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Garcia JM, Hahs-Vaughn D, Murray M, Perry C, Brazendale K, Rice DJ, Fukuda DH. The physical and psychosocial benefits of a family judo program for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A pilot study. Disabil Health J 2024; 17:101631. [PMID: 38702229 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) tend to have high levels of stress and poor health habits. There is a lack of interventions that focus on improving health outcomes in parents of children with ASD. OBJECTIVE To examine the physical and psychosocial effects of a family-based judo program on parents of children diagnosed with ASD. METHODS This study utilized a pre-post single group design. Eighteen parent-child dyads participated in a 14-week judo program for families of children with ASD. Judo sessions were held once a week for 45 min. Parents wore wrist accelerometers to assess physical activity/sleep quality, and completed surveys regarding self-reported stress levels pre- and post-judo. Parents also completed open-ended questions regarding their experience in the program. Paired sample t-tests were conducted to examine changes in stress, physical activity, and sleep quality from pre-to post-program. RESULTS Both a decrease in parental stress (47.77 vs. 41.61, p < 0.01) and an increase in minutes per day of physical activity (35.49 vs 45.94, p = 0.002) were observed from baseline to post-program. Fourteen of the 18 parents (78 %) reported at least one psychosocial benefit (e.g. increased self-confidence) or physical health benefit (e.g. increased physical activity) from participation in the program. CONCLUSIONS A family judo program may provide health benefits, such as reducing stress levels and increasing physical activity in parents of children with ASD. Further research involving larger sample sizes is necessary to better determine the effects of judo on both parents and their children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Garcia
- School of Sport Sciences, College of Applied Human Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Debbie Hahs-Vaughn
- College of Community Innovation and Education, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Murray
- Department of Heath Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Caitlyn Perry
- Department of Heath Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Heath Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David J Rice
- School of Sport Sciences, College of Applied Human Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - David H Fukuda
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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2
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Brennan C, O’Donoghue G, Keogh A, Rhodes RE, Matthews J. "It's what mothers do." A qualitative exploration of mothers' experiences of supporting their daughter to be physically active. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299260. [PMID: 38558034 PMCID: PMC10984520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Girls are more at risk than boys of the non-communicable diseases associated with insufficient levels of physical activity (PA), therefore it is important to explore the reasons why girls maintain or cease to be physically active. Maternal support plays an important role in girl's PA, yet the factors influencing mothers' support of their PA have received limited exploration. In response, the aim of this study was to explore, mothers' experiences of supporting their daughters to be physically active and their perceptions of the factors that might influence these experiences. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of mothers (n = 29) of girls (Mean age = 10.9 years; SD = 0.6). Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data, with themes mapped to the relevant domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. RESULTS Themes highlighted how mothers described providing PA support as an inherent part of their parental role and how their role was influenced by their own PA identity. Mothers recognised that the type and amount of support they provided was impacted by the community setting in which they lived. Mothers acknowledged how the role of others (e.g., partners, grandparents, peers) added a layer of complexity to supporting their daughters to be active. CONCLUSION This study advances our understanding of maternal PA support behaviours recognising the complex interplay of individual, social and environmental factors. Additionally, the use of the Theoretical Domains Framework presents an in-depth behavioural diagnosis which can be used to inform future theory-based interventions to promote parent support of children's PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Brennan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grainne O’Donoghue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Keogh
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - James Matthews
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Rhodes RE, Hollman H, Sui W. Family-based physical activity interventions and family functioning: A systematic review. FAMILY PROCESS 2024; 63:392-413. [PMID: 36748347 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Family physical activity (PA) can confer multiple health benefits, yet whether PA interventions affect general family functioning has not been appraised. The purpose of this review was to evaluate studies that have examined the effect of family PA interventions, where child PA was the focus of the intervention, on constructs of family functioning. Literature searches were concluded on January 11, 2022 using seven common databases. Eligible studies were in English, utilized a family PA intervention, and assessed a measure of family functioning as a study outcome. The initial search yielded 8413 hits, which was reduced to 20 independent PA interventions of mixed quality after screening for eligibility criteria. There was mixed evidence for whether family PA interventions affected overall family functioning; however, analyses of subdomains indicated that family cohesion is improved by PA interventions when children are in the early school years (aged 5-12). High-quality studies also showed an impact of family PA interventions on family organization. Targeted interventions at specific family subsystems (e.g., father-son, mother-daughter), characteristics (low-income, clinical populations, girls), and broad multibehavioral interventions may have the most reliable effects. Overall, the findings show that family PA interventions can promote family cohesion and organization, particularly among families with children in the early school years. Higher quality research, employing randomized trial designs and targeting specific intervention and sample characteristics (e.g., different clinical conditions, specific parent-child dyads), is recommended in order to better ascertain the effectiveness of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Wuyou Sui
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Ketcheson LR, Pitchford EA, Wentz FC, Loetzner F. Trajectories of physical activity among autistic children and their caregivers: Outcomes of a virtual 1-year longitudinal intervention. Disabil Health J 2024; 17:101538. [PMID: 37788962 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in regular physical activity (PA) is a critical component of overall well-being. However, opportunities to engage in health-enhancing PA for families who have an autistic child are relatively obsolete. A virtual PA intervention has the potential to address many participation barriers and represents a timely opportunity to promote positive trajectories of PA among vulnerable populations. OBJECTIVE To examine PA trajectories during a one-year virtual intervention for autistic children and their caregiver and to explore relationships in activity participation within child-caregiver dyads. METHODS Twenty-nine families, including autistic children and their caregiver participated in the full intervention. Caregivers completed questionnaires to measure PA behavior at baseline and four-month intervals throughout the intervention. RESULTS Reported PA significantly increased among autistic children and caregivers during the intervention. No association in PA was observed within dyads at baseline, but moderate relationships were observed during the intervention. CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate the initial effectiveness of a virtual PA intervention for autistic children and their caregiver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Ketcheson
- Wayne State University, 5101 John C Lodge Fwy, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | | | - F Chandler Wentz
- Wayne State University, 5101 John C Lodge Fwy, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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5
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Stea TH, Vettore MV, Øvrebø B, Abildsnes E. Changes in dietary habits and BMI z-score after a 6-month non-randomized cluster-controlled trial among 6-12 years old overweight and obese Norwegian children. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:9617. [PMID: 38187797 PMCID: PMC10770647 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Effective prevention programs to address the high prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and the concomitant health consequences have been warranted. Objective To improve dietary habits and weight status among Norwegian children with overweight/obesity in the primary care setting. Design A 6-month non-randomized cluster-controlled intervention among 137 children, aged 6-12 years, with overweight/obesity and their parents. Intervention and control groups were recruited by public health nurses and followed-up by 12 Healthy Life Centers across Norway. The intervention group received individual family counseling and participated in nutrition courses and physical activity groups. A frequency questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics and dietary habits was completed by the parents. Trained public health nurses measured height and weight using standardized methods to calculate body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-scores. Results The intervention resulted in an increased odds of consuming evening meals (OR: 3.42), a decreased availability of salty snacks (β = -0.17), a decreased intake of salty snacks (-0.18), an increased consumption of water (β = 0.20), and a decreased estimated total intake of energy (β = -0.17), carbohydrates (β = -0.17), mono- and disaccharides (β = -0.21), sucrose (β = -0.24), and saturated fatty acids (β = -0.17). The intervention directly predicted lower BMI z-score (β = -0.17), and post-treatment levels of energy (β = -0.65), saturated fat (β = 0.43), and total carbohydrates (β = 0.41) were directly linked to BMI z-score after intervention. Age and sex were indirectly associated with BMI after intervention through energy and saturated fat intake. Conclusions The intervention had a beneficial impact on nutrient intake and weight status among children with overweight/obesity. These findings provide support for implementing complex intervention programs tailored to local primary care settings. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02290171. Registered 13. November 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02290171.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Holte Stea
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Mario Vianna Vettore
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Health and Inequalities, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Abildsnes
- Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
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6
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Kim J, Hwang IW, Park JH, Kim Y, Lee JM. Effects of COVID-19 outbreak on Korean adolescents: Impact of altered economic perception on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and stress levels in an age-, gender-, and BMI-matched study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294270. [PMID: 37956137 PMCID: PMC10642811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study is to examine the disparities in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and stress levels in Korean adolescents concerning changes in their perception of family economic status (ES) during COVID-19. Among a total of 6144 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18, the participants were categorized into two groups based on their responses regarding changes in their family ES due to COVID-19: Declined ES (n = 3072) and Non-changed ES (n = 3072), with matching in terms of age, gender, and BMI. All variables were assessed using the 16th year (2020) of the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS 26.0 version, employing independent t-tests to examine anthropometrics' differences and multinominal logistic regression to predict the impact of perception of family ES on PA, SB, and stress while comparing the two groups. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Adolescents in the Declined ES group were 1.2 times more likely to engage in MVPA for less than 420 mins/wk (OR = 1.16, p = 0.039), 1.7 times more likely to meet recommended muscular strength activities (i.e., ≥ 3 days/wk) (OR = 1.70, p < 0.001), 37% less likely to not meet recommended recreational sitting time (i.e., ≥ 840 mins/wk) (OR = 0.63, p < 0.01), and were 2.1 times more likely to experience very severe stress level than the Non-changed ES group (p < 0.001). These results shed light on the importance of promoting mental health care in adolescents, regardless of PA levels, for their well-being during potential future pandemics. Understanding the impact of perceived ES changes on health behaviors can inform targeted interventions and support strategies to improve the mental health outcomes of adolescents during challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - In-Whi Hwang
- Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Youngdeok Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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7
