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Cani PD, Van Hul M. Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: crosstalk with adipose tissue. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:164-183. [PMID: 38066102 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are characterized by excessive fat mass accumulation produced when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. One plausible way to control energy expenditure is to modulate thermogenic pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Among the different environmental factors capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, the gut microbiota is now considered a key player. Following pioneering studies showing that mice lacking gut microbes (that is, germ-free mice) or depleted of their gut microbiota (that is, using antibiotics) developed less adipose tissue, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between gut bacteria, some of their membrane components (that is, lipopolysaccharides), and their metabolites (that is, short-chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids, bile acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and tryptophan derivatives) as well as their contribution to the browning and/or beiging of WAT and changes in BAT activity. In this Review, we discuss the general physiology of both WAT and BAT. Subsequently, we introduce how gut bacteria and different microbiota-derived metabolites, their receptors and signalling pathways can regulate the development of adipose tissue and its metabolic capacities. Finally, we describe the key challenges in moving from bench to bedside by presenting specific key examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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2
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Todero J, Douillet C, Shumway AJ, Koller BH, Kanke M, Phuong DJ, Stýblo M, Sethupathy P. Molecular and Metabolic Analysis of Arsenic-Exposed Humanized AS3MT Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127021. [PMID: 38150313 PMCID: PMC10752418 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, potential sex divergence and the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. iAs is not metabolized uniformly across species, which is a limitation of typical exposure studies in rodent models. The development of a new "humanized" mouse model overcomes this limitation. In this study, we leveraged this model to study sex differences in the context of iAs exposure. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if males and females exhibit different liver and adipose molecular profiles and metabolic phenotypes in the context of iAs exposure. METHODS Our study was performed on wild-type (WT) 129S6/SvEvTac and humanized arsenic + 3 methyl transferase (human AS3MT) 129S6/SvEvTac mice treated with 400 ppb of iAs via drinking water ad libitum. After 1 month, mice were sacrificed and the liver and gonadal adipose depots were harvested for iAs quantification and sequencing-based microRNA and gene expression analysis. Serum blood was collected for fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS We detected sex divergence in liver and adipose markers of diabetes (e.g., miR-34a, insulin signaling pathways, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR) only in humanized (not WT) mice. In humanized female mice, numerous genes that promote insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in both the liver and adipose are elevated compared to humanized male mice. We also identified Klf11 as a putative master regulator of the sex divergence in gene expression in humanized mice. DISCUSSION Our study underscored the importance of future studies leveraging the humanized mouse model to study iAs-associated metabolic disease. The findings suggested that humanized males are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction relative to humanized females in the context of iAs exposure. Future investigations should focus on the detailed mechanisms that underlie the sex divergence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Todero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandria J. Shumway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daryl J. Phuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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3
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Islam MM, Islam MM, Rahman MA, Ripon MAR, Hossain MS. Gut microbiota in obesity and related complications: Unveiling the complex interplay. Life Sci 2023; 334:122211. [PMID: 38084672 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the obesity epidemic has escalated into a serious public health catastrophe that is only getting worse. However, research into the pathophysiological pathways behind the obesity development and the illnesses that it is associated with is ongoing. In the last decades, it is now clear that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the genesis and progression of obesity and obesity-related illnesses, particularly changes in its metabolites and composition as obesity progresses. Here, we provide a summary of the processes by which variations in gut metabolite levels and the composition of gut microbiota affect obesity and associated disorders. The bacteria residing in the gut release several chemicals that influence the appetite control, metabolism, and other systems. Since it can either encourage or restrict the deposition of fat in several different ways, the gut microbiota's role in obesity is debatable. Additionally, we go over potential therapeutic approaches that could be utilized to alter gut microbiota composition and focus on the important metabolic pathways associated with obesity and metabolic disorders linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmodul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rahman Ripon
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Salim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
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4
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Townsend LK, Steinberg GR. AMPK and the Endocrine Control of Metabolism. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:910-933. [PMID: 37115289 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Complex multicellular organisms require a coordinated response from multiple tissues to maintain whole-body homeostasis in the face of energetic stressors such as fasting, cold, and exercise. It is also essential that energy is stored efficiently with feeding and the chronic nutrient surplus that occurs with obesity. Mammals have adapted several endocrine signals that regulate metabolism in response to changes in nutrient availability and energy demand. These include hormones altered by fasting and refeeding including insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, catecholamines, ghrelin, and fibroblast growth factor 21; adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin; cell stress-induced cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha and growth differentiating factor 15, and lastly exerkines such as interleukin-6 and irisin. Over the last 2 decades, it has become apparent that many of these endocrine factors control metabolism by regulating the activity of the AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase). AMPK is a master regulator of nutrient homeostasis, phosphorylating over 100 distinct substrates that are critical for controlling autophagy, carbohydrate, fatty acid, cholesterol, and protein metabolism. In this review, we discuss how AMPK integrates endocrine signals to maintain energy balance in response to diverse homeostatic challenges. We also present some considerations with respect to experimental design which should enhance reproducibility and the fidelity of the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan K Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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5
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Mohseni R, Teimouri M, Safaei M, Arab Sadeghabadi Z. AMP-activated protein kinase is a key regulator of obesity-associated factors. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:20-32. [PMID: 36468539 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure leads to obesity. Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of several metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. So, controlling obesity could be effective in the improvement of obesity-related diseases. Various factors are involved in obesity, such as AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK), silent information regulators, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress parameters, gastrointestinal hormones, adipokines, angiopoietin-like proteins, and microRNAs. These factors play an important role in obesity by controlling fat metabolism, energy homeostasis, food intake, and insulin sensitivity. AMPK is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein kinase known as a fuel-sensing enzyme. The central role of AMPK in obesity makes it an attractive molecule to target obesity and related metabolic diseases. In this review, the critical role of AMPK in obesity and the interplay between AMPK and obesity-associated factors were elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Mohseni
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Varela-Trinidad GU, Domínguez-Díaz C, Solórzano-Castanedo K, Íñiguez-Gutiérrez L, Hernández-Flores TDJ, Fafutis-Morris M. Probiotics: Protecting Our Health from the Gut. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1428. [PMID: 35889147 PMCID: PMC9316266 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) comprises billions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. This microbial community exerts numerous physiological functions. Prominent among these functions is the effect on host immunity through the uptake of nutrients that strengthen intestinal cells and cells involved in the immune response. The physiological functions of the GM are not limited to the gut, but bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and various extraintestinal organs have been identified. These interactions have been termed interorganic axes by several authors, among which the gut-brain, gut-skin, gut-lung, gut-heart, and gut-metabolism axes stand out. It has been shown that an organism is healthy or in homeostasis when the GM is in balance. However, altered GM or dysbiosis represents a critical factor in the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Therefore, probiotics intervene in this context, which, according to various published studies, allows balance to be maintained in the GM, leading to an individual's good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael Urait Varela-Trinidad
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Con Orientaciones en Inmunología y Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (G.U.V.-T.); (C.D.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología (CIINDE), Calzada del Federalismo Nte 3102, Zapopan 45190, Mexico
| | - Carolina Domínguez-Díaz
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Con Orientaciones en Inmunología y Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (G.U.V.-T.); (C.D.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología (CIINDE), Calzada del Federalismo Nte 3102, Zapopan 45190, Mexico
| | - Karla Solórzano-Castanedo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Liliana Íñiguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Coronel Calderón 777, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (L.Í.-G.); (T.d.J.H.-F.)
| | - Teresita de Jesús Hernández-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Coronel Calderón 777, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (L.Í.-G.); (T.d.J.H.-F.)
