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da Silva MI, Oli N, Gambonini F, Ott T. Effects of parity and early pregnancy on peripheral blood leukocytes in dairy cattle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592827. [PMID: 38766084 PMCID: PMC11100682 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Subfertility remains a major problem in the dairy industry. Only 35-40% of high-yielding dairy cows and 55-65% of nonlactating heifers become pregnant after their first service. The immune system plays a critical role in the establishment of pregnancy. However, it can also create challenges for embryo survival and contribute to reduced fertility. We conducted 2 separate experiments to characterize changes in subsets of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and their phenotype over the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in heifers and cows. We used flow cytometry and RT-qPCR to assess protein and mRNA expression of molecules important for immune function. We observed that monocytes and T cells were most affected by pregnancy status in heifers, whereas, CD8+ lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were most affected during early pregnancy in cows. Changes in immune parameters measured appeared to be greater in heifers than cows including changes in expression of numerous immune function molecules. To test the hypothesis, we conducted a third experiment to simultaneously analyze the immunological responses to pregnancy between cows and heifers. We observed that cows had greater expression of proinflammatory cytokines and molecules associated with leukocyte migration and phagocytosis compared to heifers. Moreover, animals that failed to become pregnant showed altered expression of anti-inflammatory molecules. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that early pregnancy signaling alters the proportions and functions of peripheral blood immune cells and differences between cows and heifers may yield insight into the reduced fertility of mature lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - N Oli
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - F Gambonini
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - T Ott
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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2
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Zhang YX, Chi XQ, Li M, Zhang W, Guan Y, Wu LQ. Nicotine improves DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting NLRP3 and altering gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:616-635. [PMID: 38655696 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2331773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease affecting the rectum and colon. Numerous epidemiological studies have identified smoking as a protective factor for UC. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and release of inflammatory factors are well-established characteristics associated with UC. Therefore, we have observed that nicotine exhibits the potential to ameliorate colitis symptoms in UC mice. Additionally, it exerts a regulatory effect on colonic microbiota dysbiosis by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria while suppressing harmful bacteria. Combined in vivo and in vitro investigations demonstrate that nicotine primarily impedes the assembly of NLRP3, subsequently inhibiting downstream IL-1β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meng Li
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, Research & Development Centre, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming 650231, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, Research & Development Centre, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming 650231, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, Research & Development Centre, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming 650231, China
| | - Lian-Qiu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Sheu MJ, Yeh MC, Tsai MC, Wang CC, Chang YL, Wang CJ, Huang HP. Glucosinolates Extracts from Brassica juncea Ameliorate HFD-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3497. [PMID: 37630688 PMCID: PMC10458563 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is mainly characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. It spans a spectrum of diseases from hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Brassica juncea is rich in glucosinolates and has been proven to possess many potential pharmacological properties, including hypoglycemic, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities. This study aims to investigate whether whole-plant Brassica juncea (WBJ) and its glucosinolates extracts (BGE) have hepatoprotective effects against a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD and further explore the mechanism underlying this process in vivo and in vitro. WBJ treatment significantly reduced body fat, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, liver injury, and inflammation; WBJ treatment also reversed the antioxidant enzyme activity to attenuate oxidative stress in HFD-fed rat liver. Moreover, WBJ and BGE enhanced the activation of AMPK to reduce SREBPs, fatty acid synthase, and HMG-CoA reductase but increased the expression of CPT-I and PPARα to improve hepatic steatosis. In addition, WBJ and BGE could ameliorate NAFLD by inhibiting TNF-α and NF-κB. Based on the above results, this study demonstrates that WBJ and BGE ameliorate HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Therefore, these treatments could represent an unprecedented hope toward improved strategies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Sheu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd. Yongkang Dist., Tainan City 71004, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Chen Yeh
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-C.T.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-C.T.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-C.T.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Pei Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40242, Taiwan
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Li X, Mo K, Tian G, Zhou J, Gong J, Li L, Huang X. Shikimic Acid Regulates the NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathway and Gut Microbiota to Ameliorate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37257042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Shikimic acid (SA) is a compound extracted from the plant anise and has anti-inflammatory effects. However, any impact on intestinal inflammation or mechanisms involved has not been investigated. The present study used a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis model to investigate the effects of SA on intestinal inflammation. Intragastric administration of SA slowed DSS-induced weight loss, reduced disease activity index (DAI) score, enhanced the intestinal barrier, reduced the destruction of the colonic structure, inhibited the phosphorylation of key proteins in MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and MPO (P < 0.05), decreased IFN-γ expression (P < 0.05), and increased immunoglobulin IgG content (P < 0.05). After 50 mg/kg SA treatment, the content of Bacteroidetes increased and Proteobacteria decreased in the cecal feces of mice with colitis (P < 0.05) and the richness of gut species increased. In conclusion, SA could improve intestinal inflammation and enhance intestinal immunity, indicating its suitability as a therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kaibin Mo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ge Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiongzhou Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xianhui Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Priyandoko D, Widowati W, Kusuma HSW, Afifah E, Wijayanti CR, Rizal R, Sholihah IA, Permatasari GW, Ramadhani A, Utomo DH. Inflammation inhibitory activity of green tea, soybean, and guava extracts during Sars-Cov-2 infection through TNF protein in cytokine storm. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 105:107898. [PMID: 37247574 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease is caused by the pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) known as COVID-19. COVID-19 has caused the deaths of 6,541,936 people worldwide as of September 27th, 2022. SARS-CoV-2 severity is determined by a cytokine storm condition, in which the innate immune system creates an unregulated and excessive production of pro-inflammatory such IL-1, IL-6, NF Kappa B, and TNF alpha signaling molecules known as cytokines. The patient died due to respiratory organ failure and an acute complication because of the hyper-inflammation phenomenon. Green tea, soybean, and guava bioactive substances are well-known to act as anti-inflammation, and antioxidants become prospective COVID-19 illness candidates to overcome the cytokine storm. Our research aims to discover the bioactivity, bioavailability, and protein targets of green tea, soybean, and guava bioactive compounds as anti-inflammatory agents via the TNF inhibition pathway. The experiment uses in silico methods and harnesses the accessible datasets. Samples of 3D structure and SMILE identity of bioactive compounds were retrieved from the KNApSAck and Dr Duke databases. The QSAR analysis was done by WAY2DRUG web server, while the ADME prediction was performed using SWISSADME web server, following the Lipinsky rules of drugs. The target protein and protein-protein interaction were analyzed using STRING DB and Cytoscape software. Lastly, molecular docking was performed using Autodock 4.2 and visualization with BioVia Discovery Studio 2019. The identified study showed the potential of green tea, soybean, and guava's bioactive compounds have played an important role as anti-inflammation agents through TNF inhibitor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didik Priyandoko
- Biology Study Program, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia.