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Al-Walah MA, Donnelly M, Cunningham C, Heron N. Which behaviour change techniques are associated with interventions that increase physical activity in pre-school children? A systematic review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2013. [PMID: 37845721 PMCID: PMC10580560 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a significant risk factor that contributes to several health problems and there is a need to improve our understanding of how to increase PA, particularly among young children. This review (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022328841) investigated the relationship between behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and interventions that increased PA among pre-school children aged < 6 years old. METHODS Systematic searches of six databases were undertaken from inception to July 2022, updated in December 2022, to locate studies that evaluated interventions and reported a positive change in PA levels in children aged < 6 years old. RESULTS A total of 5,304 studies were screened, and 28 studies involving 10,605 subjects aged 2.5 to 5.9 years met the eligibility criteria. Each eligible study (n = 28) was independently appraised by two researchers using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The BCT Taxonomy v1 and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) guided the extraction and analysis of data, and this process led to the identification of 27 BCTs. CONCLUSIONS Potentially promising BCTs for increasing PA among young children included 'shaping knowledge,' 'antecedents,' 'goals and planning,' and 'comparison of behaviour.' Future PA interventions that target young children should consider integrating these promising BCTs into their programmes. However, such consideration needs to be tempered by the fact that most of the reviewed studies were deemed to have a high or unclear risk of bias and/or were limited with respect to the populations that they targeted. Further research using rigorous methodologies is required to establish a higher standard that addresses the needs of young children who are expected to have insufficient levels of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosfer A Al-Walah
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21974, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Michael Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Conor Cunningham
- School of Health Science, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Neil Heron
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele University, England, UK
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8
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Arredondo EM, Schneider J, Torres-Ruiz M, Telles V, Thralls Butte K, West M, Maldonado M, Gallagher K, Roesch S, Ayala GX, Baranowski T. Rationale and design of a pilot randomized controlled trial to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in preadolescent Latina girls and their mothers. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 33:101137. [PMID: 37215388 PMCID: PMC10192392 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hispanic/Latina girls have a low prevalence of moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) compared to their male counterparts and non-Hispanic White girls. Mothers influence their children's activity levels by creating and supporting PA opportunities, modeling PA, and reinforcing children's efforts to be physically active. The Conmigo trial will evaluate a mother-daughter intervention to promote PA and examine potential mechanisms of change including mothers' PA, parenting regarding PA, and mother-daughter communication. Method This randomized controlled trial examines the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of a 12-week intervention promoting PA in preadolescent Latina girls in San Diego County, CA. Participants (n = 90 dyads) are randomized to the Conmigo PA intervention or to a control group that receive an abbreviated version of the intervention. The intervention was informed by Social Cognitive Theory and Family Systems Theory and emphasize family-level factors to promote PA using an actor-partner model. Mothers and daughters attend weekly 90-min sessions in English or in Spanish via Zoom video conferencing, supported by facilitator follow-ups and WhatsApp supportive chat group for mothers. Objective (accelerometer) and self-report measures at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months capture the frequency and intensity of PA and correlates and predictors of PA. We also examine the impact of the intervention on the bidirectional influence of mother-daughter PA. Implications The findings from the Conmigo trial will form the basis of a randomized controlled community trial and will move the field forward in identifying targets of change in preventing chronic disease risk in Hispanic/Latino communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marisa Torres-Ruiz
- Joint Doctoral Program (JDP) in Public Health at San Diego State University (SDSU), The University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Victoria Telles
- Joint Doctoral Program (JDP) in Public Health at San Diego State University (SDSU), The University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Michelle West
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Roesch
- Psychology Department, San Diego State University, USA
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9
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Santos F, Sousa H, Gouveia ÉR, Lopes H, Peralta M, Martins J, Murawska-Ciałowicz E, Żurek G, Marques A. School-Based Family-Oriented Health Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:243-262. [PMID: 36413351 PMCID: PMC9850376 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221113836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review and analyse intervention programs in a school context centred on the family, focused on increasing youths' physical activity. DATA SOURCE The research was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. STUDY INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies were included if participants were children or adolescents, focusing on school-based intervention studies with parental involvement and physical activity, sedentary behaviour or physical fitness outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION The search was performed according to the PRISMA protocol. A total of 416 articles were identified. After being considered for eligibility and duplicates, 22 studies were identified as relevant for inclusion. DATA SYNTHESIS Sample and intervention characteristics, objective, the role of the family, outcomes measures, main findings regarding the outcomes and risk of bias. RESULTS Ten studies reported improvements in physical activity, 6 in sedentary behaviour and 9 in the components of physical fitness and/or skills related to healthy behaviours and lifestyles. Most of the interventions adopted a multidisciplinary and multi-component approach. CONCLUSIONS Most interventions employed a school's multidisciplinary/multi-component approach to promoting physical activity, nutrition, and general education for healthier lifestyle behaviours. The impact of school-based interventions involving families on youth's physical activity levels is still a relatively emerging theme. Further research is needed given the diversity of the intervention's characteristics and the disparity in the results' efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Santos
- Department of Physical Education
and Sport, University
de Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Honorato Sousa
- Department of Physical Education
and Sport, University
de Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education
and Sport, University
de Madeira, Funchal, Portugal,LARSYS,
Interactive
Technologies Institute, Funchal,
Portugal,Élvio Rúbio Gouveia, Universidade da
Madeira, Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto, Campus Universitário da
Penteada; 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Helder Lopes
- Department of Physical Education
and Sport, University
de Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Miguel Peralta
- Research Center in Sports Sciences,
Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal,CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade
Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Research Center in Sports Sciences,
Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal,CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade
Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Grzegorz Żurek
- Physiology and Biochemistry
Department, University
School of Physical Education in
Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adilson Marques
- Research Center in Sports Sciences,
Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal,CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade
Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Physical Activity and Screen Viewing Behaviors Among Children Aged 6-9 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:402-410. [PMID: 36889326 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many restrictions worldwide, including lockdowns and school closures. This may have prevented children from meeting the recommended physical activity (PA) levels and screen time. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the pandemic on school-age children's PA and screen time in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study where caregivers of children aged 6-9 years living in Saudi Arabia were recruited through convenience sampling to fill out an online survey between July and August 2020. The survey covered demographic information, PAs, and screen time across 3 periods: pre-COVID-19 pandemic, during the COVID-19 lockdown, and the last 7 days preceding the survey during the pandemic where social distancing applied, but no lockdown. RESULTS A total of 339 caregivers completed the online survey about their children. The number of active children slightly increased during the lockdown (9.7%) than before COVID-19 and the last days (5.8%); however, the average reported days of PA during the pandemic were fewer than before. The findings indicated that all 3 types of screen time (watch time, screenplay, and device time) were longer during the pandemic (mean [SD]: 9.5 [5.5]) than before the COVID-19 (mean [SD]: 5.8 [5.1]). CONCLUSION While the proportion of active children had increased during the lockdown, the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted PA days and screen time in school-age children. School-age children in Saudi Arabia were already far from meeting global guidelines even before the pandemic, highlighting this population's need for healthy lifestyle promotion.
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11
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Weekday and Weekend Physical Activity of Preschool Children in Relation to Selected Socioeconomic Indicators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19094999. [PMID: 35564395 PMCID: PMC9099735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is as vital for improving the health of young children as it is positively associated with a broad range of psychological, cognitive, and cardio-metabolic outcomes. The aims of this study were to: (1) to assess the level of PA and meeting the WHO recommendations: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the number of steps in Polish preschool boys and girls on weekdays and on weekends; (2) to investigate the relationship between selected socioeconomic indicators (self-reported by parents) and PA, including meeting the WHO recommendation for daily MVPA and the number of steps on weekdays and on weekends among Polish preschoolers. Data were collected in the 2017/2018 school year. The study included a total of 522 boys and girls both aged between 5 and 6 years. The ActiGraph GT3X-BT tri-axial accelerometer was used to measure PA. Selected socioeconomic indicators as well as parental body weight and body height were self-reported by parents/caregivers using a questionnaire. In most of the PA indicators analyzed for girls (moderate, vigorous, total MVPA, and steps/day), the averages were higher during the week than during the weekend. Moreover, significantly more boys met the criteria of MVPA, both on weekdays and over the weekend (32.3% boys and 19.2% girls on weekdays and 31.1% boys and 18.1% girls on weekends). Additionally, more boys met the step recommendations, but only on weekends (15.5% boys and 6.6% girls). It was found that if there were two people in a household, there was an almost a three-fold greater chance (adj. OR = 2.94, p = 0.032) of meeting the MVPA criterion with an even stronger association (over fivefold greater chance) in meeting the step recommendation (adj. OR = 5.56, p = 0.033). The differences in the day schedule may potentially contribute with the level of PA in girls. Among the analyzed selected socioeconomic indicators, only the number of people in a household had a significant association on PA.
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12
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Lane C, Naylor PJ, Predy M, Kurtzhals M, Rhodes RE, Morton K, Hunter S, Carson V. Exploring a parent-focused physical literacy intervention for early childhood: a pragmatic controlled trial of the PLAYshop. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:659. [PMID: 35382793 PMCID: PMC8982907 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents play a key role in young children’s physical activity and physical literacy development. Little research has explored parent-focused interventions to improve young children’s physical literacy. We examined if a theory-based, feasible physical literacy training workshop (PLAYshop) for parents could improve their physical literacy knowledge and confidence and improve parenting practices related to facilitating the physical literacy development of their preschool-aged child (3-5 years). The secondary objective was to explore implementation facilitators and barriers. Methods We conducted a pragmatic controlled trial in two Canadian cities (Edmonton and Victoria) from November 2019 – March 2020. A total of 143/151 parents were eligible and assigned to intervention (n = 71) or control group (n = 72). The PLAYshop included: (i) a 75-min in-person workshop with interactive activities and physical literacy educational messages, (ii) educational materials, (iii) an equipment pack, and (iv) two post-workshop booster emails. Surveys measured parents’ knowledge and confidence at baseline and follow-up. Application of PLAYshop concepts and implementation facilitators and barriers were explored with interviews of parents and workshop leaders. Repeated measures ANOVAs and thematic analyses were completed. Results Parents’ knowledge and confidence improved significantly over time; intervention group changes were significantly greater than control group changes (p < 0.001; ɳ2 = .32). Parents applied PLAYshop concepts at-home, including child-led play, making activities fun, and promoting child manipulative and locomotor skills. Time was a key parental implementation barrier. Program implementation issues varied by context (location and participants). Conclusions PLAYshop participation changed parents’ physical literacy knowledge and confidence and physical literacy enhancing play with their children. Implementation feasibility was high. The findings from this real-world trial highlight an efficacious and scalable intervention that warrants further testing. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04394312. Registered 19/05/2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13048-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Lane
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840 114 St., Van Vliet Complex, University Hall, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Mette Kurtzhals
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg Hospital DK, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kayla Morton
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840 114 St., Van Vliet Complex, University Hall, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840 114 St., Van Vliet Complex, University Hall, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada.
