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Çitak Ş, Dadandı İ. The effect of earthquake exposure on PTSD symptoms is mediated by intrusive rumination and moderated by gender: a cross-sectional study on the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake survivors. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2294. [PMID: 39180034 PMCID: PMC11342482 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that natural disasters, such as earthquakes, can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with women being particularly vulnerable. However, there is a dearth of knowledge about the underlying mechanisms linking traumatic experiences to PTSD as well as gender differences in the operation of these mechanisms. This study examined the mediating effect of intrusive rumination and the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between earthquake exposure level and PTSD symptoms. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted 12 months after the devastating earthquake in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. The sample included 632 adult survivors of the earthquake, including 374 females (59.2%) and 258 males (40.8%). Participants completed a set of questionnaires assessing their demographic information, level of earthquake exposure, intrusive rumination, and PTSD symptoms. Correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and conditional process analysis were employed to evaluate the research hypotheses. RESULTS Findings revealed significant associations between the level of earthquake exposure, intrusive rumination and PTSD symptoms. The level of earthquake exposure significantly predicted PTSD symptoms. Moreover, intrusive rumination partially mediated the relationship between earthquake exposure level and PTSD symptoms. Additionally, the mediating effect of intrusive rumination was more pronounced among females than males. CONCLUSION This study revealed the significant mediating role of intrusive rumination in the development of post-earthquake PTSD symptoms. By uncovering gender differences in this mechanism, it also emphasized the importance of designing interventions that are sensitive to the varying needs of different demographic groups affected by the disaster in post-disaster mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şenel Çitak
- Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey.
| | - İbrahim Dadandı
- Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, 66900, Turkey
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Lai BS, Riobueno-Naylor A, Baum C, Hawkins SS. Population-level effects of Hurricane Sandy on adolescent health. J Affect Disord 2024:S0165-0327(24)01335-1. [PMID: 39181166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. Youth are the largest and most vulnerable group exposed to disasters. More evidence is needed regarding how youth mental health and health behaviors vary based on disaster exposure, how mental health influences health behaviors, and how diverse groups of youth may be differentially affected. METHODS Using data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey and Federal Emergency Management Agency, we examined the impact of Hurricane Sandy (2012) on mental health (sadness, suicidality) and health behaviors (substance use, physical activity, screen time, sexual behaviors) of 240,365 youth. Difference-in-differences regression analyses evaluated pre-disaster (2005-2011) and post-disaster (2013-2019) changes. RESULTS There were 83,442 (34.7 %) adolescents (51.2 % female, 18.1 % non-Hispanic White) located in 6 districts exposed to Hurricane Sandy and 156,923 (65.3 %) adolescents located in 13 non-exposed districts. Exposure was associated with differences in substance use, physical (in)activity, and risky sexual behaviors, but not mental health outcomes. Mental health did not moderate the association between disaster exposure and health behaviors. Hispanic adolescents and those identifying as Other races/ethnicities were most vulnerable to post-disaster negative health outcomes. LIMITATIONS Study limitations include questionnaire design, cross-sectional data, sampling, and possible response biases. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide critical information about youth mental health and health behaviors following disasters, as well as how youth may differ in their responses. Findings provide guidance for early identification and resource allocation for youth at higher risk for post-disaster health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty S Lai
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Lynch School of Education, Boston College, USA.
| | - Alexa Riobueno-Naylor
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Lynch School of Education, Boston College, USA
| | - Christopher Baum
- Department of Economics, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, USA; School of Social Work, Boston College, USA
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Yılmaz Y, Güleç S, Sarıçam H. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the aftermath of the Turkey earthquake: exploring the role of demographics, level of exposure, and personality traits. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38988060 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2024.2376611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an important mental disorder that can develop after mass traumas such as earthquakes. In our study, we aimed to investigate the development of PTSD after the Turkey earthquake (6 February 2023) and its association with some demographic variables, personality traits, and psychological vulnerability. METHOD 547 participants completed assessments of personality, disaster exposure, and PTSD symptoms. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify predictors of PTSD symptoms. RESULTS PTSD scores were higher in women, single people, those with low educational level, those who witnessed someone else's injury or death, those who were injured, and those whose homes were destroyed. Physical injury, conscientiousness, marital status, income, and agreeableness predicted PTSD. Among these variables, physical injury was the strongest predictor of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Psychological vulnerability, conscientiousness, physical injury, employment, witnessing someone else's injury, gender, and emotional stability predicted PTSD score in a significant way. Physical injury, conscientiousness, marital status, income, agreeableness predicted PTSD in a significant way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Yılmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sezen Güleç
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sarıçam
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Dagher D, Malaeb D, Dabbous M, Sakr F, El Khatib S, Hallit R, Fekih-Romdhane F, Obeid S, Hallit S. The moderating effect of resilience in the association between insomnia severity and PTSD symptoms in Lebanese adolescents in the aftermath of the 2023 earthquake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38944752 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2373997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between insomnia and PTSD symptoms remains misunderstood, and seems to be influenced by other factors like individual resilience. Our study examined the moderating role of resilience in the relationship between insomnia and PTSD symptoms among a sample of Lebanese adolescents, in the aftermath of the 2023 earthquake. This cross sectional study, conducted in April, 2 months after the earthquake, enrolled 546 Lebanese adolescents. We used the Sleep Self Report, the Resilience Scale for Adolescents and the 13-item Children's Impact of Event Scale. The interaction insomnia severity by resilience was significantly associated with PTSD scores. At low, moderate and high resilience levels, higher insomnia severity was significantly associated with lower PTSD. Resilience moderated the relationship between insomnia and PTSD, mitigating the detrimental impact of disrupted sleep on PTSD symptoms. This data can guide healthcare administrators and psychiatric caregivers in classifying risk factors and implementing interventions to predict PTSD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Dagher
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Dabbous
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Sakr
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Rabih Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Sirotich AC, Camisasca E. PTSD risk factors in earthquake survivors and their families: a systematic review. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2365477. [PMID: 38919135 PMCID: PMC11210410 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2365477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to earthquakes can cause adverse effects on the mental health of survivors, including an increased risk of PTSD.Objective: This systematic review aims to analyse the previous secondary studies to identify the risk factors for PTSD from children to elderly earthquake survivors. In addition, it aims to consider the complexity of the joint effects of the individual, relational, and contextual risk factors, to also detect the most at-risk families.Method: After reviewing and screening studies from the literature search through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO under the guidance of PRISMA guidelines, ten eligible secondary studies were identified that examine the risk factors for PTSD in individuals (from children to elderly) affected by worldwide earthquakes.Results: The analysis of the included studies allowed the identification of a series of socio-demographic, pre-traumatic, peri-traumatic, and post-traumatic PTSD risk factors in children, adolescents, youth, adults, and elderly survivors. The results represent the complexity of the joint effects of these risk factors at individual, relational, and contextual levels.Conclusions: The consideration of the PTSD risk factors highlights the importance of individual characteristics and the type of experiences and exposure in the period before, during, and after the earthquake. This knowledge could allow the early identification of at-risk individuals of different ages and families and the implementation of intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Camisasca
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
- C.R.I.d.e.e., Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milano, Italy
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Awa TM, Ugbe UMJ, Onwusaka OC, Abua EE, Esu EB. Correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder among adult residents of conflict-affected communities in Cross River State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078851. [PMID: 38531565 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflict-affected communities in Nigeria experience a range of problems. These experiences have been associated with different types of mental disorders, most notably, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). AIM This study sought to assess PTSD and its associated factors among adults in conflict-affected communities in Odukpani Local Government Area (LGA), Cross River State, Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probability and probability sampling techniques. The sample size for this study was 486 conflict-affected adults. The symptoms of PTSD were assessed using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and a semistructured questionnaire was employed to collect data on sociodemographic and trauma-related characteristics. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, χ2 and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of PTSD in conflict-affected communities in Odukpani LGA, Cross River State, Nigeria was 73.9%. The multivariate analysis revealed that higher educational attainment (AOR 5.66; p<0.001; 95% CI 2.37 to 13.54), family size >4 (AOR 1.72; p=0.03; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.77), discrimination because of present status (AOR 1.96; p=0.03; 95% CI 1.26 to 3.06) and family history of mental illnesses (AOR 2.08; p=0.002; 95% CI 1.31 to 3.31) showed statistically significant relationships with PTSD in the study population. CONCLUSION A multisectoral approach for creating and routinely arranging mental health interventions and aid programmes aimed at improving social outcomes such as employment, living conditions and social networks for conflict-affected communities is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Mark Awa
- Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ugbe Maurice-Joel Ugbe
- Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Centre of Excellence for Research and Training in Human Resources for Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Obiageli Chiezey Onwusaka
- Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Centre of Excellence for Research and Training in Human Resources for Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Ekpereonne Babatunde Esu
- Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Centre of Excellence for Research and Training in Human Resources for Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Andualem F, Melkam M, Takelle GM, Nakie G, Tinsae T, Fentahun S, Rtbey G, Begashaw TD, Seid J, Tegegn LF, Gedef GM, Bitew DA, Godana TN. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and associated factors among displaced people in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1336665. [PMID: 38516263 PMCID: PMC10956696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1336665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The number of people who have been displaced from their homes due to violence, conflict, and natural disasters. The displaced persons are vulnerable to PTSD; however, being women, individuals with lower socio-economic status and intense exposure to physical assault are more vulnerable. The reviews stated that the pooled prevalence of PTSD among refugees in high-income countries was higher than the general population. However, there has been no review done on PTSD among displaced persons in Africa. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarise the most recent data evidence on the pooled prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and the pooled effect of associated factors on adult displaced people in Africa. Methods We used an appropriate guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reports, which is the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023411371). The publications were identified from PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus databases, and other grey searches of Google Scholar and World Health Organisation (WHO) reports. The data was extracted in Microsoft Excel, and then it will be imported into STATA 11.0 for analysis. Results We have included 10 studies conducted in African countries with 5287 study participants. In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of PTSD among displaced people in Africa was 55.64 (95% CI: 42.76-68.41%). Further, in subgroup analysis regarding the study participants, the pooled prevalence of PTSD among internally displaced people and refugees was 56.35% and 54.04%, respectively. Among the associated factors, being female, unemployed, and depression were significantly related to PTSD among displaced people. Conclusions In this review, the pooled prevalence of PTSD among displaced people in Africa was high. Demographic characteristics (female, single, and unemployed), substance use disorder, and depression were risk factors for PTSD among displaced people. This finding might help the stakeholders (mental health policy makers, administrators, and mental health professionals) to address the prevention, early screening, and management of PTSD among displaced people and to give attention to more vulnerable bodies. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023411371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantahun Andualem