| | - Wahyu Widowati
- Faculty of Medical, Maranatha Christian University, Indonesia.
| | | | - Ervi Afifah
- Aretha Medika Utama, Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Indonesia
| | | | - Rizal Rizal
- Aretha Medika Utama, Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Indonesia; Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Ika Adhani Sholihah
- Aretha Medika Utama, Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Indonesia; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Anggia Ramadhani
- Indonesian Research Institute for Bioinformatics and Biomolecular, Malang, Indonesia
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Yang X, Ye Y, Wang Y, Wu P, Lu Q, Liu Y, Yuan J, Song X, Yan S, Qi X, Wang YX, Wen Y, Liu G, Lv C, Yang CX, Pan A, Zhang J, Pan XF. Association between early-pregnancy serum C-peptide and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study among Chinese women. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:56. [PMID: 35996181 PMCID: PMC9396763 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of early-pregnancy serum C-peptide with incident gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the predictive ability of maternal C-peptide for GDM. METHODS A nested case-control study of 332 GDM cases and 664 controls was established based on the Tongji-Shuangliu Birth Cohort. The GDM cases and controls were matched at 1:2 on maternal age (± 3 years) and gestational age (± 4 weeks). Multivariable conditional logistic regression was applied to assess the association of C-peptide with risk of GDM. Partial Spearman's correlation coefficients were estimated for the correlations between C-peptide and multiple metabolic biomarkers. C-statistics were calculated to assess the predictive ability of early-pregnancy C-peptide for GDM. RESULTS Of 996 pregnant women, median maternal age was 28.0 years old and median gestational age was 11.0 weeks. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratio of GDM comparing the extreme quartiles of C-peptide was 2.28 (95% confidence interval, 1.43, 3.62; P for trend < 0.001). Partial correlation coefficients ranged between 0.07 and 0.77 for the correlations of C-peptide with fasting insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance, leptin, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin, waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P ≤ 0.025), and were - 0.11 and - 0.17 for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin (P < 0.001). Serum C-peptide slightly improved the predictive performance of the model with conventional predictive factors (0.66 vs. 0.63; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION While the predictive value for subsequent GDM should be validated, early-pregnancy serum C-peptide may be positively associated with risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Wenjiang Institute of Women's and Children's Health, Wenjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, 610200, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaying Yuan
- Department of Science and Education, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, 610200, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyue Song
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Shijiao Yan
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.,School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.,Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Wenjiang Institute of Women's and Children's Health, Wenjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products in Vitro and in Vivo Correlation, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Shuangliu Institute of Women's and Children's Health, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, 610200, Sichuan, China.
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7
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Idowu OK, Oluyomi OO, Faniyan OO, Dosumu OO, Akinola OB. The synergistic ameliorative activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and gamma agonists, fenofibrate and pioglitazone, on hippocampal neurodegeneration in a rat model of insulin resistance. IBRAIN 2022; 8:251-263. [PMID: 37786742 PMCID: PMC10528802 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists have been proven to mitigate the neuronal pathology associated with IR. However, the synergetic efficacy of these agonists is yet to be fully described. Hence, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of PPARα/γ agonists (fenofibrate and pioglitazone) on a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration. Male Wistar rats (200 ± 25 mg/body weight [BW]) were divided into five groups. The experimental groups were fed on an HFD for 12 weeks coupled with 5 days of an STZ injection (30 mg/kg/BW, i.p) to induce IR. Fenofibrate (FEN; 100 mg/kg/BW, orally), pioglitazone (PIO; 20 mg/kg/BW, orally), and their combination were administered for 2 weeks postinduction. Behavioral tests were conducted, and blood was collected to determine insulin sensitivity after treatment. Animals were killed for assessment of oxidative stress, cellular morphology characterization, and astrocytic evaluation. HFD/STZ-induced IR increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Evidence of cellular alterations and overexpression of astrocytic protein was observed in the hippocampus. By contrast, monotherapy of FEN and PIO increased the GSH level (p < 0.05), decreased the MDA level (p < 0.05), and improved cellular morphology and astrocytic expression. Furthermore, the combined treatment led to improved therapeutic activities compared to monotherapies. In conclusion, FEN and PIO exerted a therapeutic synergistic effect on HFD/STZ-induced IR in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oluwatomisin O. Faniyan
- Department of Physiology, School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
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8
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Yadav S, Dwivedi A, Tripathi A. Biology of macrophage fate decision: Implication in inflammatory disorders. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1539-1556. [PMID: 35842768 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The activation of immune cells in response to stimuli present in their microenvironment is regulated by their metabolic profile. Unlike the signal transduction events, which overlap to a huge degree in diverse cellular processes, the metabolome of a cell reflects a more precise picture of cell physiology and function. Different factors governing the cellular metabolome include receptor signaling, macro and micronutrients, normoxic and hypoxic conditions, energy needs, and biomass demand. Macrophages have enormous plasticity and can perform diverse functions depending upon their phenotypic state. This review presents recent updates on the cellular metabolome and molecular patterns associated with M1 and M2 macrophages, also termed "classically activated macrophages" and "alternatively activated macrophages," respectively. M1 macrophages are proinflammatory in nature and predominantly Th1-specific immune responses induce their polarization. On the contrary, M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory in nature and primarily participate in Th2-specific responses. Interestingly, the same macrophage cell can adapt to the M1 or M2 phenotype depending upon the clues from its microenvironment. We elaborate on the various tissue niche-specific factors, which govern macrophage metabolism and heterogeneity. Furthermore, the current review provides an in-depth account of deregulated macrophage metabolism associated with pathological disorders such as cancer, obesity, and atherosclerosis. We further highlight significant differences in various metabolic pathways governing the cellular bioenergetics and their impact on macrophage effector functions and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Dwivedi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:216. [PMID: 35794109 PMCID: PMC9259665 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues. Insulin resistance (IR) is a disordered biological response for insulin stimulation through the disruption of different molecular pathways in target tissues. Acquired conditions and genetic factors have been implicated in IR. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, excess lipids and toxic lipid metabolites promote IR in other tissues. IR is associated with several groups of abnormal syndromes that include obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and other abnormalities. Although no medication is specifically approved to treat IR, we summarized the lifestyle changes and pharmacological medications that have been used as efficient intervention to improve insulin sensitivity. Ultimately, the systematic discussion of complex mechanism will help to identify potential new targets and treat the closely associated metabolic syndrome of IR.
