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Lin H, Su M, Wen C, Tang Y, Li H, Wu Y, Ge RS, Li XW, Lin H. Chalcones from plants cause toxicity by inhibiting human and rat 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2: 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and in silico docking analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114415. [PMID: 38141941 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones from licorice and its related plants have many pharmacological effects. However, the effects of chalcones on the activity of human and rat 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2), and associated side effects remain unclear. The inhibition of 11 chalcones on human and rat 11β-HSD2 were evaluated in microsomes and a 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) was analyzed. Screening revealed that bavachalcone, echinatin, isobavachalcone, isobavachromene, isoliquiritigenin, licochalcone A, and licochalcone B significantly inhibited human 11β-HSD2 with IC50 values ranging from 15.62 (licochalcone A) to 38.33 (echinatin) μM. Screening showed that the above chemicals and 4-hydroxychalcone significantly inhibited rat 11β-HSD2 with IC50 values ranging from 6.82 (isobavachalcone) to 72.26 (4-hydroxychalcone) μM. These chalcones acted as noncompetitive/mixed inhibitors for both enzymes. Comparative analysis revealed that inhibition of 11β-HSD2 depended on the species. Most chemicals bind to the NAD+ binding site or both the NAD+ and substrate binding sites. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that lipophilicity and molecular weight determine inhibitory strength. Through our 3D-QSAR models, we identified that the hydrophobic region, hydrophobic aliphatic groups, and hydrogen bond acceptors are pivotal factors in inhibiting 11β-HSD2. In conclusion, many chalcones inhibit human and rat 11β-HSD2, possibly causing side effects and there is structure-dependent and species-dependent inhibition on 11β-HSD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, China
| | - Chao Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, China
| | - Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, China
| | - Yandan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Xing-Wang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, China.
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, China.
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Marinello WP, Patisaul HB. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and placental function: Impact on fetal brain development. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:347-400. [PMID: 34452690 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time of vulnerability for the development of the fetal brain. Exposure to environmental pollutants at any point in pregnancy can negatively impact many aspects of fetal development, especially the organization and differentiation of the brain. The placenta performs a variety of functions that can help protect the fetus and sustain brain development. However, disruption of any of these functions can have negative impacts on both the pregnancy outcome and fetal neurodevelopment. This review presents current understanding of how environmental exposures, specifically to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), interfere with placental function and, in turn, neurodevelopment. Some of the key differences in placental development between animal models are presented, as well as how placental functions such as serving as a xenobiotic barrier and exchange organ, immune interface, regulator of growth and fetal oxygenation, and a neuroendocrine organ, could be vulnerable to environmental exposure. This review illustrates the importance of the placenta as a modulator of fetal brain development and suggests critical unexplored areas and possible vulnerabilities to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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3
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Silva JF, Moreira BP, Rato L, de Lourdes Pereira M, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Is Technical-Grade Chlordane an Obesogen? Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:548-568. [PMID: 31965937 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200121122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has tripled in recent decades and is now considered an alarming public health problem. In recent years, a group of endocrine disruptors, known as obesogens, have been directly linked to the obesity epidemic. Its etiology is generally associated with a sedentary lifestyle, a high-fat diet and genetic predisposition, but environmental factors, such as obesogens, have also been reported as contributors for this pathology. In brief, obesogens are exogenous chemical compounds that alter metabolic processes and/or energy balance and appetite, thus predisposing to weight gain. Although this theory is still recent, the number of compounds with suspected obesogenic activity has steadily increased over the years, though many of them remain a matter of debate. Technical-grade chlordane is an organochlorine pesticide widely present in the environment, albeit at low concentrations. Highly lipophilic compounds can be metabolized by humans and animals into more toxic and stable compounds that are stored in fat tissue and consequently pose a danger to the human body, including the physiology of adipose tissue, which plays an important role in weight regulation. In addition, technical-grade chlordane is classified as a persistent organic pollutant, a group of chemicals whose epidemiological studies are associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity. Herein, we discuss the emerging roles of obesogens as threats to public health. We particularly discuss the relevance of chlordane persistence in the environment and how its effects on human and animal health provide evidence for its role as an endocrine disruptor with possible obesogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Silva
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, P.O. Box 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno P Moreira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, P.O. Box 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Rato
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences & CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, P.O. Box 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, P.O. Box 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Graceli JB, Dettogni RS, Merlo E, Niño O, da Costa CS, Zanol JF, Ríos Morris EA, Miranda-Alves L, Denicol AC. The impact of endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure in the mammalian hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110997. [PMID: 32841708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HP axis) plays a critical and integrative role in the endocrine system control to maintain homeostasis. The HP axis is responsible for the hormonal events necessary to regulate the thyroid, adrenal glands, gonads, somatic growth, among other functions. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a worldwide public health concern. There is growing evidence that exposure to EDCs such as bisphenol A (BPA), some phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and biphenyls (PBBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), tributyltin (TBT), and atrazine (ATR), is associated with HP axis abnormalities. EDCs act on hormone receptors and their downstream signaling pathways and can interfere with hormone synthesis, metabolism, and actions. Because the HP axis function is particularly sensitive to endogenous hormonal changes, disruptions by EDCs can alter HP axis proper function, leading to important endocrine irregularities. Here, we review the evidence that EDCs could directly affect the mammalian HP axis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Raquel S Dettogni
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Oscar Niño
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Charles S da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jordana F Zanol
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo A Ríos Morris
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology-LEEx, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology-LEEx, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Anna C Denicol
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Seo E, Seong MR, Lee JW, Lim H, Park J, Kim H, Hwang H, Lee D, Kim J, Kim GH, Hwang DS, Lee SJ. Anti-Biofouling Features of Eco-Friendly Oleamide-PDMS Copolymers. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11515-11521. [PMID: 32478240 PMCID: PMC7254802 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biofouling of marine organisms on a surface induces serious economic damage. One of the conventional anti-biofouling strategies is the use of toxic chemicals. In this study, a new eco-friendly oleamide-PDMS copolymer (OPC) is proposed for sustainable anti-biofouling and effective drag reduction. The anti-biofouling characteristics of the OPC are investigated using algal spores and mussels. The proposed OPC is found to inhibit the adhesion of algal spores and mussels. The slippery features of the fabricated OPC surfaces are examined by direct measurement of pressure drops in channel flows. The proposed OPC surface would be utilized in various industrial applications including marine vehicles and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunseok Seo
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Myeong Ryun Seong
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Ji Woong Lee
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Kongju National
University, Gongju 314-701, South Korea
| | - Heejin Lim
- Department
of New Biology, DGIST (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute
of Science and Technology), Daegu 711-873, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department
of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Hyungbin Kim
- Division
of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Hyundo Hwang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Dohoon Lee
- Division
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jiho Kim
- Pohang
Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Gwang Hoon Kim
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Kongju National
University, Gongju 314-701, South Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
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6
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Tributyltin and triphenyltin induce 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 expression and activity through activation of retinoid X receptor α. Toxicol Lett 2020; 322:39-49. [PMID: 31927052 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the environmental pollutants organotins is of toxicological concern for the marine ecosystem and sensitive human populations, including pregnant women and their unborn children. Using a placenta cell model, we investigated whether organotins at nanomolar concentrations affect the expression and activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2). 11β-HSD2 represents a placental barrier controlling access of maternal glucocorticoids to the fetus. The organotins tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) induced 11β-HSD2 expression and activity in JEG-3 placenta cells, an effect confirmed at the mRNA level in primary human trophoblast cells. Inhibition/knock-down of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) in JEG-3 cells reduced the effect of organotins on 11β-HSD2 activity, mRNA and protein levels, revealing involvement of RXRα. Experiments using RNA and protein synthesis inhibitors indicated that the effect of organotins on 11β-HSD2 expression was direct and caused by increased transcription. Induction of placental 11β-HSD2 activity by TBT, TPT and other endocrine disrupting chemicals acting as RXRα agonists may affect placental barrier function by altering the expression of glucocorticoid-dependent genes and resulting in decreased availability of active glucocorticoids for the fetus, disturbing development and increasing the risk for metabolic and cardiovascular complications in later life.
