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Hao L, Khan MSH, Zu Y, Liu J, Wang S. Thermoneutrality Inhibits Thermogenic Markers and Exacerbates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8482. [PMID: 39126051 PMCID: PMC11312964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects over a third of the US population and 25% globally, with current treatments proving ineffective. This study investigates whether manipulating brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat activity by housing C57BL/6J mice at thermoneutral (27 °C) or standard temperatures (22 °C) impacts NAFLD development. Male mice were fed either a chow diet (CHD) or a "fast food" diet (FFD) for 10 weeks. Mice at 27 °C had reduced food intake but increased body weight and plasma leptin levels. FFD-fed mice at 27 °C had greater liver weight (2.6 vs. 1.8 g), triglyceride content (7.6 vs. 3.9 mg/g), and hepatic steatosis compared to those at 22 °C. Gene expression of fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, and fatty acid translocase CD36 was elevated in FFD-fed mice at 27 °C, but not in CHD-fed mice. Thermoneutral housing also reduced expression of thermogenic markers in BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) and caused BAT whitening. In conclusion, thermoneutrality inhibits thermogenic markers and exacerbates NAFLD. Activating BAT or promoting WAT browning via cold exposure or other stimuli may offer a strategy for managing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.S.H.K.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
- Department of Allied and Public Health, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indian, PA 15705, USA
| | - Md Shahjalal Hossain Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.S.H.K.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yujiao Zu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.S.H.K.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.S.H.K.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.S.H.K.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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2
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Tian J, Moon JS, Nga HT, Lee HY, Nguyen TL, Jang HJ, Setoyama D, Shong M, Lee JH, Yi HS. Brown fat-specific mitoribosomal function is crucial for preventing cold exposure-induced bone loss. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:314. [PMID: 39066814 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the interplay between ambient temperature, brown adipose tissue (BAT) function, and bone metabolism, emphasizing the effects of cold exposure and BAT mitochondrial activity on bone health. Utilizing ovariectomized (OVX) mice to model primary osteoporosis and BAT-specific mitochondrial dysfunction (BKO) mice, we evaluated the impact of housing temperature on bone density, immune modulation in bone marrow, and the protective role of BAT against bone loss. Cold exposure was found to universally reduce bone mass, enhance osteoclastogenesis, and alter bone marrow T-cell populations, implicating the immune system in bone remodeling under cold stress. The thermogenic function of BAT, driven by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, was crucial in protecting against bone loss. Impaired BAT function, through surgical removal or mitochondrial dysfunction, exacerbated bone loss in cold environments, highlighting BAT's metabolic role in maintaining bone health. Furthermore, cold-induced changes in BAT function led to systemic metabolic shifts, including elevated long-chain fatty acids, which influenced osteoclast differentiation and activity. These findings suggest a systemic mechanism connecting environmental temperature and BAT metabolism with bone physiology, providing new insights into the metabolic and environmental determinants of bone health. Future research could lead to novel bone disease therapies targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Moon
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Thi Nga
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yeop Lee
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Linh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Ju Jang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Minho Shong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune System, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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Dore R, Mittag J. Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Control of Heart Rate. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae093. [PMID: 39047059 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone has profound effects on cardiovascular functions, including heart rate. These effects can be mediated directly, for example, by changing the expression of target genes in the heart through nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, or indirectly by altering the autonomic nervous systems output of the brain. The underlying molecular mechanisms as well as the cellular substrates, however, are far from being understood. In this review, we summarize the recent key findings on the individual contributions of the two thyroid hormone receptor isoforms on the regulation of heart rate, challenging the role of the pacemaker channel genes Hcn2 and Hcn4 as sole mediators of the hormone's effect. Furthermore, we discuss the possible actions of thyroid hormone on the autonomic nervous system affecting heart rate distribution, and highlight the possibility of permanent alterations in heart and brain by impaired thyroid hormone action during development as important factors to consider when analyzing or designing experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dore
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Jacobsen JM, Petersen N, Torz L, Gerstenberg MK, Pedersen K, Østergaard S, Wulff BS, Andersen B, Raun K, Christoffersen BØ, John LM, Reitman ML, Kuhre RE. Housing mice near vs. below thermoneutrality affects drug-induced weight loss but does not improve prediction of efficacy in humans. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114501. [PMID: 39067024 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of weight loss drugs is usually performed in diet-induced obese mice housed at ∼22°C. This is a cold stress that increases energy expenditure by ∼35% compared to thermoneutrality (∼30°C), which may overestimate drug-induced weight loss. We investigated five anti-obesity mechanisms that have been in clinical development, comparing weight loss in mice housed at 22°C vs. 30°C. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), human fibroblast growth factor 21 (hFGF21), and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist induced similar weight losses. Peptide YY elicited greater vehicle-subtracted weight loss at 30°C (7.2% vs. 1.4%), whereas growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was more effective at 22°C (13% vs. 6%). Independent of ambient temperature, GLP-1 and hFGF21 prevented the reduction in metabolic rate caused by weight loss. There was no simple rule for a better prediction of human drug efficacy based on ambient temperature, but since humans live at thermoneutrality, drug testing using mice should include experiments near thermoneutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Jacobsen
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Natalia Petersen
- Liver and Gut Biology, Obesity & NASH, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Lola Torz
- Liver and Gut Biology, Obesity & NASH, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | | | - Kent Pedersen
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Søren Østergaard
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Birgitte S Wulff
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Andersen
- Diabetes, Obesity and NASH, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Raun
- Lead Portfolio Projects, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | | | - Linu M John
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rune E Kuhre
- Obesity and Liver Pharmacology, Integrated Physiology Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Sahin C, Melanson JR, Le Billan F, Magomedova L, Ferreira TAM, Oliveira AS, Pollock-Tahari E, Saikali MF, Cash SB, Woo M, Romeiro LAS, Cummins CL. A novel fatty acid mimetic with pan-PPAR partial agonist activity inhibits diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Mol Metab 2024; 85:101958. [PMID: 38763495 PMCID: PMC11170206 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of metabolic diseases is increasing globally at an alarming rate; thus, it is essential that effective, accessible, low-cost therapeutics are developed. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors that tightly regulate glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism and are important drug targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. We previously identified LDT409, a fatty acid-like compound derived from cashew nut shell liquid, as a novel pan-active PPARα/γ/δ compound. Herein, we aimed to assess the efficacy of LDT409 in vivo and investigate the molecular mechanisms governing the actions of the fatty acid mimetic LDT409 in diet-induced obese mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice (6-11-month-old) were fed a chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks; mice thereafter received once daily intraperitoneal injections of vehicle, 10 mg/kg Rosiglitazone, 40 mg/kg WY14643, or 40 mg/kg LDT409 for 18 days while continuing the HFD. During treatments, body weight, food intake, glucose and insulin tolerance, energy expenditure, and intestinal lipid absorption were measured. On day 18 of treatment, tissues and plasma were collected for histological, molecular, and biochemical analysis. RESULTS We found that treatment with LDT409 was effective at reversing HFD-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities in mice. LDT409 lowered food intake and hyperlipidemia, while improving insulin tolerance. Despite being a substrate of both PPARα and PPARγ, LDT409 was crucial for promoting hepatic fatty acid oxidation and reducing hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice. We also highlighted a role for LDT409 in white and brown adipocytes in vitro and in vivo where it decreased fat accumulation, increased lipolysis, induced browning of WAT, and upregulated thermogenic gene Ucp1. Remarkably, LDT409 reversed HFD-induced weight gain back to chow-fed control levels. We determined that the LDT409-induced weight-loss was associated with a combination of increased energy expenditure (detectable before weight loss was apparent), decreased food intake, increased systemic fat utilization, and increased fecal lipid excretion in HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, LDT409 represents a fatty acid mimetic that generates a uniquely favorable metabolic response for the treatment of multiple abnormalities including obesity, dyslipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and diabetes. LDT409 is derived from a highly abundant natural product-based starting material and its development could be pursued as a therapeutic solution to the global metabolic health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jenna-Rose Melanson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Florian Le Billan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Lilia Magomedova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Thais A M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 71910-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa S Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 71910-900, Brazil
| | - Evan Pollock-Tahari
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Michael F Saikali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sarah B Cash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Luiz A S Romeiro
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 71910-900, Brazil
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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6
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Low ZS, Chua D, Cheng HS, Tee R, Tan WR, Ball C, Sahib NBE, Ng SS, Qu J, Liu Y, Hong H, Cai C, Rao NCL, Wee A, Muthiah MD, Bichler Z, Mickelson B, Kong MS, Tay VS, Yan Z, Chen J, Ng AS, Yip YS, Vos MIG, Tan NA, Lim DL, Lim DXE, Chittezhath M, Yaligar J, Verma SK, Poptani H, Guan XL, Velan SS, Ali Y, Li L, Tan NS, Wahli W. The LIDPAD Mouse Model Captures the Multisystem Interactions and Extrahepatic Complications in MASLD. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404326. [PMID: 38952069 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents an impending global health challenge. Current management strategies often face setbacks, emphasizing the need for preclinical models that faithfully mimic the human disease and its comorbidities. The liver disease progression aggravation diet (LIDPAD), a diet-induced murine model, extensively characterized under thermoneutral conditions and refined diets is introduced to ensure reproducibility and minimize species differences. LIDPAD recapitulates key phenotypic, genetic, and metabolic hallmarks of human MASLD, including multiorgan communications, and disease progression within 4 to 16 weeks. These findings reveal gut-liver dysregulation as an early event and compensatory pancreatic islet hyperplasia, underscoring the gut-pancreas axis in MASLD pathogenesis. A robust computational pipeline is also detailed for transcriptomic-guided disease staging, validated against multiple harmonized human hepatic transcriptomic datasets, thereby enabling comparative studies between human and mouse models. This approach underscores the remarkable similarity of the LIDPAD model to human MASLD. The LIDPAD model fidelity to human MASLD is further confirmed by its responsiveness to dietary interventions, with improvements in metabolic profiles, liver histopathology, hepatic transcriptomes, and gut microbial diversity. These results, alongside the closely aligned changing disease-associated molecular signatures between the human MASLD and LIDPAD model, affirm the model's relevance and potential for driving therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Rachel Tee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Wei Ren Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Christopher Ball
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Norliza Binte Esmail Sahib
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ser Sue Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yingzi Liu
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Haiyu Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 Mei Hua East Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Chaonong Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 52 Mei Hua East Road, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | | | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Mark Dhinesh Muthiah
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Zoë Bichler
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | | | - Mei Suen Kong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Shiyun Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Zhuang Yan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jiapeng Chen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yun Sheng Yip
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ivan Gerard Vos