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Knight RL, McNarry MA, Runacres AW, Shelley J, Sheeran L, Mackintosh KA. Moving Forward: Understanding Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour during COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents—An Integrative Review and Socioecological Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031044. [PMID: 35162071 PMCID: PMC8834078 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restrictions have negatively impacted physical activity (PA) and sedentary time/behaviour. This integrative review systematically explored the socioecological factors that impacted and influenced these movement behaviours in children and adolescents during the pandemic. Five electronic databases were systematically searched in January 2021, with data extracted from 16 articles (n = 18,352; 5–17 years; 12 countries). Risk-of-bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool (MMAT), with correlates identified, coded, and themed via thematic analysis. A socioecological model of during-pandemic PA and sedentary time/behaviour was conceptualised and mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour-change mechanisms, illustrating influences over five levels: Individual (biological)—age and sex; Individual (psychological)—mental health, and cognition, motivation, and behaviour; Social—family factors, and structured support; Environmental—area of residence and resources; and Policy—COVID-19-related rules. For sedentary time/behaviour, individual-(age and sex), social-(family factors) and policy-(COVID-19-related rules) level factors may be important correlates. There were no age or sex associations with PA levels, though there was some indication that sedentary time/behaviour increased with age. Interventions seeking to enhance young people’s movement behaviours during periods of enforced restrictions should focus on enhancing opportunities on a social and environmental level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Knight
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Melitta A. McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Adam W. Runacres
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - James Shelley
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Liba Sheeran
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4EP, UK;
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Kelly A. Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Parent Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:132-147. [PMID: 35016157 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this review were to describe exercise interventions, facilitators, and barriers to physical activity for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. METHODS A systematic review of the literature, appraising the validity of each article with Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt's level of evidence, from different databases CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science between 2000 and 2020 was conducted. As the initial search revealed no articles on exercise interventions and only 2 articles with children with autism spectrum disorder, the aim was widened to all parents of children. RESULTS Forty-five articles were identified on barriers to physical activity including being the primary caregiving parent, perception of guilt and selfishness, and adhering to exercise programs they do as part of research, once research ends. Facilitators for physical activity including parents being more likely to exercise if they can bring their child with them and parents preferring exercise that is a lifelong habit, such as walking. CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of research on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, recommendations include development and testing of interventions for parents of children with this condition including family-based exercise interventions where children and parents have a choice to exercise together.
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15
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Vandoni M, Codella R, Pippi R, Carnevale Pellino V, Lovecchio N, Marin L, Silvestri D, Gatti A, Magenes VC, Regalbuto C, Fabiano V, Zuccotti G, Calcaterra V. Combatting Sedentary Behaviors by Delivering Remote Physical Exercise in Children and Adolescents with Obesity in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:4459. [PMID: 34960011 PMCID: PMC8706684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of childhood obesity (or its risk) and COVID-19 pandemic put children and adolescents in greater risk to develop respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In fact, the restrictions introduced to limit the spread of the virus had detrimental effects on various lifestyle components, especially in young population. This resulted in augmented levels of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors and a reduced time spent in play outdoors or sport practices. Contrariwise, the increased use of technology led clinicians, teachers, and trainers to maintain relations with obese children/adolescents so as to reduce sedentary behaviors and the associated health risks. This narrative review aims to describe the role of Telehealth and Tele-exercise as useful tools in the management of pediatric obesity during COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth and Tele-exercise were effective in promoting self-monitoring and behavioral changes, including adherence to exercise training programs in children and adolescents. Moreover, tele-exercise platforms such as applications or exergames allowed flexible scheduling, limiting the infection risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pippi
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, C.U.R.I.A.Mo. (Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attività Motoria), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Luca Marin
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Dario Silvestri
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Alessandro Gatti
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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16
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Moore SA, Sharma R, Martin Ginis KA, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP. Adverse Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Movement and Play Behaviours of Children and Youth Living with Disabilities: Findings from the National Physical Activity Measurement (NPAM) Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12950. [PMID: 34948560 PMCID: PMC8701838 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
All children and youth require ample physical activity (PA), low levels of sedentary behaviour (SB), and adequate sleep to stay healthy. Children and youth living with disabilities (CYWD) tend to have fewer opportunities for participation in PA and outdoor play compared with their typically developing peers. In turn, CYWD are typically less active and more sedentary, on average, compared with their peers. The COVID-19 pandemic reduced opportunities for many children and youth to participate in PA and outdoor play. The purpose of this study was to assess parent-perceived changes in PA (including outdoor play), SB (including screen time), and sleep quality and quantity, due to COVID-19 and related restrictions, in a national cohort of Canadian CYWD. We recruited parents of school-aged CYWD (N = 151) in May 2020. In an online survey, parents reported their child's previous 7-day PA, SB, and sleep, as well as perceived changes in their child's movement and play behaviours due to COVID-19 and related restrictions. Parent-perceived parental support for their child's movement and play behaviours during the pandemic was also assessed. We used descriptive statistics to describe the child's movement behaviours and assessed the association between movement behaviours and parental factors using Pearson and point-biserial correlations. Few (5.3%) CYWD met PA recommendations and 13.2% met screen time recommendations during the acute period of the COVID-19 pandemic. More CYWD (66.2%) were meeting sleep recommendations. Overall, only 1.3% of CYWD were meeting the combined movement guidelines. Parent encouragement was positively associated with the child's outdoor PA (0.23), wheeling, walking, and biking (0.19), indoor PA (0.16), and family-based PA (0.26). Parental co-play was similarly positively associated with the child's outdoor PA (0.26), wheeling, walking, and biking (0.39), indoor PA (0.16), and family-based PA (0.26). Parents perceived their CYWD to be less active and more sedentary as a result of COVID-19 and the related restrictions. Parents of CYWD have an important role in encouraging healthy movement behaviours. Return to movement and play post-COVID guidelines should include tailored strategies for CYWD and their families to mitigate the negative impacts of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada;
| | - Kathleen A. Martin Ginis
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, 818 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kelly P. Arbour-Nicitopoulos
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada;
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17
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Effects of a Web-Based Parent-Child Physical Activity Program on Mental Health in Parents of Children with ASD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412913. [PMID: 34948523 PMCID: PMC8700830 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parents of children with ASD experience a higher incidence of mental health difficulties, including stress, depression, and anxiety, than parents of children without ASD. According to studies related to ASD, parent–child physical activity programs are an effective approach to encourage both parents and their children with ASD to exercise together, thus improving the mental health of parents due to this interactive family activity. The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of this web-based parent–child physical activity program on the mental health of parents of children with ASD. A total of 94 parent–child pairs consented to participate in this study, and 75 parent–child pairs completed the study. Three instruments—DASS-21, PSI-4-SF, and WHOQOL-26—were used to measure mental health, parental stress, and quality of life, respectively. A randomized controlled trial design was implemented to examine the effectiveness of the 10-week web-based parent–child physical activity program on improving the mental health of parents of children with ASD. The results showed that after the 10-week parent–child physical activity program, there were significant differences in overall DASS-21 and PSI-4-SF for the experimental group, compared with control group (p < 0.05), which indicated that the parent–child physical activity program has a positive influence on mental health in parents of children with ASD. One sub-area of WHOQOL-26 between the experimental and control groups across pre-/post-testing intervals also showed greater reductions in the item of psychological health (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings demonstrated the efficacy of the web-based parent–child physical activity program for improving mental health in parents of children with ASD.
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18
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Brennan C, O'Donoghue G, Hall AM, Keogh A, Matthews J. A systematic review of the intervention characteristics, and behavior change theory and techniques used in mother-daughter interventions targeting physical activity. Prev Med 2021; 153:106764. [PMID: 34411587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing gender disparities in levels of physical inactivity put women and female youths at a greater risk of associated health problems. Mother-daughter interventions have been proposed as means to promote physical activity in this at-risk cohort. However, there is a lack of clarity as to if and why these types of interventions might be effective. This systematic review examined the intervention characteristics, and behavior change theory and techniques used in these interventions to promote physical activity for mothers and daughters. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINfO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases were searched for English language studies from inception to 13th May 2020. Interventions of any design that targeted daughters and mothers' physical activity were included. Data was extracted using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist, and the Behavior Change Technique (BCT) Taxonomy v1. 4962 articles were screened and 11 unique studies met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias in studies was generally high. Narrative summary highlighted that many studies used social cognitive theory as a theoretical foundation, were based in the community and less than three months in duration with multiple sessions per week. Thirty-seven behavior change techniques were identified across studies. Some techniques were deemed potentially effective including credible source, information on the health consequences of the behavior and the self-regulatory techniques of goal-setting, self-monitoring and problem-solving. Future research should consider the use of the TIDieR guidelines and BCT Taxonomy v1 to improve the quality of information for intervention development, implementation, and reporting phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Brennan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Grainne O'Donoghue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda M Hall
- Primary Healthcare Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Alison Keogh
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Matthews
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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van Sluijs EMF, Brown HE, Coombes E, Hughes C, Jones AP, Morton KL, Guagliano JM. An online family-based self-monitoring and goal-setting intervention to improve children’s physical activity: the FRESH feasibility trial and three-arm pilot RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3310/phr09090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Family-based physical activity promotion presents a promising avenue for promoting whole-family physical activity, but high-quality research is lacking.
Objectives
To assess the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of FRESH (Families Reporting Every Step to Health), a child-led online family-based physical activity intervention; and to identify effective and resource-efficient family recruitment strategies.
Design
The project consisted of (1) a randomised feasibility trial, (2) a randomised controlled pilot trial and (3) a systematic review and Delphi study.
Setting
Norfolk/Suffolk counties, UK.
Participants
Families, recruited from schools, workplaces and community settings, were eligible to participate if one child aged 7–11 years and one adult responsible for their care provided written consent; all family members could participate.
Interventions
The FRESH intervention, guided by self-determination theory, targeted whole families and was delivered via an online platform. All family members received pedometers and were given website access to select family step challenges to ‘travel’ to target cities around the world, log steps, and track progress as they virtually globetrotted. Families were randomised to FRESH intervention, pedometer-only or control arm.
Main outcome measures
Physical (e.g. blood pressure), psychosocial (e.g. family functioning) and behavioural (e.g. device-measured family physical activity) measures were collected at baseline and at 8- and 52-week follow-up. A mixed-methods process evaluation assessed the acceptability of the intervention and evaluation.
Data sources review
Systematic search of four databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO and SCOPUS).
Review methods
Articles were screened in duplicate, and data extraction was fully checked. Academic experts participated in the three-round Delphi study. Data were combined to identify effective and resource-efficient family recruitment strategies.
Inclusion criteria
Included generally healthy school-aged children and at least one adult; intervention attempted to change physical activity, sedentary behaviour, screen use, diet, or prevent overweight/obesity in multiple family members; presented relevant measure of effect in children and adults.
