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Olasehinde TA, Olaokun OO. Apigenin and inflammation in the brain: can apigenin inhibit neuroinflammation in preclinical models? Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01538-4. [PMID: 39126572 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Apigenin is a flavone-kind of flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables. Apigenin exhibits biological activities including neuropharmacological effects against different neurological disorders. In this study, we summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms of the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of apigenin in neurological disorders. A systematic review was conducted by searching Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. A total of 461 records were retrieved from the search. After screening of the records based on the inclusion criteria, 16 articles were selected and discussed in this study. The results from the selected studies showed that apigenin exhibited anti-neuroinflammatory effect in preclinical studies. The anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms exhibited by apigenin include inhibition of overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuation of microglia activation via reduction of CD-11b-positive cells, inhibition of ROCK-1 expression and upregulation of miR-15a, p-ERK1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF, downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, iNOS and COX-2 expression, reduction of Toll-like receptor-4 expression and inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activation. Overall, apigenin inhibited neuroinflammation which suggests it confers neuroprotective effect against neuronal degeneration in some neurodegenerative conditions. This review provides important neuropharmacological information on the neuroprotective mechanisms of apigenin against neuroinflammation which may be useful for future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin A Olasehinde
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Oyinlola O Olaokun
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Pretoria, 0208, South Africa
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Dunleavy C, Elsworthy RJ, Wood SJ, Allott K, Spencer F, Upthegrove R, Aldred S. Exercise4Psychosis: A randomised control trial assessing the effect of moderate-to-vigorous exercise on inflammatory biomarkers and negative symptom profiles in men with first-episode psychosis. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:379-390. [PMID: 38906488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) is a devastating mental health condition that commonly emerges during early adulthood, and is characterised by a disconnect in perceptions of reality. Current evidence suggests that inflammation and perturbed immune responses are involved in the pathology of FEP and may be associated specifically with negative symptoms. Exercise training is a potent anti-inflammatory stimulus that can reduce persistent inflammation, and can improve mood profiles in general populations. Therefore, exercise may represent a novel adjunct therapy for FEP. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of exercise on biomarkers of inflammation, negative symptoms of psychosis, and physiological health markers in FEP. METHODS Seventeen young males (26.67 ± 6.64 years) were recruited from Birmingham Early Intervention in Psychosis Services and randomised to a 6-week exercise programme consisting of two-to-three sessions per week that targeted 60-70 % heart-rate max (HRMax), or a treatment as usual (TAU) condition. Immune T-helper (Th-) cell phenotypes and cytokines, symptom severity, functional wellbeing, and cognition were assessed before and after 6-weeks of regular exercise. RESULTS Participants in the exercise group (n = 10) achieved 81.11 % attendance to the intervention, with an average exercise intensity of 67.54 % ± 7.75 % HRMax. This led to favourable changes in immune cell phenotypes, and a significant reduction in the Th1:Th2 ratio (-3.86 %) compared to the TAU group (p = 0.014). After the exercise intervention, there was also a significant reduction in plasma IL-6 concentration (-22.17 %) when compared to the TAU group (p = 0.006). IL-8, and IL-10 did not show statistically significant differences between the groups after exercise. Symptomatically, there was a significant reduction in negative symptoms after exercise (-13.54 %, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, (PANSS) Negative) when compared to the TAU group (p = 0.008). There were no significant change in positive or general symptoms, functional outcomes, or cognition (all p > 0.05). DISCUSSION Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is feasible and attainable in clinical populations. Exercise represents a physiological tool that is capable of causing significant inflammatory biomarker change and concomitant symptom improvements in FEP cohorts, and may be useful for treatment of symptom profiles that are not targeted by currently prescribed antipsychotic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Dunleavy
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Richard J Elsworthy
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Wood
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Felicity Spencer
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Women and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.
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Chycki J, Krzysztofik M, Sadowska-Krępa E, Baron-Kaczmarek D, Zając A, Poprzęcki S, Petr M. Acute Hormonal and Inflammatory Responses following Lower and Upper Body Resistance Exercises Performed to Volitional Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7455. [PMID: 39000562 PMCID: PMC11242161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single bench press (BP) vs. leg press (LP) resistance training sessions on testosterone, cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP) interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations, and creatine kinase (CK) activity in strength-trained males. Eleven strength-trained males participated in a cross-over randomized trial, undergoing two experimental sessions each consisting of five sets of the BP or the LP exercise to volitional failure with a load corresponding to 50% of one-repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken at baseline (BA), immediately post (POST), and 1 h after the cessation of exercise (POST-1). A significant increase in IL-6 concentration from BA to POST-1 was observed during the LP condition (p = 0.004; effect size [ES] = 0.64). Additionally, a significant main effect of time was found for increasing testosterone concentrations from BA to POST exercise (p = 0.014; ES = 0.25). A significantly lower cortisol concentration at POST-1 compared to POST (p = 0.001; ES = 1.02) was noted in the BP condition. Furthermore, a significantly lower cortisol concentration was found at POST-1 in the BP compared to the LP condition (p = 0.022; ES = 1.3). A significant increase in CK activity was reported from BA to POST (p = 0.024; ES = 0.69) and POST-1 (p = 0.045; ES = 0.55) during the LP condition, and from BA to POST-1 (p = 0.014; ES = 0.96) during the BP condition. No significant differences were found in the CRP (p = 0.659) and TNF-α concentrations (p = 0.487). These results suggest that the amount of muscle mass engaged during the resistance exercise may influence the changes in IL-6 and cortisol concentrations. Larger muscle groups, as engaged in the LP, more likely lead to elevated concentrations of IL-6 myokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Chycki
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Michał Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ewa Sadowska-Krępa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Daria Baron-Kaczmarek
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Adam Zając
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Stanisław Poprzęcki
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (E.S.-K.); (D.B.-K.); (A.Z.); (S.P.)
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Annunziata G, Paoli A, Manzi V, Camajani E, Laterza F, Verde L, Capó X, Padua E, Bianco A, Carraro A, Di Baldassarre A, Guidetti L, Marcora SM, Orrù S, Tessitore A, Di Mitri R, Auletta L, Piantadosi A, Bellisi M, Palmeri E, Savastano S, Colao A, Caprio M, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L. The Role of Physical Exercise as a Therapeutic Tool to Improve Lipedema: A Consensus Statement from the Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS) and the Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana di Flebologia, SIF). Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00579-8. [PMID: 38958868 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This consensus statement from the Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS) and the Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana di Flebologia, SIF) provides the official view on the role of exercise as a non-pharmacological approach in lipedema. In detail, this consensus statement SISMeS - SIF aims to provide a comprehensive overview of lipedema, focusing, in particular, on the role played by physical exercise (PE) in the management of its clinical features. RECENT FINDINGS Lipedema is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal fat accumulation. It is often misdiagnosed as obesity, despite presenting distinct pathological mechanisms. Indeed, recent evidence has reported differences in adipose tissue histology, metabolomic profiles, and gene polymorphisms associated with this condition, adding new pieces to the complex puzzle of lipedema pathophysiology. Although by definition lipedema is a condition resistant to diet and PE, the latter emerges for its key role in the management of lipedema, contributing to multiple benefits, including improvements in mitochondrial function, lymphatic drainage, and reduction of inflammation. Various types of exercise, such as aquatic exercises and strength training, have been shown to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients with lipedema. However, standardized guidelines for PE prescription and long-term management of patients with lipedema are lacking, highlighting the need for recommendations and further research in this area in order to optimise therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Annunziata
- Facoltà di Scienze Umane, Della Formazione e dello Sport, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, Isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Manzi
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Via Porzio, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Laterza
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Via Porzio, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Xavier Capó
- Translational Research In Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma, Spain
| | - Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - Attilio Carraro
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department Unicusano, University "Niccolò Cusano", 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Samuele Maria Marcora
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Quality of Life Sciences, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Stefania Orrù
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Tessitore
- Italian Society of Motor and Sports Sciences, (Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive, SISMeS), Verona, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Mitri
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, San Rossore Clinic Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
| | - Lucia Auletta
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- "Paolo Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Piantadosi
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- Serapide Physiotherapy Center - Pozzuoli, (Naples), Italy
| | - Mario Bellisi
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- "Paolo Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Edmondo Palmeri
- Italian Society of Phlebology (Società Italiana Di Flebologia, SIF), Caserta, Italy
- "Paolo Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Telematic University, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Via Porzio, 80143, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Bettariga F, Taaffe DR, Galvão DA, Bishop C, Kim JS, Newton RU. Suppressive effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells: A narrative review of the influence of exercise mode, volume, and intensity. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:484-498. [PMID: 38081360 PMCID: PMC11184317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the incidence is increasing, highlighting the need for effective strategies to treat this disease. Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer, associated with a lower risk of recurrence and increased survival. Several avenues of research demonstrate reduction in growth, proliferation, and increased apoptosis of cancer cells, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer, when cultured by serum collected after exercise in vitro (i.e., the cultivation of cancer cell lines in an experimental setting, which simplifies the biological system and provides mechanistic insight into cell responses). The underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced cancer suppressive effects may be attributed to the alteration in circulating factors, such as skeletal muscle-induced cytokines (i.e., myokines) and hormones. However, exercise-induced tumor suppressive effects and detailed information about training interventions are not well investigated, constraining more precise application of exercise medicine within clinical oncology. To date, it remains unclear what role different training modes (i.e., resistance and aerobic training) as well as volume and intensity have on exercise-conditioned serum and its effects on cancer cells. Nevertheless, the available evidence is that a single bout of aerobic training at moderate to vigorous intensity has cancer suppressive effects, while for chronic training interventions, exercise volume appears to be an influential candidate driving cancer inhibitory effects regardless of training mode. Insights for future research investigating training modes, volume and intensity are provided to further our understanding of the effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bettariga
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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McKnight K, Omotosho O, Jassim S, Cotter A. Exercise and endometriosis-is there a promising future? A narrative review. Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03733-2. [PMID: 38916808 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is the leading cause of chronic pelvic pain in women of reproductive age with debilitating effects on quality of life, yet no cure exists. Exercise yields the potential in providing women with a non-invasive, non-pharmacological method of symptom control. AIM(S) Present up-to-date knowledge regarding how exercise may contribute to the management of endometriosis-related symptoms. OBJECTIVE(S) Discuss: 1. The pathophysiology surrounding exercise and endometriosis. 2. The role of exercise in endometriosis symptom control. RATIONALE Scientific literature has alluded to exercise being a favourable factor in the management of endometriosis-related symptoms. Moreover, current clinical guidelines for endometriosis fail to reflect the aforementioned benefits of exercise. SEARCH STRATEGY A search strategy using the terms 'endometriosis', 'endometriomas', 'exercise', and 'physical activity' was devised. Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane reviews, and Embase were reviewed. INCLUSION CRITERIA Interventional studies, within-subjects studies, randomised-control trials, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, cohort studies, publication since 2000. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Non-English publications, non-human studies. RESULTS Numerous studies have suggested positive effects for endometriosis patients who performed exercise exclusively or in conjunction with other therapies. Improvements in pain levels, quality of life, anxiety, and depression were noted. DISCUSSION Current research outlines promise regarding the potential benefit of exercise prescribing in patients with endometriosis as well as a synergy between exercise and hormonal therapies for the management of endometriosis-related symptoms. However, the current paucity of high-quality robust studies investigating these aspects of endometriosis management is an apparent obstacle to progression in this area. CONCLUSION For clinicians to incorporate exercise in managing endometriosis, clear recommendations regarding advice and benefits are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McKnight
- Univerisity Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | | | - Amanda Cotter
- Univerisity Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
- University Maternity Hospital Limerick (UMHL), Limerick, Ireland
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Cichoń-Woźniak J, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J, Cieślicka M, Dziewiecka H, Basta P, Maciejewski D, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. Effect of 2 weeks rest-pause on oxidative stress and inflammation in female basketball players. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14578. [PMID: 38918542 PMCID: PMC11199628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Intense exercise leads to increased production of free radicals, resulting in an inflammatory response in athletes. For this reason, it was decided to investigate whether a single intensive exercise until exhaustion applied after a 2-week rest period would result in a violation of the pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance. Twenty-seven trained female basketball players (age: 16.55 ± 0.96 years, body mass: 66.40 ± 13.68 kg, height: 173.45 ± 5.14 cm) were enrolled to the study following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study was conducted at the end of the competitive training phase. Participants underwent incremental treadmill exercise, with blood samples collected before the test, immediately post-exercise, and after a 3-h restitution period. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels increased significantly after exercise and remained unchanged after 3 h. Concentration of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and creatine kinase (CK) significantly increased after exercise and then decreased. Concentration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) was significantly reduced immediately and 3 h after exercise, while interleukin-13 (IL-13), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), and tryptophan (TRP) decreased 3 h after exercise. No significant changes were observed in other biochemical parameters. Obtained results show an increased antioxidant capacity which reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in response to intense exercise indicating that rested athletes have a high adaptation and elevated tolerance to effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Cichoń-Woźniak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland.
| | - Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Mirosława Cieślicka
- Department of Human Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Hanna Dziewiecka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Piotr Basta
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Dariusz Maciejewski
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poznań University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
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8
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Di Ludovico A, La Bella S, Ciarelli F, Chiarelli F, Breda L, Mohn A. Skeletal muscle as a pro- and anti-inflammatory tissue: insights from children to adults and ultrasound findings. J Ultrasound 2024:10.1007/s40477-024-00917-5. [PMID: 38907089 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-024-00917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously regarded as a movement and posture control agent, the skeletal muscle is now recognized as an endocrine organ that may affect systemic inflammation and metabolic health. The discovery of myokines such as IL-6, released from skeletal muscle in response to physical exercise, is now one of the most recent insights. Myokines are the mediators of the balance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. This underscores the muscle function as a determinant of good health and prevention of diseases. Advances in ultrasound technology improved evaluation of muscle thickness, composition, and determining fat distribution. Combining imaging with molecular biology, researchers discovered the complicated interplay between muscle function, cytokine production and general health effects.The production of myokines with exercise showcasing the adaptability of muscles to high-stress conditions and contributing to metabolism and inflammation regulation. These findings have significant implications in order to provide improvement in metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luciana Breda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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9
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Zhang Y, Cao C, Li C, Witt RG, Huang H, Tsung A, Zhang H. Physical exercise in liver diseases. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00900. [PMID: 38836646 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Liver diseases contribute to ~2 million deaths each year and account for 4% of all deaths globally. Despite various treatment options, the management of liver diseases remains challenging. Physical exercise is a promising nonpharmacological approach to maintain and restore homeostasis and effectively prevent and mitigate liver diseases. In this review, we delve into the mechanisms of physical exercise in preventing and treating liver diseases, highlighting its effects on improving insulin sensitivity, regulating lipid homeostasis, and modulating immune function. In addition, we evaluate the impact of physical exercise on various liver diseases, including liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiogenic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. In conclusion, the review underscores the effectiveness of physical exercise as a beneficial intervention in combating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chunyan Cao
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Department of Medicine, Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Russell G Witt
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Division of Hepatology, Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Departments of Molecular Medicine, Medicine, and Surgery at the School of Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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10
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Baskerville R, Castell L, Bermon S. Sports and Immunity, from the recreational to the elite athlete. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104893. [PMID: 38531477 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The pivotal role of the immune system in physical activity is well-established. While interactions are complex, they tend to constitute discrete immune responses. Moderate intensity exercise causes leukocytosis with a mild anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and immunoenhancement. Above a threshold of intensity, lactate-mediated IL-6 release causes a proinflammatory state followed by a depressed inflammatory state, which stimulates immune adaptation and longer term cardiometabolic enhancement. Exercise-related immune responses are modulated by sex, age and immunonutrition. At all ability levels, these factors collectively affect the immune balance between enhancement or overload and dysfunction. Excessive training, mental stress or insufficient recovery risks immune cell exhaustion and hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) stress responses causing immunodepression with negative impacts on performance or general health. Participation in sport provides additional immune benefits in terms of ensuring regularity, social inclusion, mental well-being and healthier life choices in terms of diet and reduced smoking and alcohol, thereby consolidating healthy lifestyles and longer term health. Significant differences exist between recreational and professional athletes in terms of inherent characteristics, training resilience and additional stresses arising from competition schedules, travel-related infections and stress. Exercise immunology examines the central role of immunity in exercise physiology and straddles multiple disciplines ranging from neuroendocrinology to nutrition and genetics, with the aim of guiding athletes to train optimally and safely. This review provides a brief outline of the main interactions of immunity and exercise, some influencing factors, and current guidance on maintaining immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stéphane Bermon
- World Athletics Health and Science Department, Monaco and LAMHESS, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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11
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Dos Santos H, Vargas MA, Gaio J, Cofie PL, Reis WP, Peters W, Berk L. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Decreases High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Improves Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome. Cureus 2024; 16:e63317. [PMID: 39070321 PMCID: PMC11283337 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), expressed as maximal oxygen uptake (ml.kg-1.min-1), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. METHODS The relationship between CRF, MetS, and hs-CRP was examined in a cohort of 173 men and women. CRF was evaluated using a Bruce protocol treadmill test and measured as estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Participants' physical activity status was self-reported. Plasma hs-CRP levels were measured using a standardized immunoassay, and the diagnostic criteria for MetS were based on guidelines established by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). RESULTS An inverse association was observed between hs-CRP levels and estimated VO2 max (p<0.01). Additionally, hs-CRP increased linearly with the number of MetS criteria present (p<0.01), while the estimated VO2 max decreased as the number of MetS criteria increased (p<0.01). Moreover, higher estimated VO2 max correlated with increased self-reported physical activity levels (p<0.01). Notably, participants engaging in two to three hours of exercise per week had hs-CRP levels ≤2.5 mg/L (p=0.018), considered a low-to-moderate risk range. CONCLUSION Higher CRF, reflected by an estimated VO2 max, ≥45 ml/kg/min, is associated with lower hs-CRP levels and fewer MetS criteria. Additionally, regular physical activity, corresponding to higher VO2 max, appears to reduce systemic inflammation and ameliorate MetS risk factors. These findings support the mechanisms by which improved CRF and exercise may lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildemar Dos Santos
- Preventive Care, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Micheline A Vargas
- Preventive Care, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Josileide Gaio
- Preventive Care, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Princess-Lisa Cofie
- Preventive Care, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Wenes P Reis
- Preventive Care, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Warren Peters
- Obesity Research, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Lee Berk
- Research Affairs, School of Allied Health, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, USA
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12
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Vandecruys M, De Smet S, De Beir J, Renier M, Leunis S, Van Criekinge H, Glorieux G, Raes J, Vanden Wyngaert K, Nagler E, Calders P, Monbaliu D, Cornelissen V, Evenepoel P, Van Craenenbroeck AH. Revitalizing the Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of Physical Activity. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:242. [PMID: 38922137 PMCID: PMC11209503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Both physical inactivity and disruptions in the gut microbiome appear to be prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Engaging in physical activity could present a novel nonpharmacological strategy for enhancing the gut microbiome and mitigating the adverse effects associated with microbial dysbiosis in individuals with CKD. This narrative review explores the underlying mechanisms through which physical activity may favorably modulate microbial health, either through direct impact on the gut or through interorgan crosstalk. Also, the development of microbial dysbiosis and its interplay with physical inactivity in patients with CKD are discussed. Mechanisms and interventions through which physical activity may restore gut homeostasis in individuals with CKD are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Vandecruys
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); or (P.E.)
| | - Stefan De Smet
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Jasmine De Beir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Marie Renier
- Group Rehabilitation for Internal Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Sofie Leunis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.); (H.V.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Hanne Van Criekinge
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.); (H.V.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (K.V.W.); (E.N.)
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karsten Vanden Wyngaert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (K.V.W.); (E.N.)
| | - Evi Nagler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.G.); (K.V.W.); (E.N.)
| | - Patrick Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.); (H.V.C.); (D.M.)
- Transplantoux Foundation, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Véronique Cornelissen
- Group Rehabilitation for Internal Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); or (P.E.)
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (M.V.); or (P.E.)
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Gonzalez-Ponce F, Ramirez-Villafaña M, Gomez-Ramirez EE, Saldaña-Cruz AM, Gallardo-Moya SG, Rodriguez-Jimenez NA, Jacobo-Cuevas H, Nava-Valdivia CA, Avalos-Salgado FA, Totsuka-Sutto S, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Valdivia-Tangarife ER. Role of Myostatin in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of the Clinical Impact. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1085. [PMID: 38893612 PMCID: PMC11171688 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects synovial joints and that frequently involves extra-articular organs. A multiplicity of interleukins (IL) participates in the pathogenesis of RA, including IL-6, IL-1β, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; immune cells such as monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, and macrophages; and auto-antibodies, mainly rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). Skeletal muscle is also involved in RA, with many patients developing muscle wasting and sarcopenia. Several mechanisms are involved in the myopenia observed in RA, and one of them includes the effects of some interleukins and myokines on myocytes. Myostatin is a myokine member of the TGF-β superfamily; the overproduction of myostatin acts as a negative regulator of growth and differentiates the muscle fibers, limiting their number and size. Recent studies have identified abnormalities in the serum myostatin levels of RA patients, and these have been found to be associated with muscle wasting and other manifestations of severe RA. This review analyzes recent information regarding the relationship between myostatin levels and clinical manifestations of RA and the relevance of myostatin as a therapeutic target for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Gonzalez-Ponce
- Instituto de Terapeutica Experimental y Clínica, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (F.G.-P.); (M.R.-V.); (E.E.G.-R.); (A.M.S.-C.); (N.A.R.-J.); (S.T.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Melissa Ramirez-Villafaña
- Instituto de Terapeutica Experimental y Clínica, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (F.G.-P.); (M.R.-V.); (E.E.G.-R.); (A.M.S.-C.); (N.A.R.-J.); (S.T.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Eli Efrain Gomez-Ramirez
- Instituto de Terapeutica Experimental y Clínica, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (F.G.-P.); (M.R.-V.); (E.E.G.-R.); (A.M.S.-C.); (N.A.R.-J.); (S.T.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Ana Miriam Saldaña-Cruz
- Instituto de Terapeutica Experimental y Clínica, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (F.G.-P.); (M.R.-V.); (E.E.G.-R.); (A.M.S.-C.); (N.A.R.-J.); (S.T.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Sergio Gabriel Gallardo-Moya
- Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (S.G.G.-M.); (F.A.A.-S.)
| | - Norma Alejandra Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Instituto de Terapeutica Experimental y Clínica, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (F.G.-P.); (M.R.-V.); (E.E.G.-R.); (A.M.S.-C.); (N.A.R.-J.); (S.T.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Heriberto Jacobo-Cuevas
- Programa de Postdoctorado, Departamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Cesar Arturo Nava-Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Felipe Alexis Avalos-Salgado
- Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (S.G.G.-M.); (F.A.A.-S.)
| | - Sylvia Totsuka-Sutto
- Instituto de Terapeutica Experimental y Clínica, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (F.G.-P.); (M.R.-V.); (E.E.G.-R.); (A.M.S.-C.); (N.A.R.-J.); (S.T.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Ernesto German Cardona-Muñoz
- Instituto de Terapeutica Experimental y Clínica, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (F.G.-P.); (M.R.-V.); (E.E.G.-R.); (A.M.S.-C.); (N.A.R.-J.); (S.T.-S.); (E.G.C.-M.)
