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Tam CC, Kerr WC, Cook WK, Li L. At-Risk Drinking in US Adults with Health Conditions: Differences by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, 2015-2019. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1444-1453. [PMID: 37219733 PMCID: PMC10729902 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Few studies in the US address alcohol consumption patterns in adults with chronic health conditions, and little is known about race and ethnicity differences. This study examined at-risk drinking prevalence rates among US adults with hypertension, diabetes, heart condition or cancer and assessed differences by gender and, among adults aged 50 and older, by race and ethnicity. We used data from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 209,183) to estimate (1) prevalence rates and (2) multivariable logistic regression models predicting odds of at-risk drinking among adults with hypertension, diabetes, heart condition, or cancer, compared to adults with none of these conditions. To examine subgroup differences, analyses were stratified by gender (ages 18-49 and ages 50 +) and by gender and race and ethnicity for adults ages 50 + . Results showed that all adults with diabetes and women ages 50 + with heart conditions in the full sample had lower odds of at-risk drinking relative to their counterparts without any of the four conditions. Men ages 50 + with hypertension had greater odds. In race and ethnicity assessments among adults ages 50 + , only non-Hispanic White (NHW) men and women with diabetes and heart conditions had lower odds, and NHW men and women and Hispanic men with hypertension had greater odds of at-risk drinking. There were differential associations of at-risk drinking with demographic and lifestyle indicators across race and ethnicity groups. These findings underscore tailored efforts in community and clinical settings to reduce at-risk drinking in subgroups with health condition diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Tam
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound Street, Suite 450, Emeryville, CA, 94608-1010, USA.
| | - William C Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound Street, Suite 450, Emeryville, CA, 94608-1010, USA
| | - Won Kim Cook
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound Street, Suite 450, Emeryville, CA, 94608-1010, USA
| | - Libo Li
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6001 Shellmound Street, Suite 450, Emeryville, CA, 94608-1010, USA
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Cheng Y, Lin S, Ren T, Zhang J, Shi Y, Chen Y, Chen Y. New murine model of alcoholic hepatitis in obesity-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Exp Anim 2023; 72:389-401. [PMID: 37019681 PMCID: PMC10435355 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and alcoholic hepatitis (AH) are among the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide, and their coexistence is common in clinical practice. However, currently established models of MAFLD-AH coexistence do not fully replicate their pathological characteristics and require sophisticated experimental techniques. Therefore, we aimed to develop an easily replicable model that mimics obesity-induced MAFLD-AH in patients. Our goal was to establish a murine model that replicates MAFLD and AH coexistence, resulting in significant liver injury and inflammation. To this end, we administered a single ethanol gavage dose to ob/ob mice on a chow diet. The administration of a single dose of ethanol led to elevated serum transaminase levels, increased liver steatosis, and apoptosis in ob/ob mice. Furthermore, ethanol binge caused a significant increase in oxidative stress in ob/ob mice, as measured via 4-hydroxynonenal. Importantly, the single dose of ethanol also markedly exacerbated liver neutrophil infiltration and upregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of several chemokines and neutrophil-related proteins, including Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Lcn2. Whole-liver transcriptomic analysis revealed that ethanol-induced changes in gene expression profile shared similar features with AH and MAFLD. In ob/ob mice, a single dose of ethanol binge caused significant liver injury and neutrophil infiltration. This easy-to-replicate murine model successfully mimics the pathological and clinical features of patients with coexisting MAFLD and AH and closely resembles the transcriptional regulation seen in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Shuangzhe Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yuanwen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 221 West Yan’an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 221 West Yan’an Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
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Li Y, Xia PF, Geng TT, Tu ZZ, Zhang YB, Yu HC, Zhang JJ, Guo K, Yang K, Liu G, Shan Z, Pan A. Trends in Self-Reported Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among US Adults, 1999 to March 2020. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2323584. [PMID: 37450300 PMCID: PMC10349344 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.23584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with lower risks of adverse outcomes. However, trends in multiple lifestyle factors and overall healthy lifestyle status among US adults in recent years are unknown. Objective To examine trends in multiple lifestyle factors and overall healthy lifestyle among US adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This serial cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from 10 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (nine 2-year cycles from 1999 to 2016 and 1 combined cycle from 2017 to March 2020) among adults 20 years or older. Data were analyzed from December 10, 2021, to January 11, 2023. Exposure Survey cycle. Main Outcomes and Measures Five healthy lifestyle factors: never smoking, moderate or lighter alcohol consumption (for women: ≤7 drinks/wk; for men: ≤14 drinks/wk), healthy diet (Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores ≥60.0), sufficient physical activity (≥150 min/wk of equivalent moderate physical activity), and healthy weight (body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared] 18.5-24.9). Results A total of 47 852 adults were included in this study. The weighted mean [SE] age was 47.3 [0.2] years; 24 539 (weighted proportion, 51.5%) were women. From the 1999-2000 cycle to the 2017 to March 2020 cycle, the estimated prevalence of the 5 lifestyle factors showed divergent trends, with increasing prevalence of never smoking (from 49.4% [95% CI, 46.4%-52.4%] to 57.7% [95% CI, 55.5%-59.9%]; difference, 8.2% [95% CI, 4.5%-12.0%]), healthy diet (from 19.3% [95% CI, 16.0%-22.6%] to 24.5% [95% CI, 21.5%-27.5%]; difference, 5.2% [95% CI, 0.8%-9.7%]), and sufficient physical activity (from 55.7% [95% CI, 51.8%-59.6%] to 69.1% [95% CI, 67.2%-71.1%]; difference, 13.4% [95% CI, 9.0%-17.8%]), while prevalence of healthy weight decreased from 33.1% (95% CI, 30.5%-35.6%) to 24.6% (95% CI, 22.6%-26.7%; difference, -8.4% [95% CI, -11.8% to -5.1%]) (all P < .001 for trend). Meanwhile, there was no significant trend in moderate or lighter alcohol consumption. Overall, the estimated prevalence of at least 4 healthy lifestyle factors increased from 15.7% (95% CI, 12.8%-18.7%) to 20.3% (95% CI, 17.8%-22.7%; difference, 4.5% [95% CI, 0.7%-8.4%]; P < .001 for trend). Disparities in healthy lifestyle were widened by age group, with little improvement among adults 65 years and older (difference, 0.04% [95% CI, -4.28% to 4.35%]). There were persistent disparities in healthy lifestyle by race and ethnicity, educational level, and income level. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cross-sectional study of NHANES data over a 22-year period suggest diverse change patterns across 5 healthy lifestyle factors and a modest improvement in overall lifestyle existed among US adults, with worsening or persistent disparities in lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Fei Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou-Zheng Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Bo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Cheng Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Juan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunquan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hüls A, Van Cor S, Christensen GM, Li Z, Liu Y, Shi L, Pearce JL, Bayakly R, Lash TL, Ward K, Switchenko JM. Environmental, social and behavioral risk factors in association with spatial clustering of childhood cancer incidence. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2023; 45:100582. [PMID: 37301597 PMCID: PMC10258443 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2023.100582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Childhood cancer incidence is known to vary by age, sex, and race/ethnicity, but evidence is limited regarding external risk factors. We aim to identify harmful combinations of air pollutants and other environmental and social risk factors in association with the incidence of childhood cancer based on 2003-2017 data from the Georgia Cancer Registry. We calculated the standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, leukemia and lymphomas based on age, gender and ethnic composition in each of the 159 counties in Georgia, USA. County-level information on air pollution, socioeconomic status (SES), tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and obesity were derived from US EPA and other public data sources. We applied two unsupervised learning tools (self-organizing map [SOM] and exposure-continuum mapping [ECM]) to identify pertinent types of multi-exposure combinations. Spatial Bayesian Poisson models (Leroux-CAR) were fit with indicators for each multi-exposure category as exposure and SIR of childhood cancers as outcomes. We identified consistent associations of environmental (pesticide exposure) and social/behavioral stressors (low socioeconomic status, alcohol) with spatial clustering of pediatric cancer class II (lymphomas and reticuloendothelial neoplasms), but not for other cancer classes. More research is needed to identify the causal risk factors for these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hüls
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Sara Van Cor
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grace M Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John L Pearce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rana Bayakly
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy L Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Ward
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Switchenko
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Zhang D, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Tang L, Hou J, Li Y. Alcohol induces intrahepatic humoral immunity-related suppression and delays the clearance of HBV infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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6
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Ma C, Congly SE, Chyou DE, Ross-Driscoll K, Forbes N, Tsang ES, Sussman DA, Goldberg DS. Factors Associated With Geographic Disparities in Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality in the United States. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:437-448.e1. [PMID: 35483444 PMCID: PMC9703359 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Significant geographic variability in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer-related death has been reported in the United States. We aimed to evaluate both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with intercounty differences in mortality due to GI cancer. METHODS Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research platform were used to calculate county-level mortality from esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to adjust for county-level covariables, considering both patient (eg, sex, race, obesity, diabetes, alcohol, and smoking) and structural factors (eg, specialist density, poverty, insurance prevalence, and colon cancer screening prevalence). Intercounty variability in GI cancer-related mortality explained by these covariables was expressed as the multivariable model R2. RESULTS There were significant geographic disparities in GI cancer-related county-level mortality across the US from 2010-2019 with the ratio of mortality between 90th and 10th percentile counties ranging from 1.5 (pancreatic) to 2.1 (gastric cancer). Counties with the highest 5% mortality rates for gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer were primarily in the Southeastern United States. Multivariable models explained 43%, 61%, 14%, and 39% of the intercounty variability in mortality rates for esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer, respectively. Cigarette smoking and rural residence (independent of specialist density) were most strongly associated with GI cancer-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Both patient and structural factors contribute to significant geographic differences in mortality from GI cancers. Our findings support continued public health efforts to reduce smoking use and improve care for rural patients, which may contribute to a reduction in disparities in GI cancer-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Stephen E. Congly
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darius E. Chyou
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Nauzer Forbes
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erica S. Tsang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel A. Sussman
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - David S. Goldberg
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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7
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Hirko KA, Xu H, Rogers LQ, Martin MY, Roy S, Kelly KM, Christy SM, Ashing KT, Yi JC, Lewis-Thames MW, Meade CD, Lu Q, Gwede CK, Nemeth J, Ceballos RM, Menon U, Cueva K, Yeary K, Klesges LM, Baskin ML, Alcaraz KI, Ford S. Cancer disparities in the context of rurality: risk factors and screening across various U.S. rural classification codes. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:1095-1105. [PMID: 35773504 PMCID: PMC9811397 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior cancer research is limited by inconsistencies in defining rurality. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of cancer risk factors and cancer screening behaviors across various county-based rural classification codes, including measures reflecting a continuum, to inform our understanding of cancer disparities according to the extent of rurality. METHODS Using an ecological cross-sectional design, we examined differences in cancer risk factors and cancer screening behaviors from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and National Health Interview Survey (2008-2013) across rural counties and between rural and urban counties using four rural-urban classification codes for counties and county-equivalents in 2013: U.S. Office of Management and Budget, National Center for Health Statistics, USDA Economic Research Service's rural-urban continuum codes, and Urban Influence Codes. RESULTS Although a rural-to-urban gradient was not consistently evident across all classification codes, the prevalence of smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, and binge alcohol use increased (all ptrend < 0.03), while colorectal, cervical and breast cancer screening decreased (all ptrend < 0.001) with increasing rurality. Differences in the prevalence of risk factors and screening behaviors across rural areas were greater than differences between rural and urban counties for obesity (2.4% vs. 1.5%), physical activity (2.9% vs. 2.5%), binge alcohol use (3.4% vs. 0.4%), cervical cancer screening (6.8% vs. 4.0%), and colorectal cancer screening (4.4% vs. 3.8%). CONCLUSIONS Rural cancer disparities persist across multiple rural-urban classification codes, with marked variation in cancer risk factors and screening evident within rural regions. Focusing only on a rural-urban dichotomy may not sufficiently capture subpopulations of rural residents at greater risk for cancer and cancer-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hirko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Huiwen Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health and Sealy Center On Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Q Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michelle Y Martin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly M Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems & Policy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Shannon M Christy
