1
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Long T, Li D, Vale G, Jiang Y, Schmiege P, Yang ZJ, McDonald JG, Li X. Molecular insights into human phosphatidylserine synthase 1 reveal its inhibition promotes LDL uptake. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00895-X. [PMID: 39208797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, two phosphatidylserine (PS) synthases drive PS synthesis. Gain-of-function mutations in the Ptdss1 gene lead to heightened PS production, causing Lenz-Majewski syndrome (LMS). Recently, pharmacological inhibition of PSS1 has been shown to suppress tumorigenesis. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of wild-type human PSS1 (PSS1WT), the LMS-causing Pro269Ser mutant (PSS1P269S), and PSS1WT in complex with its inhibitor DS55980254. PSS1 contains 10 transmembrane helices (TMs), with TMs 4-8 forming a catalytic core in the luminal leaflet. These structures revealed a working mechanism of PSS1 akin to the postulated mechanisms of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase family. Additionally, we showed that both PS and DS55980254 can allosterically inhibit PSS1 and that inhibition by DS55980254 activates the SREBP pathways, thus enhancing the expression of LDL receptors and increasing cellular LDL uptake. This work uncovers a mechanism of mammalian PS synthesis and suggests that selective PSS1 inhibitors have the potential to lower blood cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Long
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dongyu Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Goncalo Vale
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yaoyukun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Philip Schmiege
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhongyue J Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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2
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Teng YC, Gielen MC, de Gruijter NM, Ciurtin C, Rosser EC, Karu K. Phytosterols in human serum as measured using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 241:106519. [PMID: 38614432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterols are lipophilic compounds found in plants with structural similarity to mammalian cholesterol. They cannot be endogenously produced by mammals and therefore always originate from diet. There has been increased interest in dietary phytosterols over the last few decades due to their association with a variety of beneficial health effects including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous effects. They are proposed as potential moderators for diseases associated with the central nervous system where cholesterol homeostasis is found to be imperative (multiple sclerosis, dementia, etc.) due to their ability to reach the brain. Here we utilised an enzyme-assisted derivatisation for sterol analysis (EADSA) in combination with a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) to characterise phytosterol content in human serum. As little as 100 fg of plant sterol was injected on a reversed phase LC column. The method allows semi-quantitative measurements of phytosterols and their derivatives simultaneously with measurement of cholesterol metabolites. The identification of phytosterols in human serum was based on comparison of their LC retention times and MS2, MS3 spectra with a library of authentic standards. Free campesterol serum concentration was in the range from 0.30-4.10 µg/mL, β-sitosterol 0.16-3.37 µg/mL and fucosterol was at lowest concentration range from 0.05-0.38 µg/mL in ten individuals. This analytical methodology could be applied to the analysis of other biological fluids and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chun Teng
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Claire Gielen
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina M de Gruijter
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kersti Karu
- UCL Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, 20 Gordon Street, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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3
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Low ZS, Chua D, Cheng HS, Tee R, Tan WR, Ball C, Sahib NBE, Ng SS, Qu J, Liu Y, Hong H, Cai C, Rao NCL, Wee A, Muthiah MD, Bichler Z, Mickelson B, Kong MS, Tay VS, Yan Z, Chen J, Ng AS, Yip YS, Vos MIG, Tan NA, Lim DL, Lim DXE, Chittezhath M, Yaligar J, Verma SK, Poptani H, Guan XL, Velan SS, Ali Y, Li L, Tan NS, Wahli W. The LIDPAD Mouse Model Captures the Multisystem Interactions and Extrahepatic Complications in MASLD. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404326. [PMID: 38952069 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents an impending global health challenge. Current management strategies often face setbacks, emphasizing the need for preclinical models that faithfully mimic the human disease and its comorbidities. The liver disease progression aggravation diet (LIDPAD), a diet-induced murine model, extensively characterized under thermoneutral conditions and refined diets is introduced to ensure reproducibility and minimize species differences. LIDPAD recapitulates key phenotypic, genetic, and metabolic hallmarks of human MASLD, including multiorgan communications, and disease progression within 4 to 16 weeks. These findings reveal gut-liver dysregulation as an early event and compensatory pancreatic islet hyperplasia, underscoring the gut-pancreas axis in MASLD pathogenesis. A robust computational pipeline is also detailed for transcriptomic-guided disease staging, validated against multiple harmonized human hepatic transcriptomic datasets, thereby enabling comparative studies between human and mouse models. This approach underscores the remarkable similarity of the LIDPAD model to human MASLD. The LIDPAD model fidelity to human MASLD is further confirmed by its responsiveness to dietary interventions, with improvements in metabolic profiles, liver histopathology, hepatic transcriptomes, and gut microbial diversity. These results, alongside the closely aligned changing disease-associated molecular signatures between the human MASLD and LIDPAD model, affirm the model's relevance and potential for driving therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Rachel Tee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Wei Ren Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Christopher Ball
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Norliza Binte Esmail Sahib
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ser Sue Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yingzi Liu
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Haiyu Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 Mei Hua East Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Chaonong Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 Mei Hua East Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | | | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Mark Dhinesh Muthiah
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Zoë Bichler
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | | | - Mei Suen Kong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Shiyun Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Zhuang Yan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jiapeng Chen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yun Sheng Yip
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ivan Gerard Vos
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Nicole Ashley Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Dao Liang Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Debbie Xiu En Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Manesh Chittezhath
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Xue Li Guan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Sambasivam Sendhil Velan
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse, 1331, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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4
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Wang C, Gamage PL, Jiang W, Mudalige T. Excipient-related impurities in liposome drug products. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124164. [PMID: 38688429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as drug delivery systems to increase the efficacy and reduce the off-target toxicity of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The liposomes are more complex drug delivery systems than the traditional dosage forms, and phospholipids and cholesterol are the major structural excipients. These two excipients undergo hydrolysis and/or oxidation during liposome preparation and storage, resulting in lipids hydrolyzed products (LHPs) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in the final liposomal formulations. These excipient-related impurities at elevated concentrations may affect liposome stability and exert biological functions. This review focuses on LHPs and COPs, two major categories of excipient-related impurities in the liposomal formulations, and discusses factors affecting their formation, and analytical methods to determine these excipient-related impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Wang
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Prabhath L Gamage
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
| | - Thilak Mudalige
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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5
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Dunk MM, Rapp SR, Hayden KM, Espeland MA, Casanova R, Manson JE, Shadyab AH, Wild R, Driscoll I. Plasma oxysterols are associated with serum lipids and dementia risk in older women. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3696-3704. [PMID: 38574442 PMCID: PMC11095475 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) carriers' tendency toward hypercholesterolemia may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk through oxysterols, which traverse the blood-brain barrier. METHODS Relationships between baseline plasma oxysterols, APOE status, serum lipids, and cognitive impairment risk were examined in 328 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Women were followed for 25 years or until incident dementia or cognitive impairment. RESULTS Levels of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC), 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), and 24-OHC/27-OHC ratio did not differ by APOE status (p's > 0.05). Higher 24-OHC and 27-OHC were associated with higher total, low density lipoprotein (LDL), non-high density lipoprotein (HDL), remnant, LDL/HDL, and total/HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (p's < 0.05). Higher 24-OHC/27-OHC was associated with greater dementia risk (hazard ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval:1.02-2.22), which interaction analyses revealed as significant for APOE3 and APOE4+, but not APOE2+ carriers. DISCUSSION Less favorable lipid profiles were associated with higher oxysterol levels. A higher ratio of 24-OHC/27-OHC may contribute to dementia risk in APOE3 and APOE4+ carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Dunk
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Wisconsin – MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Aging Research CenterDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Stephen R. Rapp
- Department of Social Sciences and Health PolicyDivision of Public Health SciencesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health PolicyDivision of Public Health SciencesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Social Sciences and Health PolicyDivision of Public Health SciencesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data ScienceWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's PreventionWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistics and Data ScienceWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity ScienceUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert Wild
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biostatistics and EpidemiologyOklahoma University Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Ira Driscoll
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Wisconsin – MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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6
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Rong S, Xia M, Vale G, Wang S, Kim CW, Li S, McDonald JG, Radhakrishnan A, Horton JD. DGAT2 inhibition blocks SREBP-1 cleavage and improves hepatic steatosis by increasing phosphatidylethanolamine in the ER. Cell Metab 2024; 36:617-629.e7. [PMID: 38340721 PMCID: PMC10939742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) catalyzes the final step of triglyceride (TG) synthesis. DGAT2 deletion in mice lowers liver TGs, and DGAT2 inhibitors are under investigation for the treatment of fatty liver disease. Here, we show that DGAT2 inhibition also suppressed SREBP-1 cleavage, reduced fatty acid synthesis, and lowered TG accumulation and secretion from liver. DGAT2 inhibition increased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inhibited SREBP-1 cleavage, while DGAT2 overexpression lowered ER PE concentrations and increased SREBP-1 cleavage in vivo. ER enrichment with PE blocked SREBP-1 cleavage independent of Insigs, which are ER proteins that normally retain SREBPs in the ER. Thus, inhibition of DGAT2 shunted diacylglycerol into phospholipid synthesis, increasing the PE content of the ER, resulting in reduced SREBP-1 cleavage and less hepatic steatosis. This study reveals a new mechanism that regulates SREBP-1 activation and lipogenesis that is independent of sterols and SREBP-2 in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxing Rong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Goncalo Vale
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Simeng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Chai-Wan Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Shili Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Arun Radhakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Jay D Horton