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14
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Carbo M, Paap D, van Overbeeke L, Wink F, Bootsma H, Arends S, Spoorenberg A. Higher levels of physical activity are associated with less evasive coping, better physical function and quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301965. [PMID: 38758932 PMCID: PMC11101074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate daily physical activity (PA) in relation to psychosocial factors, such as anxiety, depression and different types of coping strategies, as well as patient- and disease-related factors in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS Consecutive outpatients from the Groningen Leeuwarden AxSpA (GLAS) cohort completed the modified Short Questionnaire to assess health-enhancing PA (mSQUASH), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Coping with Rheumatic Stressors (CORS) questionnaires, as well as standardized patient- and disease-related assessments. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses and comparison of lowest and highest PA tertiles were performed to explore associations between the HADS, CORS, patient- and disease-related factors and PA. RESULTS In total, 84 axSpA patients were included; 60% male, mean age 49 (SD ±14) years, median symptom duration 20 (25th-75th percentiles: 12-31) years, mean ASDAS 2.1 (±1.0). Higher PA levels were significantly associated with better scores on patient-reported disease activity (BASDAI), physical function (BASFI) and quality of life (ASQoL). Furthermore, higher levels of PA were associated with less impact of axSpA on wellbeing and lower HADS depression scores. In the multivariable linear regression model, less use of the coping strategy 'decreasing activities' (β: -376.4; p 0.003) and lower BMI (β:-235.5; p: 0.030) were independently associated with higher level of PA. Comparison of patients from the lowest and highest PA tertiles showed results similar to those found in the regression analyses. CONCLUSION In this cohort of axSpA patients, higher levels of daily PA were associated with better patient-reported outcomes and lower depression scores. Additionally, the passive coping strategy "decreasing activities" and lifestyle factor BMI were independently associated with PA. Besides anti-inflammatory treatment, coping strategies and lifestyle should be taken into account in the management of individual axSpA patients. Incorporating these aspects into patient education could increase patient awareness and self-efficacy. In the future, longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the complex relationship between patient-, disease- and psychosocial factors associated with daily PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Carbo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Davy Paap
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Therapy, Saxion, University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van Overbeeke
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Freke Wink
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Arends
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Spoorenberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Malin K, Dąbrowska I, Grzędzicka J, Ostaszewski P, Carter C. Immunology of Physical Exercise: Is Equus caballus an Appropriate Animal Model for Human Athletes? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5210. [PMID: 38791248 PMCID: PMC11121269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic horses routinely participate in vigorous and various athletic activities. This enables the horse to serve as a model for studying athletic physiology and immunology in other species, including humans. For instance, as a model of physical efforts, such as endurance rides (long-distance running/aerobic exercise) and races (anaerobic exercise), the horse can be useful in evaluating post-exercise response. Currently, there has been significant interest in finding biomarkers, which characterize the advancement of training and adaptation to physical exercise in the horse. The parallels in cellular responses to physical exercises, such as changes in receptor expression and blood cell activity, improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the body's response to intense physical activity. This study focuses on the changes in levels of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cellular response in the context of post-exercise immune response. Both the direction of changes in cytokine levels and cellular responses of the body, such as proliferation and expression of surface markers on lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, show cross-functional similarities. This review reveals that horses are robust research models for studying the immune response to physical exercise in human athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Izabela Dąbrowska
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jowita Grzędzicka
- Department of Large Animals Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ostaszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Craig Carter
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
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16
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Lorenz K, Mastalerz A, Cywińska A, Garbacz A, Maculewicz E. Polymorphism of Genes Encoding Inflammatory Interleukins and the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4976. [PMID: 38732195 PMCID: PMC11084669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sport injuries, including the anterior crucial ligament rupture (ACLR) seem to be related to complex genetic backgrounds, including the genes responsible for inflammatory response. This review and meta-analysis investigated the contribution of the polymorphisms of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and their receptors to the risk of ACLR. The scientific databases Science Direct, EBSCO host, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar were screened (completed on 14 June 2023) according to the established inclusion/exclusion criteria (only fully accessible, original, human case-control studies written in English concerning the effect of interleukin genes' polymorphisms on the occurrence of ACL injury were included) and statistical meta-analysis using R version 4.0.3 was performed. The PRISMA methodology was used to review articles. The review protocol was registered under the number CRD42024514316 in the Prospero database. Eighty-nine studies were identified and narrowed down to three original case-control studies used for the meta-analysis. The studies analyzed Polish, South African, and Swedish cohorts, altogether 1282 participants. The candidate polymorphisms indicated in the studies involved IL6 rs1800795, IL6R rs2228145 and IL1B rs16944. The systematic review showed the relationships between IL6 rs1800795 polymorphism and ACLR in the Polish subpopulation, and IL6R rs2228145 and IL1B rs16944 in the South African subpopulations. The meta-analysis revealed that the IL6 rs1800795 CG genotype was over-represented (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.02-1.66), while the CC genotype was under-represented (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.54-1.03) in ACLR subjects, but no significant impact of IL6R rs2228145 was shown. Additionally, a tendency of the IL1B rs16944 CT genotype to be protective (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.70-1.14), while the TT to be a risk genotype (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.84-1.68) was observed. Thus, the relationship between the interleukin receptor IL6R rs2228145 and ACLR risk was not confirmed. However, the impact of genes coding pleiotropic IL6 rs1800795 on the incidences of ACLR was clear and the effect of pro-inflammatory IL1B rs16944 was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lorenz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland; (K.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrzej Mastalerz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland; (K.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Garbacz
- Faculty of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Maculewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland; (K.L.); (A.M.)
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Núñez-Cortés R, López-Bueno L, López-Bueno R, Cuenca-Martínez F, Suso-Martí L, Silvestre A, Casaña J, Cruz-Montecinos C, Andersen LL, Calatayud J. Acute Effects of In-Hospital Resistance Training on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2024; 103:401-409. [PMID: 38063321 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000002366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute responses, in the in-hospital setting, of intensive elastic resistance training on physical function, pain, psychosocial variables, and inflammatory markers in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. DESIGN In a randomized controlled trial, 40 patients with total knee arthroplasty (≥55 yrs) were assigned to either (1) the intervention group (elastic resistance strengthening) or (2) a control group (conventional protocol). Patients performed three sessions in the hospital at 24, 48, and 72 hrs after total knee arthroplasty. Outcome measures included: self-administered physical function, pain intensity, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, range of motion, perceived change, test timed up and go, knee joint effusion, isometric strength, pressure pain thresholds, and inflammatory markers (levels of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein). RESULTS The mixed analysis of variance model showed a significant group*time interaction in favor of the intervention group with a large effect size for kinesiophobia (ηp 2 = 0.308, P < 0.001), catastrophizing (ηp 2 = 0.242, P < 0.001), and passive range of motion flexion (ηp 2 = 0.167, P < 0.001) and a moderate effect size for physical function (ηp 2 = 0.103, P = 0.004), pain intensity (ηp 2 = 0.139, P < 0.001), timed up and go (ηp 2 = 0.132, P = 0.001), self-efficacy (ηp 2 = 0.074, P = 0.016), active range of motion flexion (ηp 2 = 0.121, P = 0.002), levels of procalcitonin (ηp 2 = 0.099, P = 0.005), and C-reactive protein (ηp 2 = 0.106, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Three sessions of intensive elastic resistance training improve physical function, perceived pain, psychosocial variables, and inflammatory markers during the hospitalization period after total knee arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés
- From the Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (RN-C, CC-M); Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (RN-C, CC-M); Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (LL-B, RL-B, FC-M, LS-M, JCas, JCal); Physiotherapy Service, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (LL-B); Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (RL-B); National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark (RL-B, LLA, JCal); Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (AS); Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (AS); and Section of Research, Innovation and Development in Kinesiology, Kinesiology Unit, San José Hospital, Santiago, Chile (CC-M)
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18
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Zhou N, Gong L, Zhang E, Wang X. Exploring exercise-driven exerkines: unraveling the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17267. [PMID: 38699186 PMCID: PMC11064867 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise has many beneficial effects that provide health and metabolic benefits. Signaling molecules are released from organs and tissues in response to exercise stimuli and are widely termed exerkines, which exert influence on a multitude of intricate multi-tissue processes, such as muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, cardiovascular tissue, kidney, and bone. For the metabolic effect, exerkines regulate the metabolic homeostasis of organisms by increasing glucose uptake and improving fat synthesis. For the anti-inflammatory effect, exerkines positively influence various chronic inflammation-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. This review highlights the prospective contribution of exerkines in regulating metabolism, augmenting the anti-inflammatory effects, and providing additional advantages associated with exercise. Moreover, a comprehensive overview and analysis of recent advancements are provided in this review, in addition to predicting future applications used as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target to benefit patients with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training & Recovery of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Enming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- NanoLund Center for NanoScience, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xintang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training & Recovery of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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19
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Artamonov MY, LeBaron TW, Pyatakovich FA, Minenko IA. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Priming: Potential Benefits of Administration of Molecular Hydrogen. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:469. [PMID: 38675429 PMCID: PMC11054387 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising avenue for regenerative medicine, offering the potential to treat a wide range of debilitating diseases and injuries. Among the various types of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and therapeutic potential. In recent years, researchers have been exploring novel approaches to enhance the effectiveness of MSC-based therapies. One such approach that has gained traction is the priming of MSCs with molecular hydrogen (H2). This article delves into the fascinating world of mesenchymal stem cell priming with molecular hydrogen and the potential benefits it holds for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler W. LeBaron
- Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT 84721, USA
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20
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Mallardo M, Daniele A, Musumeci G, Nigro E. A Narrative Review on Adipose Tissue and Overtraining: Shedding Light on the Interplay among Adipokines, Exercise and Overtraining. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4089. [PMID: 38612899 PMCID: PMC11012884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, particularly physical inactivity, are closely linked to the onset of numerous metabolic diseases. Adipose tissue (AT) has been extensively studied for various metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and immune system dysregulation due to its role in energy metabolism and regulation of inflammation. Physical activity is increasingly recognized as a powerful non-pharmacological tool for the treatment of various disorders, as it helps to improve metabolic, immune, and inflammatory functions. However, chronic excessive training has been associated with increased inflammatory markers and oxidative stress, so much so that excessive training overload, combined with inadequate recovery, can lead to the development of overtraining syndrome (OTS). OTS negatively impacts an athlete's performance capabilities and significantly affects both physical health and mental well-being. However, diagnosing OTS remains challenging as the contributing factors, signs/symptoms, and underlying maladaptive mechanisms are individualized, sport-specific, and unclear. Therefore, identifying potential biomarkers that could assist in preventing and/or diagnosing OTS is an important objective. In this review, we focus on the possibility that the endocrine functions of AT may have significant implications in the etiopathogenesis of OTS. During physical exercise, AT responds dynamically, undergoing remodeling of endocrine functions that influence the production of adipokines involved in regulating major energy and inflammatory processes. In this scenario, we will discuss exercise about its effects on AT activity and metabolism and its relevance to the prevention and/or development of OTS. Furthermore, we will highlight adipokines as potential markers for diagnosing OTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mallardo