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Nicole Ashley Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Dao Liang Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Debbie Xiu En Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Manesh Chittezhath
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Xue Li Guan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Sambasivam Sendhil Velan
- Metabolic Imaging Group, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse, 1331, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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Sztanek F, Tóth LI, Pető A, Hernyák M, Diószegi Á, Harangi M. New Developments in Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes-Beyond and within GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1320. [PMID: 38927527 PMCID: PMC11201978 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Guidelines for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) emphasize the importance of lifestyle changes, including a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. However, for many people, these changes can be difficult to maintain over the long term. Medication options are already available to treat obesity, which can help reduce appetite and/or reduce caloric intake. Incretin-based peptides exert their effect through G-protein-coupled receptors, the receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon peptide hormones are important regulators of insulin secretion and energy metabolism. Understanding the role of intercellular signaling pathways and inflammatory processes is essential for the development of effective pharmacological agents in obesity. GLP-1 receptor agonists have been successfully used, but it is assumed that their effectiveness may be limited by desensitization and downregulation of the target receptor. A growing number of new agents acting on incretin hormones are becoming available for everyday clinical practice, including oral GLP-1 receptor agonists, the dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist tirzepatide, and other dual and triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor agonists, which may show further significant therapeutic potential. This narrative review summarizes the therapeutic effects of different incretin hormones and presents future prospects in the treatment of T2DM and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sztanek
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Imre Tóth
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Pető
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis Hospital of Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen County Central Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, H-3529 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Marcell Hernyák
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Diószegi
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group 11003, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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8
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Hu F, Zhang G, Xu Z, Zuo Z, Huang N, Ge M, Liu X, Dong B. The diagnostic agreement of sarcopenic obesity with different definitions in Chinese community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1356878. [PMID: 38903580 PMCID: PMC11188776 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1356878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In 2022, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) launched a consensus on the diagnostic methods for sarcopenic obesity (SO). The study aimed to identify the prevalence and diagnostic agreement of SO using different diagnostic methods in a cohort of subjects from West China aged at least 50 years old. Methods A large multi-ethnic sample of 4,155 participants from the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study was analyzed. SO was defined according to the newly published consensus of the ESPEN/EASO. Furthermore, SO was diagnosed as a combination of sarcopenia and obesity. The criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS2019) were used to define sarcopenia. Obesity was defined by four widely used indicators: percent of body fat (PBF), visceral fat area (VFA), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI). Cohen's kappa was used to analyze the diagnostic agreement of the above five diagnostic methods. Results A total of 4,155 participants were part of the study, including 1,499 men (63.76 ± 8.23 years) and 2,656 women (61.61 ± 8.20 years). The prevalence of SO was 0.63-7.22% with different diagnostic methods. The diagnosis agreement of five diagnostic methods was poor-to-good (κ: 0.06-0.67). The consensus by the ESPEN/EASO had the poorest agreement with other methods (κ: 0.06-0.32). AWGS+VFA had the best agreement with AWGS+WC (κ = 0.67), and consensus by the ESPEN/EASO had the best agreement with AWGS+ PBF (κ = 0.32). Conclusion The prevalence and diagnostic agreement of SO varies considerably between different diagnostic methods. AWGS+WC has the highest diagnostic rate in the diagnosis of SO, whereas AWGS+BMI has the lowest. AWGS+VFA has a relatively good diagnostic agreement with other diagnostic methods, while the consensus of the ESPEN/EASO has a poor diagnostic agreement. AWGS+PBF may be suitable for the alternative diagnosis of the 2022 ESPEN/EASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gongchang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiliang Zuo
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiling Ge
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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9
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Basu R, Elmendorf AJ, Lorentz B, Mahler CA, Lazzaro O, App B, Zhou S, Yamamoto Y, Suber M, Wann JC, Roh HC, Sheets PL, Johnson TS, Flak JN. Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus subset stimulates tissue thermogenesis via preoptic area outputs. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101951. [PMID: 38729241 PMCID: PMC11112375 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypothalamic signals potently stimulate energy expenditure by engaging peripheral mechanisms to restore energy homeostasis. Previous studies have identified several critical hypothalamic sites (e.g. preoptic area (POA) and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN)) that could be part of an interconnected neurocircuit that controls tissue thermogenesis and essential for body weight control. However, the key neurocircuit that can stimulate energy expenditure has not yet been established. METHODS Here, we investigated the downstream mechanisms by which VMN neurons stimulate adipose tissue thermogenesis. We manipulated subsets of VMN neurons acutely as well as chronically and studied its effect on tissue thermogenesis and body weight control, using Sf1Cre and Adcyap1Cre mice and measured physiological parameters under both high-fat diet and standard chow diet conditions. To determine the node efferent to these VMN neurons, that is involved in modulating energy expenditure, we employed electrophysiology and optogenetics experiments combined with measurements using tissue-implantable temperature microchips. RESULTS Activation of the VMN neurons that express the steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf1; VMNSf1 neurons) reduced body weight, adiposity and increased energy expenditure in diet-induced obese mice. This function is likely mediated, at least in part, by the release of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; encoded by the Adcyap1 gene) by the VMN neurons, since we previously demonstrated that PACAP, at the VMN, plays a key role in energy expenditure control. Thus, we then shifted focus to the subpopulation of VMNSf1 neurons that contain the neuropeptide PACAP (VMNPACAP neurons). Since the VMN neurons do not directly project to the peripheral tissues, we traced the location of the VMNPACAP neurons' efferents. We identified that VMNPACAP neurons project to and activate neurons in the caudal regions of the POA whereby these projections stimulate tissue thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue. We demonstrated that selective activation of caudal POA projections from VMNPACAP neurons induces tissue thermogenesis, most potently in negative energy balance and activating these projections lead to some similar, but mostly unique, patterns of gene expression in brown and beige tissue. Finally, we demonstrated that the activation of the VMNPACAP neurons' efferents that lie at the caudal POA are necessary for inducing tissue thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that VMNPACAP connections with the caudal POA neurons impact adipose tissue function and are important for induction of tissue thermogenesis. Our data suggests that the VMNPACAP → caudal POA neurocircuit and its components are critical for controlling energy balance by activating energy expenditure and body weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmita Basu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Elmendorf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Betty Lorentz
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Connor A Mahler
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Olivia Lazzaro
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Britany App
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shudi Zhou
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yura Yamamoto
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mya Suber
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jamie C Wann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hyun Cheol Roh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Patrick L Sheets
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Travis S Johnson
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan N Flak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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10
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Han A, Hudson-Paz C, Robinson BG, Becker L, Jacobson A, Kaltschmidt JA, Garrison JL, Bhatt AS, Monack DM. Temperature-dependent differences in mouse gut motility are mediated by stress. Lab Anim (NY) 2024; 53:148-159. [PMID: 38806681 PMCID: PMC11147774 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-024-01376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Researchers have advocated elevating mouse housing temperatures from the conventional ~22 °C to the mouse thermoneutral point of 30 °C to enhance translational research. However, the impact of environmental temperature on mouse gastrointestinal physiology remains largely unexplored. Here we show that mice raised at 22 °C exhibit whole gut transit speed nearly twice as fast as those raised at 30 °C, primarily driven by a threefold increase in colon transit speed. Furthermore, gut microbiota composition differs between the two temperatures but does not dictate temperature-dependent differences in gut motility. Notably, increased stress signals from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis at 22 °C have a pivotal role in mediating temperature-dependent differences in gut motility. Pharmacological and genetic depletion of the stress hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone slows gut motility in stressed 22 °C mice but has no comparable effect in relatively unstressed 30 °C mice. In conclusion, our findings highlight that colder mouse facility temperatures significantly increase gut motility through hormonal stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Beatriz G Robinson
- Neurosciences IDP Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laren Becker
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Jacobson
- Genentech Inc., Research and Early Development, Immunology Discovery, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia A Kaltschmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Garrison
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Global Consortium for Reproductive Longevity & Equality, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Ami S Bhatt
- Department of Medicine (Hematology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Denise M Monack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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11
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Cui X, Cao Q, Li F, Jing J, Liu Z, Yang X, Schwartz GJ, Yu L, Shi H, Shi H, Xue B. The histone methyltransferase SUV420H2 regulates brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e164771. [PMID: 38713533 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis increases energy expenditure and alleviates obesity. Here we discover that histone methyltransferase suppressor of variegation 4-20 homolog 2 (Suv420h2) expression parallels that of Ucp1 in brown and beige adipocytes and that Suv420h2 knockdown significantly reduces - whereas Suv420h2 overexpression significantly increases - Ucp1 levels in brown adipocytes. Suv420h2 knockout (H2KO) mice exhibit impaired cold-induced thermogenesis and are prone to diet-induced obesity. In contrast, mice with specific overexpression of Suv420h2 in adipocytes display enhanced cold-induced thermogenesis and are resistant to diet-induced obesity. Further study shows that Suv420h2 catalyzes H4K20 trimethylation at eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4e-bp1) promoter, leading to downregulated expression of 4e-bp1, a negative regulator of the translation initiation complex. This in turn upregulates PGC1α protein levels, and this upregulation is associated with increased expression of thermogenic program. We conclude that Suv420h2 is a key regulator of brown/beige adipocyte development and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cui
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fenfen Li
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jia Jing
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhixue Liu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gary J Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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12