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
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7
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Relovska S, Wang H, Zhang X, Fernández-Tussy P, Jeong KJ, Choi J, Suárez Y, McDonald JG, Fernández-Hernando C, Chung JJ. DHCR24-mediated sterol homeostasis during spermatogenesis is required for sperm mitochondrial sheath formation and impacts male fertility over time. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.21.572851. [PMID: 38187697 PMCID: PMC10769317 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Desmosterol and cholesterol are essential lipid components of the sperm plasma membrane. Cholesterol efflux is required for capacitation, a process through which sperm acquire fertilizing ability. In this study, using a transgenic mouse model overexpressing 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24), an enzyme in the sterol biosynthesis pathway responsible for the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol, we show that disruption of sterol homeostasis during spermatogenesis led to defective sperm morphology characterized by incomplete mitochondrial packing in the midpiece, reduced sperm count and motility, and a decline in male fertility with increasing paternal age, without changes in body fat composition. Sperm depleted of desmosterol exhibit inefficiency in the acrosome reaction, metabolic dysfunction, and an inability to fertilize the egg. These findings provide molecular insights into sterol homeostasis for sperm capacitation and its impact on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Relovska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pablo Fernández-Tussy
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kyung Jo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeffrey G. McDonald
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jean-Ju Chung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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8
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Li Y, Ran Q, Duan Q, Jin J, Wang Y, Yu L, Wang C, Zhu Z, Chen X, Weng L, Li Z, Wang J, Wu Q, Wang H, Tian H, Song S, Shan Z, Zhai Q, Qin H, Chen S, Fang L, Yin H, Zhou H, Jiang X, Wang P. 7-Dehydrocholesterol dictates ferroptosis sensitivity. Nature 2024; 626:411-418. [PMID: 38297130 PMCID: PMC11298758 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death that is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, has been implicated in multiple diseases, including cancer1-3, degenerative disorders4 and organ ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)5,6. Here, using genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identified that the enzymes involved in distal cholesterol biosynthesis have pivotal yet opposing roles in regulating ferroptosis through dictating the level of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC)-an intermediate metabolite of distal cholesterol biosynthesis that is synthesized by sterol C5-desaturase (SC5D) and metabolized by 7-DHC reductase (DHCR7) for cholesterol synthesis. We found that the pathway components, including MSMO1, CYP51A1, EBP and SC5D, function as potential suppressors of ferroptosis, whereas DHCR7 functions as a pro-ferroptotic gene. Mechanistically, 7-DHC dictates ferroptosis surveillance by using the conjugated diene to exert its anti-phospholipid autoxidation function and shields plasma and mitochondria membranes from phospholipid autoxidation. Importantly, blocking the biosynthesis of endogenous 7-DHC by pharmacological targeting of EBP induces ferroptosis and inhibits tumour growth, whereas increasing the 7-DHC level by inhibiting DHCR7 effectively promotes cancer metastasis and attenuates the progression of kidney IRI, supporting a critical function of this axis in vivo. In conclusion, our data reveal a role of 7-DHC as a natural anti-ferroptotic metabolite and suggest that pharmacological manipulation of 7-DHC levels is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer and IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Ran
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhui Duan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Jin
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjin Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyun Zhu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Weng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zan Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongling Tian
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihui Song
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shili Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Fang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Saito H, Nishimura M, Sato R, Yamauchi Y. Quantitative Determination of Cholesterol Hydroxylase Specificities by GC-MS/MS in Living Mammalian Cells. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4924. [PMID: 38268974 PMCID: PMC10804311 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is oxygenated by a variety of cholesterol hydroxylases; oxysterols play diverse important roles in physiological and pathophysiological conditions by regulating several transcription factors and cell-surface receptors. Each oxysterol has distinct and overlapping functions. The expression of cholesterol hydroxylases is highly regulated, but their physiological and pathophysiological roles are not fully understood. Although the activity of cholesterol hydroxylases has been characterized biochemically using radiolabeled cholesterol as the substrate, their specificities remain to be comprehensively determined quantitatively. To better understand their roles, a highly sensitive method to measure the amount of various oxysterols synthesized by cholesterol hydroxylases in living mammalian cells is required. Our method described here, with gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), can quantitatively determine a series of oxysterols endogenously synthesized by forced expression of one of the four major cholesterol hydroxylases-CH25H, CYP7A1, CYP27A1, and CYP46A1-or induction of CH25H expression by a physiological stimulus. This protocol can also simultaneously measure the amount of intermediate sterols, which serve as markers for cellular cholesterol synthesis activity. Key features • Allows measuring the amount of a variety of oxysterols synthesized endogenously by cholesterol hydroxylases using GC-MS/MS. • Comprehensive and quantitative analysis of cholesterol hydroxylase specificities in living mammalian cells. • Simultaneous quantification of intermediate sterols to assess cholesterol synthesis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodaka Saito
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of
Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Nishimura
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of
Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied
Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and
Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of
Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied
Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and
Development, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Olkkonen VM, Gylling H. Oxy- and Phytosterols as Biomarkers: Current Status and Future Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:353-375. [PMID: 38036889 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols and phytosterols are sterol compounds present at markedly low levels in tissues and serum of healthy individuals. A wealth of evidence suggests that they could be employed as biomarkers for human diseases or for cholesterol absorption.An increasing number of reports suggest circulating or tissue oxysterols as putative biomarkers for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases or cancers. Thus far most of the studies have been carried out on small study populations. To achieve routine biomarker use, large prospective cohort studies are absolutely required. This, again, would necessitate thorough standardization of the oxysterol analytical methodology across the different laboratories, which now employ different technologies resulting in inconsistencies in the measured oxysterol levels. Routine use of oxysterol biomarkers would also necessitate the development of a new targeted analytical methodology suitable for high-throughput platforms.The most important use of phytosterols as biomarkers involves their use as markers for cholesterol absorption. For this to be achieved, (1) their quantitative analyses should be available in routine lipid laboratories, (2) it should be generally acknowledgment that the profile of cholesterol metabolism can reveal the risk of the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), and (3) screening of the profile of cholesterol metabolism should be included in the ASCVD risk surveys. This should be done e.g. in families with a history of early onset or frequent ASCVD and in young adults aged 18-20 years, to exclude the presence of high cholesterol absorption. Individuals in high cholesterol absorption families need preventive measures from young adulthood to inhibit the possible development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Helena Gylling
- Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Mahmood T, Miles JR, Minnier J, Tavori H, DeBarber AE, Fazio S, Shapiro MD. Effect of PCSK9 inhibition on plasma levels of small dense low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e50-e58. [PMID: 37923663 PMCID: PMC10957330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized forms of cholesterol (oxysterols) are implicated in atherogenesis and can accumulate in the body via direct absorption from food or through oxidative reactions of endogenous cholesterol, inducing the formation of LDL particles loaded with oxidized cholesterol. It remains unknown whether drastic reductions in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) are associated with changes in circulating oxysterols and whether small dense LDL (sdLDL) are more likely to carry these oxysterols and susceptible to the effects of PCSK9 inhibition (PCSK9i). OBJECTIVE We investigate the effect of LDL-C reduction accomplished via PCSK9i on changes in plasma levels of sdLDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and a common, stable oxysterol, 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), among 134 patients referred to our Preventive Cardiology clinic. METHODS Plasma lipid panel, sdLDL-C, and 7-KC measurements were obtained from patients before and after initiation of PCSK9i. RESULTS The intervention caused a significant lowering of LDL-C (-55.4 %). The changes in sdLDL-C levels (mean reduction 51.4 %) were highly correlated with the reductions in LDL-C levels (R = 0.829, p < 0.001). Interestingly, whereas changes in plasma free 7-KC levels with PCSK9i treatment were much smaller than (-6.6 %) and did not parallel those of LDL-C and sdLDL-C levels, they did significantly correlate with changes in triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels (R = 0.219, p = 0.025). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a non-preferential clearance of LDL subparticles as a consequence of LDL receptor upregulation caused by PCSK9 inhibition. Moreover, the lack of significant reduction in 7-KC with PCSK9i suggests that 7-KC may be in part carried by VLDL and lost during lipoprotein processing leading to LDL formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mahmood
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Portland, OR, USA (Dr Mahmood, Miles, Minnier, Tavori and Fazio)
| | - Joshua R Miles
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Portland, OR, USA (Dr Mahmood, Miles, Minnier, Tavori and Fazio)
| | - Jessica Minnier
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Portland, OR, USA (Dr Mahmood, Miles, Minnier, Tavori and Fazio); Oregon Health & Science University, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA (Dr Minnier)
| | - Hagai Tavori
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Portland, OR, USA (Dr Mahmood, Miles, Minnier, Tavori and Fazio)
| | - Andrea E DeBarber
- Oregon Health & Science University, University Shared Resources, Portland, OR, USA (Dr DeBarber)
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Portland, OR, USA (Dr Mahmood, Miles, Minnier, Tavori and Fazio)
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Winston-Salem, NC, USA (Dr Shapiro).
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12
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Kømurcu KS, Wilson SR, Røberg-Larsen H. LC-MS Approaches for Oxysterols in Various Biosamples. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:57-71. [PMID: 38036875 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols are involved in a plethora of biological processes, including a wide variety of diseases. Therefore, monitoring oxysterols is important for obtaining a deeper understanding of their biological roles and utilizing them as, for example, biomarkers. However, oxysterols can be challenging compounds to study, as they can be very similar in chemical structure but still have distinct biological roles. In addition, oxysterols may be difficult to detect, even with advanced analytical instrumentation. We here focus on the use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the analysis of oxysterols, with an additional focus on the steps needed to prepare oxysterols for LC-MS. Steps can include chemical modification of the oxysterols for improving LC-MS sensitivity and adding chemicals that can reveal if the oxysterol levels have been perturbed during preparation. We then round off with descriptions and applications of various sample preparations for different biological matrices, from blood to cells, and biosamples with emerging attention, for example, exosomes and organoids. Taken together, oxysterol analysis is highly compatible with a wide variety of biosamples, allowing for a deeper understanding of these challenging analytes.