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Liu W, Schlenk D, Liu J. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors and corticosteroid homeostasis are potential targets for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105133. [PMID: 31520960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have received significant concern, since they ubiquitously exist in the environment and are able to induce adverse health effects on human and wildlife. Increasing evidence shows that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), members of the steroid receptor subfamily, are potential targets for EDCs. GR and MR mediate the actions of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, respectively, which are two main classes of corticosteroids involved in many physiological processes. The effects of EDCs on the homeostasis of these two classes of corticosteroids have also gained more attention recently. This review summarized the effects of environmental GR/MR ligands on receptor activity, and disruption of corticosteroid homeostasis. More than 130 chemicals classified into 7 main categories were reviewed, including metals, metalloids, pesticides, bisphenol analogues, flame retardants, other industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The mechanisms by which EDCs interfere with GR/MR activity are primarily involved in ligand-receptor binding, nuclear translocation of the receptor complex, DNA-receptor binding, and changes in the expression of endogenous GR/MR genes. Besides directly interfering with receptors, enzyme-catalyzed synthesis and prereceptor regulation pathways of corticosteroids are also important targets for EDCs. The collected evidence suggests that corticosteroids and their receptors should be considered as potential targets for safety assessment of EDCs. The recognition of relevant xenobiotics and their underlying mechanisms of action is still a challenge in this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Institute of Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wolf BJ, Kamen DL, Fair P, Hardiman G. META-ANALYSIS OF DOLPHIN AND HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS REVEALS INFLAMMATORY SIGNATURES ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO HIGH LEVELS OF PERFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 7:66-72. [PMID: 34222538 PMCID: PMC8248928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently a fundamental gap exists on how persistent organic pollutants affect humans especially those who consume high levels of seafood from contaminated coastal waters. There is an urgent need to better understand effects of these contaminants on human health in coastal communities. Elevated contaminant levels in coastal seafood will give rise to increased contaminant burdens in humans who consume coastal seafood and given the toxicity of these contaminants increase risk for immune system disorders. In this paper we describe how we assessed the effects of contaminant exposures using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from two species, dolphins and humans. This paper presents an integrated systems biology approach to understand the adverse effects of one of these CECs PFAS on both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC
| | | | - Patricia Fair
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine, MUSC. USA, School of Biological Sciences & Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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9
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Tinkov AA, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV, Aschner M, Suliburska J, Aaseth J. Organotins in obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 191:49-59. [PMID: 30458368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to review the mechanisms of organotin-induced adipogenesis, obesity, and associated metabolic disturbances. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) activation is considered as the key mechanism of organotin-induced adipogenesis. Particularly, organotin exposure results in increased adipogenesis both in cell and animal models. Moreover, transgenerational inheritance of organotin-induced obese phenotype was demonstrated in vivo. At the same time, the existing data demonstrate that organotin compounds (OTCs) induces aberrant expression of PPARγ-targeted genes, resulting in altered of adipokine, glucose transporter, proinflammatory cytokines levels, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The latter is generally characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Other mechanisms involved in organotin-induced obesity may include estrogen receptor and corticosteroid signaling, altered DNA methylation, and gut dysfunction. In addition to cellular effects, organotin exposure may also affect neural circuits of appetite regulation, being characterized by neuropeptide Y (NPY) up-regulation in parallel with of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), Agouti-related protein (AgRP), and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) down-regulation in the arcuate nucleus. These changes result in increased orexigenic and reduced anorexigenic signaling, leading to increased food intake. The existing data demonstrate that organotins are potent adipogenic agents, however, no epidemiologic studies have been performed to reveal the association between organotin exposure and obesity and the existing indirect human data are contradictory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | | | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Trace Element Institute for UNESCO, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kongsvinger, Norway; Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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10
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Renaud L, da Silveira WA, Glen WB, Hazard ES, Hardiman G. Interplay Between MicroRNAs and Targeted Genes in Cellular Homeostasis of Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Curr Genomics 2018; 19:615-629. [PMID: 30386173 PMCID: PMC6194436 DOI: 10.2174/1389202919666180503124522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular homeostasis is regulated by the intricate interplay between a plethora of signaling pathways and "energetic sensors" in organs. In order to maintain energy balance, induction or repression of metabolic pathways must be regulated and act in concert with the energetic demands of the cell at a given point in time. A new class of small noncoding RNAs, the microRNAs (miRNAs), has added yet further complexity to the control of metabolic homeostasis. OBJECTIVE Understanding the damages induced by toxins in the liver and the intestine as well as the interplay between the miRNome and transcriptome first requires baseline characterization in these tissues in healthy animals under cellular homeostasis. METHODS The liver (main site for detoxification) and the gut (primary exposure routes for contaminant exposure) were dissected out (wildtype fish), total and small RNA extracted, mRNA and miRNA libraries constructed and subjected to high throughput sequencing. Differential Expression (DE) analysis was performed comparing liver with gut and an "miRNA matrix" that integrates the miRNA-seq and mRNA-seq data was constructed. RESULTS Both the miRNome and transcriptome of the liver and gut tissues were characterized and putative novel miRNAs were identified. Exploration of the "miRNA matrix" regulatory network revealed that miRNAs uniquely expressed in the liver or gut tissue regulated fundamental cellular processes important for both organs, and that commonly expressed miRNAs in both tissues regulated biological processes that were specific to either the liver or the gut. CONCLUSION The result of our analyses revealed new insights into microRNA function in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - and
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC29425, USA; Hollings Marine Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC29425, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine Bioinformatics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC29425, USA; Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC29425, USA; Academic Affairs Faculty, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC29425, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA92093, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC29425, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Tel/Fax: ++0-843-792-0771; E-mail:
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11