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Gómez-Hernández A, de las Heras N, Gálvez BG, Fernández-Marcelo T, Fernández-Millán E, Escribano Ó. New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4659. [PMID: 38731880 PMCID: PMC11083914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Benfica LF, Brito LF, do Bem RD, de Oliveira LF, Mulim HA, Braga LG, Cyrillo JNSG, Bonilha SFM, Mercadante MEZ. Detection and characterization of copy number variation in three differentially-selected Nellore cattle populations. Front Genet 2024; 15:1377130. [PMID: 38694873 PMCID: PMC11061390 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1377130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nellore cattle (Bos taurus indicus) is the main beef cattle breed raised in Brazil. This breed is well adapted to tropical conditions and, more recently, has experienced intensive genetic selection for multiple performance traits. Over the past 43 years, an experimental breeding program has been developed in the Institute of Animal Science (IZ, Sertaozinho, SP, Brazil), which resulted in three differentially-selected lines known as Nellore Control (NeC), Nellore Selection (NeS), and Nellore Traditional (NeT). The primary goal of this selection experiment was to determine the response to selection for yearling weight (YW) and residual feed intake (RFI) on Nellore cattle. The main objectives of this study were to: 1) identify copy number variation (CNVs) in Nellore cattle from three selection lines; 2) identify and characterize CNV regions (CNVR) on these three lines; and 3) perform functional enrichment analyses of the CNVR identified. Results: A total of 14,914 unique CNVs and 1,884 CNVRs were identified when considering all lines as a single population. The CNVRs were non-uniformly distributed across the chromosomes of the three selection lines included in the study. The NeT line had the highest number of CNVRs (n = 1,493), followed by the NeS (n = 823) and NeC (n = 482) lines. The CNVRs covered 23,449,890 bp (0.94%), 40,175,556 bp (1.61%), and 63,212,273 bp (2.54%) of the genome of the NeC, NeS, and NeT lines, respectively. Two CNVRs were commonly identified between the three lines, and six, two, and four exclusive regions were identified for NeC, NeS, and NeT, respectively. All the exclusive regions overlap with important genes, such as SMARCD3, SLC15A1, and MAPK1. Key biological processes associated with the candidate genes were identified, including pathways related to growth and metabolism. Conclusion: This study revealed large variability in CNVs and CNVRs across three Nellore lines differentially selected for YW and RFI. Gene annotation and gene ontology analyses of the exclusive CNVRs to each line revealed specific genes and biological processes involved in the expression of growth and feed efficiency traits. These findings contribute to the understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the phenotypic differences among the three Nellore selection lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena F. Benfica
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ricardo D. do Bem
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique A. Mulim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Larissa G. Braga
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sarah F. M. Bonilha
- Beef Cattle Research Center, Institute of Animal Science, Sertaozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugenia Z. Mercadante
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- Beef Cattle Research Center, Institute of Animal Science, Sertaozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Kenkel WM, Ahmed S, Partie M, Rogers K. Delivery by cesarean section leads to heavier adult bodyweight in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Horm Behav 2024; 160:105499. [PMID: 38350334 PMCID: PMC10961198 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Delivery by cesarean section now makes up 32.1 % of all births in the United States. Meta-analyses have estimated that delivery by cesarean section is associated with a > 50 % increased risk for childhood obesity by 5 years of age. While this association is independent of maternal obesity, breastfeeding, and heritable factors, studies in humans have been unable to test for a causal role of cesarean delivery in this regard. Here, we set out to use an animal model to experimentally test whether delivery by cesarean section would increase offspring weight in adulthood. Delivery by cesarean section may exert neurodevelopmental consequences by impacting hormones that are important at birth as well as during metabolic regulation in later life, such as oxytocin and vasopressin. The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) has long been studied to investigate the roles of oxytocin and vasopressin in brain development and social behavior. Here, we establish that prairie voles tolerate a range of ambient temperatures, including conventional 22° housing, which makes them translationally appropriate for studies of diet-induced obesity. We also studied vole offspring for their growth, sucrose preference, home cage locomotor activity, and food consumption after birth by either cesarean section or vaginal delivery. At sacrifice, we collected measures of weight, length, and adipose tissue to analyze body composition in adulthood. Voles delivered by cesarean section had consistently greater bodyweights than those born vaginally, despite having lower food consumption and greater locomotive activity. Cesarean-delivered animals were also longer, though this did not explain their greater body weights. While cesarean delivery had no effect on vasopressin, it resulted in less oxytocin immunoreactivity within the hypothalamus in adulthood. These results support the case that cesarean section delivery plays a causal role in increasing offspring body weight, potentially by affecting the oxytocin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Kenkel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, United States of America.
| | - Sabreen Ahmed
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, United States of America
| | - Miranda Partie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Rogers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, United States of America
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15
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Furber EC, Hyatt K, Collins K, Yu X, Droz BA, Holland A, Friedrich JL, Wojnicki S, Konkol DL, O’Farrell LS, Baker HE, Coskun T, Scherer PE, Kusminski CM, Christe ME, Sloop KW, Samms RJ. GIPR Agonism Enhances TZD-Induced Insulin Sensitivity in Obese IR Mice. Diabetes 2024; 73:292-305. [PMID: 37934926 PMCID: PMC10796301 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have found that glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) agonism can enhance the metabolic efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment by promoting both weight-dependent and -independent improvements on systemic insulin sensitivity. These findings have prompted new investigations aimed at better understanding the broad metabolic benefit of GIPR activation. Herein, we determined whether GIPR agonism favorably influenced the pharmacologic efficacy of the insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione (TZD) rosiglitazone in obese insulin-resistant (IR) mice. Genetic and pharmacological approaches were used to examine the role of GIPR signaling on rosiglitazone-induced weight gain, hyperphagia, and glycemic control. RNA sequencing was conducted to uncover potential mechanisms by which GIPR activation influences energy balance and insulin sensitivity. In line with previous findings, treatment with rosiglitazone induced the mRNA expression of the GIPR in white and brown fat. However, obese GIPR-null mice dosed with rosiglitazone had equivalent weight gain to that of wild-type (WT) animals. Strikingly, chronic treatment of obese IR WT animals with a long-acting GIPR agonist prevented rosiglitazone-induced weight-gain and hyperphagia, and it enhanced the insulin-sensitivity effect of this TZD. The systemic insulin sensitization was accompanied by increased glucose disposal in brown adipose tissue, which was underlined by the recruitment of metabolic and thermogenic genes. These findings suggest that GIPR agonism can counter the negative consequences of rosiglitazone treatment on body weight and adiposity, while improving its insulin-sensitizing efficacy at the same time. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C. Furber
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Karissa Hyatt
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kyla Collins
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Brian A. Droz
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Adrienne Holland
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jessica L. Friedrich
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Samantha Wojnicki
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Debra L. Konkol
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Libbey S. O’Farrell
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hana E. Baker
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tamer Coskun
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Christine M. Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Michael E. Christe
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kyle W. Sloop
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ricardo J. Samms
- Diabetes, Obesity and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
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16
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Gębczyński AK, Sadowska J, Konarzewski M. Differences in the range of thermoneutral zone between mouse strains: potential effects on translational research. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R91-R99. [PMID: 38009211 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00154.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory mice are commonly used for studies emulating human metabolism. To render human energetics, their ratio of daily (DEE) to basal (BMR) energy expenditure of 1.7-1.8 should be maintained. However, the DEE/BMR ratio strongly depends on whether a given study using a mouse model is carried out above, or below the lower critical temperature (LCT) of the thermoneutral zone, which is rarely considered in translational research. Here, we used mice artificially selected for high or low rates of BMR along with literature data to analyze the effect of ambient temperature on possible systematic bias in DEE/BMR. We demonstrated that the estimated LCTs of mice from the high and low BMR lines differ by more than 7°C. Furthermore, the range of variation of LCTs of mouse strains used in translational research spans from 23 to 33°C. Differences between LCTs in our selected mice and other mouse strains are mirrored by differences in their DEE-to-BMR ratio, on average increasing it at the rate of 0.172°C-1 at temperatures below LCT. Given the wide range of LCTs in different mouse strains, we conclude that the energetic cost of thermoregulation may differ greatly for different mouse strains with a potentially large impact on translational outcomes. Thus, the LCT of a given mouse strain is an important factor that must be considered in designing translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julita Sadowska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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17
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Pešić D, Đukić MM, Stanojević I, Živkovć V, Bolevich S, Bolevich S, Jakovljević V. Cardiorespiratory fitness mediates cortisol and lactate responses to winter and summer marches. J Med Biochem 2024; 43:72-85. [PMID: 38496029 PMCID: PMC10943469 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-44369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of homeostatically regulated physiological processes, including cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), on the response to physical stressors such as acclimatisation and marching, remains understudied. We aimed to investigate the effects of summer and winter acclimatisation and marching on cortisol levels and blood lactate, to gain insight into the role of these physiological processes in the stress response. Methods Two groups of young Europeans, classified as poor (PCF; n=9) and good physical condition (GCF; n=21), based on a VO2MAX threshold of 40 mL O2/ kg/min, underwent 2-h March (6-7 km/h) in winter (5˚C) and summer (32˚C). Commercial tests, UniCel DxI Access Cortisol assay and EKF Biosen Clinic/GP assay were used for cortisol and lactate blood measurements (morning samples and those taken immediately after marches), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniel Pešić
- Military Medical Academy, Institute of Hygiene, Department of Exercise Physiology, Belgrade
| | - Mirjana M. Đukić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Belgrade
| | - Ivan Stanojević
- Military Medical Academy, Institute of Medical Research, Belgrade
| | - Vladimir Živkovć
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kragujevac
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- First Moscow State Medical University I. M. Sechenov, Department of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefani Bolevich
- First Moscow State Medical University I. M. Sechenov, Department of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kragujevac
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18
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Ahmadieh S, Goo B, Zarzour A, Kim D, Shi H, Veerapaneni P, Chouhaita R, Yiew NK, Gonzalez CD, Chakravartty A, Pennoyer J, Hassan N, Benson TW, Ogbi M, Fulton DJ, Lee R, Rice RD, Hilton LR, Lei Y, Lu XY, Chen W, Kim HW, Weintraub NL. Impact of housing temperature on adipose tissue HDAC9 expression and adipogenic differentiation in high fat-fed mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:107-119. [PMID: 37869960 PMCID: PMC10840750 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired adipogenic differentiation exacerbates metabolic disease in obesity. This study reported that high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice housed at thermoneutrality exhibited impaired adipogenic differentiation, attributed to increased expression of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9). However, the impact of HFD on adipogenic differentiation is reportedly variable, possibly reflecting divergent environmental conditions such as housing temperature. METHODS C57BL/6J (wild-type [WT]) mice were housed at either thermoneutral (28-30°C) or ambient (20-22°C) temperature and fed HFD or chow diet (CD) for 12 weeks. For acute exposure experiments, WT or transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) knockout mice housed under thermoneutrality were acutely exposed to ambient temperature for 6 to 24 h. RESULTS WT mice fed HFD and housed at thermoneutrality, compared with ambient temperature, gained more weight despite reduced food intake. They likewise exhibited increased inguinal adipose tissue HDAC9 expression and reduced adipogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo compared with CD-fed mice. Conversely, HFD-fed mice housed at ambient temperature exhibited minimal change in adipose HDAC9 expression or adipogenic differentiation. Acute exposure of WT mice to ambient temperature reduced adipose HDAC9 expression independent of sympathetic β-adrenergic signaling via a TRPM8-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Adipose HDAC9 expression is temperature sensitive, regulating adipogenic differentiation in HFD-fed mice housed under thermoneutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Ahmadieh
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Brandee Goo
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Abdalrahman Zarzour
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - David Kim
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Praneet Veerapaneni
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Ronnie Chouhaita
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Nicole K.H. Yiew
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Carla Dominguez Gonzalez
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Akash Chakravartty
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - James Pennoyer
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Nazeera Hassan
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Tyler W. Benson
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Mourad Ogbi
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - David J. Fulton
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Richard Lee
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Robert D. Rice
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Lisa R. Hilton
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Yun Lei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Neal L. Weintraub