- Department of Molecular and Biotechnological Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE-Biotechnologies Advances S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Department of Molecular and Biotechnological Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE-Biotechnologies Advances S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotechnologies Advances S.c.a r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Biological, Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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21
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Tarigan AP, Firdaus R, Pandia P, Pradana1 A, Abdullah M, Sinaga SP, Wijanarko W, Triwahyudi B, Vera Y, Maryaningsih M, Eyanoer PC, Listyoko AS. Effectiveness of upper arm and breathing exercises to improve inflammatory markers in severe COVID-19 patients. NARRA J 2024; 4:e417. [PMID: 38798834 PMCID: PMC11125307 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Studies have suggested associations between inflammatory markers with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, exercises that could reduce the level of inflammatory markers might be beneficial. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of upper arm and breathing exercises on inflammatory markers such as ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in severe COVID-19 patients. A quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test control group design was conducted among severe COVID-19 aged 18-70 years old, with or without comorbidities. Baseline data of inflammatory markers (ferritin, LDH, and CRP) were measured before the exercises and repeated post-exercise. The upper arm and breathing exercises were performed for ten days, twice a day (morning and evening) for ten minutes. A paired Student t-test was used to assess the changes in the inflammatory markers' levels. Our data indicated that levels of ferritin and CRP were not significantly different between pre- and post-exercise. However, the level of LDH decreased significantly from 481.35 U/L to 331.80 U/L (p=0.001). This study highlights that pulmonary rehabilitation exercises might be beneficial to enhance the recovery process in severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira P. Tarigan
- Divison of Asthma COPD, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ruby Firdaus
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Pandiaman Pandia
- Divison of Asthma COPD, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Andika Pradana1
- Divison of Asthma COPD, Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Muntasir Abdullah
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Sudirman P. Sinaga
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, H. Adam Malik Central General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Wijanarko
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Siti Hajar, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Bibit Triwahyudi
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Siti Hajar, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Vera
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Siti Hajar, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | - Putri C. Eyanoer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Aditya S. Listyoko
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty Of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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22
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Wijesekara T, Luo J, Xu B. Critical review on anti-inflammation effects of saponins and their molecular mechanisms. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2007-2022. [PMID: 38372176 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights the increasing interest in one of the natural compounds called saponins, for their potential therapeutic applications in addressing inflammation which is a key factor in various chronic diseases. It delves into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of these amphiphilic compounds, prevalent in plant-based foods and marine organisms. Their structures vary with soap-like properties influencing historical uses in traditional medicine and sparking renewed scientific interest. Recent research focuses on their potential in chronic inflammatory diseases, unveiling molecular actions such as NF-κB and MAPK pathway regulation and COX/LOX enzyme inhibition. Saponin-containing sources like Panax ginseng and soybeans suggest novel anti-inflammatory therapies. The review explores their emerging role in shaping the gut microbiome, influencing composition and activity, and contributing to anti-inflammatory effects. Specific examples, such as Panax notoginseng and Gynostemma pentaphyllum, illustrate the intricate relationship between saponins, the gut microbiome, and their collective impact on immune regulation and metabolic health. Despite promising findings, the review emphasizes the need for further research to comprehend the mechanisms behind anti-inflammatory effects and their interactions with the gut microbiome, underscoring the crucial role of a balanced gut microbiome for optimal health and positioning saponins as potential dietary interventions for managing chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharuka Wijesekara
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Jinhai Luo
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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23
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Diaz-Castro J, Reyes-Olavarría D, Toledano JM, Puche-Juarez M, Garcia-Vega JE, Ochoa JJ, Moreno-Fernandez J. Assessment of muscle endocrine function and inflammatory signalling in male school children following a physical activity programme. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:936-942. [PMID: 38422951 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Regular and planned physical activity can diminish the risk of numerous illnesses. However, school children and teenagers often exercise intermittently and for brief periods, restricting potential benefits. Furthermore, previous studies mainly focused on body composition, without providing molecular mechanisms elucidating the role of physical activity in muscle tissue and inflammatory signalling. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a vigorous physical activity intervention on endocrine muscle function and cytokine output in children. METHODS 103 boys were divided into two groups: control (n = 51, did not perform additional physical activity) and exercise (n = 52, performed vigorous physical activity). Body composition measurements, endocrine muscle function and inflammatory signalling biomarkers were assessed at enrolment and after 6 months of intervention. RESULTS No statistical significance was found for fractalkine, oncostatin, EGF, TNF-α and eotaxin. However, LIF, FBAP3, IL-6, FGF21 and IL-15 increased in the exercise group at the end of the protocol, though myostatin got decreased. In contrast, IFN-γ was increased in the exercise group at the beginning and end of the exercise protocol, IL-10 was also increased in this group, IL-1α decreased in the exercise group before and after the exercise protocol, and IP-10 and MCP-1 also decreased in the exercise group. CONCLUSION It can be affirmed that a physical activity programme for boys was shown to produce changes in body composition (decreased fat mass, increased lean mass) and in markers of endocrine muscle function and cytokine release. It is possible that these changes, if sustained, could reduce the risk of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniela Reyes-Olavarría
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Juan M Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose Eulogio Garcia-Vega
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain.
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24
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da Mata GE, Bricola R, Ribeiro DN, Simabuco FM, Pauli JR, de Freitas EC, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR, Pinto AP. Acute exercise modulates Trim63 and Bmal1 in the skeletal muscle of IL-10 knockout mice. Cytokine 2024; 175:156484. [PMID: 38159471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory role of physical exercise is mediated by interleukin 10 (IL-10), and their release is possibly upregulated in response to IL-6. Previous studies demonstrated that mice lacking IL-6 (IL-6 KO mice) exhibited diminished exercise tolerance, and reduced strength. Rev-erbα, a transcriptional suppressor involved in circadian rhythm, has been discovered to inhibit the expression of genes linked to bodily functions, encompassing inflammation and metabolism. It also plays a significant role in skeletal muscle and exercise performance capacity. Given the potential association between Rev-erbα and the immune system and the fact that both pathways are modulated following acute aerobic exercise, we examined the physical performance of IL-10 KO mice and analyzed the modulation of the atrophy and Rev-erbα pathways in the muscle of wild type (WT) and IL-10 KO mice following one session of acute exercise. For each phenotype, WT and IL-10 KO were divided into two subgroups (Control and Exercise). The acute exercise session started at 6 m/min, followed by 3 m/min increments every 3 min until animal exhaustion. Two hours after the end of the exercise protocol, the gastrocnemius muscle was removed and prepared for the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-q-PCR) and immunoblotting technique. In summary, compared to WT, the IL-10 KO animals showed lower body weight and grip strength in the baseline. The IL-10 control group presented a lower protein content of BMAL1. After the exercise protocol, the IL-10 KO group had higher mRNA levels of Trim63 (atrophy signaling pathway) and lower mRNA levels of Clock and Bmal1 (Rev-erbα signaling pathway). This is the first study showing the relationship between Rev-erbα and atrophy in IL-10 KO mice. Also, we accessed a public database that analyzed the gastrocnemius of MuRF KO mice submitted to two processes of muscle atrophy, a denervation surgery and dexamethasone (Dexa) injections. Independently of knockout, the denervation demonstrated lower Nr1d1 levels. In conclusion, IL-10 seems to be a determinant in the Rev-erbα pathway and atrophy after acute exercise, with no modulation in the baseline state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Eduardo da Mata
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bricola
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen C de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana P Pinto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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Donati F, Biasini GM, de la Torre X, Botrè F. Serum myokines as potential biomarkers of myostatin inhibition in sport doping: a preliminary study on their baseline levels in elite athletes. Biol Sport 2024; 41:175-183. [PMID: 38524822 PMCID: PMC10955737 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.132982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We considered in this study the possibility of developing an indirect procedure for detecting myostatin inhibition/suppression, a practice that is prohibited as doping in sport. We have specifically considered the potential diagnostic utility of human serum myokines as indirect markers of myostatin inhibition. Myostatin, its main antagonist follistatin, and other myokines (follistatin-like 1, musclin, oncostatin, osteonectin, irisin, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1) were selected as a panel of potential biomarkers whose levels may be altered following myostatine suppression. The serum levels of myostatin and of the nine myokines were measured in elite athletes of different age, sex, and sport discipline, and their cross correlation assessed by multivariate analysis. All myokines resulted to be measurable in human serum, except for musclin and irisine, whose levels were below the limits of quantitation in a reduced number of samples. Serum concentrations varied of different orders in magnitude (musclin and osteonectin < 1 ng/mL; follistatin, myostatine and irisine 1-5 ng/mL; brainderived neurotrophic factor, follistatin-like 1 and iinsulin-like growth factor-1 > 10 ng/mL), while no significant differences were found between female and male subjects, with the exceptions of follistatin-like 1 and musclin, showing a higher concentrations in females (p < 0.05). Levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 and brain derived neurotrophic factor were significantly higher in power athletes than in endurance ones. Multivariate statistics showed that musclin, follistatin-like 1 and oncostatin are more clustered and correlated to myostatin than other myokines, suggesting they could be considered as potential biomarkers of doping by myostatin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Donati
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Xavier de la Torre
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
- REDs – Research and Expertise in anti-Doping sciences, ISSUL – Institute of sport sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne Switzerland
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26
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Hollenbach L, Rogahn J, le Coutre P, Schulze S, Muegge LO, Geissler J, Gruen J, Junghanss C, Felser S. Physical exercise recommendations for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia based on individual preferences identified in a large international patient survey study of the East German Study Group for Hematology and Oncology (OSHO #97). Front Oncol 2024; 14:1345050. [PMID: 38450192 PMCID: PMC10915004 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1345050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly lowered mortality of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients adjusting life expectancy to that of the standard population. However, CML and its treatment with TKIs causes a high disease burden. Physical exercise (PE) could be a non-pharmacological approach to reducing these and improving quality of life. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the individual disease burden as well as PE preferences of CML patients and to deduce thereof specific PE recommendations. Methods This multicenter survey was conducted in cooperation with the LeukaNET/Leukemia-patient network including CML patients aged ≥18 years (German Registry of Clinical Trials, DRKS00023698). The severity of selected symptoms was assessed using the adapted Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Symptom Assessment Form: 0 (absent), 1-30 (mild), 31-70 (moderate), or 71-100 (severe). Information about patients' PE needs and preferences depending on their motivation was recorded. Results A total of 212 questionnaires were analyzed (52% female, median age 54 years). The prevalence of moderate-to-severe symptoms was 49% for fatigue, 40% for musculoskeletal pain, and 37% for concentration problems. Other commonly reported symptoms included skin reactions (42%) and weight gain (24%). The proportion of overweight/obese patients was 52%. Half of all respondents requested more information regarding PE. Patients with CML preferred individual training (82%), located outdoors (71%), at home (47%), or in an indoor swimming pool (31%). Regarding the training frequency, sports-inactive patients preferred a frequency of 1-2 training sessions per week, whereas sports-active patients preferred 3-4 sessions per week (p <0.001). Sports-inactive patients preferred a training time of 15-45 minutes, while sports-active patients preferred 30-60 minutes (p = 0.002). Subsequently, PE recommendations were developed for patients with CML. Combined resistance and endurance training (moderate intensity twice per week for 30 minutes) was recommended for beginners. Obese patients should prioritize joint-relieving sports. To reduce the risk of skin reactions, direct sunlight and possibly water sports should be avoided, and UV protection should be used. Conclusion Counseling and motivation of CML patients to be physically active should be part of the standard of care as well as support for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hollenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic III – Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julia Rogahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic III – Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philipp le Coutre