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10
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Targeting NRF2 in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression: Efficacy of natural and synthetic compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174993. [PMID: 35513015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports a strong bidirectional association between depression and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The harmful impact of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation on the development of both disorders is widely accepted. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a pertinent target in disease management owing to its reputation as the master regulator of antioxidant responses. NRF2 influences the expression of various cytoprotective phase 2 antioxidant genes, which is hampered in both depression and T2DM. Through interaction and crosstalk with several signaling pathways, NRF2 endeavors to contain the widespread oxidative damage and persistent inflammation involved in the pathophysiology of depression and T2DM. NRF2 promotes the neuroprotective and insulin-sensitizing properties of its upstream and downstream targets, thereby interrupting and preventing disease advancement. Standard antidepressant and antidiabetic drugs may be powerful against these disorders, but unfortunately, they come bearing distressing side effects. Therefore, exploiting the therapeutic potential of NRF2 activators presents an exciting opportunity to manage such bidirectional and comorbid conditions.
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11
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Kiron V, Kathiresan P, Fernandes JM, Sørensen M, Vasanth GK, Qingsong L, Lin Q, Kwang LT, Dahle D, Dias J, Trichet VV. Clues from the intestinal mucus proteome of Atlantic salmon to counter inflammation. J Proteomics 2022; 255:104487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Beta cell function as an assessment tool for cardiovascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.847350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Mentese A, Dogramaci S, Demir S, Yaman SO, Ince I, Altay DU, Erdem M, Turan I, Alver A. The effect of homocysteine on the expression of CD36, PPARγ, and C/EBPα in adipose tissue of normal and obese mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:437-444. [PMID: 31373231 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1648517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on CD36, PPARγ, and C/EBPα gene and protein expression in adipose tissue obtained from normal and high-calorie diet obesity models. CD36, PPARγ, and C/EBPα gene expression and protein levels in adipose tissue specimens were determined using the RT-PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. Significantly increased CD36 gene expression was observed in adipose tissue from obese mice, while Hcy significantly reduced CD36 gene expression in adipose tissue from normal and obese mice. PPARγ and C/EBPα gene expression levels decreased significantly in all groups compared to the normal group. In addition, levels of both PPARγ and C/EBPα gene expression were lower with Hcy supplementation compared to their own controls. In conclusion, Hcy's reduction of CD36 gene expression in adipose tissue may be one probable factor in hyperhomocysteinemia representing an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Mentese
- Program of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Seniz Dogramaci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selim Demir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Serap Ozer Yaman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Imran Ince
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Diler Us Altay
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, Ulubey Vocational School, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Turan
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gumushane University, Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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14
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Oh KK, Adnan M, Cho DH. Network Pharmacology-Based Study to Uncover Potential Pharmacological Mechanisms of Korean Thistle ( Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum.) Flower against Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:5904. [PMID: 34641448 PMCID: PMC8513069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum. or Korean thistle flower is a herbal plant used to treat tumors in Korean folk remedies, but its essential bioactives and pharmacological mechanisms against cancer have remained unexplored. This study identified the main compounds(s) and mechanism(s) of the C. maackii flower against cancer via network pharmacology. The bioactives from the C. maackii flower were revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS), and SwissADME evaluated their physicochemical properties. Next, target(s) associated with the obtained bioactives or cancer-related targets were retrieved by public databases, and the Venn diagram selected the overlapping targets. The networks between overlapping targets and bioactives were visualized, constructed, and analyzed by RPackage. Finally, we implemented a molecular docking test (MDT) to explore key target(s) and compound(s) on AutoDockVina and LigPlot+. GC-MS detected a total of 34 bioactives and all were accepted by Lipinski's rules and therefore classified as drug-like compounds (DLCs). A total of 597 bioactive-related targets and 4245 cancer-related targets were identified from public databases. The final 51 overlapping targets were selected between the bioactive targets network and cancer-related targets. With Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, a total of 20 signaling pathways were manifested, and a hub signaling pathway (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway), a key target (Akt1), and a key compound (Urs-12-en-24-oic acid, 3-oxo, methyl ester) were selected among the 20 signaling pathways via MDT. Overall, Urs-12-en-24-oic acid, 3-oxo, methyl ester from the C. maackii flower has potent anti-cancer efficacy by inactivating Akt1 on the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Ha Cho
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (K.-K.O.); (M.A.)
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15
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Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation on Murine Preadipocytes 3T3-L1 Cells Activated with Lipopolysaccharide and/or Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090977. [PMID: 34575127 PMCID: PMC8472223 DOI: 10.3390/life11090977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effect of n-3 fatty acids can be related to anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the study was to analyzed the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on 3T3-L1 cells (murine embryonic fibroblasts‒preadipocytes) activated with inflammatory factors (IF). Cells were incubated with 50 µmol of EPA for 48 h, and then activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The level of cycloxygenase-2 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2, PTGS2, COX-2), cytosolic prostaglandin synthase E2 (cPGES), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), glucose receptor type 4 (GLUT-4), and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) was determined using Western blot analysis. The phospholipase A2 (Pla2g4a), and prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (Ptgs2) gene expression was analyzed by real-time qPCR. After EPA and IF activation, a significant decrease in the COX-2, cPGES, and TRL4 protein levels was observed. Incubation of cells with EPA and IF resulted in a decrease in Ptgs2 and an increase in the Pla2g4a gene. A significant increase in the CB2 protein was observed in adipocytes co-treated with EPA and IF. The results indicated an anti-inflammatory properties of EPA. Interestingly, the activation of the GLUT4 receptor by EPA suggests an unique role of this FA in the regulation of the adipocyte metabolism and prevention of insulin resistance.