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kimlin Tam Ashing
- Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jean C Yi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marquita W Lewis-Thames
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cathy D Meade
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clement K Gwede
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julianna Nemeth
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel M Ceballos
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Usha Menon
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Katie Cueva
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Karen Yeary
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lisa M Klesges
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Monica L Baskin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kassandra I Alcaraz
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Ford
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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8
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Merlo A, Severeijns NR, Hendriksen PA, Benson S, Scholey A, Garssen J, Bruce G, Verster JC. Alcohol Consumption on the Heaviest Drinking Occasion and Hangovers during the First Dutch COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074301. [PMID: 35409981 PMCID: PMC8998255 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare alcohol consumption between the heaviest drinking occasion in the period before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown (15 January–14 March 2020) and the first COVID-19 lockdown period (15 March–11 May 2020) in the Netherlands, including the presence and severity of associated hangovers. The analysis included a sub-sample from the “Corona Lockdown: how fit are you?” (CLOFIT) study, comprising N = 761 participants who reported consuming alcohol in 2020. Overall, on the heaviest drinking occasion during the first COVID-19 lockdown period a significant reduction in number of alcoholic drinks consumed on the heaviest drinking occasion, drinking duration, and estimated BAC was observed. A significant reduction was also observed for subjective intoxication and next-day hangover severity. During the lockdown period, a significant reduction in the frequency of alcohol hangovers was reported. Several age and sex differences were observed. Specifically, men consumed significantly more alcohol than women and experienced hangovers significantly more frequently, both before and during the lockdown. With regard to age, young adults (18–35 years old) significantly reduced their alcohol intake on the heaviest drinking occasion during the lockdown and also reported lower ratings of subjective intoxication and hangover severity. No significant changes were seen for individuals above 35 years old. In conclusion, the first COVID-19 lockdown in the Netherlands was associated with reduced alcohol intake on the heaviest drinking occasion and a reduction in the severity of hangovers, particularly among young male adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Merlo
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.A.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Noortje R Severeijns
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.A.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Pauline A Hendriksen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.A.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Sarah Benson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.A.H.); (J.G.)
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Nutricia Danone Research, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gillian Bruce
- Division of Psychology and Social Work, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK;
| | - Joris C Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (N.R.S.); (P.A.H.); (J.G.)
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Thompson JA, Chollet-Hinton L, Keighley J, Chang A, Mudaranthakam DP, Streeter D, Hu J, Park M, Gajewski B. The need to study rural cancer outcome disparities at the local level: a retrospective cohort study in Kansas and Missouri. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2154. [PMID: 34819024 PMCID: PMC8611913 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rural residence is commonly thought to be a risk factor for poor cancer outcomes. However, a number of studies have reported seemingly conflicting information regarding cancer outcome disparities with respect to rural residence, with some suggesting that the disparity is not present and others providing inconsistent evidence that either urban or rural residence is associated with poorer outcomes. We suggest a simple explanation for these seeming contradictions: namely that rural cancer outcome disparities are related to factors that occur differentially at a local level, such as environmental exposures, lack of access to care or screening, and socioeconomic factors, which differ by type of cancer. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining ten cancers treated at the University of Kansas Medical Center from 2011 to 2018, with individuals from either rural or urban residences. We defined urban residences as those in a county with a U.S. Department of Agriculture Urban Influence Code (UIC) of 1 or 2, with all other residences defines a rural. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to create a pseudo-sample balanced for covariates deemed likely to affect the outcomes modeled with cumulative link and weighted Cox-proportional hazards models. Results We found that rural residence is not a simple risk factor but rather appears to play a complex role in cancer outcome disparities. Specifically, rural residence is associated with higher stage at diagnosis and increased survival hazards for colon cancer but decreased risk for lung cancer compared to urban residence. Conclusion Many cancers are affected by unique social and environmental factors that may vary between rural and urban residents, such as access to care, diet, and lifestyle. Our results show that rurality can increase or decrease risk, depending on cancer site, which suggests the need to consider the factors connected to rurality that influence this complex pattern. Thus, we argue that such disparities must be studied at the local level to identify and design appropriate interventions to improve cancer outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12190-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Lynn Chollet-Hinton
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John Keighley
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Audrey Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dinesh Pal Mudaranthakam
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - David Streeter
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Jinxiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Michele Park
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Byron Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mail Stop 1026, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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10
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Donat M, Barrio G, Pulido J, Pérez C, Belza MJ, Regidor E. The limits of measuring binge drinking prevalence for epidemiological surveillance: An example from Spain. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109022. [PMID: 34507008 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The public health impact of binge drinking depends on its population prevalence and its frequency and intensity among binge drinkers. The objective is to assess the consistency of time trends and age-sex disparities between binge-drinking prevalence and binge-drinking exposure indicators that combine such prevalence with the number of binge-drinking days among binge drinkers. METHODS Data come from 11 biennial national household surveys from 1997 to 2017 in young (15-34 years) and middle-aged adults (35-64 years) in Spain (n = 211,961). Binge-drinking was the intake of 5+ standard drinks (4+ in women from 2009 onwards) in approximately two hours. Three monthly indicators were analyzed: binge-drinking prevalence, population rate of binge-drinking days, and proportion of drinking days with binge drinking. Results were stratified for sex and two age groups. Annual percent changes (APCs), ratios of young to middle-aged people (age ratios) and men-to-women ratios were obtained from negative binomial regression. RESULTS Although the three indicators showed considerable consistency as an intense increase in binge drinking from 2009 to 2017 among middle-aged people, especially women, there were relevant inconsistencies. In 2009-2017 the APCs for prevalence and rate were +1.3 % and -1.6 %, respectively, in young women, and -0.6 % and -3.0 % in young men. Age ratios were significantly higher for prevalence and proportional ratio than rates, while men-to-women ratios were lower, especially in middle-aged people. CONCLUSIONS Adequate monitoring of binge drinking should incorporate indicators of absolute exposure, which better reflect its impact on public health, such as the population rate of binge-drinking days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Donat
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Barrio
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Pulido
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - César Pérez
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María J Belza
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Regidor
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Legault LM, Doiron K, Breton-Larrivée M, Langford-Avelar A, Lemieux A, Caron M, Jerome-Majewska LA, Sinnett D, McGraw S. Pre-implantation alcohol exposure induces lasting sex-specific DNA methylation programming errors in the developing forebrain. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:164. [PMID: 34425890 PMCID: PMC8381495 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal alcohol exposure is recognized for altering DNA methylation profiles of brain cells during development, and to be part of the molecular basis underpinning Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) etiology. However, we have negligible information on the effects of alcohol exposure during pre-implantation, the early embryonic window marked with dynamic DNA methylation reprogramming, and on how this may rewire the brain developmental program. Results Using a pre-clinical in vivo mouse model, we show that a binge-like alcohol exposure during pre-implantation at the 8-cell stage leads to surge in morphological brain defects and adverse developmental outcomes during fetal life. Genome-wide DNA methylation analyses of fetal forebrains uncovered sex-specific alterations, including partial loss of DNA methylation maintenance at imprinting control regions, and abnormal de novo DNA methylation profiles in various biological pathways (e.g., neural/brain development). Conclusion These findings support that alcohol-induced DNA methylation programming deviations during pre-implantation could contribute to the manifestation of neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with FASD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01151-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Legault
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - K Doiron
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - M Breton-Larrivée
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - A Langford-Avelar
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - A Lemieux
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - M Caron
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - L A Jerome-Majewska
- McGill University Health Centre Glen Site, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - D Sinnett
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - S McGraw
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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12
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Blair AL, Chiaf AL, Crockett EK, Teague TK, Croff JM. Validation of hair ethyl glucuronide using transdermal monitoring and self-reported alcohol use in women of childbearing potential. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021. [PMID: 33650766 DOI: 10.1002/np2.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of hair ethyl glucuronide concentrations compared with transdermal alcohol concentration and self-reported alcohol use. METHODS This trial included 25 adolescent and young adult females, aged 16-24, who reported at least one heavy drinking episode (≥4 drinks) in the two weeks prior to baseline. All participants were asked to wear an alcohol biosensor over a one-month prospective study. Detailed self-report of drinking behaviors was assessed weekly. Estimates of blood alcohol concentration were computed from self-report data using the National Highway and Transportation Safety Administration equation. Transdermal alcohol concentration and estimated blood alcohol concentration data were categorized into at-risk (>0.05 g/dL alcohol) and high-risk (>0.08 g/dL alcohol) drinking events. Hair ethyl glucuronide concentration, total number of drinking events, moderate (>0.05 g/dL) and high level (>0.08 g/dL) of transdermal alcohol concentration, and estimated blood alcohol concentration drinking events were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation test for validity comparisons. RESULTS No significant correlations were found between hair ethyl glucuronide values and total number, and moderate or high levels of detected drinking events by estimated blood alcohol concentration or transdermal alcohol concentration. Total number of drinking events detected and number of drinking events >0.08 g/dL using estimated blood alcohol concentration and transdermal alcohol concentration methods were significantly correlated with each other (respectively, R = .33, P < .05; R = .42, P < .05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that, due to the number of false negatives, hair ethyl glucuronide concentrations should be used with caution for monitoring abstinence from alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Blair
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, National Center for Wellness & Recovery, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ashleigh L Chiaf
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, National Center for Wellness & Recovery, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Erica K Crockett
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, National Center for Wellness & Recovery, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Tracy Kent Teague
- Integrative Immunology Lab, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma-Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Julie M Croff
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, National Center for Wellness & Recovery, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
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13
