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Wu NQ, Li ZF, Lu MY, Li JJ. Monoclonal antibodies for dyslipidemia in adults: a focus on vulnerable patients groups. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38375817 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2321374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyslipidemia significantly contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Patients with lipid-rich vulnerable plaques are particularly susceptible to cardiovascular complications. Despite available lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs), challenges in effective lipid management remain. AREAS COVERED This article reviews monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy in dyslipidemia, particularly focusing on vulnerable plaques and patients. We have reviewed the definitions of vulnerable plaques and patients, outlined the efficacy of traditional LLTs, and discussed in-depth the mAbs targeting PCSK9. We extensively discuss the potential mechanisms, intracoronary imaging, and clinical evidence of PCSK9mAbs in vulnerable plaques and patients. A brief overview of promising mAbs targeting other targets such as ANGPTL3 is also provided. EXPERT OPINION Research consistently supports the potential of mAb therapies in treating adult dyslipidemia, particularly in vulnerable patients. PCSK9mAbs are effective in regulating lipid parameters, such as LDL-C and Lp(a), and exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties. These antibodies also maintain endothelial and smooth muscle health, contributing to the stabilization of vulnerable plaques and reduction in adverse cardiovascular events. Future research aims to further understand PCSK9 and other targets like ANGPTL3, focusing on vulnerable groups. Overall, mAbs are emerging as a promising and superior approach in dyslipidemia management and cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Qiong Wu
- Cardiometabolic Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Li
- Cardiometabolic Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Ying Lu
- Cardiometabolic Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Cardiometabolic Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Henson SE, Urbina EM. Use of lipid ratios to predict vascular target organ damage in youth. J Clin Lipidol 2024:S1933-2874(24)00022-9. [PMID: 38462388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated lipid levels are risk factors for early atherosclerosis. Lipid ratios have emerged as potentially stronger predictors of adverse cardiovascular changes and atherogenic cholesterol. Risk stratification in youth with obesity or type 2 diabetes may be improved by using lipid ratios. We sought to determine if lipid ratios would identify abnormalities in arterial structure and stiffness in adolescents and young adults. METHODS A total of 762 youth aged 10-24 years had laboratory, anthropometric, blood pressure, and carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness data collected. Subjects were stratified into tertiles (low, mid, high) of lipid ratios and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Vascular outcomes by tertile were assessed by analyses of variance. General linear models were constructed for each lipid value and included demographics, risk factors and vascular measures. Correlations between lipid markers, vascular measures, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size and number were conducted. RESULTS There was a progressive increase in arterial thickness and stiffness across all three lipid ratios and non-HDL-C. The triglyceride to HDL-C (TG/HDL-C) ratio remained an independent predictor of arterial thickness and stiffness after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors. TG/HDL-C had the highest correlations with arterial stiffness and small, dense LDL. CONCLUSIONS Arterial stiffness is increased in youth with high lipid ratios with TG/HDL-C being the most consistent marker of vascular changes. These data suggest that identification of high TG/HDL-C in these individuals may lead to earlier intervention to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Henson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center & the University of Cincinnati, USA (Drs Henson and Urbina).
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center & the University of Cincinnati, USA (Drs Henson and Urbina)
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Ma LY, Fan PC, Chen CY, Tu YR, Hsiao CC, Yen CL, Chang CH. Can Concurrent Fibrate Use Reduce Cardiovascular Risks among Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Statin Therapy? A Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 13:168. [PMID: 38202174 PMCID: PMC10779526 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of fibrates in treating hypertriglyceridemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been insufficiently investigated. Since statin is considered the first-line treatment for dyslipidemia in CKD patients, this study aims to evaluate the role of concurrent fibrate therapy with statins among moderate CKD patients. We recruited CKD3 patients from the Chang Gung Research Database who were receiving statin treatment but had not previously been administered ezetimibe or niacin. The participants were divided into two groups based on their use of fibrates (fibrate group) or those with triglyceride levels >200 mg/dL without fibrate treatment (non-fibrate group). The fibrate group (n = 954) only exhibited a significantly lower incidence of AMI (4.4% vs. 5.4%, HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.98). The risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (14.7% vs. 15.6%, HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.72 to 1.15) and all-cause mortality (5.7% vs. 6.1%, HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.63 to 1.30) did not significantly differ between the fibrate group and the non-fibrate group (n = 2358). In moderate CKD patients, combining fibrate therapy with statins may not offer additional cardiovascular protection compared to statin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yi Ma
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (L.-Y.M.); (P.-C.F.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.)
| | - Pei-Chun Fan
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (L.-Y.M.); (P.-C.F.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Yu Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (L.-Y.M.); (P.-C.F.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ran Tu
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (L.-Y.M.); (P.-C.F.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Chung Hsiao
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
- Department of Nephrology, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei 236017, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Li Yen
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (L.-Y.M.); (P.-C.F.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (L.-Y.M.); (P.-C.F.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
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Dong X, Han B, Huang W, Song Z, Huang N, Zhao Y, Feng S, Huang T. Association of TyG index with hypertension in Chinese adults: the China Health Examination Collaborative Study (CHEC Study). Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2023; 32:362-373. [PMID: 37789657 PMCID: PMC11090390 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202309_32(3).0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the association of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with hypertension and compare the discriminative power of the TyG index, lipid, glycemic parameters for hypertension using the China Health Examination Collaborative study (CHEC Study). METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Data were collected at Ningbo Mingzhou Hospital and Beijing physical examination center from the CHEC Study during 2014 and 2021. Participants with ≥2 medical check-up times were included. The TyG index is the logarithmized product of fasting triglyceride and glucose. Generalised estimation equation (GEE) model was used to evaluate the association between the TyG index, lipid parameters, glycemic parameters and hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to explore the predictive ability of TyG index on hypertension at different years of medical check-up. RESULTS 112,902 participants with an average age of 42.8 years were recruited in the study, 36,839 participants developed hypertension over the 8-year period. GEE model analysis showed that the ORs with 95% CI of hypertension were 3.35 (3.15-3.57), 1.86 (1.76-1.95), 1.67 (1.58-1.78), 1.45 (1.33-1.58), 1.24 (1.19-1.29), 0.92 (0.86-0.99), and 1.90 (1.83-1.97) in the highest versus lowest quintiles of TyG index, TG/HDL-C ratio, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and FPG in model 2. The area under the ROC curve of the overall years of medical check-up was signifi-cantly higher than a particular year in predicting hypertension (AUC: 0.883, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TyG index is associated with hypertension and shows the superior discriminative ability for hypertension compared with lipid and glycemic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Han
- Special Business Department, Beijing Physical Examination Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguang Huang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Ningbo Mingzhou Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zimin Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ninghao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Ningbo Mingzhou Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Academy for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Lee H, Ahn HJ, Park HE, Han D, Chang HJ, Chun EJ, Han HW, Sung J, Jung HO, Choi SY. The effect of non-optimal lipids on the progression of coronary artery calcification in statin-naïve young adults: results from KOICA registry. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1173289. [PMID: 37534276 PMCID: PMC10392939 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1173289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the importance of attaining optimal lipid levels from a young age to secure long-term cardiovascular health, the detailed impact of non-optimal lipid levels in young adults on coronary artery calcification (CAC) is not fully explored. We sought to investigate the risk of CAC progression as per lipid profiles and to demonstrate lipid optimality in young adults. Methods From the KOrea Initiative on Coronary Artery calcification (KOICA) registry that was established in six large volume healthcare centers in Korea, 2,940 statin-naïve participants aged 20-45 years who underwent serial coronary calcium scans for routine health check-ups between 2002 and 2017 were included. The study outcome was CAC progression, which was assessed by the square root method. The risk of CAC progression was analyzed according to the lipid optimality and each lipid parameter. Results In this retrospective cohort (mean age, 41.3 years; men 82.4%), 477 participants (16.2%) had an optimal lipid profile, defined as triglycerides <150 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl, and HDL cholesterol >60 mg/dl. During follow-up (median, 39.7 months), CAC progression was observed in 434 participants (14.8%), and more frequent in the non-optimal lipid group (16.5% vs. 5.7%; p < 0.001). Non-optimal lipids independently increased the risk of CAC progression [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.97; p = 0.025], in a dose-dependent manner. Even in relatively low-risk participants with an initial calcium score of zero (aHR, 2.13; p = 0.014), in their 20 s or 30 s (aHR 2.15; p = 0.041), and without other risk factors (aHR 1.45; p = 0.038), similar results were demonstrable. High triglycerides had the greatest impact on CAC progression in this young adult population. Conclusion Non-optimal lipid levels were significantly associated with the risk of CAC progression in young adults, even at low-risk. Screening and intervention for non-optimal lipid levels, particularly triglycerides, from an early age might be of clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Han
- Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Division of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Heartscan Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jidong Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Stroke and Vascular Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ok Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wan N, Li Z, Seong M, Zhang K, Niu W, Wu R, Chen SL. Sensing of triglyceride concentration in blood solution using photoacoustic microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3769-3772. [PMID: 37450746 DOI: 10.1364/ol.485194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The level of triglyceride (TG) in blood is essential to human health, and hypertriglyceridemia (TG level > 150 mg/dL) would lead to cardiovascular disease and acute pancreatitis that threaten human life. Routine methods for measuring the TG level in blood depend on a lipid panel blood test, which is invasive and not convenient. Here, we use photoacoustic (PA) microscopy to test the PA amplitude of blood solutions (based on hemoglobin powder as well as flowing sheep blood) with different TG concentrations. Interestingly, we observe that the PA amplitude increases with increasing TG concentration in blood solutions, which is attributed to the increase of the Grüneisen coefficient. The preliminary in vitro study shows that the PA methodology is able to detect the TG level down to 450 mg/dL. This finding provides an opportunity for using photoacoustics to noninvasively diagnose hypertriglyceridemia.