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16
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Victor S, Chew A, Falconer S. Pro12Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 may be associated with adverse neurodevelopment in European preterm babies. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2256. [PMID: 34152086 PMCID: PMC8413715 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prematurity is the leading cause of death and disability in children under 5 years of age. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the biological processes involved in preterm brain injury may help develop novel neuroprotective treatment strategies. A growing body of evidence suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling is associated with inhibited brain development in preterm babies. The Ala allele of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARγ2 decreases receptor binding affinity and consequently induces a reduction of PPARγ signaling. METHODS In this study, we carried out a preliminary analysis of existing datasets to test the hypothesis that reduced transactivation capacity of PPARγ in the presence of the Ala variant of PPARγ2 may be associated with adverse neurodevelopment in preterm babies. The association between PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and neurodevelopment at 18-24 months of age was assessed in two groups of European infants, 155 born before 33 weeks' gestation and 180 born later than 36 weeks' gestation using a linear regression model. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-3rd edition was administered to assess neurodevelopment at 18-24 months of age. RESULTS We observed the Ala allele of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in 25% preterm infants and 20% term infants. The Ala allele of PPARγ2 was significantly associated with adverse cognitive (p = .019), language (p = .03), and motor development (p = 0.036) at 18-24 months of age after taking into consideration the duration of ventilation, gender, and index of multiple deprivation scores, but without correction for potential shared ancestry. There was no association between the PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and neurodevelopment in term infants. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data suggest that PPARγ signaling in the presence of the Ala variant of PPARγ2 may be associated with adverse neurodevelopment in preterm infants suggesting that further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Victor
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and HealthCentre for the Developing BrainSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrew Chew
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and HealthCentre for the Developing BrainSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Shona Falconer
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and HealthCentre for the Developing BrainSchool of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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17
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Menzel A, Samouda H, Dohet F, Loap S, Ellulu MS, Bohn T. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030414. [PMID: 33803155 PMCID: PMC8001241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS-being ubiquitous-and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also -omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Francois Dohet
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Suva Loap
- Clinic Cryo Esthetic, 11 Rue Éblé, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Mohammed S. Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City 00970, Palestine;
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Francisqueti-Ferron FV, Garcia JL, Ferron AJT, Nakandakare-Maia ET, Gregolin CS, Silva JPDC, Dos Santos KC, Lo ÂTC, Siqueira JS, de Mattei L, de Paula BH, Sarzi F, Silva CCVDA, Moreto F, Costa MR, Ferreira ALA, Minatel IO, Corrêa CR. Gamma-oryzanol as a potential modulator of oxidative stress and inflammation via PPAR-y in adipose tissue: a hypothetical therapeutic for cytokine storm in COVID-19? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111095. [PMID: 33253762 PMCID: PMC7695949 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The literature has reported a higher prevalence of negative clinical outcomes due to Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in obese individuals. This can be explained by the cytokine storm, result from the cytokine production from both obesity and viral infection. Gamma-oryzanol (γOz) is a compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, little is known about the γOz action as a possible agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that γOz attenuates the cytokine storm by stimulating PPAR-γ in the adipose tissue. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups and fed ad libitum for 30 weeks with control diet (C, n = 6), high sugar-fat diet (HSF, n = 6) or high sugar-fat diet + γOz (HSF + γOz, n = 6). HSF groups also received water + sucrose (25%). The γOz dose was 0.5% in the chow. Evaluation in animals included caloric intake, body weight, adiposity index, plasma triglycerides, and HOMA-IR. In adipose tissue was evaluated: PPAR-γ gene and protein expression, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters, and histological analysis. RESULTS Adipose tissue dysfunction was observed in HSF group, which presented remarkable PPAR-γ underexpression and increased levels of cytokines, other inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. The γOz treatment prevented adipose tissue dysfunction and promoted PPAR-γ overexpression. CONCLUSION Natural compounds as γOz can be considered a coadjutant therapy to prevent the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients with obesity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Silva Siqueira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Bioscience, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Mattei
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Sarzi
- Botucatu Integrated College (UNIFAC), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Moreto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Igor Otávio Minatel
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Bioscience, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Chung KW, Ha S, Kim SM, Kim DH, An HJ, Lee EK, Moon HR, Chung HY. PPARα/β Activation Alleviates Age-Associated Renal Fibrosis in Sprague Dawley Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:452-458. [PMID: 31112599 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated renal fibrosis is commonly observed, with a decline in renal function during aging. Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α/β (PPARα/β) activation has been shown to exert beneficial effects on age-associated renal changes, its effects on age-associated renal fibrosis have not been investigated yet. Here, we show that the PPARα/β activator, MHY2013, can significantly alter lipid metabolism in renal tubule epithelial cells and attenuate renal fibrosis in aged Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. We found that MHY2013 significantly increased nuclear translocation and activity of PPARα/β in NRK52E renal epithelial cells. Moreover, the enhanced PPARα/β activity increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation-associated PPARα/β target genes. In addition, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)- and oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation and fibrosis-associated gene expression were decreased in NRK52E cells by MHY2013 pretreatment. To evaluate the effects of MHY2013 on age-associated renal fibrosis, aged SD rates were orally administered MHY2013 (1 and 5 mg/kg) daily for 1 month. MHY2013 efficiently increased PPARα/β activation and reduced renal lipid accumulation in aged SD rat kidneys. Furthermore, renal fibrosis was significantly decreased by MHY2013, indicating the importance of renal lipid metabolism in age-associated renal fibrosis. Taken together, our results suggest that activation of PPARα/β signaling during aging prevents age-associated renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin An
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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20
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Cui P, Chen Y, Waili N, Li Y, Ma C, Li Y. Associations of serum C-peptide and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-3 with breast cancer deaths. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242310. [PMID: 33180852 PMCID: PMC7660502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
C-peptide is usually considered as a marker of insulin secretion and has no physiological function. This study aimed to assess the association between serum C-peptide level as independent risk factor and breast cancer and explored the possible underlying mechanisms. This was a population-based cohort study. All the data was collected according to a standard protocol. The C-peptide and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-3(IGFBP-3) concentrations were measured in blood. The breast cancer deaths were confirmed by National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted to determine the hazard ratio of serum C-peptide level for breast cancer deaths. Analysis of covariance was used to assess the association between serum C-peptide and IGFBP-3 level, and the linear trend was tested by using a linear model. A total of 8,373 women 17 years of age or older were included in the study, and 57 breast cancer deaths were observed over the study period. The result of survival analysis showed that breast cancer deaths increased with increasing levels of serum C-peptide. The hazard ratio was 1.69 (95% confidence interval, 1.17–2.45). The levels of circulating IGFBP-3 were positively associated with changes in serum C-peptide levels and showed a strong linear trend in the covariance analysis. Serum C-peptide level was associated with increased risk of breast cancer death. Our results suggest that the increased risk of breast cancer death can be via a pathway that serum C-peptide level positive associated with the change in serum IGFBP-3 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- PinYu Cui
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nuremaguli Waili
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - YaXing Li
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - CuiLing Ma
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Cui L, Guan X, Ding W, Luo Y, Wang W, Bu W, Song J, Tan X, Sun E, Ning Q, Liu G, Jia X, Feng L. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi polysaccharide ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1035-1045. [PMID: 33157130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a polysaccharide from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on UC. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a worldwide problem associating with ulcerative colitis. One homogeneous polysaccharide, named SP2-1, was isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. SP2-1 comprised mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, xylose, arabinose, fucose in the molar ratio of 5.06:21.24:1.00:20.25:3.49:50.90:228.77:2.40, with Mw of 3.72 × 106 Da. SP2-1 treatment attenuated body weight loss, reduced DAI, ameliorated colonic pathological damage, and decreased MPO activity of UC mice induced by DSS. SP2-1 also suppressed the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, the intestinal barrier was repaired due to the up-regulated expressions of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-5. SP2-1 remarkably enhanced the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in DSS-treated mice. Furthermore, as compared with model group, the abundance of Firmicutes, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia were significantly increased with SP2-1 treatment. And SP2-1 could significantly inhibit the levels of Bacteroides, Proteobacteria and Staphylococcus. In conclusion, SP2-1 might serve as a novel drug candidate against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xueneng Guan
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenbo Ding
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi Luo
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weiquan Bu
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - E Sun
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qing Ning
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Affliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, PR China.