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Ni L, Pan Y, Tang C, Xiong W, Wu X, Zou C. Antenatal exposure to betamethasone induces placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression and the adult metabolic disorders in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203802. [PMID: 30212527 PMCID: PMC6136781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenatal overexposure to glucocorticoids causes fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and adult metabolic disorders. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) 1 and 2 are key enzymes for glucocorticoid metabolism, however, the detailed effects of antenatal overexposure to glucocorticoids on placental 11β-HSD1 and 2 expression and adult metabolic disorders remain obscure. Here, we report that, in placenta 11β-HSD1 is diffusely localized, whereas 11β-HSD2 is specifically expressed in labyrinthine layer. Exposure of pregnant dams to betamethasone significantly increases the expression of placental 11β-HSD2 but not 11β-HSD1, and decreases the weights of fetuses but not placentas. Antenatal exposure to betamethasone leads to either significant weight loss in the offspring younger than 10-week-old, or weight gain in those older than 14-week-old. Furthermore, antenatal exposure to betamethasone results in coexistence of various metabolic disorders in adult offspring, including hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, low insulin secretory capacity and hyperlipidemia. The present study demonstrates that exposure of pregnant dams to betamethasone induces the expression of placental 11β-HSD2 but not 11β-HSD1, leads to fetal IUGR and causes adult metabolic disorders, providing evidence for fetal origins of adult diseases and the potential role of placental 11β-HSD2 in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, the Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yibin Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, the Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (CZ)
| | - Chaochun Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, the Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (CZ)
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12
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Beck KR, Bächler M, Vuorinen A, Wagner S, Akram M, Griesser U, Temml V, Klusonova P, Yamaguchi H, Schuster D, Odermatt A. Inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 by the fungicides itraconazole and posaconazole. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 130:93-103. [PMID: 28131847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Impaired 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2)-dependent cortisol inactivation can lead to electrolyte dysbalance, hypertension and cardiometabolic disease. Furthermore, placental 11β-HSD2 essentially protects the fetus from high maternal glucocorticoid levels, and its impaired function has been associated with altered fetal growth and a higher risk for cardio-metabolic diseases in later life. Despite its important role, 11β-HSD2 is not included in current off-target screening approaches. To identify potential 11β-HSD inhibitors among approved drugs, a pharmacophore model was used for virtual screening, followed by biological assessment of selected hits. This led to the identification of several azole fungicides as 11β-HSD inhibitors, showing a significant structure-activity relationship between azole scaffold size, 11β-HSD enzyme selectivity and inhibitory potency. A hydrophobic linker connecting the azole ring to the other, more polar end of the molecule was observed to be favorable for 11β-HSD2 inhibition and selectivity over 11β-HSD1. The most potent 11β-HSD2 inhibition, using cell lysates expressing recombinant human 11β-HSD2, was obtained for itraconazole (IC50 139±14nM), its active metabolite hydroxyitraconazole (IC50 223±31nM) and posaconazole (IC50 460±98nM). Interestingly, experiments with mouse and rat kidney homogenates showed considerably lower inhibitory activity of these compounds towards 11β-HSD2, indicating important species-specific differences. Thus, 11β-HSD2 inhibition by these compounds is likely to be overlooked in preclinical rodent studies. Inhibition of placental 11β-HSD2 by these compounds, in addition to the known inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein efflux transport, might contribute to elevated local cortisol levels, thereby affecting fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina R Beck
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Murielle Bächler
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Vuorinen
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sandra Wagner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Computer Aided Molecular Design Group, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Computer Aided Molecular Design Group, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ulrich Griesser
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Computer Aided Molecular Design Group, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Petra Klusonova
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Hideaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Computer Aided Molecular Design Group, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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13
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Vitku J, Starka L, Bicikova M, Hill M, Heracek J, Sosvorova L, Hampl R. Endocrine disruptors and other inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 and 2: Tissue-specific consequences of enzyme inhibition. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:207-16. [PMID: 25066675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous chemicals in the environment have the ability to interact with the endocrine system. These compounds are called endocrine disruptors (EDs). Exposure to EDs represents one of the hypotheses for decreasing fertility, the increased risk of numerous cancers and obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. There are various mechanisms of ED action, one of which is their interference in the action of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) that maintains a balance between active and inactive glucocorticoids on the intracellular level. This enzyme has two isoforms and is expressed in various tissues. Inhibition of 11βHSD in various tissues can have different consequences. In the case of EDs, the results of exposure are mainly adverse; on the other hand pharmaceutically developed inhibitors of 11βHSD type 1 are evaluated as an option for treating metabolic syndrome, as well as related diseases and depressive disorders. This review focuses on the effects of 11βHSD inhibitors in the testis, colon, adipose tissue, kidney, brain and placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vitku
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Luboslav Starka
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Bicikova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Heracek
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Department of Urology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Sosvorova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hampl
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Botelho G, Bernardini C, Zannoni A, Ventrella V, Bacci ML, Forni M. Effect of tributyltin on mammalian endothelial cell integrity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 176-177:79-86. [PMID: 26256121 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), is a man-made pollutants, known to accumulate along the food chain, acting as an endocrine disruptor in marine organisms, with toxic and adverse effects in many tissues including vascular system. Based on the absence of specific studies of TBT effects on endothelial cells, we aimed to evaluate the toxicity of TBT on primary culture of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs), pig being an excellent model to study human cardiovascular disease. pAECs were exposed for 24h to TBT (100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000nM) showing a dose dependent decrease in cell viability through both apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover the ability of TBT (100 and 500nM) to influence endothelial gene expression was investigated at 1, 7 and 15h of treatment. Gene expression of tight junction molecules, occludin (OCLN) and tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1) was reduced while monocyte adhesion and adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) levels increased significantly at 1h. IL-6 and estrogen receptors 1 and 2 (ESR-1 and ESR-2) mRNAs, after a transient decrease, reached the maximum levels after 15h of exposure. Finally, we demonstrated that TBT altered endothelial functionality greatly increasing monocyte adhesion. These findings indicate that TBT deeply alters endothelial profile, disrupting their structure and interfering with their ability to interact with molecules and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Botelho
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DEVET, UNICENTRO - Universidade Estadual do Centro, Oeste do Paraná, Brazil.