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosóficas Metodológicas e Intrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Mary Fafutis-Morris
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología (CIINDE), Calzada del Federalismo Nte 3102, Zapopan 45190, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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Deng M, Kutrolli E, Sadewasser A, Michel S, Joibari MM, Jaschinski F, Olivecrona G, Nilsson SK, Kersten S. ANGPTL4 silencing via antisense oligonucleotides reduces plasma triglycerides and glucose in mice without causing lymphadenopathy. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100237. [PMID: 35667416 PMCID: PMC9270256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is an important regulator of plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and an attractive pharmacological target for lowering plasma lipids and reducing cardiovascular risk. Here, we aimed to study the efficacy and safety of silencing ANGPTL4 in the livers of mice using hepatocyte-targeting GalNAc-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). Compared with injections with negative control ASO, four injections of two different doses of ANGPTL4 ASO over 2 weeks markedly downregulated ANGPTL4 levels in liver and adipose tissue, which was associated with significantly higher adipose LPL activity and lower plasma TGs in fed and fasted mice, as well as lower plasma glucose levels in fed mice. In separate experiments, injection of two different doses of ANGPTL4 ASO over 20 weeks of high-fat feeding reduced hepatic and adipose ANGPTL4 levels but did not trigger mesenteric lymphadenopathy, an acute phase response, chylous ascites, or any other pathological phenotypes. Compared with mice injected with negative control ASO, mice injected with ANGPTL4 ASO showed reduced food intake, reduced weight gain, and improved glucose tolerance. In addition, they exhibited lower plasma TGs, total cholesterol, LDL-C, glucose, serum amyloid A, and liver TG levels. By contrast, no significant difference in plasma alanine aminotransferase activity was observed. Overall, these data suggest that ASOs targeting ANGPTL4 effectively reduce plasma TG levels in mice without raising major safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Deng
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Elda Kutrolli
- Lipigon Pharmaceuticals AB, Tvistevägen 48C, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Sadewasser
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Sven Michel
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Jaschinski
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Gunilla Olivecrona
- Lipigon Pharmaceuticals AB, Tvistevägen 48C, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan K Nilsson
- Lipigon Pharmaceuticals AB, Tvistevägen 48C, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
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Berthou F, Sobolewski C, Abegg D, Fournier M, Maeder C, Dolicka D, Correia de Sousa M, Adibekian A, Foti M. Hepatic PTEN Signaling Regulates Systemic Metabolic Homeostasis through Hepatokines-Mediated Liver-to-Peripheral Organs Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073959. [PMID: 35409319 PMCID: PMC8999584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-derived circulating factors deeply affect the metabolism of distal organs. Herein, we took advantage of the hepatocyte-specific PTEN knockout mice (LPTENKO), a model of hepatic steatosis associated with increased muscle insulin sensitivity and decreased adiposity, to identify potential secreted hepatic factors improving metabolic homeostasis. Our results indicated that protein factors, rather than specific metabolites, released by PTEN-deficient hepatocytes trigger an improved muscle insulin sensitivity and a decreased adiposity in LPTENKO. In this regard, a proteomic analysis of conditioned media from PTEN-deficient primary hepatocytes identified seven hepatokines whose expression/secretion was deregulated. Distinct expression patterns of these hepatokines were observed in hepatic tissues from human/mouse with NAFLD. The expression of specific factors was regulated by the PTEN/PI3K, PPAR or AMPK signaling pathways and/or modulated by classical antidiabetic drugs. Finally, loss-of-function studies identified FGF21 and the triad AHSG, ANGPTL4 and LECT2 as key regulators of insulin sensitivity in muscle cells and in adipocytes biogenesis, respectively. These data indicate that hepatic PTEN deficiency and steatosis alter the expression/secretion of hepatokines regulating insulin sensitivity in muscles and the lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. These hepatokines could represent potential therapeutic targets to treat obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Berthou
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (D.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Margot Fournier
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Christine Maeder
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Dobrochna Dolicka
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Marta Correia de Sousa
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (D.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(22)-379-52-04
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Impact of oral lipid and glucose tolerance tests on the postprandial concentrations of angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptl) 3 and 4. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1919-1929. [PMID: 34951653 PMCID: PMC9106616 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The postprandial regulation of angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptls) and their expression in adipocytes is poorly characterized. Objective Circulating Angptl3 and 4 were analyzed in healthy individuals undergoing either an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT; n = 98) or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; n = 99). Venous blood was drawn after 0, 2, 4, and 6 h during OLTT and after 0, 1, and 2 h during OGTT. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters were assessed and concentrations of Angptls were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Angptl gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in murine adipose tissues and cellular fractions was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Angptl3 concentrations significantly decreased while Angptl4 levels continuously increased during OLTT. Both proteins remained unaffected during OGTT. Angptl3 and Angptl4 were expressed in murine subcutaneous and visceral AT with higher mRNA levels in mature adipocytes when compared to the stroma-vascular cell fraction. Both proteins were strongly induced during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and they were unresponsive to glucose in mature fat cells. Adipocyte Angptl3 (but not Angptl4) mRNA expression was inhibited by the polyunsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, whereas nine types of dietary fatty acids remained without any effect. Conclusions There is evidence of short-time regulation of Angptl3/4 levels upon metabolic stress. Angptl4 expression is high and Angptl3 expression is low in AT and restricted mainly to mature adipocytes without any differences concerning fat compartments. Whereas dietary fatty acids and glucose are without any effect, omega-3/-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibited Anptl3 expression in adipocytes.
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Varela L, Kim JG, Fernández-Tussy P, Aryal B, Liu ZW, Fernández-Hernando C, Horvath TL. Astrocytic lipid metabolism determines susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2814. [PMID: 34890239 PMCID: PMC11323787 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic astrocytes play pivotal roles in both nutrient sensing and the modulation of synaptic plasticity of hypothalamic neuronal circuits in control of feeding and systemic glucose and energy metabolism. Here, we show the relevance of astrocytic fatty acid (FA) homeostasis under the opposing control of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL-4) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the cellular adaptations of hypothalamic astrocytes and neurons to the changing metabolic milieu. We observed that increased availability of FA in astrocytes induced by cell- and time-selective knockdown of Angptl4 protected against diet-induced obesity, while cell- and time-selective knockdown of Angptl4-regulated Pparγ lead to elevated susceptibility to obesity. Overall, our results unravel a previously unidentified role for astrocytic FA metabolism in central control of body weight and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, South Korea
| | - Pablo Fernández-Tussy
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhong Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar St., BML 330, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Han H, Yi B, Zhong R, Wang M, Zhang S, Ma J, Yin Y, Yin J, Chen L, Zhang H. From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:162. [PMID: 34284827 PMCID: PMC8293578 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Feelings of hunger and satiety are the key determinants for maintaining the life of humans and animals. Disturbed appetite control may disrupt the metabolic health of the host and cause various metabolic disorders. A variety of factors have been implicated in appetite control, including gut microbiota, which develop the intricate interactions to manipulate the metabolic requirements and hedonic feelings. Gut microbial metabolites and components act as appetite-related signaling molecules to regulate appetite-related hormone secretion and the immune system, or act directly on hypothalamic neurons. Herein, we summarize the effects of gut microbiota on host appetite and consider the potential molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose that the manipulation of gut microbiota represents a clinical therapeutic potential for lessening the development and consequence of appetite-related disorders. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage de Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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12
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Singh AK, Chaube B, Zhang X, Sun J, Citrin KM, Canfrán-Duque A, Aryal B, Rotllan N, Varela L, Lee RG, Horvath TL, Price NL, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Hepatocyte-specific suppression of ANGPTL4 improves obesity-associated diabetes and mitigates atherosclerosis in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140989. [PMID: 34255741 PMCID: PMC8409581 DOI: 10.1172/jci140989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic uptake and biosynthesis of fatty acids (FA), as well as the partitioning of FA into oxidative, storage, and secretory pathways are tightly regulated processes. Dysregulation of one or more of these processes can promote excess hepatic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to systemic metabolic dysfunction. Angiopoietin-like-4 (ANGPTL4) is a secretory protein that inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and modulates triacylglycerol (TAG) homeostasis. To understand the role of ANGPTL4 in liver lipid metabolism under normal and high-fat fed conditions, we generated hepatocyte specific Angptl4 mutant mice (Hmut). Using metabolic turnover studies, we demonstrate that hepatic Angptl4 deficiency facilitates catabolism of TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnants in the liver via increased hepatic lipase (HL) activity, which results in a significant reduction in circulating TAG and cholesterol levels. Consequently, depletion of hepatocyte Angptl4 protects against diet-induce obesity, glucose intolerance, liver steatosis, and atherogenesis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that loss of Angptl4 in hepatocytes promotes FA uptake which results in increased FA oxidation, ROS production, and AMPK activation. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of a targeted pharmacologic therapy that specifically inhibits Angptl4 gene expression in the liver and protects against diet-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and liver damage, which likely occurs via increased HL activity. Notably, this novel inhibition strategy does not cause any of the deleterious effects previously observed with neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K. Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Balkrishna Chaube
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Jonathan Sun
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Kathryn M. Citrin
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Luis Varela
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Richard G. Lee
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Nathan L. Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNAs in the Mammary Parenchyma and Fat Pad of Pre-Weaning Heifer Calves: Identification and Functional Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051268. [PMID: 33924848 PMCID: PMC8145500 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced plane of nutrition at pre-weaning stage can promote the development of mammary gland especially heifer calves. Although several genes are involved in this process, long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are regarded as key regulators in the regulated network and are still largely unknown. We identified and characterized 534 putative lincRNAs based on the published RNA-seq data, including heifer calves in two groups: fed enhanced milk replacer (EH, 1.13 kg/day, including 28% crude protein, 25% fat) group and fed restricted milk replacer (R, 0.45 kg/day, including 20% crude protein, 20% fat) group. Sub-samples from the mammary parenchyma (PAR) and mammary fat pad (MFP) were harvested from heifer calves. According to the information of these lincRNAs' quantitative trait loci (QTLs), the neighboring and co-expression genes were used to predict their function. By comparing EH vs R, 79 lincRNAs (61 upregulated, 18 downregulated) and 86 lincRNAs (54 upregulated, 32 downregulated) were differentially expressed in MFP and PAR, respectively. In MFP, some differentially expressed lincRNAs (DELs) are involved in lipid metabolism pathways, while, in PAR, among of DELs are involved in cell proliferation pathways. Taken together, this study explored the potential regulatory mechanism of lincRNAs in the mammary gland development of calves under different planes of nutrition.