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Liu Y, Croft KD, Mori TA, Gaspari TA, Kemp-Harper BK, Ward NC. Long-term dietary nitrate supplementation slows the progression of established atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice fed a high fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1845-1857. [PMID: 36853380 PMCID: PMC10195750 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is associated with a reduction in the bioavailability and/or bioactivity of endogenous nitric oxide (NO). Dietary nitrate has been proposed as an alternate source when endogenous NO production is reduced. Our previous study demonstrated a protective effect of dietary nitrate on the development of atherosclerosis in the apoE-/- mouse model. However most patients do not present clinically until well after the disease is established. The aims of this study were to determine whether chronic dietary nitrate supplementation can prevent or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis after disease is already established, as well as to explore the underlying mechanism of these cardiovascular protective effects. METHODS 60 apoE-/- mice were given a high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to allow for the development of atherosclerosis. The mice were then randomized to (i) control group (HFD + 1 mmol/kg/day NaCl), (ii) moderate-dose group (HFD +1 mmol/kg/day NaNO3), or (iii) high-dose group (HFD + 10 mmol/kg/day NaNO3) (20/group) for a further 12 weeks. A group of apoE-/- mice (n = 20) consumed a normal laboratory chow diet for 24 weeks and were included as a reference group. RESULTS Long-term supplementation with high dose nitrate resulted in ~ 50% reduction in plaque lesion area. Collagen expression and smooth muscle accumulation were increased, and lipid deposition and macrophage accumulation were reduced within atherosclerotic plaques of mice supplemented with high dose nitrate. These changes were associated with an increase in nitrite reductase as well as activation of the endogenous eNOS-NO pathway. CONCLUSION Long-term high dose nitrate significantly attenuated the progression of established atherosclerosis in the apoE-/- mice fed a HFD. This appears to be mediated in part through a XOR-dependent reduction of nitrate to NO, as well as enhanced eNOS activation via increased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Tracey A. Gaspari
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Barbara K. Kemp-Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Natalie C. Ward
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, University of Western Australia, G.P.O Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847 Australia
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Saud A, Ali N, Gali F, Qassam H, Hadi NR. The effect of evolocumab alone and in combination with atorvastatin on atherosclerosis progression and TLRs expression. J Med Life 2023; 16:759-765. [PMID: 37520489 PMCID: PMC10375357 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolocumab, a PCSK-9 inhibitor, is known for its ability to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This study aimed to investigate the effects of evolocumab, alone or in combination with atorvastatin, on the progression of atherosclerosis. Fifty male domestic rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups: control, high cholesterol diet, evolocumab vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO), evolocumab alone, and evolocumab plus atorvastatin. Serum levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-17, IL-1β, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), and vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM) were measured. Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression on monocytes was evaluated using flow cytometry. Histopathological examination and measurement of intimal thickness (IT) were also conducted. The results revealed that the evolocumab produced a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in lipid profile at 5 weeks, with the peak effect occurring at 10 weeks. Furthermore, the inhibitor reduced TLRs at 10 weeks to 10.83±1.8 and intimal thickness to 160.66±9.45. IL-17, IL-1β, ICAM, and VCAM were significantly reduced by evolocumab treatment, with the improvement of the histopathological changes in the aortic wall. The combination of evolocumab and atorvastatin caused a more statistically significant reduction in TLRs at 10 weeks to 5.08±1.2 and intimal thickness to 121.79±5.3. IL-17, IL-1β, ICAM, and VCAM were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by the combination, and the histopathological changes in the aortic wall were significantly improved. In conclusion, evolocumab delays the progression of atherosclerosis by modulating inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Nabeel Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq
| | - Fadhil Gali
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Heider Qassam
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Najah Rayish Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology &Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
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Park KY, Hong S, Kim KS, Han K, Park CY. Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study. J Lipid Atheroscler 2023; 12:201-212. [PMID: 37265850 PMCID: PMC10232222 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the longitudinal trends in prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in Korean adults and hypertriglyceridemia-associated lifestyle habits, socioeconomic factors and comorbidities. Methods Data from the 2007-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used in this study. Two cutoff values (≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL) for fasting serum triglyceride levels were used to estimate the age- and sex-specific prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. Use of lipid-lowering medications, lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and regular exercise, socioeconomic variables such as educational attainment and household income, and comorbidities such as obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were also investigated. Results The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among Koreans based on KNHANES 2007-2020 was 29.6% at ≥150 mg/dL and 16.1% at ≥200 mg/dL. While the rate of using lipid-lowering medications increased steadily from 2007 to 2020, changes in annual prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia were subtle. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in men peaked in middle age (47.7% and 30.0% for ≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL, respectively, in their 40s), but its prevalence in women increased throughout their lifetime (32.6% and 14.7% for ≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL, respectively, in their 70s). Smoking and high-risk drinking exacerbated peak prevalence in both sexes. Young adults with any comorbidities had prominently increased prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. The lowest levels of education and income were both associated with the higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in both sexes. Conclusion It is important to understand the age- and sex-specific epidemiology of hypertriglyceridemia to establish its appropriate management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Yeung Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangmo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Replacing Fish Meal with Hydrolyzed Collagen Derived from Fish By-Products Improved Muscle Quality and Glycolipid Metabolism of Triploid Crucian Carp. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061235. [PMID: 36981161 PMCID: PMC10048121 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish by-products are rich in collagen. Hydrolyzed collagen derived from fish by-products was used to replace fish meal to evaluate the effects on muscle quality and glycolipid metabolism of juvenile triploid crucian carp. A total of 240 juvenile fish with body weight of 10.01 ± 0.02 g were divided into four groups and fed four diets for 66 days: fish meal (FM) replaced with hydrolyzed collagen (HC) in 0% (Control), 2% (2% HC), 4% (4% HC), and 6% (6% HC), respectively. The results were as follows: The increased proportion of fish meal replaced with hydrolyzed collagen linearly and quadratically decreased the specific growth rate (SGR) of triploid crucian carp (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the SGR and intestinal α-amylase, trypsin and lipase activities in the 4% and 6% HC groups significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the control and 2% HC groups (p > 0.05). Total umami amino acids content, chewiness and myofiber density of muscle in the 4% and 6% HC groups, as well as the essential fatty acids content in all HC groups increased significantly (p < 0.05). All HC groups significantly increased the serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and decreased the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p < 0.05). When the replacement amount reached 4%, the serum glucose and liver glycogen content, the liver and serum triglyceride (TG) content, and serum total cholesterol (T-CHO) content were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) of the liver in all HC groups and lipolysis-related genes (lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT 1) and hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HADH)) of the liver in the 6% of HC group increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the expression levels of lipogenesis-related genes (fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP 1)) of the liver in the 4% HC and 6% HC groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the replacement of 2% fish meal with hydrolyzed collagen had no negative effects on the growth of triploid crucian carp, while the replacement of 4% fish meal with hydrolyzed collagen decreased SGR, but improved the muscle quality and decreased glycolipid levels. The maximum proportion of hydrolyzed collagen replacing fish meal should not exceed 4%.
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Liu IF, Lin TC, Wang SC, Yen CH, Li CY, Kuo HF, Hsieh CC, Chang CY, Chang CR, Chen YH, Liu YR, Lee TY, Huang CY, Hsu CH, Lin SJ, Liu PL. Long-term administration of Western diet induced metabolic syndrome in mice and causes cardiac microvascular dysfunction, cardiomyocyte mitochondrial damage, and cardiac remodeling involving caveolae and caveolin-1 expression. Biol Direct 2023; 18:9. [PMID: 36879344 PMCID: PMC9987103 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term consumption of an excessive fat and sucrose diet (Western diet, WD) has been considered a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease. Caveolae and caveolin-1 (CAV-1) proteins are involved in lipid transport and metabolism. However, studies investigating CAV-1 expression, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction caused by MS, are limited. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression of CAV-1 and abnormal lipid accumulation in the endothelium and myocardium in WD-induced MS, and the occurrence of myocardial microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction, myocardial mitochondrial remodeling, and damage effects on cardiac remodeling and cardiac function. METHODS We employed a long-term (7 months) WD feeding mouse model to measure the effect of MS on caveolae/vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO) formation, lipid deposition, and endothelial cell dysfunction in cardiac microvascular using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay. CAV-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and interaction were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunostaining. Cardiac mitochondrial shape transition and damage, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) disruption, cardiac function change, caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway activation, and cardiac remodeling were examined using TEM, echocardiography, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot assay. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that long-term WD feeding caused obesity and MS in mice. In mice, MS increased caveolae and VVO formation in the microvascular system and enhanced CAV-1 and lipid droplet binding affinity. In addition, MS caused a significant decrease in eNOS expression, vascular endothelial cadherin, and β-catenin interactions in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, accompanied by impaired vascular integrity. MS-induced endothelial dysfunction caused massive lipid accumulation in the cardiomyocytes, leading to MAM disruption, mitochondrial shape transition, and damage. MS promoted brain natriuretic peptide expression and activated the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway, leading to cardiac dysfunction in mice. CONCLUSION MS resulted in cardiac dysfunction, remodeling by regulating caveolae and CAV-1 expression, and endothelial dysfunction. Lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity caused MAM disruption and mitochondrial remodeling in cardiomyocytes, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan.,Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112401, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Fu Kuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chao Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Rung Chang
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 413305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Lee
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112201, Taiwan. .,Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan. .,Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112401, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan. .,Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.