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Ton M, Widener MJ, James P, VoPham T. Food Environments and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115740. [PMID: 34071856 PMCID: PMC8198353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Research into the potential impact of the food environment on liver cancer incidence has been limited, though there is evidence showing that specific foods and nutrients may be potential risk or preventive factors. Data on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries. The county-level food environment was assessed using the Modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI), a continuous score that measures the number of healthy and less healthy food retailers within counties. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between mRFEI scores and HCC risk, adjusting for individual- and county-level factors. The county-level food environment was not associated with HCC risk after adjustment for individual-level age at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, year, and SEER registry and county-level measures for health conditions, lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic status (adjusted IRR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.01). The county-level food environment, measured using mRFEI scores, was not associated with HCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Ton
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-503-810-8842
| | - Michael J. Widener
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada;
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trang VoPham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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14
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Bandi P, Minihan AK, Siegel RL, Islami F, Nargis N, Jemal A, Fedewa SA. Updated Review of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test Use in the United States in 2018 and 2019, with a Focus on Smoking Cessation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1287-1299. [PMID: 34011554 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer prevention and early detection efforts are central to reducing cancer burden. Herein, we present estimates of cancer risk factors and screening tests in 2018 and 2019 among US adults, with a focus on smoking cessation. Cigarette smoking reached a historic low in 2019 (14.2%) partly because 61.7% (54.9 million) of all persons who had ever smoked had quit. Yet, the quit ratio was <45% among lower-income, uninsured, and Medicaid-insured persons, and was <55% among Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, lower-educated, lesbian, gay or bisexual, and recent immigrant persons, and in 12 of 17 Southern states. Obesity levels remain high (2017-2018: 42.4%) and were disproportionately higher among Black (56.9%) and Hispanic (43.7%) women. HPV vaccination in adolescents 13 to 17 years remains underutilized and over 40% were not up-to-date in 2019. Cancer screening prevalence was suboptimal in 2018 (colorectal cancer ≥50 years: 65.6%; breast ≥45 years: 63.2%; cervical 21-65 years: 83.7%), especially among uninsured adults (colorectal: 29.8%; breast: 31.1%). This snapshot of cancer prevention and early detection measures was mixed, and substantial racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities persisted. However, gains could be accelerated with targeted interventions to increase smoking cessation in under-resourced populations, stem the obesity epidemic, and improve screening and HPV vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Bandi
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Adair K Minihan
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Farhad Islami
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nigar Nargis
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stacey A Fedewa
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Blair AL, Chiaf AL, Crockett EK, Teague TK, Croff JM. Validation of hair ethyl glucuronide using transdermal monitoring and self-reported alcohol use in women of childbearing potential. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021; 41:144-151. [PMID: 33650766 PMCID: PMC8340845 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of hair ethyl glucuronide concentrations compared with transdermal alcohol concentration and self‐reported alcohol use. Methods This trial included 25 adolescent and young adult females, aged 16‐24, who reported at least one heavy drinking episode (≥4 drinks) in the two weeks prior to baseline. All participants were asked to wear an alcohol biosensor over a one‐month prospective study. Detailed self‐report of drinking behaviors was assessed weekly. Estimates of blood alcohol concentration were computed from self‐report data using the National Highway and Transportation Safety Administration equation. Transdermal alcohol concentration and estimated blood alcohol concentration data were categorized into at‐risk (>0.05 g/dL alcohol) and high‐risk (>0.08 g/dL alcohol) drinking events. Hair ethyl glucuronide concentration, total number of drinking events, moderate (>0.05 g/dL) and high level (>0.08 g/dL) of transdermal alcohol concentration, and estimated blood alcohol concentration drinking events were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation test for validity comparisons. Results No significant correlations were found between hair ethyl glucuronide values and total number, and moderate or high levels of detected drinking events by estimated blood alcohol concentration or transdermal alcohol concentration. Total number of drinking events detected and number of drinking events >0.08 g/dL using estimated blood alcohol concentration and transdermal alcohol concentration methods were significantly correlated with each other (respectively, R = .33, P < .05; R = .42, P < .05). Conclusion Our findings indicate that, due to the number of false negatives, hair ethyl glucuronide concentrations should be used with caution for monitoring abstinence from alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Blair
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, National Center for Wellness & Recovery, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Ashleigh L Chiaf
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, National Center for Wellness & Recovery, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Erica K Crockett
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, National Center for Wellness & Recovery, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Tracy Kent Teague
- Integrative Immunology Lab, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma-Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Julie M Croff
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, National Center for Wellness & Recovery, Tulsa, OK, USA.,Department of Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
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16
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Goldberg D, Ross-Driscoll K, Lynch R. County Differences in Liver Mortality in the United States: Impact of Sociodemographics, Disease Risk Factors, and Access to Care. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1140-1150.e1. [PMID: 33220253 PMCID: PMC8650724 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Data have demonstrated state-wide variability in mortality rates from liver disease (cirrhosis + hepatocellular carcinoma), but data are lacking at the local level (eg, county) to identify factors associated with variability in liver disease-related mortality and hotspots of liver disease mortality. METHODS We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research data from 2009 to 2018 to calculate county-level, age-adjusted liver disease-related death rates. We fit multivariable linear regression models to adjust for county-level covariates related to demographics (ie, race and ethnicity), medical comorbidities (eg, obesity), access to care (eg, uninsured rate), and geographic (eg, distance to closest liver transplant center) variables. We used optimized hotspot analysis to identify clusters of liver disease mortality hotspots based on the final multivariable models. RESULTS In multivariable models, 61% of the variability in among-county mortality was explained by county-level race/ethnicity, poverty, uninsured rates, distance to the closest transplant center, and local rates of obesity, diabetes, and alcohol use. Despite adjustment, significant within-state variability in county-level mortality rates was found. Of counties in the top fifth percentile (ie, highest mortality) of fully adjusted mortality, 60% were located in 3 states: Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico. Adjusted mortality rates were highly spatially correlated, representing 5 clusters: South Florida; Appalachia and the eastern part of the Midwest; Texas and Oklahoma; New Mexico, Arizona, California, and southern Oregon; and parts of Washington and Montana. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate significant intrastate differences in liver disease-related mortality, with more than 60% of the variability explained by patient demographics, clinical risk factors for liver disease, and access to specialty liver care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goldberg
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Katherine Ross-Driscoll
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Raymond Lynch
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Towle KM, Benson SM, Egnot NS, Marsh GM. An Ecological Evaluation of Vinyl Chloride Exposure and Liver Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Texas. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:99-105. [PMID: 33604260 PMCID: PMC7868703 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the association between county-level ambient vinyl chloride (VC) and county-level liver cancer incidence and mortality rates in Texas. Modeled county-level ambient VC data were obtained from the National Air Toxics Assessment. Age-adjusted county-level liver cancer incidence rates were abstracted from the Texas Cancer Registry and age-standardized county-level liver cancer mortality rates were obtained from the peer-reviewed literature. Multivariable imputation was utilized to impute incidence rates in counties with suppressed liver cancer incidence rates. Negative binomial and Poisson regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between county-level ambient VC and county-level liver cancer incidence and mortality rates, respectively, adjusted for county-level heavy drinking prevalence, hepatitis mortality rates, median income, and race (percent Hispanic). County-level ambient VC was not associated with county-level liver cancer incidence or mortality rates. Specifically, when compared to the lowest tertile of ambient VC, the middle (relative risk [RR]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95-1.19) and highest (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.90-1.17) tertiles of ambient VC were not associated with liver cancer incidence. Similarly, county-level ambient VC in the middle (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.85-1.05) and highest (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.82-1.05) tertiles were not associated with liver cancer mortality. This analysis suggests that county-level ambient VC is not associated with liver cancer incidence or mortality in Texas. Our study provides novel results regarding liver cancer risk from low-level non-occupational exposure to ambient VC.
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18
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Coleman NC, Ezzati M, Marshall JD, Robinson AL, Burnett RT, Pope CA. Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Mortality Risk Among US Cancer Patients and Survivors. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab001. [PMID: 33644681 PMCID: PMC7898081 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution has been linked to increased risk of mortality, especially cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality. It is unknown if cancer patients and survivors are especially vulnerable to PM2.5 air pollution exposure. This study evaluates PM2.5 exposure and risk for cancer and cardiopulmonary mortality in cohorts of US cancer patients and survivors. Methods A primary cohort of 5 591 168 of cancer patients and a 5-year survivor cohort of 2 318 068 was constructed using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data from 2000 to 2016, linked with county-level estimates of long-term average concentrations of PM2.5. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate PM2.5-mortality hazard ratios controlling for age-sex-race combinations and individual and county-level covariables. Results Of those who died, 26% died of noncancer causes, mostly from cardiopulmonary disease. Minimal PM2.5-mortality associations were observed for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 1.03) per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Substantial adverse PM2.5-mortality associations were observed for cardiovascular (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.26 to 1.39), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.20), influenza and pneumonia (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.33 to 1.80), and cardiopulmonary mortality combined (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.30). PM2.5-cardiopulmonary mortality hazard ratio was higher for cancer patients who received chemotherapy or radiation treatments. Conclusions Air pollution is adversely associated with cardiopulmonary mortality for cancer patients and survivors, especially those who received chemotherapy or radiation treatment. Given ubiquitous and involuntary air pollution exposures and large numbers of cancer patients and survivors, these results are of substantial clinical and public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Coleman
- Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Majid Ezzati
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julian D Marshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allen L Robinson
- Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - C Arden Pope
- Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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19
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Trub L, Doyle KM, Parker V, Starks TJ. Drunk Texting: When the Phone Becomes a Vehicle for Emotional Dysregulation and Problematic Alcohol Use. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1815-1824. [PMID: 34353214 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1954027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Drunk texting is an understudied phenomenon, despite its ubiquity and evidence suggesting it may be implicated in heavy drinking. Research on texting motivations and use of the phone as a tool for self-regulation also represent newly emerging areas of study. Objective/Method: The goal of the current study was to examine how drunk texting relates to drinking based on difficulties in emotional regulation and texting motivations in a sample of 2,559 women. Results: Drunk texting predicted heavy drinking. Emotional regulation difficulties (specifically, lack of access to strategies and lack of emotional clarity) predicted reliance on texting to escape as well as to facilitate self-expression. Further, indirect associations found that texting to escape strengthened the association between emotional regulation difficulties and drunk texting, while texting as a form of self-expression buffered against this association. Conclusions: These results highlight the extent to which problematic drinking and drunk texting have overlapping associations with emotional regulation, which can result from the presence of certain motivations for text messaging. Implications are discussed for interventions targeting the use of both phones and alcohol to escape, and increasing awareness of emotional states that might trigger such behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora Trub
- Pace University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Kendell M Doyle
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Tyrel J Starks
- Health Psychology and Clinical Science Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Carey W. Know When to Hold 'em, Know When to Treat 'em, Know When to Cut 'em: Why Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis Is Becoming a Surgical Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:3431-3433. [PMID: 32270305 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Carey
- Hepatology Section Clevel and Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve Univeristy School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA.