Results
The feasibility study (12 families, 32 participants; 100% retention at 8 weeks) demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of FRESH, but highlighted that adaptations were required. Of 41 families recruited in the pilot study (149 participants), 98% and 88% were retained at the 8-week and 52-week follow-up, respectively. More children in the FRESH arm self-reported doing more family physical activity, and they thought that FRESH was fun. There were no notable between-group differences in children’s outcomes. Change in moderate to vigorous physical activity at 8 weeks favoured FRESH intervention adults [vs. control: 9.4 minutes/week (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 18.4) vs. pedometer only: 15.3 (95% confidence interval 6.0 to 24.5)], and was stronger in fathers, but this was not maintained. In 49 included studies, apart from recruitment settings and strategies used (reported in 84% and 73% of the studies, respectively), recruitment details were scarce. School-based recruitment was predominant. The Delphi study identified a wide range of recruitment settings and strategies.
Limitations
Recruitment was the main limitation of the FRESH studies; generalisability of the proposed recruitment strategies may be limited.
Conclusions
This study has demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the FRESH intervention. However, we failed to recruit the target sample size and were unable to demonstrate a signal of effectiveness. Future research should employ a multifaceted recruitment approach.
Future work
Further refinements to intervention delivery and recruitment methods should be investigated.
Study registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN12789422 and PROSPERO CRD42019140042.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 9, No. 9. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther MF van Sluijs
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen E Brown
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Coombes
- Norwich Medical School and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Claire Hughes
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Jones
- Norwich Medical School and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Katie L Morton
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Justin M Guagliano
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Perdew M, Liu S, Naylor PJ. Family-based nutrition interventions for obesity prevention among school-aged children: a systematic review. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:709-723. [PMID: 32893869 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective evidence-informed family-based nutrition interventions for childhood obesity management are needed. (a) To assess the number and quality of published randomized controlled trials incorporating family-based nutrition interventions for childhood obesity (ages 5-18 years) management and (b) to identify intervention attributes (e.g., contact time, nutrition curricula, and behavior change strategies) used in successful interventions. Studies that met eligibility criteria were randomized controlled trials and family-based childhood obesity management interventions for children and adolescents ages 5-18 years old that included a healthy eating component and measured child dietary behaviors and/or parent dietary feeding practices. Six databases were searched: CINAHL complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MEDLINE with full text (PubMed), PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and ERIC (EBSCO Host). The validated Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess study quality. Eight studies met eligibility criteria. Study quality analysis showed that blinding of the research teams (e.g., analysts, and those focused on data collection) and the use of age appropriate, valid, and reliable instruments were areas of concern. Successful nutrition interventions targeting children 5-18 years old, appear to include setting family-based goals, modifying home food environment, hands-on approaches to teaching nutrition (games, group-based activities), and fruit and vegetable vouchers. This review highlighted a limited amount of moderate to high quality evidence to suggest that family-based nutrition interventions can be successful in improving dietary behaviors and that interventions with positive outcomes had some components of nutrition curricula and strategies in common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Perdew
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Sam Liu
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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21
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Ha AS, Lonsdale C, Lubans DR, Ng FF, Ng JYY. Improving children's fundamental movement skills through a family-based physical activity program: results from the "Active 1 + FUN" randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:99. [PMID: 34273973 PMCID: PMC8285675 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is related to many positive health outcomes, yet activity levels of many children are low. Researchers have suggested that family-based interventions may improve physical activity behaviors of both children and their parents. In this study, we evaluated the “Active 1 + FUN” program, which was designed based on tenets of self-determination theory. Intervention components included free sporting equipment, ten coach-led workshops and activity sessions, and one booster session. Methods We evaluated the intervention program using a randomized controlled trial. One hundred seventy-one families were randomly allocated to either an experimental group or a wait-list control group. Participants were exposed to program contents over a nine-month period, while families in the control did not receive any form of intervention. Measured constructs included moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, co-physical activity behaviors, fundamental movement skills, BMI, and several self-reported questionnaire outcomes. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to compare changes in measured outcomes across the two groups. Results No significant intervention effects were found for children’s and parents’ accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or their co-physical activity. However, in terms of children’s fundamental movement skills, a significant Time*Group interaction (B = 0.52, 95% CI [0.07, 0.96] for Times 1 to 2; B = 0.24, 95% CI [0.01, 0.48] for Times 1 to 3) in favor of the experimental group was found. Conclusions Results suggested that the “Active 1 + FUN” program was effective in improving children’s fundamental movement skills. Additional research is needed to examine how family-based initiatives could effectively improve physical activity behaviors too. Trial registration ANZCTR, ACTRN12618001524280. Registered 11 September 2018, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375660. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01160-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Ha
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Kwok Sports Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 33 Berry Street, North Sydney, NSW, 2060, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Florrie F Ng
- Department of Educational Psychology, Ho Tim Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Johan Y Y Ng
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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22
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Woods CB, Crowley E, Powell C, O'Brien W, Murphy MH, Belton S, Saunders J, Connolly S, Farmer O, Ng K. Socio-ecological correlates of physical activity in a nationally representative sample of adolescents across Ireland and Northern Ireland. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101472. [PMID: 34258178 PMCID: PMC8259398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent physical activity (PA) can be categorized into different levels. Categories include inactive, somewhat active, active, or daily active. Demographic, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors varied by PA category. Depending on PA category, school- and community-related factors also varied. As Every Move Counts, future correlate analyses may benefit from PA categorization.
Physical activity (PA) is associated with a range of health benefits for adolescents. Few adolescents meet one hour daily of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The World Health Organisation (WHO) now recommends an ‘on average’ accumulation. In light of these updates, comparing correlates associated with meeting versus not meeting the PA guidelines provides limited understanding of adolescent behavioural choices. The aim of this study was to fractionate PA behaviour and investigate influential socio-ecological correlates across a diverse range of PA categories. A nationally representative sample (N = 6,563; age = 13.5 ± 1.9 years; male = 46.2%) completed a researcher supervised self-report survey. Empirically established instruments assessing the socio-ecological correlates of PA were included. Levels of MPVA were categorised into daily active (60mins.MVPA.daily), active (60mins.MVPA.5–6 days), somewhat active (60mins.MVPA.3–4 days) or inactive (60mins.MVPA.0–2 days). Descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses and multivariate blockwise binary logistic regression models were run separately for each PA category. Few were daily active (12.7%), 33.6% active, 36.5% somewhat active and 17.2% were inactive. Results showed that correlates differed in terms of direction and strength, depending on individual activity status. Increasing age was positively associated with being somewhat active, but not with being active or daily active. Attending an ‘all-girls school’ was negatively associated with daily active. High interpersonal support from family, friends or teachers was negatively associated with inactive or somewhat active, reducing the likelihood of adolescents remaining in these unhealthy PA categories. This novel information is useful for exploring previously established inconsistent relationships with PA. More sensitive categorisation and intervention tailoring to diverse PA categories is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Woods
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Emmet Crowley
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cormac Powell
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,High Performance Unit, Sport Ireland National Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wesley O'Brien
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Marie H Murphy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Sarahjane Belton
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Jean Saunders
- Claddagh Statistical Consultancy Services, Shannon & CSTAR@UL, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sinead Connolly
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Orlagh Farmer
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Kwok Ng
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland.,School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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23
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Tulchin-Francis K, Stevens W, Gu X, Zhang T, Roberts H, Keller J, Dempsey D, Borchard J, Jeans K, VanPelt J. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on physical activity in U.S. children. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:323-332. [PMID: 33657464 PMCID: PMC8167336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is vital to the physical, mental, and social well-being of children. Early restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic included the closure of schools and physical activity (PA) amenities across the US. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic on the PA and play behavior of U.S. children and to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve their PA. METHODS A cross-sectional, online, parent-reported survey was conducted of children aged 3-18 years between April and June 2020 to assess light PA and MVPA using a modified Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Additional items included family/child socioeconomic demographics, child adaptability to the pandemic, and community access. The survey was shared through social media and snowball sampling distribution. RESULTS Analysis of 1310 surveys indicated child PA scores declined significantly during the pandemic (from 56.6 to 44.6, max 119, p < 0.001). Specifically, MVPA score decreased (from 46.7 to 34.7, max 98, p < 0.001) while light PA remained the same. Age-based changes were seen in the quantity, variety, and intensity of PA, with the lowest pandemic-related impact seen in preschoolers and the highest in high schoolers (-4.7 vs. -17.2, p < 0.001). Community-based peer PA decreased across all age groups. CONCLUSION This study shows decreased PA levels in U.S. children, according to parent reporting, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for community leaders, educators, and parents to improve PA in children are provided. With continued spread of COVID-19, these results and recommendations may be imperative to the physical well-being of U.S. children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Tulchin-Francis
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA; Department of Health Care Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Wilshaw Stevens
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Xiangli Gu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Departrment of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, College of Education, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Heather Roberts
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA; Division of Clinical Research, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Jean Keller
- Departrment of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, College of Education, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Dana Dempsey
- Therapeutic Recreation Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Justine Borchard
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Kelly Jeans
- Division of Movement Science, Research Department, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Jonathan VanPelt
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA
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24
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Rhodes R, Quinlan A, Naylor PJ, Warburton DER, Blanchard CM. Predicting Family and Child Physical Activity across Six-Months of a Family-Based Intervention: An Application of Theory of Planned Behaviour, Planning and Habit. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1461-1471. [PMID: 33554750 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1877460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Family-based physical activity (PA) interventions have proven effective in modifying PA; yet, the underlying mechanisms are currently unclear. In this study, we follow-up upon prior trial data that showed changes to child moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) as a result of a family education+planning intervention compared to an education-only condition. We examined parents' perceived family PA frequency, family PA social cognitions, and family PA habit over 26 weeks between the two conditions. One hundred and two parents (of children aged 6 to 12 yrs), were recruited through advertisements and randomized to either the planning + education condition (n = 52) or an education-only condition (n = 50). Self-reported family PA, and measures of theory of planned behaviour, planning intention, and habit were completed by the contact parent at baseline, six-week, 13-week, and 26-week time-periods. The education+planning intervention increased planning intention (p <.01) and family PA (p =.06) compared to the© education-only group. The effect of condition on the putative mediators did not explain these changes (all 95% CIs crossed 0), and family PA was associated with child MVPA only at 13 weeks (p <.01). Intervention 20 assignment had a small indirect effect on family PA (favouring©the education+planning group) via Habit. Perceived behavioural©control and habit were consistent predictors of family PA (p <.05), but not PA intention or planning intention (p >.05). The planning+education intervention showed improved family PA and planning intention, yet null mediation results suggest that other variables from the family system (e.g., child motivation, other parent's motivation and plans) are likely needed to fully understand the intervention effects. The promotion of perceived behavioural control and habit to assist in family PA is recommended for future research in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Alison Quinlan
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Darren E R Warburton
- School of Kinesiology (Faculty of Education),Experimental Medicine Program (Faculty of Medicine), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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25
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Filanowski PM, Camhi SM, Whiteley JA, Iannotti RJ, Milliken LA. Predictors and Acceptability of Shared Physical Activity Participation in Parent–Child Dyads. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Porcuna VA, Rodríguez-Martín B. Parents' and Teachers' Perceptions of Physical Activity in Schools: A Meta-Ethnography. J Sch Nurs 2020; 38:98-109. [PMID: 33243055 DOI: 10.1177/1059840520972005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this meta-ethnographic study was to analyze parents' and teachers' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to physical activity in children. Facilitators were the benefits of physical activity, modeling, participation, children's preferences, and factors supporting active transport. Barriers were quantifying the physical activity, parents' lack of time, the cost of activities, bad weather, traffic, long distances, and the lack of facilities and safety. The level of physical activity does not depend exclusively on individual factors related to the child; rather, barriers and facilitators are influenced by the social and school context and the physical and built environment. It is important that school nurses understand these contextual factors, so that they can take these into consideration when designing their intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 88055University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Social and Health Research Center, 88055University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
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27
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Eliciting Willingness and Beliefs towards Participation in Genetic Psychiatric Testing in Black/African American Mothers at Risk for Depression. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10120181. [PMID: 33256064 PMCID: PMC7760786 DOI: 10.3390/bs10120181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Black/African American women are at high risk for depression, yet are underrepresented in psychiatric genetic research for depression prevention and treatment. Little is known about the factors that influence participation in genetic testing for Black/African American women at risk. The purpose of this study was to elicit the beliefs that underlie participation in genetic testing for depression in Black/African American mothers, a subgroup at high risk. Willingness to participate in genetic testing procedures was also determined. A qualitative, descriptive design was employed. Exactly 19 mothers aged 21–42 completed open-ended questionnaires. Directed content and descriptive analyses of the text were conducted based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Salient beliefs included: behavioral advantages—diagnosing/detecting depression (31.6%), finding cure/treatment (21.1%); disadvantages—not finding follow-up treatment/help (21.1%); salient referents, who approves—family members (47.4%), agencies/organizations (26.3%); who disapproves—church associates (21.1%). Control beliefs included: barriers—unpleasant/difficult testing procedures (42.1%), limited knowledge about the purpose of testing (26.3%); facilitator—a convenient location (21.1%). Most mothers (89.5%) indicated willingness to participate in testing. Interventions can target families, address barriers, emphasize future benefits, and use convenient locations and community-based participatory research methods. Policies can address social determinants of participation to increase inclusion of these mothers in psychiatric genetic research.