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Li H, Yin J, Tan B, Chen J, Zhang H, Li Z, Ma X. Physiological function and application of dietary fiber in pig nutrition: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:259-267. [PMID: 34258414 PMCID: PMC8245790 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF), divided into soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), has attracted increasing attention in the field of pig nutrition. Although DF reduces nutrient digestibility and inhibits energy deposition in most cases, fiber-rich feeds have been widely used in pig diets. This is not only because of lower feed costs, but also from the continuous discovery about the nutritional value of DF, mainly including the improvement of piglet intestinal health and sow reproductive performance. The addition timing has also been further considered, which potentially enables the nutritional value of DF to be accurately used in applicable pig models. Furthermore, fiber degrading enzymes have been shown to alleviate the anti-nutritional effects of DF and have ensured the improvement effect of fiber on intestinal health in young piglet models. However, the regulatory effect of fiber on pork quality is still unclear, which requires consideration of the wide range of fiber sources and the complexity of the basic diet composition, as well as the impact of pig breeds. Taken together, future research needs to gain more insight into the combined effects of SDF and IDF, processing methods, and addition timing to improve the nutritional value of DF, and further explore the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of DF fermentation products short-chain fatty acids in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaokang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Chen J, He Z. Dietary Polyphenols to Combat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via the Gut-Brain-Liver Axis: A Review of Possible Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3585-3600. [PMID: 33729777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of micronutrients widely existing in plant foods including fruits, vegetables, and teas that can improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, the existing knowledge of dietary polyphenols for the development of NAFLD regulated by intestinal microecology is discussed. Polyphenols can influence the vagal afferent pathway in the central and enteric nervous system to control NAFLD via gut-brain-liver cross-talk. The possible mechanisms involve in the alteration of microbial community structure, effects of gut metabolites (short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), endogenous ethanol (EnEth)), and stimulation of gut-derived hormones (ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and leptin) based on the targets excavated from the gut-brain-liver axis. Consequently, the communication among the intestine, brain, and liver paves the way for new approaches to understand the underlying roles and mechanisms of dietary polyphenols in NAFLD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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16
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Wu Y, Gao J, Liu X. Deregulation of angiopoietin-like 4 slows ovarian cancer progression through vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 phosphorylation. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:171. [PMID: 33726754 PMCID: PMC7968256 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a tissue-specific proangiogenic or antiangiogenic agent, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) has recently gained attention in many diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the roles of ANGPTL4 in angiogenesis and tumor growth in epithelial ovarian cancer, the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify a novel mechanism of ANGPTL4 inhibition in epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and immunofluorescence analyses were applied to evaluate ANGPTL4 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated through 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, CCK-8 and Transwell assays. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in ovarian cancer cells and tumor-bearing mice was evaluated. CD31 staining was used to identify tumor angiogenesis. Immunoprecipitation was performed to examine the regulatory relationship between ANGPTL4 and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin/Src complex. VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y949 and VE-cadherin expression were assessed by western blotting. Inactivation of VEGFR2 Y949 phosphorylation was achieved in a MISIIR-TAg VEGFR2Y949F/Y949F mouse model. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that ANGPTL4 was overexpressed in A2780 and CAOV3 ovarian cancer cells. In vitro assays indicated that inhibition of ANGPTL4 by lentiviral small interfering RNA does not alter ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, while ANGPTL4 silencing exhibited significant inhibitory effects on tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis in vivo. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that suppression of ANGPTL4 was accompanied by dissociation of the VEGFR2/VE-cadherin/Src complex and phosphorylation of VEGFR2 Y949 in A2780 and CAOV3 ovarian tumors. Inactivation of VEGFR2 Y949 phosphorylation in MISIIR-TAg VEGFR2Y949F/Y949F mice abolished all tumor-suppressive effects of ANGPTL4 inhibition in spontaneous ovarian carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate that ANGPLT4 silencing delays tumor progression in specific types of ovarian cancer and may be a potential target for individualized treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jinghai Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Tong Z, Peng J, Lan H, Sai W, Li Y, Xie J, Tan Y, Zhang W, Zhong M, Wang Z. Cross-talk between ANGPTL4 gene SNP Rs1044250 and weight management is a risk factor of metabolic syndrome. J Transl Med 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 33593372 PMCID: PMC7885568 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (Mets) is closely related to an increased incidence of cardiovascular events. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is contributory to the regulation of lipid metabolism, herein, may provide a target for gene-aimed therapy of Mets. This observational case control study was designed to elucidate the relationship between ANGPTL4 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1044250 and the onset of Mets, and to explore the interaction between SNP rs1044250 and weight management on Mets. Methods We have recruited 1018 Mets cases and 1029 controls in this study. The SNP rs1044250 was genotyped with blood samples, base-line information and Mets-related indicators were collected. A 5-year follow-up survey was carried out to track the lifestyle interventions and changes in Mets-related indicators. Results ANGPTL4 gene SNP rs1044250 is an independent risk factor for increased waist circumference (OR 1.618, 95% CI [1.119–2.340]; p = 0.011), elevated blood pressure (OR 1.323, 95% CI [1.002–1.747]; p = 0.048), and Mets (OR 1.875, 95% CI [1.363–2.580]; p < 0.001). The follow-up survey shows that rs1044250 CC genotype patients with weight gain have an increased number of Mets components (M [Q1, Q3]: CC 1 (0, 1), CT + TT 0 [− 1, 1]; p = 0.021); The interaction between SNP rs1044250 and weight management is a risk factor for increased systolic blood pressure (β = 0.075, p < 0.001) and increased diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.097, p < 0.001), the synergistic effect of weight management and SNP rs1044250 is negative (S < 1). Conclusion ANGPTL4 gene SNP rs1044250 is an independent risk factor for increased waist circumference and elevated blood pressure, therefore, for Mets. However, patients with wild type SNP 1044250 are more likely to have Mets when the body weight is increased, mainly due to elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hongtao Lan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenwen Sai
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaying Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanmin Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Chandramowlishwaran P, Vijay A, Abraham D, Li G, Mwangi SM, Srinivasan S. Role of Sirtuins in Modulating Neurodegeneration of the Enteric Nervous System and Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:614331. [PMID: 33414704 PMCID: PMC7783311 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.614331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration of the central and enteric nervous systems is a common feature of aging and aging-related diseases, and is accelerated in individuals with metabolic dysfunction including obesity and diabetes. The molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in both the CNS and ENS are overlapping. Sirtuins are an important family of histone deacetylases that are important for genome stability, cellular response to stress, and nutrient and hormone sensing. They are activated by calorie restriction (CR) and by the coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Sirtuins, specifically the nuclear SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, have been shown to have predominantly neuroprotective roles in the CNS while the cytoplasmic sirtuin, SIRT2 is largely associated with neurodegeneration. A systematic study of sirtuins in the ENS and their effect on enteric neuronal growth and survival has not been conducted. Recent studies, however, also link sirtuins with important hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, melatonin, and serotonin which influence many important processes including satiety, mood, circadian rhythm, and gut homeostasis. In this review, we address emerging roles of sirtuins in modulating the metabolic challenges from aging, obesity, and diabetes that lead to neurodegeneration in the ENS and CNS. We also highlight a novel role for sirtuins along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in modulating neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Chandramowlishwaran
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Anitha Vijay
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Abraham
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ge Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Simon Musyoka Mwangi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
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Cross-Talk between Diet-Associated Dysbiosis and Hand Osteoarthritis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113469. [PMID: 33198220 PMCID: PMC7696908 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease which leads to pain and disability. Recent studies focus on the role of obesity and metabolic syndrome in inducing or worsening joint damage in hand OA patients, suggesting that chronic low-grade systemic inflammation may represent a possible linking factor. The gut microbiome has a crucial metabolic role which is fundamental for immune system development, among other important functions. Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis may favour metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation-two important components of hand OA onset and evolution. The aim of this narrative is to review the recent literature concerning the possible contribution of dysbiosis to hand OA onset and progression, and to discuss the importance of gut dysbiosis on general health and disease.