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Campus Virchow‐Klinikum, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susann Schulze
- Krukenberg Cancer Center Halle, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Medicine, Medical Clinic II, Carl-von-Basedow-Klinikum, Merseburg, Germany
| | - Lars-Olof Muegge
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Heinrich Braun Klinikum Zwickau, Zwickau, Germany
| | - Jan Geissler
- LeukaNET/Leukemia-Online e. V., Riemering, Germany
| | - Julia Gruen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic III – Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic III – Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabine Felser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic III – Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Nazanin M, Razi M, Tolouei-Azar J. Effect of running exercise training on inflammatory mediators and cytokines expression in testicular tissue; effect of exercise intensity. Life Sci 2024; 339:122397. [PMID: 38185243 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of running exercise training protocols (ETPs) with varying intensities on inflammatory responses, with a specific focus on the interactions between inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and Leydig cell steroidogenic activity, as well as testosterone secretion. To this end, 24 Wistar rats were subdivided into sedentary control, low (LICT), moderate (MICT), and high (HICT) intensity continuous running ETP groups. After 8 weeks, the expression levels of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-KB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the testicular nitric oxide (NO) content were assessed and compared between groups. Moreover, the mean distributions of Leydig cells/mm2 of interstitial connective tissue, their steroidogenic activity, and serum level of testosterone were assessed. The LICT did not show any significant (p > 0.05) change in the expression levels of all aforementioned biomarkers. In contrast, both the MICT and HICT groups demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the expression levels of TLR-4, NFK-B, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 at both the mRNA and protein levels. The testicular NO has increased in HICT and MICT groups. Despite a decrease in the distribution of Leydig cells in both the MICT and HICT groups, the HICT group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in Leydig cell steroidogenic activity and serum testosterone levels. In conclusion, our findings revealed that ETPs can influence Leydig cell steroidogenic activity and testosterone secretion, contingent on their intensity. These effects are attributed to alterations in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozaffari Nazanin
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Tolouei-Azar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Daneshgah Blv, Urmia, Iran
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Šimunić-Briški N, Dukarić V, Očić M, Madžar T, Vinicki M, Frkatović-Hodžić A, Knjaz D, Lauc G. Regular moderate physical exercise decreases Glycan Age index of biological age and reduces inflammatory potential of Immunoglobulin G. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:67-76. [PMID: 38147152 PMCID: PMC10957704 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity and obesity are growing concerns, negatively impacting the general population. Moderate physical activity is known to have a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect. N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) reflects changes in the inflammatory potential of IgG. In this study, GlycanAge index of biological age (GlycanAge), one of the first commercially used biomarkers of aging, was employed to assess effects of exercise intensity in three different groups of athletes: professional competing athletes, regularly moderate active individuals and newly involved recreational individuals, compared to the group of inactive individuals. GlycanAge was significantly lower in the active group compared to the inactive group (β = -7.437, p.adj = 7.85E-03), and nominally significant and increased in professional athletes compared to the active group (β = 7.546, p = 3.20E-02). Competing female athletes had significantly higher GlycanAge comparing to active females exercising moderately (β = 20.206, p.adj = 2.71E-02), while the latter had significantly lower GlycanAge when compared with the inactive counterparts (β = -9.762, p.adj = 4.68E-02). Regular, life-long moderate exercise has an anti-inflammatory effect in both female and male population, demonstrated by lower GlycanAge index, and it has great potential to mitigate growing issues related to obesity and a sedentary lifestyle, which are relentlessly increasing world-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vedran Dukarić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mateja Očić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Madžar
- Vaš Pregled Sports and Occupation Medicine Polyclinic, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Damir Knjaz
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Ltd, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Vu LT, Ahmed F, Zhu H, Iu DSH, Fogarty EA, Kwak Y, Chen W, Franconi CJ, Munn PR, Tate AE, Levine SM, Stevens J, Mao X, Shungu DC, Moore GE, Keller BA, Hanson MR, Grenier JK, Grimson A. Single-cell transcriptomics of the immune system in ME/CFS at baseline and following symptom provocation. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101373. [PMID: 38232699 PMCID: PMC10829790 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a serious and poorly understood disease. To understand immune dysregulation in ME/CFS, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to examine immune cells in patient and control cohorts. Postexertional malaise (PEM), an exacerbation of symptoms following strenuous exercise, is a characteristic symptom of ME/CFS. To detect changes coincident with PEM, we applied scRNA-seq on the same cohorts following exercise. At baseline, ME/CFS patients display classical monocyte dysregulation suggestive of inappropriate differentiation and migration to tissue. We identify both diseased and more normal monocytes within patients, and the fraction of diseased cells correlates with disease severity. Comparing the transcriptome at baseline and postexercise challenge, we discover patterns indicative of improper platelet activation in patients, with minimal changes elsewhere in the immune system. Taken together, these data identify immunological defects present at baseline in patients and an additional layer of dysregulation in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyen Tien Vu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Genomics Innovation Hub and TREx Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hongya Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David Shing Huk Iu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fogarty
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yeonui Kwak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Weizhong Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carl J Franconi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Paul R Munn
- Genomics Innovation Hub and TREx Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ann E Tate
- Genomics Innovation Hub and TREx Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | - Xiangling Mao
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dikoma C Shungu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey E Moore
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Betsy A Keller
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Maureen R Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jennifer K Grenier
- Genomics Innovation Hub and TREx Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Sahu B, Pani S, Swalsingh G, Senapati U, Pani P, Pati B, Rout S, Trivedi R, Raj R, Dey S, Jeet A, Kumar D, Bal NC. Long-term physical inactivity induces significant changes in biochemical pathways related to metabolism of proteins and glycerophospholipids in mice. Mol Omics 2024; 20:64-77. [PMID: 37909389 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity affects multiple organ systems, including the musculoskeletal system, which upsets the delicate balance of several secretory factors leading to metabolic derailment. This reduces contractile recruitment of the skeletal muscle with dampening of its oxidative capacity resulting in impaired intramuscular lipid metabolism and substrate utilization. We hypothesized that this altered phenotype would also have an indispensable effect on circulatory cytokines and the level of metabolic intermediates. In this study, comparison between sedentary (SED) and exercised (EXER) animal models showed that organismal metabolic parameters (body mass, oxygen utilization and glucose tolerance) are altered based on physical activity. Our data suggest that cytokines linked to glycemic excursions (insulin, c-peptide, glucagon) and their passive regulators (leptin, BDNF, active ghrelin, and GIP) exhibit changes in the SED group. Furthermore, some of the proinflammatory cytokines and myokines were upregulated in SED. Interestingly, serum metabolite analysis showed that the levels of glucogenic amino acids (alanine, glycine, tryptophan, proline and valine), nitrogenous amino acids (ornithine, asparagine, and glutamine) and myogenic metabolites (taurine, creatine) were altered due to the level of physical activity. A pyrimidine nucleoside (uridine), lipid metabolite (glycerol) and ketone bodies (acetoacetate and acetate) were found to be altered in SED. A Spearman rank correlation study between SED and CTRL showed that cytokines build a deformed network with metabolites in SED, indicating significant modifications in amino acids, phosphatidylinositol phosphate and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways. Overall, long-term physical inactivity reorganizes the profile of proinflammatory cytokines, glucose sensing hormones, and protein and glycerophospholipid metabolism, which might be the initial factors of metabolic diseases due to SED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayashree Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Sunil Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | | | - Unmod Senapati
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Punyadhara Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Benudhara Pati
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Subhasmita Rout
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Rimjhim Trivedi
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
| | - Ritu Raj
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
| | - Suchanda Dey
- SOA University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Amar Jeet
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
| | - Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Interplay of G-proteins and Serotonin in the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Model of Chronic Stress and Depression: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:180-214. [PMID: 38151838 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128285578231218102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low-grade neuroinflammation in key brain regions, particularly focusing on the roles of G proteins and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. METHODS This comprehensive review of the literature employs systematic, narrative, and scoping review methodologies, combined with systemic approaches to general pathology. It synthesizes current research on shared signaling pathways involved in stress responses and neuroinflammation, including calcium-dependent mechanisms, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and key transcription factors like NF-κB and p53. The review also focuses on the role of G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors (GPCRs) in immune and pro-inflammatory responses, with a detailed analysis of how 13 of 14 types of human 5-HT receptors contribute to depression and neuroinflammation. RESULTS The review reveals a complex interaction between neurotransmitter signals and immunoinflammatory responses in stress-related pathologies. It highlights the role of GPCRs and canonical inflammatory mediators in influencing both pathological and physiological processes in nervous tissue. CONCLUSION The proposed Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS Model) suggests that proinflammatory signaling pathways, mediated by metabotropic and ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, are crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Chronic mental stress can disrupt this balance, leading to increased pro-inflammatory states in the brain and contributing to neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, including depression. This model integrates traditional theories on depression pathogenesis, offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Laboratory of Inflammation Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
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Sint Jago SC, Bahabry R, Schreiber AM, Homola J, Ngyuen T, Meijia F, Allendorfer JB, Lubin FD. Aerobic exercise alters DNA hydroxymethylation levels in an experimental rodent model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2023; 25:100642. [PMID: 38323091 PMCID: PMC10844942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2023.100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of aerobic exercise in mitigating seizures and cognitive issues in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is recognized, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Using a rodent TLE model induced by Kainic acid (KA), we investigated the impact of a single bout of exercise (i.e., acute) or 4 weeks of aerobic exercise (i.e., chronic). Blood was processed for epilepsy-associated serum markers, and DNA methylation (DNAme), and hippocampal area CA3 was assessed for gene expression levels for DNAme-associated enzymes. While acute aerobic exercise did not alter serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) or Interleukin-6 (IL-6), chronic exercise resulted in an exercise-specific decrease in serum BDNF and an increase in serum IL-6 levels in epileptic rats. Additionally, whole blood DNAme levels, specifically 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), decreased in epileptic animals following chronic exercise. Hippocampal CA3 5-hmC levels and ten-eleven translocation protein (TET1) expression mirrored these changes. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that most 5-hmC changes in response to chronic exercise were neuron-specific within area CA3 of the hippocampus. Together, these findings suggest that DNAme mechanisms in the rodent model of TLE are responsive to chronic aerobic exercise, with emphasis on neuronal 5-hmC DNAme in the epileptic hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudhab Bahabry
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | | | - Julia Homola
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Tram Ngyuen