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12
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Mengozzi A, Pugliese NR, Desideri G, Masi S, Angeli F, Barbagallo CM, Bombelli M, Cappelli F, Casiglia E, Cianci R, Ciccarelli M, Cicero AFG, Cirillo M, Cirillo P, Dell’Oro R, D’Elia L, Ferri C, Galletti F, Gesualdo L, Giannattasio C, Grassi G, Iaccarino G, Lippa L, Mallamaci F, Maloberti A, Masulli M, Mazza A, Muiesan ML, Nazzaro P, Palatini P, Parati G, Pontremoli R, Quarti-Trevano F, Rattazzi M, Reboldi G, Rivasi G, Russo E, Salvetti M, Tikhonoff V, Tocci G, Ungar A, Verdecchia P, Viazzi F, Volpe M, Borghi C, Virdis A. Serum Uric Acid Predicts All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Independently of Hypertriglyceridemia in Cardiometabolic Patients without Established CV Disease: A Sub-Analysis of the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020244. [PMID: 36837863 PMCID: PMC9959524 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High serum uric acid (SUA) and triglyceride (TG) levels might promote high-cardiovascular risk phenotypes across the cardiometabolic spectrum. However, SUA predictive power in the presence of normal and high TG levels has never been investigated. We included 8124 patients from the URic acid Right for heArt Health (URRAH) study cohort who were followed for over 20 years and had no established cardiovascular disease or uncontrolled metabolic disease. All-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) were explored by the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox multivariable regression, adopting recently defined SUA cut-offs for ACM (≥4.7 mg/dL) and CVM (≥5.6 mg/dL). Exploratory analysis across cardiometabolic subgroups and a sensitivity analysis using SUA/serum creatinine were performed as validation. SUA predicted ACM (HR 1.25 [1.12-1.40], p < 0.001) and CVM (1.31 [1.11-1.74], p < 0.001) in the whole study population, and according to TG strata: ACM in normotriglyceridemia (HR 1.26 [1.12-1.43], p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (1.31 [1.02-1.68], p = 0.033), and CVM in normotriglyceridemia (HR 1.46 [1.23-1.73], p < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (HR 1.31 [0.99-1.64], p = 0.060). Exploratory and sensitivity analyses confirmed our findings, suggesting a substantial role of SUA in normotriglyceridemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In conclusion, we report that SUA can predict ACM and CVM in cardiometabolic patients without established cardiovascular disease, independent of TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: or or ; Tel.:+39-05-099-2558
| | | | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Angeli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institutes, IRCCS Tradate, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Bombelli
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Federica Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Casiglia
- Studium Patavinum, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Rosario Cianci
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Department Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Heart-Chest-Vascular Department, IRCCS AOU of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Cirillo
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Cirillo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Dell’Oro
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Lanfranco D’Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Giannattasio
- Cardiology IV, “A.De Gasperi’s” Department, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Lippa
- Italian Society of General Medicine (SIMG), 67051 Avezzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Cal Unit, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maloberti
- Cardiology IV, “A.De Gasperi’s” Department, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Maria Della Misericordia General Hospital, AULSS 5 Polesana, 45100 Rovigo, Italy
| | - Maria Lorenza Muiesan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Nazzaro
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Palatini
- Studium Patavinum, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pontremoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa; IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fosca Quarti-Trevano
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marcello Rattazzi
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, Medicina Interna 1°, Ca’ Foncello University Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Reboldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Rivasi
- Department of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Russo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa; IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Salvetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Giuliano Tocci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ungar
- Department of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa; IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Heart-Chest-Vascular Department, IRCCS AOU of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Eun Y, Han K, Lee SW, Kim K, Kang S, Lee S, Cha HS, Koh EM, Kim H, Lee J. Increased risk of incident gout in young men with metabolic syndrome: A nationwide population-based cohort study of 3.5 million men. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1010391. [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1010391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTo date, few studies have focused on risk factors for gout in young people, and large-scale studies on the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and gout are lacking. We aimed to investigate the association between gout and MetS in a large nationwide population-based cohort of young men who participated in national health examination.Materials and methodsCohort included men aged 20–39 years who participated in a health check-up in 2009–2012. A total of 3,569,104 subjects was included in the study, excluding those who had a previous diagnosis of gout or had renal impairment. The outcome was the occurrence of gout, which was defined using the diagnosis code of gout in the claims database. Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the association between MetS and incident gout.ResultsMean follow-up duration was 7.35 ± 1.24 years and the incidence rate of gout was 3.36 per 1,000 person-years. The risk of gout in subjects with MetS was 2.4-fold higher than subjects without MetS. Among the components of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia and abdominal obesity showed the greatest association with gout. As the number of MetS components increased, the risk of gout increased. The association between gout and MetS was more pronounced in relatively young subjects and in low- or normal-weight subjects.ConclusionMetabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for the gout in young men. In particular, the association between MetS and gout was greater in young and non-obese men. Management of MetS in young men will be important for future gout prevention.
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Rıfkı Çora A, Çelik E. Relationship between peripheral arterial disease severity determined by the Glass classification and triglyceride-glucose index; novel association and novel classification system. INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA 2022. [DOI: 10.54817/ic.v63n4a04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease is a serious clinical manifestation caused by atherosclerosis. It is one common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is commonly seen in males, and its (prevelance) increases with age. It is most prevalent with smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlip-idemia. Novel studies investigate the relationship between triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and cardiovascular diseases. Studies investigating the association of this index and peripheral arterial disease and disease severity are generally done by using The Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) classification. We aimed to study this association by using the new Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) classification. Two hundred patients between 25 to 90 years old diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease and admitted to the hospital for peripheral arterial angiography between July 2021 and December 2021, were evaluated retrospectively with blood parameters and angiographic images. Patients were divided into two groups: moderate (group 1; n=58) and severe (group 2; n=142) according to the GLASS classification. No statistical differences were observed for comorbidities and repeated interventional pro-cedure rates (p=0.164). Triglyceride values were found to be statistically dif-ferent between groups (p=0.040). TyG was found higher in group 2 (p= 0.04). According to the binary logistic regression model, only TyG was found to have a significant effect as a diagnostic factor (p=0.011). TyG was also significantly correlated with the Rutherford (p=0.012) and GLASS classification severity (p<0.001). Peripheral arterial disease and disease severity could be easily moni-tored with simple calculable TyG. In this way, precautions could be taken, and morbidities could be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Rıfkı Çora
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Isparta City Hospital, Isparta; Turkey
| | - Ersin Çelik
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Isparta City Hospital, Isparta; Turkey
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15
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Zhou H, Ding X, Yang Q, Chen S, Li Y, Zhou X, Wu S. Associations of Hypertriglyceridemia Onset Age With Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Adults: A Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026632. [PMID: 36250656 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Limited studies have involved new-onset hypertriglyceridemia, and this study was to evaluate the associations of hypertriglyceridemia onset age with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Methods and Results This population-based prospective study enrolled 98 779 participants free of hypertriglyceridemia and CVD at baseline in the Kailuan study initiated in June 2006. All participants underwent health checkups biennially until December 2017, and a total of 13 832 participants developed new hypertriglyceridemia. A 1:1 age- (±1 year) and sex-matched analysis was applied to select control subject of the same year for each new-onset case. There were 13 056 case-control pairs included. The total follow-up time was 179 409 person-years, with a median follow-up time of 7.0 years. Primary outcomes were CVD and all-cause mortality, and hazard ratios were estimated after adjustment for baseline characteristics. A total of 807 incident CVD events and 600 all-cause mortality events were documented. After multivariable adjustment, participants with hypertriglyceridemia onset age <45 years had the highest risk compared with matched controls, with hazard ratios of 2.61 (95% CI, 1.59-4.27) for CVD, 4.69 (95% CI, 2.34-9.40) for all-cause mortality, 2.23 (95% CI, 0.67-7.38) for myocardial infarction, and 2.68 (95% CI, 1.56-4.62) for stroke. The risk estimates gradually decreased with each decade increase in the onset age of hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusions Among Chinese adults, hypertriglyceridemia identified at an earlier onset age was associated with higher risks for CVD and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Xiangya School of Nursing Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xiong Ding
- School of Public Health Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology Kailuan General Hospital Tangshan China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Public Health Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology Kailuan General Hospital Tangshan China
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ÖZBİÇER S, YÜKSEL G, Deniz URGUN Ö. Triglyceride glucose index is independently associated with aortic intima-media thickness in patients without known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2022; 19:14791641221136203. [PMID: 36270638 PMCID: PMC9597021 DOI: 10.1177/14791641221136203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable marker of insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and aortic intima-media thickness (IMT) in individuals without diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease undergoing transoesophageal echocardiography due to suspected structural heart disease.Methods: One hundred twenty-two patients enrolled in the study between January 2021 and June 2021. Patients were divided into two groups according to their median IMT; patients with an IMT equal to or less than 1.42 mm were low IMT group, and higher than 1.42 mm were high IMT group. Triglyceride-glucose index were higher in the high IMT group (8.69 ± 0.59 vs. 8.37 ± 0.53, p = .003).Results: Triglyceride-glucose index was correlated with IMT (r = 0.259, p = .005) and in binary logistic regression analysis age and TyG was independently associated with having high IMT (β = 0.076, exp(B)=1.079 95%CI = 1.041-1.118, p < .001 and β = 0.847, exp(B)= 2.334 95%CI= 1.048-5.199, p = .038, respectively).Conclusion: We found an independent relationship between TyG and IMT of the thoracic aorta, an early marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients without known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Therefore, the TyG index can identify high-risk subjects in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman ÖZBİÇER
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Adana
City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
- Süleyman ÖZBİÇER, Department of Cardiology,
University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Mithat
Özsan Bulvarı Kışla Mah. 4522 Sok. No:1, 01230, Yüreğir/ADANA, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Gülhan YÜKSEL
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Adana
City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Örsan Deniz URGUN
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Adana
City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
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Kim MK, Han K, Kim HS, Yoon KH, Lee SH. Lipid cutoffs for increased cardiovascular disease risk in nondiabetic young people. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:1866-1877. [PMID: 35816409 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The relevance of blood lipid abnormalities to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young populations is unclear. Here, we aimed to identify the cutoff levels of lipid parameters for increased risk of CVD among nondiabetic young adults aged 20-39 years. METHODS Using data from a nationally representative Korean National Health Insurance System database, we followed up 6,204,153 subjects who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2012 until the end of 2018. The primary outcome was incident CVD, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction and stroke. We assessed the associations between pre-specified lipid levels and CVD risk. Subgroup analysis of the number of cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, and current smoking) was also conducted. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.7 years, there were 14,569 (0.23%) cases of myocardial infarction, 9,459 (0.15%) cases of stroke, and 23,680 (0.38%) cases of composite CVD. Using total cholesterol (TC) level of <140 mg/dL, triglyceride (TG) level of <60 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol level of <100 mg/dL, and non-HDL-cholesterol level of <130 mg/dL as reference groups, a significantly higher risk of CVD was observed in subjects with a TC level of ≥200 mg/dL, TG level of ≥60 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol level of ≥130 mg/dL, or non-HDL-cholesterol level of ≥140 mg/dL. The cutoff levels of TC that had statistical significance for increased risk of CVD were 240, 220, and 200 mg/dL in subjects with 0, 1, or 2-3 risk factors, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Even modest increases in lipid levels were associated with increased risk of CVD in this nondiabetic young population. Our data provide potential criteria for stratifying CVD risk based on real-world evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Kyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 07040, Korea
| | - Hun Sung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Kun Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Franko A, Irmler M, Prehn C, Heinzmann SS, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Adamski J, Beckers J, von Kleist-Retzow JC, Wiesner R, Häring HU, Heni M, Birkenfeld AL, de Angelis MH. Bezafibrate Reduces Elevated Hepatic Fumarate in Insulin-Deficient Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030616. [PMID: 35327418 PMCID: PMC8945094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucotoxic metabolites and pathways play a crucial role in diabetic complications, and new treatment options which improve glucotoxicity are highly warranted. In this study, we analyzed bezafibrate (BEZ) treated, streptozotocin (STZ) injected mice, which showed an improved glucose metabolism compared to untreated STZ animals. In order to identify key molecules and pathways which participate in the beneficial effects of BEZ, we studied plasma, skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver samples using non-targeted metabolomics (NMR spectroscopy), targeted metabolomics (mass spectrometry), microarrays and mitochondrial enzyme activity measurements, with a particular focus on the liver. The analysis of muscle and WAT demonstrated that STZ treatment elevated inflammatory pathways and reduced insulin signaling and lipid pathways, whereas BEZ decreased inflammatory pathways and increased insulin signaling and lipid pathways, which can partly explain the beneficial effects of BEZ on glucose metabolism. Furthermore, lysophosphatidylcholine levels were lower in the liver and skeletal muscle of STZ mice, which were reverted in BEZ-treated animals. BEZ also improved circulating and hepatic glucose levels as well as lipid profiles. In the liver, BEZ treatment reduced elevated fumarate levels in STZ mice, which was probably due to a decreased expression of urea cycle genes. Since fumarate has been shown to participate in glucotoxic pathways, our data suggests that BEZ treatment attenuates the urea cycle in the liver, decreases fumarate levels and, in turn, ameliorates glucotoxicity and reduces insulin resistance in STZ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core (MPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Silke S. Heinzmann
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.S.H.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (S.S.H.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen-Christoph von Kleist-Retzow
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (J.-C.v.K.-R.); (R.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (J.-C.v.K.-R.); (R.W.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Köln, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Heni
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.F.); (H.-U.H.); (M.H.); (A.L.B.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.I.); (J.A.)