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20
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Kim SJ, Miller B, Mehta HH, Xiao J, Wan J, Arpawong TE, Yen K, Cohen P. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c is a regulator of plasma metabolites and enhances insulin sensitivity. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14171. [PMID: 31293078 PMCID: PMC6640593 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTS‐c is an exercise mimetic and improves insulin sensitivity in aged and diet‐induced obese mice. Although plasma markers are good markers for the metabolic condition, whether MOTS‐c changes plasma markers in diet‐induced obese mice has not been examined. Here, we used an unbiased metabolomics approach to examine the effect of MOTS‐c on plasma markers of metabolic dysfunction. We found that three pathways – sphingolipid metabolism, monoacylglycerol metabolism, and dicarboxylate metabolism – were reduced in MOTS‐c–injected mice. Interestingly, these pathways are upregulated in obese and T2D models. MOTS‐c improves insulin sensitivity and increases beta‐oxidation to prevent fat accumulation in DIO mice through these pathways. These results provide us a better understanding of the mechanism of how MOTS‐c improves insulin sensitivity and reduces the body weight and fatty liver and opens a new venue for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brendan Miller
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hemal H Mehta
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jialin Xiao
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thalida E Arpawong
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kelvin Yen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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McCulloch LJ, Bramwell LR, Knight B, Kos K. Circulating and tissue specific transcription of angiopoietin-like protein 4 in human Type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2020; 106:154192. [PMID: 32112823 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is associated with adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction marked by cellular hypertrophy, inflammation, hypoxia and fibrosis. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) inhibits lipoprotein lipase which regulates triglyceride storage. Recently, inhibition of ANGPTL4 has been suggested as potential treatment for type 2 diabetes. Here we evaluate ANGPTL4's role in diabetes and examine ANGPTL4 in relation to markers of AT dysfunction and fatty liver disease. MATERIALS & METHODS We obtained a unique set of paired samples from subjects undergoing weight loss surgery including subcutaneous AT (SCAT), omental AT (OMAT), liver, thigh muscle biopsies and serum including a post-surgical SCAT biopsy after 9 months. RESULTS SCAT ANGPTL4 expression and circulating protein levels were higher in people with diabetes and correlated with glucose levels and HOMA-IR but not BMI. At post-surgical follow up, SCAT ANGPTL4 declined in subjects with diabetes to levels of those without diabetes. ANGPTL4 expression correlated with HIF1A and inflammation (MCP-1, IL-6). CONCLUSIONS We found that SCAT ANGPTL4 was closely linked with the expression of ANGPTL4 in the liver and represented a good proxy for liver steatosis. We suggest the elevation of ANGPTL4 levels in diabetes and the association with inflammation and hypoxia is due to a compensatory mechanism to limit further AT dysfunction. A reduction of ANGPTL4 for the treatment of T2DM as previously suggested is thus unlikely to be of further benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J McCulloch
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Group, Institute of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Laura R Bramwell
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Group, Institute of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Bridget Knight
- Exeter NIHR Clinical Research Facility, RILD, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Katarina Kos
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Group, Institute of Biological and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter, EX2 5DW, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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22
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GR and Foxa1 promote the transcription of ANGPTL4 in bovine adipocytes. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 48:101443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Cho DI, Kang HJ, Jeon JH, Eom GH, Cho HH, Kim MR, Cho M, Jeong HY, Cho HC, Hong MH, Kim YS, Ahn Y. Antiinflammatory activity of ANGPTL4 facilitates macrophage polarization to induce cardiac repair. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125437. [PMID: 31434807 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can suppress pathological inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between MSCs and inflammation remain unclear. Under coculture conditions with macrophages, MSCs highly expressed angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) to blunt the polarization of macrophages toward the proinflammatory phenotype. ANGPTL4-deficient MSCs failed to inhibit the inflammatory macrophage phenotype. In inflammation-related animal models, the injection of coculture medium or ANGPTL4 protein increased the antiinflammatory macrophages in both peritonitis and myocardial infarction. In particular, cardiac function and pathology were markedly improved by ANGPTL4 treatment. We found that retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) was increased by inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, and bound to ANGPTL4 promoter in MSCs. Collectively, RORα-mediated ANGPTL4 induction was shown to contribute to the antiinflammatory activity of MSCs against macrophages under pathological conditions. This study suggests that the capability of ANGPTL4 to induce tissue repair is a promising opportunity for safe stem cell-free regeneration therapy from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Im Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kang
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Jeon
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyang Hee Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Meeyoung Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye-Yun Jeong
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyen Chung Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Moon Hwa Hong
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong Sook Kim
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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24
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ANGPTL-4 is Associated with Obesity and Lipid Profile in Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061340. [PMID: 31207920 PMCID: PMC6628529 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL-4) regulates lipidic metabolism and affects energy homeostasis. However, its function in children with obesity remains unknown. We investigated plasma ANGPTL-4 levels in children and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) and different lipidic parameters such as free fatty acids (FFA). Plasma ANGPTL-4 levels were analyzed in two different cohorts. In the first cohort (n = 150, age 3–17 years), which included children with normal weight or obesity, we performed a cross-sectional study. In the second cohort, which included only children with obesity (n = 20, age 5–18 years) followed up for two years after an intervention for weight loss, in which we performed a longitudinal study measuring ANGPTL-4 before and after BMI-loss. In the cross-sectional study, circulating ANGPTL-4 levels were lower in children with obesity than in those with normal weight. Moreover, ANGPTL-4 presented a negative correlation with BMI, waist circumference, weight, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA index), triglycerides, and leptin, and a positive correlation with FFA and vitamin-D. In the longitudinal study, the percent change in plasma ANGPTL-4 was correlated with the percent change in FFA, total-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This study reveals a significant association of ANGPTL-4 with pediatric obesity and plasma lipid profile.
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25
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Sun L, Ma L, Ma Y, Zhang F, Zhao C, Nie Y. Insights into the role of gut microbiota in obesity: pathogenesis, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives. Protein Cell 2019; 9:397-403. [PMID: 29725936 PMCID: PMC5960470 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Institute of Digestive Diseases Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xi Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lanjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Institute of Digestive Diseases Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Changhai Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xi Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Institute of Digestive Diseases Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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26
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Effects of Angiopoietin-Like 3 on Triglyceride Regulation, Glucose Homeostasis, and Diabetes. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:6578327. [PMID: 30944669 PMCID: PMC6421734 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6578327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) is a regulator of plasma triglyceride (TRG) levels due to its inhibitory action on the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). ANGPTL3 is proteolytically cleaved by proprotein convertases to generate an active N-terminal domain, which forms a complex with ANGPTL8 orchestrating LPL inhibition. ANGPTL3-4-8 mouse model studies indicate that these three ANGPTL family members play a significant role in partitioning the circulating TRG to specific tissues according to nutritional states. Recent data indicate a positive correlation of ANGPTL3 with plasma glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in insulin-resistant states. The aim of this review is to critically present the metabolic effects of ANGPTL3, focusing on the possible mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of carbohydrate homeostasis by this protein. Heterozygous and homozygous carriers of ANGPTL3 loss-of-function mutations have reduced risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Suggested mechanisms for the implication of ANGPTL3 in carbohydrate metabolism include the (i) increment of free fatty acids (FFAs) owing to the enhancement of lipolysis in adipose tissue, which can induce peripheral as well as hepatic insulin resistance; (ii) promotion of FFA flux to white adipose tissue during feeding, leading to the attenuation of de novo lipogenesis and decreased glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity; (iii) induction of hypothalamic LPL activity in mice, which is highly expressed throughout the brain and is associated with enhanced brain lipid sensing, reduction of food intake, and inhibition of glucose production (however, the effects of ANGPTL3 on hypothalamic LPL in humans need more clarification); and (iv) upregulation of ANGPTL4 expression (owing to the plasma FFA increase), which possibly enhances insulin resistance due to the selective inhibition of LPL in white adipose tissue leading to ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. Future trials will reveal if ANGPTL3 inhibition could be considered an alternative therapeutic target for dyslipidemia and dysglycemia.