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22
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Zhang J, Deng Y, Cheng B, Huang Y, Meng Y, Zhong K, Xiong G, Guo J, Liu Y, Lu H. Protective effects and molecular mechanisms of baicalein on thioacetamide-induced toxicity in zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:127038. [PMID: 32470728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein is a flavonoid that is widely found in plants. Studies have shown that baicalein has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and liver-protective effects. However, the effects of baicalein on TAA-induced toxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms in zebrafish larvae are still unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of baicalein on liver development and its anti-inflammatory effects in zebrafish larvae. The results showed that baicalein has significant anti-embryonic developmental toxicity and significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities in TAA-induced zebrafish larvae and promotes liver development and cell proliferation, reduces the expression of apoptotic proteins, and induces the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. At the molecular level of TAA-treated zebrafish larvae, there was a decrease in the relative expression levels of mRNAs of three subfamilies, P38, ERK1, and ERK2, of the MAPK-signaling pathway and of the products of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α. Compared with TAA-treated zebrafish larvae, zebrafish larvae treated with baicalein showed an increase in the relative expression levels of P38, ERK1, and ERK2 mRNAs and the downstream products of PPARα. When MAPK signal inhibitor (SB203580) was added, it was found that liver development was inhibited and baicalin had no protective effect on TAA induced hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. The results showed baicalein can protect the zebrafish larvae against toxicity induced by TAA through MAPK signal pathway. Several molecular mechanisms discovered in this study may help in the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Zhang
- College of life sciences, Jiangxi Normal university, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunyun Deng
- College of life sciences, Jiangxi Normal university, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Center for drug screening and research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Center for drug screening and research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunlong Meng
- Center for drug screening and research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Keyuan Zhong
- Center for drug screening and research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guanghua Xiong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of life sciences, Jiangxi Normal university, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of life sciences, Jiangxi Normal university, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Center for drug screening and research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
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Sirt1-PPARS Cross-Talk in Complex Metabolic Diseases and Inherited Disorders of the One Carbon Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081882. [PMID: 32796716 PMCID: PMC7465293 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) has a NAD (+) binding domain and modulates the acetylation status of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) and Fork Head Box O1 transcription factor (Foxo1) according to the nutritional status. Sirt1 is decreased in obese patients and increased in weight loss. Its decreased expression explains part of the pathomechanisms of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DT2), cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic liver disease. Sirt1 plays an important role in the differentiation of adipocytes and in insulin signaling regulated by Foxo1 and phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Its overexpression attenuates inflammation and macrophage infiltration induced by a high fat diet. Its decreased expression plays a prominent role in the heart, liver and brain of rat as manifestations of fetal programming produced by deficit in vitamin B12 and folate during pregnancy and lactation through imbalanced methylation/acetylation of PGC1α and altered expression and methylation of nuclear receptors. The decreased expression of Sirt1 produced by impaired cellular availability of vitamin B12 results from endoplasmic reticulum stress through subcellular mislocalization of ELAVL1/HuR protein that shuttles Sirt1 mRNA between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Preclinical and clinical studies of Sirt1 agonists have produced contrasted results in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. A preclinical study has produced promising results in the treatment of inherited disorders of vitamin B12 metabolism.
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Lee SS. The Interplay among miRNAs, Major Cytokines, and Cancer-Related Inflammation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:606-620. [PMID: 32348938 PMCID: PMC7191126 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is closely related with the progression of cancer and is an indispensable component that orchestrates the tumor microenvironment. Studies suggest that different mediator and cellular effectors, including cytokines (interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β], and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]), chemokines, as well as some transcription factors (nuclear factor κB [NF-κB], signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [STAT3], hypoxia-inducible factor-1α [HIF1α]), play a crucial role during cancer-related inflammation (CRI). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the key components of cellular physiology. They play notable roles during posttranscriptional gene regulation and, thus, might have a potential role in controlling the inflammatory cascade during cancer progression. Taking into consideration the role identified for miRNAs in relation to inflammatory cytokines, we have tried to review their participation in neoplastic progression. Additionally, the involvement of miRNAs with some important transcription factors (NF-κB, STAT3, HIF1α) and proteins (cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]) closely associated with inflammation during cancer has also been discussed. A clear insight into the responsibility of miRNAs in cytokine signaling and inflammation related to CRI could project them as new therapeutic molecules, which could lead to improved treatment of CRI in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India; Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24252, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Park SY, Yun S, Chin SO, Rhee SY, Chon S. Orientin reduces the inhibitory effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on adipogenic differentiation and insulin signaling pathway in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 318:108978. [PMID: 32044341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) accumulates in human body, probably influencing adipocyte differentiation and causing various toxic effects, including wasting syndrome. Recently, orientin, a phenolic compound abundant in natural health products, has been shown to have antioxidant properties. We investigated the protective effects of orientin against TCDD-induced adipocyte dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms. In this study, orientin suppressed TCDD-induced loss of lipid accumulation. Orientin inhibited TCDD-driven decreases in the levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and adiponectin. Orientin also reduced TCDD-induced prostaglandin E2, and cytosolic phospholipase A2α levels, and increased TCDD-inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. TCDD reduced the levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 and glucose transporter 4, and decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake activity; however, orientin diminished these TCDD-induced effects. These results suggest that orientin may have beneficial effects on the prevention of TCDD-induced wasting syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus accompanied by insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Yun
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Elia G, Ragusa F, Camastra S, Paparo SR, Giusti C, Gonnella D, Ruffilli I, Shoenfeld Y, Antonelli A. Novel therapies for thyroid autoimmune diseases: An update. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 34:101366. [PMID: 31813786 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A Th1 immune-preponderance has been shown in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO), in which the Th1-chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11), and their (C-X-C)R3 receptor, have a crucial role. Methimazole, and corticosteroids have been shown to modulate these chemokines; several efforts have been done to modulate the autoimmune reaction with other drugs, i.e. PPAR-γ, or -α ligands, or antibodies, or small molecules directed against CXCL10, or CXCR3. Antigen-specific therapy for GD, by inducing T cell tolerance through an immunization with TSH-R peptides, has been published. Drugs targeting cytokines [anti-TNFα (Etanercept), and anti-IL-6 (Tocilizumab)], and RTX (a chimeric monoclonal antibody vs. CD20) have been used in GO, with promising results. Teprotumumab (a human monoclonal anti-IGF-1R blocking antibody) has been investigated in a trial, showing it was very effective in GO patients. Still, more studies are needed for new therapies targeting autoimmune thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Camastra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Claudia Giusti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Debora Gonnella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russia.