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28
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Wong RSM, Yu EYT, Wong TWL, Fung CSC, Choi CSY, Or CKL, Liu KSN, Wong CKH, Ip P, Lam CLK. Development and pilot evaluation of a mobile app on parent-child exercises to improve physical activity and psychosocial outcomes of Hong Kong Chinese children. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1544. [PMID: 33054753 PMCID: PMC7556926 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent-child exercises involve children and parents to do workout together and have positive effects on physical and mental health. We developed a mobile app on parent-child exercises called Family Move, which combines coaching videos with game features such as points and level system to enhance the health and wellbeing of both children and parents through parent-child exercises. This pilot pre-post study investigated whether the Family Move app-based intervention had a positive effect on children's health-related quality of life (HRQOL), psychosocial wellbeing, and physical activity (PA) level. METHODS We recruited 67 parent-child pairs. During the 8-week intervention, these pairs were invited to perform parent-child exercises using the Family Move app. Points were automatically added to the user account after viewing a coaching video. In-game ranking was available to enhance user engagement. Parent proxy-report questionnaires on children's HRQOL, psychosocial wellbeing, and PA were administered at baseline and 1- and 6-month follow-up. Paired samples t-tests were conducted to evaluate post-intervention changes in child outcomes (HRQOL, psychosocial wellbeing, and PA). Multiple linear regressions were used to examine these changes as a function of in-game ranking. RESULTS 52 (78%) viewed at least one coaching video in the Family Move app. Children's PA level significantly increased at 1-month (d = 0.32, p = 0.030) and 6-month (d = 0.30, p = 0.042) follow-up, whereas their psychosocial problems declined at 6-month follow-up (d = 0.35, p = 0.005). Higher in-game ranking was significantly associated with fewer psychosocial problems at 1-month follow-up (β = - 0.15, p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the Family Move app could be a possible intervention to increase children's PA level and psychosocial wellbeing through parent-child exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03279354 , registered September 11, 2017 (Prospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sze Man Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Ap Lei Chau Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Esther Yee Tak Yu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Ap Lei Chau Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | | | - Colman Siu Cheung Fung
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Ap Lei Chau Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Calvin Ka Lun Or
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kiki Sze Nga Liu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Ap Lei Chau Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carlos King Ho Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Ap Lei Chau Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cindy Lo Kuen Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Ap Lei Chau Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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29
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Sigmundová D, Badura P, Sigmund E. Parent-child dyads and nuclear family association in pedometer-assessed physical activity: A cross-sectional study of 4-to-16-year-old Czech children. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:1314-1325. [PMID: 33045931 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1833086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to examine familial aggregation in pedometer-assessed physical activity (PA) and proxy-reported screen time (ST) with estimating which of the parents' lifestyle indicators help their offspring achieve step count (SC) recommendations under daily life conditions. The analysis included 773 parent-child dyads (591 mother-child, 182 father-child) and 511 nuclear family triads (mother-father-child) with data ambulatory PA monitored with a Yamax pedometer during a regular school/working week during the spring and autumn between 2013 and 2019. Based on Logistic regression analysis, an achievement of 10,000 steps a day by the mothers significantly (p < 0.001) increases the odds ratio of their children reaching the recommended daily SC in the parent-child dyads. Obesity/overweight of mothers (fathers) significantly (p < 0.05) increases (reduces) the chance of their children reaching the recommended daily SC in the analysis of the nuclear family triads. For both overweight/obese and non-overweight children, the odds of reaching the recommended daily SC are significantly (p < 0.05) increased by their regular participation (≥ twice per week) in organised leisure-time PA (analysis of the nuclear family triads) and non-excessive entertainment ST (≤2 h per day) in the mother-child and nuclear family triads. Despite the different mother-/father-child behavioural associations, SC of parents are positively associated with SC of their children (Linear regression analysis). The involvement of children in regular participation in organised leisure activities (at least twice a week) and limiting their excessive entertainment ST might be important factors contributing to the achievement of the recommended daily SC by children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Sigmundová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Badura
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Sigmund
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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30
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Guagliano JM, Armitage SM, Brown HE, Coombes E, Fusco F, Hughes C, Jones AP, Morton KL, van Sluijs EMF. A whole family-based physical activity promotion intervention: findings from the families reporting every step to health (FRESH) pilot randomised controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:120. [PMID: 32962724 PMCID: PMC7510101 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of FRESH (Families Reporting Every Step to Health), a theory-based child-led family physical activity (PA) intervention delivered online. We also assessed the preliminary effectiveness of the intervention on outcomes of interest and whether pre-specified criteria were met to progress to a full-scale definitive trial. Methods In a three-armed randomised pilot trial, 41 families (with a 7–11-year-old index child) were allocated to a: ‘family’ (FAM), ‘pedometer-only’ (PED), or a no-treatment control (CON) arm. The FAM arm received access to the FRESH website, allowing participants to select step challenges to ‘travel’ to target cities around the world, log their steps, and track progress as families virtually globetrot. FAM and PED arms also received family sets of pedometers. All family members could participate in the evaluation. Physical (e.g., fitness, blood pressure), psychosocial (e.g., social support), behavioural (e.g., objectively-measured PA), and economic (e.g., expenditure for PA) data were collected at baseline, 8- and 52-weeks. Results At 8- and 52-weeks, 98 and 88% of families were retained, respectively. Most children liked participating in the study (> 90%) and thought it was fun (> 80%). Compared to the PED (45%) and CON (39%) arms, a higher percentage of children in the FAM (81%) arm reported doing more activities with their family. Adults agreed that FRESH encouraged their family do more PA and made their family more aware of the amount of PA they do. No notable between-group differences were found for childrens’ minutes in moderate-to-vigorous PA. Sizeable changes of 9.4 (95%CI: 0.4, 18.4) and 15.3 (95%CI: 6.0, 24.5) minutes in moderate-to-vigorous PA was found for adults in the FAM group compared to those in the PED or CON groups, respectively. No other notable differences were found. Conclusion This study demonstrates feasibility and acceptability of the FRESH intervention. All progression criteria were at least partially satisfied. However, we failed to recruit the target sample size and did not find a signal of effectiveness on PA particularly long-term or in children. Further refinements are required to progress to a full-scale trial. Trial registration This study was prospectively registered (ISRCTN12789422) on 16/03/2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Guagliano
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sofie M Armitage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Elizabeth Brown
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Coombes
- Norwich Medical School and Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Francesco Fusco
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Hughes
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Jones
- Norwich Medical School and Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Katie L Morton
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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31
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Pombo A, Luz C, Rodrigues LP, Ferreira C, Cordovil R. Correlates of children's physical activity during the COVID-19 confinement in Portugal. Public Health 2020; 189:14-19. [PMID: 33126117 PMCID: PMC7508519 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to understand the role of household variables on the percentage of physical activity (%PA) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confinement in Portugal. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study design using an anonymous online survey was launched to assess how Portuguese families with children aged younger than 13 years adjusted their daily routines to the confinement. METHODS Separate analyses of variance were performed to investigate how factors such as the number of children, age, sex, the housing characteristics, and the adults' job situation can affect the percentage of time for PA (%PA). RESULTS Findings, based on data from 2159 children, indicate that (1) boys and girls did not differ in the %PA on any of the age-groups; (2) children with an outdoor space and who had other children in the household were significantly more active (P < .001); (3) children from families with all adults working from home showed lower levels of %PA; and (4) being younger, having a big outdoor space, having other children in the household, and having at least one adult free from working from home were significant positive predictors of children's %PA, explaining 21% of the overall variance. CONCLUSION Time allocated for PA during this period is reduced compared with what is usually reported on normal days. It is necessary to find strategies to increase children's PA, especially in families in which both parents are working and have no outdoor space.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pombo
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, 1499-002, Portugal; Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, Instituto Politecnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Portuga.