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Techilo Tinsae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Setegn Fentahun
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gidey Rtbey
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Derbie Begashaw
- Department of Psychiatry College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Seid
- Department of Psychiatry College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Lidiya Fasil Tegegn
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Muluye Gedef
- Department of General Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Anmut Bitew
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Nega Godana
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Science, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Shabani A, Rasoulian M, Naserbakht M, Hakim Shooshtari M, Hajebi A, Tiyuri A, Motevalian SA. Prevalence and determinants of post-traumatic stress disorder five months after the 2019 huge flooding in Iran. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:346. [PMID: 38302994 PMCID: PMC10835963 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high occurrence of floods in Iran, its psychological consequences have been less discussed. The present paper addresses the prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its determinants among the affected adults by the huge flood of 2019. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted through household face-to-face surveys in August and September 2019. Individuals who were affected by floods and were at least 16 years old were randomly selected from three provinces in Iran: Lorestan and Khuzestan in the west and southwest, and Golestan in the northeast. The questionnaire of demographic and flood related variables in addition to the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were utilized to collect the data. We applied a complex sample analysis to describe the prevalence of PTSD and logistic regression analyses to find its determinants. RESULTS Out of the 2,305 individuals approached for surveys, 1,671 (72.5%) adults affected by the floods participated in the study. The majority of participants were housewives, married, had either no formal education or primary education, and resided in rural areas. The prevalence of PTSD in the participants was 24.8% (CI 95%: 20.7-28.8%) and was significantly higher in Lorestan province (39.7%, P < 0.001). Determinants of PTSD, were unemployment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.53, CI 95%: 1.38-9.00), primary (AOR = 2.44, CI 95%: 1.10-5.41) or high school (AOR = 2.35, CI 95%: 1.25-4.40) education (vs. university), a history of mental disorders (AOR = 2.36, CI 95%: 1.22-4.58), high damage to assets (AOR = 2.29, CI 95%: 1.40-3.75), limited access to health care services after the flood (AOR = 1.95, CI 95%: 1.20-3.19), not receiving compensation for flood damage (AOR = 1.94, CI 95%: 1.01-3.83), high wealth index (AOR = 1.90, CI 95%: 1.23-2.93), and flooded house with a height of more than one meter (AOR = 1.66, CI 95%: 1.02-2.76). CONCLUSION Results show a notable prevalence of PTSD, especially in Lorestan province, among adults affected by floods. Determinants of PTSD include unemployment, lower education, psychiatric history, extensive property damage, limited post-flood healthcare access, lack of compensation, and increased flood exposure. We recommend adopting an inclusive screening approach for high-risk groups and developing appropriate therapeutic and supportive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shabani
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rasoulian
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Naserbakht
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Hakim Shooshtari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hajebi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Tiyuri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Abbas Motevalian
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Folayan MO, Zuñiga RAA, Ellakany P, Yousaf MA, Osamika BE, Virtanen JI, Gaffar B, Lawal FB, Khalid Z, Aly NM, Lusher J, Nguyen AL. Socio-economic factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms among adolescents and young people during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2276. [PMID: 38280913 PMCID: PMC10821943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the association between sociodemographic factors and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among 18-24-year-olds during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a secondary analysis of data from 4508 individuals collected through an online survey conducted between June and January 2021. PTSS was measured as a dependent variable using the checklist for post-traumatic stress disorder in civilians. Age, birth sex, sexual, level of education, access to emotional and social support, and emotional distress were the independent variables. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables while controlling for the country related confounding variables. Females (AOR:2.023), sexual minority individuals (AOR:1.868), those who did not disclose their sexual identify (AOR:1.476), those with poor access to emotional and social support (AOR:4.699) and individuals with no formal education (AOR:13.908), and only primary level education (AOR:4.521) had higher odds of PTSS. The study highlights the multifaceted nature of PTSS during the pandemic and suggests the importance of promoting access of young people, especially females, sexual minority individuals and those with low educational status, to emotional/social support to mitigate the probability of PTSS, especially among sexual minority individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bamidele Emmanuel Osamika
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Psychology and Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Provost's Group, Regent's University London, London, UK
| | - Annie Lu Nguyen
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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10
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Suo X, Lan H, Zuo C, Chen L, Qin K, Li L, Kemp GJ, Wang S, Gong Q. Multilayer analysis of dynamic network reconfiguration in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad436. [PMID: 37991275 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimage studies have reported functional connectome abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), especially in adults. However, these studies often treated the brain as a static network, and time-variance of connectome topology in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder remain unclear. To explore case-control differences in dynamic connectome topology, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 24 treatment-naïve non-comorbid pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder patients and 24 demographically matched trauma-exposed non-posttraumatic stress disorder controls. A graph-theoretic analysis was applied to construct time-varying modular structure of whole-brain networks by maximizing the multilayer modularity. Network switching rate at the global, subnetwork, and nodal levels were calculated and compared between posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma-exposed non-posttraumatic stress disorder groups, and their associations with posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and sex interactions were explored. At the global level, individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder exhibited significantly lower network switching rates compared to trauma-exposed non-posttraumatic stress disorder controls. This difference was mainly involved in default-mode and dorsal attention subnetworks, as well as in inferior temporal and parietal brain nodes. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity was negatively correlated with switching rate in the global network and default mode network. No significant differences were observed in the interaction between diagnosis and sex/age. Pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with dynamic reconfiguration of brain networks, which may provide insights into the biological basis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Suo
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Lan
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, United States
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen 361000, China
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11
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Iskender MD, Gülsoy A, Özcan E, Uyan Y. The effect of fear of contagion/being contagious on depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:192-202. [PMID: 36536514 PMCID: PMC9877842 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students are generally quite active in social life. It is thought that their fear of contagion/being contagious will affect their depression, anxiety and stress levels due to the removal of restrictions and the increase in individual responsibilities. This study aims to determine the effect of fear of contagion/being contagious on depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study, descriptive and cross-sectional. Quantitative data were collected using the Demographic Information Form, the Fear of Contagion/Transmission Scale and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. The sample included 3500 participants. Descriptive statistics were used for the presentation of the results. The STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was used in this study. RESULTS This study revealed that the depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students were above normal, and these results were mostly associated with females, those with a chronic disease and high fear of contagion/being contagious. CONCLUSION The findings of this study may be useful for precautionary plans to support the psychological health of university students after the COVID-19 pandemic and in the fight against possible new pandemics. Considering the findings of our study, educational programs should be planned for youth in general and university students in particular to deal with depression, anxiety, stress and fears. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students were above normal. As the fear of contamination and contagion increases, the level of depression, anxiety and stress increases. Those with chronic diseases have high levels of depression, anxiety and stress. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Research data were collected through an online questionnaire. Data collection tools were prepared on Google Forms, and then, links were shared with student groups over social media. Students shared the link on their social platforms, allowing it to reach wider audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet Gülsoy
- Department of First and Emergency Aid, Taşköprü Vocational SchoolKastamonu UniversityKastamonuTurkey
| | - Ebru Özcan
- Department of First and Emergency Aid, Taşköprü Vocational SchoolKastamonu UniversityKastamonuTurkey
| | - Yusuf Uyan
- Department of First and Emergency Aid, Taşköprü Vocational SchoolKastamonu UniversityKastamonuTurkey
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12
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Kim ES, Yeo J, Kim Y, Ha IH. The Impact of Moderate Earthquakes on Antidepressant Prescriptions in Ulsan, South Korea: A Controlled Interrupted Time Series Analysis. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:600-606. [PMID: 36372434 PMCID: PMC10635813 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016, two consecutive moderate magnitude earthquakes occurred in Ulsan, South Korea. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of earthquakes on the mental health of residents in Ulsan. METHODS We used data from the 2015-2017 Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service National Patient Sample. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using location-based controls. Changes in the number of antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and zolpidem prescriptions in Ulsan were compared to controls. Overall changes in weekly prescriptions 1 year after the first earthquake, compared to a non-earthquake scenario, were estimated. RESULTS In antidepressant prescriptions, the increase in trend after an earthquake was significantly higher than controls. However, the changes in benzodiazepines and zolpidem prescribing were not significant. Overall, the impact of the earthquake on weekly antidepressant prescriptions at 1 year was estimated as a 1.32 (95% CI, 1.18-1.56) rate ratio compared to the non-earthquake scenario. This corresponded to an increase of 1,989.7 (95% CI, 1,202.1-3,063.0) in the number of prescriptions. Among subgroups, the increase was highest among males aged 20-39 years. CONCLUSION The moderate earthquake in Ulsan was associated with an increase in antidepressant prescriptions. The increase in the male group aged 20-39 was the highest. The impact may vary according to the context of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-San Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Yeo
- Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoo Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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d'Arqom A, Akram M, Azzahranisa NS, Nasution MZ, Surjaningrum ER, Yusof J. Societal influence and psychological distress among Indonesian adults in Java on the early Omicron wave of COVID-19. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO894. [PMID: 37753359 PMCID: PMC10518838 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Changes during the COVID-19 pandemic might create pressure on different people, thus this study aimed to measure respondents' psychological distress during the early phase of the Omicron wave in Java Island. Methods A web-based survey on societal influence and COVID-19-related psychological distress was distributed through social media in November-December 2021, and received 396 responses. Results This study showed that almost 50% of respondents faced psychological distress during the early phase of the Omicron variant, especially concerning hypervigilance and avoidance. Several sociodemographic factors might contribute to the incidence of psychological distress including comorbidity, age and education. Conclusion Taken together, the incidence of COVID-19-related psychological distress was still found in the early phase of the Omicron variant, especially among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette d'Arqom
- Division of Pharmacology & Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, & Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, 60131, Indonesia
- Airlangga Research Group for Translational Medicine & Therapeutic, Universitas Airlangga, 60131, Indonesia
| | - Muh Akram
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Junaidah Yusof
- School of Human Resource Development & Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
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14
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Peng Y, Lu B, Wen J. Assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in elderly survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake: A cross-sectional study. J Evid Based Med 2023; 16:455-464. [PMID: 37795585 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition characterized by prolonged psychological distress following traumatic events encompassing serious health threats, domestic abuse, and natural disasters. The onset and persistence of PTSD can be attributed to advanced age. This study aimed to explore the occurrence and influencing factors of enduring post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors aged 60 years and over in the main area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 10 years after the disaster. METHODS Data were collected using a multistage sampling method from individuals aged 60 years and older living in the main impacted areas of Wenchuan 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) was used to evaluate PTSD symptoms. We evaluated participants based on their PTSD symptoms: those exhibiting and those without. The latter group was four times the size of the former and was matched based on gender and age (within ± 2 years). Conditional logistic regression was used to discern the risk factors. RESULTS Out of the total, 56 participants were recognized as having probable PTSD as per the PCL-C checklist, leading to a rate of 9.4% (56/588). The univariate conditional logistic regression values showed that playing Mahjong/poker (odds ratio (OR) = 0.394, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.171-0.911) and displacement (OR = 0.446, 95% CI = 0.220-0.907) were protective factors for the long-term mental health of survivors in the hard-hit areas, while the presence of a 2-week illness (OR = 3.605, 95% CI = 1.751-7.424), possessing insurance (OR = 0.250, 95% CI = 0.072-0.864), suffering from a chronic ailment (OR = 3.132, 95% CI = 1.2-8.174), and having an injured family member (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.136-4.496) emerged as risk factors for PTSD symptoms. Multivariate analysis indicated that the absence of insurance and prevalence of 2-week illness correlated with increased PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake, the prevalence of probable PTSD remained significantly high in the elderly population. The major risk factors were the absence of insurance and the occurrence of a 2-week illness. Policymakers should incorporate these findings when devising strategies for aging societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Office of the President, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingqing Lu
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Kovačić Petrović Z, Peraica T, Blažev M, Tomašić L, Kozarić-Kovačić D. Quality of Life During the First Three Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Two Earthquakes in Croatia. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:919-926. [PMID: 37094571 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In a cross-sectional study, we measured the impact of the first three COVID-19 pandemic waves and two earthquakes, occurring during the same period in Croatia, on the quality of life (QoL) of the general adult population. An online survey consisting of sociodemographic questions, questions related to COVID-19 and earthquake stressors, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL)-BREF scale, Impact of Event Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire 4 was completed by 220 men and 898 women (mean age, 35.1 ± 12.3 years). In a series of regressions, we examined the association among five blocks of predictors and six dependent QoL variables, four domain scores, and two global scores. Both WHOQoL-BREF global and domain scores after the prolonged stress were significantly predicted by anxiety, depression, stress symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics. COVID-19-related stressors predicted significantly physical and psychological health, social relationships, and environmental QoL, whereas earthquake-related stressors predicted health satisfaction, physical and psychological health, and environmental QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrnka Kovačić Petrović
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, and Department of Addiction, University Psychiatric Hospital, Zagreb
| | | | | | - Lea Tomašić
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Mitchell HR, Antoni MH, Shaffer KM, Kim Y. Correlates of posttraumatic stress in cancer patients and their family caregivers across two years following diagnosis. Psychooncology 2023; 32:1736-1743. [PMID: 37789570 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine risk-factors of cancer-related PTSS in the 2-years post-diagnosis in adult colorectal cancer patients and caregivers. METHODS Patients with colorectal cancer and their caregivers (N = 130 dyads) self-reported sociodemographic, psychosocial, and medical factors at diagnosis/treatment initiation (T1), at 1- (T2), and 2-year (T3) post-diagnosis. Cancer-related PTSS were assessed, and path analysis examined associations between proposed correlates and PTSS. RESULTS Among patients, higher neuroticism and greater physical symptom distress were concurrently associated with higher PTSS (Bs ≥ 0.10, ps ≤ 0.02); greater physical symptom distress at T1 and greater social support at T2 were associated with higher PTSS at T3 (Bs ≥ 0.37, ps ≤ 0.04). Among caregivers, female gender, higher neuroticism (Bs ≥ 0.12, ps < 0.01), and lower social support (Bs ≤ -0.24, ps ≤ 0.02) were associated with higher concurrent PTSS; lower patient physical symptom distress and social support at T1 (Bs ≤ -0.27, ps ≤ 0.03) and longer hours spent caregiving at T2 (B = 0.03, p = 0.05) were associated with higher PTSS at T3. CONCLUSIONS Findings identify cancer-specific risk factors (physical symptoms, hours caregiving), in addition to established risk factors (female, neuroticism, social support) in non-medical populations. The identified subgroups should receive ongoing screening and psychosocial referral for cancer-related PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah-Rose Mitchell
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Kelly M Shaffer
- Center for Behavioral Health and Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Youngmee Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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17
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Zhang JC, Wang JH, Liu JY, Guo QW, Lin J, Shen YL, Jia KX, Cai JJ, Su GM, Fang DZ. Associations of TNF-RII rs1061622 With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Their Interplays on Serum Lipids Levels in Adolescents. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:1045-1053. [PMID: 37997332 PMCID: PMC10678149 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify effects of rs1061622 at tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II (TNF-RII) gene (TNF-RII) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its interactive effects with PTSD on serum lipids levels in adolescents. METHODS PTSD was measured by PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) in 699 adolescent survivors at 6 months after Wenchuan earthquake in China. A polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay were utilized for TNF-RII rs1061622 genotyping followed by verification using DNA sequencing. Serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were tested using routine methods. RESULTS G (deoxyguanine) allele carriers had higher PCL-C scores than TT (deoxythymidine) homozygotes in female subjects. Female adolescents had higher PCL-C scores than male subjects in TT homozygotes. Predictors of PTSD prevalence and severity were different between G allele carriers and TT homozygotes. Subjects with PTSD had lower TG, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and higher HDL-C than adolescents without PTSD in male G allele carriers. G allele carriers had higher TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C than TT homozygotes in male adolescents without PTSD, and lower TG and TG/HDL-C in male PTSD patients. G allele carriers had higher TG than TT homozygotes only in female adolescents without PTSD. CONCLUSION These results suggest reciprocal actions of TNF-RII rs1061622 with other factors on PTSD severity, interplays of TNF-RII rs1061622 with PTSD on serum lipid levels, and novel treatment strategies for PTSD and comorbidities of PTSD with hyperlipidemia among adolescents with different genetic backgrounds of TNF-RII rs1061622 after experiencing traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Hua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Yi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Xin Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Jing Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Ming Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding Zhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Šagud M, Janović MB, Ćusa ZV, Jakšić N, Krakan LB, Begić D, Grubišin J, Janović Š, Jevtović S, Kosanović Rajačić B, Mamić G, Mikulić SK, Marčinko D, Peleš AM, Lisak MŠ, Štimac Z, Živković M, Ćusa BV, Wang W. Depression and stress levels in patients with different psychiatric disorders during concurrent early-phase COVID-19 pandemic and earthquake in Croatia. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:798. [PMID: 37915030 PMCID: PMC10621232 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Croatia shared COVID-19 pandemic with other countries, its capital area was also hit by a 5.6 magnitude earthquake. The simultaneous impact of these two disasters on psychiatric patients is largely unknown, and we addressed those knowledge gaps. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted during the pandemic's first peak, in the aftermath of earthquake, by telephonic survey. Measurements included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Perceived Stress Scale and the semi-structured interview to evaluate the impact of pandemic stress and earthquake. Overall 396 patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders (DAD), 229 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and 205 healthy controls were enrolled. RESULTS Both patient groups had higher depression and stress levels than controls, independent of sex, age and the presence of somatic comorbidity. After controlling for the same covariates, patient groups had higher COVID-19- and earthquake-related fears than controls. In patients with DAD, both fears were greater than among SSD patients. When comparing the two fears, the fear from earthquake was higher in DAD and control groups, whereas in SSD patients there was no such difference. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DAD were the most vulnerable group during disasters, while earthquake seems to be associated with more fear than the pandemics, at least in DAD patients and healthy individuals. Future longitudinal studies should determine if early psychological support might alleviate stress levels after disasters and prevent further worsening of mental health, particularly among DAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Šagud
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Bajs Janović
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nenad Jakšić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lucija Bagarić Krakan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Begić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Grubišin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Špiro Janović
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Saša Jevtović
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biljana Kosanović Rajačić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Suzan Kudlek Mikulić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Marčinko
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alma Mihaljević Peleš
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Šeparović Lisak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Štimac
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Živković
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bjanka Vuksan Ćusa
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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İlhan B, Berikol GB, Eroğlu O, Deniz T. Prevalence and associated risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of the 2023 Turkey earthquake. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 72:39-43. [PMID: 37480590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earthquakes can cause psychological trauma among survivors as well as physical trauma. This study aims to determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and identify associated risk factors among earthquake survivors after the 2023 Turkey earthquake. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department of a tertiary university hospital between May 6, 2023, and May 16, 2023. An online questionnaire was sent to the participants. The questionnaire form consisted of three parts. In the first part, the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were included. In the second part, the participants were asked about their experiences with the earthquake. In the third part, the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which screens PTSD among the participants, was included. Participants who did not complete all the questions and had severe communication disorders were excluded. RESULTS The prevalence of probable PTSD among the participants was 51.4% (n = 197). Age (OR: 0.96 95% CI: 0.93-99), female gender (OR: 4.54 95% CI: 2.39-8.61), being the head of the family (OR: 2.00 95% CI: 1.04-3.82), bereavement (OR: 1.71 95% CI: 1.03-2.82), lost loved ones (OR: 3.15 95% CI: 1.67-5.92), low social support (OR: 1.80 95% CI: 1.12-2.90) and receiving emergency care at the field (OR: 6.67 95% CI: 1.03-43.2) were the associated risk factors of PTSD among earthquake survivors. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PTSD among survivors three months after the 2023 Turkey earthquake is over half of the survivors. Younger age, female gender, being the head of the family, bereavement, lost loved ones, low social support, and receiving emergency care in the field were the associated risk factors of PTSD among earthquake survivors. Considering survivors may visit EDs until other outpatient clinics are re-established and the high rate of PTSD, rapid psychological evaluations can be performed in emergency departments. Emergency physicians should be aware of possible risk factors and high rate of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buğra İlhan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | - Göksu Bozdereli Berikol