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3187-3302
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Lewis GF, Hegele RA. Effective, disease-modifying, clinical approaches to patients with mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridaemia. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022; 10:142-148. [PMID: 34922644 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma triglyceride concentration is easily, inexpensively, and accurately measured, and when elevated is a highly informative disease marker that identifies individuals who frequently have a host of underlying metabolic, inflammatory, and atherogenic risk factors. Although this concept aligns with much that has been discussed regarding the metabolic syndrome, individuals identified with mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridaemia on a screening lipid profile are not necessarily recognised as having features of the metabolic syndrome and frequently do not receive definitive, meaningful, disease-modifying therapy. This treatment would include (1) lifestyle modification; (2) LDL-lowering therapies to aggressively treat elevated apolipoprotein B-containing particles; (3) antihypertensive therapies that have optimal therapeutic profiles for those individuals with metabolic syndrome; (4) icosapent ethyl for those individuals at high risk, particularly patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who have residual hypertriglyceridaemia despite treatment with appropriate LDL-lowering therapies; (5) preferential use of cardiovascular protective diabetes therapies, in individuals with diabetes; and (6) antithrombotic therapies for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the context of high vascular disease risk and diabetes. Several emerging therapies, such as novel weight reducing, anti-inflammatory, lipid-modifying therapies, and therapies targeting the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, could also soon enter the clinical arena for patients with mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridaemia and associated metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary F Lewis
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, and The Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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20
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Chen C, Kang M, Wang Q, Liu W, Yang M, Liang S, Xiang Q, Han X, Tao J. Combination of Anoectochilus roxburghii Polysaccharide and Exercise Ameliorates Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Obese Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:735501. [PMID: 34692748 PMCID: PMC8531120 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.735501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders that threatens public health. Nevertheless, its exact mechanism and relative intervention remain largely obscure. Accumulating evidence indicate that tither Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide (ARP) or exercise (EX) exhibited the beneficial effects on metabolic health. However, the synergetic beneficial effects of ARP and EX as a combined intervention on obesity-induced metabolic disorders remain largely obscure. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and intervened with ARP and EX for 12 continuous weeks. The results indicated that the ARP, EX, and ARP combined with EX treatment group regulated lipogenesis by suppressing the fatty acid pathway, dampening the system oxidative stress by stimulating Nrf2-mediated phase II enzyme system, and promoting the mitochondrial function by activating the mitochondrial complexes and PGC-1α in HFD mice. More importantly, the combination of ARP and EX showed an even greater beneficial effects relative to either ARP or EX alone, especially in decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Taken together, these findings further confirmed that ARP and EX could be effective interventions on obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities, and that the combination of ARP and EX exhibited the beneficial synergetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meisong Kang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiaowen Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Xiang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Abstract
Dyslipidaemias are alterations to the plasma lipid profile that are often associated with clinical conditions. Dyslipidaemias, particularly elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol levels, are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, but some forms, such as hypertriglyceridaemia, are associated with severe diseases in other organ systems, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and acute pancreatitis. Dyslipidaemias can be genetically determined (primary or familial dyslipidaemias) or secondary to other conditions (such as diabetes mellitus, obesity or an unhealthy lifestyle), the latter being more common. Hypercholesterolaemia is the most common form of dyslipidaemia and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol levels being the 15th leading risk factor for death in 1990, rising to 11th in 2007 and 8th in 2019. The global burden of dyslipidaemias has increased over the past 30 years. Furthermore, the combination of high triglyceride levels and low HDL-cholesterol levels (together with the presence of small, dense LDL particles), referred to as atherogenic dyslipidaemia, is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome and increases their risk of cardiovascular disease. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide, treating lipid abnormalities in these patients might reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Li F, Du X, He L, Jiang C, Xia S, Ma C, Dong J. Relationship between serum lipid levels and ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nested case-control study based on the China Atrial Fibrillation Registry. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:424. [PMID: 34496759 PMCID: PMC8425053 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for acute ischemic stroke. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted among patients diagnosed with AF, whose information was acquired from the prospective China Atrial Fibrillation Registry (China-AF), from August 2011 to December 2018. RESULTS This study compared patients with stroke group (n = 145) with a matched control group (n = 577). Demographic data were similar except for body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) which were higher, and new oral anticoagulant (NOAC) treatment rate which was lower in the stroke group (all P < 0.05). Baseline median [IQR] levels of including triglyceride (TG) were higher in the stroke group (21.96 [16.74, 21.52], mg/dL) than the control group (19.62 [14.76, 27.36], mg/dL) (P = 0.012), while the total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were similar between the two groups. Elevated TG and HDL-C were positively associated with ischemic stroke (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, P = 0.032; OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05, P = 0.025), after adjustment for BMI, systolic blood pressure, DBP, CHA2DS2-VASc score, HAS-BLED score, NOAC, LDL-C and HDL-C. However, NOAC (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.84, P = 0.029) could decrease the likelihood of ischemic stroke in patients with AF. In subgroup analysis, higher TG level remained significantly associated with ischemic stroke for AF patients without a history of smoking (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02-1.55, P = 0.028). CONCLUSION Higher level of TG and HDL-C were positively associated with ischemic stroke in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Liu He
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
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Efficacy of elafibranor in patients with liver abnormalities especially non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:1579-1586. [PMID: 34370218 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a very common medical disorder affecting nearly 33.5% of US adults over 20 years of age. It represents the major risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and cardiovascular diseases, which is the most common cause of death worldwide. Elafibranor is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and delta dual agonist. A novel dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta (PPAR-α/δ), elafibranor, the agonist is an emerging therapy with promising hepatoprotective results. OBJECTIVES To estimate the efficacy of elafibranor in patients with liver abnormalities especially non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS We searched the following databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for relevant clinical trials assessing the use of silymarin in patients with NAFLD. Risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. We included the following outcomes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). RESULTS We included four clinical trials. We found that elafibranor significantly reduced the levels of ALT {MD = - 4.60 [- 8.17, - 1.04], (P = 0.01)}, GGT {MD = - 16.57 [- 26.59, - 6.56], (P < 0.01)}, TC {MD = - 0.37 [- 0.66, - 0.08], (P = 0.01)}, TG {MD = - 0.37 [- 0.51, - 0.24], (P < 0.01)}, ALP {(MD = - 14.45 [- 18.99, - 9.91], (P < 0.01)}, and LDL {MD = - 0.20 [- 0.33, - 0.07], (P = 0.003)}. There was no significant difference regarding HOMA-IR {MD = - 0.32 [- 0.88, 0.24], (P = 0.26) and AST (P = 0.53). CONCLUSION PPAR-alpha/delta dual agonist, elafibranor, is a promising drug that improves most metabolic parameters in dyslipidemic patients.