| | - C Luz
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, Instituto Politecnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Portuga
| | - L P Rodrigues
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, 4960-320, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Portugal
| | - C Ferreira
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, 1499-002, Portugal; UIDEF, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-013, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Cordovil
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, 1499-002, Portugal; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, 1499-002, Portugal
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Grant SJ, Beauchamp MR, Blanchard CM, Carson V, Gardner B, Warburton DER, Rhodes RE. Parents and children active together: a randomized trial protocol examining motivational, regulatory, and habitual intervention approaches. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1436. [PMID: 32957959 PMCID: PMC7507646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with many health benefits during childhood, and tracks into desirable PA patterns and health profiles in adulthood. Interventions designed to support these behaviours among young children are critical. Family-based interventions focusing on parent-child activities together (i.e., co-activity) among preschool-aged children are warranted. Targeting parental support practices can increase the frequency of co-activity, however interventions must move beyond merely building intention and planning skills for successful maintenance. Interventions designed to increase co-activity habit strength may facilitate the sustainability and thus impact child PA. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of three intervention conditions designed to increase child PA through co-activity: a standard education condition (information about benefits), a planning (action planning, coping planning) + education condition and a habit (context-dependent repetition from prompts and cues) + planning +education condition. Methods/design A longitudinal three-arm parallel design randomized trial will compare three conditions over six months. Families are eligible if they have at least one child between 3y and 5y that is not meeting 60mins/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The primary outcome (child MVPA) is assessed via accelerometry at baseline, six weeks, three months and six months (primary endpoint). Intervention materials targeting co-activity are delivered post baseline assessment, with booster sessions at six weeks and three months. Parental co-activity habit, parent-child co-activity and other behavioural constructs are also assessed via questionnaire at all measurement occasions. As tertiary outcomes, parental PA is measured via accelerometry and co-activity is measured via a Bluetooth-enabled proximity feature. A total of 106 families have been recruited thus far from the Greater Victoria region. The study is ongoing with a minimum target of 150 families and an anticipated recruitment completion date of August 2022. Discussion This protocol describes the implementation of a randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of a habit formation group compared with a planning group and an education only group to increase child PA through targeting parent-child co-activity. This information could prove useful in informing public health initiatives to promote PA among families with preschool-aged children. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov in February 2016, identifier NCT03055871.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina J Grant
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chris M Blanchard
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Room 205 Centre for Clinical Research, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1V7, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Burton L, Curran K, Foweather L. Formative Evaluation of Open Goals: A UK Community-Based Multi-Sport Family Programme. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7090119. [PMID: 32882912 PMCID: PMC7552749 DOI: 10.3390/children7090119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Community parks provide opportunities for physical activity (PA) and facilitate social interactions. This formative evaluation assesses the implementation of ‘Open Goals’ (OG), a novel multi-sport programme aiming to increase family PA and community cohesion, delivered weekly by Liverpool Football Club’s charitable foundation to local parks in Liverpool, North West England. Three Open Goals parks were chosen for the evaluation settings. Formative evaluation measures included: System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) observations (n = 10), direct session observations (n = 8), semi-structured interviews with Open Goals coaching staff (n = 3), and informal feedback from families (n = 5) about their experiences of Open Goals. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were applied to quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Within the three evaluation parks, Open Goals reached 107 participants from May–July 2019, through 423 session attendances. Fidelity of the programme was high (M = 69% of session content delivered as intended). Overall park use when OG was offered compared to when it was not offered was not statistically significant (p = 0.051), however, target area use was significantly increased (p = 0.001). Overall physical activity levels in parks were significantly (p = 0.002) higher when Open Goals was being offered, compared to when it was not. Coaches reported that engagement in OG positively affected family co-participation and children’s behavioural development. Contextual issues included environmental and social barriers to programme engagement, including the co-participation element of the programme and criticism of the marketing of OG. It is evident that community-based multi-sport PA programmes endorsed by professional football clubs are well positioned to connect with local communities in deprived areas and to encourage PA and community engagement. This study suggests that such programmes may have the ability to improve park usage in specific areas, along with improving physical activity levels among families, although further research is required. Effective marketing strategies are needed for promotional purposes. Upskilling of coaches in the encouragement of family co-participation may support regular family engagement in PA in local parks.
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Park JW, Hwang J, Lee CG, Ahn H, Kim H. The Impact of Parental Incarceration on Sport Participation Trajectories from Adolescence to Young Adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145229. [PMID: 32698398 PMCID: PMC7400655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given the potential negative effects of parental incarceration on millions of people, it is critical to examine the possible short- and long-term effects of parental incarceration on individuals. This study examines the effect of parental incarceration on the sports participation trajectories of children ranging from adolescence to young adulthood. Group-based trajectory models were set up using SAS analytics software to examine how parental incarceration affects the sports participation trajectories of children from adolescence to young adulthood. Data were drawn from the first four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health in the United States (N = 6504). Neither paternal nor maternal incarceration had any significant effect on the trajectories of male participants. On the other hand, females who experienced father incarceration were more likely to be in the low-stable versus high-decreasing group (coefficient = -0.721, p < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, we conclude that programs promoting sports participation are needed for females who have experienced paternal incarceration. The results of this study also suggest that group-based trajectory modeling is a useful technique to examine the trajectories of sports participation from adolescence through to young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Park
- Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education and Science, Woo-Suk University Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55338, Korea;
| | - Jongnam Hwang
- Division of Social Welfare & Health Administration, College of Social Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Chung Gun Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.G.L.); (H.A.)
| | - Hyoyeon Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.G.L.); (H.A.)
| | - Hanbeom Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (C.G.L.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-4484-0365
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Cohabiting and becoming a parent: associations with changes in physical activity in the 1970 British cohort study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1085. [PMID: 32650747 PMCID: PMC7353783 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the association between family–related life events (cohabitation/marriage and becoming a parent) and change in physical activity. Methods Longitudinal data (n = 8045) from the 1970 British Cohort Study (30 and 34 years) were included. Life events (beginning cohabitation/marriage and becoming a parent) were reported and coded: 0 no, 1 yes, for each event occurring between 30 and 34 years. Participants reported frequency of participation in leisure-time physical activity at 30 and 34 years (Likert scale: mean change calculated ranging between − 4 and 4). Linear regression models were used to examine the association between life events and physical activity change (comparing individuals experiencing events between 30 and 34 years versus never experiencing the event - excluding participants that experienced previous events – with a final analysis sample of n = 3833 in parenthood analysis; n = 1137 in cohabitation analysis). Interaction terms were used to analyse combined parenthood and cohabitation status. Analyses were adjusted for level of education achieved, ethnicity, country of origin and other life events. ANCOVA was used to examine associations between change in physical activity and child age. Results Compared to remaining without children, becoming a parent was associated with a greater reduction in physical activity among men [β:-0.234(95%CI:-0.396 to − 0.072)] but not women [0.126(− 0.048;0.301)]. No associations were found between cohabitation and physical activity. Men who became fathers both while cohabitating [− 0.201(− 0.383;-0.020)] and without cohabiting [− 0.937(− 1.623;-0.250)] experienced greater physical activity declines than those remaining single and without children; the decline was greatest among non-cohabiting fathers. These associations did not differ by child age. Conclusions Parenthood appears to differentially impact physical activity for men and women; this association also differs by cohabitation status. Parenthood appears to be most detrimental to physical activity levels among men. Interventions for physical activity could target new or soon-to-be parents, especially fathers. Further analyses with device-measured physical activity data would be valuable to advance understanding of these associations.
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Moore SA, Faulkner G, Rhodes RE, Brussoni M, Chulak-Bozzer T, Ferguson LJ, Mitra R, O'Reilly N, Spence JC, Vanderloo LM, Tremblay MS. Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: a national survey. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:85. [PMID: 32631350 PMCID: PMC7336091 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy childhood development is fostered through sufficient physical activity (PA; including time outdoors), limiting sedentary behaviours (SB), and adequate sleep; collectively known as movement behaviours. Though the COVID-19 virus outbreak has changed the daily lives of children and youth, it is unknown to what extent related restrictions may compromise the ability to play and meet movement behaviour recommendations. This secondary data analysis examined the immediate impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on movement and play behaviours in children and youth. Methods A national sample of Canadian parents (n = 1472) of children (5–11 years) or youth (12–17 years) (54% girls) completed an online survey that assessed immediate changes in child movement and play behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak. Behaviours included PA and play, SB, and sleep. Family demographics and parental factors that may influence movement behaviours were assessed. Correlations between behaviours and demographic and parental factors were determined. For open-ended questions, word frequency distributions were reported. Results Only 4.8% (2.8% girls, 6.5% boys) of children and 0.6% (0.8% girls, 0.5% boys) of youth were meeting combined movement behaviour guidelines during COVID-19 restrictions. Children and youth had lower PA levels, less outside time, higher SB (including leisure screen time), and more sleep during the outbreak. Parental encouragement and support, parental engagement in PA, and family dog ownership were positively associated with healthy movement behaviours. Although families spent less time in PA and more time in SB, several parents reported adopting new hobbies or accessing new resources. Conclusions This study provides evidence of immediate collateral consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak, demonstrating an adverse impact on the movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth. These findings can guide efforts to preserve and promote child health during the COVID-19 outbreak and crisis recovery period, and to inform strategies to mitigate potential harm during future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Moore
- Department of Therapeutic Recreation, Faculty of Child, Family, and Community Studies, Douglas College, 1250 Pinetree Way, Coquitlam, BC, V3B 7X3, Canada.,School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 0B3, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tala Chulak-Bozzer
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Leah J Ferguson
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B2, Canada
| | - Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ryerson University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Norm O'Reilly
- Gordon S. Lang School of Business and Economics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-153 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.