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Eroğlu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Turgut Deniz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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Ma Z, Wang D, Fu X, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Liu W, Fan F. Prospective network of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms across adolescent survivors with distinct trajectories of PTSD: A cohort study of the Wenchuan earthquake. J Anxiety Disord 2023; 99:102767. [PMID: 37708597 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
There are multiple trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following disasters. Unraveling the patterns of interactions between PTSD symptoms across distinct PTSD trajectories is crucial. This study was aimed at investigating the temporal sequences, changes, and predictive symptoms in PTSD networks over time across distinct PTSD trajectory groups. Data were exacted from the Wenchuan Earthquake Adolescent Health Cohort (WEAHC) study. The current study included 1022 adolescents (424 males) who participated in follow-up surveys at 12 months and 24 months post-earthquake. Self-reported PTSD symptoms were assessed with the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale. The between-person network revealed significant differences across distinct trajectories. In the chronic dysfunction group, "Intrusive thoughts" had the strongest value in predicting on other PTSD symptoms. In contrast, "Difficulty in study or work" in the recovery group and "Physiological cue reactivity" in the resistance group were highly associated with the remission of other PTSD symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of "Difficulty in study or work" and "Physiological cue reactivity" for promoting the spontaneous remission of PTSD and further suggest that "Intrusive thoughts" maybe helpful to minimize the subsequent presence of other PTSD symptoms. Future research should investigate the causality and associations between within-person networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Ma
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Fu
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxu Liu
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Zasiekina L, Zasiekin S, Kuperman V. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Moral Injury Among Ukrainian Civilians During the Ongoing War. J Community Health 2023; 48:784-792. [PMID: 37119352 PMCID: PMC10148618 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
While severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and moral injury among civilians affected by armed conflicts is generally understudied, even less research exists on civilian populations during an active war. This paper reports a large-scale study that administered standard assessments of PTSD and moral injury severity, as well as rich demographic questionnaires, to nearly 1300 Ukrainian civilians during the ongoing Russian invasion. Analyses revealed an extremely high prevalence of severe PTSD symptoms and moral injury, relative to both proposed clinical cut-offs and to earlier measurements from a similar population. Further regression analyses identified risk factors and protective factors. Greater severity of PTSD symptoms was observed among women, older and forcibly displaced individuals, and individuals from geographic regions under Russian occupation. Higher education correlated with milder PTSD symptoms. Moral injury was particularly strong in younger individuals. The present study is one of the first to report a large scale set of psychological data collected from the civilian population of Ukraine during the ongoing Russian invasion. It is obvious from the scope and long-term nature of the atrocities that psychological treatment of the civilian population will be required both presently, while the hostilities are ongoing, and in the future. This data contributes to a detailed understanding of the psychological response to traumatic stress, including its overall prevalence and presence in specific demographically and geographically defined civilian groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Zasiekina
- Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine.
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Serhii Zasiekin
- Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine
- University College London, London, UK
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22
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Georgescu T, Nedelcea C. Pretrauma risk factors and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following subsequent exposure: Multilevel and univariate meta-analytical approaches. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 37690794 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The endeavour to comprehend why certain individuals develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms subsequent to experiencing traumatic events, while others do not, underscores the paramount importance of pretraumatic risk factors. This meta-analysis summarises the extant results of studies assessing risk factors prior exposure and PTSD symptoms following an index event on the same participants. It includes 43 studies (N = 19,239) yielding 174 effect sizes of pretraumatic risk factors categories such as demographic factors, cognitive factors, personality traits, coping styles, psychopathology, psychophysiological and environmental factors, which were examined using a three-level meta-analysis. Additionally, univariate random-effects meta-analyses were performed to separately investigate individual risk factors reported in more than one study. The findings revealed significant, small and medium associations for all categories, except for demographic factors and coping styles, also highlighting that certain individual risk factor domains (i.e. previous mental disorders, negative emotionality, sleep complaints and PTSD symptoms) represent the strongest predictors for PTSD symptoms after subsequent exposure. Several moderators were also investigated for individual risk factors. Future research could benefit from considering the interplay of pretraumatic risk factors to draw a more complex picture of the aetiology and underlying mechanisms of PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Georgescu
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cătălin Nedelcea
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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23
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May C, Miller PE, Naqvi M, Rademacher E, Klajn J, Hedequist D, Shore BJ. The Incidence of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Children. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2023; 7:01979360-202308000-00007. [PMID: 37579777 PMCID: PMC10424889 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-22-00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and risk factors for their development in children and adolescents undergoing orthopaedic surgery for trauma. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Level-1 trauma center. PATIENTS Children (8 to 18), undergoing surgery for orthopaedic trauma. INTERVENTION Upper and lower extremity surgery for orthopaedic trauma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS PTSD symptoms at postoperative follow-up as determined by the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS). RESULTS A total of 176 children with an average age at surgery of 13 years (8 to 18.8 years) participated in the study. Twenty-six subjects had high levels of PTSD symptoms (15%; 95% CI = 10.0 to 21.1%). Univariable and multivariable analyses determined that female sex (OR 2.63, 95% CI = 1.06 to 6.67, P = 0.04), older age at surgery (OR 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.51, P = 0.02), and undergoing a previous surgery (OR 2.86, 95% CI = 1.06 to 7.73, P = 0.04) were all associated with increased PTSD risk. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents experience a high level of PTSD symptoms (15%) after surgery for orthopaedic trauma. Clinicians should be aware of PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents after surgery for orthopaedic injuries and use comprehensive screening to facilitate timely intervention and treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin May
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Patricia E. Miller
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Manahill Naqvi
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Rademacher
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Justyna Klajn
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Hedequist
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin J. Shore
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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24
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Folayan MO, Zuñiga RAA, Virtanen JI, Ellakany P, Al-Tammemi AB, Quadri MFA, Jafer M, Ara E, Ayanore MA, Gaffar B, Aly NM, Idigbe I, Lusher J, Ezechi OC, Nguyen AL, Tantawi ME. A multi-country study of the associations between HIV vulnerability status, perception of COVID-19 related stigma and post-traumatic stress symptoms during the first wave of the pandemic. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1025. [PMID: 37254073 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the associations between COVID-19 related stigma and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS); and the associations between PTSS and COVID-19 related stigma, HIV status, COVID-19 status and key HIV population status. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of data of 12,355 study participants generated through an online survey that recruited adults from 152 countries between July and December 2020. The dependent variables were COVID-19-related stigma and PTSS. The independent variables were HIV status (positive/negative), transaction sex (yes/no), use of psychoactive drugs (yes/no), and vulnerability status (transaction sex workers, people who use psychoactive drugs, living with HIV, and COVID-19 status). The confounding variables were age, sex at birth (male/female), level of education, sexual minority individuals (yes/no) and country income level. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between the dependent and independent variables after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS There were 835 (6.8%) participants who experienced COVID-19 related stigma during the pandemic and 3,824 (31.0%) participants reported PTSS. Respondents who were living with HIV (AOR: 1.979; 95%CI: 1.522-2.573), tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR: 3.369; 95%CI: 2.692-4.217), engaged in transactional sex (AOR: 1.428; 95%CI: 1.060-1.922) and used psychoactive drugs (AOR: 1.364; 95%CI: 1.053-1.767) had significantly higher odds of experiencing COVID-19 related stigma. Individuals with vulnerability status (AOR:4.610; 95%CI: 1.590-13.368) and who experienced COVID-19 related stigma (AOR: 2.218; 95%CI: 1.920-2.561) had significantly higher odds of PTSS. CONCLUSION Individuals with vulnerability status may be at increased risk for COVID-19 related stigma. Key and vulnerable populations who were living with HIV and who experienced stigma may be at a higher risk of experiencing PTSS. Populations at risk for PTSS should be routinely screened and provided adequate support when they contract COVID-19 to reduce the risk for poor mental health during COVID-19 outbreaks and during future health crisis with similar magnitude as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ala'a B Al-Tammemi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Washington, USA
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Dental Public Health Division, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Psychology, Government College for Women, MA Road, Jizan, J&K, India
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Provosts Group, Regent's University London, London, UK
| | - Oliver C Ezechi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Centre for Reproductive and Population Health Studies, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Annie L Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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25
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Parajuli B, Acharya K, Grooves CC, Dhakal R, Shrestha J, Shrestha R, Manandhar M. Post-traumatic stress disorder among individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury in Nepal: a cross-sectional study. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2023; 9:13. [PMID: 37024460 PMCID: PMC10079656 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-023-00566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) and to examine the relationships between demographic and clinical characteristics, and PTSD. SETTING Spinal Injury Rehabilitation Center (SIRC) and Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital (DH, KUH), Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal. METHODS Individuals above 18 years of age with TSCI of at least one month from trauma and admitted to SIRC and DH, KUH from June 2019 to May 2021 were included. The specific stress version of the PostTraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL), was utilized. To classify the neurological status of TSCI individuals, International Standard for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) was used. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis between independent variables and normalized PCL score was done to evaluate the predictors of PTSD. RESULTS Among 163 patients, the overall prevalence of PTSD was 27%, and the mean PCL score was 36 ± 13.9. Factors predictive of PTSD included gender, family type, ethnicity, and literacy rate. No significant association was found between the clinical characteristics and PTSD. CONCLUSIONS PTSD appears to be considerably prevalent among individuals with TSCI in Nepal. Females, individuals from nuclear families, individuals with lower literacy, and individuals from lower caste are significantly vulnerable to developing PTSD. However, clinical characteristics do not appear to be influential in the development of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Parajuli