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Chen Y, Chang Z, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Fu J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Fan Z. Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and abdominal aortic calcification in adults: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2068-2076. [PMID: 34053833 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable marker of insulin resistance, which is a substantial risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerotic diseases. The present study investigated the relationship between the TyG index and extensive AAC in middle-aged and elderly populations in the United States (US). METHODS AND RESULTS We performed cross-sectional analyses of data from 1419 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. AAC was detected using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on Hologic Discovery model A densitometer, and quantified using the Kauppila score system. Extensive AAC was defined as a Kauppila score ≥5. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association between AAC and the TyG index. The restricted cubic spline model was used for the dose-response analysis. Extensive AAC was detected in 196 (13.8%) participants. The odds of extensive AAC increased by 41% per unit increase in the TyG index (adjusted odds ratios [OR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.91). The multivariable-adjusted OR and 95% CI of the highest TyG index tertile compared with the lowest tertile was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.11-2.94). Extensive AAC showed a more robust association with the TyG index than with triglycerides or glycemia. The subgroup analyses indicated that the association was consistent irrespective of age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesteremia and smoking status. CONCLUSION The TyG index was independently associated with the presence of extensive AAC in the study population. Further studies are required to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhen'ge Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yakun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yongqiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhongjie Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Fernandez ML, Blomquist SA, Hallmark B, Chilton FH. Omega-3 Supplementation and Heart Disease: A Population-Based Diet by Gene Analysis of Clinical Trial Outcomes. Nutrients 2021; 13:2154. [PMID: 34201625 PMCID: PMC8308291 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites have long been recognized to protect against inflammation-related diseases including heart disease. Recent reports present conflicting evidence on the effects of n-3 PUFAs on major cardiovascular events including death. While some studies document that n-3 PUFA supplementation reduces the risk for heart disease, others report no beneficial effects on heart disease composite primary outcomes. Much of this heterogeneity may be related to the genetic variation in different individuals/populations that alters their capacity to synthesize biologically active n-3 and omega 6 (n-6) PUFAs and metabolites from their 18 carbon dietary precursors, linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) and alpha-linolenic (ALA, 18:3, n-3). Here, we discuss the role of a FADS gene-by-dietary PUFA interaction model that takes into consideration dietary exposure, including the intake of LA and ALA, n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in determining the efficacy of n-3 PUFA supplementation. We also review recent clinical trials with n-3 PUFA supplementation and coronary heart disease in the context of what is known about fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene-by-dietary PUFA interactions. Given the dramatic differences in the frequencies of FADS variants that impact the efficiency of n-3 and n-6 PUFA biosynthesis, and their downstream signaling products among global and admixture populations, we conclude that large clinical trials utilizing "one size fits all" n-3 PUFA supplementation approaches are unlikely to show effectiveness. However, evidence discussed in this review suggests that n-3 PUFA supplementation may represent an important opportunity where precision interventions can be focused on those populations that will benefit the most from n-3 PUFA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut1, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
| | - Sarah A. Blomquist
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.A.B.); (F.H.C.)
| | - Brian Hallmark
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Floyd H. Chilton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (S.A.B.); (F.H.C.)
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Paton B, Suarez M, Herrero P, Canela N. Glycosylation Biomarkers Associated with Age-Related Diseases and Current Methods for Glycan Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115788. [PMID: 34071388 PMCID: PMC8198018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a complex process which implies the accumulation of molecular, cellular and organ damage, leading to an increased vulnerability to disease. In Western societies, the increase in the elderly population, which is accompanied by ageing-associated pathologies such as cardiovascular and mental diseases, is becoming an increasing economic and social burden for governments. In order to prevent, treat and determine which subjects are more likely to develop these age-related diseases, predictive biomarkers are required. In this sense, some studies suggest that glycans have a potential role as disease biomarkers, as they modify the functions of proteins and take part in intra- and intercellular biological processes. As the glycome reflects the real-time status of these interactions, its characterisation can provide potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for multifactorial diseases. This review gathers the alterations in protein glycosylation profiles that are associated with ageing and age-related diseases, such as cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and several chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the review includes the available techniques for the determination and characterisation of glycans, such as liquid chromatography, electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Paton
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences, Joint Unit Eurecat-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), 43204 Reus, Spain; (B.P.); (N.C.)
| | - Manuel Suarez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.H.)
| | - Pol Herrero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences, Joint Unit Eurecat-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), 43204 Reus, Spain; (B.P.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.H.)
| | - Núria Canela
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences, Joint Unit Eurecat-Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), 43204 Reus, Spain; (B.P.); (N.C.)
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Strong and Bitter Vegetables from Traditional Cultivars and Cropping Methods Improve the Health Status of Type 2 Diabetics: A Randomized Control Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061813. [PMID: 34073610 PMCID: PMC8227621 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables rich in bitter-tasting phytochemicals may exert enhanced beneficial effects against key factors associated with type two diabetes (T2D). This study investigates whether selected cultivars of bitter and strong-tasting (BST) Brassica and root vegetables exert greater health benefits on T2D patients compared to equivalent modern mild and sweet tasting (MST) vegetables. A 12-week randomized, controlled, parallel intervention study involved 92 T2D patients, who were allocated three different diets: (1) 500 g daily of bitter and strong-tasting (BST) vegetables; (2) 500 g daily of mild and sweet-tasting (MST) vegetables; (3) 120 g daily MST normal diet (control). Both vegetable diets contained root vegetables and cabbages selected based on sensory differences and content of phytochemicals. Prior to and after the study, all participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 24 h blood pressure measurements, DEXA scans, and fasted blood samples. Both diets high in vegetables significantly reduced the participants' BMI, total body fat mass, and HbA1c levels compared to control, but in the BST group, significant differences were also found regarding incremental area under the curve glucose 240 min (OGTT) and fasting glucose levels. A high daily intake of root vegetables and cabbages showed significant health improvements in both vegetable groups. BST vegetables had the greatest impact on insulin sensitivity, body fat mass, and blood pressure compared to control; moreover, they further improved glycemic control compared to MST vegetables.
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Zamarrón-Licona E, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Posadas-Sánchez R, Vargas-Alarcón G, Baños-González MA, Borgonio-Cuadra VM, Pérez-Hernández N. Variants of PCSK9 Gene Are Associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Cardiometabolic Parameters in Mexicans. The GEA Project. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050774. [PMID: 33925815 PMCID: PMC8145882 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic, inflammatory, and complex disease associated with vascular risk factors. Nowadays, the coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a specific marker of the presence and extent of atherosclerosis. Additionally, CAC is a predictor of future coronary events in asymptomatic individuals diagnosed with subclinical atherosclerosis (CAC > 0). In this study, our aim is to evaluate the participation of two polymorphisms of the PCSK9 gene as genetic markers for developing subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic risk factors in asymptomatic individuals. Methods: We analyzed two PCSK9 polymorphisms (rs2479409 and rs615563) in 394 individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis and 1102 healthy controls using real time- polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Under various inheritance models adjusted for different confounding factors, the rs2479409 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of developing subclinical atherosclerosis (OR = 1.53, P recessive = 0.041). Both polymorphisms were significantly associated with several cardiometabolic parameters. Conclusions: Our data suggest that rs2479409 polymorphism could be envisaged as a risk marker for subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erasmo Zamarrón-Licona
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (E.Z.-L.); (J.M.R.-P.); (G.V.-A.)
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (E.Z.-L.); (J.M.R.-P.); (G.V.-A.)
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (E.Z.-L.); (J.M.R.-P.); (G.V.-A.)
| | - Manuel Alfonso Baños-González
- Centro de Investigación y Posgrado, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86150, Mexico;
| | | | - Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (E.Z.-L.); (J.M.R.-P.); (G.V.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-55732911 (ext. 26301)
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Upala P, Apidechkul T, Wongfu C, Khunthason S, Kullawong N, Keawdounglek V, Chomchoei C, Yeemard F, Tamornpark R. Factors associated with hypertriglyceridemia among the hill tribe people aged 30 years and over, Thailand: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:581. [PMID: 33757484 PMCID: PMC7989000 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triglycerides are lipids in the human body that are produced from the consumption of daily food and drink. However, elevated serum triglycerides, also known as hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), are key biomarkers indicating an unhealthy status and increased risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and pancreatitis. Different groups of people have different patterns and styles of cooking and different patterns of consumption, such as hill tribe people, who have their own unique culture and cooking practices. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and determine the factors associated with HTG among the hill tribe population in Thailand. METHOD A cross-sectional study was performed. Data and a-5 mL blood sample were collected from participants who were members of one of the six main hill tribes in Thailand: Akah, Lahu, Hmong, Yao, Karen, and Lisu. People who lived in 30 selected hill tribe villages and aged 30 years over were asked to participate the study. Pearson correlation and logistic regression were used to detect the correlations and determine the associations between variables, respectively, at a significant level of α = 0.05. RESULTS A total of 2552 participants participated this study; 65.9% were females, 72.35% were aged 40-69 years, 76.7% had no education, 48.7% worked in the agricultural section, and 71.2% had an annual income of less than 50,000 baht/family. Regarding the triglyceride level, 41.7% of participants had elevated levels of serum triglyceride or HTG; 16.4% had a borderline high level, and 25.3% had a high level. After controlling for all potential confounder factors, three variables were found to be associated with elevated serum triglycerides. Those who were members of the Lahu and Hmong tribes were 1.62 times (95%CI = 1.25-2.01) and 1.63 times (95%CI = 1.23-2.16) more likely to have elevated serum triglycerides than those who were members of the Akha tribe, respectively. Those who used a high quantity of cooking oil for daily cooking were 0.73 times less likely to have an abnormal level of triglycerides than those who used a low quantity of cooking oil for daily cooking (95%CI = 0.58-0.91), and those who had a waist circumference indicating obesity were 1.28 times more likely to have an abnormal level of triglycerides than those who had a normal waist circumference (95%CI = 1.08-1.52). CONCLUSION Public health programs that focus on encouraging people to have regular exercise to reduce their body weight, particularly in some tribes, such as Lahu and Hmong, should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panupong Upala
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Apidechkul
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Chanyanut Wongfu
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Siriyaporn Khunthason
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Niwed Kullawong
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Vivat Keawdounglek
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Fartima Yeemard
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Ratipark Tamornpark
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Ramezani-Aliakbari F, Badavi M, Dianat M, Mard SA, Ahangarpour A. Trimetazidine Increases Plasma MicroRNA-24 and MicroRNA-126 Levels and Improves Dyslipidemia, Inflammation and Hypotension in Diabetic Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 19:248-257. [PMID: 33680027 PMCID: PMC7757984 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.1101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trimetazidine (TMZ) improves endothelial dysfunction. However, its beneficial effect on endothelial miRNAs is unexplored in diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of TMZ on plasma miRNA-24 and miRNA-126, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and blood pressure in the diabetic rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups (250 ± 20 g, n = 8): a control (C), an untreated diabetic (D), a diabetic group administrated with TMZ at 10 mg/kg (T10), and a diabetic group administrated with TMZ at 30 mg/kg (T30) for eight weeks. Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg). The plasma levels of miR-24, miR-126, lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), blood glucose, body weight and systolic blood pressure were measured. The diabetic rats showed decreased plasma miR-24, HDL-c (P < 0.05), miR-126 (P < 0.01), body weight changes percent, body weight, and systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001) and increased triglycerides (TG), VLDL-c (P < 0.05), TNF-α, total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.01) glucose, MDA and IL-6 (P < 0.001). Interestingly, all these changes were significantly improved by TMZ treatment. Our findings propose that TMZ has protective effects on decreased plasma miR-24 and miR-126 levels, inflammation, dyslipidemia and hypotension, and it may participate in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ramezani-Aliakbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Cojocaru E, Magdalena Leon-Constantin M, Ungureanu C, Trandafirescu MF, Maștaleru A, Mihaela Trandafir L, Dumitru Petrariu F, Viola Bădulescu O, Filip N. Hypolipemiant Actions and Possible Cardioprotective Effects of Valine and Leucine: An Experimental Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030239. [PMID: 33807510 PMCID: PMC8002166 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Considering atherosclerosis as one of the more challenging threats to healthcare worldwide, any novel therapy that counteracts the risks for developing it, provides new opportunities for the management of this process. Material and methods: We performed an experimental research in which we induced a hypercholesterolemia via a cholesterol-rich diet. Our aim was to demonstrate the antiatherogenic potential of two essential amino acids (valine and leucine). The experimental study was carried out over a period of 60 days. Male Wistar rats weighing between 250–280 g were used and divided into 4 groups, each group including 8 animals. Group I—control was fed with a standard diet. Group II received cholesterol, group III cholesterol and valine and group IV cholesterol and leucine. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital plexus, under anesthesia with 75 mg/kg of intraperitoneal ketamine, in three different moments (R0—1st day, R1—the 30th day, R2—the 60th day) in order to measure the levels of triglycerides. Results: In R0, there were no significant differences between the average levels of triglycerides across all the groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the group I, in R1 and R2, the average levels of triglycerides were significantly higher in all groups (p < 0.001). Also, in R1 and R2, the average triglycerides in group II receiving cholesterol (C) were significantly higher than those in group III receiving valine (C + V) as well as in group IV receiving leucine (C + L) (p < 0.001; p < 0.05). In R2, the average triglycerides in group III were significantly lower than in group IV (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data provides evidence that valine and leucine have a direct impact on the lipid metabolism parameters by lowering the level of triglycerides. The comparison of the two essential amino acids indicates that valine acts more promptly and rapidly than leucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (E.C.); (C.U.); (M.F.T.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon-Constantin
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.M.L.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Carmen Ungureanu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (E.C.); (C.U.); (M.F.T.)