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Ha AS, Chan W, Ng JYY. Relation between Perceived Barrier Profiles, Physical Literacy, Motivation and Physical Activity Behaviors among Parents with a Young Child. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124459. [PMID: 32575873 PMCID: PMC7345247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: to reveal distinct subgroups of parents by their perception of 6 types of physical activity barriers and challenges (i.e., lack of time, poor health, lack of company, lack of facilities, childcare responsibility, lack of motivation), and examine its relation with related constructs. Design: cross-sectional survey data. Method: the sample consisted of 424 parents who had at least 1 child of primary school age. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify latent subgroups within participants. Group differences on physical literacy, autonomous motivation, and self-report physical activity (PA) levels were explored. Results: a four-profile solution was obtained from latent profile analysis, labelled as: “Struggling” (29.0%), “Family burden” (41.3%), “Lazy” (13.0%), and “Barriers free” (16.7%). The “Barriers free” profile experienced the least difficulties with physical activity, but the “Struggling” profile suffered the most severe barriers and challenges. “Family burden” and “Lazy” profiles demonstrated qualitative differences on one or two given challenges. Significant group differences on physical literacy, autonomous motivation, and PA levels were found, showing the “Barriers free” profile as the most robust and adaptive group of parents. Conclusions: the findings suggest that it is common for a substantial portion of parents to experience multiple barriers and challenges to a relatively high degree. Intervention on raising parent’s physical literacy to reduce barriers and sustain their motivation may be a target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Ha
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (W.C.); (J.Y.Y.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wai Chan
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (W.C.); (J.Y.Y.N.)
| | - Johan Y. Y. Ng
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (W.C.); (J.Y.Y.N.)
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Rhodes RE, Guerrero MD, Vanderloo LM, Barbeau K, Birken CS, Chaput JP, Faulkner G, Janssen I, Madigan S, Mâsse LC, McHugh TL, Perdew M, Stone K, Shelley J, Spinks N, Tamminen KA, Tomasone JR, Ward H, Welsh F, Tremblay MS. Development of a consensus statement on the role of the family in the physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours of children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:74. [PMID: 32539730 PMCID: PMC7296673 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and youth who meet the physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviour recommendations in the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines are more likely to have desirable physical and psychosocial health outcomes. Yet, few children and youth actually meet the recommendations. The family is a key source of influence that can affect lifestyle behaviours. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process used to develop the Consensus Statement on the Role of the Family in the Physical Activity, Sedentary, and Sleep Behaviours of Children and Youth (0-17 years) and present, explain, substantiate, and discuss the final Consensus Statement. METHODS The development of the Consensus Statement included the establishment of a multidisciplinary Expert Panel, completion of six reviews (three literature, two scoping, one systematic review of reviews), custom data analyses of Statistics Canada's Canadian Health Measures Survey, integration of related research identified by Expert Panel members, a stakeholder consultation, establishment of consensus, and the development of a media, public relations, communications and launch plan. RESULTS Evidence from the literature reviews provided substantial support for the importance of family on children's movement behaviours and highlighted the importance of inclusion of the entire family system as a source of influence and promotion of healthy child and youth movement behaviours. The Expert Panel incorporated the collective evidence from all reviews, the custom analyses, other related research identified, and stakeholder survey feedback, to develop a conceptual model and arrive at the Consensus Statement: Families can support children and youth in achieving healthy physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours by encouraging, facilitating, modelling, setting expectations and engaging in healthy movement behaviours with them. Other sources of influence are important (e.g., child care, school, health care, community, governments) and can support families in this pursuit. CONCLUSION Family is important for the support and promotion of healthy movement behaviours of children and youth. This Consensus Statement serves as a comprehensive, credible, and current synopsis of related evidence, recommendations, and resources for multiple stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N4 Canada
| | - Michelle D. Guerrero
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | | | - Kheana Barbeau
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A8 Canada
| | - Catherine S. Birken
- SickKids Research Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Louise C. Mâsse
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute / School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Tara-Leigh McHugh
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Megan Perdew
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3N4 Canada
| | | | - Jacob Shelley
- Faculty of Law & School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7 UK
| | - Nora Spinks
- The Vanier Institute of the Family, Ottawa, ON K2G 6B1 Canada
| | - Katherine A. Tamminen
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada
| | - Jennifer R. Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Helen Ward
- Kids First Parents Association of Canada, Burnaby, BC V5C 2H2 Canada
| | - Frank Welsh
- Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa, ON K1G 3Y6 Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
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Correlates of Parental Support of Child and Youth Physical Activity: a Systematic Review. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:636-646. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Physical Activity Coparticipation Among Parent-Young-Child Dyads. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2020; 32:132-139. [PMID: 32460242 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2019-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined patterns of physical activity coparticipation among parent-child (2-5 y) dyads. METHOD The dyads (N = 47; 51% mother-child) each wore a Bluetooth-enabled accelerometer for 8 days to measure physical activity and physical activity coparticipation. The parents completed demographic and self-reported family physical activity questionnaires. RESULTS The parent-child dyads spent 145 (79) minutes per day in-proximity according to the Bluetooth-enabled accelerometers. The majority (90%) of parent-child in-proximity time was spent with the parent and child engaged in some combination of sedentary or light activities. Child light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity was not associated with parent light (P = .12) or moderate to vigorous physical activity (P = .45), but was positively associated with parent-child in-proximity active minutes (light, moderate, and vigorous) (P < .01). Children in the highest tertile of parent-child physical activity coparticipation engaged in more daily moderate to vigorous physical activity compared with children in the lowest tertile (72.7 vs 50.3 min). There was a positive, statistically significant association between self-reported and objective measures of physical activity coparticipation (r = .47, P = .001). CONCLUSION Children who engaged in the most physical activity with their parent had the highest moderate to vigorous physical activity. Future studies should continue to provide contextual information about how parents and children spend their time together to improve family-based physical activity interventions.
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Motivational Climate Is Associated with Use of Video Games and Violence in Schoolchildren: A Structural Equation Model According to Healthy Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041272. [PMID: 32079182 PMCID: PMC7068263 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop an explanatory model of motivational climate, problematic use of videogames, violent behaviour and victimisation in schoolchildren. The sample included 734 children aged between 10 and 12 years of age from the province of Granada (Spain). A multi-group structural equation model was used, with an excellent fit (CFI = 0.964; NFI = 0.954; IFI = 0.964; RMSEA = 0.048). The results showed a positive relationship between the problematic use of video games, victimisation and violent behaviors, associating negatively with the task climate. Likewise, the task-oriented motivational climate was indirectly related to victimisation situations and violent behavior, while the ego climate did so positively with special emphasis on children who did not perform physical activity. As a main conclusion it is shown that adherence to the practice of physical activity, and particularly within a task-oriented motivational climate, can act as a protective factor against the problematic use of video games.
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van de Kolk I, Verjans-Janssen SRB, Gubbels JS, Kremers SPJ, Gerards SMPL. Systematic review of interventions in the childcare setting with direct parental involvement: effectiveness on child weight status and energy balance-related behaviours. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:110. [PMID: 31752917 PMCID: PMC6873502 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early years are a crucial period to promote healthy energy balance-related behaviours in children and prevent overweight and obesity. The childcare setting is important for health-promoting interventions. Increasingly, attention has been paid to parental involvement in childcare-based interventions. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions with direct parental involvement on the children's weight status and behavioural outcomes. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases to include studies up until January 2019. Studies written in English, describing results on relevant outcomes (weight status, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and/or nutrition-related behaviour) of childcare-based interventions with direct parental involvement were included. Studies not adopting a pre-post-test design or reporting on pilot studies were excluded. To improve comparability, effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated. Information on different types of environment targeted (e.g., social, physical, political and economic) was extracted in order to narratively examine potential working principles of effective interventions. RESULTS A total of 22 studies, describing 17 different interventions, were included. With regard to the intervention group, 61.1% found some favourable results on weight status, 73.3% on physical activity, 88.9% on sedentary behaviour, and all on nutrition-related behaviour. There were studies that also showed unfavourable results. Only a small number of studies was able to show significant differences between the intervention and control group (22.2% weight status, 60.0% physical activity, 66.6% sedentary behaviour, 76.9% nutrition behaviour). Effect sizes, if available, were predominantly small to moderate, with some exceptions with large effect sizes. The interventions predominantly targeted the socio-cultural and physical environments in both the childcare and home settings. Including changes in the political environment in the intervention and a higher level of intensity of parental involvement appeared to positively impact intervention effectiveness. CONCLUSION Childcare-based interventions with direct parental involvement show promising effects on the children's energy balance-related behaviours. However, evidence on effectiveness is limited, particularly for weight-related outcomes. Better understanding of how to reach and involve parents may be essential for strengthening intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. van de Kolk
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S. R. B. Verjans-Janssen
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J. S. Gubbels
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S. P. J. Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S. M. P. L. Gerards
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Predicting personal physical activity of parents during participation in a family intervention targeting their children. J Behav Med 2019; 43:209-224. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-019-00116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guagliano JM, Brown HE, Coombes E, Haines ES, Hughes C, Jones AP, Morton KL, van Sluijs E. Whole family-based physical activity promotion intervention: the Families Reporting Every Step to Health pilot randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030902. [PMID: 31662381 PMCID: PMC6830702 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Family-based physical activity (PA) interventions present a promising avenue to promote children's activity; however, high-quality experimental research is lacking. This paper describes the protocol for the FRESH (Families Reporting Every Step to Health) pilot trial, a child-led family-based PA intervention delivered online. METHODS AND ANALYSIS FRESH is a three-armed, parallel-group, randomised controlled pilot trial using a 1:1:1 allocation ratio with follow-up assessments at 8 and 52 weeks postbaseline. Families will be eligible if a minimum of one child in school Years 3-6 (aged 7-11 years) and at least one adult responsible for that child are willing to participate. Family members can take part in the intervention irrespective of their participation in the accompanying evaluation and vice versa.Following baseline assessment, families will be randomly allocated to one of three arms: (1) FRESH; (2) pedometer-only or (3) no-intervention control. All family members in the pedometer-only and FRESH arms receive pedometers and generic PA promotion information. FRESH families additionally receive access to the intervention website; allowing participants to select step challenges to 'travel' to target cities around the world, log steps and track progress as they virtually globetrot. Control families will receive no treatment. All family members will be eligible to participate in the evaluation with two follow-ups (8 and 52 weeks). Physical (eg, fitness and blood pressure), psychosocial (eg, social support) and behavioural (eg, objectively measured family PA) measures will be collected at each time point. At 8-week follow-up, a mixed methods process evaluation will be conducted (questionnaires and family focus groups) assessing acceptability of the intervention and evaluation. FRESH families' website engagement will also be explored. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee for the School of the Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Cambridge. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conferences and to participating families. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN12789422.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Guagliano
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Elizabeth Brown
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Coombes
- Norwich Medical School and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Haines
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Hughes
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Jones
- Norwich Medical School and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Katie L Morton
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Vosburgh K, Smith SR, Oldman S, Huedo-Medina T, Duffy VB. Pediatric-Adapted Liking Survey (PALS): A Diet and Activity Screener in Pediatric Care. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071641. [PMID: 31323759 PMCID: PMC6683261 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical settings need rapid yet useful methods to screen for diet and activity behaviors for brief interventions and to guide obesity prevention efforts. In an urban pediatric emergency department, these behaviors were screened in children and parents with the 33-item Pediatric-Adapted Liking Survey (PALS) to assess the reliability and validity of a Healthy Behavior Index (HBI) generated from the PALS responses. The PALS was completed by 925 children (average age = 11 ± 4 years, 55% publicly insured, 37% overweight/obese by Body Mass Index Percentile, BMI-P) and 925 parents. Child–parent dyads differed most in liking of vegetables, sweets, sweet drinks, and screen time. Across the sample, child and parent HBIs were variable, normally distributed with adequate internal reliability and construct validity, revealing two dimensions (less healthy—sweet drinks, sweets, sedentary behaviors; healthy—vegetables, fruits, proteins). The HBI showed criterion validity, detecting healthier indexes in parents vs. children, females vs. males, privately- vs. publicly-health insured, and residence in higher- vs. lower-income communities. Parent’s HBI explained some variability in child BMI percentile. Greater liking of sweets/carbohydrates partially mediated the association between low family income and higher BMI percentile. These findings support the utility of PALS as a dietary behavior and activity screener for children and their parents in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Vosburgh
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sharon R Smith
- CT Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, CT 06106 2, USA
| | - Samantha Oldman
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tania Huedo-Medina
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Guest Perceptions of Physical Activity Point-of-Decision Prompts at a Conservatory with Botanical Gardens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122074. [PMID: 31212788 PMCID: PMC6616916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-decision prompts are cost-effective strategies to promote physical activity in public spaces. This study explored how adult and child guests of a conservatory with botanical gardens perceived point-of-decision prompts that aimed to promote physical activity. Seven point-of-decision prompts were developed and displayed throughout the conservatory. Adult guests (n = 140) were invited to complete a voluntary and anonymous survey to assess awareness of point-of-decision prompts, adult-child interactions, and physical activity engagement. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS version 23. Sixty-one percent of guests (n = 86) who responded to the survey noticed the point-of-decision prompts. Over 65% (n = 56) of those guests completed at least one of the physical activities, and 53% (n = 46) completed one to three. Of guests attending with (a) child(ren) (n = 17) who completed the survey, over half (n = 9) engaged in at least one physical activity together. In sum, the point-of-decision prompts were noticed by some guests in this public space. More research is needed to determine whether point-of-decision prompts are able to lead to sustainable behavior change.