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13
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Rojas D, Benachenhou S, Laroui A, Aden AA, Abolghasemi A, Galarneau L, Irakoze TJ, Plantefeve R, Bouhour S, Toupin A, Corbin F, Fink G, Mallet PL, Çaku A. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay to quantify plasma 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol: A new approach integrating the concept of ion ratio. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 235:106408. [PMID: 37806531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol holds substantial biological significance due to their involvement in pivotal cellular processes, encompassing cholesterol homeostasis, inflammatory responses, neuronal signaling, and their potential as disease biomarkers. The plasma determination of these oxysterols is challenging considering their low concentrations and similarities in terms of empirical formulae, molecular structure, and physicochemical properties across all human endogenous plasma oxysterols. To overcome these sensitivity and specificity issues, we developed and validated a quantification method using liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry instrument. Validation studies were designed inspired by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) C62-A Guidelines. The linearity ranged between 20 and 300 nM for both oxysterols with limits of quantification at 20 nM and 30 nM for 24(S)-OHC and 27-OHC, respectively. Inter-day precision coefficient variations (CV) were lower than 10% for both oxysterols. An optimal separation of 25-OHC was obtained from 24(S)-OHC and 27-OHC with a resolution (Rs) > 1.25. The determination and validation of ion ratios for 24(S)-OHC and 27-OHC enabled another quality check in identifying interferents that could impact the quantification. Our developed and validated LC-MS/MS method allows consistent and reliable quantification of human plasmatic 24(S)-OHC and 27-OHC that is warranted in fundamental and clinical research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rojas
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sérine Benachenhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Asma Laroui
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Amira Abdourahim Aden
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Armita Abolghasemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Galarneau
- The Medical Physics Unit, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Taratibu Janvière Irakoze
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Rosalie Plantefeve
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Bouhour
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda Toupin
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - François Corbin
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Fink
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Mallet
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Artuela Çaku
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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14
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Ishibashi Y, Sadamitsu S, Fukahori Y, Yamamoto Y, Tanogashira R, Watanabe T, Hayashi M, Ito M, Okino N. Characterization of thraustochytrid-specific sterol O-acyltransferase: modification of DGAT2-like enzyme to increase the sterol production in Aurantiochytrium limacinum mh0186. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0100123. [PMID: 37874286 PMCID: PMC10686087 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01001-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Since the global market for sterols and vitamin D are grown with a high compound annual growth rate, a sustainable source of these compounds is required to keep up with the increasing demand. Thraustochytrid is a marine oleaginous microorganism that can synthesize several sterols, which are stored as SE in lipid droplets. DGAT2C is an unconventional SE synthase specific to thraustochytrids. Although the primary structure of DGAT2C shows high similarities with that of DGAT, DGAT2C utilizes sterol as an acceptor substrate instead of diacylglycerol. In this study, we examined more detailed enzymatic properties, intracellular localization, and structure-activity relationship of DGAT2C. Furthermore, we successfully developed a method to increase sterol and provitamin D3 productivity of thraustochytrid by more than threefold in the process of elucidating the function of the DGAT2C-specific N-terminal region. Our findings could lead to sustainable sterol and vitamin D production using thraustochytrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishibashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohei Sadamitsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Fukahori
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rin Tanogashira
- Kyushu University Future Creators in Science Project (QFC-SP), Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Lei J, Wu L, Zhou M, Wang J, Yang S, Zhang X, Yan G, Li Y. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells deficient in cholesterol biosynthesis promote tumor immune evasion. Cancer Lett 2023; 564:216208. [PMID: 37150500 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is one of the most promising anticancer strategies. Metabolic reprogramming is vital for MDSC activation, however, the regulatory mechanisms of cholesterol metabolic reprogramming in MDSCs remains largely unexplored. Using the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-deficient MDSC model, a previously established tumor-infiltrating MDSC-like model, we found that the cholesterol accumulation was significantly decreased in these cells. Moreover, the phosphorylated AKT-mTORC1 signaling was reduced, and downstream SREBP2-HMGCR-mediated cholesterol synthesis was blunted. Interestingly, cholesterol deficiency profoundly elevated the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs. Mechanistically, cholesterol elimination induced nuclear accumulation of LXRβ, thereby promoting LXRβ-RXRα heterodimer binding of a novel composite element in the promoter of Arg1. Furthermore, itraconazole enhanced the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs to boost tumor growth by suppressing the RIPK3-AKT-mTORC1 pathway and impeding cholesterol synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that RIPK3 deficiency leads to cholesterol abrogation in MDSCs, which facilitates tumor-infiltrating MDSC activation, and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting cholesterol synthesis to overcome tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yanquan Xu
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Huakan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jiangang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Juan Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jingchun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Pathology, The 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Army 953 Hospital, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, 857000, China
| | - Guifang Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China; Clinical Medicine Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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16
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Uwineza A, Cummins I, Jarrin M, Kalligeraki AA, Barnard S, Mol M, Degani G, Altomare AA, Aldini G, Schreurs A, Balschun D, Ainsbury EA, Dias IHK, Quinlan RA. Identification and quantification of ionising radiation-induced oxysterol formation in membranes of lens fibre cells. ADVANCES IN REDOX RESEARCH 2023; 7:None. [PMID: 38798747 PMCID: PMC11112148 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2022.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ionising radiation (IR) is a cause of lipid peroxidation, and epidemiological data have revealed a correlation between exposure to IR and the development of eye lens cataracts. Cataracts remain the leading cause of blindness around the world. The plasma membranes of lens fibre cells are one of the most cholesterolrich membranes in the human body, forming lipid rafts and contributing to the biophysical properties of lens fibre plasma membrane. Liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry was used to analyse bovine eye lens lipid membrane fractions after exposure to 5 and 50 Gy and eye lenses taken from wholebody 2 Gy-irradiated mice. Although cholesterol levels do not change significantly, IR dose-dependant formation of the oxysterols 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol and 5, 6-epoxycholesterol in bovine lens nucleus membrane extracts was observed. Whole-body X-ray exposure (2 Gy) of 12-week old mice resulted in an increase in 7β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol in their eye lenses. Their increase regressed over 24 h in the living lens cortex after IR exposure. This study also demonstrated that the IR-induced fold increase in oxysterols was greater in the mouse lens cortex than the nucleus. Further work is required to elucidate the mechanistic link(s) between oxysterols and IR-induced cataract, but these data evidence for the first time that IR exposure of mice results in oxysterol formation in their eye lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Uwineza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, University of Durham, South Road, Durham D1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Cummins
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Jarrin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, University of Durham, South Road, Durham D1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Alexia A. Kalligeraki
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, University of Durham, South Road, Durham D1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Barnard
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, University of Durham, South Road, Durham D1 3LE, United Kingdom
- UK Health Security Agency, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0RQ, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Mol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Genny Degani
- Department of Biosciences, Via Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - An Schreurs
- Brain & Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Detlef Balschun
- Brain & Cognition, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsbury
- UK Health Security Agency, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0RQ, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Irundika HK Dias
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, B4 7ET, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Roy A. Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, University of Durham, South Road, Durham D1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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17
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Begcevic Brkovic I, Reinicke M, Chey S, Bechmann I, Ceglarek U. Characterization of Non-Cholesterol Sterols in Microglia Cell Membranes Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070974. [PMID: 37048046 PMCID: PMC10093698 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-cholesterol sterols, as well as plant sterols, cross the blood-brain barrier and, thus, can be incorporated into cell membranes, affecting the cell's inflammatory response. The aim of our work was to develop an analytical protocol for a quantitative assessment of the sterol composition within the membrane microdomains of microglia. METHODS A protocol for cell membrane isolation using OptiPrepTM gradient ultracentrifugation, in combination with a targeted mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based assay, was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of free sterols in microglia cell membranes. RESULTS Utilizing an established LC-MS/MS assay, cholesterol and seven non-cholesterol sterols were analyzed with a limit of detection from 0.001 to 0.05 mg/L. Applying the detergent-free isolation of SIM-A9 microglia cell membranes, cholesterol (CH), desmosterol (DE), lanosterol (LA) stigmasterol (ST), beta-sitosterol (SI) and campesterol (CA) were quantified with coefficients of variations between 6 and 29% (fractions 4-6, n = 5). The highest concentrations of non-CH sterols within the microglia plasma membranes were found in the microdomain region (DE>LA>SI>ST>CA), with ratios to CH ranging from 2.3 to 435 lower abundancies. CONCLUSION By applying our newly developed and validated analytical protocol, we show that the non-CH sterol concentration is about 38% of the total sterol content in microglia membrane microdomains. Further investigations must clarify how changes in the non-sterol composition influence membrane fluidity and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilijana Begcevic Brkovic
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Reinicke
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Soroth Chey
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Nguyen TP, Wang W, Sternisha AC, Corley CD, Wang HYL, Wang X, Ortiz F, Lim SK, Abdullah KG, Parada LF, Williams NS, McBrayer SK, McDonald JG, De Brabander JK, Nijhawan D. Selective and brain-penetrant lanosterol synthase inhibitors target glioma stem-like cells by inducing 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol production. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:214-229.e18. [PMID: 36758549 PMCID: PMC10008516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive adult brain cancer with few treatment options due in part to the challenges of identifying brain-penetrant drugs. Here, we investigated the mechanism of MM0299, a tetracyclic dicarboximide with anti-glioblastoma activity. MM0299 inhibits lanosterol synthase (LSS) and diverts sterol flux away from cholesterol into a "shunt" pathway that culminates in 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol (EPC). EPC synthesis following MM0299 treatment is both necessary and sufficient to block the growth of mouse and human glioma stem-like cells by depleting cellular cholesterol. MM0299 exhibits superior selectivity for LSS over other sterol biosynthetic enzymes. Critical for its application in the brain, we report an MM0299 derivative that is orally bioavailable, brain-penetrant, and induces the production of EPC in orthotopic GBM tumors but not normal mouse brain. These studies have implications for the development of an LSS inhibitor to treat GBM or other neurologic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu P Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wentian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alex C Sternisha
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chase D Corley