| | - C Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - A Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - V Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - M L Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - M Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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15
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Sargis RM. Metabolic disruption in context: Clinical avenues for synergistic perturbations in energy homeostasis by endocrine disrupting chemicals. ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS (AUSTIN, TEX.) 2015; 3:e1080788. [PMID: 27011951 PMCID: PMC4801233 DOI: 10.1080/23273747.2015.1080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The global epidemic of metabolic disease is a clear and present danger to both individual and societal health. Understanding the myriad factors contributing to obesity and diabetes is essential for curbing their decades-long expansion. Emerging data implicate environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The phenylsulfamide fungicide and anti-fouling agent tolylfluanid (TF) was recently added to the list of EDCs promoting metabolic dysfunction. Dietary exposure to this novel metabolic disruptor promoted weight gain, increased adiposity, and glucose intolerance as well as systemic and cellular insulin resistance. Interestingly, the increase in body weight and adipose mass was not a consequence of increased food consumption; rather, it may have resulted from disruptions in diurnal patterns of energy intake, raising the possibility that EDCs may promote metabolic dysfunction through alterations in circadian rhythms. While these studies provide further evidence that EDCs may promote the development of obesity and diabetes, many questions remain regarding the clinical factors that modulate patient-specific consequences of EDC exposure, including the impact of genetics, diet, lifestyle, underlying disease, pharmacological treatments, and clinical states of fat redistribution. Currently, little is known regarding the impact of these factors on an individual's susceptibility to environmentally-mediated metabolic disruption. Advances in these areas will be critical for translating EDC science into the clinic to enable physicians to stratify an individual's risk of developing EDC-induced metabolic disease and to provide direction for treating exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition; Kovler Diabetes Center; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Medicine; University of Chicago; Chicago, IL USA
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16
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Abstract
The use of transgenics in fish is a relatively recent development for advancing understanding of genetic mechanisms and developmental processes, improving aquaculture, and for pharmaceutical discovery. Transgenic fish have also been applied in ecotoxicology where they have the potential to provide more advanced and integrated systems for assessing health impacts of chemicals. The zebrafish (Daniorerio) is the most popular fish for transgenic models, for reasons including their high fecundity, transparency of their embryos, rapid organogenesis and availability of extensive genetic resources. The most commonly used technique for producing transgenic zebrafish is via microinjection of transgenes into fertilized eggs. Transposon and meganuclease have become the most reliable methods for insertion of the genetic construct in the production of stable transgenic fish lines. The GAL4-UAS system, where GAL4 is placed under the control of a desired promoter and UAS is fused with a fluorescent marker, has greatly enhanced model development for studies in ecotoxicology. Transgenic fish have been developed to study for the effects of heavy metal toxicity (via heat-shock protein genes), oxidative stress (via an electrophile-responsive element), for various organic chemicals acting through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, thyroid and glucocorticoid response pathways, and estrogenicity. These models vary in their sensitivity with only very few able to detect responses for environmentally relevant exposures. Nevertheless, the potential of these systems for analyses of chemical effects in real time and across multiple targets in intact organisms is considerable. Here we illustrate the techniques used for generating transgenic zebrafish and assess progress in the development and application of transgenic fish (principally zebrafish) for studies in environmental toxicology. We further provide a viewpoint on future development opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okhyun Lee
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, Devon , UK
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17
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Baker ME, Sprague LJ, Ribecco C, Ruggeri B, Lekmine N, Ludka C, Wick I, Soverchia L, Ubaldi M, Šášik R, Schlenk D, Kelley KM, Reyes JA, Hardiman G. Application of a targeted endocrine q-PCR panel to monitor the effects of pollution in southern California flatfish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/23273739.2014.969598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Yamada S, Kotake Y, Demizu Y, Kurihara M, Sekino Y, Kanda Y. NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase as a novel target of tributyltin in human embryonic carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5952. [PMID: 25092173 PMCID: PMC4121607 DOI: 10.1038/srep05952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is known to cause developmental defects as endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs). At nanomoler concentrations, TBT actions were mediated by genomic pathways via PPAR/RXR. However, non-genomic target of TBT has not been elucidated. To investigate non-genomic TBT targets, we performed comprehensive metabolomic analyses using human embryonic carcinoma NT2/D1 cells. We found that 100 nM TBT reduced the amounts of α-ketoglutarate, succinate and malate. We further found that TBT decreased the activity of NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-IDH), which catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle. In addition, TBT inhibited cell growth and enhanced neuronal differentiation through NAD-IDH inhibition. Furthermore, studies using bacterially expressed human NAD-IDH and in silico simulations suggest that TBT inhibits NAD-IDH due to a possible interaction. These results suggest that NAD-IDH is a novel non-genomic target of TBT at nanomolar levels. Thus, a metabolomic approach may provide new insights into the mechanism of EDC action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Yamada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurihara
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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García-Carrillo S, Aranda FJ, Ortiz A, Teruel JA. Kinetic characterization of Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA1) inhibition by tri-n-butyltin(IV) chloride. A docking conformation proposal. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1211-24. [PMID: 24999014 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.939997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Organotin compounds, such as tri-n-butyltin(IV) chloride (TBT), are widespread toxicants which disrupt different functions in living organisms. TBT interacts with lipid membranes and membrane proteins. The inhibition of the calcium ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes by TBT was studied. It was found that the ATPase inhibition could not be reverted in a large time scale; moreover, an excess of TBT over enzyme did not fully inhibit the ATPase activity; therefore, it was concluded that TBT irreversibly inhibits the enzyme, and this inhibition is accompanied by a decrease in the effective TBT concentration. The residual ATP hydrolysis activity was measured at different TBT concentrations with time, and the protective effect of different calcium concentrations on the TBT inhibition was also determined. The simplest kinetic mechanism to successfully explain all the observations and the kinetic behavior was found to be a single irreversible step of the inhibitor binding to the enzyme accompanied with a first-order inhibitor inactivation. A fluorescence study of fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate-labeled enzyme revealed that TBT binding to the enzyme entails a conformational change related to the high- to low-affinity calcium-binding state transition (E1 to E2 transition), resembling the conformational change induced by vanadate linked to the formation of E2 V complex from E1 state. A docking study allowed us to propose a binding pocket for TBT in the membrane region of E1 close to the high-affinity calcium-binding sites, as well as to define the interactions with amino acid residues interfering with calcium sites occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scheherezade García-Carrillo
- a Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A , Universidad de Murcia, Espinardo , Murcia 30100 , Spain
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20
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Miyagawa S, Lange A, Tohyama S, Ogino Y, Mizutani T, Kobayashi T, Tatarazako N, Tyler CR, Iguchi T. Characterization ofOryzias latipesglucocorticoid receptors and their unique response to progestins. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:302-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Miyagawa
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Stocker Road Exeter EX4 4QD UK
| | - Saki Tohyama
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Yukiko Ogino
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizutani
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences; University of Shizuoka; Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Environmental Quality Measurement Section, Research Center for Environmental Risk; National Institute for Environmental Studies; 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Stocker Road Exeter EX4 4QD UK
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
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21
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Abstract
Rates of metabolic diseases have increased at an astounding rate in recent decades. Even though poor diet and physical inactivity are central drivers, these lifestyle changes alone fail to fully account for the magnitude and rapidity of the epidemic. Thus, attention has turned to identifying novel risk factors, including the contribution of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals. Epidemiologic and preclinical data support a role for various contaminants in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition to the vascular risk associated with dysglycemia, emerging evidence implicates multiple pollutants in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Reviewed herein are studies linking endocrine disruptors to these key diseases that drive significant individual and societal morbidity and mortality. Identifying chemicals associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease as well as their mechanisms of action is critical for developing novel treatment strategies and public policy to mitigate the impact of these diseases on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Kirkley
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition
- Kovler Diabetes Center
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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22