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Impact of Glucoraphanin-Mediated Activation of Nrf2 on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with a Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235920. [PMID: 31775341 PMCID: PMC6929181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease in Western nations and ranges in severity from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is a genetic-environmental-metabolic stress-related disease of unclear pathogenesis. NAFLD is triggered by caloric overconsumption and physical inactivity, which lead to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only promotes fat accumulation, but also leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, resulting in oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important modulator of antioxidant signaling that serves as a primary cellular defense against the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress. The pharmacological induction of Nrf2 ameliorates obesity-associated insulin resistance and NAFLD in a mouse model. Sulforaphane and its precursor glucoraphanin are derived from broccoli sprouts and are the most potent natural Nrf2 inducers—they may protect mitochondrial function, thus suppressing the development of NASH. In this review, we briefly describe the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NASH and the effects of glucoraphanin on its development.
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Barbalata T, Deleanu M, Carnuta MG, Niculescu LS, Raileanu M, Sima AV, Stancu CS. Hyperlipidemia Determines Dysfunctional HDL Production and Impedes Cholesterol Efflux in the Small Intestine: Alleviation by Ginger Extract. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900029. [PMID: 31295384 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To assess the impact of ginger extract (GIN) in stimulating the production of quality HDL and the cholesterol efflux in the small intestine (SI), key processes in the management of hyperlipidemia (HL)-induced hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Three groups of hamsters are used: (i) N, fed standard diet, (ii) HL, fed high-fat diet for 21 weeks, and (iii) HL-GIN, HL treated with GIN for the last 5 weeks of diet. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), malondialdehyde-apoA-I (MDA-apoA-I), paraoxonase1 (PON1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are measured in plasma and SI. ATP-binding cassette A1 transporter (ABCA1), ABCG5/G8, liver X receptor α/β (LXRα/β), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) are assessed in the SI. Results show that in HL plasma, GIN decreases MDA-apoA-I, MPO/PON1 ratio and increases HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol. In HL-SI, GIN decreases MDA-apoA-I and MPO, increases ApoA-I, PON1, and ABCA1, and restores cholesterol efflux disturbed by HL (SIRT1-LXRα/β-PPARγ-ABCG8). GIN administration is associated with the reduction of the aortic valves lipid-deposits. CONCLUSION In HL conditions, GIN stimulates the functional HDL production by restoring apoA-I quality and quantity through inhibition of the oxidative stress, and increases cholesterol efflux in the SI. These effects are associated with the restoration of SIRT1-LXRα/β-PPARγ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Barbalata
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, Bucharest, 050568, Romania
| | - Mariana Deleanu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, Bucharest, 050568, Romania
- University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biotechnology, 59, Marasti Blvd., Bucharest, 011464, Romania
| | - Mihaela Georgiana Carnuta
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, Bucharest, 050568, Romania
| | - Loredan Stefan Niculescu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, Bucharest, 050568, Romania
| | - Mina Raileanu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, Bucharest, 050568, Romania
| | - Anca Volumnia Sima
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, Bucharest, 050568, Romania
| | - Camelia Sorina Stancu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, Bucharest, 050568, Romania
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29
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Zhang Z, Xu H, Ji J, Shi X, Lyu J, Zhu Y, Yu H, Wang F. Heterogeneity of PTEN and PPAR-γ in cancer and their prognostic application to bladder cancer. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3177-3183. [PMID: 31555390 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic value of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) for bladder cancer. Data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a public database, and were analyzed to assess PTEN and PPAR-γ heterogeneity as well as distinct trends in bladder cancers. Furthermore, PPAR-γ and PTEN expression levels and their association with one another were evaluated. Finally, the prognostic significance of PPAR-γ and PTEN for bladder cancer was validated in vivo using clinical samples. Based on the TCGA database, PTEN levels were significantly increased in bladder cancers (P<0.001); whereas PPAR-γ expression was downregulated in the same samples (P<0.05). Furthermore, linear correlation analysis indicated that in bladder cancers, PPAR-γ and PTEN are inversely correlated (P<0.001). The assessment and analysis of clinical samples revealed that PPAR-γ was significantly elevated in tumor tissues (P<0.001); however, PTEN was downregulated in cancer tissues (P<0.001). Furthermore, PPAR-γ expression determined by immunohistochemistry grey level (P=0.002) was also elevated in high-grade and invasive bladder cancers compared with low-grade and superficial tumors, whereas PTEN levels exhibited the opposite in this analysis (P=0.001). In individuals with lymphoid metastasis, PPAR-γ was significantly increased (P<0.001), and PTEN was significantly decreased (P<0.001). Pearson analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between PPAR-γ and PTEN expression (r=-0.604, P<0.05). In conclusion, tissue heterogeneity was observed with respect to PPAR-γ and PTEN expression in bladder cancer. PTEN and PPAR-γ expression are negatively correlated and may be excellent indicators of bladder cancer tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouzhou Zhang
- Department of Urology, North District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Ji
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Ji Lyu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Yasheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Hongqi Yu
- Department of Urology, North District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Fubo Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
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30
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Park JG, Mok JS, Han YI, Park TS, Kang KW, Choi CS, Park HD, Park J. Connectivity mapping of angiotensin-PPAR interactions involved in the amelioration of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by Telmisartan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4003. [PMID: 30850637 PMCID: PMC6408578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem that is associated with various metabolic disorders. Telmisartan is a potential treatment for NAFLD due to its ability to improve insulin sensitivity and decrease hepatic fat accumulation via modulation of PPARγ, and to suppress hepatic fibrosis by blocking angiotensin II receptors. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of telmisartan have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, diabetic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice (STAM mice) received daily administrations of telmisartan for 6 weeks to assess the improvements in NASH. Hepatic transcriptome analyses revealed that the amelioration of NASH likely occurred through the regulation of inflammatory- and fibrosis-related gene responses. An integrated network analysis including transcriptional and non-transcriptional genes regulated by telmisartan showed that the NAFLD pathway is interconnected with the dysregulated RAS-PPAR-NFκB pathways. The downstream targets of PPARα, PPARδ, and RELA in this network significantly overlapped with telmisartan-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were verified in palmitate-treated Hepa1c1c7 cell line. This transcriptome approach accompanied with cell-based molecular analyses provided the opportunity to understand the fundamental molecular mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic effects of telmisartan, and will contribute to the establishment of a novel pharmacological treatment for NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong Soo Mok
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young In Han
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea mouse metabolic phenotyping center, Lee Gil Ya cancer and diabetes institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.,Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joonghoon Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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31
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Polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus mycelia exerts anti-inflammatory effects via MAPK and PPAR signaling pathways. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:487-497. [PMID: 30177190 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the anti-inflammatory function of Phellinus linteus polysaccharide (PLP) was investigated in animal and cell inflammation models, and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PLP was also explored. Sixty 8-week ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, and DSS group and DSS + PLP group mice received 2.0% DSS and PLP was orally administered at 500 mg/kg/day. Our data showed that PLP administration obviously improved the health status of mice and inhibited DSS-induced pathological alterations and significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expressions in the colonic tissues. In lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation cell model, PLP supplement also significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expressions and inhibited MAPK pathway as well as the translocations of NF-κB and AP-1. Meanwhile, PLP supplement regulated PPARα and PPARγ phosphorylation and blocked MAPK activation. Taken together, PLP exhibits anti-inflammatory function and its molecular mechanism may be involved in MAPK and PPAR signal pathways, which reduce the expressions of inflammatory cytokines.