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hua-Yu Leo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Francisco Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sang-Kyun Lim
- Department of Development Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luis F Parada
- Department of Development Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jef K De Brabander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Deepak Nijhawan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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19
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Canfrán-Duque A, Rotllan N, Zhang X, Andrés-Blasco I, Thompson BM, Sun J, Price NL, Fernández-Fuertes M, Fowler JW, Gómez-Coronado D, Sessa WC, Giannarelli C, Schneider RJ, Tellides G, McDonald JG, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y. Macrophage-Derived 25-Hydroxycholesterol Promotes Vascular Inflammation, Atherogenesis, and Lesion Remodeling. Circulation 2023; 147:388-408. [PMID: 36416142 PMCID: PMC9892282 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.059062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-talk between sterol metabolism and inflammatory pathways has been demonstrated to significantly affect the development of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol biosynthetic intermediates and derivatives are increasingly recognized as key immune regulators of macrophages in response to innate immune activation and lipid overloading. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) is produced as an oxidation product of cholesterol by the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and belongs to a family of bioactive cholesterol derivatives produced by cells in response to fluctuating cholesterol levels and immune activation. Despite the major role of 25-HC as a mediator of innate and adaptive immune responses, its contribution during the progression of atherosclerosis remains unclear. METHODS The levels of 25-HC were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the expression of CH25H in different macrophage populations of human or mouse atherosclerotic plaques, respectively. The effect of CH25H on atherosclerosis progression was analyzed by bone marrow adoptive transfer of cells from wild-type or Ch25h-/- mice to lethally irradiated Ldlr-/- mice, followed by a Western diet feeding for 12 weeks. Lipidomic, transcriptomic analysis and effects on macrophage function and signaling were analyzed in vitro from lipid-loaded macrophage isolated from Ldlr-/- or Ch25h-/-;Ldlr-/- mice. The contribution of secreted 25-HC to fibrous cap formation was analyzed using a smooth muscle cell lineage-tracing mouse model, Myh11ERT2CREmT/mG;Ldlr-/-, adoptively transferred with wild-type or Ch25h-/- mice bone marrow followed by 12 weeks of Western diet feeding. RESULTS We found that 25-HC accumulated in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions and that macrophage-derived 25-HC accelerated atherosclerosis progression, promoting plaque instability through autocrine and paracrine actions. 25-HC amplified the inflammatory response of lipid-loaded macrophages and inhibited the migration of smooth muscle cells within the plaque. 25-HC intensified inflammatory responses of lipid-laden macrophages by modifying the pool of accessible cholesterol in the plasma membrane, which altered Toll-like receptor 4 signaling, promoted nuclear factor-κB-mediated proinflammatory gene expression, and increased apoptosis susceptibility. These effects were independent of 25-HC-mediated modulation of liver X receptor or SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein) transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS Production of 25-HC by activated macrophages amplifies their inflammatory phenotype, thus promoting atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Irene Andrés-Blasco
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Genomics and Diabetes Unit, Health Research Institute Clinic Hospital of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Bonne M Thompson
- Center for Human Nutrition. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Sun
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marta Fernández-Fuertes
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joseph W. Fowler
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diego Gómez-Coronado
- Servicio Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - William C. Sessa
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520 USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Heisler DB, Johnson KA, Ma DH, Ohlson MB, Zhang L, Tran M, Corley CD, Abrams ME, McDonald JG, Schoggins JW, Alto NM, Radhakrishnan A. A concerted mechanism involving ACAT and SREBPs by which oxysterols deplete accessible cholesterol to restrict microbial infection. eLife 2023; 12:e83534. [PMID: 36695568 PMCID: PMC9925056 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the cholesterol in the plasma membranes (PMs) of animal cells is sequestered through interactions with phospholipids and transmembrane domains of proteins. However, as cholesterol concentration rises above the PM's sequestration capacity, a new pool of cholesterol, called accessible cholesterol, emerges. The transport of accessible cholesterol between the PM and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critical to maintain cholesterol homeostasis. This pathway has also been implicated in the suppression of both bacterial and viral pathogens by immunomodulatory oxysterols. Here, we describe a mechanism of depletion of accessible cholesterol from PMs by the oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). We show that 25HC-mediated activation of acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in the ER creates an imbalance in the equilibrium distribution of accessible cholesterol between the ER and PM. This imbalance triggers the rapid internalization of accessible cholesterol from the PM, and this depletion is sustained for long periods of time through 25HC-mediated suppression of SREBPs and continued activation of ACAT. In support of a physiological role for this mechanism, 25HC failed to suppress Zika virus and human coronavirus infection in ACAT-deficient cells, and Listeria monocytogenes infection in ACAT-deficient cells and mice. We propose that selective depletion of accessible PM cholesterol triggered by ACAT activation and sustained through SREBP suppression underpins the immunological activities of 25HC and a functionally related class of oxysterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Heisler
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Kristen A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Duo H Ma
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Maikke B Ohlson
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Lishu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Michelle Tran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Chase D Corley
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Michael E Abrams
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Neal M Alto
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Arun Radhakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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21
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Gawrysiak‐Witulska M, Siger A, Grygier A, Rusinek R, Gancarz M. Effects of Drying Conditions on the Content of Biologically Active Compounds in Winter Camelina Sativa Seeds. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Gawrysiak‐Witulska
- Department of Dairy and Process Engineering Poznań University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 28 Poznań Poland
| | - Aleksander Siger
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis Poznań University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 28 Poznań 60‐637 Poland
| | - Anna Grygier
- Department of Technology of Food of Plant Origin Poznań University of Life Sciences ul. Wojska Polskiego 31 Poznań 60‐624 Poland
| | - Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Doświadczalna 4 Lublin 20–290 Poland
| | - Marek Gancarz
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Doświadczalna 4 Lublin 20–290 Poland
- Faculty of Production and Power Engineering University of Agriculture in Kraków Balicka 116B Kraków 30‐149 Poland
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22
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Pranneshraj V, Sangha MK, Djalovic I, Miladinovic J, Djanaguiraman M. Lipidomics-Assisted GWAS (lGWAS) Approach for Improving High-Temperature Stress Tolerance of Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169389. [PMID: 36012660 PMCID: PMC9409476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-temperature stress (HT) over crop productivity is an important environmental factor demanding more attention as recent global warming trends are alarming and pose a potential threat to crop production. According to the Sixth IPCC report, future years will have longer warm seasons and frequent heat waves. Thus, the need arises to develop HT-tolerant genotypes that can be used to breed high-yielding crops. Several physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations are orchestrated in providing HT tolerance to a genotype. One mechanism to counter HT is overcoming high-temperature-induced membrane superfluidity and structural disorganizations. Several HT lipidomic studies on different genotypes have indicated the potential involvement of membrane lipid remodelling in providing HT tolerance. Advances in high-throughput analytical techniques such as tandem mass spectrometry have paved the way for large-scale identification and quantification of the enormously diverse lipid molecules in a single run. Physiological trait-based breeding has been employed so far to identify and select HT tolerant genotypes but has several disadvantages, such as the genotype-phenotype gap affecting the efficiency of identifying the underlying genetic association. Tolerant genotypes maintain a high photosynthetic rate, stable membranes, and membrane-associated mechanisms. In this context, studying the HT-induced membrane lipid remodelling, resultant of several up-/down-regulations of genes and post-translational modifications, will aid in identifying potential lipid biomarkers for HT tolerance/susceptibility. The identified lipid biomarkers (LIPIDOTYPE) can thus be considered an intermediate phenotype, bridging the gap between genotype–phenotype (genotype–LIPIDOTYPE–phenotype). Recent works integrating metabolomics with quantitative genetic studies such as GWAS (mGWAS) have provided close associations between genotype, metabolites, and stress-tolerant phenotypes. This review has been sculpted to provide a potential workflow that combines MS-based lipidomics and the robust GWAS (lipidomics assisted GWAS-lGWAS) to identify membrane lipid remodelling related genes and associations which can be used to develop HS tolerant genotypes with enhanced membrane thermostability (MTS) and heat stable photosynthesis (HP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Velumani Pranneshraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manjeet Kaur Sangha
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: (I.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Jegor Miladinovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
- Correspondence: (I.D.); (M.D.)
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23
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Cheng N, Li G, Kanchwala M, Evers BM, Xing C, Yu H. STAG2 promotes the myelination transcriptional program in oligodendrocytes. eLife 2022; 11:e77848. [PMID: 35959892 PMCID: PMC9439679 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin folds chromosomes via DNA loop extrusion. Cohesin-mediated chromosome loops regulate transcription by shaping long-range enhancer-promoter interactions, among other mechanisms. Mutations of cohesin subunits and regulators cause human developmental diseases termed cohesinopathy. Vertebrate cohesin consists of SMC1, SMC3, RAD21, and either STAG1 or STAG2. To probe the physiological functions of cohesin, we created conditional knockout (cKO) mice with Stag2 deleted in the nervous system. Stag2 cKO mice exhibit growth retardation, neurological defects, and premature death, in part due to insufficient myelination of nerve fibers. Stag2 cKO oligodendrocytes exhibit delayed maturation and downregulation of myelination-related genes. Stag2 loss reduces promoter-anchored loops at downregulated genes in oligodendrocytes. Thus, STAG2-cohesin generates promoter-anchored loops at myelination-promoting genes to facilitate their transcription. Our study implicates defective myelination as a contributing factor to cohesinopathy and establishes oligodendrocytes as a relevant cell type to explore the mechanisms by which cohesin regulates transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Guanchen Li
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouChina
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Bret M Evers
- Division of Neuropathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Bioinformatics, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouChina
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24
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Rapid GPR183-mediated recruitment of eosinophils to the lung after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111144. [PMID: 35905725 PMCID: PMC9460869 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influx of eosinophils into the lungs is typically associated with type II responses during allergy and fungal and parasitic infections. However, we previously reported that eosinophils accumulate in lung lesions during type I inflammatory responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in humans, macaques, and mice, in which they support host resistance. Here we show eosinophils migrate into the lungs of macaques and mice as early as one week after Mtb exposure. In mice this influx is CCR3 independent and instead requires cell-intrinsic expression of the oxysterol receptor GPR183, which is highly expressed on human and macaque eosinophils. Murine eosinophils interact directly with bacilli-laden alveolar macrophages, which upregulate the oxysterol-synthesizing enzyme Ch25h, and eosinophil recruitment is impaired in Ch25h-deficient mice. Our findings show that eosinophils are among the earliest cells from circulation to sense and respond to Mtb infection of alveolar macrophages and reveal a role for GPR183 in the migration of eosinophils into lung tissue. Eosinophils are usually associated with allergy or type II responses. Here, Bohrer et al. show that eosinophils are rapidly recruited to the lungs after respiratory infection with the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis through the oxysterol sensor GPR183.