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
| | - Khagendra Acharya
- Department of Management Informatics and Communication, School of Management, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Christine C Grooves
- Spinal Injury Rehabilitation Centre, Sanga, Nepal
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raju Dhakal
- Spinal Injury Rehabilitation Centre, Sanga, Nepal
| | | | - Rahul Shrestha
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
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26
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Quan L, Lu W, Zhen R, Zhou X. Post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety, and depression in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:228. [PMID: 37016381 PMCID: PMC10072042 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in psychiatric disorders in college students, particularly posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. While existing studies assess the prevalence of these disorders and their predictors, they overlook potential complications caused by comorbidity between these disorders. To fill this gap, this study examined the prevalence of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity to inform targeted intervention for college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Self-report questionnaires were used to assess 6,898 college students about six months after the COVID-19 outbreak. RESULTS The results found that the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety were 15.5%, 32.2%, and 32.1% respectively, and the prevalence of comorbid PTSD and depression, comorbid PTSD and anxiety, comorbid depression and anxiety, and comorbid PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms were 11.5%, 11.6%, 20.4%, and 9.4% respectively. Moreover, left-behind status, lower economic status, previous trauma experiences, exposure to the pandemic, and rumination were risk factors of psychological distress, but self-disclosure was a protective factor for these disorders. CONCLUSION These results indicate that distinct psychiatric disorders may be comorbid in individuals, and are further influenced by pre-, within-, and post-disaster factors. Furthermore, psychological service targeted at college students should pay attention to comorbid symptoms rather than only symptoms of single disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Quan
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
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27
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Zhang Q. The Moderation Effect of Cognitive Tendencies on the Relationship Between Fear of COVID-19 and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Chinese Children. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1-9. [PMID: 36785698 PMCID: PMC9909653 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency with potential traumatizing effects on children. However, not many studies have been devoted to investigating the association between fear of COVID-19 and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in children during the pandemic. Also, if the association is modulated by cognitive tendencies to focus on negative and positive information in children is unknown. The study recruited 122 native Chinese children from a primary school in mainland China. Self-reported psychological inventories were used to assess the above variables. The prevalence rate of PTSS in Chinese children was approximately 15.1%. Girls had higher post-traumatic stress levels than boys. Fear of COVID-19 was associated with higher level of post-traumatic stress in children. Only cognitive tendency to focus on negative information was significantly associated with the level of post-traumatic stress in children. Moreover, cognitive tendency to focus on negative information was a significant moderator of the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and PTSS. Generalization of the results to adults should be cautious. It was concluded that stronger fear of COVID-19 was related to more PTSS in children. The association of fear of COVID-19 with PTSS was significant only for children with strong tendency to focus on negative information. Cognitive interventions for PTSS may need to be delivered to children who have both strong fear of COVID-19 and strong tendency to focus on negative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Zhang
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Floor 7, AC1, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong
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28
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Harigane M, Nakajima S, Takebayashi Y, Maeda M, Nakano H, Yasumura S, Yabe H, Ohira T, Kamiya K. Posttraumatic stress response following the loss of significant close others in the Great East Japan Earthquake: Fukushima Health Management Survey. J Trauma Stress 2023; 36:129-143. [PMID: 36350740 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
During the Great East Japan Earthquake, many people experienced the loss of family and friends, among other traumatic events. This study sought to clarify the impact of the loss of significant close others on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), as well as the factors associated with PTSS, among individuals who experienced the loss of significant close others (i.e., bereaved group). Self-administered questionnaires were mailed to men and women (N = 180,604) aged 16 years and older living in municipalities that included evacuated areas surrounding the Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, which was significantly damaged following an earthquake and tsunami in March 2011, causing subsequent radiation leakage; this mailing yielded a 40.7% response rate, with 57,388 valid responses, in 2012. We used the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Specific (PCL-S) to measure PTSS as the outcome variable. Loss of significant close others in the disaster and respondents' relationship with the deceased constituted the explanatory variables. Basic characteristics and disaster-related factors were the confounding variables. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses. The bereaved group showed more severe PTSS than the nonbereaved group, aOR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.50, 1.67]. The risk of developing PTSS increased if the deceased was a respondent's spouse, aOR = 1.67, 95% CI [1.22, 2.29]; child, 1.51 [1.01, 2.25]; or friend, 1.33 [1.16, 1.53]. Individuals who lose significant close others, including both family and friends, in disasters require close mental health care and, if necessary, should be referred for psychiatric treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Harigane
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satomi Nakajima
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Takebayashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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29
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deMello RAF, Coimbra BM, Pedro BDM, Benvenutti IM, Yeh MSL, Mello AF, Mello MF, Poyares DR. Peri-Traumatic Dissociation and Tonic Immobility as Severity Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Rape. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:4240-4266. [PMID: 35899768 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221114151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals show abnormal reactions to extreme fear and life-threatening situations, including tonic immobility (TI) and peri-traumatic dissociation (PTD). We aimed to investigate the association of TI and PTD with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women who experienced sexual violence and the risk factors for PTD occurrence. We compared PTSD severity in 86 young adult women with PTSD after a sexual violence exposure grouped according to the presence of PTD and TI. In addition, we investigated whether PTD is associated with depression and anxiety symptoms and assessed potential risk factors for PTD reaction. We found a significant positive correlation between PTSD severity and PTD occurrence (R2 = .132; p = .001). PTD was also positively correlated with all clusters of PTSD symptoms except the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale avoidance cluster (p = .058). PTD was strongly correlated with anxiety (R2 = .619; p < .001) and depressive symptoms (R2 = .547; p < .001). Multiple logistic regression showed that history of physical abuse (odds ratio [OR]: 1.386; p = .011) and sexual abuse (OR: 1.947; p = .004) during childhood were associated with PTD occurrence. Other risk factors for PTD were having less years of study (OR: 0.216; p = .016) and lower income (OR: 7.403; p = .028). TI measures were available for a subsample of 29 women. We found no association between TI and PTSD severity. PTD, but not TI, is significantly associated with more severe PTSD, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. Less-educated women with a history of childhood abuse and a lower income are at risk of PTD occurrence during a sexual violence episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A F deMello
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Messina Coimbra
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca D M Pedro
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella M Benvenutti
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mary S L Yeh
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea F Mello
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Mello
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program for Research and Care on Violence and PTSD (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dalva R Poyares
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Kwon HJ, Leem J, Kim DW, Kwon CY, Kim SH. Effect of acupuncture on patients with major psychiatric disorder and related symptoms caused by earthquake exposure: Protocol for a scoping review of clinical studies. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281207. [PMID: 36706118 PMCID: PMC9882882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Earthquakes have the greatest destructive effect among all natural disasters. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and anxiety disorder (AD) are major psychiatric disorders (MPD) that can be triggered by exposure to earthquakes. Conventional treatments such as pharmacological treatments have several limitations. Acupuncture therapy as a complementary integrative medicine may be an effective alternative treatment for these limitations. This study aimed to identify the status of the clinical evidence regarding acupuncture therapy for earthquake survivors with MPD. We will follow the scoping review process as previously described. The study question is as follows: "Which types of clinical research designs, study types, study durations, adverse events, and clinical outcomes have been reported regarding acupuncture therapy for MPD in earthquake survivors?" Medline, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycArticles databases, and Chinese, Korean, and Japanese databases will be comprehensively searched electronically from their inception to November 2022. Data from the included studies will be collected and descriptively analyzed in relation to our research question. We will collate, synthesize, and summarize the extracted data according to the analytical framework of a scoping review. The protocol will conform with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extensions of Scoping Reviews to ensure the clarity and completeness of our reporting in the whole phase of the scoping review (Protocol registration: https://osf.io/wfru7/). The findings of this scoping review will provide fundamental data that will help researchers identify appropriate research questions and design further studies on the use of acupuncture for MPD management in earthquake survivors. These results will be helpful for developing disaster site-specific research protocols for future clinical trials on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Kwon
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtae Leem
- College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine, Pohang Korean Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Daegu Haany University, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine, Pohang Korean Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Daegu Haany University, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Suo X, Zuo C, Lan H, Li W, Li L, Kemp GJ, Wang S, Gong Q. Multilayer Network Analysis of Dynamic Network Reconfiguration in Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 8:452-461. [PMID: 36152949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain functional network abnormalities are reported in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Most resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have assumed that the functional networks remain static during the scans. How these might change dynamically in PTSD remains unclear. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 71 noncomorbid, treatment-naïve patients with PTSD and 70 demographically matched, trauma-exposed non-PTSD control subjects. Network switching rate was used to characterize dynamic changes of individual resting-state functional networks. Results were analyzed by comparing switching rates between the PTSD and trauma-exposed non-PTSD groups, testing for diagnosis × sex interactions, and examining correlations with PTSD symptom severity. RESULTS At the global level, the PTSD group showed significantly lower network switching rates than the trauma-exposed non-PTSD group. These were observed mainly in the frontoparietal, default mode, and limbic networks at the subnetwork level and in the frontal and temporal regions at the nodal level. These network switching rate alterations were correlated with PTSD symptom severity. There were no significant effects of sex. CONCLUSIONS These disruptions of dynamic functional network stability, reflected by lower network switching rates in the resting state, are a feature of PTSD and suggest that the frontoparietal, default mode, and limbic networks may play a critical role in the underlying neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Lan
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China.