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Regnier SM, Sargis RM. Adipocytes under assault: environmental disruption of adipose physiology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1842:520-33. [PMID: 23735214 PMCID: PMC3823640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning obesity epidemic has placed enormous strains on individual and societal health mandating a careful search for pathogenic factors, including the contributions made by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In addition to evidence that some exogenous chemicals have the capacity to modulate classical hormonal signaling axes, there is mounting evidence that several EDCs can also disrupt metabolic pathways and alter energy homeostasis. Adipose tissue appears to be a particularly important target of these metabolic disruptions. A diverse array of compounds has been shown to alter adipocyte differentiation, and several EDCs have been shown to modulate adipocyte physiology, including adipocytic insulin action and adipokine secretion. This rapidly emerging evidence demonstrating that environmental contaminants alter adipocyte function emphasizes the potential role that disruption of adipose physiology by EDCs may play in the global epidemic of metabolic disease. Further work is required to better characterize the molecular targets responsible for mediating the effects of EDCs on adipose tissue. Improved understanding of the precise signaling pathways altered by exposure to environmental contaminants will enhance our understanding of which chemicals pose a threat to metabolic health and how those compounds synergize with lifestyle factors to promote obesity and its associated complications. This knowledge may also improve our capacity to predict which synthetic compounds may alter energy homeostasis before they are released into the environment while also providing critical evidentiary support for efforts to restrict the production and use of chemicals that pose the greatest threat to human metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Regnier
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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Ye L, Guo J, Ge RS. Environmental pollutants and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2014; 94:349-90. [PMID: 24388197 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800095-3.00013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD) are a group of steroidogenic enzymes that are involved in the steroid biosynthesis and metabolism. Four classes of HSDs, namely, 3β-, 11β-, 17β-, and 20α-HSDs, are discussed. 3β-HSDs catalyze the conversion of pregnenolone, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone to progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and androstenedione, respectively. 11β-HSDs catalyze the interconversion between active cortisol and inactive cortisone. 17β-HSDs catalyze the interconversion between 17β-hydroxyl steroids and 17-ketoandrogens and estrogens. 20α-HSDs catalyze the conversion of progesterone into 20α-hydroxyprogesterone. Many environmental pollutants directly inhibit one or more enzymes of these HSDs, thus interfering with endogenous active steroid hormone levels. These chemicals include industrial materials (perfluoroalkyl compounds, phthalates, bisphenol A, and benzophenone), pesticides/biocides (methoxychlor, organotins, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, and prochloraz), and plant constituents (genistein, gossypol, and licorice). This chapter reviews these inhibitors targeting on HSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leping Ye
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Research Academy of Reproductive Biomedicine of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Research Academy of Reproductive Biomedicine of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Research Academy of Reproductive Biomedicine of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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24
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Abstract
The obesogen hypothesis postulates the role of environmental chemical pollutants that disrupt homeostatic controls and adaptive mechanisms to promote adipose-dependent weight gain leading to obesity and metabolic syndrome complications. One of the most direct molecular mechanisms for coupling environmental chemical exposures to perturbed physiology invokes pollutants mimicking endogenous endocrine hormones or bioactive dietary signaling metabolites that serve as nuclear receptor ligands. The organotin pollutant tributyltin can exert toxicity through multiple mechanisms but most recently has been shown to bind, activate, and mediate RXR-PPARγ transcriptional regulation central to lipid metabolism and adipocyte biology. Data in support of long-term obesogenic effects on whole body adipose tissue are also reported. Organotins represent an important model test system for evaluating the impact and epidemiological significance of chemical insults as contributing factors for obesity and human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grün
- The Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
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25
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Molecular analysis of endocrine disruption in hornyhead turbot at wastewater outfalls in southern california using a second generation multi-species microarray. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75553. [PMID: 24086568 PMCID: PMC3783431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sentinel fish hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthysverticalis) captured near wastewater outfalls are used for monitoring exposure to industrial and agricultural chemicals of ~ 20 million people living in coastal Southern California. Although analyses of hormones in blood and organ morphology and histology are useful for assessing contaminant exposure, there is a need for quantitative and sensitive molecular measurements, since contaminants of emerging concern are known to produce subtle effects. We developed a second generation multi-species microarray with expanded content and sensitivity to investigate endocrine disruption in turbot captured near wastewater outfalls in San Diego, Orange County and Los Angeles California. Analysis of expression of genes involved in hormone [e.g., estrogen, androgen, thyroid] responses and xenobiotic metabolism in turbot livers was correlated with a series of phenotypic end points. Molecular analyses of turbot livers uncovered altered expression of vitellogenin and zona pellucida protein, indicating exposure to one or more estrogenic chemicals, as well as, alterations in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A, CYP3A and glutathione S-transferase-α indicating induction of the detoxification response. Molecular responses indicative of exposure to endocrine disruptors were observed in field-caught hornyhead turbot captured in Southern California demonstrating the utility of molecular methods for monitoring environmental chemicals in wastewater outfalls. Moreover, this approach can be adapted to monitor other sites for contaminants of emerging concern in other fish species for which there are few available gene sequences.
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Pereira-Fernandes A, Vanparys C, Hectors TLM, Vergauwen L, Knapen D, Jorens PG, Blust R. Unraveling the mode of action of an obesogen: mechanistic analysis of the model obesogen tributyltin in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 370:52-64. [PMID: 23428407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesogenic compounds are chemicals that have an influence on obesity development. This study was designed to unravel the molecular mechanisms of the model obesogen TBT, using microarray analysis in the 3T3-L1 in vitro system, and to evaluate the use of toxicogenomics for obesogen screening. The microarray results revealed enrichment of Gene Ontology terms involved in energy and fat metabolism after 10 days of TBT exposure. Pathway analysis unveiled PPAR signalling pathway as the sole pathway significantly enriched after 1 day and the most significantly enriched pathway after 10 days of exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first study delivering an in depth mechanistic outline of the mode of action of TBT as an obesogen, combining effects on both cell physiological and gene expression level. Furthermore, our results show that combining transcriptomics with 3T3-L1 cells is a promising tool for screening of potential obesogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pereira-Fernandes
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Yamada S, Kotake Y, Sekino Y, Kanda Y. AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated glucose transport as a novel target of tributyltin in human embryonic carcinoma cells. Metallomics 2013; 5:484-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Meyer A, Strajhar P, Murer C, Da Cunha T, Odermatt A. Species-specific differences in the inhibition of human and zebrafish 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 by thiram and organotins. Toxicology 2012; 301:72-8. [PMID: 22796344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dithiocarbamates and organotins can inhibit enzymes by interacting with functionally essential sulfhydryl groups. Both classes of chemicals were shown to inhibit human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2), which converts active cortisol into inactive cortisone and has a role in renal and intestinal electrolyte regulation and in the feto-placental barrier to maternal glucocorticoids. In fish, 11β-HSD2 has a dual role by inactivating glucocorticoids and generating the major androgen 11-ketotestosterone. Inhibition of this enzyme may enhance glucocorticoid and diminish androgen effects in fish. Here, we characterized 11β-HSD2 activity of the model species zebrafish. A comparison with human and mouse 11β-HSD2 revealed species-specific substrate preference. Unexpectedly, assessment of the effects of thiram and several organotins on the activity of zebrafish 11β-HSD2 showed weak inhibition by thiram and no inhibition by any of the organotins tested. Sequence comparison revealed the presence of an alanine at position 253 on zebrafish 11β-HSD2, corresponding to cysteine-264 in the substrate-binding pocket of the human enzyme. Substitution of alanine-253 by cysteine resulted in a more than 10-fold increased sensitivity of zebrafish 11β-HSD2 to thiram. Mutating cysteine-264 on human 11β-HSD2 to serine resulted in 100-fold lower inhibitory activity. Our results demonstrate significant species differences in the sensitivity of human and zebrafish 11β-HSD2 to inhibition by thiram and organotins. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed a key role of cysteine-264 in the substrate-binding pocket of human 11β-HSD2 for sensitivity to sulfhydryl modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Meyer
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Janesick A, Blumberg B. Obesogens, stem cells and the developmental programming of obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 2012; 35:437-48. [PMID: 22372658 PMCID: PMC3358413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesogens are chemicals that directly or indirectly lead to increased fat accumulation and obesity. Obesogens have the potential to disrupt multiple metabolic signalling pathways in the developing organism that can result in permanent changes in adult physiology. Prenatal or perinatal exposure to obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals has been shown to predispose an organism to store more fat from the beginning of its life. For example, excess oestrogen or cortisol exposure in the womb or during early life resulted in an increased susceptibility to obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life. This review focuses on the effects of environmental chemicals, such as the model obesogen, tributyltin (TBT), on the development of obesity. We discuss evidence linking the obesogenic effects of TBT with its ability to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and stimulate adipogenesis. We also discuss how TBT and other environmental obesogens may lead to epigenetic changes that predispose exposed individuals to subsequent weight gain and obesity. This suggests that humans, who have been exposed to obesogenic chemicals during sensitive windows of development, might be pre-programmed to store increased amounts of fat, resulting in a lifelong struggle to maintain a healthy weight and exacerbating the deleterious effects of poor diet and inadequate exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Janesick
- Departments of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA.