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21
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Shen NT, Bray J, Wahid NA, Raver M, Hutchison N, Brown RS, Schackman BR. Evaluation of Alcohol Taxes as a Public Health Opportunity to Reduce Liver Transplant Listings for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2307-2315. [PMID: 32944958 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a leading indication for liver transplantation. METHODS State consumption of spirits, wine, and beer was determined from published sources. Excise and ad valorem alcohol taxes of spirits, wine, and beer were calculated following standard practices and correlated using multiple logistic regression models to 2002 to 2015 ALD transplant listing data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database. RESULTS 21.22% (29,161/137,440) of transplant listings were for ALD. Increased consumption of spirits was associated with increased ALD transplant listings (odds ratio [OR]: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.49, p = 0.01), but wine and beer consumption did not have a statistically significant association with ALD transplant listings. Spirits excise taxes on- and off-premise were inversely associated with ALD transplant listing (OR: 0.79 and 0.82, respectively, both p < 0.02). Beer and wine taxes were not significantly associated with ALD transplant listings. CONCLUSIONS Transplant listings for ALD are directly associated with spirit consumption and inversely associated with spirits excise taxes. These findings suggest a possible public health benefit of increasing excise taxes for spirits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Shen
- From the, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, (NTS, MR, NH, RSB), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jeremy Bray
- Department of Economics, (JB), University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Nabeel A Wahid
- Department of Internal Medicine, (NAW), Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Michael Raver
- From the, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, (NTS, MR, NH, RSB), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas Hutchison
- From the, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, (NTS, MR, NH, RSB), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Robert S Brown
- From the, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, (NTS, MR, NH, RSB), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bruce R Schackman
- Department of Healthcare Policy & Research, (BRS), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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22
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Monyeki KD, Siweya HJ, Kemper HCG, Kengne AP, Musinguzi G, Nkwana MR, Mothiba T, Malatji T, Baloyi SMA, Malema R, Leach L, Matshipi M, Sebati RB, Seloka MA, Sibuyi E, Monyeki SM. The Relationship between Binge Drinking and Metabolic Syndrome Components amongst Young Adults Aged 21 to 31 Years: Ellisras Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7484. [PMID: 33076216 PMCID: PMC7650754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is lacking on the effects of binge alcohol consumption on metabolic syndrome in the rural South African population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between binge drinking and components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) amongst Ellisras rural young adults aged 21 to 31 years who are part of the Ellisras Longitudinal Study. METHODS Logistic regression analysis was applied to a total of 624 participants (306 males and 318 females) aged 21 to 31 years who took part in the Ellisras Longitudinal Study (ELS). The model was adjusted for covariates, including smoking, age, and gender. Binge alcohol consumption was assessed using a standardised questionnaire that was validated for the Ellisras rural community. A standardised method of determining the components MetS was used after fasting blood samples were collected from all the participants. RESULTS Binge drinking remained significantly associated with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.23-5.65), after being adjusted for smoking, age, and gender. Other MetS components were not predicted. Instead, gender remained significantly associated with all MetS components, except triglycerides, at multivariate analysis. Age retained significance at multivariate analysis with waist girth (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.37-3.34), triglycerides (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.05-5.02), and the MetS composite (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.12-2.41). CONCLUSION Binge drinking was significantly associated with lower levels of HDL-C. Future studies should investigate the relationship between alcohol abuse and the components of incident MetS in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotsedi Daniel Monyeki
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Hlengani James Siweya
- Executive Dean Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - Han C. G. Kemper
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1218 HD Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Geofrey Musinguzi
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala 7072, Uganda;
- Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Mbelegem Rosina Nkwana
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Tebogo Mothiba
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - Tumiso Malatji
- Department of Health, Polokwane Provincial Hospital, Polokwane 0700, South Africa;
| | - Shisana M.-A. Baloyi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Posbus 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Rambelani Malema
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa;
| | - Lloyd Leach
- Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Moloko Matshipi
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Ramakgahlela Betty Sebati
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Mohlago Ablonia Seloka
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Eliot Sibuyi
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Suzan Mafoloa Monyeki
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (M.R.N.); (M.M.); (R.B.S.); (M.A.S.); (E.S.); (S.M.M.)
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Yoon YH, Chen CM, Slater ME, Jung MK, White AM. Trends in Premature Deaths From Alcoholic Liver Disease in the U.S., 1999-2018. Am J Prev Med 2020; 59:469-480. [PMID: 32863077 PMCID: PMC7508789 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION So-called deaths of despair-those involving drug overdoses, alcohol-related liver disease, and suicide-have been rising in the U.S. among middle-aged white, non-Hispanic adults without a college degree. Premature deaths (ages 25-69) from alcoholic liver disease were examined specifically in this study from 1999 to 2018, by sex, race/Hispanic origin, and age group. METHODS Data were drawn from the 1999-2018 Multiple Cause of Death database and bridged-race estimates of the U.S. resident population, including 281,243 alcoholic liver disease deaths or an average of 8 deaths per 100,000 population. Analyses examined alcoholic liver disease death rates for sex differences among 3 age groups (25-49, 50-59, and 60-69 years), by race and Hispanic origin, from 1999 to 2018; age-adjusted and age-specific annual percentage changes (accounted for cohorts); years of potential life lost; and age of death for sociodemographic backgrounds, alcoholic liver disease clinical courses, and comortalities. RESULTS White non-Hispanics increasingly experienced greater alcoholic liver disease mortality than black non-Hispanics and Hispanics, confirming the racial and ethnic crossover observed in previous studies. Although men consistently had higher rates of mortality, male-to-female ratios decreased in the past 2 decades and were the lowest among ages 25-49 years and especially among ages 25-34 years. Although women generally had longer life expectancies, women died of alcoholic liver disease on average about 2-3 years earlier than men. CONCLUSIONS Prevention and intervention efforts are imperative to address the narrowing sex gap and widening racial disparities in alcoholic liver disease premature deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M Katherine Jung
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aaron M White
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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24
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Coleman NC, Burnett RT, Ezzati M, Marshall JD, Robinson AL, Pope CA. Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Cancer Incidence: Analysis of SEER Cancer Registry Data from 1992-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:107004. [PMID: 33035119 PMCID: PMC7546438 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has identified an association between fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) air pollution and lung cancer. Most of the evidence for this association, however, is based on research using lung cancer mortality, not incidence. Research that examines potential associations between PM 2.5 and incidence of non-lung cancers is limited. OBJECTIVES The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the incidence of cancer and exposure to PM 2.5 using > 8.5 million cases of cancer incidences from U.S. registries. Secondary objectives include evaluating the sensitivity of the associations to model selection, spatial control, and latency period as well as estimating the exposure-response relationship for several cancer types. METHODS Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data were used to calculate incidence rates for various cancer types in 607 U.S. counties. County-level PM 2.5 concentrations were estimated using integrated empirical geographic regression models. Flexible semi-nonparametric regression models were used to estimate associations between PM 2.5 and cancer incidence for selected cancers while controlling for important county-level covariates. Primary time-independent models using average incidence rates from 1992-2016 and average PM 2.5 from 1988-2015 were estimated. In addition, time-varying models using annual incidence rates from 2002-2011 and lagged moving averages of annual estimates for PM 2.5 were also estimated. RESULTS The incidences of all cancer and lung cancer were consistently associated with PM 2.5 . The incident rate ratios (IRRs), per 10 - μ g / m 3 increase in PM 2.5 , for all and lung cancer were 1.09 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.14) and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.30), respectively. Less robust associations were observed with oral, rectal, liver, skin, breast, and kidney cancers. DISCUSSION Exposure to PM 2.5 air pollution contributes to lung cancer incidence and is potentially associated with non-lung cancer incidence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7246.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Majid Ezzati
- Medical Research Council–Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julian D. Marshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allen L. Robinson
- Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C. Arden Pope
- Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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25
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Arora A, Spatz ES, Herrin J, Riley C, Roy B, Rula EY, Kell KP, Krumholz HM. Identifying characteristics of high-poverty counties in the United States with high well-being: an observational cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035645. [PMID: 32948545 PMCID: PMC7500307 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify county characteristics associated with high versus low well-being among high-poverty counties. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study at the county level to investigate the associations of 29 county characteristics with the odds of a high-poverty county reporting population well-being in the top quintile versus the bottom quintile of well-being in the USA. County characteristics representing key determinants of health were drawn from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation County Health Rankings and Roadmaps population health model. SETTING Counties in the USA that are in the highest quartile of poverty rate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Gallup-Sharecare Well-being Index, a comprehensive population-level measure of physical, mental and social health. Counties were classified as having a well-being index score in the top or bottom 20% of all counties in the USA. RESULTS Among 770 high-poverty counties, 72 were categorised as having high well-being and 311 as having low well-being. The high-well-being counties had a mean well-being score of 71.8 with a SD of 2.3, while the low-well-being counties had a mean well-being score of 60.2 with a SD of 2.8. Among the six domains of well-being, basic access, which includes access to housing and healthcare, and life evaluation, which includes life satisfaction and optimism, differed the most between high-being and low-well-being counties. Among 29 county characteristics tested, six were independently and significantly associated with high well-being (p<0.05). These were lower rates of preventable hospital stays, higher supply of primary care physicians, lower prevalence of smoking, lower physical inactivity, higher percentage of some college education and higher percentage of heavy drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Among 770 high-poverty counties, approximately 9% outperformed expectations, reporting a collective well-being score in the top 20% of all counties in the USA. High-poverty counties reporting high well-being differed from high-poverty counties reporting low well-being in several characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erica S Spatz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeph Herrin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carley Riley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brita Roy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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26