| | - Mioara Florentina Trandafirescu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (E.C.); (C.U.); (M.F.T.)
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.M.L.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Florin Dumitru Petrariu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Oana Viola Bădulescu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences II, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (O.V.B.); (N.F.)
| | - Nina Filip
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences II, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (O.V.B.); (N.F.)
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Taha MM, Abdelghany AI, Draz RS. Lipid Profile Response to Electroacupuncture in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Patients with Hyperlipidemia. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2021; 14:21-26. [DOI: 10.51507/j.jams.2021.14.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Taha
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ramy Salama Draz
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Fasting blood glucose to HDL-C ratio as a novel predictor of clinical outcomes in non-diabetic patients after PCI. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:226885. [PMID: 33140818 PMCID: PMC7693187 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was to assess the prognostic value of fasting blood glucose to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (GHR) in non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and results A total of 6645 non-diabetic patients from two independent cohorts, the CORFCHD-PCI study (n=4282) and the CORFCHD-ZZ (n=2363) study, were enrolled in Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after PCI. Patients were divided into two groups according to the GHR value. The primary outcome included all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM). The average follow-up time was 36.51 ± 22.50 months. We found that there were significant differences between the two groups in the incidences of ACM (P=0.013) and CM (P=0.038). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed GHR as an independent prognostic factor for ACM. The incidence of ACM increased 1.284-times in patients in the higher GHR group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.284 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.010-1.631], P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that patients with high GHR value tended to have an increased accumulated risk of ACM. However, we did not find significant differences in the incidence of major adverse cardiac events, main/major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), stroke, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and bleeding events. Conclusions The present study indicates that GHR index is an independent and novel predictor of ACM in non-diabetic CAD patients who underwent PCI.
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Tucker B, Sawant S, McDonald H, Rye KA, Patel S, Ong KL, Cochran BJ. The association of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels with total and differential leukocyte counts: Results of a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the UK Biobank. Atherosclerosis 2020; 319:1-9. [PMID: 33453490 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is some evidence of a cross-sectional, and possibly causal, relationship of lipid levels with leukocyte counts in mice and humans. This study investigates the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship of blood lipid and lipoprotein levels with leukocyte counts in the UK Biobank cohort. METHODS The primary cross-sectional analysis included 417,132 participants with valid data on lipid measures and leukocyte counts. A subgroup analysis was performed in 333,668 participants with valid data on lipoprotein(a). The longitudinal analysis included 9058 participants with valid baseline and follow-up data on lipid and lipoprotein levels and leukocyte counts. The association of lipid and lipoprotein levels with leukocyte counts was analysed by multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Several relationships were significant in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. After adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic and other confounding factors, a higher eosinophil count was associated with lower HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I concentration (p < 0.001). Higher triglycerides levels were associated with higher total leukocyte, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte and neutrophil counts (all p < 0.01). A higher lymphocyte count was associated with a higher apolipoprotein B level (p < 0.001). In the longitudinal analysis, lipoprotein(a) was inversely associated with basophil count in men but not women (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Triglyceride levels demonstrate a robust positive association with total and differential leukocyte counts suggesting they may be directly involved in leukogenesis. However, unlike in murine models, the remainder of these relationships is modest, which suggests that cholesterol and lipoproteins are minimally involved in leukogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Tucker
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Targher G, Corey KE, Byrne CD. NAFLD, and cardiovascular and cardiac diseases: Factors influencing risk, prediction and treatment. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 47:101215. [PMID: 33296704 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affecting up to around 30% of the world's adult population, causes considerable liver-related and extrahepatic morbidity and mortality. Strong evidence indicates that NAFLD (especially its more severe forms) is associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality, and the predominant cause of mortality in this patient population is cardiovascular disease (CVD). This narrative review aims to discuss the strong association between NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular, cardiac and arrhythmic complications. Also discussed are the putative mechanisms linking NAFLD to CVD and other cardiac/arrhythmic complications, with a brief summary of CVD risk prediction/stratification and management of the increased CVD risk observed in patients with NAFLD. RESULTS NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of CVD events and other cardiac complications (left ventricular hypertrophy, valvular calcification, certain arrhythmias) independently of traditional CVD risk factors. The magnitude of risk of CVD and other cardiac/arrhythmic complications parallels the severity of NAFLD (especially liver fibrosis severity). There are most likely multiple underlying mechanisms through which NAFLD may increase risk of CVD and cardiac/arrhythmic complications. Indeed, NAFLD exacerbates hepatic and systemic insulin resistance, promotes atherogenic dyslipidaemia, induces hypertension, and triggers synthesis of proatherogenic, procoagulant and proinflammatory mediators that may contribute to the development of CVD and other cardiac/arrhythmic complications. CONCLUSION Careful assessment of CVD risk is mandatory in patients with NAFLD for primary prevention of CVD, together with pharmacological treatment for coexisting CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
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36
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Wu G, Bockman B, Perez J. Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Very Severe Hypertriglyceridemia. CASE REPORTS IN ACUTE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1159/000511065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is the elevation of serum triglyceride levels above 150 mg/dL and is linked to complications such as pancreatitis and increased mortality risk. An uncommonly known co-presentation of HTG is acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with the literature citing only one other case of acute STEMI complicated by very severe HTG. We report on a 36-year-old male with multiple comorbidities presenting with acute STEMI and elevated pancreatic enzymes suggestive of pancreatitis. A subsequent lipid profile revealed very severe HTG with a triglyceride level of 2,700 mg/dL. We discuss the pathogenesis, management, and screening guidelines of very severe HTG. Clinicians should be aware that acute STEMI complicated by HTG is rare and that earlier detection and intervention may allow for the prevention of life-threatening complications.