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27
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Alghanim G, Qaddoumi MG, Alhasawi N, Cherian P, Al-Khairi I, Nizam R, Alkayal F, Alanbaei M, Tuomilehto J, Abubaker J, Abu-Farha M, Al-Mulla F. Higher Levels of ANGPTL5 in the Circulation of Subjects With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:495. [PMID: 31396158 PMCID: PMC6668602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The family of angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) is composed of eight ANGPTLs members that are involved in regulating various metabolic processes and have been implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. ANGPTL5 is an understudied member of this family that has been suggested to regulate triglyceride metabolism with a potential role in obesity. This study was designed to investigate the expression levels of ANGPTL5 protein in the circulation of subjects with obesity and T2D. Methods: A total of 204 subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, of which 95 had diagnosed T2D and 109 did not (non-T2D). Within the non-T2D group, 39 subjects were obese (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2) and 70 were not (BMI < 30 Kg/m2). Among subjects with T2D, 61 were obese and 34 were non-obese. Circulating ANGPTL5 plasma levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In this study, we showed that ANGPTL5 levels were higher in the plasma of subjects with T2D [mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM): 5.78 ± 2.70 ng/mL] compared with individuals without T2D (mean ± SEM: 4.42 ± 2.22 ng/mL; P < 0.001). Obese and non-T2D subjects had significantly higher levels of ANGPTL5 (mean ± SEM: 5.115 ± 0.366 ng/mL) compared with non-obese, non-T2D subjects (mean ± SEM: 4.02 ± 0.271 ng/mL; P = 0.003). Similarly, among subjects with diagnosed T2D, those who were obese had higher ANGPTL5 plasma levels than non-obese subjects, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.088). Correlation analyses revealed that ANGPTL5 levels positively associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TGL), and insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR. Conclusion: our data shows for the first time that circulating ANGPTL5 levels were higher in obese individuals and those with T2D. Further analysis will be required to better understand the interaction between ANGPTL5 and other metabolic related biomarkers to shed more light on its role in diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Alghanim
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed G. Qaddoumi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Nouf Alhasawi
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rasheeba Nizam
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fadi Alkayal
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Muath Alanbaei
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Jehad Abubaker
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Mohamed Abu-Farha ;
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Fahd Al-Mulla
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28
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Roh E, Park JW, Kang GM, Lee CH, Dugu H, Gil SY, Song DK, Kim HJ, Son GH, Yu R, Kim MS. Exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide regulates energy metabolism via hypothalamic connexin 43. Metabolism 2018; 88:51-60. [PMID: 30179604 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 is an important regulator of hypothalamic neuronal function. Thus, an adequate hypothalamic NAD content is critical for maintaining normal energy homeostasis. METHODS We investigated whether NAD supplementation increases hypothalamic NAD levels and affects energy metabolism in mice. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of exogenous NAD on central metabolism upon entering the hypothalamus. RESULTS Central and peripheral NAD administration suppressed fasting-induced hyperphagia and weight gain in mice. Extracellular NAD was imported into N1 hypothalamic neuronal cells in a connexin 43-dependent and CD73-independent manner. Consistent with the in vitro data, inhibition of hypothalamic connexin 43 blocked hypothalamic NAD uptake and NAD-induced anorexia. Exogenous NAD suppressed NPY and AgRP transcriptional activity, which was mediated by SIRT1 and FOXO1. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous NAD is effectively transported to the hypothalamus via a connexin 43-dependent mechanism and increases hypothalamic NAD content. Therefore, NAD supplementation is a potential therapeutic method for metabolic disorders characterized by hypothalamic NAD depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Roh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Dugu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Gil
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyeong Song
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
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Yang X, Cheng Y, Su G. A review of the multifunctionality of angiopoietin-like 4 in eye disease. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180557. [PMID: 30049845 PMCID: PMC6137252 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a multifunctional cytokine regulating vascular permeability, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Dysregulations in these responses contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic retinopathies such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vein occlusion, and sickle cell retinopathy (SCR). However, the role of ANGPTL4 in these diseases remains controversial. Here, we summarize the functional mechanisms of ANGPTL4 in several diseases. We highlight original studies that provide detailed data about the mechanisms of action for ANGPTL4, its applications as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker, and its use as a potential therapeutic target. Taken together, the discussions in this review will help us gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which ANGPTL4 functions in eye disease and will provide directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Guanfang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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30
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Kessoku T, Imajo K, Kobayashi T, Honda Y, Ogawa Y, Yoneda M, Saito S, Nakajima A. [Gut microbiota and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2018; 152:187-193. [PMID: 30298840 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.152.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a disease that may lead to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The number of patients is increasing steadily and the pathology is diverse. Effective treatment is still mainly focused on diet and exercise therapy. With the advent of the next-generation sequencer, the intestinal flora in NAFLD/NASH is being elucidated. We believe that elevation of endotoxin in the blood caused by intestinal bacterial dysbiosis caused by intestinal permeability enhancement is important for NASH pathology and control of intestinal permeability enhancement has a new possibility for treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine
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31
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Chang H, Kwon O, Shin MS, Kang GM, Leem YH, Lee CH, Kim SJ, Roh E, Kim HK, Youn BS, Kim MS. Role of Angptl4/Fiaf in exercise-induced skeletal muscle AMPK activation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:715-722. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00984.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4)/fasting-induced adipose factor (Fiaf) expression levels are increased by exercise in skeletal muscle. We have previously shown that Angptl4 regulates food intake and energy expenditure via modulation of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. AMPK is an important signaling molecule that integrates skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of Angptl4 in exercise-induced AMPK activation in skeletal muscle. Angptl4 protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of mice following a 50-min running bout. Treatment of C2C12 myotubes with Angptl4 increased phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which were markers of AMPK activation, and the mitochondrial maximum respiratory capacity. Treadmill exercise increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in the gastrocnemius of normal mice; this phosphorylation increase was attenuated in mice lacking Angptl4. Endurance to swimming and hanging was also reduced in Angptl4 knockout mice. Taken together, our current data demonstrate that exercise-induced upregulation of skeletal muscle Angptl4 is critical for AMPK activation and exercise tolerance. These findings unveil a new role for skeletal muscle Angptl4 in exercise physiology. NEW & NOTEWORTHY 1) Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) treatment activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in skeletal muscle cells. 2) Angptl4 increases the maximum mitochondrial oxidative capacity through AMPK activation in skeletal muscle cells. 3) Lack of Angptl4 mitigates exercise-induced skeletal muscle AMPK activation. 4) Angptl4-deficient mice show a lower endurance to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukki Chang
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Obin Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Seon Shin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hanil General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yea Hyun Leem
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Movement Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Kim
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyong Kim
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Barja-Fernandez S, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Folgueira C, Xifra G, Sabater M, Castelao C, FernØ J, Leis R, Diéguez C, Casanueva FF, Ricart W, Seoane LM, Fernandez-Real JM, Nogueiras R. Plasma ANGPTL-4 is Associated with Obesity and Glucose Tolerance: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Findings. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barja-Fernandez
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina; IDIS; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- Departamento de Pediatría; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta; Girona Spain
| | - Cintia Folgueira
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina; IDIS; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS; University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria; Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Gemma Xifra
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta; Girona Spain
| | - Mònica Sabater
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta; Girona Spain
| | - Cecilia Castelao
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina; IDIS; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Johan FernØ
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research; Department of Clinical Science; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Departamento de Pediatría; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS; University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria; Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
- Departamento de Medicina; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta; Girona Spain
| | - Luisa M. Seoane
- Grupo Fisiopatología Endocrina; IDIS; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernandez-Real
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta; Girona Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Instituto Salud Carlos III; Spain
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS; University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria; Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
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Even M, Davail S, Rey M, Tavernier A, Houssier M, Bernadet MD, Gontier K, Pascal G, Ricaud K. Probiotics Strains Modulate Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in Mule Ducks. Open Microbiol J 2018; 12:71-93. [PMID: 29755604 PMCID: PMC5925865 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Livestock production should respond to societal, environmental and economic changes. Since 2006 and the ban on antibiotics as growth factors in European Union, the use of probiotics has become widespread and has demonstrated the effect of intestinal microbiota on the performance of farm animals. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation with Lactobacillus salivarius (as a probiotics strain or combined with other strains) on zootechnical performance, metabolic and immune gene expression and intestinal microbiota diversity in mule ducks using high-throughput sequencing and real-time PCR. Method: The mule ducks were reared for 79 days and overfed for 12 days with or without probiotics. Samples were collected at 14 (starting period) and 91 days (end of overfeeding period), 3 hours post feeding. Results: Irrespective of digestive content, age, level of feed intake or supplementation with probiotics, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the bacterial community in mule ducks. At 14 days, both the ileal and cecal samples were dominated by Firmicutes (in particular the Clostridiales order). Overfeeding induced a shift between Clostridiales and Lactobacillales in the ileal samples whereas in the cecal samples, the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased. Overfeeding also induced hepatic over-expression of Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) and of the lipid transporter gene Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4). This increase in lipid metabolism genes is associated with a decrease in inflammatory response. Conclusion: Finally, probiotic supplementation had only a slight impact on gene expression and microbiota diversity, both at 14 days and after overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Even
- UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, 371 rue du ruisseau, 40000 Mont de Marsan, France.,UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, Quartier Ibarron, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Stéphane Davail
- UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, 371 rue du ruisseau, 40000 Mont de Marsan, France.,UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, Quartier Ibarron, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Mikael Rey
- UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, 371 rue du ruisseau, 40000 Mont de Marsan, France
| | - Annabelle Tavernier
- UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, 371 rue du ruisseau, 40000 Mont de Marsan, France.,UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, Quartier Ibarron, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Marianne Houssier
- UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, 371 rue du ruisseau, 40000 Mont de Marsan, France.,UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, Quartier Ibarron, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Marie Dominique Bernadet
- UEPFG INRA Bordeaux-Aquitaine, (Unité Expérimentale Palmipèdes à Foie Gras), Domaine d'Artiguères 1076, route de Haut Mauco, F-40280 Benquet, France
| | - Karine Gontier
- UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, 371 rue du ruisseau, 40000 Mont de Marsan, France.,UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, Quartier Ibarron, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Géraldine Pascal
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Karine Ricaud
- UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, 371 rue du ruisseau, 40000 Mont de Marsan, France.,UMR 1419 INRA UPPA NuMéA, Quartier Ibarron, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
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34
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Sadeghabadi ZA, Nourbakhsh M, Alaee M, Larijani B, Razzaghy-Azar M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and angiopoietin-like protein 4 levels in obese children and adolescents. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:241-247. [PMID: 28733963 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is highly expressed in adipose tissue and functions as transcriptional regulator of metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), a central player in various aspects of energy homoeostasis, is induced by PPARγ. The aim of this study was to evaluate ANGPTL4 plasma levels and PPARγ gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of children and adolescents with obesity and their association with metabolic parameters. METHODS Seventy children and adolescents (35 obese and 35 age- and gender-matched control subjects), were selected. PBMCs were separated and their total RNA was extracted. After cDNA synthesis, PPARG gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. Relative differences in gene expression were calculated by ΔCt method using β-actin as a normalizer. Serum ANGPTL4 and insulin were measured using ELISA, and insulin resistance (IR) was calculated by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C were also measured. RESULTS The expression of the PPARG gene as well as the plasma ANGPTL4 levels were significantly diminished in obese subjects as compared to control ones. However, they were not significantly different in obese children with IR compared to obese children without IR or in those with or without metabolic syndrome. A significant positive correlation was found between PPARγ and ANGPTL4 (r = 0.364, p = 0.002). PPARγ expression levels were also significantly correlated with FPG (r = -0.35, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION PPARγ is decreased in childhood obesity and may be responsible for diminished ANGPTL4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Sadeghabadi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Alaee
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Razzaghy-Azar
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- H. Aliasghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Popova P, Vasilyeva L, Tkachuck A, Puzanov M, Golovkin A, Bolotko Y, Pustozerov E, Vasilyeva E, Li O, Zazerskaya I, Dmitrieva R, Kostareva A, Grineva E. A Randomised, Controlled Study of Different Glycaemic Targets during Gestational Diabetes Treatment: Effect on the Level of Adipokines in Cord Blood and ANGPTL4 Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:6481658. [PMID: 29861725 PMCID: PMC5976949 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6481658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to study the expression of adipokine-encoding genes (leptin, adiponectin, and angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4)) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and adipokine concentration in cord blood from women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) depending on glycaemic targets. GDM patients were randomised to 2 groups per target glycaemic levels: GDM1 (tight glycaemic targets, fasting blood glucose < 5.1 mmol/L and <7.0 mmol/L postprandial, N = 20) and GDM2 (less tight glycaemic targets, <5.3 mmol/L and < 7.8 mmol/L, respectively, N = 21). The control group included 25 women with normal glucose tolerance. ANGPTL4 expression was decreased in the HUVECs from GDM patients versus the control group (23.11 ± 5.71, 21.47 ± 5.64, and 98.33 ± 20.92, for GDM1, GDM2, and controls; p < 0.001) with no difference between GDM1 and GDM2. The level of adiponectin gene expression was low and did not differ among the groups. Leptin gene expression was undetectable in HUVECs. In cord blood, leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) was increased in GDM2 compared to controls and GDM1 (p = 0.038) and did not differ between GDM1 and controls. Tight glycaemic targets were associated with normalisation of increased LAR in the cord blood. ANGPTL4 expression was downregulated in HUVECs of newborns from GDM mothers and was not affected by the intensity of glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Popova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - L. Vasilyeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. Tkachuck
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. Puzanov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. Golovkin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Y. Bolotko
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. Pustozerov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. Vasilyeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. Li
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - I. Zazerskaya
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - R. Dmitrieva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. Grineva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Internal Diseases and Endocrinology, St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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36
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Bird JK, Raederstorff D, Weber P, Steinert RE. Cardiovascular and Antiobesity Effects of Resveratrol Mediated through the Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:839-849. [PMID: 29141969 PMCID: PMC5682996 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.016568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Encouraging scientific research into the health effects of dietary bioactive resveratrol has been confounded by its rapid first-pass metabolism, which leads to low in vivo bioavailability. Preliminary studies have shown that resveratrol can modulate gut microbiota composition, undergo biotransformation to active metabolites via the intestinal microbiota, or affect gut barrier function. In rodents, resveratrol can modify the relative Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratio and reverse the gut microbial dysbiosis caused by a high-fat diet. By upregulating the expression of genes involved in maintaining tight junctions between intestinal cells, resveratrol contributes to gut barrier integrity. The composition of the gut microbiome and rapid metabolism of resveratrol determines the production of resveratrol metabolites, which are found at greater concentrations in humans after ingestion than their parent molecule and can have similar biological effects. Resveratrol may affect cardiovascular risk factors such as elevated blood cholesterol or trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations. Modulating the composition of the gut microbiota by resveratrol may affect central energy metabolism and modify concentrations of satiety hormones to produce antiobesity effects. Encouraging research from animal models could be tested in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Bird
- Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland, and
| | - Daniel Raederstorff
- Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland, and
| | - Peter Weber
- Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland, and
| | - Robert E Steinert
- Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland, and,Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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37
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Goenka L, George M, Singh V, Jena A, Seshadri D, Karunakaran V, Elumalai DV, Rani J, Kaliappan I. Do ANGPTL-4 and galectin-3 reflect the severity of coronary artery disease? Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 11:261-270. [PMID: 28795637 PMCID: PMC5933584 DOI: 10.1177/1753944717723311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. We thereby sought to investigate whether the biomarkers, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL-4) and galectin-3, reflect the severity of CAD. METHODS Patients were screened based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and written informed consent was obtained from the patients. Serum ANGPTL-4 and galectin-3 was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and correlated with the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) and GENSINI score using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 226 patients consisting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI/unstable angina (USA), chronic stable angina (CSA) and normal controls (NCs) participated in the study. ANGPTL-4 and galectin-3 were significantly higher in CAD than the NC group. ANGPTL-4 showed significant negative correlation with GRACE score in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) ( r = -0.211, p = 0.03) patients. ANGPTL-4 showed significant positive correlation with serum creatinine ( r = 0.304, p = 0.056) and body mass index (BMI) ( r = 0.424, p = 0.009) in CSA patients. A modest positive correlation was observed between the serum galectin-3 levels and GRACE score ( r = 0.187, p = 0.055) in ACS patients. However, on multivariate analysis the positive correlation relationship between ANGPTL-4 and galectin-3 with the severity of CAD was not sustained. CONCLUSION In conclusion, ANGPTL-4 and galectin-3 do not appear to have a promising role for assessing the severity of CAD. Nevertheless these biomarkers do warrant further exploration in improving the management of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxitaa Goenka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH
& RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Melvin George
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH
& RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Vishakha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University,
Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amrita Jena
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH
& RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepika Seshadri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH
& RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasanth Karunakaran
- Department of IIISM, SRM University,
Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jamuna Rani
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM MCH & RC,
Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ilango Kaliappan
- Department of IIISM, SRM University,
Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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38