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Department of Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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19
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Coertjens M, Coertjens PC, Tartaruga MP, Gorski T, Lima-Silva AE, Carminatti LJ, Beyer PO, de Almeida APV, Geremia JM, Peyré-Tartaruga LA, Kruel LFM. Energetic responses of head-out water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequence on anaerobic mechanical power. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2813-2831. [PMID: 37393218 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While exercise recovery may be beneficial from a physiological point of view, it may be detrimental to subsequent anaerobic performance. To investigate the energetic responses of water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequences on subsequent anaerobic performance, a randomized and controlled crossover experimental design was performed with 21 trained cyclists. METHOD Participants were assigned to receive three passive recovery strategies during 10 min after a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT): control (CON: non-immersed condition), cold water immersion (CWI: 20 ℃), and hot water immersion (HWI: 40 ℃). Blood lactate, cardiorespiratory, and mechanical outcomes were measured during the WAnT and its recovery. Time constant (τ), asymptotic value, and area under the curve (AUC) were quantified for each physiologic parameter during recovery. After that, a second WAnT test and 10-min recovery were realized in the same session. RESULTS Regardless the water immersion temperature, water immersion increased [Formula: see text] (+ 18%), asymptote ([Formula: see text]+ 16%, [Formula: see text] + 13%, [Formula: see text] + 17%, HR + 16%) and AUC ([Formula: see text]+ 27%, [Formula: see text] + 18%, [Formula: see text] + 20%, HR + 25%), while decreased [Formula: see text] (- 33%). There was no influence of water immersion on blood lactate parameters. HWI improved the mean power output during the second WAnT (2.2%), while the CWI decreased 2.4% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Independent of temperature, water immersion enhanced aerobic energy recovery without modifying blood lactate recovery. However, subsequent anaerobic performance was increased only during HWI and decreased during CWI. Despite higher than in other studies, 20 °C effectively triggered physiological and performance responses. Water immersion-induced physiological changes did not predict subsequent anaerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Coertjens
- School of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Chaves Coertjens
- School of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, PI, CEP: 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Marcus Peikriszwili Tartaruga
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Energetics of the Human Movement, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Gorski
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, ETH Zürich-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- The Human Performance Research Group, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorival José Carminatti
- Morpho-Functional Research Laboratory, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Otto Beyer
- Laboratory of Steam and Refrigeration, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jeam Marcel Geremia
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Martins Kruel
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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20
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Alex Thomas M, Cui X, Artinian LR, Cao Q, Jing J, Silva FC, Wang S, Zigman JM, Sun Y, Shi H, Xue B. Crosstalk between Gut Sensory Ghrelin Signaling and Adipose Tissue Sympathetic Outflow Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.25.568689. [PMID: 38076894 PMCID: PMC10705268 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.25.568689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The stomach-derived orexigenic hormone ghrelin is a key regulator of energy homeostasis and metabolism in humans. The ghrelin receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR), is widely expressed in the brain and gastrointestinal vagal sensory neurons, and neuronal GHSR knockout results in a profoundly beneficial metabolic profile and protects against diet-induced obesity (DIO) and insulin resistance. Here we show that in addition to the well characterized vagal GHSR, GHSR is robustly expressed in gastrointestinal sensory neurons emanating from spinal dorsal root ganglia. Remarkably, sensory neuron GHSR deletion attenuates DIO through increased energy expenditure and sympathetic outflow to adipose tissue independent of food intake. In addition, neuronal viral tract tracing reveals prominent crosstalk between gut non-vagal sensory afferents and adipose sympathetic outflow. Hence, these findings demonstrate a novel gut sensory ghrelin signaling pathway critical for maintaining energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alex Thomas
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jia Jing
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Felipe C. Silva
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shirong Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeffrey M. Zigman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
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21
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Stephenson EJ, Kinney CE, Stayton AS, Han JC. Energy expenditure deficits drive obesity in a mouse model of Alström syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2786-2798. [PMID: 37712194 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alström syndrome (AS) is a rare multisystem disorder of which early onset childhood obesity is a cardinal feature. Like humans with AS, animal models with Alms1 loss-of-function mutations develop obesity, supporting the notion that ALMS1 is required for the regulatory control of energy balance across species. This study aimed to determine which component(s) of energy balance are reliant on ALMS1. METHODS Comprehensive energy balance phenotyping was performed on Alms1tvrm102 mice at both 8 and 18 weeks of age. RESULTS It was found that adiposity gains occurred early and rapidly in Alms1tvrm102 male mice but much later in females. Rapid increases in body fat in males were due to a marked reduction in energy expenditure (EE) during early life and not due to any genotype-specific increases in energy intake under chow conditions. Energy intake did increase in a genotype-specific manner when mice were provided a high-fat diet, exacerbating the effects of reduced EE on obesity progression. The EE deficit observed in male Alms1tvrm102 mice did not persist as mice aged. CONCLUSIONS Either loss of ALMS1 causes a developmental delay in the mechanisms controlling early life EE or activation of compensatory mechanisms occurs after obesity is established in AS. Future studies will determine how ALMS1 modulates EE and how sex moderates this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Stephenson
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Clint E Kinney
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amanda S Stayton
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joan C Han
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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22
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Nedergaard J, von Essen G, Cannon B. Brown adipose tissue: can it keep us slim? A discussion of the evidence for and against the existence of diet-induced thermogenesis in mice and men. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220220. [PMID: 37661736 PMCID: PMC10475870 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The issue under discussion here is whether a decrease in the degree of UCP1 activity (and brown adipose tissue activity in general) could be a cause of obesity in humans. This possibility principally requires the existence of the phenomenon of diet-induced thermogenesis. Obesity could be a consequence of a reduced functionality of diet-induced thermogenesis. Experiments in mice indicate that diet-induced thermogenesis exists and is dependent on the presence of UCP1 and thus of brown adipose tissue activity. Accordingly, many (but not all) experiments indicate that in the absence of UCP1, mice become obese. Whether similar mechanisms exist in humans is still unknown. A series of studies have indicated a correlation between obesity and low brown adipose tissue activity, but it may be so that the obesity itself may influence the estimates of brown adipose tissue activity (generally glucose uptake), partly explaining the relationship. Estimates of brown adipose tissue catabolizing activity would seem to indicate that it may possess a capacity sufficient to help maintain body weight, and obesity would thus be aggravated in its absence. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriella von Essen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Recent advances in pharmacotherapies that promote appetite suppression have shown remarkable weight loss. Therapies targeting energy expenditure lag behind, and as such none have yet been identified to be safe and efficacious for sustaining negative energy balance toward weight loss. Multiple energy dissipating pathways have been identified in adipose tissue and muscle. The molecular effectors of some of these pathways have been identified, but much is still left to be learned about their regulation. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of metabolic inefficiency in adipose tissue and muscle is required if these pathways are to be therapeutically targeted in the context of obesity and obesity-accelerated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kazak
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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24
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Giroud M, Kotschi S, Kwon Y, Le Thuc O, Hoffmann A, Gil‐Lozano M, Karbiener M, Higareda‐Almaraz JC, Khani S, Tews D, Fischer‐Posovszky P, Sun W, Dong H, Ghosh A, Wolfrum C, Wabitsch M, Virtanen KA, Blüher M, Nielsen S, Zeigerer A, García‐Cáceres C, Scheideler M, Herzig S, Bartelt A. The obesity-linked human lncRNA AATBC stimulates mitochondrial function in adipocytes. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57600. [PMID: 37671834 PMCID: PMC10561178 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are critical regulators of metabolism and energy balance. While white adipocyte dysfunction is a hallmark of obesity-associated disorders, thermogenic adipocytes are linked to cardiometabolic health. As adipocytes dynamically adapt to environmental cues by functionally switching between white and thermogenic phenotypes, a molecular understanding of this plasticity could help improving metabolism. Here, we show that the lncRNA Apoptosis associated transcript in bladder cancer (AATBC) is a human-specific regulator of adipocyte plasticity. Comparing transcriptional profiles of human adipose tissues and cultured adipocytes we discovered that AATBC was enriched in thermogenic conditions. Using primary and immortalized human adipocytes we found that AATBC enhanced the thermogenic phenotype, which was linked to increased respiration and a more fragmented mitochondrial network. Expression of AATBC in adipose tissue of mice led to lower plasma leptin levels. Interestingly, this association was also present in human subjects, as AATBC in adipose tissue was inversely correlated with plasma leptin levels, BMI, and other measures of metabolic health. In conclusion, AATBC is a novel obesity-linked regulator of adipocyte plasticity and mitochondrial function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Stefan Kotschi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Yun Kwon
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Ophélia Le Thuc
- Institute for Diabetes and ObesityHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Manuel Gil‐Lozano
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Juan Carlos Higareda‐Almaraz
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Sajjad Khani
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUlm University Medical CenterUlmGermany
| | - Pamela Fischer‐Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUlm University Medical CenterUlmGermany
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUlm University Medical CenterUlmGermany
| | | | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, RheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Cristina García‐Cáceres
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Institute for Diabetes and ObesityHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der UniversitätLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- Chair Molecular Metabolic ControlTechnical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
- Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker CenterHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
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25
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Lundgren P, Sharma PV, Dohnalová L, Coleman K, Uhr GT, Kircher S, Litichevskiy L, Bahnsen K, Descamps HC, Demetriadou C, Chan J, Chellappa K, Cox TO, Heyman Y, Pather SR, Shoffler C, Petucci C, Shalem O, Raj A, Baur JA, Snyder NW, Wellen KE, Levy M, Seale P, Li M, Thaiss CA. A subpopulation of lipogenic brown adipocytes drives thermogenic memory. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1691-1705. [PMID: 37783943 PMCID: PMC11309804 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Sustained responses to transient environmental stimuli are important for survival. The mechanisms underlying long-term adaptations to temporary shifts in abiotic factors remain incompletely understood. Here, we find that transient cold exposure leads to sustained transcriptional and metabolic adaptations in brown adipose tissue, which improve thermogenic responses to secondary cold encounter. Primary thermogenic challenge triggers the delayed induction of a lipid biosynthesis programme even after cessation of the original stimulus, which protects from subsequent exposures. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveal that this response is driven by a lipogenic subpopulation of brown adipocytes localized along the perimeter of Ucp1hi adipocytes. This lipogenic programme is associated with the production of acylcarnitines, and supplementation of acylcarnitines is sufficient to recapitulate improved secondary cold responses. Overall, our data highlight the importance of heterogenous brown adipocyte populations for 'thermogenic memory', which may have therapeutic implications for leveraging short-term thermogenesis to counteract obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lundgren
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prateek V Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lenka Dohnalová
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Coleman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giulia T Uhr
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susanna Kircher
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lev Litichevskiy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Klaas Bahnsen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hélène C Descamps