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Wong PH. Moral Injury in Former Child Soldiers in Liberia. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:847-856. [PMID: 35958708 PMCID: PMC9360290 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Moral injury (MI) is a form of traumatic stress induced by perpetrating actions that transgress a person's beliefs and values. Existing research on MI has been mostly confined to military veterans, however there is reason to believe that the risk of MI among child soldiers is higher due to their age and history of abduction. This study examined the risk of MI in former child soldiers in Liberia and tested whether age and history of abduction moderate the relationship between perpetrating violence and MI based on a sample of 459 former child soldiers. Results from regression analysis confirmed that perpetrators had a higher risk of MI. However, while younger perpetrators were more vulnerable to MI, abduction history had no statistically significant moderation effect on the risk of MI. Further analysis also revealed that the moderation effects are primarily on anxiety, avoidance and negative feelings but not re-experiencing. These findings suggest that new tests and treatment models may be required for future disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration (DDRR) policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Hang Wong
- Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, Maastricht University, Boschstraat 24, 6211 AX Maastricht, Netherlands
- United Nations University MERIT, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Trajectories the Year after COVID-19 Hospitalization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148452. [PMID: 35886306 PMCID: PMC9316829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) hospitalization has been related to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Available information is limited by insufficient follow-up and lack of longitudinal studies. Baseline factors (e.g., sex; obesity) have been related to PTSD, but post-hospitalization factors have not been studied. Objective: This study aimed to analyse prevalence, baseline, post-discharge factors and possible clinical courses of PTSD after hospitalization for COVID-19. Method: 109 patients (94.7% of the original sample) completed a programme of three follow-up telephone assessments during the year following hospitalization. Data included clinical and sociodemographic factors as well as psychometric tools assessing PTSD, social support, and perception of threat to life (PTL). Mixture model analysis was performed to study the longitudinal course of PTSD symptoms. Chronic (>6 months) PTSD predictors were also analysed. Results: 1-year PTSD period prevalence was 23.9%, peaking at six months; 11% of the patients suffered chronic PTSD. Pre- and post-hospitalization factors influenced the onset and course of PTSD over time. These included working status, PTL, and lack of social support. Interestingly, obesity, pulmonary diseases and family cluster infection seem specifically related to PTSD following COVID-19. Inversely, clinical interventions, older age and male gender were protective. Conclusions: PTSD following COVID-19 hospitalization is common. The analysed demographic, social, clinical, and psychological factors predict PTSD symptomatology over time and can modify odds of a chronic course. Clinicians could better identify cases at risk of a chronic PTSD course. Finally, treatment as usual appeared related to a better outcome and should be proposed to patients with PTSD.
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Avignon V, Baud D, Gaucher L, Dupont C, Horsch A. Childbirth experience, risk of PTSD and obstetric and neonatal outcomes according to antenatal classes attendance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10717. [PMID: 35739298 PMCID: PMC9225805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenatal classes have evolved considerably and include now a discussion of the parents' birth plan. Respecting this plan normally results in a better childbirth experience, an important protective factor of post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth (PTSD-FC). Antenatal class attendance may thus be associated with lower PTSD-FC rates. This cross-sectional study took place at a Swiss university hospital. All primiparous women who gave birth to singletons from 2018 to 2020 were invited to answer self-reported questionnaires. Data for childbirth experience, symptoms of PTSD-FC, neonatal, and obstetrical outcomes were compared between women who attended (AC) or not (NAC) antenatal classes. A total of 794/2876 (27.6%) women completed the online questionnaire. Antenatal class attendance was associated with a poorer childbirth experience (p = 0.03). When taking into account other significant predictors of childbirth experience, only induction of labor, use of forceps, emergency caesarean, and civil status remained in the final model of regression. Intrusion symptoms were more frequent in NAC group (M = 1.63 versus M = 1.11, p = 0.02). Antenatal class attendance, forceps, emergency caesarean, and hospitalisation in NICU remained significant predictors of intrusions for PTSD-FC. Use of epidural, obstetrical, and neonatal outcomes were similar for AC and NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Avignon
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Avenue Pierre-Decker 2, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Research On Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Domaine Rockefeller 8 avenue Rockefeller 69373 Lyon cedex 08, Lyon, France.
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David Baud
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Avenue Pierre-Decker 2, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Gaucher
- Research On Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Domaine Rockefeller 8 avenue Rockefeller 69373 Lyon cedex 08, Lyon, France
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Dupont
- Research On Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Domaine Rockefeller 8 avenue Rockefeller 69373 Lyon cedex 08, Lyon, France
| | - Antje Horsch
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Avenue Pierre-Decker 2, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare (IUFRS), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Using network analysis to explore the key bridge symptoms between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth among survivors 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 150:173-179. [PMID: 35390697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite previous research has illustrated there is high-coexistence between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in the aftermath of traumatic events, few studies have conceptualized the coexistence mechanism of the two psychological phenomena. Using the network analysis, this study aimed to identify the key bridge symptoms and compare sex differences between PTSD symptoms and PTG elements in survivors 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. A total of 744 survivors 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China completed self-reported questionnaires on demographics, PTSD symptoms (4-item of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist), and PTG (10-item of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory). Network analysis was used to identify the network structure of PTSD symptoms and elements of PTG, along with bridge symptoms. Additionally, sex differences in the network structure were compared by the Network Comparison Test. Results revealed that the network of PTSD symptoms and elements of PTG was robust to stability and accuracy tests. The key bridge symptoms in the network were "Stronger religious faith", "Changed priorities", and "Easily startled". There were significant differences in network global strength across sex, and network structure across the severity of property loss other than house damage. Future interventions targeting the three key bridge symptoms are expected to relieve the severity of PTSD and promote growth following exposure to traumatic events.
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Pike A, Mikolas C, Tompkins K, Olson J, Olson DM, Brémault-Phillips S. New Life Through Disaster: A Thematic Analysis of Women's Experiences of Pregnancy and the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfire. Front Public Health 2022; 10:725256. [PMID: 35646808 PMCID: PMC9135962 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.725256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOn May 3, 2016, residents of Fort McMurray Wood Buffalo, Alberta were evacuated due to an uncontrolled wildfire. The short-notice evacuation had destabilizing consequences for residents, including changes in routines, loss of control, and increased uncertainty. These consequences were especially detrimental to women who were pregnant or pre-conception during the evacuation. Pregnant and pre-conception women are particularly susceptible to a vast range of negative consequences during and post natural disasters, including elevated stress and higher incidence of pregnancy complications including gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy induced hypertension and C-section. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences, perceived stress and resilience of women who were pregnant during the wildfire. As well as to explore potential interventions to promote the health and enhance resilience of pregnant women and to assist in recovery after exposure to a natural disaster or other traumatic events.MethodsA qualitative thematic analysis of 16 narratives penned by pregnant women and recounted in Ashley Tobin's compilations 93/88,000 and 159 More/ 88,000: Stories of Evacuation, Re-Entry and the In-Between was conducted.ResultsAnalysis revealed five key themes: (1) experience of stress responses due to personal and external factors, (2) social connectedness and support as a facilitator of resilience, (3) performance of resilience-enhancing activities, (4) the roles of pregnancy and motherhood in the experiences of loss and resilience, and (5) the importance of home.ConclusionPregnant women have unique barriers that may negatively impact them during a natural disaster or other form of stressful event. They may benefit from assistance with navigating role transition during pregnancy, training in stress management strategies, and writing interventions to build resiliency and begin the process of recovery from trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Pike
- Corbett Hall, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Heroes in Mind Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ashley Pike
| | - Cynthia Mikolas
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Heroes in Mind Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kathleen Tompkins
- Corbett Hall, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joanne Olson
- Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David M. Olson
- Faculty of Medicine, Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Suzette Brémault-Phillips
- Corbett Hall, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Heroes in Mind Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Samji H, Wu J, Ladak A, Vossen C, Stewart E, Dove N, Long D, Snell G. Review: Mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and youth - a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 27:173-189. [PMID: 34455683 PMCID: PMC8653204 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented threat to global mental health. Children and adolescents may be more susceptible to mental health impacts related to their vulnerable developmental stage, fear of infection, home confinement, suspension of regular school and extracurricular activities, physical distancing mandates, and larger scale threats such as global financial recessions and associated impacts. Our objective was to review existing evidence of the COVID-19 pandemic's global impact on the mental health of children and adolescents <19 years of age and to identify personal and contextual factors that may enhance risk or confer protection in relation to mental health outcomes. METHODS We conducted a search of peer-reviewed and preprint research published in English from January 1, 2020, to February 22, 2021. We included studies collecting primary data on COVID-19-related mental health impacts on children and adolescents. We graded the strength of included articles using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine rating scheme. RESULTS Our search and review yielded 116 articles presenting data on a total of 127,923 children and adolescents; 50,984 child and adolescent proxy reports (e.g., parents, healthcare practitioners); and >3,000 chart reviews. A high prevalence of COVID-19-related fear was noted among children and adolescents, as well as more depressive and anxious symptoms compared with prepandemic estimates. Older adolescents, girls, and children and adolescents living with neurodiversities and/or chronic physical conditions were more likely to experience negative mental health outcomes. Many studies reported mental health deterioration among children and adolescents due to COVID-19 pandemic control measures. Physical exercise, access to entertainment, positive familial relationships, and social support were associated with better mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the urgent need for practitioners and policymakers to attend to and collaborate with children and adolescents, especially those in higher risk subgroups, to mitigate short- and long-term pandemic-associated mental health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasina Samji
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Judy Wu
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amilya Ladak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Caralyn Vossen
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Evelyn Stewart
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Naomi Dove
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Long
- Division of Clinical and Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gaelen Snell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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The psychological distress and COVID-19 pandemic during lockdown: A cross-sectional study from United Arab Emirates (UAE). Heliyon 2022; 8:e09422. [PMID: 35647360 PMCID: PMC9133578 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pandemic resulted in the societal changes as conflicts and instability were the common concerns experienced by families because of the lockdown. However, the psychological impact of the COVID-19 on the United Arab Emirates (UAE) population is not studied extensively. Objective The study evaluates the psychological impact of lockdown during the pandemic on the people in the UAE. Material and methods This study was cross-sectional in nature and was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of 35-items. The questions were related to social, psychological, and personal aspects. Multivariate Linear regression was used to find the outcomes between independent variables. Results The mean value of social phobia was 2.56 ± .620, followed by the mean score of anxiety (2.47 ± .666), stress (2.44 ± .631), and depression (2.42 ± .682). The higher the respondents experienced the scores, the more depression, anxiety, and stress. Demographics such as marital status, age, and occupation and education level have a statistically significant association with social phobia, anxiety, depression, and stress. Conclusion The study concludes that the lockdown more psychologically impacted males, older people, and unemployed individuals during the pandemic.