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25
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Luo M, Bao L, Chen Y, Xue Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Wang C, Corley CD, McDonald JG, Kumar A, Xing C, Fang Y, Nelson ER, Wang JE, Wang Y, Luo W. ZMYND8 is a master regulator of 27-hydroxycholesterol that promotes tumorigenicity of breast cancer stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5295. [PMID: 35857506 PMCID: PMC9286501 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) is the most abundant oxysterol that increases the risk of breast cancer progression. However, little is known about epigenetic regulation of 27-HC metabolism and its role in breast tumor initiation. Using genetic mouse mammary tumor and human breast cancer models, we showed here that the histone reader ZMYND8 was selectively expressed in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), BCSC maintenance and self-renewal, and oncogenic transformation through its epigenetic functions, leading to breast tumor initiation. Mechanistically, ZMYND8 was a master transcriptional regulator of 27-HC metabolism. It increased cholesterol biosynthesis and oxidation but blocked cholesterol efflux and 27-HC catabolism, leading to accumulation of 27-HC in BCSCs. Consequently, 27-HC promoted EMT, oncogenic transformation, and tumor initiation through activation of liver X receptor. These findings reveal that ZMYND8 is an epigenetic booster that drives breast tumor initiation through metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowu Luo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chenliang Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chase D. Corley
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey G. McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yisheng Fang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Erik R. Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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26
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Passarelli MN, McDonald JG, Thompson BM, Arega EA, Palys TJ, Rees JR, Barry EL, Baron JA. Association of demographic and health characteristics with circulating oxysterol concentrations. J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:345-355. [PMID: 35461764 PMCID: PMC10882644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Circulating oxysterols, cholesterol metabolites with important signaling functions, are increasingly being recognized as candidate biomarkers for several diseases, but associations with demographic and health characteristics remain poorly described. OBJECTIVE This study aims to characterize associations of major circulating oxysterols with sex, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle factors, and use of common medications. METHODS We measured plasma concentrations of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC), 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24(S)-OHC), 7ɑ-hydroxycholesterol (7ɑ-OHC), and 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4β-OHC) from 1,440 participants of a completed clinical trial for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas. Adjusted percent difference in means were calculated using linear regression. RESULTS Women had 18% (95% CI, 14%, 22%) lower 27-OHC and 21% (15%, 27%) higher 4β-OHC than men. Blacks had 15% (7%, 23%) higher 4β-OHC than Non-Hispanic Whites, and Asian or Pacific Islanders had 19% (2%, 35%) higher 7ɑ-OHC than Non-Hispanic Whites. Individuals of BMI ≥35 kg/m2 had 33% (25%, 41%) lower 4β-OHC than those <25 kg/m2. Current smokers had 15% (5%, 24%) higher 7ɑ-OHC than never smokers, and daily alcohol drinkers had 17% (10%, 24%) higher 7ɑ-OHC than never drinkers. Statin use was associated with lower concentrations of all 5 oxysterols. Differences in mean <15% were found for characteristics such as age, total dietary energy intake, physical activity, diabetes, and anti-inflammatory drug use. CONCLUSION Circulating oxysterols are uniquely associated with multiple demographic and health characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Passarelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bonne M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Enat A Arega
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas J Palys
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Judy R Rees
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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27
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Kawamura S, Matsushita Y, Kurosaki S, Tange M, Fujiwara N, Hayata Y, Hayakawa Y, Suzuki N, Hata M, Tsuboi M, Kishikawa T, Kinoshita H, Nakatsuka T, Sato M, Kudo Y, Hoshida Y, Umemura A, Eguchi A, Ikenoue T, Hirata Y, Uesugi M, Tateishi R, Tateishi K, Fujishiro M, Koike K, Nakagawa H. Inhibiting SCAP/SREBP exacerbates liver injury and carcinogenesis in murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:151895. [PMID: 35380992 PMCID: PMC9151706 DOI: 10.1172/jci151895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced de novo lipogenesis mediated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) is thought to be involved in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathogenesis. In this study, we assessed the impact of SREBP inhibition on NASH and liver cancer development in murine models. Unexpectedly, SREBP inhibition via deletion of the SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) in the liver exacerbated liver injury, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis, despite markedly reduced hepatic steatosis. These phenotypes were ameliorated by restoring SREBP function. Transcriptome and lipidome analyses revealed that SCAP-SREBP pathway inhibition altered the fatty acid (FA) composition of phosphatidylcholines due to both impaired FA synthesis and disorganized FA incorporation into phosphatidylcholine via lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) downregulation, which led to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and hepatocyte injury. Supplementation of phosphatidylcholines significantly improved liver injury and ER stress induced by SCAP deletion. The activity of SCAP-SREBP-LPCAT3 axis was found inversely associated with liver fibrosis severity in human NASH. SREBP inhibition also cooperated with impaired autophagy to trigger liver injury. Thus, excessively strong and broad lipogenesis inhibition was counterproductive for NASH therapy, which will have important clinical implications in NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mizuki Tange
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Yuki Hayata
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hata
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayo Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroto Kinoshita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Nakatsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yotaro Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hirata
- Division of Advanced Genome Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material , Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Desmosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol concentrations in post mortem brains of depressed people: The role of trazodone. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:139. [PMID: 35379782 PMCID: PMC8980007 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, disabling, and heterogeneous condition that responds unpredictably to current treatments. We previously showed an association between depressive symptoms and plasma concentrations of two cholesterol precursors, desmosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC). Here, we measured total cholesterol and sterol concentrations with mass spectrometry in postmortem brain samples from depressed and control subjects. Mean (±SEM) desmosterol concentration was 8.9 ± 0.97 ng/mg in the depressed versus 10.7 ± 0.72 ng/mg in the control group. The mean of the posterior probability distribution for the difference in desmosterol concentration between the two groups was 2.36 (95% highest density interval [HDI] 0.59-4.17). Mean 7DHC concentrations, 12.5 ± 4.1 ng/mg in the depressed versus 5.4 ± 0.74 ng/mg in the control group, were unlikely to be different (95% HDI, [-1.37-0.34]). We found that presence of trazodone in the peri-mortem toxicology screen accounted for the observed difference in desmosterol concentrations. We also observed extremely high 7DHC levels in all 4 subjects who had taken trazodone. Trazodone has been recently found to inhibit 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase and alter sterol concentrations in rodents, cell culture, human fibroblasts, and blood. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that trazodone alters human brain sterol composition. Given congenital deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase results in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, our findings support the hypothesis that this commonly used medication may have previously unappreciated risks.
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29
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Ngo MD, Bartlett S, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Foo CX, Sinha R, Arachige BJ, Reed S, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Rosenkilde MM, Ronacher K. A blunted GPR183/oxysterol axis during dysglycemia results in delayed recruitment of macrophages to the lung during M. tuberculosis infection. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:2219-2228. [PMID: 35303091 PMCID: PMC9200159 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that reduced GPR183 expression in blood from tuberculosis (TB) patients with diabetes is associated with more severe TB. Methods To further elucidate the role of GPR183 and its oxysterol ligands in the lung, we studied dysglycemic mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Results We found upregulation of the oxysterol-producing enzymes CH25H and CYP7B1 and increased concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol upon Mtb infection in the lungs of mice. This was associated with increased expression of GPR183 indicative of oxysterol-mediated recruitment of GPR183-expressing immune cells to the lung. CYP7B1 was predominantly expressed by macrophages in TB granulomas. CYP7B1 expression was significantly blunted in lungs from dysglycemic animals, which coincided with delayed macrophage infiltration. GPR183-deficient mice similarly had reduced macrophage recruitment during early infection. Conclusions Taken together, we demonstrate a requirement of the GPR183/oxysterol axis for positioning of macrophages to the site of infection and add an explanation to more severe TB in diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Dao Ngo
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stacey Bartlett
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cheng Xiang Foo
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roma Sinha
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Reed
- Centre for Clinical Research, The Univeristy of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Katharina Ronacher
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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30
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Chandra P, Coullon H, Agarwal M, Goss CW, Philips JA. Macrophage global metabolomics identifies cholestenone as host/pathogen cometabolite present in human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152509. [PMID: 35104812 PMCID: PMC8803325 DOI: 10.1172/jci152509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) causes an enormous burden of disease worldwide. As a central aspect of its pathogenesis, M. tuberculosis grows in macrophages, and host and microbe influence each other's metabolism. To define the metabolic impact of M. tuberculosis infection, we performed global metabolic profiling of M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. M. tuberculosis induced metabolic hallmarks of inflammatory macrophages and a prominent signature of cholesterol metabolism. We found that infected macrophages accumulate cholestenone, a mycobacterial-derived, oxidized derivative of cholesterol. We demonstrated that the accumulation of cholestenone in infected macrophages depended on the M. tuberculosis enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-Hsd) and correlated with pathogen burden. Because cholestenone is not a substantial human metabolite, we hypothesized it might be diagnostic of M. tuberculosis infection in clinical samples. Indeed, in 2 geographically distinct cohorts, sputum cholestenone levels distinguished subjects with tuberculosis (TB) from TB-negative controls who presented with TB-like symptoms. We also found country-specific detection of cholestenone in plasma samples from M. tuberculosis-infected subjects. While cholestenone was previously thought to be an intermediate required for cholesterol degradation by M. tuberculosis, we found that M. tuberculosis can utilize cholesterol for growth without making cholestenone. Thus, the accumulation of cholestenone in clinical samples suggests it has an alternative role in pathogenesis and could be a clinically useful biomarker of TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, and
| | - Héloise Coullon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, and
| | - Mansi Agarwal
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles W Goss
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, and
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31
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Liu Y, Yang X, Xiao F, Jie F, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Xiao H, Lu B. Dietary cholesterol oxidation products: Perspectives linking food processing and storage with health implications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:738-779. [PMID: 34953101 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are heterogeneous compounds formed during the processing and storage of cholesterol-rich foods, such as seafood, meat, eggs, and dairy products. With the increased intake of COPs-rich foods, the concern about health implications of dietary COPs is rising. Dietary COPs may exert deleterious effects on human health to induce several inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Thus, knowledge regarding the effects of processing and storage conditions leading to formation of COPs is needed to reduce the levels of COPs in foods. Efficient methodologies to determine COPs in foods are also essential. More importantly, the biological roles of dietary COPs in human health and effects of phytochemicals on dietary COPs-induced diseases need to be established. This review summarizes the recent information on dietary COPs including their formation in foods during their processing and storage, analytical methods of determination of COPs, metabolic fate, implications for human health, and beneficial interventions by phytochemicals. The formation of COPs is largely dependent on the heating temperature, storage time, and food matrices. Alteration of food processing and storage conditions is one of the potent strategies to restrict hazardous dietary COPs from forming, including maintaining relatively low temperatures, shorter processing or storage time, and the appropriate addition of antioxidants. Once absorbed into the circulation, dietary COPs can contribute to the progression of several inflammatory diseases, where the absorbed dietary COPs may induce inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in cells in the target organs or tissues. Improved intake of phytochemicals may be an effective strategy to reduce the hazardous effects of dietary COPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fan Jie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinjun Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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Grape Lipidomics: An Extensive Profiling thorough UHPLC-MS/MS Method. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120827. [PMID: 34940585 PMCID: PMC8706896 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play many essential roles in living organisms, which accounts for the great diversity of these amphiphilic molecules within the individual lipid classes, while their composition depends on intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Recent developments in mass spectrometric methods have significantly contributed to the widespread application of the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach to the analysis of plant lipids. However, only a few investigators have studied the extensive composition of grape lipids. The present work describes the development of an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method that includes 8098 MRM; the method has been validated using a reference sample of grapes at maturity with a successful analysis and semi-quantification of 412 compounds. The aforementioned method was subsequently applied also to the analysis of the lipid profile variation during the Ribolla Gialla cv. grape maturation process. The partial least squares (PLS) regression model fitted to our experimental data showed that a higher proportion of certain glycerophospholipids (i.e., glycerophosphoethanolamines, PE and glycerophosphoglycerols, PG) and of some hydrolysates from those groups (i.e., lyso-glycerophosphocholines, LPC and lyso-glycerophosphoethanolamines, LPE) can be positively associated with the increasing °Brix rate, while a negative association was found for ceramides (CER) and galactolipids digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG). The validated method has proven to be robust and informative for profiling grape lipids, with the possibility of application to other studies and matrices.