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christina Demetriadou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy O Cox
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yael Heyman
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarshan R Pather
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Clarissa Shoffler
- Penn Metabolomics Core, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Petucci
- Penn Metabolomics Core, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ophir Shalem
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arjun Raj
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maayan Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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26
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von Essen G, Lindsund E, Maldonado EM, Zouhar P, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Highly recruited brown adipose tissue does not in itself protect against obesity. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101782. [PMID: 37499977 PMCID: PMC10432997 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The possibility to counteract the development of obesity in humans by recruiting brown or brite/beige adipose tissue (and thus UCP1) has attracted much attention. Here we examine if a diet that can activate diet-induced thermogenesis can exploit pre-enhanced amounts of UCP1 to counteract the development of diet-induced obesity. METHODS To investigate the anti-obesity significance of highly augmented amounts of UCP1 for control of body energy reserves, we physiologically increased total UCP1 amounts by recruitment of brown and brite/beige tissues in mice. We then examined the influence of the augmented UCP1 levels on metabolic parameters when the mice were exposed to a high-fat/high-sucrose diet under thermoneutral conditions. RESULTS The total UCP1 levels achieved were about 50-fold higher in recruited than in non-recruited mice. Contrary to underlying expectations, in the mice with highly recruited UCP1 and exposed to a high-fat/high-sucrose diet the thermogenic capacity of this UCP1 was completely inactivate. The mice even transiently (in an adipostat-like manner) demonstrated a higher metabolic efficiency and fat gain than did non-recruited mice. This was accomplished without altering energy expenditure or food absorption efficiency. The metabolic efficiency here was indistinguishable from that of mice totally devoid of UCP1. CONCLUSIONS Although UCP1 protein may be available, it is not inevitably utilized for diet-induced thermogenesis. Thus, although attempts to recruit UCP1 in humans may become successful as such, it is only if constant activation of the UCP1 is also achieved that amelioration of obesity development could be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella von Essen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Lindsund
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elaina M Maldonado
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ-142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Tschöp M, Nogueiras R, Ahrén B. Gut hormone-based pharmacology: novel formulations and future possibilities for metabolic disease therapy. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1796-1808. [PMID: 37209227 PMCID: PMC10474213 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are established pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. They mimic the action of GLP-1 to reduce glucose levels through stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion. They also reduce body weight by inducing satiety through central actions. The GLP-1 receptor agonists used clinically are based on exendin-4 and native GLP-1 and are available as formulations for daily or weekly s.c. or oral administration. GLP-1 receptor agonism is also achieved by inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which prevent the inactivation of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), thereby prolonging their raised levels after meal ingestion. Other developments in GLP-1 receptor agonism include the formation of small orally available agonists and compounds with the potential to pharmaceutically stimulate GLP-1 secretion from the gut. In addition, GLP-1/glucagon and GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonists and GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triple receptor agonists have shown the potential to reduce blood glucose levels and body weight through their effects on islets and peripheral tissues, improving beta cell function and stimulating energy expenditure. This review summarises developments in gut hormone-based therapies and presents the future outlook for their use in type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Germany
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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28
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Mundinger C, Wolf JM, Gogarten JF, Fierz M, Scheuerlein A, Kerth G. Artificially raised roost temperatures lead to larger body sizes in wild bats. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3977-3984.e4. [PMID: 37633280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming has major consequences for animal populations, as ambient temperature profoundly influences all organisms' physiology, behavior, or both.1 Body size in many organisms has been found to change with increased ambient temperatures due to influences on metabolism and/or access to resources.2,3,4,5,6 Changes in body size, in turn, can affect the dynamics and persistence of populations.7 Notably, in some species, body size has increased over the last decades in response to warmer temperatures.3,8 This has primarily been attributed to higher food availability,3 but might also result from metabolic savings in warmer environments.9,10 Bechstein's bats (Myotis bechsteinii) grow to larger body sizes in warmer summers,11 which affects their demography as larger females reproduce earlier at the expense of a shorter life expectancy.12,13 However, it remains unclear whether larger body sizes in warmer summers were due to thermoregulatory benefits or due to increased food availability. To disentangle these effects, we artificially heated communal day roosts of wild maternity colonies over four reproductive seasons. We used generalized mixed models to analyze these experimental results along with 25 years of long-term data comprising a total of 741 juveniles. We found that individuals raised in heated roosts grew significantly larger than those raised in unheated conditions. This suggests that metabolic savings in warmer conditions lead to increased body size, potentially resulting in the decoupling of body growth from prey availability. Our study highlights a direct mechanism by which climate change may alter fitness-relevant traits, with potentially dire consequences for population persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Mundinger
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janis M Wolf
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Jan F Gogarten
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Department of Pathogen Evolution, Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Greifswald, Fleischmannstraße 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcel Fierz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Scheuerlein
- Institute for Data Science, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 18, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gerald Kerth
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Str. 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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29
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Liu Y, Qu Y, Cheng C, Tsai PY, Edwards K, Xue S, Pandit S, Eguchi S, Sanghera N, Barrow JJ. Nipsnap1-A regulatory factor required for long-term maintenance of non-shivering thermogenesis. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101770. [PMID: 37423391 PMCID: PMC10404556 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The activation of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) has strong potential to combat obesity and metabolic disease. The activation of NST however is extremely temporal and the mechanisms surrounding how the benefits of NST are sustained once fully activated, remain unexplored. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of 4-Nitrophenylphosphatase Domain and Non-Neuronal SNAP25-Like 1 (Nipsnap1) in NST maintenance, which is a critical regulator identified in this study. METHODS The expression of Nipsnap1 was profiled by immunoblotting and RT-qPCR. We generated Nipsnap1 knockout mice (N1-KO) and investigated the function of Nipsnap1 in NST maintenance and whole-body metabolism using whole body respirometry analyses. We evaluate the metabolic regulatory role of Nipsnap1 using cellular and mitochondrial respiration assay. RESULTS Here, we show Nipsnap1 as a critical regulator of long-term thermogenic maintenance in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Nipsnap1 localizes to the mitochondrial matrix and increases its transcript and protein levels in response to both chronic cold and β3 adrenergic signaling. We demonstrated that these mice are unable to sustain activated energy expenditure and have significantly lower body temperature in the face of an extended cold challenge. Furthermore, when mice are exposed to the pharmacological β3 agonist CL 316, 243, the N1-KO mice exhibit significant hyperphagia and altered energy balance. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Nipsnap1 integrates with lipid metabolism and BAT-specific ablation of Nipsnap1 leads to severe defects in beta-oxidation capacity when exposed to a cold environmental challenge. CONCLUSION Our findings identify Nipsnap1 as a potent regulator of long-term NST maintenance in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Yue Qu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Chloe Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Pei-Yin Tsai
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Kaydine Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Siwen Xue
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Supriya Pandit
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Sakura Eguchi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Navneet Sanghera
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Joeva J Barrow
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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30
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Lal NK, Le P, Aggarwal S, Zhang A, Wang K, Qi T, Pang Z, Yang D, Nudell V, Yeo GW, Banks AS, Ye L. Xiphoid nucleus of the midline thalamus controls cold-induced food seeking. Nature 2023; 621:138-145. [PMID: 37587337 PMCID: PMC10482681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining body temperature is calorically expensive for endothermic animals1. Mammals eat more in the cold to compensate for energy expenditure2, but the neural mechanism underlying this coupling is not well understood. Through behavioural and metabolic analyses, we found that mice dynamically switch between energy-conservation and food-seeking states in the cold, the latter of which are primarily driven by energy expenditure rather than the sensation of cold. To identify the neural mechanisms underlying cold-induced food seeking, we used whole-brain c-Fos mapping and found that the xiphoid (Xi), a small nucleus in the midline thalamus, was selectively activated by prolonged cold associated with elevated energy expenditure but not with acute cold exposure. In vivo calcium imaging showed that Xi activity correlates with food-seeking episodes under cold conditions. Using activity-dependent viral strategies, we found that optogenetic and chemogenetic stimulation of cold-activated Xi neurons selectively recapitulated food seeking under cold conditions whereas their inhibition suppressed it. Mechanistically, Xi encodes a context-dependent valence switch that promotes food-seeking behaviours under cold but not warm conditions. Furthermore, these behaviours are mediated by a Xi-to-nucleus accumbens projection. Our results establish Xi as a key region in the control of cold-induced feeding, which is an important mechanism in the maintenance of energy homeostasis in endothermic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj K Lal
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samarth Aggarwal
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tianbo Qi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Pang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Nudell
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Gross DC, Cheever CR, Batsis JA. Understanding the development of sarcopenic obesity. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:469-488. [PMID: 37840295 PMCID: PMC10842411 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2267672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenic obesity (SarcO) is defined as the confluence of reduced muscle mass and function and excess body fat. The scientific community is increasingly recognizing this syndrome, which affects a subgroup of persons across their lifespans and places them at synergistically higher risk of significant medical comorbidity and disability than either sarcopenia or obesity alone. Joint efforts in clinical and research settings are imperative to better understand this syndrome and drive the development of urgently needed future interventions. AREAS COVERED Herein, we describe the ongoing challenges in defining sarcopenic obesity and the current state of the science regarding its epidemiology and relationship with adverse events. The field has demonstrated an emergence of data over the past decade which we will summarize in this article. While the etiology of sarcopenic obesity is complex, we present data on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that are hypothesized to promote its development, including age-related changes in body composition, hormonal changes, chronic inflammation, and genetic predisposition. EXPERT OPINION We describe emerging areas of future research that will likely be needed to advance this nascent field, including changes in clinical infrastructure, an enhanced understanding of the lifecourse, and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae C. Gross
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - C. Ray Cheever
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John A. Batsis
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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32
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Zhang Z, Chen N, Yin N, Liu R, He Y, Li D, Tong M, Gao A, Lu P, Zhao Y, Li H, Zhang J, Zhang D, Gu W, Hong J, Wang W, Qi L, Ning G, Wang J. The rs1421085 variant within FTO promotes brown fat thermogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1337-1351. [PMID: 37460841 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