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Lu R, Zhou J, Liu B, Liang N, He Y, Bai L, Zhang P, Zhong Y, Zhou Y, Zhou J. Paeoniflorin ameliorates Adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome through the PPARγ/ANGPTL4 pathway in vivo and vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:137-147. [PMID: 28972886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), an effective composition that is extracted from Radix Paeoniae Alba, plays a role in protecting against various kidney diseases. However, the mechanism of PF on nephrotic syndrome (NS) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of PF on Adriamycin (ADR)-induced NS in vivo and vitro as well as its potential mechanism. In animal study, PF significantly decreased the levels of 24-h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, total cholesterol and triglycerides in NS rats, but increased the total protein and albumin levels. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining revealed that the kidney lesion was resolved upon PF treatment. After treatment with PF, the morphology and number of podocytes in renal tissue were restored to normal. PF increased expression of synaptopodin and decreased expression of desmin, demonstrating a protective effect in podocyte injury. Further studies revealed that PF upregulated Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and restrained Angiopointin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in kidney tissue. In vitro study, PF reduced Caspase3 and Bax and increased Bcl-2, indicating that the apoptosis rate of podocytes induced by ADR was reduced by PF. Furthermore, PF ameliorated podocyte injury by upregulating synaptopodin and reducing desmin. In accordance with animal study, PF downregulated ANGPTL4 by activating PPARγ. However, the therapeutic effects of PF were reversed by GW9662 (PPARγ inhibitor), likely by suppressing ANGPTL4 degradation. In general, these results demonstrate that PF has a good therapeutic effect on NS by activating PPARγ and subsequently inhibiting ANGPTL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bihao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lixia Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Peichun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yanchun Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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39
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McQueen AE, Kanamaluru D, Yan K, Gray NE, Wu L, Li ML, Chang A, Hasan A, Stifler D, Koliwad SK, Wang JC. The C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain of angiopoietin-like 4 stimulates adipose tissue lipolysis and promotes energy expenditure. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16122-16134. [PMID: 28842503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angptl4 (Angiopoietin-like 4) is a circulating protein secreted by white and brown adipose tissues and the liver. Structurally, Angptl4 contains an N-terminal coiled-coil domain (CCD) connected to a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain (FLD) via a cleavable linker, and both full-length Angptl4 and its individual domains circulate in the bloodstream. Angptl4 inhibits extracellular lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and stimulates the lipolysis of triacylglycerol stored by adipocytes in the white adipose tissue (WAT). The former activity is furnished by the CCD, but the Angptl4 domain responsible for stimulating adipocyte lipolysis is unknown. We show here that the purified FLD of Angptl4 is sufficient to stimulate lipolysis in mouse primary adipocytes and that increasing circulating FLD levels in mice through adenovirus-mediated overexpression (Ad-FLD) not only induces WAT lipolysis in vivo but also reduces diet-induced obesity without affecting LPL activity. Intriguingly, reduced adiposity in Ad-FLD mice was associated with increased oxygen consumption, fat utilization, and the expression of thermogenic genes (Ucp1 and Ppargc1a) in subcutaneous WAT. Moreover, Ad-FLD mice exhibited increased glucose tolerance. Chronically enhancing WAT lipolysis could produce ectopic steatosis because of an overflow of lipids from the WAT to peripheral tissues; however, this did not occur when Ad-FLD mice were fed a high-fat diet. Rather, these mice had reductions in both circulating triacylglycerol levels and the mRNA levels of lipogenic genes in the liver and skeletal muscle. We conclude that separating the FLD from the CCD-mediated LPL-inhibitory activity of full-length Angptl4 reveals lipolytic and thermogenic properties with therapeutic relevance to obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E McQueen
- From the Metabolic Biology Graduate Program and.,the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Deepthi Kanamaluru
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Kimberly Yan
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Nora E Gray
- From the Metabolic Biology Graduate Program and.,the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Leslie Wu
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Mei-Lan Li
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Anthony Chang
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Adeeba Hasan
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | | | - Suneil K Koliwad
- the Diabetes Center and .,the Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- From the Metabolic Biology Graduate Program and .,the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
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40
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Howell MD, Ottesen EW, Singh NN, Anderson RL, Seo J, Sivanesan S, Whitley EM, Singh RN. TIA1 is a gender-specific disease modifier of a mild mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7183. [PMID: 28775379 PMCID: PMC5543135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by deletions or mutations of Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. The nearly identical SMN2 cannot compensate for SMN1 loss due to exon 7 skipping. The allele C (C +/+) mouse recapitulates a mild SMA-like phenotype and offers an ideal system to monitor the role of disease-modifying factors over a long time. T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) regulates SMN exon 7 splicing. TIA1 is reported to be downregulated in obese patients, although it is not known if the effect is gender-specific. We show that female Tia1-knockout (Tia1 -/-) mice gain significant body weight (BW) during early postnatal development. We next examined the effect of Tia1 deletion in novel C +/+/Tia1 -/- mice. Underscoring the opposing effects of Tia1 deletion and low SMN level on BW gain, both C +/+ and C +/+/Tia1 -/- females showed similar BW gain trajectory at all time points during our study. We observed early tail necrosis in C +/+/Tia1 -/- females but not in males. We show enhanced impairment of male reproductive organ development and exacerbation of the C +/+/Tia1 -/- testis transcriptome. Our findings implicate a protein factor as a gender-specific modifier of a mild mouse model of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Howell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Eric W Ottesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Natalia N Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Rachel L Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Joonbae Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth M Whitley
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, USA
- Pathogenesis, LLC, Gainesville, Florida, 32614, USA
| | - Ravindra N Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA.
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Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Magnan C. Brain lipoprotein lipase as a regulator of energy balance. Biochimie 2017; 143:51-55. [PMID: 28751218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system is an essential actor in the control of the energy balance. Indeed, many signals of nervous (vagal afferent for example) or circulating (hormone, nutrients) origin converge towards the brain to inform it permanently of the energetic status of the organism. In turn, the brain sends information to the periphery (sympathetic vagal balance, thyroid or corticotropic axis) which allows a fine regulation of the energy fluxes by acting on the hepatic glucose production, the secretion of the pancreatic hormones (glucagon, insulin) or food behavior. Among the nutrients, increasing amount of data assigns a signal molecule role to lipids such as fatty acids. These fatty acids may originate from the bloodstream but may also be the product of the hydrolysis of lipoproteins such as chylomicrons or VLDLs. Indeed, the identification of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the brain has led to the hypothesis that the LPL-dependent degradation of TG-enriched particles, and the addition of fatty acids, as informative molecules, to sensitive cells (neurons and/or astrocytes), plays a key role in maintaining the energy balance at equilibrium. Other lipases could also participate in these regulatory mechanisms. This review will summarize the state of the art and open up perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cruciani-Guglielmacci
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Denis Diderot, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Denis Diderot, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Bâtiment Buffon, P. O. box 7126, 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
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Ingerslev B, Hansen JS, Hoffmann C, Clemmesen JO, Secher NH, Scheler M, Hrabĕ de Angelis M, Häring HU, Pedersen BK, Weigert C, Plomgaard P. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 is an exercise-induced hepatokine in humans, regulated by glucagon and cAMP. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1286-1295. [PMID: 29031727 PMCID: PMC5641605 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Angiopoietin-like protein-4 (ANGPTL4) is a circulating protein that is highly expressed in liver and implicated in regulation of plasma triglyceride levels. Systemic ANGPTL4 increases during prolonged fasting and is suggested to be secreted from skeletal muscle following exercise. Methods We investigated the origin of exercise-induced ANGPTL4 in humans by measuring the arterial-to-venous difference over the leg and the hepato-splanchnic bed during an acute bout of exercise. Furthermore, the impact of the glucagon-to-insulin ratio on plasma ANGPTL4 was studied in healthy individuals. The regulation of ANGPTL4 was investigated in both hepatic and muscle cells. Results The hepato-splanchnic bed, but not the leg, contributed to exercise-induced plasma ANGPTL4. Further studies using hormone infusions revealed that the glucagon-to-insulin ratio is an important regulator of plasma ANGPTL4 as elevated glucagon in the absence of elevated insulin increased plasma ANGPTL4 in resting subjects, whereas infusion of somatostatin during exercise blunted the increase of both glucagon and ANGPTL4. Moreover, activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling cascade let to an increase in ANGPTL4 mRNA levels in hepatic cells, which was prevented by inhibition of PKA. In humans, muscle ANGPTL4 mRNA increased during fasting, with only a marginal further induction by exercise. In human muscle cells, no inhibitory effect of AMPK activation could be demonstrated on ANGPTL4 expression. Conclusions The data suggest that exercise-induced ANGPTL4 is secreted from the liver and driven by a glucagon-cAMP-PKA pathway in humans. These findings link the liver, insulin/glucagon, and lipid metabolism together, which could implicate a role of ANGPTL4 in metabolic diseases. Release of Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 from the hepato-splanchnic bed is induced by exercise. It is regulated by the glucagon-to-insulin ratio in vivo in humans. In vitro in hepatocytes Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 is stimulated by cAMP. Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 is not released from the exercising nor resting leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Ingerslev
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jakob S Hansen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Christoph Hoffmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jens O Clemmesen
- Department of Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niels H Secher
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mika Scheler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Enviromental Health Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Martin Hrabĕ de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Enviromental Health Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hans U Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Cora Weigert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