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Subbaraman MS, Ye Y, Martinez P, Mulia N, Kerr WC. Improving the Validity of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Alcohol Measures. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:892-899. [PMID: 32030773 PMCID: PMC7166177 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valid measurement of alcohol use can be difficult in surveys, which are subject to biases like underreporting and differential nonresponse. Still, monitoring trends, policy impacts, disparities, and related issues all require valid individual- and state-level drinking data collected over time. Here, we propose a double-adjustment approach for improving the validity of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) alcohol measures. METHODS Validity analyses of the 1999 to 2016 BRFSS, a general population survey of U.S. adults. Measures are aggregated to state level for N = 918 observations, single-adjusted for BRFSS methodologic changes, and double-adjusted by per capita consumption. Fixed-effects models: (i) assess predictive validity using adjusted BRFSS drink volume to predict mortality outcomes and (ii) assess outcome validity using state-level alcohol taxes to predict adjusted BRFSS volume. RESULTS Neither the raw nor the single-adjusted BRFSS drinking measures were related to mortality in the expected direction, while double-adjusted BRFSS volume and 5+ days were significantly positively related to mortality, as expected. Spirits and beer taxes were not related to single-adjusted BRFSS drinking in the expected direction. However, spirits and beer taxes were both significantly related to double-adjusted BRFSS volume in the expected directions. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should consider using the double-adjusted BRFSS measures to ensure the validity of drinking survey data in analyses where variation over time is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Ye
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA
| | | | - Nina Mulia
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA
| | - William C. Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA
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27
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Henley SJ, Thomas CC, Lewis DR, Ward EM, Islami F, Wu M, Weir HK, Scott S, Sherman RL, Ma J, Kohler BA, Cronin K, Jemal A, Benard VB, Richardson LC. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part II: Progress toward Healthy People 2020 objectives for 4 common cancers. Cancer 2020; 126:2250-2266. [PMID: 32162329 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate to provide annual updates on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States and to address a special topic of interest. Part I of this report focuses on national cancer statistics, and part 2 characterizes progress in achieving select Healthy People 2020 cancer objectives. METHODS For this report, the authors selected objectives-including death rates, cancer screening, and major risk factors-related to 4 common cancers (lung, colorectal, female breast, and prostate). Baseline values, recent values, and the percentage change from baseline to recent values were examined overall and by select sociodemographic characteristics. Data from national surveillance systems were obtained from the Healthy People 2020 website. RESULTS Targets for death rates were met overall and in most sociodemographic groups, but not among males, blacks, or individuals in rural areas, although these groups did experience larger decreases in rates compared with other groups. During 2007 through 2017, cancer death rates decreased 15% overall, ranging from -4% (rural) to -22% (metropolitan). Targets for breast and colorectal cancer screening were not yet met overall or in any sociodemographic groups except those with the highest educational attainment, whereas lung cancer screening was generally low (<10%). Targets were not yet met overall for cigarette smoking, recent smoking cessation, excessive alcohol use, or obesity but were met for secondhand smoke exposure and physical activity. Some sociodemographic groups did not meet targets or had less improvement than others toward reaching objectives. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring trends in cancer risk factors, screening test use, and mortality can help assess the progress made toward decreasing the cancer burden in the United States. Although many interventions to reduce cancer risk factors and promote healthy behaviors are proven to work, they may not be equitably applied or work well in every community. Implementing cancer prevention and control interventions that are sustainable, focused, and culturally appropriate may boost success in communities with the greatest need, ensuring that all Americans can access a path to long, healthy, cancer-free lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cheryll C Thomas
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Denise Riedel Lewis
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Ward
- North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Farhad Islami
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Manxia Wu
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hannah K Weir
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan Scott
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Recinda L Sherman
- North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Jiemin Ma
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Betsy A Kohler
- North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Kathleen Cronin
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vicki B Benard
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisa C Richardson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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28
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De Nobrega AK, Luz KV, Lyons KN, Lyons LC. Investigating Alcohol Behavior and Physiology Using Drosophila melanogaster. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2138:135-158. [PMID: 32219744 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0471-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, is one of the most versatile models for biomedical studies due to the economical husbandry, rapid generation time, and the array of tools for spatial and temporal gene manipulation. The relatively short lifespan of Drosophila (60-80 days) and the high degree of molecular conservation across species make Drosophila ideal to study the complexities of aging. Alcohol is the most abused drug worldwide and alcohol use disorders represent a significant public health problem and economic burden to individuals and society. Stereotypical alcohol-induced behaviors and the underlying molecular mechanisms are conserved from flies to humans making Drosophila a practical model for investigating the development of alcohol-induced behaviors and alcohol pathologies. Here, we outline how to assemble an efficient and controlled alcohol vapor delivery system, the FlyBar, and review paradigms and protocols for the assessment of alcohol-induced behaviors and physiology in Drosophila including the loss-of-righting reflex, sedation, tolerance, alcohol metabolism, and gut permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K De Nobrega
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kristine V Luz
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Katherine N Lyons
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Lisa C Lyons
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Abstract
Background: Alcohol misuse is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the United States each year. Objectives: In the present study, we examine trends in binge and heavy drinking. We used data from the 2011-2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. For trend analyses, we used logistic regression for heavy drinking and binge drinking variables. Joinpoint model analysis was conducted to identify where significant changes in trend occurred. Results: The trend analysis indicated that the overall prevalence of binge drinking decreased significantly from 18.3% in 2011 to 16.0% in 2014, then increased significantly to 17.0% in 2017. This trend was also found for heavy drinking, with a significant decrease from 6.6% in 2011 to 5.8% in 2014, then increased significantly to 6.2% in 2017. This trend persisted for certain subgroups; males, females, White participants, and the 35-54 age group all had a similar decrease in prevalence followed by an increase from 2014-2017. Conclusions: Overall, our results indicate a recent significant increase in both binge and heavy drinking among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Azagba
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lingpeng Shan
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Keely Latham
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lauren Manzione
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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30
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Knapp EA, Bilal U, Dean LT, Lazo M, Celentano DD. Economic Insecurity and Deaths of Despair in US Counties. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:2131-2139. [PMID: 31172197 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has implicated economic insecurity in increasing midlife death rates and "deaths of despair," including suicide, chronic liver disease, and drug and alcohol poisoning. In this ecological longitudinal study, we evaluated the association between changes in economic insecurity and increases in deaths of despair and midlife all-cause mortality in US counties during 2000-2015. We extended a previously developed measure of economic insecurity using indicators from the Census and Federal Reserve Bank in US counties for the years 2000 and 2010. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association of change in economic insecurity with change in death rates through 2015. Counties experiencing elevated economic insecurity in either 2000 or 2010 had higher rates of deaths of despair and all-cause midlife mortality at baseline but similar rates of increase in deaths of despair from 2001 to 2015 compared with counties with stable low economic insecurity. Counties in the highest tertile of economic insecurity in 2000 and 2010 had 41% (95% confidence interval: 1.36, 1.47) higher midlife mortality rates at baseline and a rate of increase of 2% more per 5-year period (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.03) than counties with stable low economic insecurity. Economic insecurity may represent a population-level driver of US death trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Knapp
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Usama Bilal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lorraine T Dean
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David D Celentano
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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31
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LaBrie JW, Boyle S, Earle A, Almstedt HC. Heavy Episodic Drinking Is Associated With Poorer Bone Health in Adolescent and Young Adult Women. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019; 79:391-398. [PMID: 29885146 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a costly bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) that primarily affects postmenopausal women. One factor that may lead to osteoporosis is a failure to reach peak bone mass (PBM) in early adulthood. In older adults and animal models, heavy episodic drinking (HED) has been found to predict failure to reach PBM. However, this relationship has yet to be investigated in adolescent human females. METHOD Female college students (N = 87; 60% White) reported age at menarche, hormonal contraceptive use, physical activity, smoking habits, and HED history via an online survey and then received a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry bone scan to assess both lean body mass and BMD at the lumbar spine. RESULTS Frequent HED (having four or more drinks within 2 hours on 115 or more occasions since the start of high school, which is approximately equal to 1.6 episodes per month over this period) was associated with decreased vertebral BMD even when variables most commonly associated with bone health (lean body mass, physical activity, age at menarche, smoking, and oral contraception use) were controlled for. However, early HED initiation (beginning HED at age 15 years or younger) was not significantly related to BMD. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to assess the impacts of early HED initiation and frequent HED during adolescence on the bone health of young women. Results suggest frequency of HED before reaching PBM, but not age at initiation, may be negatively related to skeletal health during young adulthood. These findings encourage research into the association between HED and BMD in late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah Boyle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew Earle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hawley C Almstedt
- Department of Health and Human Sciences, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