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Zurita-Ortega F, Badicu G, Chacón-Cuberos R, Castro-Sánchez M. Motivational Climate and Physical Activity: A Multigroup Analysis in Romanian and Spanish University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16112013. [PMID: 31195759 PMCID: PMC6604027 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motivational climate in sport is a psychosocial construct which is related with several factors, such as healthy habits and well-being, and is influenced by teachers, trainers, and parents. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between motivational climate, family functionality, and physical activity within a population of students from Spain and Romania. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of university students specialization: physical education (n = 605; 20.71 ± 2.42 years old), using the perceived motivational climate in sport questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), the physical activity questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A), and the family functionality scale (APGAR) as the main instruments. IBM SPSS Amos was used for data analysis in the structural equation model that was developed. RESULTS We observed positive relationships between task-oriented climate, family functionality, and the level of physical activity, showing higher regression weights for Spanish university students. Ego-oriented climate was negatively related to family functionality in Spanish university students, while this association was positive in Romanian students. Moreover, the relationship between physical activity and functional family was stronger in respondents from Spain. CONCLUSIONS It can be pointed out that a better family functionality can promote higher levels of physical activity and self-determined motivations in sports shown by task-oriented motivational climates. Thus, it is essential to take into account the influence of family in the promotion of healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motility, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500068 Brasov, Romania.
| | - Ramón Chacón-Cuberos
- Department of Research Methods and Diagnosis in Education, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Manuel Castro-Sánchez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Eck KM, Delaney CL, Olfert MD, Shelnutt KP, Byrd-Bredbenner C. "If my family is happy, then I am happy": Quality-of-life determinants of parents of school-age children. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119828535. [PMID: 30746145 PMCID: PMC6360638 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119828535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity is a public health concern for children and adults and effective obesity prevention programming is needed urgently. The effectiveness of health-related messaging and interventions is influenced by the way content is framed. HomeStyles is an obesity prevention program, which aims to promote health through the frame of improved quality of life. Methods: Thus, focus groups were conducted with English- and Spanish-speaking parents of school-aged children (ages 6–11) to identify key quality-of-life determinants as described by parents. Results: Parents (n = 158) reported that their quality of life was influenced by family happiness and parent and child health (e.g. adequate sleep, exercise, healthy diet). Many parents expressed that their busy schedules and lack of family time were detrimental to their quality of life. Work–life balance and financial stability were other factors commonly noted to impact quality of life. Spanish-speaking parents also reported being undocumented and feeling a lack of a sense of community negatively influenced their quality of life. Conclusion: Considering parent-defined quality-of-life determinants when framing health-related messaging and developing interventions may increase participant interest and ultimately improve health-related behaviors. Next steps in the HomeStyles project include using parent-reported quality-of-life determinants to guide the development of intervention materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Eck
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Colleen L Delaney
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Melissa D Olfert
- Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Karla P Shelnutt
- Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Guagliano JM, Brown HE, Coombes E, Hughes C, Jones AP, Morton KL, Wilson ECF, van Sluijs EMF. The development and feasibility of a randomised family-based physical activity promotion intervention: the Families Reporting Every Step to Health (FRESH) study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019; 5:21. [PMID: 30788135 PMCID: PMC6368737 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-019-0408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need for high-quality research aiming to increase physical activity in families. This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of FRESH (Families Reporting Every Step to Health), a child-led family-based physical activity intervention delivered online. Methods In a two-armed randomised feasibility study, 12 families (with an 8–10-year-old index child) were allocated to a ‘child-only’ (CO) or ‘family’ arm (FAM) of the theory-based FRESH intervention. Both received access to the FRESH website, allowing participants to select step challenges to ‘travel’ to target cities around the world, log their steps, and track their progress as they virtually globetrot. Only index children wore pedometers in CO; in FAM, all family members wore pedometers and worked towards collective goals. All family members were eligible to participate in the evaluation. Mixed-methods process evaluation (questionnaires and family focus groups) at 6-week follow-up consisted of completing questionnaires assessing acceptability of the intervention and accompanying effectiveness evaluation, focussed on physical (e.g. fitness, blood pressure), psychosocial (e.g. social support), and behavioural (e.g. objectively-measured family physical activity) measures. Results All families were retained (32 participants). Parents enjoyed FRESH and all children found it fun. More FAM children wanted to continue with FRESH, found the website easy to use, and enjoyed wearing pedometers. FAM children also found it easier to reach goals. Most CO families would have preferred whole family participation. Compared to CO, FAM exhibited greater website engagement as they travelled to more cities (36 ± 11 vs. 13 ± 8) and failed fewer challenges (1.5 ± 1 vs. 3 ± 1). Focus groups also revealed that most families wanted elements of competition. All children enjoyed being part of the evaluation, and adults disagreed that there were too many intervention measures (overall, 2.4 ± 1.3) or that data collection took too long (overall, 2.2 ± 1.1). Conclusion FRESH was feasible and acceptable to participating families; however, findings favoured the FAM group. Recruitment, intervention fidelity and delivery and some measurement procedures are particular areas that require further attention for optimisation. Testing the preliminary effectiveness of FRESH on family physical activity is a necessary next step. Trial registration This study was registered and given an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number (ISRCTN12789422). Registered 16 March 2016. http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12789422
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Guagliano
- 1MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Elizabeth Brown
- 1MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Coombes
- 2Norwich Medical School and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Claire Hughes
- 3Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andy P Jones
- 2Norwich Medical School and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Katie L Morton
- 1MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward C F Wilson
- 4Cambridge Centre for Health Services Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- 1MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Verjans-Janssen SRB, van de Kolk I, Van Kann DHH, Kremers SPJ, Gerards SMPL. Effectiveness of school-based physical activity and nutrition interventions with direct parental involvement on children's BMI and energy balance-related behaviors - A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204560. [PMID: 30261057 PMCID: PMC6160096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this systematic review were to study the effectiveness of primary school-based physical activity, sedentary behavior and nutrition interventions with direct parental involvement on children's BMI or BMI z-score, physical activity, sedentary behavior and nutrition behavior and categorize intervention components into targeted socio-cognitive determinants and environmental types using the Environmental Research framework for weight Gain prevention. METHODS In March 2018, a systematic search was conducted in four electronic literature databases. Articles written in English about effectiveness studies on school-based interventions with direct parental involvement targeting 4-12 year olds were included. Interventions with indirect parental involvement, interventions not targeting the school environment, and pilot studies were excluded. Study and intervention characteristics were extracted. Study quality and study effectiveness were assessed and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for the outcome measures. Types of socio-cognitive factors and environmental types targeted were distinguished. RESULTS In total, 25 studies were included. Most studies on BMI or BMI z-score, physical activity and sedentary behavior found favorable results: 61.1%, 81.1% and 75%, respectively. Results regarding nutrition behavior were inconclusive. Methodological study quality varied. All interventions targeted multiple environmental types in the school and family environment. Five targeted socio-cognitive determinants (knowledge, awareness, attitude, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation) of the children were identified. No consistent pattern was found between either type of environment targeted, number of type of environment targeted, or the child's targeted socio-cognitive determinants and intervention effectiveness. DISCUSSION School-based interventions with direct parental involvement have the potential to improve children's weight status, physical activity and sedentary behavior. Based on the results, it is recommended that school-based interventions with direct parental involvement target more than one EBRB, last at least one year, and focus particularly on the physical and social environment within both the school and the family environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha R. B. Verjans-Janssen
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona van de Kolk
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dave H. H. Van Kann
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stef P. J. Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne M. P. L. Gerards
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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