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33
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Desmosterol suppresses macrophage inflammasome activation and protects against vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107682118. [PMID: 34782454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107682118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol biosynthetic intermediates, such as lanosterol and desmosterol, are emergent immune regulators of macrophages in response to inflammatory stimuli or lipid overloading, respectively. However, the participation of these sterols in regulating macrophage functions in the physiological context of atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease driven by the accumulation of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the artery wall, has remained elusive. Here, we report that desmosterol, the most abundant cholesterol biosynthetic intermediate in human coronary artery lesions, plays an essential role during atherogenesis, serving as a key molecule integrating cholesterol homeostasis and immune responses in macrophages. Depletion of desmosterol in myeloid cells by overexpression of 3β-hydroxysterol Δ24-reductase (DHCR24), the enzyme that catalyzes conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol, promotes the progression of atherosclerosis. Single-cell transcriptomics in isolated CD45+CD11b+ cells from atherosclerotic plaques demonstrate that depletion of desmosterol increases interferon responses and attenuates the expression of antiinflammatory macrophage markers. Lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis of in vivo macrophage foam cells demonstrate that desmosterol is a major endogenous liver X receptor (LXR) ligand involved in LXR/retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation and thus macrophage foam cell formation. Decreased desmosterol accumulation in mitochondria promotes macrophage mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-dependent inflammasome activation. Deficiency of NLRP3 or apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) rescues the increased inflammasome activity and atherogenesis observed in desmosterol-depleted macrophages. Altogether, these findings underscore the critical function of desmosterol in the atherosclerotic plaque to dampen inflammation by integrating with macrophage cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory activation and protecting from disease progression.
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Goedeke L, Canfrán-Duque A, Rotllan N, Chaube B, Thompson BM, Lee RG, Cline GW, McDonald JG, Shulman GI, Lasunción MA, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. MMAB promotes negative feedback control of cholesterol homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6448. [PMID: 34750386 PMCID: PMC8575900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intricate regulatory networks govern the net balance of cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake and efflux; however, the mechanisms surrounding cholesterol homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Here, we develop an integrative genomic strategy to detect regulators of LDLR activity and identify 250 genes whose knockdown affects LDL-cholesterol uptake and whose expression is modulated by intracellular cholesterol levels in human hepatic cells. From these hits, we focus on MMAB, an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of vitamin B12 to adenosylcobalamin, and whose expression has previously been linked with altered levels of circulating cholesterol in humans. We demonstrate that hepatic levels of MMAB are modulated by dietary and cellular cholesterol levels through SREBP2, the master transcriptional regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. Knockdown of MMAB decreases intracellular cholesterol levels and augments SREBP2-mediated gene expression and LDL-cholesterol uptake in human and mouse hepatic cell lines. Reductions in total sterol content were attributed to increased intracellular levels of propionic and methylmalonic acid and subsequent inhibition of HMGCR activity and cholesterol biosynthesis. Moreover, mice treated with antisense inhibitors of MMAB display a significant reduction in hepatic HMGCR activity, hepatic sterol content and increased expression of SREBP2-mediated genes. Collectively, these findings reveal an unexpected role for the adenosylcobalamin pathway in regulating LDLR expression and identify MMAB as an additional control point by which cholesterol biosynthesis is regulated by its end product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Goedeke
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Balkrishna Chaube
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Bonne M Thompson
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Richard G Lee
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Miguel A Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS) and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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The Effects of Tormentic Acid and Extracts from Callistemon citrinus on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis Growth and Inhibition of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Candida albicans. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:8856147. [PMID: 34594161 PMCID: PMC8478599 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8856147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis are the leading causes of human fungal infections worldwide. There is an increase in resistance of Candida pathogens to existing antifungal drugs leading to a need to find new sources of antifungal agents. Tormentic acid has been isolated from different plants including Callistemon citrinus and has been found to possess antimicrobial properties, including antifungal activity. The study aimed to determine the effects of tormentic and extracts from C. citrinus on C. albicans and C. tropicalis and a possible mode of action. The extracts and tormentic acid were screened for antifungal activity using the broth microdilution method. The growth of both species was inhibited by the extracts, and C. albicans was more susceptible to the extract compared to C. tropicalis. The growth of C. albicans was inhibited by 80% at 100 μg/ml of both the DCM: methanol extract and the ethanol: water extract. Tormentic acid reduced the growth of C. albicans by 72% at 100 μg/ml. The effects of the extracts and tormentic acid on ergosterol content in C. albicans were determined using a UV/Vis scanning spectrophotometer. At concentrations of tormentic acid of 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, and 200 μg/ml, the content of ergosterol was decreased by 22%, 36%, 48%, and 78%, respectively. Similarly, the DCM: methanol extract at 100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml decreased the content by 78% and 88%, respectively. A dose-dependent decrease in ergosterol content was observed in cells exposed to miconazole with a 25 μg/ml concentration causing a 100% decrease in ergosterol content. Therefore, tormentic acid inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol in C. albicans. Modifications of the structure of tormentic acid to increase its antifungal potency may be explored in further studies.
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Inasu M, Bendahl PO, Fernö M, Malmström P, Borgquist S, Kimbung S. High CYP27A1 expression is a biomarker of favorable prognosis in premenopausal patients with estrogen receptor positive primary breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:127. [PMID: 34556659 PMCID: PMC8460751 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), synthesized from cholesterol by the enzyme CYP27A1, differentially impacts estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) cell growth depending on estrogen levels. This study examined the association between CYP27A1 expression and prognosis in a cohort of 193 premenopausal patients with lymph node-negative primary BC with limited exposure to adjuvant systemic cancer treatments. In multivariable analyses among patients with ER+ tumors, high CYP27A1 protein and mRNA expressions were associated with four- and eight-fold reductions in the incidence of distant recurrence-free survival events: HRadj = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.07-0.93 and HRadj = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.03-0.60, respectively. In vitro studies revealed that 27HC treatment potently inhibited ER+ BC cell proliferation under lipid-depleted conditions regardless of estradiol levels, transcriptionally mediated through the downregulation of ER signaling with a concomitant upregulation of cholesterol export. Importantly, if validated, these results may have implications for adjuvant treatment decisions in premenopausal patients, especially when de-escalation of therapy is being considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inasu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pär-Ola Bendahl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fernö
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Malmström
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Siker Kimbung
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Kim JH, Gao D, Cho CW, Hwang I, Kim HM, Kang JS. A Novel Bioanalytical Method for Determination of Inotodiol Isolated from Inonotus Obliquus and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081631. [PMID: 34451676 PMCID: PMC8401913 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a bioanalytical method using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to apply to a pharmacokinetic study of inotodiol, which is known for its anti-cancer activity. Plasma samples were prepared with alkaline hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction. Inotodiol was detected in positive mode with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization by multiple-reaction monitoring mode using LC-MS/MS. The developed method was validated with linearity, accuracy, and precision. Accuracy ranged from 97.8% to 111.9%, and the coefficient of variation for precision was 1.8% to 4.4%. The developed method was applied for pharmacokinetic study, and the mean pharmacokinetic parameters administration were calculated as follows: λz 0.016 min-1; T1/2 49.35 min; Cmax 2582 ng/mL; Cl 0.004 ng/min; AUC0-t 109,500 ng×min/mL; MRT0-t 32.30 min; Vd 0.281 mL after intravenous administration at dose of 2 mg/kg and λz 0.005 min-1; T1/2 138.6 min; Tmax 40 min; Cmax 49.56 ng/mL; AUC0-t 6176 ng×in/mL; MRT0-t 103.7 min after oral administration. The absolute oral bioavailability of inotodiol was 0.45%, similar to nonpolar phytosterols. Collectively, this is the first bioanalytical method and pharmacokinetic study for inotodiol.