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Snowden AJ. Exploring violence: The role of neighborhood characteristics, alcohol outlets, and other micro-places. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019; 82:181-194. [PMID: 31300078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the association between neighborhood characteristics, alcohol outlets, other micro-places, and neighborhood violence rates. Prior studies that examined the alcohol availability and violence associations suggested that alcohol outlets play an important role in violent outcomes, yet we know less about the larger environment in which alcohol outlets are located, including how the availability of other types of places that exist side by side with alcohol outlets in neighborhoods could influence the alcohol-violence relationships. I collected publicly available data on simple and aggravated assaults, neighborhood characteristics (concentrated disadvantage, concentrated immigration, residential stability, and ethnic heterogeneity), on- and off-premise outlets, and other micro-places (colleges and universities, primary and secondary schools, financial services, gas stations, hotels and motels, laundromats, parks and playgrounds, and rooming houses) and subsequently aggregated the data to Milwaukee, Wisconsin census block groups. I estimated spatially lagged regression models to test these associations and compared the results across the models. The findings show that some neighborhood characteristics and some micro-places are important predictors of neighborhood violence. Importantly, off-premise alcohol outlets have a consistently significant positive relationship with simple and aggravated assaults, even when the influence of the neighborhood characteristics and micro-places is accounted for in the models. This study contributes to the environmental criminology theories and alcohol availability theory by highlighting the importance of off-premise outlets as crime attractors and crime generators to explain violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra J Snowden
- Marquette University, Department of Social and Cultural Sciences, Lalumiere Hall 436, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
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33
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Bishehsari F, Zhang L, Voigt RM, Maltby N, Semsarieh B, Zorub E, Shaikh M, Wilber S, Armstrong AR, Mirbagheri SS, Preite NZ, Song P, Stornetta A, Balbo S, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A. Alcohol Effects on Colon Epithelium are Time-Dependent. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1898-1908. [PMID: 31237690 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol intake increases the risk of developing colon cancer. Circadian disruption promotes alcohol's effect on colon carcinogenesis through unknown mechanisms. Alcohol's metabolites induce DNA damage, an early step in carcinogenesis. We assessed the effect of time of alcohol consumption on markers of tissue damage in the colonic epithelium. METHODS Mice were treated by alcohol or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), at 4-hour intervals for 3 days, and their colons were analyzed for (i) proliferation (Ki67) and antiapoptosis (Bcl-2) markers, (ii) DNA damage (γ-H2AX), and (iii) the major acetaldehyde (AcH)-DNA adduct, N2 -ethylidene-dG. To model circadian disruption, mice were shifted once weekly for 12 h and then were sacrificed at 4-hour intervals. Samples of mice with a dysfunctional molecular clock were analyzed. The dynamics of DNA damage repair from AcH treatment as well as role of xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A (XPA) in their repair were studied in vitro. RESULTS Proliferation and survival of colonic epithelium have daily rhythmicity. Alcohol induced colonic epithelium proliferation in a time-dependent manner, with a stronger effect during the light/rest period. Alcohol-associated DNA damage also occurred more when alcohol was given at light. Levels of DNA adduct did not vary by time, suggesting rather lower repair efficiency during the light versus dark. XPA gene expression, a key excision repair gene, was time-dependent, peaking at the beginning of the dark. XPA knockout colon epithelial cells were inefficient in repair of the DNA damage induced by alcohol's metabolite. CONCLUSIONS Time of day of alcohol intake may be an important determinant of colon tissue damage and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Natalie Maltby
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bita Semsarieh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eyas Zorub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sherry Wilber
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew R Armstrong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seyed Sina Mirbagheri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nailliw Z Preite
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alessia Stornetta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Kosnicki KL, Penprase JC, Cintora P, Torres PJ, Harris GL, Brasser SM, Kelley ST. Effects of moderate, voluntary ethanol consumption on the rat and human gut microbiome. Addict Biol 2019; 24:617-630. [PMID: 29750384 PMCID: PMC6230504 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many alcohol-induced health complications are directly attributable to the toxicity of alcohol or its metabolites, but another potential health impact of alcohol may be on the microbial communities of the human gut. Clear distinctions between healthy and diseased-state gut microbiota have been observed in subjects with metabolic diseases, and recent studies suggest that chronic alcoholism is linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis. Here, we investigated the effects of moderate levels of alcohol consumption on the gut microbiome in both rats and humans. The gut microbiota of rats voluntarily consuming a 20 percent ethanol solution, on alternate days, were compared with a non-exposed control group to identify differential taxonomic and functional profiles. Gut microbial diversity profiles were determined using culture-independent amplification, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence libraries. Our results showed that, compared with controls, ethanol-consuming rats experienced a significant decline in the biodiversity of their gut microbiomes, a state generally associated with dysbiosis. We also observed significant shifts in the overall diversity of the gut microbial communities and a dramatic change in the relative abundance of particular microbes, such as the Lactobacilli. We also compared our results to human fecal microbiome data collected as part of the citizen science American Gut Project. In contrast to the rat data, human drinkers had significantly higher gut microbial biodiversity than non-drinkers. However, we also observed that microbes that differed among the human subjects displayed similar trends in the rat model, including bacteria implicated in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassi L. Kosnicki
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92104 USA
| | - Jerrold C. Penprase
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182 USA
| | - Patricia Cintora
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182 USA
| | - Pedro J. Torres
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92104 USA
| | - Greg L. Harris
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92104 USA
| | - Susan M. Brasser
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182 USA
| | - Scott T. Kelley
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92104 USA
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Aung T, Hughes SM, Hone LSE, Puts DA. Operational Sex Ratio Predicts Binge Drinking Across U.S. Counties. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 17:1474704919874680. [PMID: 31564134 PMCID: PMC8211380 DOI: 10.1177/1474704919874680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests that binge drinking among young men serves as a "costly signal" to potential mates, such that the binge drinker is capable of bearing the harmful consequences of alcohol consumption. Here, we propose that binge drinking among young adults is conditionally dependent upon the signaler's willingness to take risks, which is influenced by the local operational sex ratio (OSR). Using archived binge drinking estimates from 2009 to 2012 and Census Bureau records of OSRs, we tested the relationship between OSR and binge drinking rates at the county level across 3,143 U.S. counties against hypotheses drawn from evolutionary theory. Results from our mixed-effects models revealed that a higher overall OSR (i.e., more eligible men compared to women) was associated with higher male binge drinking rates but lower female binge drinking rates. A higher OSR particularly in the 20-29 and 50+ age groups predicted higher male binge drinking rates but lower female binge drinking rates. Our findings generally support predictions derived from evolutionary theory and suggest that binge drinking may function as a costly sexual signal, conditionally regulated by age and the local sex ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toe Aung
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Susan M. Hughes
- Department of Psychology, Albright College, Reading, PA, USA
| | - Liana S. E. Hone
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David A. Puts
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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36
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Heise L, Greene ME, Opper N, Stavropoulou M, Harper C, Nascimento M, Zewdie D. Gender inequality and restrictive gender norms: framing the challenges to health. Lancet 2019; 393:2440-2454. [PMID: 31155275 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gender is not accurately captured by the traditional male and female dichotomy of sex. Instead, it is a complex social system that structures the life experience of all human beings. This paper, the first in a Series of five papers, investigates the relationships between gender inequality, restrictive gender norms, and health and wellbeing. Building upon past work, we offer a consolidated conceptual framework that shows how individuals born biologically male or female develop into gendered beings, and how sexism and patriarchy intersect with other forms of discrimination, such as racism, classism, and homophobia, to structure pathways to poor health. We discuss the ample evidence showing the far-reaching consequences of these pathways, including how gender inequality and restrictive gender norms impact health through differential exposures, health-related behaviours and access to care, as well as how gender-biased health research and health-care systems reinforce and reproduce gender inequalities, with serious implications for health. The cumulative consequences of structured disadvantage, mediated through discriminatory laws, policies, and institutions, as well as diet, stress, substance use, and environmental toxins, have triggered important discussions about the role of social injustice in the creation and maintenance of health inequities, especially along racial and socioeconomic lines. This Series paper raises the parallel question of whether discrimination based on gender likewise becomes embodied, with negative consequences for health. For decades, advocates have worked to eliminate gender discrimination in global health, with only modest success. A new plan and new political commitment are needed if these global health aspirations and the wider Sustainable Development Goals of the UN are to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Heise
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Neisha Opper
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Stavropoulou
- Programme on Gender Equality and Social Inclusion, Overseas Development Institute, London, UK
| | - Caroline Harper
- Programme on Gender Equality and Social Inclusion, Overseas Development Institute, London, UK
| | - Marcos Nascimento
- Programa de Posgraduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher, Instituto Fernandes Figueira-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Debrework Zewdie
- School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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37
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Slutske WS, Deutsch AR, Piasecki TM. Neighborhood density of alcohol outlets moderates genetic and environmental influences on alcohol problems. Addiction 2019; 114:815-822. [PMID: 30561109 DOI: 10.1111/add.14534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Geographic differences in rates of alcohol use disorder suggest that environmental factors and gene-environment interactions are likely to play an important role in its genesis. We aimed to examine whether living in a community with more alcohol outlets would facilitate the expression of the genetic propensity to develop alcohol problems. DESIGN Cross-sectional twin/sibling study. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS The participants were 18-26-year-old twin, full- and half-sibling pairs from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. MEASUREMENTS Participants completed in-home interviews in which past year alcohol problems were assessed. Alcohol outlet densities were extracted from state-level liquor license databases aggregated at the census tract level. FINDINGS There was evidence that estimates of genetic and environmental influences on alcohol problems varied as a function of the density of alcohol outlets in the community. The heritability of alcohol problems for those residing in a neighborhood with more than 10 on-premises outlets was 78% (95% confidence limits = 52-100%), compared with 11% (95% confidence limits = 0-29%) for those in a neighborhood with no on-premises outlets. This moderating effect of alcohol outlet density was not explained by state of residence, population density or neighborhood socio-demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who are genetically predisposed to develop alcohol problems may be especially sensitive to the influence of many alcohol outlets in their community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Arielle R Deutsch