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Tamir TT, Kassa SF, Gebeyehu DA. A multi-institutional study of post-traumatic stress disorder and its risk factors in Ethiopian pediatric patients with physical trauma. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:271. [PMID: 35428231 PMCID: PMC9011951 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was more common in children who had suffered physical trauma than in adults. Despite its prevalence, the prevalence and factors associated with PTSD in pediatric patients with physical trauma are unknown in Ethiopia. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of PTSD and associated factors among pediatric patients with physical trauma who attended Northwest Amhara referral hospitals. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used in 422 pediatric patients with physical trauma aged 8-18 years from March 15 to May 15/2021. Using a systematic random sampling technique, data were collected from a sample of selected trauma patients via interviews and chart review. A standardized, pre-tested Child PTSD Symptom Scale was used to assess the severity of PTSD. Epidata 4.6 was used to enter the data, and Stata 14.0 was used to analyze it. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify PTSD determinants. RESULT The study included 422 paediatric patients who had suffered physical trauma, with a response rate of 97.87 percent. PTSD was found in 22.03 percent of paediatric patients with physical trauma in Northwest Amhara referral hospitals. The study discovered that female gender (AOR = 3.04, 95 percent CI: 1.58-5.84), age of 8 to 10 years old (AOR = 3.70, 95 percent CI: 1.39-9.87), having a chronic medical illness (AOR = 5.99, 95 percent CI: 2.60-13.77), having severe pain (AOR = 3.17, 95 percent CI: 1.12-8.99), low social support (AOR = 8.97, 95 percent CI: 4.04-19 were associated with PTSD. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The prevalence of PTSD was found to be high among pediatric patients who had experienced physical trauma. Special attention should be given to female patients, aged 8 to 10 years old, who have a chronic illness, for those who complain of severe pain and engaging others to provide good social support systems, are strongly recommended to alleviate PTSD in this segment of population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Tarik Tamir
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Selam Fisiha Kassa
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Ayelegne Gebeyehu
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Yang YS, Bae SM. Association between resilience, social support, and institutional trust and post-traumatic stress disorder after natural disasters. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 37:39-44. [PMID: 35337437 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disasters can cause significant personal and social distress and adversely affect mental health. Compared with research on the risk factors of post-disaster post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), limited studies have reported protective factors against PTSD. We investigated whether resilience, social support, and trust in government were associated with PTSD in disaster survivors, after adjustment for the perceived damage and demographic variables including sex, age, and economic status. We investigated 2311 disaster survivors, using data from the "Long-term survey on the change of life of Disaster victim" performed by NDMI(National Disaster Management Research Institute). Hierarchical regression analysis was used in this study. A high level of trust in institutions was associated with few PTSD symptoms after adjustment for resilience and social support. Among the subfactors of institutional trust, psychological counseling and environmental and facility restoration were associated with PTSD. Psychological counseling and environmental and facility restoration support for disaster survivors were associated with reduced PTSD symptoms. Post-disaster policy support, including psychological counseling and environmental and facility restoration services, is important. Our findings highlight the protective factors against PTSD symptoms and may serve as guidelines for specific interventions for the management of post-disaster PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seul Yang
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Man Bae
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Klein S, Fegert JM, Geprägs A, Brähler E, Clemens V. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health, Quality of Life and Intrafamilial Relations - A Population-Based Survey in Germany. Front Psychol 2022; 13:844057. [PMID: 35360600 PMCID: PMC8963202 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.844057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) at the end of 2019 comes along with many challenges. Besides worry for one's own health and the well-being of the family, all measures applied to limit the spread of the coronavirus affected daily life. School closures, economic shutdown and contact restrictions have led to high levels of stress. The impact on health and families has been widely discussed. However, population-based data are scarce. Here, we have assessed health, quality of life and intrafamilial relations depending on the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a three-step random-route approach, a population-based sample of 2,515 persons (52.6% female, average age of 50.3 years) was recruited during the second COVID-19 wave in Germany in winter 2020/21. While the majority of participants reported no change in their health status and the relationship with their partner and children, more than half of participants reported a decreased quality of life since the beginning of the pandemic. Female gender, age above 60 years, a low household income, not living with a partner and the experience of childhood adversity were associated with a higher risk for a worsening of health, quality of life and intrafamilial relations. These had already been well-established risk factors ahead of the pandemic. In order to avoid further increase of inequality in our society and more devastating impact of the pandemic on health and intrafamilial relations, low-level support and intervention programs are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Klein
- Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alina Geprägs
- Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vera Clemens
- Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Luceño-Moreno L, Talavera-Velasco B, Vázquez-Estévez D, Martín-García J. Mental Health, Burnout, and Resilience in Healthcare Professionals After the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Longitudinal Study. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e114-e123. [PMID: 34935681 PMCID: PMC8887683 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine whether there are differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, levels of burnout and resilience in Spanish healthcare staff between the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and after it, depending on several demographic and work-related variables. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted in April 2020 (T0), and July 2020 (T1). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, burnout, levels of resilience, along with demographic and work-related variables in 443 workers were assessed. RESULTS Symptoms and burnout were more pronounced at T0, whereas the levels of resilience were higher at T1. Being women, being young, holding a lower-level job, less years of experience, lower educational level, and/or working rotating shifts are associated with having more posttraumatic stress symptoms and burnout. CONCLUSION These variables would be considered in similar situations.
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Folayan MO, Ibigbami O, ElTantawi M, Abeldaño GF, Ara E, Ayanore MA, Ellakany P, Gaffar B, Al-Khanati NM, Idigbe I, Ishabiyi AO, Jafer M, Khan ATA, Khalid Z, Lawal FB, Lusher J, Nzimande NP, Osamika BE, Popoola BO, Quadri MFA, Roque M, Shamala A, Al-Tammemi AB, Yousaf MA, Virtanen JI, Zuñiga RAA, Okeibunor JC, Nguyen AL. Factors associated with COVID-19 pandemic induced post-traumatic stress symptoms among adults living with and without HIV in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:48. [PMID: 35062920 PMCID: PMC8777174 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nigeria is a country with high risk for traumatic incidences, now aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to identify differences in COVID-19 related post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among people living and not living with HIV; to assess whether PTSS were associated with COVID-19 pandemic-related anger, loneliness, social isolation, and social support; and to determine the association between PTSS and use of COVID-19 prevention strategies. METHODS The data of the 3761 respondents for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and wellness from a convenience sample of adults, 18 years and above, in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Information was collected on the study's dependent variable (PTSS), independent variables (self-reported COVID-19, HIV status, use of COVID-19 prevention strategies, perception of social isolation, access to emotional support, feelings of anger and loneliness), and potential confounder (age, sex at birth, employment status). A binary logistic regression model tested the associations between independent and dependent variables. RESULTS Nearly half (47.5%) of the respondents had PTSS. People who had symptoms but were not tested (AOR = 2.20), felt socially isolated (AOR = 1.16), angry (AOR = 2.64), or lonely (AOR = 2.19) had significantly greater odds of reporting PTSS (p < 0.001). People living with HIV (AOR = 0.39), those who wore masks (AOR = 0.62) and those who had emotional support (AOR = 0.63), had lower odds of reporting PTSS (p < .05). CONCLUSION The present study identified some multifaceted relationships between post-traumatic stress, HIV status, facemask use, anger, loneliness, social isolation, and access to emotional support during this protracted COVID-19 pandemic. These findings have implications for the future health of those affected, particularly for individuals living in Nigeria. Public health education should be incorporated in programs targeting prevention and prompt diagnosis and treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 22005, Nigeria.
| | - Olanrewaju Ibigbami
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha ElTantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Giuliana Florencia Abeldaño
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,School of Medicine, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Government College for Women, Maulana Azad Road, Srinagar, J&K India
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449729.50000 0004 7707 5975Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449576.d0000 0004 5895 8692Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.416197.c0000 0001 0247 1197Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Anthonia Omotola Ishabiyi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abeedah Tu-Allah Khan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XSchool of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XSchool of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449469.20000 0004 0516 1006Regent’s University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ntombifuthi P. Nzimande
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Economic and Social Geography, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bamidele Emmanuel Osamika
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.259956.40000 0001 2195 6763Department of Psychology, Miami University Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Bamidele Olubukola Popoola
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Dental Public Health, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Roque
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.412892.40000 0004 1754 9358Department of Maternity & Childhood Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamala
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.444917.b0000 0001 2182 316XDepartment of Preventive and Biomedical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Science & Technology, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary ,grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XInstitute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590 Pakistan
| | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Joseph Chukwudi Okeibunor
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.463718.f0000 0004 0639 2906Research Development and Innovations, Assistant Regional Director Cluster, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Annie Lu Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Family Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
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"Did You Think You Would Die?": Fear of Death and Its Relationship to the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Traumatic Injury. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2022; 30:e272-e278. [PMID: 34669650 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient-specific factors may influence posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development and warrant further examination. This study investigates potential association between patient-reported fear of death at the time of injury and development of PTSD. METHODS Over 35 months, 250 patients were screened for PTSD at their first posthospitalization clinic visit and were asked "Did you think you were going to die from this injury?" (yes or no). PTSD screening was conducted using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 questionnaire. A score ≥33 was considered positive for PTSD, and patients were offered ancillary psychiatric services. Retrospectively, medical records were reviewed for baseline demographics and injury information. RESULTS Forty-three patients (17%) indicated a fear of death. The mean age was 46 years, with patients who feared death being younger (36 versus 48, P < 0.001), and 62% were male. The most common mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle or motorcycle collisions (30%) and ground-level falls (21%). Gunshot wounds were more common among patients who feared death from trauma (44% versus 7%, P < 0.001). PTSD questionnaires were completed a median of 26 days after injury, with an average score of 12.6. PTSD scores were higher for patients with fear of death (32.7 versus 8.5), and these patients required more acute interventions (47% versus 7%), both P < 0.001. After multivariable logistic regression, patients who thought that they would die from their trauma had >13 times higher odds of developing PTSD (odds ratios: 13.42, P < 0.0001). Apart from positive psychiatric history (OR: 5.46, P = 0.001), no factors (ie, age, sex, mechanism, or any injury or treatment characteristic) were predictive of positive PTSD scores on regression. DICUSSION Patients who reported fear of death at the time of injury were 13 times more likely to develop PTSD. Simply asking patients whether they thought that they would die at the time of injury may prospectively identify PTSD risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level II.