One lead genetic risk signal of obesity-the rs1421085 T>C variant within the FTO gene-is reported to be functional in vitro but lacks evidence at an organism level. Here we recapitulate the homologous human variant in mice with global and brown adipocyte-specific variant knock-in and reveal that mice carrying the C-allele show increased brown fat thermogenic capacity and resistance to high-fat diet-induced adiposity, whereas the obesity-related phenotypic changes are blunted at thermoneutrality. Both in vivo and in vitro data reveal that the C-allele in brown adipocytes enhances the transcription of the Fto gene, which is associated with stronger chromatin looping linking the enhancer region and Fto promoter. Moreover, FTO knockdown or inhibition effectively eliminates the increased thermogenic ability of brown adipocytes carrying the C-allele. Taken together, these findings identify rs1421085 T>C as a functional variant promoting brown fat thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Yin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danjie Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Muye Tong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aibo Gao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquacultural Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Filfilan WM. Thyroid Hormones Regulate the Thermoregulatory Mechanisms of the Body: Review. Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:453-457. [PMID: 38044694 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.453.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play a critical role in metabolism, energy balance and thermogenesis. The mechanisms whereby thyroid hormone increases heat production have been analyzed with emphasis in more recent developments. Thyroid hormone increases obligatory thermogenesis as a result of the stimulation of numerous metabolic pathways involved in the development, remodeling and delivery of energy to the tissues. In this section, alterations in primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism will be contrasted with the physiological characteristics of TH-dependent regulation in response to fasting and exposure to cold. The current review will discuss the situation with regard to regional thyroid hormones in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and more specifically, in peripheral cells. When caused by exposure to cold or fasting, local anomalies in the CNS are distinct from peripheral compartments, in contrast to hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, which differ when similar changes are observed. Lower hypothalamic TH concentrations are associated with cold exposure, although higher peripheral TH levels. The TH tendency is reversed by fasting. Primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism impair them. The current study aims to trace the various mechanisms used by the thyroid gland to regulate the body's energy production process.
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MacDonald CR, Choi JE, Hong CC, Repasky EA. Consideration of the importance of measuring thermal discomfort in biomedical research. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:589-598. [PMID: 37330365 PMCID: PMC10619709 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Core temperature stability is the result of a dynamically regulated balance of heat loss and gain, which is not reflected by a simple thermometer reading. One way in which these changes manifest is in perceived thermal comfort, 'feeling too cold' or 'feeling too hot', which can activate stress pathways. Unfortunately, there is surprisingly little preclinical research that tracks changes in perceived thermal comfort in response to either disease progression or various treatments. Without measuring this endpoint, there may be missed opportunities to evaluate disease and therapy outcomes in murine models of human disease. Here, we discuss the possibility that changes in thermal comfort in mice could be a useful and physiologically relevant measure of energy trade-offs required under various physiological or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Jee Eun Choi
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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35
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Guo Y, Zhang Q, Zheng L, Shou J, Zhuang S, Xiao W, Chen P. Depot-specific adaption of adipose tissue for different exercise approaches in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1189528. [PMID: 37485056 PMCID: PMC10358987 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1189528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue pathology plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding the impact of exercise training on adipose tissue adaptation is of paramount importance in enhancing metabolic health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of various exercise modalities on three distinct adipose tissue depots, namely, interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), in a murine model of diabetes. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice received a 12-week high-fat diet and a single injection of streptozotocin, followed by an 8-week exercise intervention. The exercise intervention included swimming, resistance training, aerobic exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Results: We found that exercise training reduced body weight and body fat percentage, diminished adipocyte size and increased the expression of mitochondria-related genes (PGC1, COX4, and COX8B) in three adipose tissue depots. The effects of exercise on inflammatory status include a reduction in crown-like structures and the expression of inflammatory factors, mainly in eWAT. Besides, exercise only induces the browning of sWAT, which may be related to the expression of the sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase. Among the four forms of exercise, HIIT was the most effective in reducing body fat percentage, increasing muscle mass and reducing eWAT adipocyte size. The expression of oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis-related genes in sWAT and eWAT was highest in the HIIT group. Conclusion: When targeting adipose tissue to improve diabetes, HIIT may offer superior benefits and thus represents a more advantageous choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Guo
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zheng
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shou
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhao Zhuang
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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36
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Neri D, Ramos-Lobo AM, Lee S, Lafond A, Zeltser LM. Rearing mice at 22°C programs increased capacity to respond to chronic exposure to cold but not high fat diet. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101740. [PMID: 37211277 PMCID: PMC10248272 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rodent models raised at environmental temperatures of 21-22 °C are increasingly switched to thermoneutral housing conditions in adulthood to better capture human physiology. We quantified the developmental effects of rearing mice at an ambient temperature of 22 °C vs. 30 °C on metabolic responses to cold and high fat diet (HFD) in adulthood. METHODS Mice were reared from birth to 8 weeks of age at 22 °C or 30 °C, when they were acclimated to single housing at the same temperature for 2-3 weeks in indirect calorimetry cages. Energy expenditure attributable to basal metabolic rate, physical activity, thermic effect of food, and adaptive cold- or diet-induced thermogenesis was calculated. Responses to cooling were evaluated by decreasing the ambient temperature from 22 °C to 14 °C, while responses to HFD feeding were assessed at 30 °C. Influences of rearing temperature on thermogenic responses that emerge over hours, days and weeks were assessed by maintaining mice in the indirect calorimetry cages throughout the study. RESULTS At an ambient temperature of 22 °C, total energy expenditure (TEE) was 12-16% higher in mice reared at 22 °C as compared to 30 °C. Rearing temperature had no effect on responses in the first hours or week of the 14 °C challenge. Differences emerged in the third week, when TEE increased an additional 10% in mice reared at 22 °C, but mice reared at 30 °C could not sustain this level of cold-induced thermogenesis. Rearing temperature only affected responses to HFD during the first week, due to differences in the timing but not the strength of metabolic adaptations. CONCLUSION Rearing at 22 °C does not have a lasting effect on metabolic adaptations to HFD at thermoneutrality, but it programs an enhanced capacity to respond to chronic cold challenges in adulthood. These findings highlight the need to consider rearing temperature when using mice to model cold-induced thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Neri
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Angela M Ramos-Lobo
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Seoeun Lee
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexandre Lafond
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lori M Zeltser
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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37
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Bienboire-Frosini C, Wang D, Marcet-Rius M, Villanueva-García D, Gazzano A, Domínguez-Oliva A, Olmos-Hernández A, Hernández-Ávalos I, Lezama-García K, Verduzco-Mendoza A, Gómez-Prado J, Mota-Rojas D. The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue and Energy Metabolism in Mammalian Thermoregulation during the Perinatal Period. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2173. [PMID: 37443971 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is one of the most common causes of mortality in neonates, and it could be developed after birth because the uterus temperature is more elevated than the extrauterine temperature. Neonates use diverse mechanisms to thermoregulate, such as shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. These strategies can be more efficient in some species, but not in others, i.e., altricials, which have the greatest difficulty with achieving thermoneutrality. In addition, there are anatomical and neurological differences in mammals, which may present different distributions and amounts of brown fat. This article aims to discuss the neuromodulation mechanisms of thermoregulation and the importance of brown fat in the thermogenesis of newborn mammals, emphasizing the analysis of the biochemical, physiological, and genetic factors that determine the distribution, amount, and efficiency of this energy resource in newborns of different species. It has been concluded that is vital to understand and minimize hypothermia causes in newborns, which is one of the main causes of mortality in neonates. This would be beneficial for both animals and producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemical Communication, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Míriam Marcet-Rius
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Department, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Dina Villanueva-García
- Division of Neonatology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Angelo Gazzano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriana Domínguez-Oliva
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Ismael Hernández-Ávalos
- Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Karina Lezama-García
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza
- Division of Biotechnology-Bioterio and Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Gómez-Prado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco Campus, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
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38
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Amin A, Badenes M, Tüshaus J, de Carvalho É, Burbridge E, Faísca P, Trávníčková K, Barros A, Carobbio S, Domingos PM, Vidal-Puig A, Moita LF, Maguire S, Stříšovský K, Ortega FJ, Fernández-Real JM, Lichtenthaler SF, Adrain C. Semaphorin 4B is an ADAM17-cleaved adipokine that inhibits adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101731. [PMID: 37121509 PMCID: PMC10197113 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metalloprotease ADAM17 (also called TACE) plays fundamental roles in homeostasis by shedding key signaling molecules from the cell surface. Although its importance for the immune system and epithelial tissues is well-documented, little is known about the role of ADAM17 in metabolic homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ADAM17 expression, specifically in adipose tissues, on metabolic homeostasis. METHODS We used histopathology, molecular, proteomic, transcriptomic, in vivo integrative physiological and ex vivo biochemical approaches to determine the impact of adipose tissue-specific deletion of ADAM17 upon adipocyte and whole organism metabolic physiology. RESULTS ADAM17adipoq-creΔ/Δ mice exhibited a hypermetabolic phenotype characterized by elevated energy consumption and increased levels of adipocyte thermogenic gene expression. On a high fat diet, these mice were more thermogenic, while exhibiting elevated expression levels of genes associated with lipid oxidation and lipolysis. This hypermetabolic phenotype protected mutant mice from obesogenic challenge, limiting weight gain, hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. Activation of beta-adrenoceptors by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, a key regulator of adipocyte physiology, triggered the shedding of ADAM17 substrates, and regulated ADAM17 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, hence identifying a functional connection between thermogenic licensing and the regulation of ADAM17. Proteomic studies identified Semaphorin 4B (SEMA4B), as a novel ADAM17-shed adipokine, whose expression is regulated by physiological thermogenic cues, that acts to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and dampen thermogenic responses in adipocytes. Transcriptomic data showed that cleaved SEMA4B acts in an autocrine manner in brown adipocytes to repress the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and lipid uptake, storage and catabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify a novel ADAM17-dependent axis, regulated by beta-adrenoceptors and mediated by the ADAM17-cleaved form of SEMA4B, that modulates energy balance in adipocytes by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, thermogenesis and lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbasit Amin
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Marina Badenes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University, Lisbon, Portugal; Faculty of Veterinary Nursing, Polytechnic Institute of Lusofonia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Érika de Carvalho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-Nova), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Emma Burbridge
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Květa Trávníčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - André Barros
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Centro de Investigacíon Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro M Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-Nova), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Centro de Investigacíon Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Luís F Moita
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland
| | - Kvido Stříšovský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco J Ortega
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Institute of Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), and Institute of Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Colin Adrain
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland.