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Ventura-Cots M, Watts AE, Cruz-Lemini M, Shah ND, Ndugga N, McCann P, Barritt AS, Jain A, Ravi S, Fernandez-Carrillo C, Abraldes JG, Altamirano J, Bataller R. Colder Weather and Fewer Sunlight Hours Increase Alcohol Consumption and Alcoholic Cirrhosis Worldwide. Hepatology 2019; 69:1916-1930. [PMID: 30324707 PMCID: PMC6461482 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Risk of alcoholic cirrhosis is determined by genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to investigate if climate has a causal effect on alcohol consumption and its weight on alcoholic cirrhosis. We collected extensive data from 193 sovereign countries as well as 50 states and 3,144 counties in the United States. Data sources included World Health Organization, World Meteorological Organization, and the Institute on Health Metrics and Evaluation. Climate parameters comprised Koppen-Geiger classification, average annual sunshine hours, and average annual temperature. Alcohol consumption data, pattern of drinking, health indicators, and alcohol-attributable fraction (AAF) of cirrhosis were obtained. The global cohort revealed an inverse correlation between mean average temperature and average annual sunshine hours with liters of annual alcohol consumption per capita (Spearman's rho -0.5 and -0.57, respectively). Moreover, the percentage of heavy episodic drinking and total drinkers among population inversely correlated with temperature -0.45 and -0.49 (P < 0.001) and sunshine hours -0.39 and -0.57 (P < 0.001). Importantly, AAF was inversely correlated with temperature -0.45 (P < 0.001) and sunshine hours -0.6 (P < 0.001). At a global level, all included parameters in the univariable and multivariable analysis showed an association with liters of alcohol consumption and drinkers among population once adjusted by potential confounders. In the multivariate analysis, liters of alcohol consumption associated with AAF. In the United States, colder climates showed a positive correlation with the age-standardized prevalence of heavy and binge drinkers. Conclusion: These results suggest that colder climates may play a causal role on AAF mediated by alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Ventura-Cots
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Deparment of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari de la Vall d´Hebrón-Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ariel E. Watts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Monica Cruz-Lemini
- Fetal Medicine Mexico Foundation, Fetal Surgery Unit, Unidad de Investigación en Neurodesarrollo, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, México
| | - Neil D. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nambi Ndugga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Department of Global Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MPH, Boston, MA
| | - Peter McCann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - A. Sidney Barritt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anant Jain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Deparment of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Samhita Ravi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Deparment of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Carrillo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Deparment of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Juan G. Abraldes
- Cirrhosis Care Clinic (CCC), Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jose Altamirano
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari de la Vall d´Hebrón-Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Deparment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Quironsalud, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Deparment of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Ma J, Siegel RL, Islami F, Jemal A. Temporal trends in liver cancer mortality by educational attainment in the United States, 2000-2015. Cancer 2019; 125:2089-2098. [PMID: 30957228 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the most rapidly rising cause of cancer death in the United States. However, it is unclear whether the mortality trend differs by socioeconomic and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection status. METHODS Joinpoint analyses and Poisson regression modeling were performed to examine trends in death rates from liver cancer by education and HCV infection status among persons aged 25 to 74 years from 2000 to 2015. Disparities in liver cancer mortality were measured as a relative index of inequality by education. RESULTS From 2000 to 2015, the overall liver cancer death rate (per 100,000 persons) increased from 7.5 to 11.2 in men and from 2.8 to 3.8 in women. The increase was generally steeper in less educated groups for women and was confined to persons with ≤15 years of education for men. Consequently, the relative disparity increased until 2006 and then levelled off in women, whereas it continued to increase from 3.49 (95% CI, 3.08-3.97) to 7.74 (95% CI, 7.13-8.40) in men, with the increase more pronounced for HCV-related liver cancer than HCV-unrelated liver cancer. CONCLUSIONS The increases in liver cancer death rates in the United States have largely been confined to less educated persons, especially among men. Enhanced and targeted efforts are needed to halt and reverse the undue growing burden of liver cancer in lower socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Ma
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Farhad Islami
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ganly I, Yang L, Giese RA, Hao Y, Nossa CW, Morris LGT, Rosenthal M, Migliacci J, Kelly D, Tseng W, Hu J, Li H, Brown S, Pei Z. Periodontal pathogens are a risk factor of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, independent of tobacco and alcohol and human papillomavirus. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:775-784. [PMID: 30671943 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a change in the epidemiology of oral cavity squamous cell cancer (OC-SCC). Many new cases of OC-SCC lack the recognized risk factors of smoking, alcohol and human papilloma virus. The aim of this study was to determine if the oral microbiome may be associated with OC-SCC in nonsmoking HPV negative patients. We compared the oral microbiome of HPV-negative nonsmoker OC-SCC(n = 18), premalignant lesions(PML) (n = 8) and normal control patients (n = 12). Their oral microbiome was sampled by oral wash and defined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We report that the periodontal pathogens Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Alloprevotella were enriched while commensal Streptococcus depleted in OC-SCC. Based on the four genera plus a marker genus Veillonella for PML, we classified the oral microbiome into two types. Gene/pathway analysis revealed a progressive increase of genes encoding HSP90 and ligands for TLRs 1, 2 and 4 along the controls→PML → OC-SCC progression sequence. Our findings suggest an association between periodontal pathogens and OC-SCC in non smoking HPV negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Ganly
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Liying Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rachel A Giese
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yuhan Hao
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY
| | | | - Luc G T Morris
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Matthew Rosenthal
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jocelyn Migliacci
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Dervla Kelly
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Wenzhi Tseng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jiyuan Hu
- Department of Population Health and the Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Population Health and the Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Stuart Brown
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Zhiheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
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Epidemiology of Alcohol Consumption and Societal Burden of Alcoholism and Alcoholic Liver Disease. Clin Liver Dis 2019; 23:39-50. [PMID: 30454831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a major determinant of public health outcomes. Worldwide data from 2016 indicate that alcohol is the seventh leading risk factor in terms of disability-adjusted life years, an increase of more than 25% from 1990 to 2016. Understanding the epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease, including the regional variations in consumption and public policy, is an area of active research. In countries where the per capita consumption of alcohol decreases, there appears to be an associated decrease in disease burden. Given alcohol's health burden, an increased focus on alcohol control policies is needed.
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42
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Uhlig J, Sellers CM, Cha C, Khan SA, Lacy J, Stein SM, Kim HS. Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Socioeconomic Discrepancies, Contemporary Treatment Approaches and Survival Trends from the National Cancer Database. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:1993-2000. [PMID: 30693451 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate socioeconomic discrepancies in current treatment approaches and survival trends among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). METHODS The 2004-2015 National Cancer Database was retrospectively analyzed for histopathologically proven ICC. Treatment predictors were evaluated using multinomial logistic regression and overall survival via multivariable Cox models. RESULTS Overall, 12,837 ICC patients were included. Multiple factors influenced treatment allocation, including age, education, comorbidities, cancer stage, grade, treatment center, and US state region (multivariable p < 0.05). The highest surgery rates were observed in the Middle Atlantic (28.7%) and lowest rates were observed in the Mountain States (18.4%). Decreased ICC treatment likelihood was observed for male African Americans with Medicaid insurance and those with low income (multivariable p < 0.05). Socioeconomic treatment discrepancies translated into decreased overall survival for patients of male sex (vs. female; hazard ratio [HR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.26, p < 0.001), with low income (< $37,999 vs. ≥ $63,000 annually; HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14, p = 0.032), and with Medicaid insurance (vs. private insurance; HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23, p = 0.006). Both surgical and non-surgical ICC management showed increased survival compared with no treatment, with the longest survival for surgery (5-year overall survival for surgery, 33.5%; interventional oncology, 11.8%; radiation oncology/chemotherapy, 4.4%; no treatment, 3.3%). Among non-surgically treated patients, interventional oncology yielded the longest survival versus radiation oncology/chemotherapy (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.65-0.82, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ICC treatment allocation and outcome demonstrated a marked variation depending on socioeconomic status, demography, cancer factors, and US geography. Healthcare providers should address these discrepancies by providing surgery and interventional oncology as first-line treatment to all eligible patients, with special attention to the vulnerable populations identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Uhlig
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cortlandt M Sellers
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles Cha
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sajid A Khan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jill Lacy
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stacey M Stein
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hyun S Kim
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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West RK, Wooden JI, Barton EA, Leasure JL. Recurrent binge ethanol is associated with significant loss of dentate gyrus granule neurons in female rats despite concomitant increase in neurogenesis. Neuropharmacology 2019; 148:272-283. [PMID: 30659841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is becoming increasingly common among American women and girls. We have previously shown significant cell loss, downregulation of neurotrophins and microgliosis in female rats after a single 4-day ethanol exposure. To determine whether recurrent binge exposure would produce similar effects, we administered ethanol (5 g/kg) or iso-caloric control diet once-weekly for 11 weeks to adult female rats. As we have previously shown exercise neuroprotection against binge-induced damage, half the rats were given access to exercise wheels. Blood ethanol concentration (BEC) did not differ between sedentary and exercised groups, nor did it change across time. Using stereology, we quantified the number and/or size of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), as well as the number and activation state of microglia. Binged sedentary rats had significant cell loss in the dentate gyrus, but exercise eliminated this effect. Compared to sedentary controls, sedentary binged rats and all exercised rats showed increased neurogenesis in the DG. Number and nuclear volume of neurons in the mPFC were not changed. In the hippocampus and mPFC, the number of microglia with morphology indicative of partial activation was increased by recurrent binge ethanol and decreased by exercise. In summary, we show significant binge-induced loss of DG granule neurons despite increased neurogenesis, suggesting an unsuccessful compensatory response. Although exercise eliminated cell loss, our results indicate that infrequent, but recurrent exposure to clinically relevant BEC is neurotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K West
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5022, United States
| | - Jessica I Wooden
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5022, United States
| | - Emily A Barton
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5022, United States
| | - J Leigh Leasure
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5022, United States; Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5022, United States.