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Shui X, Zhao L, Li W, Jia Y, Liu Z, Li C, Yang X, Huang H, Wu S, Chen S, Gao J, Li X, Wang A, Jin X, Guo L, Hou S. Association between exposure to earthquake in early life and diabetes mellitus incidence in adulthood with the modification of lifestyles: Results from the Kailuan study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1046086. [PMID: 36425399 PMCID: PMC9679373 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1046086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to disasters in early life may induce lifetime health risk, but investigation on earthquake exposure and DM in later life is still limited. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the association between exposure to the Tangshan Earthquake in early life and diabetes mellitus (DM) incidence in adulthood, and explore the modification of lifestyles on DM development. METHODS Participants who were free of DM at baseline from the Kailuan Study were included in this study. All participants were divided into fetal-exposed, infant-exposed, early childhood-exposed and nonexposed group. The effect of earthquake exposure on DM and modification of lifestyles were examined by multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS The exposed group had a higher risk of DM than nonexposed group, especially in infant-exposed and early childhood-exposed group, with hazard ratio (HR) of 1.62 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.21-2.17] and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.06-1.99), respectively. After stratifying by lifestyles, a significant modification was observed in alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION Exposing to earthquake in early life could increase DM incidence in later life, and alcohol consumption might modify the effect of earthquake exposure on DM development. More attention should be paid on the preventions of DM among adults who exposed to earthquake in their early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Shui
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaning Jia
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziquan Liu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Huang
- Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jingli Gao
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Aitian Wang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaobin Jin
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liqiong Guo
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Tianjin, China.,Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Holmes SC, Austin AE, Smith MV. Understanding the association between material hardship and posttraumatic stress disorder: a test of the social selection and social causation hypotheses and an exploration of gender differences. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:57-66. [PMID: 34383086 PMCID: PMC8865605 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a well-established association between poverty and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, little research has tested the temporality of the association. METHODS Using data from Waves IV (2008; N = 14,800) and V (2016-2018; N = 10,685) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examined temporal associations between material hardship (a specific operationalization of poverty) and PTSD, as well as assessed for potential gender differences in associations. We conducted logistic regression and generalized structural equation modeling to examine associations between material hardship and PTSD and assess for mediation and moderation by gender. RESULTS Prior PTSD diagnoses were associated with an increased likelihood of material hardship (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.21, 2.21). The indirect effect of gender on material hardship through PTSD diagnoses was significant. Prior material hardship was associated with an increased likelihood of PTSD diagnoses (OR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.35, 2.42). The indirect effect of gender on PTSD diagnoses through material hardship was significant. There was no evidence of moderation by gender for either association. CONCLUSION Results suggest reciprocal associations between material hardship and PTSD. Economic policies, as well as improved access to evidence-based PTSD treatments, may reduce the burden of both material hardships and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Holmes
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd Staten Island, New York, NY, 10314, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Anna E Austin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Megan V Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- CT Hospital Association, Wallingford, CT, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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Associations of parental and perinatal factors with subsequent risk of stress-related disorders: a nationwide cohort study with sibling comparison. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1712-1719. [PMID: 34974524 PMCID: PMC9095463 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the contribution of pregnancy-related parental and perinatal factors to the development of stress-related disorders. We aimed to investigate whether parental/perinatal adversities entail higher risks of stress-related disorders in the offspring, later in life, by accounting for genetic and early environmental factors. Based on the nationwide Swedish registers, we conducted a population-based cohort study of 3,435,747 singleton births (of which 2,554,235 were full siblings), born 1973-2008 and survived through the age of 5 years. Using both population- and sibling designs, we employed Cox regression to assess the association between parental and perinatal factors with subsequent risk of stress-related disorders. We identified 55,511 individuals diagnosed with stress-related disorders in the population analysis and 37,433 in the sibling analysis. In the population-based analysis we observed increased risks of stress-related disorders among offspring of maternal/paternal age <25, single mothers, parity ≥4, mothers with BMI ≥ 25 or maternal smoking in early pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and offspring born moderately preterm (GA 32-36 weeks), or small-for-gestational-age. These associations were significantly attenuated toward null in the sibling analysis. Cesarean-section was weakly associated with offspring stress-related disorders in population [hazard ratio (HR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.12] and sibling analyses (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.20). Our findings suggest that most of the observed associations between parental and perinatal factors and risk of stress-related disorders in the population analysis are driven by shared familial environment or genetics, and underscore the importance of family designs in epidemiological studies on the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Silwal S, Chudal R, Dybdahl R, Sillanmäki L, Lien L, Sourander A. Post-traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents After the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal: A Longitudinal Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:430-439. [PMID: 33606131 PMCID: PMC9107405 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Few longitudinal studies have focused on mental health problems among adolescents after earthquakes. We investigated changes in post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depressive symptoms from 18 to 31 months after the 2015 earthquake in Nepal and explored potential risk factors associated with the change in psychiatric symptoms. This study comprised of 515 adolescents, aged 11-17 years from two earthquake-affected areas, one severely affected than the other. The psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the standardized Child Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale and the Depression Self-Rating Scale. No significant change was observed in the prevalence of PTSS and depressive symptoms from 18 to 31 months after the earthquake. Living in severely affected area and exposure to trauma after the earthquake were associated with adolescents who developed chronic or delayed PTSS and depressive symptoms. The study findings highlight the need for disaster preparedness and early interventions that strengthen support at various levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Silwal
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3 / Teutori (3rd. floor), 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Roshan Chudal
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ragnhild Dybdahl
- Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, OsloMet University, Oslo, Norway ,Faculty of Psychology, Center for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lauri Sillanmäki
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lars Lien
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway ,Department of Public Health, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland ,INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Bataineh MF, Mohamad MN, Al Dhaheri AS, Rawashdeh M, Al-Nawaiseh AM, Asali FF, Hashim M, Jarrar A, Abu Jamous DO, Stojanovska L, Daour RA, Saleh ST, Osaili TM, Cheikh Ismail L. Impact of coronavirus 2019 pandemic on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among pregnant women in Jordan. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2022; 18:17455057221112935. [PMID: 35848375 PMCID: PMC9290107 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the prevalence of psychological symptoms of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak among pregnant women and its association with gestational age and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and November 2020 to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in pregnancy using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Pregnant women 18 years and older were recruited from antenatal and obstetrics clinics in Jordan. A total of 481 pregnant women participated in an online survey developed on Google Forms. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, mental health information, and lifestyle changes. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised, the Perceived Support Scale, and the Mental Health Lifestyle Scale were administered. Variables related to sociodemographic information and dietary behavior and perception during the COVID-19 pandemic were also assessed. Results: The results showed that 58.6% of pregnant women reported the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and women in the second trimester were more likely to show post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms compared with the first and third trimesters (p = 0.001). Moreover, a higher level of education, employment, poor dietary habits, and changes due to the pandemic were significantly associated with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised score and the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with high rates of psychological distress among pregnant women. Identifying mothers at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms may help improve maternity services and prevent adverse child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo’ath F Bataineh
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Maysm N Mohamad
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayesha S Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ali M Al-Nawaiseh
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Fida F Asali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mona Hashim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amjad Jarrar
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dima O Abu Jamous
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rameez Al Daour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheima T Saleh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Suo X, Lei D, Li W, Sun H, Qin K, Yang J, Li L, Kemp GJ, Gong Q. Psychoradiological abnormalities in treatment-naive noncomorbid patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:83-91. [PMID: 34793618 PMCID: PMC9298779 DOI: 10.1002/da.23226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have identified various alterations in white matter (WM) microstructural organization. However, it remains unclear whether these are localized to specific regions of fiber tracts, and what diagnostic value they might have. This study set out to explore the spatial profile of WM abnormalities along defined fiber tracts in PTSD. METHODS Diffusion tensor images were obtained from 77 treatment-naive noncomorbid patients with PTSD and 76 demographically matched trauma-exposed non-PTSD (TENP) controls. Using automated fiber quantification, tract profiles of fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, mean diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were calculated to evaluate WM microstructural organization. Results were analyzed by pointwise comparisons, by correlation with symptom severity, and for diagnosis-by-sex interactions. Support vector machine analyses assessed the ability of tract profiles to discriminate PTSD from TENP. RESULTS Compared to TENP, PTSD showed lower fractional anisotropy accompanied by higher radial diffusivity and mean diffusivity in the left uncinate fasciculus, and lower fractional anisotropy accompanied by higher radial diffusivity in the right anterior thalamic radiation. Tract profile alterations were correlated with symptom severity, suggesting a pathophysiological relevance. There were no significant differences in diagnosis-by-sex interaction. Tract profiles allowed individual classification of PTSD versus TENP with significant accuracy, of potential diagnostic utility. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to the knowledge of the neuropathological basis of PTSD. WM alterations based on a tract-profile quantification approach are a potential biomarker for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Du Lei
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Wenbin Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huaiqiang Sun
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health InstituteThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Graham J. Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina,Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengduSichuanChina,Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHuaxi Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan UniversityXiamenFujianChina
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