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Li T, Yin Y, Zhou Z, Qiu J, Liu W, Zhang X, He K, Cai Y, Zhu ZJ. Ion mobility-based sterolomics reveals spatially and temporally distinctive sterol lipids in the mouse brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4343. [PMID: 34267224 PMCID: PMC8282640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant sterol lipid metabolism is associated with physiological dysfunctions in the aging brain and aging-dependent disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases. There is an unmet demand to comprehensively profile sterol lipids spatially and temporally in different brain regions during aging. Here, we develop an ion mobility-mass spectrometry based four-dimensional sterolomics technology leveraged by a machine learning-empowered high-coverage library (>2000 sterol lipids) for accurate identification. We apply this four-dimensional technology to profile the spatially resolved landscapes of sterol lipids in ten functional regions of the mouse brain, and quantitatively uncover ~200 sterol lipids uniquely distributed in specific regions with concentrations spanning up to 8 orders of magnitude. Further spatial analysis pinpoints age-associated differences in region-specific sterol lipid metabolism, revealing changes in the numbers of altered sterol lipids, concentration variations, and age-dependent coregulation networks. These findings will contribute to our understanding of abnormal sterol lipid metabolism and its role in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhou Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Yin
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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González-Hódar L, McDonald JG, Vale G, Thompson BM, Figueroa AM, Tapia PJ, Robledo F, Agarwal AK, Garg A, Horton JD, Cortés V. Decreased caveolae in AGPAT2 lacking adipocytes is independent of changes in cholesterol or sphingolipid levels: A whole cell and plasma membrane lipidomic analysis of adipogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166167. [PMID: 33989739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytes from lipodystrophic Agpat2-/- mice have impaired adipogenesis and fewer caveolae. Herein, we examined whether these defects are associated with changes in lipid composition or abnormal levels of caveolae-associated proteins. Lipidome changes were quantified in differentiated Agpat2-/- adipocytes to identify lipids with potential adipogenic roles. METHODS Agpat2-/- and wild type brown preadipocytes were differentiated in vitro. Plasma membrane was purified by ultracentrifugation. Number of caveolae and caveolae-associated proteins, as well as sterol, sphingolipid, and phospholipid lipidome were determined across differentiation. RESULTS Differentiated Agpat2-/- adipocytes had decreased caveolae number but conserved insulin signaling. Caveolin-1 and cavin-1 levels were equivalent between Agpat2-/- and wild type adipocytes. No differences in PM cholesterol and sphingolipids abundance were detected between genotypes. Levels of phosphatidylserine at day 10 of differentiation were increased in Agpat2-/- adipocytes. Wild type adipocytes had increased whole cell triglyceride, diacylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and trihexosyl ceramide, and decreased 24,25-dihydrolanosterol and sitosterol, as a result of adipogenic differentiation. By contrast, adipogenesis did not modify whole cell neutral lipids but increased lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and trihexosyl ceramide levels in Agpat2-/- adipocytes. Unexpectedly, adipogenesis decreased PM levels of main phospholipids in both genotypes. CONCLUSION In Agpat2-/- adipocytes, decreased caveolae is not associated with changes in PM cholesterol nor sphingolipid levels; however, increased PM phosphatidylserine content may be implicated. Abnormal lipid composition is associated with the adipogenic abnormalities of Agpat2 -/- adipocytes but does not prevent insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila González-Hódar
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Chile
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, United States
| | - Goncalo Vale
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Bonne M Thompson
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Ana-María Figueroa
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Chile
| | - Pablo J Tapia
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Chile
| | - Fermín Robledo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Chile
| | - Anil K Agarwal
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Jay D Horton
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, United States.
| | - Víctor Cortés
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Chile.
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Schorr P, Kovačević B, Volmer DA. Overestimation of 3α- over 3β -25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 Levels in Serum: A Mechanistic Rationale for the Different Mass Spectral Properties of the Vitamin D Epimers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1116-1125. [PMID: 33780622 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of vitamin D3 includes a parallel C-3 epimerization pathway-in addition to the standard metabolic processes for vitamin D3-reversing the stereochemical configuration of the -OH group at carbon-3 (β→α). While the biological function of the 3α epimer has not been elucidated yet, the additional species cannot be neglected in the analytical determination of vitamin D3, as it has the potential to introduce analytical errors if not properly accounted for. Recently, some inconsistent mass spectral behavior was seen for the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) epimers during quantification using electrospray LC-MS/MS. The present work extends that of Flynn et al. ( Ann. Clin. Biochem. 2014, 51, 352-559) and van den Ouweland et al. ( J. Chromatogr. B 2014, 967, 195-202), who reported larger electrospray ionization response factors for the 3α epimer of 25(OH)D3 in human serum samples as compared to the regular 3β variant. The present work was concerned with the mechanistic reasons for these differences. We used a combination of electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and density functional theory calculations to uncover structural dissimilarities between the epimers. A plausible mechanism is described based on intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the gas phase, which creates a small difference of proton affinities between the epimers. More importantly, this mechanism allows the explanation of the different ionization efficiencies of the epimers based on kinetic control of the ionization process, where ionization initially takes place at the hydroxyl group with subsequent proton transfer to a basic carbon atom. The barrier for this transfer differs between the epimers and is in direct competition with H2O elimination from the protonated hydroxyl group. The "hidden" site of high gas phase basicity was revealed through computational calculations and appears to be inaccessible via direct protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Schorr
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Passarelli MN, Thompson BM, McDonald JG, Snover DC, Palys TJ, Rees JR, Barry EL, Baron JA. Circulating 27-hydroxycholesterol and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas and Serrated Polyps. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:479-488. [PMID: 33408073 PMCID: PMC8026496 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator implicated in breast cancer etiology. It is unknown whether circulating 27-OHC is associated with colorectal neoplasia risk. Circulating 27-OHC was measured using LC/MS in fasting plasma collected at baseline from participants of the Vitamin D/Calcium Polyp Prevention Study, a completed randomized clinical trial. Participants were between 45 and 75 years old, recently diagnosed with ≥1 colorectal adenoma, and followed for new colorectal polyps during colonoscopic surveillance. Adjusted risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of new colorectal polyps were estimated for quartiles of circulating 27-OHC using log-linear regression for repeated outcomes. Polyp phenotypes included any adenomas, advanced adenomas, hyperplastic polyps, and sessile serrated adenomas/polyps. Circulating 27-OHC was measured at baseline for 1,246 participants. Compared with participants with circulating 27-OHC below the first quartile (<138 ng/mL), those with circulating 27-OHC at or above the fourth quartile (≥201 ng/mL) had 24% higher risk of adenomas (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05-1.47) and 89% higher risk of advanced adenomas (RR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.17-3.06). Stronger associations were observed among participants with advanced adenomas at baseline. Circulating 27-OHC was not associated with risk of hyperplastic polyps (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.66-1.22) or sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.50-2.07). Circulating 27-OHC may be a risk factor for colorectal adenomas but not serrated polyps. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This study found that plasma concentration of 27-hydroxycholesterol, a metabolite of cholesterol that regulates lipid metabolism and acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is associated with the risk of developing precursor lesions for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Passarelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.
| | - Bonne M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Dale C Snover
- Department of Pathology, Fairview Southdale Hospital, Edina, Minnesota
| | - Thomas J Palys
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Judy R Rees
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Elizabeth L Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Lösslein AK, Lohrmann F, Scheuermann L, Gharun K, Neuber J, Kolter J, Forde AJ, Kleimeyer C, Poh YY, Mack M, Triantafyllopoulou A, Dunlap MD, Khader SA, Seidl M, Hölscher A, Hölscher C, Guan XL, Dorhoi A, Henneke P. Monocyte progenitors give rise to multinucleated giant cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2027. [PMID: 33795674 PMCID: PMC8016882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response to mycobacteria is characterized by granuloma formation, which features multinucleated giant cells as a unique macrophage type. We previously found that multinucleated giant cells result from Toll-like receptor-induced DNA damage and cell autonomous cell cycle modifications. However, the giant cell progenitor identity remained unclear. Here, we show that the giant cell-forming potential is a particular trait of monocyte progenitors. Common monocyte progenitors potently produce cytokines in response to mycobacteria and their immune-active molecules. In addition, common monocyte progenitors accumulate cholesterol and lipids, which are prerequisites for giant cell transformation. Inducible monocyte progenitors are so far undescribed circulating common monocyte progenitor descendants with high giant cell-forming potential. Monocyte progenitors are induced in mycobacterial infections and localize to granulomas. Accordingly, they exhibit important immunological functions in mycobacterial infections. Moreover, their signature trait of high cholesterol metabolism may be piggy-backed by mycobacteria to create a permissive niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathrin Lösslein
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- MOTI-VATE Graduate School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florens Lohrmann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine (SGBM) and IMM-PACT Clinician Scientist Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Kourosh Gharun
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jana Neuber
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aaron James Forde
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kleimeyer
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ying Yee Poh
- Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthias Mack
- University Hospital Regensburg, Internal Medicine II, Nephrology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antigoni Triantafyllopoulou
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin, Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Micah D Dunlap
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency and Institute for Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany and Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University and University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Hölscher
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Borstel, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Xue Li Guan
- Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Insel Riems, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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43
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Tallman KA, Allen LB, Klingelsmith KB, Anderson A, Genaro-Mattos TC, Mirnics K, Porter NA, Korade Z. Prescription Medications Alter Neuronal and Glial Cholesterol Synthesis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:735-745. [PMID: 33528983 PMCID: PMC7977035 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse brain contains over 100 million neuronal, glial, and other support cells. Developing neurons and astrocytes synthesize their own cholesterol, and disruption of this process can occur by both genetic and chemical mechanisms. In this study we have exposed cultured murine neurons and astrocytes to six different prescription medications that cross the placenta and blood-brain barriers and analyzed the effects of these drugs on cholesterol biosynthesis by an LC-MS/MS protocol that assays 14 sterols and 7 oxysterols in a single run. Three antipsychotics (haloperidol, cariprazine, aripiprazole), two antidepressants (trazodone and sertraline), and an antiarhythmic (amiodarone) inhibited one or more sterol synthesis enzymes. The result of the exposures was a dose-dependent increase in levels of various sterol intermediates and a decreased level of cholesterol in the cultured cells. Four prescription medications (haloperidol, aripiprazole, cariprazine, and trazodone) acted primarily on the DHCR7 enzyme. The result of this exposure was an increase in 7-dehydrocholesterol in neurons and astrocytes to levels that were comparable to those found in cultured neurons and astrocytes from transgenic mice that carried a Dhcr7 pathogenic mutation modeling the neurodevelopmental disorder Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri A Tallman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Luke B Allen
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Korinne B Klingelsmith
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Allison Anderson
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Thiago C Genaro-Mattos
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Károly Mirnics
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Huang YC, Cheng ML, Tang HY, Huang CY, Chen KM, Wang JS. Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020285. [PMID: 33668606 PMCID: PMC7918820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes protects individuals against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. Despite improved hemodynamic efficiency, the effect of eccentric cycling training (ECT) on erythrocyte antioxidative capacity remains unclear. This study investigates how ECT affects erythrocyte antioxidative capacity and metabolism in sedentary males. Thirty-six sedentary healthy males were randomly assigned to either concentric cycling training (CCT, n = 12) or ECT (n = 12) at 60% of the maximal workload for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks or to a control group (n = 12) that did not receive an exercise intervention. A graded exercise test (GXT) was performed before and after the intervention. Erythrocyte metabolic characteristics and O2 release capacity were determined by UPLC-MS and high-resolution respirometry, respectively. An acute GXT depleted Glutathione (GSH), accumulated Glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and elevated the GSSG/GSH ratio, whereas both CCT and ECT attenuated the extent of the elevated GSSG/GSH ratio caused by a GXT. Moreover, the two exercise regimens upregulated glycolysis and increased glucose consumption and lactate production, leading to intracellular acidosis and facilitation of O2 release from erythrocytes. Both CCT and ECT enhance antioxidative capacity against severe exercise-evoked circulatory oxidative stress. Moreover, the two exercise regimens activate erythrocyte glycolysis, resulting in lowered intracellular pH and enhanced O2 released from erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-L.C.); (H.-Y.T.)