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yu X, Wei F, Chen C, Zhang K, Feng S, Wang Y, Li WD. Association of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia on incident hyperuricemia: an 8-year prospective cohort study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:409. [PMID: 33129322 PMCID: PMC7603698 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension and high triglyceride are two of the most important risk factors for hyperuricemia. Epidemiological records show that hypertension and dyslipidemia often coexist and may significantly increase the risk of target organ damage. However, their combined effect on incident hyperuricemia is poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the separate and combined effect of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia on the incidence of hyperuricemia. Methods A prospective cohort study of 6424 hyperuricemia-free participants aged 20 to 94 years between August 2009 and October 2017 was performed at Tianjin General Hospital of China. Participants were categorized into four groups by combining hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia status at baseline. The restricted cubic spline fitting Cox regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between blood pressure and triglyceride and hyperuricemia. Cox regression models were performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confident intervals (CIs) to estimate baseline factors and their association with the incidence of hyperuricemia. A Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to compare the incidence of hyperuricemia among subjects in each separate and combined hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia group. Results During the 8-year follow-up period, 1259 subjects developed hyperuricemia (20.6%). There existed positive relationships between blood pressure and triglyceride levels and hyperuricemia. This risk factor arising from a combination of the two (HR, 3.02; 95% CI 2.60–3.50) is greater than that from hypertension (HR, 1.48; 95% CI 1.28–1.71) or hypertriglyceridemia (HR, 1.84; 95% CI 1.55–2.18) separately. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that combined effect of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia may predict higher onset of hyperuricemia. Conclusion The combined effect of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia on the risk of hyperuricemia is much stronger than that by hypertension or hypertriglyceridemia separately. Hypertension combined with hypertriglyceridemia may be an independent and powerful predictor for hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiawen Yu
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Fengjiang Wei
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shuzhi Feng
- Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Duran Karaduman B, Ayhan H, Keleş T, Bozkurt E. The triglyceride-glucose index predicts peripheral artery disease complexity. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1217-1222. [PMID: 32718124 PMCID: PMC7491281 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2006-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim High levels of triglyceride (TG) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) values increase atherosclerosis risk. This study evaluates the relationship between peripheral artery disease (PAD) severity and complexity, as assessed by TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus-II (TASC-II) classification and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. Materials and methods A total of 71 consecutive patients with PAD (males 93%, mean age 63.3 ± 9.7), who underwent percutaneous peripheral intervention were included retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the angiographically detected lesions. Those with TASC A-B lesions were included in Group 1, and those with TASC C-D lesions were included in Group 2. TyG index was calculated as formula: ln[fasting TG (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Results There were 40 patients in Group 1 (90.3% men, with a mean age of 63.6 ± 9.3 years) and 31 patients in Group 2 (96.8% men, with a mean age of 62.0 ± 8.6 years). In the majority of patients in both groups, the target vessels are iliac arteries and femoral arteries. In Group 2, platelet count and TyG index were significantly high, according to Group 1. The TyG index was significantly correlated with TASC-II, Rutherford category, HbA1c, and HDL-C. Conclusion In this present study, we showed that the TyG index was an independent predictor of peripheral artery disease complexity, according to TASC-II classification, for the first time in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Duran Karaduman
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Ayhan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Telat Keleş
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Engin Bozkurt
- Department of Cardiology, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhu B, Wang J, Chen K, Yan W, Wang A, Wang W, Gao Z, Tang X, Yan L, Wan Q, Luo Z, Qin G, Chen L, Mu Y. A high triglyceride glucose index is more closely associated with hypertension than lipid or glycemic parameters in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional survey from the Reaction Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:112. [PMID: 32664945 PMCID: PMC7362407 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both lipid and glucose abnormalities are associated with hypertension (HTN). However, it is unclear whether the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is associated with HTN. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the association of the TyG index and HTN and to compare the discriminative power of the TyG index, lipid, glycemic parameters for the risk of HTN in elderly individuals. Methods The present study was nested in a longitudinal (REACTION) study from May 2011 to December 2011, which was designed to demonstrate the association of abnormal glucose metabolism with the risk of cancer in the Chinese population. In total, 47,808 participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The TyG index was divided into five groups: the < 20% group, the 20–39% group, the 40–59% group, the 60–79% group and the ≥ 80% group, according to quintile division of the subjects. Three multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the TyG vs. lipid parameters, glycemic parameters and HTN. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that compared with lipid and glycemic parameters, the TyG index remains significantly associated with HTN in either total subjects or subjects separated into men and women (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.51, p < 0.0001 in total subjects; OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.11–1.74, p = 0.0042 in men; OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11–1.49, p = 0.0010 in women). In a stratified analysis, an elevated TyG index is significantly associated with HTN in the subgroup of the oldest age (≥ 65) (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.30–2.14, p < 0.0001), as well as with obesity (Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m2) (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.29–2.66, p = 0.0009) or lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (< 90 mL/(min·1.73 m2)) (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.33–2.21, p < 0.0001). Conclusion The TyG index is significantly associated with HTN and shows the superior discriminative ability for HTN compared with lipid and glycemic parameters in the Chinese elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binruo Zhu
- Medicine School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Medicine School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Anping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Yan
- Zhongshan University Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Medicine School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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The novel long noncoding RNA Lnc19959.2 modulates triglyceride metabolism-associated genes through the interaction with Purb and hnRNPA2B1. Mol Metab 2020; 37:100996. [PMID: 32302712 PMCID: PMC7262451 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are currently considered to have a vital and wide range of biological functions, but the molecular mechanism underlying triglycerides metabolism remains poorly understood. This study aims to identify novel lncRNAs differentially expressed in rat livers with hypertriglyceridemia and elucidated the function role in TG metabolism. Methods Differentially expressions of lncRNAs in rat livers with hypertriglyceridemia were identified by transcriptome sequencing and validated by real-time PCR. The role of lnc19959.2 in triglyceride metabolism was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. RNA pulldown and RIP assays were conducted to evaluate the interactions between lnc19959.2 and its target proteins. ChIP and Dual report assays were performed to detect the interactions between transcription factors and promoters of its target genes. Results We identified a novel lncRNA, and lnc19959.2 was upregulated in rat livers with hypertriglyceridemia. The knockdown of lnc19959.2 has profound TG lowering effects in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the genome-wide analysis identified that the knockdown of lnc19959.2 caused the deregulation of many genes during TG homeostasis. Further mechanism studies revealed that lnc19959.2 upregulated ApoA4 expression via ubiquitinated transcription inhibitor factor Purb, while it specifically interacted with hnRNPA2B1 to downregulate the expression of Cpt1a, Tm7sf2, and Gpam, respectively. In the upstream pathway, palmitate acid upregulated CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Beta (Cebpb) and facilitated its binding to the promoter of lnc19959.2, which resulted in significant promotion of lnc19959.2 transcriptional activity. Conclusions Our findings provide novel insights into a new layer regulatory complexity of an lncRNA modulating triglyceride homeostasis by a novel lncRNA lnc19959.2. lnc19959.2 was identified as a novel LncRNA in hypertriglyceridemic rat liver. lnc19959.2 was involved in triglyceride metabolism in vivo and in vitro. lnc19959.2 upregulated ApoA4 expression via ubiquitinated transcription inhibitor factor Purb. lnc19959.2 interacted with hnRNPA2B1 and cooperated with RNP II that controls expression of Cpt1a, Tm7sf2 and Gpam.
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Gong D, Zhao ZW, Zhang Q, Yu XH, Wang G, Zou J, Zheng XL, Zhang DW, Yin WD, Tang CK. The Long Noncoding RNA Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript-1 Regulates CCDC80 Expression by Targeting miR-141-3p/miR-200a-3p in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 75:336-343. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Campbell AW, Sinatra D, Zhang Z, Sinatra ST. Efficacy of Spore Forming Bacilli Supplementation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Elevation of Triglycerides: A 12 week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2020; 19:22-27. [PMID: 33041703 PMCID: PMC7482325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of a commercial spore-based probiotic supplement consisting of 5 different spore forming bacilli (Bacillus indicus HU36, Bacillus subtilis HU58, Bacillus coagulans SC-208, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus clausii SC-109) on reducing the triglyceride levels (TG) in patients with mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia (HT). STUDY DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with eighty participants with non-fasting triglyceride levels greater than 150 mg/dL. METHODS Eighty participants with non-fasting triglyceride levels greater than 150 mg/dL were randomized to receive oral probiotic supplement consisting of two capsules containing 5 different spore forming bacilli once daily in the morning or a placebo (rice flour). Their non-fasting triglyceride levels were measured again at six weeks and at twelve weeks. RESULTS Compared to the placebo group, participants in the probiotic supplement group had significant lowering of their triglyceride levels after 90 days. CONCLUSION Mild to moderately elevated triglyceride levels can be lowered in patients with mild to moderate HT by a probiotic supplement consisting of five different spore forming bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drew Sinatra
- naturopathic doctor of integrative medicine at the CLEAR Center for Health in Mill Valley, California
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Statistics-University of California Riverside, in Riverside California
| | - Stephen T Sinatra
- assistant clinical professor of medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Connecticut in Farmington, Connecticut
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Sakamuri A, Sakamuri SSVP, Kona SR, Jeyapal S, Ibrahim A. Diets with low n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio protects rats from fructose-induced dyslipidemia and associated hepatic changes: Comparison between 18:3 n-3 and long-chain n-3 PUFA. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 155:102082. [PMID: 32169807 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the impact of substituting alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or long-chain n-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) for linoleic acid and hence decreasing n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio on high-fructose diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia and associated hepatic changes. Weanling male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and fed with starch-diet (n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio 215:1) and high-fructose diets with different n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (215:1, 2:1 with ALA and 5:1 with long-chain n-3 PUFA) for twenty-four weeks. Substitution of linoleic acid with ALA (n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2) or long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 5) protected the rats from fructose-induced dyslipidemia, hepatic oxidative stress and corrected lipogenic and proinflammatory gene expression. Both ALA and long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation also reversed the fructose-induced upregulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) gene, which is involved in the generation of active glucocorticoids in tissues. Although both ALA and LC n-3 PUFA prevented fructose-induced dyslipidemia to a similar extent, compared to ALA, LC n-3 PUFA is more effective in preventing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Sakamuri
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suryam Reddy Kona
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sugeedha Jeyapal
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- Department of lipid chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
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Lee H, Park JB, Hwang IC, Yoon YE, Park HE, Choi SY, Kim YJ, Cho GY, Han K, Kim HK. Association of four lipid components with mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in statin-naïve young adults: A nationwide cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27:870-881. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487319898571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims Dyslipidaemia is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor with prognostic implications. Current strategies for lipid management in young adults are largely based on expert recommendations. We investigated the risks of death and cardiovascular disease in relation to each lipid component to establish evidence for primary prevention in young adults. Methods In this nationwide population-based cohort study, we analysed 5,688,055 statin-naïve subjects, aged 20–39 years, undergoing general health check-ups between 2009 and 2014. The endpoint was a composite of clinical events including death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. We compared the incidence and risk of clinical events according to each lipid variable. Results During follow-up (median 7.1 years), clinical events occurred in 30,330 subjects (0.53%): 16,262 deaths (0.29%), 8578 MIs (0.15%), and 5967 strokes (0.10%). The risk of clinical events gradually increased with increasing total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides and decreasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), largely driven by MI. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) had a J-shaped association with clinical events, showing the lowest risk for LDL-C of 84–101 mg/dL. Among lipid variables, triglycerides remained the sole independent predictor (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20; p < 0.001) after adjusting for conventional risk factors. Conclusions For statin-naïve young adults, the risk of clinical events was proportional to lipid levels, positively with TC and triglycerides, negatively with HDL-C, and J-shaped with LDL-C. Triglycerides had an independent and the strongest association with the clinical events. Screening and intervention for abnormal lipid levels, particularly triglycerides, from an early age might be of clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Bean Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Chang Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Yeonyee E Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goo-Yeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Kwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Valaiyapathi B, Gower B, Ashraf AP. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:220-229. [PMID: 29879890 PMCID: PMC7516333 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666180608074510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (DM) in children is disturbingly increasing in parallel with the increasing childhood obesity. Better knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of type 2 DM in children is paramount to devise an effective management plan. OBJECTIVE Discuss the pathophysiology of type 2 DM in children and adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a comprehensive review of the literature on this topic. Type 2 DM in childhood is viewed as a continuum of insulin resistance (IR) which is determined by an underlying genetic predisposition, intrauterine environment, excessive food consumption, continued rapid weight gain, and poor lifestyle. Besides IR, this is compounded by multiple metabolic defects including β-cell dysfunction and inadequate insulin secretion, α-cell dysfunction, hyperglucagonemia and increased hepatic glucose production, lipotoxicity, inflammation, deficiencies in incretin production and action, and increased renal glucose reabsorption. The confluence of genetic and environmental factors underscores the complexity in disease progression. CONCLUSION A consistent single risk factor for type 2 DM is obesity and related IR and therefore it is essential to curtail the progression of obesity. It is important to investigate the role of stringent dietary and nutritional approaches, medications that enhance β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badhma Valaiyapathi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Barbara Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ambika P. Ashraf
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department Pediatric Endocrinology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Tel: 205 638 9107, Fax: 205 638 9821; E-mail:
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Fathizadeh H, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Kolahdooz F, Chamani M, Amirani E, Asemi Z. The Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Serum Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3266-3281. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190830154336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The findings of trials investigating the effects of L-carnitine administration on serum
lipids are inconsistent. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to summarize
the effects of L-carnitine intake on serum lipids in patients and healthy individuals.