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Fernando Meijia
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Jane B. Allendorfer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Farah D. Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
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Park KH, Lee H, Park EY, Sung JH, Song MK, An M, Bang E, Baek SY, Do Y, Lee S, Lim Y. Effects of an urban forest healing program on cancer-related fatigue in cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer 2023; 32:4. [PMID: 38051396 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the effects of an eight-session structured urban forest healing program for cancer survivors with fatigue. BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a complex and multifactorial common symptom among cancer survivors that limits quality of life (QoL). Although health benefits of forest healing on physiological, physical, and psychological aspect as well as on the immune system have been reported in many studies, there is limited evidence on the efficacy of specialized forest program for cancer survivors. METHOD A single-blinded, pre-test and post-test control group clinical trial was conducted with -75 cancer survivors assigned to either the forest healing group or the control group. The intervention was an eight-session structured urban forest program provided at two urban forests with easy accessibility. Each session consists of three or four major activities based on six forest healing elements such as landscape, phytoncides, anions, sounds, sunlight, and oxygen. Complete data of the treatment-adherent sample (≥ 6 sessions) was used to examine whether sociodemographic, clinical, physiological (respiratory function, muscle strength, balance, 6-min walking test) and psychological (distress, mood state, sleep quality, QoL) characteristics at baseline moderated the intervention effect on fatigue severity at 9 weeks. RESULTS Significant time-group interactions were observed muscle strength, balance, 6-min walking test, distress, fatigue, moods, and QoL. The mean difference in fatigue between pre- and post-forest healing program was 9.1 (95% CI 6.2 to 11.9), 11.9 (95% CI 7.6 to 16.1) in moods, and -93.9 (95% CI -123.9 to -64.0) in QoL, showing significant improvements in forest healing group, but no significant improvements in the control group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that a forest healing program positively impacts the lives of cancer survivors, by addressing both physical and psychological challenges associated with CRF. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER KCT0008447 (Date of registration: May 19, 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hi Park
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Hambangmoe-ro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea.
- Graduate School, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Haneul Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Graduate School, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Hambangmoe-ro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea
- Graduate School, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Sung
- College of Nursing, Kosin University, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Song
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Miyoung An
- Department of Nursing, Yeoju Institute of Technology, Yeoju, Korea
| | - Esther Bang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Hambangmoe-ro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Yi Baek
- Graduate School, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yerim Do
- Graduate School, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sieun Lee
- Graduate School, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Youngeun Lim
- Graduate School, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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Chang KV, Wu WT, Chen YH, Chen LR, Hsu WH, Lin YL, Han DS. Enhanced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and -6 in sarcopenia: alleviation through exercise and nutrition intervention. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13471-13485. [PMID: 38032288 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has been conducted on the post-intervention inflammatory status in sarcopenic patients, despite previous studies revealing elevated pro-inflammatory markers. This study aimed to investigate the potential elevation of specific pro-inflammatory cytokines in sarcopenic patients and evaluate the effects of exercise and nutritional support interventions on these cytokine levels. METHODS In this post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 57 individuals with sarcopenia from the RCT and 57 non-sarcopenic participants from the same geriatric community cohort that did not participate in the RCT were enrolled. Grip strength and body composition measurements were recorded. Tumor necrotizing factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-15 levels were assessed at baseline for both groups and after a 12-week intervention consisting of resistive exercise and supplementation with branched-chain amino acids, calcium, and vitamin D3 in the patients with sarcopenia. RESULTS The sarcopenic group demonstrated significantly lower body weight, body mass index, grip strength, and skeletal muscle mass index. Moreover, sarcopenic patients exhibited higher levels of TNF-α (p=0.007), IL-1β (p<0.001), and IL-6 (p<0.001), while no significant difference was observed in IL-15 (p=0.345) between participants with and those without sarcopenia. Following the intervention, the sarcopenic group experienced significant improvements in grip strength and skeletal muscle mass index with a notable reduction in TNF-α (p=0.003), IL-1β (p=0.012) and IL-6 (p=0.001) levels. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenic patients exhibit elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, which declined after nutrition support and exercise interventions. However, further research is necessary to evaluate the long-term impact of these interventions on cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Vin Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wang-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Rong Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Sheng Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
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Almuraikhy S, Sellami M, Al-Amri HS, Domling A, Althani AA, Elrayess MA. Impact of Moderate Physical Activity on Inflammatory Markers and Telomere Length in Sedentary and Moderately Active Individuals with Varied Insulin Sensitivity. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5427-5438. [PMID: 38026244 PMCID: PMC10674740 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s429899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity-associated immune response plays a crucial role in the aging process. This study aimed to determine the impact of short-term moderate physical activity on cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and telomere length in lean/overweight young subjects. Methods Fasting blood samples were collected from 368 participants at Qatar Biobank. Based on their homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), participants were categorized as insulin sensitive (IS) or insulin resistant (IR). Subsequently, they were divided into four groups: sedentary IS (n = 90), sedentary IR (n = 90), moderately active IS (n = 94), and moderately active IR (n = 94). Moderate physical activity was defined as walking at least two days per week for more than 150 minutes, as determined by physical activity questionnaires. Serum samples were analyzed for circulating inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22, MCP-1/CCL2, TNF-α), as well as antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD and catalase). Telomere lengths were measured in the respective DNA samples. Results Moderately active IR participants exhibited significantly lower SOD activity, while catalase activity did not show significant differences. Moderately active IS participants had higher IL-6 and IL-10 levels compared to sedentary IS participants, with no significant differences observed in the IR counterparts. Telomere length did not significantly differ between the physically active and sedentary groups. Conclusion This study highlights the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of moderate physical activity in individuals with insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance. However, no significant changes in telomere length were observed, suggesting a complex relationship between physical activity and the aging process. Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and optimize the balance between anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation through exercise and lifestyle adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma Almuraikhy
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadaia Saleh Al-Amri
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alexander Domling
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Asmaa A Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Mohamad Yusoff F, Nakashima A, Kajikawa M, Kishimoto S, Maruhashi T, Higashi Y. Therapeutic Myogenesis Induced by Ultrasound Exposure in a Volumetric Skeletal Muscle Loss Injury Model. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3554-3566. [PMID: 37743748 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231195850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) irradiation has been shown to induce various responses in different cells. It has been shown that LIPUS activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) through integrin. PURPOSE To study the effects of LIPUS on myogenic regulatory factors and other related myogenesis elements in a volumetric skeletal muscle loss injury model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were subjected to full-thickness muscle defect injury of the quadriceps and treated with direct application of LIPUS 20 min/d or non-LIPUS treatment (control) for 3, 7, and 14 days. LIPUS was also applied to C2C12 cells in culture in the presence of low and high doses of lipopolysaccharides. The expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors and the expression levels of myokine-related and angiogenic-related proteins of the control and LIPUS groups were analyzed. RESULTS Muscle volume in the injury site was restored at day 14 with LIPUS treatment. Paired-box protein 7, myogenic factor 5, myogenin, and desmin expressions were significantly different between control and LIPUS groups at days 7 and 14. Myokine and angiogenic cytokine-related factors were significantly increased in the LIPUS group at day 3 and decreased with no significant difference between the groups by day 14. LIPUS induced different responses of myogenic regulatory factors in C2C12 cells with low and high doses of lipopolysaccharides. LIPUS promoted myogenesis through short-lived increase in interleukin-6 and heme oxygenase 1, together with activation of ERK1/2. CONCLUSION LIPUS had a constant effect on the variables of tissue damage, from macrotrauma to microtrauma, leading to efficient muscle regeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The focus of therapeutic strategies with LIPUS has been not only for microvascular regeneration but also for skeletal muscle and related local tissue recovery from acute or chronic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Division of Radiation Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Division of Radiation Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Division of Radiation Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Division of Radiation Medical Science, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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Shapiro M, Hamulyák EN, Leader A, Landau R, Middeldorp S, Gurevich-Shapiro A. Venous thromboembolism among physically active young adult females. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:102236. [PMID: 38193067 PMCID: PMC10772887 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Young adult females are at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to various acquired and transient factors. In recent years, a growing number of females have engaged in strenuous physical activity, but its role as a risk factor for VTE is uncertain. Objectives To determine the incidence of VTE in young adult females engaged in strenuous physical activity. Methods A large national cohort of female individuals enlisted in the Israeli Defense Forces between 2012 and 2019 was analyzed. The study group consisted of participants undergoing strenuous physical training during their military service, while the control group maintained regular activity levels. We compared the incidence of VTE between the groups and adjusted for potential risk factors using a multivariate Cox analysis. Results The cohort included 160,718 female individuals aged 18 to 21years, of whom 11,745 engaged in strenuous physical activity and 148,973 served as controls. During a mean follow-up of 1.7 years, VTE occurred in 5 individuals (0.04%) in the strenuous activity group and 47 individuals (0.03%) in the control group. The incidence per 10,000 person-years was 2.41 (95% CI, 0.78-5.62) for the strenuous activity group and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.34-2.42) for the controls. Strenuous activity did not increase the risk for VTE in univariate or multivariate regression, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.27 (95% CI, 0.49-4.22). Use of oral contraceptives was the only significant risk factor, demonstrating dose effect; HR 1.95 (95% CI, 1.06-3.57) for low dose and HR 3.62 (95% CI, 1.40-9.37) for medium estrogen dose contraceptives. Conclusion Strenuous physical activity did not increase the risk for VTE among a large cohort of young adult female individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shapiro
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eva N. Hamulyák
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Avi Leader
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Regev Landau
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Endocrine Department, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
- Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tzrifin, Israel
| | - Saskia Middeldorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Gurevich-Shapiro
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Hematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Sher EK, Džidić-Krivić A, Karahmet A, Beća-Zećo M, Farhat EK, Softić A, Sher F. Novel therapeutical approaches based on neurobiological and genetic strategies for diabetic polyneuropathy - A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102901. [PMID: 37951098 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathy is among the most often reported consequences of diabetes and the biggest cause of morbidity and mortality in people suffering from this life-long disease. Although different therapeutic methods are available for diabetic neuropathy, it is still the leading cause of limb amputations, and it significantly decreases patients' quality of life. AIM This study investigates potential novel therapeutic options that could ameliorate symptoms of DN. METHODOLOGY Research and review papers from the last 10 years were taken into consideration. RESULTS There are various traditional drugs and non-pharmacological methods used to treat this health condition. However, the research in the area of pathogenic-oriented drugs in the treatment of DN showed no recent breakthroughs, mostly due to the limited evidence about their effectiveness and safety obtained through clinical trials. Consequently, there is an urgent demand for the development of novel therapeutic options for diabetic neuropathy. CONCLUSION Some of the latest novel diagnostic methods for diagnosing diabetic neuropathy are discussed as well as the new therapeutic approaches, such as the fusion of neuronal cells with stem cells, targeting gene delivery and novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Karahmet Sher