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Seo M, Kim J, Moon SS, Hwang JS, Kim MA. Intraventricular administration of Tenebrio molitor larvae extract regulates food intake and body weight in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Nutr Res 2017; 44:18-26. [PMID: 28821314 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported the in vitro and in vivo antiobesity effects of Tenebrio molitor larvae, a traditional food in many countries, but it remains unknown how the larvae affect appetite regulation in mice with diet-induced obesity. We hypothesized that the extract of T molitor larvae mediates appetite by regulating neuropeptide expression. We investigated T molitor larvae extract's (TME's) effects on anorexigenesis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced orexigenic neuropeptide expression in the hypothalami of obese mice. Intracerebroventricular TME administration suppressed feeding by down-regulating the expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein. T molitor larvae extract significantly reduced the expression of ER stress response genes. These results suggest that TME and its bioactive components are potential therapeutics for obesity and ER stress-driven disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HK, Kwon O, Park KH, Lee KJ, Youn BS, Kim SW, Kim MS. Angiopoietin-like peptide 4 regulates insulin secretion and islet morphology. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:113-118. [PMID: 28188788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells is primarily regulated by the blood glucose level, and also modulated by a number of biological factors produced inside the islets or released from remote organs. Previous studies have shown that angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) controls glucose and lipid metabolism through its actions in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscles. In this present study, we investigated the possible role of Angptl4 in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. Angptl4 was found to be highly expressed in the α-cells but not β-cells of rodent islets. Moreover, treatment of rodent islets with Angptl4 peptide potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through a protein kinase A-dependent mechanism. Consistently, Angptl4 knockout mice showed impaired glucose tolerance. In the cultured islets from Angptl4 knockout mice, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was significantly lower than in islets from wild type mice. Angptl4 peptide replacement partially reversed this reduction. Moreover, Angptl4 knockout mice had dysmorphic islets with abnormally distributed α-cells. In contrast, the β-cell mass and distribution were not significantly altered in these knockout mice. Our current data collectively suggest that Angptl4 may play a critical role in the regulation of insulin secretion and islet morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyong Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Obin Kwon
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Han Park
- Department of Anatomy, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | | | - Seung-Whan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
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La Paglia L, Listì A, Caruso S, Amodeo V, Passiglia F, Bazan V, Fanale D. Potential Role of ANGPTL4 in the Cross Talk between Metabolism and Cancer through PPAR Signaling Pathway. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:8187235. [PMID: 28182091 PMCID: PMC5274667 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8187235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) protein belongs to a superfamily of secreted proteins structurally related to factors modulating angiogenesis known as angiopoietins. At first, ANGPTL4 has been identified as an adipokine exclusively involved in lipid metabolism, because of its prevalent expression in liver and adipose tissue. This protein regulates lipid metabolism by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and stimulating lipolysis of white adipose tissue (WAT), resulting in increased levels of plasma triglycerides (TG) and fatty acids. Subsequently, ANGPTL4 has been shown to be involved in several nonmetabolic and metabolic conditions, both physiological and pathological, including angiogenesis and vascular permeability, cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, glucose homoeostasis, lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, wound healing, inflammation, and redox regulation. The transcriptional regulation of ANGPTL4 can be modulated by several transcription factors, including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ, and HIF-1α, and nutritional and hormonal conditions. Several studies showed that high levels of ANGPTL4 are associated with poor prognosis in patients with various solid tumors, suggesting an important role in cancer onset and progression, metastasis, and anoikis resistance. Here, we have discussed the potential role of ANGPTL4 in mediating the cross talk between metabolic syndromes, such as diabetes and obesity, and cancer through regulation of its expression by PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura La Paglia
- ICAR-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Listì
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR 1162, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Valeria Amodeo
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Francesco Passiglia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Scheithauer TP, Dallinga-Thie GM, de Vos WM, Nieuwdorp M, van Raalte DH. Causality of small and large intestinal microbiota in weight regulation and insulin resistance. Mol Metab 2016; 5:759-70. [PMID: 27617199 PMCID: PMC5004227 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The twin pandemics of obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are a global challenge for health care systems. Changes in the environment, behavior, diet, and lifestyle during the last decades are considered the major causes. A Western diet, which is rich in saturated fat and simple sugars, may lead to changes in gut microbial composition and physiology, which have recently been linked to the development of metabolic diseases. METHODS We will discuss evidence that demonstrates the influence of the small and large intestinal microbiota on weight regulation and the development of insulin resistance, based on literature search. RESULTS Altered large intestinal microbial composition may promote obesity by increasing energy harvest through specialized gut microbes. In both large and small intestine, microbial alterations may increase gut permeability that facilitates the translocation of whole bacteria or endotoxic bacterial components into metabolic active tissues. Moreover, changed microbial communities may affect the production of satiety-inducing signals. Finally, bacterial metabolic products, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their relative ratios, may be causal in disturbed immune and metabolic signaling, notably in the small intestine where the surface is large. The function of these organs (adipose tissue, brain, liver, muscle, pancreas) may be disturbed by the induction of low-grade inflammation, contributing to insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Interventions aimed to restoring gut microbial homeostasis, such as ingestion of specific fibers or therapeutic microbes, are promising strategies to reduce insulin resistance and the related metabolic abnormalities in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. This article is part of a special issue on microbiota.
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Key Words
- 16s rRNA, 16S ribosomal RNA (30S small subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes)
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- AS160, Akt substrate of 160 kDa
- Angptl4, Angiopoietin-like 4
- CB1R, cannabinoid receptor type 1
- CCL2, Chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2
- DIO, diet-induced obesity
- Diabetes
- GF, germ-free
- GLP, glucagon-like peptide
- Gpr, G-protein coupled receptor
- Gut microbiota
- HFD, high fat diet
- IL, interleukin
- IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate 1
- Insulin resistance
- JNK, C-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LBP, LPS-binding protein
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1
- NOD1, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1
- Obesity
- PKB, protein kinase B (also known as Akt)
- PYY, peptide YY (for tyrosine–tyrosine)
- RYGB, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
- SCFA, short-chain fatty acid
- T2D, Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
- WHO, World Health Organization
- Weight regulation
- ZO, zonula occludens
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten P.M. Scheithauer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- WU Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wagening University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël H. van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang Y, Liu LM, Wei L, Ye WW, Meng XY, Chen F, Xiao Q, Chen JY, Zhou Y. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance but induces liver steatosis in high-fat-diet mice. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3293-300. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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López M, Nogueiras R, Tena-Sempere M, Diéguez C. Hypothalamic AMPK: a canonical regulator of whole-body energy balance. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12:421-32. [PMID: 27199291 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a major role in the modulation of energy balance. AMPK is activated in conditions of low energy, increasing energy production and reducing energy consumption. The AMPK pathway is a canonical route regulating energy homeostasis by integrating peripheral signals, such as hormones and metabolites, with neuronal networks. Current evidence has implicated AMPK in the hypothalamus and hindbrain with feeding, brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue, through modulation of the sympathetic nervous system, as well as glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, several potential antiobesity and/or antidiabetic agents, some of which are currently in clinical use such as metformin and liraglutide, exert some of their actions by acting on AMPK. Furthermore, the orexigenic and weight-gain effects of commonly used antipsychotic drugs are also mediated by hypothalamic AMPK. Overall, this evidence suggests that hypothalamic AMPK signalling is an interesting target for drug development, but is this approach feasible? In this Review we discuss the current understanding of hypothalamic AMPK and its role in the central regulation of energy balance and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Hospital Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
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Abstract
It is now well established that a healthy gut flora is largely responsible for the overall health of the host, while a perturbation in gut microbial communities can contribute to disease susceptibility. Obesity is a complex process involving genetic and environmental factors with an epidemiological burden that makes it a major public health issue. Studies of germ-free or gnotobiotic mice provided evidence that the diversity, as well as the presence and relative proportion of different microbes in the gut play active roles in energy homeostasis. Similarly, human studies showed that both the diversity of the microbiota and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio are decreased in obese individuals. The 'obese microbiota' seems to be able to increase dietary energy harvest and favor weight gain and fat deposition. Although research in this field has just started and many of the available data are still conflicting, the results are providing exciting perspectives, and gut microbiota manipulation has already become a new target for both prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Compare
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Hepatogastroenterology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Kim J, Yun EY, Park SW, Goo TW, Seo M. Allomyrina Dichotoma Larvae Regulate Food Intake and Body Weight in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice Through mTOR and Mapk Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2016; 8:100. [PMID: 26901224 PMCID: PMC4772062 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that the Korean horn beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma) has anti-hepatofibrotic, anti-neoplastic, and antibiotic effects and is recognized as a traditional medicine. In our previous works, Allomyrina dichotoma larvae (ADL) inhibited differentiation of adipocytes both in vitro and in vivo. However, the anorexigenic and endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress-reducing effects of ADL in obesity has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the anorexigenic and ER stress-reducing effects of ADL in the hypothalamus of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of ethanol extract of ADL (ADE) suggested that an antagonizing effect on ghrelin-induced feeding behavior through the mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. Especially, ADE resulted in strong reduction of ER stress both in vitro and in vivo. These findings strongly suggest that ADE and its constituent bioactive compounds are available and valuable to use for treatment of various diseases driven by prolonged ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea.
| | - Eun-Young Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Seong-Won Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 38430, Korea.
| | - Tae-Won Goo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea.
| | - Minchul Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
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