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32
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Saba E, Irfan M, Jeong D, Ameer K, Lee YY, Park CK, Hong SB, Rhee MH. Mediation of antiinflammatory effects of Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract from Korean Red Ginseng via retinoid X receptor α-peroxisome-proliferating receptor γ nuclear receptors. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:442-451. [PMID: 31308816 PMCID: PMC6606843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng has a wide range of beneficial effects on health, such as the mitigation of minor and major inflammatory diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. There are abundant data regarding the health-enhancing properties of whole ginseng extracts and single ginsenosides; however, no study to date has determined the receptors that mediate the effects of ginseng extracts. In this study, for the first time, we explored whether the antiinflammatory effects of Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) are mediated by retinoid X receptor α–peroxisome-proliferating receptor γ (RXRα-PPARγ) heterodimer nuclear receptors. Methods Nitric oxide assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, nuclear hormone receptor–binding assay, and molecular docking analyses were used for this study. Results Rg3-RGE exerted antiinflammatory effects via nuclear receptor heterodimers between RXRα and PPARγ agonists and antagonists. Conclusion These findings indicate that Rg3-RGE can be considered a potent antiinflammatory agent, and these effects are likely mediated by the nuclear receptor RXRα-PPARγ heterodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Saba
- Department of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Jeong
- Department of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kashif Ameer
- Division of Food Technology, Biotechnology and Agrochemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Yee Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Kyu Park
- Laboratory of Cosmetic Research, R&D Headquarters, Korean Ginseng Cooperation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bok Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Chungbuk Health & Science University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author: Department of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Regulation of Immune Cell Function by PPARs and the Connection with Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061575. [PMID: 29799467 PMCID: PMC6032042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points towards the existence of a bidirectional interconnection between metabolic disease and neurodegenerative disorders, in which inflammation is linking both together. Activation of members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family has been shown to have beneficial effects in these interlinked pathologies, and these improvements are often attributed to anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR activation. In this review, we summarize the role of PPARs in immune cell function, with a focus on macrophages and T cells, and how this was shown to contribute to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. We address gender differences as a potential explanation in observed contradictory results, and we highlight PPAR-induced metabolic changes as a potential mechanism of regulation of immune cell function through these nuclear receptors. Together, immune cell-specific activation of PPARs present a promising therapeutic approach to treat both metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Metabolic Reprogramming by 3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM): A New Perspective to Reverse Obesity through Co-Regulation of Sirtuin 4 and 6 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051535. [PMID: 29786646 PMCID: PMC5983833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease associated with environmental and genetic factors. 3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) has revealed great potential as an effective weight loss drug. We used metabolomics and associated transcriptional gene and protein expression analysis to investigate the tissue specific metabolic reprogramming effects of subchronic T1AM treatment at two pharmacological daily doses (10 and 25 mg/kg) on targeted metabolic pathways. Multi-analytical results indicated that T1AM at 25 mg/kg can act as a novel master regulator of both glucose and lipid metabolism in mice through sirtuin-mediated pathways. In liver, we observed an increased gene and protein expression of Sirt6 (a master gene regulator of glucose) and Gck (glucose kinase) and a decreased expression of Sirt4 (a negative regulator of fatty acids oxidation (FAO)), whereas in white adipose tissue only Sirt6 was increased. Metabolomics analysis supported physiological changes at both doses with most increases in FAO, glycolysis indicators and the mitochondrial substrate, at the highest dose of T1AM. Together our results suggest that T1AM acts through sirtuin-mediated pathways to metabolically reprogram fatty acid and glucose metabolism possibly through small molecules signaling. Our novel mechanistic findings indicate that T1AM has a great potential as a drug for the treatment of obesity and possibly diabetes.
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Bombassaro B, Ignacio-Souza LM, Nunez CE, Razolli DS, Pedro RM, Coope A, Araujo EP, Chaim EA, Velloso LA. A20 deubiquitinase controls PGC-1α expression in the adipose tissue. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:90. [PMID: 29678181 PMCID: PMC5909260 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator- 1alpha (PGC-1α) plays an important role in whole body metabolism and, particularly in glucose homeostasis. Its expression is highly regulated and, small variations in tissue levels can have a major impact in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. Recent studies have shown that the ubiquitin/proteasome system plays a role in the control of PGC-1α degradation. METHODS Here we evaluated the interaction of PGC-1α with the protein A20, which plays a dual-role in the control of the ubiquitin/proteasome system acting as a deubiquitinase and as an E3 ligase. We employed immunoprecipitation, quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining to evaluate PGC-1α, A20, PPARγ and ubiquitin in the adipose tissue of humans and mice. RESULTS In distinct sites of the adipose tissue, A20 binds to PGC-1α. At least in the subcutaneous fat of humans and mice the levels of PGC-1α decrease during obesity, while its physical association with A20 increases. The inhibition of A20 leads to a reduction of PGC-1α and PPARγ expression, suggesting that A20 acts as a protective factor against PGC-1α disposal. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that mechanisms regulating PGC-1α ubiquitination are potentially involved in the control of the function of this transcriptional co-activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bombassaro
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leticia M Ignacio-Souza
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla E Nunez
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Pedro
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andressa Coope
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eliana P Araujo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Elinton A Chaim
- Department of Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084 970, Brazil.