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-L.C.); (H.-Y.T.)
| | - Chi-Yao Huang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical Collage, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (K.-M.C.)
| | - Kuan-Ming Chen
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical Collage, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (K.-M.C.)
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical Collage, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (K.-M.C.)
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5748); Fax: +886+886-3-2118700
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Yutuc E, Dickson AL, Pacciarini M, Griffiths L, Baker PRS, Connell L, Öhman A, Forsgren L, Trupp M, Vilarinho S, Khalil Y, Clayton PT, Sari S, Dalgic B, Höflinger P, Schöls L, Griffiths WJ, Wang Y. Deep mining of oxysterols and cholestenoic acids in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid: Quantification using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1154:338259. [PMID: 33736801 PMCID: PMC7988461 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are rich in cholesterol and its metabolites. Here we describe in detail a methodology for the identification and quantification of multiple sterols including oxysterols and sterol-acids found in these fluids. The method is translatable to any laboratory with access to liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. The method exploits isotope-dilution mass spectrometry for absolute quantification of target metabolites. The method is applicable for semi-quantification of other sterols for which isotope labelled surrogates are not available and approximate quantification of partially identified sterols. Values are reported for non-esterified sterols in the absence of saponification and total sterols following saponification. In this way absolute quantification data is reported for 17 sterols in the NIST SRM 1950 plasma along with semi-quantitative data for 8 additional sterols and approximate quantification for one further sterol. In a pooled (CSF) sample used for internal quality control, absolute quantification was performed on 10 sterols, semi-quantification on 9 sterols and approximate quantification on a further three partially identified sterols. The value of the method is illustrated by confirming the sterol phenotype of a patient suffering from ACOX2 deficiency, a rare disorder of bile acid biosynthesis, and in a plasma sample from a patient suffering from cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, where cholesterol 27-hydroxylase is deficient. Absolute quantification of oxysterols and cholestenoic acids. Methodology applicable to plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Data generated for non-esterified and total sterols. Diastereoisomers at C-24 and C-25 separated and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylan Yutuc
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Alison L Dickson
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Manuela Pacciarini
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Lauren Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | | | | | - Anders Öhman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Forsgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Miles Trupp
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sílvia Vilarinho
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Youssef Khalil
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Peter T Clayton
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sinan Sari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Buket Dalgic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Philip Höflinger
- Department of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - William J Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
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Abdulaziz Abbod Abdo A, Zhang C, Lin Y, Liang X, Kaddour B, Wu Q, Li X, Fan G, Yang R, Teng C, Xu Y, Li W. Xylo-oligosaccharides ameliorate high cholesterol diet induced hypercholesterolemia and modulate sterol excretion and gut microbiota in hamsters. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Wang C, Zou Y, Pan C, Shao L, Ding Z, Zhang Y, Ye J, Li P, Ren Y, Zhu C. Prognostic significance of chemokines CCL11 and CCL5 modulated by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in colon cancer patients with normal body mass index. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:202. [PMID: 33708829 PMCID: PMC7940920 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Many studies have shown an elevated level of cholesterol in colon tumors as compared to normal tissue. Obesity and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are known risk factors for colon cancer. However, the role of LDL-C in colon cancer patients with normal body mass index (BMI) remains elusive. Methods Levels of serum cholesterol and oxysterols were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) from 129 individuals with normal BMI, including 32 with solitary polyp, 36 with multiple polyps, and 31 with adenocarcinoma as well as 32 healthy controls. In vitro, colon cancer cells were treated with LDL-C and assayed for chemokines via RNA-Seq and mitochondrial morphology via transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Additionally, correlation analysis was performed between LDL-C-induced chemokines and the overall survival of colon cancer patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Results The serum cholesterol level was significantly higher in colon adenocarcinoma patients with normal BMI than that in healthy controls (P<0.001). LDL-C potentiated colon cancer cell invasion and resistance to glucose-deprivation in vitro via chemokine-mediated signaling, mainly upregulation of CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 5 and downregulation of CCL 11. By analyzing the RNA expression data of colorectal cancer from TCGA, GTEx, and HPA, we demonstrated that the CCL5 level in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly increased relative to adjacent normal tissues (P=0.01) while the CCL11 level was decreased (P=0.01). Both increased CCL5 and decreased CCL11 showed a negative correlation with the 5-year overall survival in tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage II colon cancer patients (P=0.0032, 0.026 for CCL5 and CCL11, respectively). Conclusions Our study supports the idea that LDL-C regulates the expression of CCL5 and CCL11 chemokines, which may have predictive values for survival in colon cancer patients with normal BMI, especially for patients in TNM stage II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Pan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zonghui Ding
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Yunzhu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuezhong Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunpeng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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48
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Wang Y, Yutuc E, Griffiths WJ. Cholesterol metabolism pathways - are the intermediates more important than the products? FEBS J 2021; 288:3727-3745. [PMID: 33506652 PMCID: PMC8653896 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Every cell in vertebrates possesses the machinery to synthesise cholesterol and to metabolise it. The major route of cholesterol metabolism is conversion to bile acids. Bile acids themselves are interesting molecules being ligands to nuclear and G protein‐coupled receptors, but perhaps the intermediates in the bile acid biosynthesis pathways are even more interesting and equally important. Here, we discuss the biological activity of the different intermediates generated in the various bile acid biosynthesis pathways. We put forward the hypothesis that the acidic pathway of bile acid biosynthesis has primary evolved to generate signalling molecules and its utilisation by hepatocytes provides an added bonus of producing bile acids to aid absorption of lipids in the intestine.
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49
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Gianazza E, Brioschi M, Martinez Fernandez A, Casalnuovo F, Altomare A, Aldini G, Banfi C. Lipid Peroxidation in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:49-98. [PMID: 32640910 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVDs) continue to be a primary cause of mortality worldwide in adults aged 35-70 years, occurring more often in countries with lower economic development, and they constitute an ever-growing global burden that has a considerable socioeconomic impact on society. The ACVDs encompass diverse pathologies such as coronary artery disease and heart failure (HF), among others. Recent Advances: It is known that oxidative stress plays a relevant role in ACVDs and some of its effects are mediated by lipid oxidation. In particular, lipid peroxidation (LPO) is a process under which oxidants such as reactive oxygen species attack unsaturated lipids, generating a wide array of oxidation products. These molecules can interact with circulating lipoproteins, to diffuse inside the cell and even to cross biological membranes, modifying target nucleophilic sites within biomolecules such as DNA, lipids, and proteins, and resulting in a plethora of biological effects. Critical Issues: This review summarizes the evidence of the effect of LPO in the development and progression of atherosclerosis-based diseases, HF, and other cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the role of protein adduct formation. Moreover, potential therapeutic strategies targeted at lipoxidation in ACVDs are also discussed. Future Directions: The identification of valid biomarkers for the detection of lipoxidation products and adducts may provide insights into the improvement of the cardiovascular risk stratification of patients and the development of therapeutic strategies against the oxidative effects that can then be applied within a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gianazza
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Brioschi
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Proteomics Unit, Monzino Cardiology Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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50
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Quality control and evaluation of Inonotus obliquus using HPLC method with novel marker compounds. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCurrent quality control ofInonotus obliquusrequires chromogen complex content limit of 10% in accordance with the State Pharmacopoeia of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. However, this causes ambiguous results, impeding precise quality control. To improve ambiguous quality control criteria, this study developed a new HPLC method using two novel marker compounds (inotodiol and 3β-hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-21-al) to control the quality control ofI. obliquus. The HPLC analysis was carried out in a C18 column with an isocratic elution of 95% acetonitrile at 210 nm. The developed method validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery. The content criteria were established by the linear regression method and relative standard deviation method. As the results of the quantitative monitoring, 1.165 mg/g of inotodiol and 1.717 mg/g of 3β-hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-21-al, calculated by the relative standard deviation method, were suggested new quality criteria. A new HPLC method was developed to improve current quality control ofI. obliquusand new lower content criteria were proposed as a result of quantitative monitoring.Graphical abstract
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