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Amina Džidić-Krivić
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Zenica, Zenica, 72000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alma Karahmet
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Merima Beća-Zećo
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Victoria International University, Mostar, 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Esma Karahmet Farhat
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Faculty of Food Technology, Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, 31000, Croatia
| | - Adaleta Softić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, 75000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
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Khouri H, Ussher JR, Aguer C. Exogenous Ketone Supplementation and Ketogenic Diets for Exercise: Considering the Effect on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:4228. [PMID: 37836512 PMCID: PMC10574738 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ketogenic diets and ketone supplements have increased in popularity, particularly as a mechanism to improve exercise performance by modifying energetics. Since the skeletal muscle is a major metabolic and locomotory organ, it is important to take it into consideration when considering the effect of a dietary intervention, and the impact of physical activity on the body. The goal of this review is to summarize what is currently known and what still needs to be investigated concerning the relationship between ketone body metabolism and exercise, specifically in the skeletal muscle. Overall, it is clear that increased exposure to ketone bodies in combination with exercise can modify skeletal muscle metabolism, but whether this effect is beneficial or detrimental remains unclear and needs to be further interrogated before ketogenic diets or exogenous ketone supplementation can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Khouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Céline Aguer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University-Campus Outaouais, Gatineau, QC J8V 3T4, Canada
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Minoretti P, Santiago Sáez AS, García Martín ÁF, Liaño Riera M, Gómez Serrano M, Emanuele E. Impact of different job types on serum cytokine levels in apparently healthy individuals: A comparative study among airline pilots, construction workers, and fitness instructors. Cytokine 2023; 169:156291. [PMID: 37399605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of occupational factors on serum cytokine concentrations has not been extensively explored. In this preliminary investigation, we measured the amounts of 12 cytokines in the serum of healthy individuals, comparing three diverse professional categories (aviation pilots, building laborers, and exercise trainers) with distinct work settings and lifestyle factors. METHODS The study sample comprised 60 men from three distinct professional fields - airline pilots, construction laborers, and fitness trainers (20 participants per category) - who were enlisted during regular outpatient occupational health appointments. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-α, and IFN-γ were measured on a Luminex® platform using a specific kit. Cytokine levels were compared among the three professional groups to determine any significant differences. RESULTS Among the three occupational groups, fitness instructors demonstrated elevated IL-4 concentrations in comparison to both airline pilots and construction laborers, with no significant difference between the latter two professions. Additionally, a stepwise increase in IL-6 levels was identified, commencing with fitness instructors presenting the lowest quantities, succeeded by construction workers, and culminating with airline pilots, who displayed the most elevated concentrations. CONCLUSION Serum cytokine levels in healthy individuals can exhibit variations based on their occupation. Given the unfavorable cytokine profile detected in airline pilots, it is crucial for the aviation sector to tackle potential health concerns within their employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piercarlo Minoretti
- Studio Minoretti, Oggiono (LC), Italy; Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés S Santiago Sáez
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel F García Martín
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miryam Liaño Riera
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez Serrano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enzo Emanuele
- 2E Science, Via Monte Grappa 13, I-27038 Robbio (PV), Italy.
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Tognoloni A, Bartolini D, Pepe M, Di Meo A, Porcellato I, Guidoni K, Galli F, Chiaradia E. Platelets Rich Plasma Increases Antioxidant Defenses of Tenocytes via Nrf2 Signal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13299. [PMID: 37686103 PMCID: PMC10488198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathies are common disabling conditions in equine and human athletes. The etiology is still unclear, although reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS) seem to play a crucial role. In addition, OS has been implicated in the failure of tendon lesion repair. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in growth factors that promote tissue regeneration. This is a promising therapeutic approach in tendon injury. Moreover, growing evidence has been attributed to PRP antioxidant effects that can sustain tissue healing. In this study, the potential antioxidant effects of PRP in tenocytes exposed to oxidative stress were investigated. The results demonstrated that PRP reduces protein and lipid oxidative damage and protects tenocytes from OS-induced cell death. The results also showed that PRP was able to increase nuclear levels of redox-dependent transcription factor Nrf2 and to induce some antioxidant/phase II detoxifying enzymes (superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H oxidoreductase quinone-1, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and glutathione, S-transferase). Moreover, PRP also increased the enzymatic activity of catalase and glutathione S-transferase. In conclusion, this study suggests that PRP could activate various cellular signaling pathways, including the Nrf2 pathway, for the restoration of tenocyte homeostasis and to promote tendon regeneration and repair following tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Tognoloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Desiree Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (D.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Antonio Di Meo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Ilaria Porcellato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Kubra Guidoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (D.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (A.D.M.); (I.P.); (K.G.)
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Armadans-Tremolosa I, Selva-O'Callaghan A. Inflammatory myopathy in adults, health-related quality of life, and wellbeing: a round trip between immune disease and wellness. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:1239-1246. [PMID: 37452824 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2238128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and wellbeing are poorer in patients with chronic conditions than in the general population, and this is the case of individuals with myositis. Research has shown a negative relationship between this disease and wellbeing, but there is little data on the effect that enhanced wellbeing has on the disease course. AREAS COVERED HRQoL, wellbeing, and other related concepts are examined here with special emphasis on the benefits of positive status in the physical, environmental, psychological, and social function areas for reducing the severity of the clinical course and organ damage in a chronic condition such as myositis. The factors affecting HRQoL, and wellbeing are analyzed to delineate specific strategies that will lead to improvements in the life of adult patients with myositis. The mechanisms implicated in these changes are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Myositis refers to a heterogeneous group of chronic systemic autoimmune diseases. HRQoL and wellbeing are poor in these patients, and evidence suggests that improvements in this line can have positive repercussions on the course and outcome of the disease. Strategies to improve HRQoL and wellbeing should be designed for adults with myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immaculada Armadans-Tremolosa
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, PsicoSAO-Research Group in Social, Environmental, and Organizational Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Selva-O'Callaghan
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Vall d'Hebron General Hospital, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Picca A, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Leewenburgh C, Marzetti E. Inflammatory, mitochondrial, and senescence-related markers: Underlying biological pathways of muscle aging and new therapeutic targets. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112204. [PMID: 37169101 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of functional health is pivotal for achieving independent life in older age. The aged muscle is characterized by ultrastructural changes, including loss of type I and type II myofibers and a greater proportion of cytochrome c oxidase deficient and succinate dehydrogenase positive fibers. Both intrinsic (e.g., altered proteostasis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction) and extrinsic factors (e.g., denervation, altered metabolic regulation, declines in satellite cells, and inflammation) contribute to muscle aging. Being a hub for several cellular activities, mitochondria are key to myocyte viability and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in age-associated physical decline. The maintenance of functional organelles via mitochondrial quality control (MQC) processes is, therefore, crucial to skeletal myofiber viability and organismal health. The autophagy-lysosome pathway has emerged as a critical step of MQC in muscle by disposing organelles and proteins via their tagging for autophagosome incorporation and delivery to the lysosome for clearance. This pathway was found to be altered in muscle of physically inactive older adults. A relationship between this pathway and muscle tissue composition of the lower extremities as well as physical performance was also identified. Therefore, integrating muscle structure and myocyte quality control measures in the evaluation of muscle health may be a promising strategy for devising interventions fostering muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, 70100 Bari, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, 70100 Bari, Italy; DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Sellami M, Puce L, Bragazzi NL. Immunological Response to Exercise in Athletes with Disabilities: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1692. [PMID: 37372810 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For a person with a disability, participating in sports activities and/or competitions can be a challenge for the immune system. The relationship between exercise and immunity response in disabled athletes is, indeed, extremely complex for several reasons, including (1) the chronic low-grade inflammatory and immunodepression-"secondary immune deficiency"-state imposed by the disability/impairment; (2) the impact of the disability on an array of variables, spanning from physical fitness to well-being, quality of life, sleep, and nutritional aspects, among others, which are known to mediate/modulate the effects of exercise on human health; (3) the variability of the parameters related to the exercise/physical activity (modality, frequency, intensity, duration, training versus competition, etc.); and (4) the intra- and inter-individual variability of the immunological response to exercise. In able-bodied athletes, previously published data described several exercise-induced changes affecting various immunological subsets and subpopulations, ranging from neutrophils to lymphocytes, and monocytes. Broadly, moderate intensity workout is accompanied by optimal immunity and resistance to infections such as upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in athletes. Periods of intense training with insufficient recovery can cause a temporary state of immunosuppression, which should end with a few days of rest/recovery from exercise. Disabled athletes are relatively overlooked and understudied with respect to their able-bodied counterparts. Findings from the few studies available on paralympic and disabled athletes are here summarized and analyzed utilizing a narrative approach to review and determine the major features of the immunological and inflammatory responses to exercise in this specific population. Moreover, a few studies have reported behavioral, dietary, and training strategies that can be adopted to limit exercise-induced immunosuppression and reduce the risk of infection in people with disabilities. However, given the paucity of data and contrasting findings, future high-quality investigations on paralympic and disabled athletes are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Ghali A, Lacombe V, Ravaiau C, Delattre E, Ghali M, Urbanski G, Lavigne C. The relevance of pacing strategies in managing symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome. J Transl Med 2023; 21:375. [PMID: 37291581 PMCID: PMC10248991 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) shares many features with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). PCS represents a major health issue worldwide because it severely impacts patients' work activities and their quality of life. In the absence of treatment for both conditions and given the beneficial effect of pacing strategies in ME/CFS, we conducted this study to assess the effectiveness of pacing in PCS patients. METHODS We retrospectively included patients meeting the World Health Organization definition of PCS who attended the Internal Medicine Department of Angers University Hospital, France between June 2020 and June 2022, and were followed up until December 2022. Pacing strategies were systematically proposed for all patients. Their medical records were reviewed and data related to baseline and follow-up assessments were collected. This included epidemiological characteristics, COVID-19 symptoms and associated conditions, fatigue features, perceived health status, employment activity, and the degree of pacing adherence assessed by the engagement in pacing subscale (EPS). Recovery was defined as the ability to return to work, and improvement was regarded as the reduction of the number and severity of symptoms. RESULTS A total of 86 patients were included and followed-up for a median time of 10 [6-13] months. Recovery and improvement rates were 33.7% and 23.3%, respectively. The EPS score was the only variable significantly associated with recovery on multivariate analysis (OR 40.43 [95% CI 6.22-262.6], p < 0.001). Patients who better adhered to pacing (high EPS scores) experienced significantly higher recovery and improvement rates (60-33.3% respectively) than those with low (5.5-5.5% respectively), or moderate (4.3-17.4% respectively) scores. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that pacing is effective in the management of patients with PCS, and that high levels of adherence to pacing are associated with better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Ghali
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Angers University Hospital, 4 Rue Larrey, 49000, Angers, France.