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Rhinehart EM, Nentwig TB, Wilson DE, Leonard KT, Chaney BN, Grisel JE. Sex and β-Endorphin Influence the Effects of Ethanol on Limbic Gabra2 Expression in a Mouse Binge Drinking Model. Front Genet 2018; 9:567. [PMID: 30555510 PMCID: PMC6281685 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking is a widespread problem linked to increased risk for alcohol-related complications, including development of alcohol use disorders. In the last decade, binge drinking has increased significantly, specifically in women. Clinically, sexually dimorphic effects of alcohol are well-characterized, however, the underlying mechanisms for these dimorphisms in the physiological and behavioral effects of alcohol are poorly understood. Among its many effects, alcohol consumption reduces anxiety via the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, most likely acting upon receptors containing the α-2 subunit (Gabra2). Previous research from our laboratory indicates that female mice lacking the endogenous opioid peptide β-endorphin (βE) have an overactive stress axis and enhanced anxiety-like phenotype, coupled with increased binge-like alcohol consumption. Because βE works via GABA signaling to reduce anxiety, we sought to determine whether sexually dimorphic binge drinking behavior in βE deficient mice is coupled with differences in CNS Gabra2 expression. To test this hypothesis, we used βE knock-out mice in a "drinking in the dark" model where adult male and female C57BL/6J controls (βE +/+) and βE deficient (βE -/-; B6.129S2-Pomctm1Low/J) mice were provided with one bottle of 20% ethanol (EtOH) and one of water (EtOH drinkers) or two bottles of water (water drinkers) 3 h into the dark cycle for four consecutive days. Following a binge test on day 4, limbic tissue was collected and frozen for subsequent qRT-PCR analysis of Gabra2 mRNA expression. Water-drinking βE +/+ females expressed more Gabra2 in central nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis than males, but this sex difference was absent in the βE -/- mice. Genotype alone had no effect on alcohol consumption or drug-induced increase in Gabra2 expression. In contrast, βE expression had bi-directional effects in females: in wildtypes, Gabra2 mRNA was reduced by binge EtOH consumption, while EtOH increased expression in βE -/- females to levels commensurate with drug-naïve βE +/+ females. These results support the contention that βE plays a role in sexually dimorphic binge-like EtOH consumption, perhaps through differential expression of GABAA α2 subunits in limbic structures known to play key roles in the regulation of stress and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Rhinehart
- Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, United States
| | - Todd B Nentwig
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, United States
| | - Diane E Wilson
- Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, United States
| | - Kiarah T Leonard
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, United States
| | - Bernie N Chaney
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, United States
| | - Judith E Grisel
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, United States
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45
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Gallaway MS, Henley SJ, Steele CB, Momin B, Thomas CC, Jamal A, Trivers KF, Singh SD, Stewart SL. Surveillance for Cancers Associated with Tobacco Use - United States, 2010-2014. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT. SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 2002) 2018; 67:1-42. [PMID: 30383737 PMCID: PMC6220819 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss6712a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM/CONDITION Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of cancer, contributing to at least 12 types of cancer, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx; esophagus; stomach; colon and rectum; liver; pancreas; larynx; lung, bronchus, and trachea; kidney and renal pelvis; urinary bladder; and cervix. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of recent tobacco-associated cancer incidence for each cancer type by sex, age, race/ethnicity, metropolitan county classification, tumor characteristics, U.S. census region, and state. These data are important for initiation, monitoring, and evaluation of tobacco prevention and control measures. PERIOD COVERED 2010-2014. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM Cancer incidence data from CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program were used to calculate average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for 2010-2014 and trends in annual age-adjusted incidence rates for 2010-2014. These cancer incidence data cover approximately 99% of the U.S. POPULATION This report provides age-adjusted cancer incidence rates for each of the 12 cancer types known to be causally associated with tobacco use, including liver and colorectal cancer, which were deemed to be causally associated with tobacco use by the U.S. Surgeon General in 2014. Findings are reported by demographic and geographic characteristics, percentage distributions for tumor characteristics, and trends in cancer incidence by sex. RESULTS During 2010-2014, approximately 3.3 million new tobacco-associated cancer cases were reported in the United States, approximately 667,000 per year. Age-adjusted incidence rates ranged from 4.2 AML cases per 100,000 persons to 61.3 lung cancer cases per 100,000 persons. By cancer type, incidence rates were higher among men than women (excluding cervical cancer), higher among non-Hispanics than Hispanics (for all cancers except stomach, liver, kidney, and cervical), higher among persons in nonmetropolitan counties than those in metropolitan counties (for all cancers except stomach, liver, pancreatic, and AML), and lower in the West than in other U.S. census regions (all except stomach, liver, bladder, and AML). Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, certain cancer rates were highest among whites (oral cavity and pharyngeal, esophageal, bladder, and AML), blacks (colon and rectal, pancreatic, laryngeal, lung and bronchial, cervical, and kidney), and Asians/Pacific Islanders (stomach and liver). During 2010-2014, the rate of all tobacco-associated cancers combined decreased 1.2% per year, influenced largely by decreases in cancers of the larynx (3.0%), lung (2.2%), colon and rectum (2.1%), and bladder (1.3%). INTERPRETATION Although tobacco-associated cancer incidence decreased overall during 2010-2014, the incidence remains high in several states and subgroups, including among men, whites, blacks, non-Hispanics, and persons in nonmetropolitan counties. These disproportionately high rates of tobacco-related cancer incidence reflect overall demographic patterns of cancer incidence in the United States and also reflect patterns of tobacco use. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION Tobacco-associated cancer incidence can be reduced through prevention and control of tobacco use and comprehensive cancer-control efforts focused on reducing cancer risk, detecting cancer early, and better assisting communities disproportionately affected by cancer. Ongoing surveillance to monitor cancer incidence can identify populations with a high incidence of tobacco-associated cancers and evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco control programs and policies. Implementation research can be conducted to achieve wider adoption of existing evidence-based cancer prevention and screening programs and tobacco control measures, especially to reach groups with the largest disparities in cancer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shayne Gallaway
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC
- Commissioned Corps, U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland
| | - S. Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC
| | - C. Brooke Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC
| | - Behnoosh Momin
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC
| | - Cheryll C. Thomas
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC
| | - Ahmed Jamal
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease and Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC
| | - Katrina F. Trivers
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease and Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC
| | - Simple D. Singh
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC
| | - Sherri L. Stewart
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic pancreatitis (CP) hospitalizations along with associated morbidity and costs are increasing. The goal of this study was to use the National Readmission Database to identify the incidence and risk factors for 30-day readmissions among patients with CP. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of National Readmission Database from January 2013 to December 2013 to determine patient demographic and clinical characteristics predictive of 30-day hospital readmission for adult patients (aged >18 years) discharged with a principle diagnosis of CP. A survey logistic regression model was used to determine the predictive value of selected variables for 30-day readmission. RESULTS In 2013, 12,545 admissions with primary diagnosis of CP were noted, and 30.4% were readmitted within 30 days. Cholecystectomy (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; P = 0.0024) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (OR, 0.70; P = 0.01) during index admission was associated with decreased all-cause readmissions. Pancreatectomy during index admission was associated with reduced (OR, 0.2; P = 0.0005) pancreatitis-related readmissions. CONCLUSIONS Hospital readmissions for CP are frequent and pose a significant healthcare burden. Performing cholecystectomy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or pancreatectomy during index admission was associated with reduced odds of readmission.
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47
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Rubenstein JH, Morgenstern H, Longstreth K. Clustering of esophageal cancer among white men in the United States. Dis Esophagus 2018; 32:5087691. [PMID: 30169649 PMCID: PMC6303731 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the geographic distribution of esophageal cancer in the United States have been limited. We aimed to examine geographic clustering of esophageal cancer in the United States and assess whether that clustering is explained by the distribution of known risk factors for esophageal cancer. We conducted cluster analyses derived from county mortality rates of esophageal cancer, using publicly available datasets. State incidence rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma were from the National Program of Cancer Registries, and county esophageal-cancer mortality rates were from the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. County prevalences of cigarette use, alcohol use, obesity, education, and income were published estimates derived from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the American Community Survey. The primary outcomes were clusters of high and low esophageal-cancer mortality rates among non-Hispanic white men, both unadjusted and adjusted for risk factors. Age-standardized county rates of esophageal-cancer mortality among non-Hispanic white men ranged from 4.8 to 21.2 per 100,000/year. There was a cluster of high mortality in the Great Lakes states and New England and a cluster of low mortality in the Southeastern United States. State incidence rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma were consistent with this pattern. Adjusting for risk factors did little to change the pattern of observed rates or the clusters derived from them. Among non-Hispanic white men, there are clusters of high and low mortality rates with esophageal cancer within the United States, likely representing esophageal adenocarcinoma; but those clusters were not explained by several known risk factors. Focusing future efforts in the high-cluster areas might improve the efficiency of cancer screening and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Rubenstein
- Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center and,Barrett's Esophagus Program, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School and,Address correspondence to: Dr. Joel H. Rubenstein, MD, MSc, VA Medical Center 111-D, 2215 Fuller Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA. E-mail:
| | - H Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health; Department of Urology, Medical School; and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Michigan Medicine
| | - K Longstreth
- Spatial and Numeric Data Services, Stephen S. Clark Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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48
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Föger-Samwald U, Knecht C, Stimpfl T, Szekeres T, Kerschan-Schindl K, Mikosch P, Pietschmann P, Sipos W. Bone Effects of Binge Alcohol Drinking Using Prepubescent Pigs as a Model. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2123-2135. [PMID: 30120836 PMCID: PMC6282750 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chronic alcohol consumption in adults is an established risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, there is a huge gap in our knowledge about bone effects of binge drinking in adolescents. The aim of this pilot study was therefore to assess skeletal effects of binge alcohol drinking using prepubescent pigs as a large animal model. METHODS Piglets aged 2 months were offered alcohol orally as a mixture of hard liquor and apple juice. Those with the highest propensity to drink alcohol were included in the experiment and received 1.4 g alcohol/kg bodyweight 2 times per week for 2 months (alcohol group); control piglets received apple juice in an identical manner. At the age of 4 months, the animals were euthanized; trabecular and cortical bone samples from the femur, the tibia, the humerus, and the fourth vertebral body harvested during necropsy were assessed by microcomputed tomography and dynamic histomorphometry. In addition, blood chemistry and blood alcohol determinations were performed. RESULTS Blood alcohol levels assessed 1 hour after alcohol administration were 0.99‰ ± 0.15, 1.12‰ ± 0.2, and 1.14‰ ± 0.18 at the ages of 2, 3, and 4 months, respectively. In the alcohol group, serum calcium and phosphate levels were decreased. In the femur, trabecular number and connectivity density were lower in the alcohol than in the control group, and in the humerus and the fourth vertebral bodies, an opposite pattern was seen for trabecular number and connectivity density, respectively. Cortical density was higher in the humerus and trabecular density higher in the tibia of the alcohol group compared to the control group. Cortical porosity was lower in the humerus of the alcohol group. No significant differences were seen for trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, bone volume fraction, and static and dynamic histomorphometric parameters. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, we have assessed skeletal effects of binge alcohol drinking by using prepubescent pigs as a promising large animal model. Binge drinking has bone effects that are site-specific. However, these data have to be verified in a larger study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Föger-Samwald
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Knecht
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stimpfl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Szekeres
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter Mikosch
- Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sipos
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Bishop FM, Rodriquez Orjuela JL. Toward the prevention of alcohol use disorders: Overdrinking (unintentional binge drinking) in a community sample. Health Psychol Open 2018; 5:2055102918792705. [PMID: 30151223 PMCID: PMC6108020 DOI: 10.1177/2055102918792705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 64,000,000 people in the United States report binge drinking at least once in the past month. Unlike overeating and oversleeping, "overdrinking"-defined as drinking more than a person intends to drink-does not exist in the literature. Terms such as binge and problem drinking do not consider the intent of the drinker. The results of this pilot study suggest that most people drink more than they intend to drink. Moreover, they also report often being surprised that they overdrank. Smartphones may help overdrinkers be less often surprised by overdrinking and may prevent drinkers from developing an alcohol use disorder.
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50
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VoPham T, Bertrand KA, Tamimi RM, Laden F, Hart JE. Ambient PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29:563-572. [PMID: 29696510 PMCID: PMC5940508 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct the first epidemiologic study prospectively examining the association between particulate matter air pollution < 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in the U.S. METHODS Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) provided information on HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 from 16 population-based cancer registries across the U.S. Ambient PM2.5 exposure was estimated by linking the SEER county with a spatial PM2.5 model using a geographic information system. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to calculate incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ambient PM2.5 exposure per 10 µg/m3 increase and HCC risk adjusting for individual-level age at diagnosis, sex, race, year of diagnosis, SEER registry, and county-level information on health conditions, lifestyle, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. RESULTS Higher levels of ambient PM2.5 exposure were associated with a statistically significant increased risk for HCC (n = 56,245 cases; adjusted IRR per 10 µg/m3 increase = 1.26, 95% CI 1.08, 1.47; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS If confirmed in studies with individual-level PM2.5 exposure and risk factor information, these results suggest that ambient PM2.5 exposure may be a risk factor for HCC in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang VoPham
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Kimberly A Bertrand
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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