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[Endocrine disruptors and obesity: obesogens]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 59:261-7. [PMID: 22300604 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Incidence and prevalence of owerweight and obesity have greatly increased over the past three decades in almost all countries around the world. This phenomenon is not easily explained by lifestyle changes in populations with very different initial habits. This has led to consider the influence of other factors, the so-called endocrine disruptors, and more specifically obesogens. This study reviewed the available evidence about polluting chemical substances which may potentially be obesogens in humans: DES, genistein, bisphenol A, organotins (TBT, TPT), and phthalates. The first three groups of substances mainly act upon estrogen receptors, while organotins and phthalates activate PPARγ. It was concluded that evidence exists of the obesogenic effect of these chemical substances in tissues and experimental animals, but few data are available in humans.
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Antes FG, Krupp E, Flores EMM, Dressler VL, Feldmann J. Speciation and degradation of triphenyltin in typical paddy fields and its uptake into rice plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:10524-10530. [PMID: 22074207 DOI: 10.1021/es202832g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPhT) is a biocide used worldwide in agriculture, especially in rice crop farming. The distribution and dissipation of TPhT in rice fields, as well as uptake of TPhT and other phenyltin compounds (monophenyltin, MPhT, and diphenyltin, DPhT) is still unknown at present. In this study, speciation analysis of phenyltin compounds was carried out in soil and water from a rice field where TPhT was applied during rice seeding according to legal application rates in Brazil. The results indicate the degradation of biocide and distribution of tin species into soil and water. To evaluate whether TPhT is taken up by plants, rice plants were exposed to three different TPhT application rates in a controlled mesocosm during 7 weeks. After this period, tin speciation was determined in soil, roots, leaves, and grains of rice. Degradation of TPhT was observed in soil, where DPhT and MPhT were detected. MPhT, DPhT, and TPhT were also detected in the roots of plants exposed to all TPhT application rates. Only TPhT was detected in leaves and at relatively low concentration, suggesting selective transport of TPhT in the xylem, in contrast to DPhT and MPhT. Concentration of phenyltin species in rice grains was lower than the limit of detection, suggesting that rice plants do not have the capability to take up TPhT from soil and transport it to the grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane G Antes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Neel
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute for Endocrine Discovery and Clinical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Corresponding author: Robert M. Sargis,
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Ma X, Lian QQ, Dong Q, Ge RS. Environmental inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. Toxicology 2011; 285:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhao B, Lian Q, Chu Y, Hardy DO, Li XK, Ge RS. The inhibition of human and rat 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 by perfluoroalkylated substances. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:143-7. [PMID: 21237268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2) regulates active glucocorticoid access to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors by metabolizing it to an inactive form. Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) are man-made polyfluorinated compounds that are widely used and persistent in the environment. We tested the inhibitory potencies of four PFASs including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) on human and rat 11β-HSD2. PFOS was a potent inhibitor of both human (IC(50)=48 nM) and rat (IC(50)=293 nM) 11β-HSD2 activities. The potencies for the inhibition of human and rat 11β-HSD2 activities were PFOS>PFOA>PFHxS>PFBS. PFASs showed competitive inhibition of both human and rat 11β-HSD2 activities. This observation indicates that PFOS is a potent endocrine disruptor for glucocorticoid metabolism. Article from the Special issue on Targeted Inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghai Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Heilongjiang 157011, PR China
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Nesci S, Ventrella V, Trombetti F, Pirini M, Borgatti AR, Pagliarani A. Tributyltin (TBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) differently inhibit the mitochondrial Mg-ATPase activity in mussel digestive gland. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:117-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nassef M, Tawaratsumita T, Oba Y, Satone H, Nakayama K, Shimasaki Y, Honjo T, Oshima Y. Induction of tributyltin-binding protein type 2 in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, by exposure to tributyltin-d27. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:412-414. [PMID: 21232774 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, individual Japanese flounder were intraperitoneally injected with 2 μg tributyltin-d27 (TBT-d27) fish⁻¹. Blood samples were collected on day 7 after injection. TBT-binding protein types 1 and 2 (TBT-bp1, -bp2) in the blood serum were quantified by western blotting analysis. As a result, the concentration of TBT-bp2 in TBT-d27 treated group increased to 220% of that in the solvent control, whereas the TBT-bp1 concentration decreased to 65% of that in the solvent control. Additionally, a positive relationship between the concentrations of TBT-bp2 and TBT was observed in blood sera of wild and cultured flounder. We suggest that TBT-bp2 is produced in response to TBT exposure and may play an important role in fish physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nassef
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Decherf S, Demeneix BA. The obesogen hypothesis: a shift of focus from the periphery to the hypothalamus. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:423-448. [PMID: 21790320 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.578561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The obesogen concept proposes that environmental contaminants may be contributing to the epidemic of obesity and its related pathology, metabolic disorder. The first references to such a notion appeared at the beginning of the current decade, with the hypothesis that the correlation between increasing incidence of obesity and enhanced industrial chemical production was not simply coincidental, but potentially causally related. The next event was the introduction of the term "obesogen" as representing an environmental pollutant that adversely affects various aspects of adipose tissue functions. More recently, the concept was extended to include substances that may modify metabolic balance at the central, hypothalamic level. The actions of two prime candidate obesogens, tributyltin (TBT) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), acting at the central level are the main focus of this review. Having discussed the evidence for contaminant accumulation in the environment and in human tissues and the potential mechanisms of action, data are provided showing that these two widespread pollutants modify hypothalamic gene regulations. Our studies are based on maternal exposure and measurement of effects in the progeny, mainly based on in vivo gene reporter assays. Such models are obviously pertinent to testing current hypotheses that propose that early exposure might exert effects on later development and physiological functions. The potential molecular mechanisms involved are discussed, as are the broader physiological consequences of these hypothalamic dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Decherf
- CNRS UMR 7221 «Evolution of Endocrine Regulations», Department Regulations, Development and Molecular Diversity, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The environmental obesogen hypothesis postulates chemical pollutants that are able to promote obesity by altering homeostatic metabolic set-points, disrupting appetite controls, perturbing lipid homeostasis to promote adipocyte hypertrophy, or stimulating adipogenic pathways that enhance adipocyte hyperplasia during development or in adults. This review focuses on recent experimental advances for candidate obesogens that target nuclear hormone receptors when a direct link between exposure, modulation of transcriptional networks and adipogenic phenotypes can be rationalized. RECENT FINDINGS Various endocrine disrupting chemicals can disrupt hormonal signaling relevant to adipose tissue biology. In this review, progress on one identified obesogen, the organotin tributyltin, will be outlined to highlight principles and novel insights into its high-affinity nuclear hormone receptor-mediated mechanism, its effects on adipocyte biology, its potential to promote long-term obesogenic changes and its epidemiological relevance. When appropriate, important results for other suspected obesogenic ligands, including bisphenol A, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and perfluoro-compounds, will highlight corroborating principles. SUMMARY These examples serve to provide perspective on the potential harm that man-made obesogenic pollutants pose to human health, focus attention on areas in which knowledge remains inadequate and prompt a re-evaluation of the causative risk factors driving the current changes in obesity rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grün
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2280, USA.