| | - Valentin Lacombe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Angers University Hospital, 4 Rue Larrey, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Camille Ravaiau
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Angers University Hospital, 4 Rue Larrey, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Estelle Delattre
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Angers University Hospital, 4 Rue Larrey, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Maria Ghali
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Geoffrey Urbanski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Angers University Hospital, 4 Rue Larrey, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Christian Lavigne
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Angers University Hospital, 4 Rue Larrey, 49000, Angers, France
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Butler T. Letter to the Editor: Intense Exercise and Associated Blood-Brain Barrier Leakiness and Systemic Inflammation at the Time of Brain Injury May Be Relevant to Understanding Why Only Sports-Related Concussions Are Associated With Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1255-1256. [PMID: 36534765 PMCID: PMC10259602 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Butler
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Arana Echarri A, Struszczak L, Beresford M, Campbell JP, Thompson D, Turner JE. The effects of exercise training for eight weeks on immune cell characteristics among breast cancer survivors. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1163182. [PMID: 37252426 PMCID: PMC10211347 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1163182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods This study examined the effects of exercise training for 8 weeks on blood immune cell characteristics among 20 breast cancer survivors (age 56 ± 6 years, Body Mass Index 25.4 ± 3.0 kg m2) within two years of treatment. Participants were randomly allocated to a partly-supervised or a remotely-supported exercise group (n = 10 each). The partly supervised group undertook 2 supervised (laboratory-based treadmill walking and cycling) and 1 unsupervised session per week (outdoor walking) progressing from 35 to 50 min and 55% to 70% V˙O2max. The remotely-supported group received weekly exercise/outdoor walking targets (progressing from 105 to 150 min per week 55% to 70% V˙O2max) via weekly telephone calls discussing data from a fitness tracker. Immune cell counts were assessed using flow cytometry: CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Naïve, NA; Central memory, CM; and Effector cells, EM and EMRA; using CD27/CD45RA), Stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCMs; using CD95/CD127), B cells (plasmablasts, memory, immature and naïve cells using CD19/CD27/CD38/CD10) and Natural Killer cells (effector and regulatory cells, using CD56/CD16). T cell function was assessed by unstimulated HLA-DR expression or interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production with Enzyme-linked ImmunoSpot assays following stimulation with virus or tumour-associated antigens. Results Total leukocyte counts, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils did not change with training (p > 0.425). Most CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subtypes, including TSCMs, and B cell and NK cell subtypes did not change (p > 0.127). However, across groups combined, the CD4+ EMRA T cell count was lower after training (cells/µl: 18 ± 33 vs. 12 ± 22, p = 0.028) and these cells were less activated on a per cell basis (HLA-DR median fluorescence intensity: 463 ± 138 vs. 420 ± 77, p = 0.018). Furthermore, the partly-supervised group showed a significant decrease in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio (3.90 ± 2.98 vs. 2.54 ± 1.29, p = 0.006) and a significant increase of regulatory NK cells (cells/µl: 16 ± 8 vs. 21 ± 10, p = 0.011). T cell IFN-γ production did not change with exercise training (p > 0.515). Discussion In summary, most immune cell characteristics are relatively stable with 8 weeks of exercise training among breast cancer survivors. The lower counts and activation of CD4+ EMRA T cells, might reflect an anti-immunosenescence effect of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Beresford
- Department for Oncology and Haematology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dylan Thompson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Bigseth TT, Engh JA, Andersen E, Bang-Kittilsen G, Egeland J, Falk RS, Holmen TL, Mordal J, Nielsen J, Ueland T, Vang T, Fredriksen M. Alterations in inflammatory markers after a 12-week exercise program in individuals with schizophrenia-a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1175171. [PMID: 37265560 PMCID: PMC10231033 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1175171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In individuals with schizophrenia, inflammation is associated with depression, somatic comorbidity and reduced quality of life. Physical exercise is known to reduce inflammation in other populations, but we have only limited knowledge in the field of schizophrenia. We assessed inflammatory markers in plasma samples from individuals with schizophrenia participating in an exercise intervention randomized controlled trial. We hypothesized that (i) physical exercise would reduce levels of inflammatory markers and (ii) elevated inflammatory status at baseline would be associated with improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) following intervention. Method Eighty-two individuals with schizophrenia were randomized to a 12-week intervention of either high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 43) or active video gaming (AVG, n = 39). Participants were assessed at baseline, post intervention and four months later. The associations between exercise and the inflammatory markers soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, c-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), soluble TNF receptor 1 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were estimated using linear mixed effect models for repeated measures. For estimating associations between baseline inflammation and change in CRF, we used linear regression models. Results Our main findings were (i) TNF and IL-6 increased during the intervention period for both groups. Other inflammatory markers did not change during the exercise intervention period; (ii) baseline inflammatory status did not influence change in CRF during intervention, except for a positive association between baseline IL-6 levels and improvements of CRF to post intervention for both groups. Conclusion In our study, HIIT and AVG for 12-weeks had no reducing effect on inflammatory markers. Patients with high baseline IL-6 levels had a positive change in CRF during intervention. In order to increase our knowledge regarding association between inflammatory markers and exercise in individuals with schizophrenia, larger studies with more frequent and longer exercise bout duration are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Torgersen Bigseth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - John Abel Engh
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Eivind Andersen
- Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of Southeast Norway, Horten, Norway
| | - Gry Bang-Kittilsen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jens Egeland
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Sørum Falk
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Langerud Holmen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jon Mordal
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jimmi Nielsen
- Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - Torkel Vang
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mats Fredriksen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
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Thirupathi A, Yong W, Oflaz O, Agascioglu E, Gu Y. Exercise and COVID-19: exercise intensity reassures immunological benefits of post-COVID-19 condition. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1036925. [PMID: 37275224 PMCID: PMC10233405 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1036925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Any form of physical activity, including exercise, has various benefits at the physiological (improving cardiac and respiratory functions, increasing skeletal muscle mass, and maintaining homeostasis) and psychological levels (improving cognitive function, reducing anxiety and depression) which help to combat any type of infection. In contrast, the infectivity ratio could reduce the physical activity of an individual, such as performing a habitual exercise. Adaptation to different exercise strategies including intensity and duration may better increase physical performance and improve the symptoms. For example, low to moderate intensity perhaps fails to induce this adaptive process, while high-intensity of exercise compromises immune health. This can aggravate the infection rate (Open window theory). However, high intensity with a shorter time produces various morphological alterations in the primary organs including the lungs and heart, which facilitate life support in COVID-19 patients. However, less information about exercise protocols failed to assure the benefits of exercise to COVID-19 patients, particularly post-COVID-19 conditions. Therefore, this review will answer how exercise intensity is crucial to reassure the exercise benefits for promoting safe participation before infection and post-COVID-19 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Thirupathi
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wang Yong
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ofcan Oflaz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Eda Agascioglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Nordén KR, Semb AG, Dagfinrud H, Hisdal J, Ødegård S, Sexton J, Fongen C, Skandsen J, Blanck T, Metsios GS, Tveter AT. Associations between cardiovascular risk factors, disease activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with inflammatory joint disease: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:63. [PMID: 37085935 PMCID: PMC10120183 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory joint diseases (IJD) are accompanied by an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a modifiable CVD risk factor and low levels of CRF associate with an elevated CVD risk. This study aimed to investigate the associations between CVD risk factors, disease activity and CRF in patients with IJD and to explore differences between patients with normal versus low levels of CRF. METHODS CRF was measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) with a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Participants were also evaluated for: Body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, inflammatory markers and disease activity. Patient-reported use of cigarettes/snuff, medication, disease duration, pain, fatigue, CVD history, habitual physical activity and exercise beliefs and self-efficacy were collected by questionnaire. Cross-sectional associations between CVD risk factors, disease-related factors and CRF were analyzed by multiple linear regression. CRF was categorized to normal CRF (VO2peak ≥ 80%) or low CRF (VO2peak < 80%) according to age- and gender-stratified reference data. Differences in demographic, CVD and disease-related factors between patients with normal versus low CRF were explored. RESULTS In 60 Norwegian patients with IJD [34 females, age 59 years (IQR: 52-63)], mean VO2peak was 30.2 (± 6.9) mL/kg/min, corresponding to 83% (± 18) of normative reference values. Age (coefficient: - 0.18 years, p = 0.01) and fat mass (coefficient: - 0.67 %, p < 0.001) were inversely associated with CRF, while physical activity index (coefficient: 0.13 points, p = 0.05) was positively associated with CRF (R2 = 0.66). There were no significant associations between CRF, classical CVD risk factors and disease-related variables. Compared to patients with low CRF (n = 30), patients with normal CRF (n = 30) had higher peak oxygen uptake (+ 9.4 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+ 0.5 mmol L-1, p < 0.001), and exercise self-efficacy (+ 6.9, p < 0.01) as well as lower fat mass (- 8.7%, p < 0.001), resting heart rate (- 8.0 beats/min, p < 0.01) and triglycerides (- 0.5 mmol L-1, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this sample of IJD-patients, age, fatmass and physical activity level were associated with CRF. CRF was lower than reference values and patients with normal CRF presented with a more favorable health profile. There is a continued need for exercise interventions to improve CRF in patients with IJD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04922840.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Røren Nordén
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Postboks 23, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne Grete Semb
- The Preventive Cardio-Rheuma Clinic, Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Dagfinrud
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Postboks 23, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Aker, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid Ødegård
- Norwegian National Unit for Rehabilitation for Rheumatic Patients with Special Needs, Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joseph Sexton
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Postboks 23, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Fongen
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Postboks 23, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Skandsen
- Patient Advisory Board, Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thalita Blanck
- Patient Advisory Board, Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - George S Metsios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Anne Therese Tveter
- Center for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Postboks 23, 0319, Vinderen, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Rehabilitation in Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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