Methods:
Two authors independently searched electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane
Library, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar from 1990 until August 1, 2019, in order to find relevant
RCTs. The quality of selected RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Cochrane’s
Q test and I-square (I2) statistic were used to determine the heterogeneity across included trials. Weight mean
difference (SMD) and 95% CI between the two intervention groups were used to determine pooled effect sizes.
Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the source of heterogeneity based on suspected variables such as,
participant’s health conditions, age, dosage of L-carnitine, duration of study, sample size, and study location
between primary RCTs.
Results:
Out of 3460 potential papers selected based on keywords search, 67 studies met the inclusion criteria and
were eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that L-carnitine administration led to a significant
decrease in triglycerides (WMD: -10.35; 95% CI: -16.43, -4.27), total cholesterol (WMD: -9.47; 95% CI: -
13.23, -5.70) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations (WMD: -6.25; 95% CI: -9.30, -3.21), and a significant
increase in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (WMD: 1.39; 95% CI: 0.21, 2.57). L-carnitine supplementation did
not influence VLDL-cholesterol concentrations. When we stratified studies for the predefined factors such as
dosage, and age, no significant effects of the intervention on triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels were found.
Conclusion:
This meta-analysis demonstrated that L-carnitine administration significantly reduced triglycerides,
total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol levels in the pooled
analyses, but did not affect VLDL-cholesterol levels; however, these findings were not confirmed in our subgroup
analyses by participant’s health conditions, age, dosage of L-carnitine, duration of study, sample size, and study
location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Fathizadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fariba Kolahdooz
- Indigenous and Global Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maryam Chamani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH): potential mechanisms of action against risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 33:1-18. [PMID: 31358075 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders dominated by abdominal obesity, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, high blood pressure and high fasting glucose. Diet modification is a safe and effective way to treat the metabolic syndrome. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a dietary pattern rich in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products, and low in meats and sweets. DASH provides good amounts of fibre, K, Ca and Mg, and limited quantities of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and Na. Although DASH was initially designed for the prevention or control of hypertension, using a DASH diet has other metabolic benefits. In the present review, the effect of each dietary component of DASH on the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome is discussed. Due to limited fat and high fibre and Ca content, individuals on the DASH diet are less prone to overweight and obesity and possess lower concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol although changes in TAG and HDL-cholesterol have been less significant and available evidence in this regard is still inconclusive. Moreover, high amounts of fruit and vegetables in DASH provide great quantities of K, Mg and fibre, all of which have been shown to reduce blood pressure. K, Mg, fibre and antioxidants have also been effective in correcting glucose and insulin abnormalities. Evidence is provided from cross-sectional investigations, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials, and, where available, from published meta-analyses. Mechanisms are described according to human studies and, in the case of a lack of evidence, from animal and cell culture investigations.
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Xu L, Huang J, Zhang Z, Qiu J, Guo Y, Zhao H, Cai Z, Huang X, Fan Y, Xu Y, Ma J, Wu W. Bioinformatics Study on Serum Triglyceride Levels for Analysis of a Potential Risk Factor Affecting Blood Pressure Variability. Curr Bioinform 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893614666190109152809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to establish whether Triglycerides (TGs) are
related to Blood Pressure (BP) variability and whether controlling TG levels leads to better BP
variability management and prevents Cardiovascular Disease (CVD).
Methods:
In this study, we enrolled 106 hypertensive patients and 80 non-hypertensive patients.
Pearson correlation and partial correlation analyses were used to define the relationships between
TG levels and BP variability in all subjects. Patients with hypertension were divided into two subgroups
according to TG level: Group A (TG<1.7 mmol/L) and Group B (TG>=1.7 mmol/L). The
heterogeneity between the two subgroups was compared using t tests and covariance analysis.
Results:
TG levels and BP variability were significantly different between the hypertensive and
non-hypertensive patients. Two-tailed Pearson correlation tests showed that TG levels are positively
associated with many BP variability measures in all subjects. After reducing other confounding
factors, the partial correlation analysis revealed that TG levels are still related to the Standard Deviation
(SD), Coefficient of Variation (CV) of nighttime systolic blood pressure and CV of
nighttime diastolic blood pressure, respectively (each p<0.05). In the subgroups, group A had a
lower SD of nighttime Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP_night_SD; 11.39±3.80 and 13.39±4.16,
p=0.011), CV of nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP_night_CV; 0.09±0.03 and 0.11±0.03,
p=0.014) and average real variability of nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP_night_ARV;
10.99±3.98 and 12.6±3.95, p=0.024) compared with group B, even after adjusting for age and other
lipid indicators.
Conclusion:
TG levels are significantly associated with BP variability and hypertriglyceridemia,
which affects blood pressure variability before causing target organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Jiangming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Armed Police Corps Hospital Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Zekun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Yongwang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Yehao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guanzhou 510275, China
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49
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Salvagno GL, Favaloro EJ, Demonte D, Gelati M, Poli G, Targher G, Lippi G. Influence of hypertriglyceridemia, hyperbilirubinemia and hemolysis on thrombin generation in human plasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 57:1784-1789. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although accumulating evidence suggests that the hemostatic balance is impaired in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, hyperbilirubinemia or hemolytic anemias, little is known on the underlying biological mechanisms. This experimental study was aimed at exploring whether increasing values of triglycerides, bilirubin or cell-free hemoglobin promote thrombin generation in plasma.
Methods
Three different pools were prepared from three different sets of 20 normal routine plasma citrate samples. The native pools were spiked with increasing amounts of exogenous triglycerides (up to 8.8 mmol/L), bilirubin (up to 350 μmol/L) or autologous hemolyzed blood (up to 3.5 g/L cell-free hemoglobin). Using the fully-automated thrombin generation analyzer ST Genesia, we measured the following parameters: lag time (LT), time to peak (TP), peak height (PH) and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP).
Results
A sustained increase of PH and ETP was found in parallel with increasing triglyceride concentrations, peaking in the aliquot with 8.8 mmol/L. Conversely, LT and TP displayed an opposite trend, reaching a maximum decrease in the 8.8 mmol/L aliquot. Increasing bilirubin concentrations promoted remarkable increases of PH and ETP and decreases of TP and LT, up to 211 μmol/L. After this threshold, all parameters tended to return towards baseline values. A constant increase of PH and ETP was also noted in hemolyzed samples, peaking in the 3.5 g/L cell-free hemoglobin aliquot, whereas the TP and LT remained unchanged in all hemolyzed aliquots.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that hypertriglyceridemia, hyperbilirubinemia and hemolysis may promote a hypercoagulable state in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Emmanuel J. Favaloro
- Haematology , Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital , Westmead, NSW , Australia
| | - Davide Demonte
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Matteo Gelati
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Giovanni Poli
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry , University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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50
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Sandesara PB, Virani SS, Fazio S, Shapiro MD. The Forgotten Lipids: Triglycerides, Remnant Cholesterol, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:537-557. [PMID: 30312399 PMCID: PMC6416708 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-established mediator of atherosclerosis and a key target for intervention for the primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD. However, despite substantial reduction in LDL-C, patients continue to have recurrent ASCVD events. Hypertriglyceridemia may be an important contributor of this residual risk. Observational and genetic epidemiological data strongly support a causal role of triglycerides (TGs) and the cholesterol content within triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) and/or remnant cholesterol (RC) in the development of ASCVD. TGRLs are composed of hepatically derived very low-density lipoprotein and intestinally derived chylomicrons. RC is the cholesterol content of all TGRLs and plasma TGs serve as a surrogate measure of TGRLs and RC. Although lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone for management of hypertriglyceridemia, many novel drugs are in development and have shown impressive efficacy in lowering TG levels. Several ongoing, randomized controlled trials are underway to examine the impact of these novel agents on ASCVD outcomes. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the biology, epidemiology, and genetics of TGs and ASCVD; we discuss current and novel TG-lowering therapies under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik B Sandesara
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Salim S Virani
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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