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39
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Park TJ, Reznick J. Extreme Physiology Extreme Tolerance to Hypoxia, Hypercapnia, and Pain in the Naked Mole-Rat. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:61-72. [PMID: 35854159 PMCID: PMC10329625 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Challenging environmental conditions can drive the evolution of extreme physiological traits. The naked mole-rat has evolved to survive and thrive in a low oxygen, high carbon dioxide environment that would be deadly to humans and most other mammals. The naked mole-rat's lifestyle is unusual in that this species combines subterranean living and living in large, social groups of up to 300 + individuals. Many respiring animals in a closed environment can lead to depletion of oxygen (hypoxia) and accumulation of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia). Naked mole-rats display a variety of physiological traits that negate the adverse effects of living in this atmosphere. For hypoxia tolerance, naked mole-rats have a low resting metabolism, high affinity hemoglobin, intrinsic brain tolerance, the ability to use fructose for anaerobic glycolysis, and the ability to enter a low energy, suspended animation-like state. For hypercapnia tolerance, these animals have a mutation in a voltage gated sodium channel that effectively eliminates neuronal responses to tissue acidosis. In other mammals, acidosis from exposure to high concentrations of carbon dioxide induces pain and pulmonary edema. Understanding these mechanisms of extreme physiology is not only inherently interesting, but it may lead to biomedical breakthroughs in research on heart attacks, strokes, and pain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Jane Reznick
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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40
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Bandyopadhayaya S, Yadav P, Sharma A, Dey SK, Nag A, Maheshwari R, Ford BM, Mandal CC. Oncogenic role of an uncharacterized cold-induced zinc finger protein 726 in breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 37192271 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The unobtrusive cold environmental temperature can be linked to the development of cancer. This study, for the first time, envisaged cold stress-mediated induction of a zinc finger protein 726 (ZNF726) in breast cancer. However, the role of ZNF726 in tumorigenesis has not been defined. This study investigated the putative role of ZNF726 in breast cancer tumorigenic potency. Gene expression analysis using multifactorial cancer databases predicted overexpression of ZNF726 in various cancers, including breast cancer. Experimental observations found that malignant breast tissues and highly aggressive MDA-MB-231 cells showed an elevated ZNF726 expression as compared to benign and luminal A type (MCF-7), respectively. Furthermore, ZNF726 silencing decreased breast cancer cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and invasion accompanied by the inhibition of colony-forming ability. Concordantly, ZNF726 overexpression significantly demonstrated opposite outcomes than ZNF726 knockdown. Taken together, our findings propose cold-inducible ZNF726 as a functional oncogene demonstrating its prominent role in facilitating breast tumorigenesis. An inverse correlation between environmental temperature and total serum cholesterol was observed in the previous study. Furthermore, experimental outcomes illustrate that cold stress elevated cholesterol content hinting at the involvement of the cholesterol regulatory pathway in cold-induced ZNF726 gene regulation. This observation was bolstered by a positive correlation between the expression of cholesterol-regulatory genes and ZNF726. Exogenous cholesterol treatment elevated ZNF726 transcript levels while knockdown of ZNF726 decreased the cholesterol content via downregulating various cholesterol regulatory gene expressions (e.g., SREBF1/2, HMGCoR, LDLR). Moreover, an underlying mechanism supporting cold-driven tumorigenesis is proposed through interdependent regulation of cholesterol regulatory pathway and cold-inducible ZNF726 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreetama Bandyopadhayaya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Rekha Maheshwari
- Department of General Surgery, JLN Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bridget M Ford
- Department of Biology, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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41
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Tsakiridis EE, Morrow MR, Desjardins EM, Wang D, Llanos A, Wang B, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway AC, Steinberg GR. Effects of the pesticide deltamethrin on high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113763. [PMID: 37030334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, rates of metabolic diseases are rapidly increasing and environmental exposure to pesticides, pollutants and/or other chemicals may play a role. Reductions in Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, mediated in part by uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), are associated with metabolic diseases. In the current study, we investigated whether the pesticide deltamethrin (0.01-1 mg/kg bw/day) incorporated into a high-fat diet and fed to mice housed at either room temperature (21 °C) or thermoneutrality (29 °C) would suppress BAT activity and accelerate the development of metabolic disease. Importantly, thermoneutrality allows for more accurate modeling of human metabolic disease. We found that, 0.01mg/kg bw/day of deltamethrin induced weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and increased energy expenditure, effects that were associated with increases in physical activity. In contrast, exposure to 0.1 and 1 mg/kg bw/day deltamethrin had no effect on any of the parameters examined. Deltamethrin treatment in mice did not alter molecular markers of BAT thermogenesis, despite observing suppression of UCP1 expression in cultured brown adipocytes. These data indicate that while deltamethrin inhibits UCP1 expression in vitro, 16wks exposure does not alter BAT thermogenesis markers nor exacerbates the development of obesity and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marisa R Morrow
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Llanos
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Lund J, Breum AW, Gil C, Falk S, Sass F, Isidor MS, Dmytriyeva O, Ranea-Robles P, Mathiesen CV, Basse AL, Johansen OS, Fadahunsi N, Lund C, Nicolaisen TS, Klein AB, Ma T, Emanuelli B, Kleinert M, Sørensen CM, Gerhart-Hines Z, Clemmensen C. The anorectic and thermogenic effects of pharmacological lactate in male mice are confounded by treatment osmolarity and co-administered counterions. Nat Metab 2023; 5:677-698. [PMID: 37055619 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Lactate is a circulating metabolite and a signalling molecule with pleiotropic physiological effects. Studies suggest that lactate modulates energy balance by lowering food intake, inducing adipose browning and increasing whole-body thermogenesis. Yet, like many other metabolites, lactate is often commercially produced as a counterion-bound salt and typically administered in vivo through hypertonic aqueous solutions of sodium L-lactate. Most studies have not controlled for injection osmolarity and the co-injected sodium ions. Here, we show that the anorectic and thermogenic effects of exogenous sodium L-lactate in male mice are confounded by the hypertonicity of the injected solutions. Our data reveal that this is in contrast to the antiobesity effect of orally administered disodium succinate, which is uncoupled from these confounders. Further, our studies with other counterions indicate that counterions can have confounding effects beyond lactate pharmacology. Together, these findings underscore the importance of controlling for osmotic load and counterions in metabolite research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alberte Wollesen Breum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cláudia Gil
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Falk
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederike Sass
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie Sophie Isidor
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Vad Mathiesen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid Linde Basse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olivia Sveidahl Johansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicole Fadahunsi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Sand Nicolaisen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bue Klein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Muscle Physiology and Metabolism Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Charlotte Mehlin Sørensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lal NK, Le P, Aggarwal S, Zhang A, Wang K, Qi T, Pang Z, Yang D, Nudell V, Yeo GW, Banks AS, Ye L. Xiphoid nucleus of the midline thalamus controls cold-induced food seeking. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.533067. [PMID: 36993706 PMCID: PMC10055253 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.533067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining body temperature is calorically expensive for endothermic animals. Mammals eat more in the cold to compensate for energy expenditure, but the neural mechanism underlying this coupling is not well understood. Through behavioral and metabolic analyses, we found that mice dynamically switch between energy conservation and food-seeking states in the cold, the latter of which is primarily driven by energy expenditure rather than the sensation of cold. To identify the neural mechanisms underlying cold-induced food seeking, we use whole-brain cFos mapping and found that the xiphoid (Xi), a small nucleus in the midline thalamus, was selectively activated by prolonged cold associated with elevated energy expenditure but not with acute cold exposure. In vivo calcium imaging showed that Xi activity correlates with food-seeking episodes in cold conditions. Using activity-dependent viral strategies, we found that optogenetic and chemogenetic stimulation of cold-activated Xi neurons recapitulated cold-induced feeding, whereas their inhibition suppressed it. Mechanistically, Xi encodes a context-dependent valence switch promoting food-seeking behaviors in cold but not warm conditions. Furthermore, these behaviors are mediated by a Xi to nucleus accumbens projection. Our results establish Xi as a key region for controlling cold-induced feeding, an important mechanism for maintaining energy homeostasis in endothermic animals.