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Sargis RM, Johnson DN, Choudhury RA, Brady MJ. Environmental endocrine disruptors promote adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 cell line through glucocorticoid receptor activation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1283-8. [PMID: 19927138 PMCID: PMC3957336 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning obesity and diabetes epidemics threaten health worldwide, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are incompletely understood. Recently, attention has focused on the potential contributions of environmental pollutants that act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Because glucocorticoid signaling is central to adipocyte differentiation, the ability of EDCs to stimulate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and drive adipogenesis was assessed in the 3T3-L1 cell line. Various EDCs were screened for glucocorticoid-like activity using a luciferase reporter construct, and four (bisphenol A (BPA), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), endrin, and tolylfluanid (TF)) were shown to significantly stimulate GR without significant activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were then treated with EDCs and a weak differentiation cocktail containing dehydrocorticosterone (DHC) in place of the synthetic dexamethasone. The capacity of these compounds to promote adipogenesis was assessed by quantitative oil red O staining and immunoblotting for adipocyte-specific proteins. The four EDCs increased lipid accumulation in the differentiating adipocytes and also upregulated the expression of adipocytic proteins. Interestingly, proadipogenic effects were observed at picomolar concentrations for several of the EDCs. Because there was no detectable adipogenesis when the preadipocytes were treated with compounds alone, the EDCs are likely promoting adipocyte differentiation by synergizing with agents present in the differentiation cocktail. Thus, EDCs are able to promote adipogenesis through the activation of the GR, further implicating these compounds in the rising rates of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Sargis
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Discovery and Clinical Care, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel N. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Discovery and Clinical Care, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rashikh A. Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Discovery and Clinical Care, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew J. Brady
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Endocrine Discovery and Clinical Care, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Stem MR, Ellzey ML. Application of computational modeling to analyze reactive organotin(IV) species. Struct Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-009-9520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The recent dramatic rise in obesity rates is an alarming global health trend that consumes an ever increasing portion of health care budgets in Western countries. The root cause of obesity is thought to be a prolonged positive energy balance. Hence, the major focus of preventative programs for obesity has been to target overeating and inadequate physical exercise. Recent research implicates environmental risk factors, including nutrient quality, stress, fetal environment and pharmaceutical or chemical exposure as relevant contributing influences. Evidence points to endocrine disrupting chemicals that interfere with the body's adipose tissue biology, endocrine hormone systems or central hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as suspects in derailing the homeostatic mechanisms important to weight control. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the molecular targets and mechanisms of action for these compounds and areas of future research needed to evaluate the significance of their contribution to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grün
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, 92697-2300, USA
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Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, are epidemic in Western countries, particularly the United States. The conventional wisdom holds that obesity is primarily the result of a positive energy balance, i.e. too many calories in and too few calories burned. Although it is self-evident that fat cannot be accumulated without a higher caloric intake than expenditure, recent research in a number of laboratories suggests the existence of chemicals that alter regulation of energy balance to favor weight gain and obesity. These obesogens derail the homeostatic mechanisms important for weight control, such that exposed individuals are predisposed to weight gain, despite normal diet and exercise. This review considers the evidence for obesogens, how they might act, and where future research is needed to clarify their relative contribution to the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grün
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2300, USA
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Baker ME, Ruggeri B, Sprague LJ, Eckhardt-Ludka C, Lapira J, Wick I, Soverchia L, Ubaldi M, Polzonetti-Magni AM, Vidal-Dorsch D, Bay S, Gully JR, Reyes JA, Kelley KM, Schlenk D, Breen EC, Šášik R, Hardiman G. Analysis of endocrine disruption in Southern California coastal fish using an aquatic multispecies microarray. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:223-30. [PMID: 19270792 PMCID: PMC2649224 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine disruptors include plasticizers, pesticides, detergents, and pharmaceuticals. Turbot and other flatfish are used to characterize the presence of chemicals in the marine environment. Unfortunately, there are relatively few genes of turbot and other flatfish in GenBank, which limits the use of molecular tools such as microarrays and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to study disruption of endocrine responses in sentinel fish captured by regulatory agencies. OBJECTIVES We fabricated a multigene cross-species microarray as a diagnostic tool to screen the effects of environmental chemicals in fish, for which there is minimal genomic information. The array included genes that are involved in the actions of adrenal and sex steroids, thyroid hormone, and xenobiotic responses. This microarray will provide a sensitive tool for screening for the presence of chemicals with adverse effects on endocrine responses in coastal fish species. METHODS We used a custom multispecies microarray to study gene expression in wild hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) collected from polluted and clean coastal waters and in laboratory male zebrafish (Danio rerio) after exposure to estradiol and 4-nonylphenol. We measured gene-specific expression in turbot liver by qRT-PCR and correlated it to microarray data. RESULTS Microarray and qRT-PCR analyses of livers from turbot collected from polluted areas revealed altered gene expression profiles compared with those from nonaffected areas. CONCLUSIONS The agreement between the array data and qRT-PCR analyses validates this multispecies microarray. The microarray measurement of gene expression in zebrafish, which are phylogenetically distant from turbot, indicates that this multispecies microarray will be useful for measuring endocrine responses in other fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Ruggeri
- BioMedical Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - L. James Sprague
- BioMedical Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Colleen Eckhardt-Ludka
- BioMedical Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Lapira
- BioMedical Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ivan Wick
- BioMedical Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laura Soverchia
- BioMedical Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Ubaldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Doris Vidal-Dorsch
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Steven Bay
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Joseph R. Gully
- Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, California, USA
| | - Jesus A. Reyes
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Kevin M. Kelley
- Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Roman Šášik
- BioMedical Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Moore’s Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine
- BioMedical Genomics Facility, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Odermatt A, Gumy C. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid action: Why should we consider influences by environmental chemicals? Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:1184-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang Z, Hu J, Zhen H, Wu X, Huang C. Reproductive inhibition and transgenerational toxicity of triphenyltin on medaka (Oiyzias latipes) at environmentally relevant levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:8133-8139. [PMID: 19031914 DOI: 10.1021/es801573x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported unexpectedly high body burdens of triphenyltin (TPT) in wild fishes around the world. To assess the effects of TPT on fish, we exposed pairs of medaka (Oryzias latipes) to different levels of TPT for 5 weeks, and the reproduction responses and transgenerational effects were studied. The results demonstrated that TPT exposure markedly suppressed the spawning frequency, spawned egg number, egg quality and gonad development, and induced teratogenesis, such as hemorrhaging, eye defects, morphological malformation and conjoined twins, less hatchability, and swim-up failure in the F1 generation, thereby resulting in a significant decrease in the capacity to produce viable offspring (p < 0.01). The residual TPT levels in the exposure fish are in the range of 6.52 +/- 0.56 to 5595 +/- 1016 ng of TPT/g of wet weight, similar to those reported in wild fish around the world, indicating TPT contamination in the real world would have a significant adverse effect on the health of fish population. Down-regulation of vitellogenin (VTG) genes in the female of the TPT exposure groups was recognized as a cause for the decreased fecundity. Expressions of VEGFs and PAX6 associated with vascular or ocular development respectively, were measured in hemorrhaging and eye defects embryos and showed good correlations with response outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Gumy C, Chandsawangbhuwana C, Dzyakanchuk AA, Kratschmar DV, Baker ME, Odermatt A. Dibutyltin disrupts glucocorticoid receptor function and impairs glucocorticoid-induced suppression of cytokine production. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3545. [PMID: 18958157 PMCID: PMC2568824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Organotins are highly toxic and widely distributed environmental chemicals. Dibutyltin (DBT) is used as stabilizer in the production of polyvinyl chloride plastics, and it is also the major metabolite formed from tributyltin (TBT) in vivo. DBT is immunotoxic, however, the responsible targets remain to be defined. Due to the importance of glucocorticoids in immune-modulation, we investigated whether DBT could interfere with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function. Methodology We used HEK-293 cells transiently transfected with human GR as well as rat H4IIE hepatoma cells and native human macrophages and human THP-1 macrophages expressing endogenous receptor to study organotin effects on GR function. Docking of organotins was used to investigate the binding mechanism. Principal Findings We found that nanomolar concentrations of DBT, but not other organotins tested, inhibit ligand binding to GR and its transcriptional activity. Docking analysis indicated that DBT inhibits GR activation allosterically by inserting into a site close to the steroid-binding pocket, which disrupts a key interaction between the A-ring of the glucocorticoid and the GR. DBT inhibited glucocorticoid-induced expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and tyrosine-aminotransferase (TAT) and abolished the glucocorticoid-mediated transrepression of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity. Moreover, DBT abrogated the glucocorticoid-mediated suppression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated native human macrophages and human THP-1 macrophages. Conclusions DBT inhibits ligand binding to GR and subsequent activation of the receptor. By blocking GR activation, DBT may disturb metabolic functions and modulation of the immune system, providing an explanation for some of the toxic effects of this organotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Gumy
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Charlie Chandsawangbhuwana
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Anna A. Dzyakanchuk
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denise V. Kratschmar
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael E. Baker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MEB); (AO)
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MEB); (AO)
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Nath M. Toxicity and the cardiovascular activity of organotin compounds: a review. Appl Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schuster D, Nashev LG, Kirchmair J, Laggner C, Wolber G, Langer T, Odermatt A. Discovery of Nonsteroidal 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Inhibitors by Pharmacophore-Based Screening of Virtual Compound Libraries. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4188-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schuster
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Lyubomir G. Nashev
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Laggner
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
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Atanasov AG, Nashev LG, Gelman L, Legeza B, Sack R, Portmann R, Odermatt A. Direct protein-protein interaction of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:1536-43. [PMID: 18381077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH) has been shown to stimulate 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1)-dependent local regeneration of active glucocorticoids. Here, we show that coexpression with H6PDH results in a dramatic shift from 11beta-HSD1 oxidase to reductase activity without affecting the activity of the endoplasmic reticular enzyme 17beta-HSD2. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed coprecipitation of H6PDH with 11beta-HSD1 but not with the related enzymes 11beta-HSD2 and 17beta-HSD2, suggesting a specific interaction between H6PDH and 11beta-HSD1. The use of the 11beta-HSD1/11beta-HSD2 chimera indicates that the N-terminal 39 residues of 11beta-HSD1 are sufficient for interaction with H6PDH. An important role of the N-terminus was indicated further by the significantly stronger interaction of 11beta-HSD1 mutant Y18-21A with H6PDH compared to wild-type 11beta-HSD1. The protein-protein interaction and the involvement of the N-terminus of 11beta-HSD1 were confirmed by Far-Western blotting. Finally, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements of HEK-293 cells expressing fluorescently labeled proteins provided evidence for an interaction between 11beta-HSD1 and H6PDH in intact cells. Thus, using three different methods, we provide strong evidence that the functional coupling between 11beta-HSD1 and H6PDH involves a direct physical interaction of the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010 Berne, Switzerland
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Balazs Z, Schweizer RAS, Frey FJ, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Odermatt A. DHEA induces 11 -HSD2 by acting on CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 19:92-101. [PMID: 18032797 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) type 1 and type 2 catalyze the interconversion of inactive and active glucocorticoids. Impaired regulation of these enzymes has been associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Previous studies in animals and humans suggested that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has antiglucocorticoid effects, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, DHEA treatment markedly increased mRNA expression and activity of 11beta-HSD2 in a rat cortical collecting duct cell line and in kidneys of C57BL/6J mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. DHEA-treated rats tended to have reduced urinary corticosterone to 11-dehydrocorticosterone ratios. It was found that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP-alpha) and C/EBP-beta regulated HSD11B2 transcription and that DHEA likely modulated the transcription of 11beta-HSD2 in a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt-dependent manner by increasing C/EBP-beta mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, it is shown that C/EBP-alpha and C/EBP-beta differentially regulate the expression of 11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2. In conclusion, DHEA induces a shift from 11beta-HSD1 to 11beta-HSD2 expression, increasing conversion from active to inactive glucocorticoids. This provides a possible explanation for the antiglucocorticoid effects of DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Balazs
- Institute of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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