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Ginting RP, Lee JM, Lee MW. The Influence of Ambient Temperature on Adipose Tissue Homeostasis, Metabolic Diseases and Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060881. [PMID: 36980222 PMCID: PMC10047443 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a recognized energy storage organ during excessive energy intake and an endocrine and thermoregulator, which interacts with other tissues to regulate systemic metabolism. Adipose tissue dysfunction is observed in most obese mouse models and humans. However, most studies using mouse models were conducted at room temperature (RT), where mice were chronically exposed to mild cold. In this condition, energy use is prioritized for thermogenesis to maintain body temperature in mice. It also leads to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, followed by the activation of β-adrenergic signaling. As humans live primarily in their thermoneutral (TN) zone, RT housing for mice limits the interpretation of disease studies from mouse models to humans. Therefore, housing mice in their TN zone (~28–30 °C) can be considered to mimic humans physiologically. However, factors such as temperature ranges and TN pre-acclimatization periods should be examined to obtain reliable results. In this review, we discuss how adipose tissue responds to housing temperature and the outcomes of the TN zone in metabolic disease studies. This review highlights the critical role of TN housing in mouse models for studying adipose tissue function and human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehna Paula Ginting
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-413-5029
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Sabaté-Pérez A, Romero M, Sànchez-Fernàndez-de-Landa P, Carobbio S, Mouratidis M, Sala D, Engel P, Martínez-Cristóbal P, Villena JA, Virtue S, Vidal-Puig A, Palacín M, Testar X, Zorzano A. Autophagy-mediated NCOR1 degradation is required for brown fat maturation and thermogenesis. Autophagy 2023; 19:904-925. [PMID: 35947488 PMCID: PMC9980505 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2111081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis affects energy balance, and thereby it has the potential to induce weight loss and to prevent obesity. Here, we document a macroautophagic/autophagic-dependent mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) activity regulation that induces brown adipose differentiation and thermogenesis and that is mediated by TP53INP2. Disruption of TP53INP2-dependent autophagy reduced brown adipogenesis in cultured cells. In vivo specific-tp53inp2 ablation in brown precursor cells or in adult mice decreased the expression of thermogenic and mature adipocyte genes in BAT. As a result, TP53INP2-deficient mice had reduced UCP1 content in BAT and impaired maximal thermogenic capacity, leading to lipid accumulation and to positive energy balance. Mechanistically, TP53INP2 stimulates PPARG activity and adipogenesis in brown adipose cells by promoting the autophagic degradation of NCOR1, a PPARG co-repressor. Moreover, the modulation of TP53INP2 expression in BAT and in human brown adipocytes suggests that this protein increases PPARG activity during metabolic activation of brown fat. In all, we have identified a novel molecular explanation for the contribution of autophagy to BAT energy metabolism that could facilitate the design of therapeutic strategies against obesity and its metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sabaté-Pérez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Montserrat Romero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Paula Sànchez-Fernàndez-de-Landa
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Bases Moleculares de Patologías Humanas, Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michail Mouratidis
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sala
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Martínez-Cristóbal
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sam Virtue
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Testar
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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46
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Liao S, Tan S, Jiang M, Wen J, Liu J, Cao J, Li M, Zhao Z. Temperature determines the shift of thermal neutral zone and influences thermogenic capacity in striped hamsters. Integr Zool 2023; 18:353-371. [PMID: 36056589 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermoneutral zone (TNZ) reflects the adaptation of mammals to their natural habitat. However, it remains unclear how TNZ shifts in response to variations in ambient temperature. To test the hypothesis that ambient temperature plays a key role in determining TNZ variations between seasons, we measured metabolic rate, body temperature, and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity of several visceral organs in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) either acclimated to semi-natural conditions over a year, or subjected to a gradual decrease in mean temperature from 30 ± 1°C to -15 ± 1°C. The TNZ range in striped hamsters differed seasonally, with a wider TNZ and a lower lower-critical temperature in winter compared to summer. The hamsters showed a considerable leftward shift of lower-critical temperature from 30°C to 20°C after the ambient temperature of acclimation from 30°C down to -15°C, whereas the upper-critical temperature of TNZ remained fixed at 32.5°C. The resting metabolic rate in thermoneutral zone (RMRt), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), and COX activity of brown adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidneys, increased significantly in hamsters acclimated at lower ambient temperatures. Following acute exposure to 5°C and -15°C, hamsters acclimated to 32.5°C had significantly lower maximal NST and lower serum thyroid tri-iodothyronine (T3 ) levels compared to those kept at 23°C. These findings suggest that acclimation to the upper-critical temperature of TNZ impairs the hamsters' thermogenic capacity to cope with extreme cold temperature. Reduced ambient temperature was mainly responsible for the leftward shift of TNZ in striped hamsters, which reflects the adaptation to cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Song Tan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Meizhi Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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47
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Ssu72 phosphatase is essential for thermogenic adaptation by regulating cytosolic translation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1097. [PMID: 36841836 PMCID: PMC9968297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a pivotal role in maintaining body temperature and energy homeostasis. BAT dysfunction is associated with impaired metabolic health. Here, we show that Ssu72 phosphatase is essential for mRNA translation of genes required for thermogenesis in BAT. Ssu72 is found to be highly expressed in BAT among adipose tissue depots, and the expression level of Ssu72 is increased upon acute cold exposure. Mice lacking adipocyte Ssu72 exhibit cold intolerance during acute cold exposure. Mechanistically, Ssu72 deficiency alters cytosolic mRNA translation program through hyperphosphorylation of eIF2α and reduces translation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and defective thermogenesis in BAT. In addition, metabolic dysfunction in Ssu72-deficient BAT returns to almost normal after restoring Ssu72 expression. In summary, our findings demonstrate that cold-responsive Ssu72 phosphatase is involved in cytosolic translation of key thermogenic effectors via dephosphorylation of eIF2α in brown adipocytes, providing insights into metabolic benefits of Ssu72.
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48
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Seguin I, Medak KD, Shamshoum H, Hahn MK, Wright DC. Thermoneutral housing and preexisting obesity do not abolish the sexually dimorphic effects of olanzapine on weight gain in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:454-465. [PMID: 36617436 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In contrast to what is seen clinically, male mice are resistant to antipsychotic-induced obesity. This is problematic as preclinical studies examining mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced metabolic dysfunction might be relevant to only half the population. This study sought to determine whether housing mice at thermoneutrality and under conditions of preexisting obesity, steps that have not been previously considered, would uncover a greater obesogenic effect of the antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ). METHODS C57BL6/J mice were fed a low- or high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and then switched to a control HFD or an HFD supplemented with OLZ for 6 weeks. RESULTS Irrespective of obesity, OLZ treatment attenuated weight gain and increased energy expenditure in male mice. In females, OLZ increased food intake and potentiated weight gain in mice with preexisting obesity. CONCLUSIONS Despite taking steps to increase clinical translatability, this study did not unmask an obesogenic effect of OLZ in male mice. Interestingly, prior studies in female mice could have been underestimating the metabolic consequences of OLZ by not considering the importance of preexisting obesity. Uncovering the mechanisms conferring resistance to weight gain in males may provide clues for approaches to counter the metabolic side effects of antipsychotics clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Seguin
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle D Medak
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hesham Shamshoum
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret K Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Food and Land Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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49
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Mukai T, Kusudo T. Bidirectional effect of vitamin D on brown adipogenesis of C3H10T1/2 fibroblast-like cells. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14785. [PMID: 36815991 PMCID: PMC9934812 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates caloric energy as heat and plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, augmentation and activation of BAT are the focus of new treatment strategies against obesity, a primary risk factor of metabolic syndrome. The vitamin D system plays a crucial role in mineral homeostasis, bone metabolism, and cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on brown adipocyte differentiation. Methods The mouse fibroblast-like cell line C3H10T1/2 was differentiated into brown adipocytes in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on brown adipocyte differentiation was assessed by measuring lipid accumulation, the expression of related genes, and cytotoxicity. The viability of C3H10T1/2 cells was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Gene expression was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was estimated using western blotting. Results 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited adipocyte differentiation and exerted a cytotoxic effect at 1 nM. However, in the physiological concentration range (50-250 pM), 1,25(OH)2D3 promoted uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in C3H10T1/2 cells. This effect was not observed when 1,25(OH)2D3 was added 48 h after the initiation of differentiation, suggesting that the vitamin D system acts in the early phase of the differentiation program. We showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the expression of two key regulators of brown adipogenesis, PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc1α ). Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3 increased Ucp1 expression in 3T3-L1 beige adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion These data indicate the potential of vitamin D and its analogs as therapeutics for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Mukai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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50
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Meng JJ, Shen JW, Li G, Ouyang CJ, Hu JX, Li ZS, Zhao H, Shi YM, Zhang M, Liu R, Chen JT, Ma YQ, Zhao H, Xue T. Light modulates glucose metabolism by a retina-hypothalamus-brown adipose tissue axis. Cell 2023; 186:398-412.e17. [PMID: 36669474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Public health studies indicate that artificial light is a high-risk factor for metabolic disorders. However, the neural mechanism underlying metabolic modulation by light remains elusive. Here, we found that light can acutely decrease glucose tolerance (GT) in mice by activation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) innervating the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON). Vasopressin neurons in the SON project to the paraventricular nucleus, then to the GABAergic neurons in the solitary tract nucleus, and eventually to brown adipose tissue (BAT). Light activation of this neural circuit directly blocks adaptive thermogenesis in BAT, thereby decreasing GT. In humans, light also modulates GT at the temperature where BAT is active. Thus, our work unveils a retina-SON-BAT axis that mediates the effect of light on glucose metabolism, which may explain the connection between artificial light and metabolic dysregulation, suggesting a potential prevention and treatment strategy for managing glucose metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Meng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-Jie Ouyang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia-Xi Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Shuo Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Ming Shi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ju-Tao Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Qian Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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