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Kou X, Wang X, Ji R, Liu L, Qiao Y, Lou Z, Ma C, Li S, Wang H, Ho CT. Occurrence, biological activity and metabolism of 6-shogaol. Food Funct 2018; 9:1310-1327. [PMID: 29417118 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01354j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the main bioactive compounds of dried ginger, 6-shogaol has been widely used to alleviate many ailments. It is also a major pungent flavor component, and its precursor prior to dehydration is 6-gingerol, which is reported to be responsible for the pungent flavor and biological activity of fresh ginger. Structurally, gingerols including 6-gingerol have a β-hydroxyl ketone moiety and is liable to dehydrate to generate an α,β-unsaturated ketone under heat and/or acidic conditions. The conjugation of the α,β-unsaturated ketone skeleton in the chemical structure of 6-shogaol explicates its higher potency and efficacy than 6-gingerol in terms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiemetic and other bioactivities. Research on the health benefits of 6-shogaol has been conducted and results have been reported recently; however, scientific data are scattered due to a lack of systematic collection. In addition, action mechanisms of the preventive and/or therapeutic actions of 6-shogaol remain obscurely non-collective. Herein, we review the preparations, biological activity and mechanisms, and metabolism of 6-shogaol as well as the properties of 6-shogaol metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingran Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China and Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Ruya Ji
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Lang Liu
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Yening Qiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaixiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Hongxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. and National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
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Jahansouz C, Xu H, Hertzel AV, Kizy SS, Steen KA, Foncea R, Serrot FJ, Kvalheim N, Luthra G, Ewing K, Leslie DB, Ikramuddin S, Bernlohr DA. Partitioning of adipose lipid metabolism by altered expression and function of PPAR isoforms after bariatric surgery. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:139-146. [PMID: 28894292 PMCID: PMC5803459 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment for reducing adiposity and eliminating type 2 diabetes; however, the mechanism(s) responsible have remained elusive. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) encompass a family of nuclear hormone receptors that upon activation exert control of lipid metabolism, glucose regulation and inflammation. Their role in adipose tissue following bariatric surgery remains undefined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies and serum were obtained and evaluated from time of surgery and on postoperative day 7 in patients randomized to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n=13) or matched caloric restriction (n=14), as well as patients undergoing vertical sleeve gastrectomy (n=33). Fat samples were evaluated for changes in gene expression, protein levels, β-oxidation, lipolysis and cysteine oxidation. RESULTS Within 7 days, bariatric surgery acutely drives a change in the activity and expression of PPARγ and PPARδ in subcutaneous adipose tissue thereby attenuating lipid storage, increasing lipolysis and potentiating lipid oxidation. This unique metabolic alteration leads to changes in downstream PPARγ/δ targets including decreased expression of fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 4 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) with increased expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). Increased expression of UCP2 not only facilitated fatty acid oxidation (increased 15-fold following surgery) but also regulated the subcutaneous adipose tissue redoxome by attenuating protein cysteine oxidation and reducing oxidative stress. The expression of UCP1, a mitochondrial protein responsible for the regulation of fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis in beige and brown fat, was unaltered following surgery. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that bariatric surgery initiates a novel metabolic shift in subcutaneous adipose tissue to oxidize fatty acids independently from the beiging process through regulation of PPAR isoforms. Further studies are required to understand the contribution of this shift in expression of PPAR isoforms to weight loss following bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Jahansouz
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, MN, 55455
| | - Ann V. Hertzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, MN, 55455
| | - Scott S. Kizy
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kaylee A. Steen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, MN, 55455
| | - Rocio Foncea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, MN, 55455
| | | | - Nicholas Kvalheim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, MN, 55455
| | - Girish Luthra
- Park Nicollet Bariatric Surgery Center, St. Louis Park, MN
| | | | - Daniel B. Leslie
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Sayeed Ikramuddin
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David A. Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, MN, 55455
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Chen FC, Shen KP, Chen JB, Lin HL, Hao CL, Yen HW, Shaw SY. PGBR extract ameliorates TNF-α induced insulin resistance in hepatocytes. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 34:14-21. [PMID: 29310812 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) could ameliorate metabolic syndrome, however, not much research estimates the effect of PGBR extract on insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of PGBR extract in TNF-α induced insulin resistance. HepG2 cells, hepatocytes, were cultured in DMEM medium and added with 5 μM insulin or with insulin and 30 ng/ml TNF-α or with insulin, TNF-α and PGBR extract (50, 100, 300 μg/ml). The glucose levels of the medium were decreased by insulin, demonstrating insulin promoted glucose uptake into cell. However, TNF-α inhibited glucose uptake into cells treated with insulin. Moreover, insulin increased the protein expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-α (PI3K-α), serine/threonine kinase PI3K-linked protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2), glucokinase (GCK), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and PPAR-γ. TNF-α activated p65 and MAPKs (JNK1/2 and ERK1/2) which worsened the expressions of AMPK, IRS-1, PI3K-α, Akt/PKB, GLUT-2, GCK, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), PPAR-α and PPAR-γ. Once this relationship was established, we added PGBR extract to cell with insulin and TNF-α. We found glucose levels of medium were lowered and that the protein expressions of AMPK, IRS-1, PI3K-α, Akt/PKB, GLUT-2, GCK, GSK-3, PPAR-α, PPAR-γ and p65, JNK1/2 were also recovered. In conclusion, this study found that TNF-α inhibited insulin stimulated glucose uptake and aggravated related proteins expressions, suggesting that it might cause insulin resistance. PGBR extract was found to ameliorate this TNF-α induced insulin resistance, suggesting that it might be used in the future to help control insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bor Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Li Lin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Yen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Yu Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Park S, Arumugam P, Purushothaman B, Kim SY, Min DH, Jeon NL, Song JM. Quantum-dot nanoprobes and AOTF based cross talk eliminated six color imaging of biomolecules in cellular system. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 985:166-174. [PMID: 28864187 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary cell cultures mimic the physiology and genetic makeup of in-vivo tissue of origin, nonetheless, a complication in the derivation and propagation of primary cell culture limits its use in biological research. However, in-vitro models using primary cells might be a complement model to mimic in vivo response. But, conventional techniques such as western blot and PCR employed to study the expression and activation of proteins requires a large number of cells, hence repeated establishment and maintenance of primary culture are unavoidable. Quantum dot (Q-dot) and acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF) based multiplex imaging system is a viable alternative choice to evaluate multiple signaling molecules by using a small number of cells. Q-dots have broad excitation and narrow emission spectra, which allows to simultaneously excite multiple Q-dots by using single excitation wavelength. The use of AOTF in the fluorescence detection system enables to scan the fluorescence emission intensity of a Q-dot at their central wavelength, this phenomenon effectively avoids spectral overlap among the neighboring Q-dots. When Q-dots are conjugated with antibodies it acts as effective sensing probes. To validate this, the expression pattern of p-JNK-1, p-GSK3β, p-IRS1ser, p-IRS1tyr, p-FOXO1, and PPAR-γ, involved in the insulin resistance were concurrently monitored in adipocyte and HepG2 co-cell culture model. The observed results clearly indicate that PPAR-γ is the critical component in the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, the results proved that developed Q-dot based AOTF imaging methodology is a sensible choice to concurrently monitor multiple signaling molecules with limited cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solji Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | | | | | - Sung-Yon Kim
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Myong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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Li Y, Zhao D, Li Y, Meng L, Enwer G. Serum C-peptide as a key contributor to lipid-related residual cardiovascular risk in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 73:263-268. [PMID: 28869884 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The serum levels of C-peptide, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), increase with age. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum C-peptide and increased risk for CVD with altered lipid metabolism in the elderly. METHODS This was a population-based cross-sectional study that included 3091 elderly participants aged ≥65 years. Serum C-peptide and lipid levels were measured according to standard protocols. Sampling weights were used to estimate the characteristics of study participants. Stratified analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the changes in the serum lipid levels according to quartiles of serum C-peptide levels, and the linear trend was assessed using a linear model. The logistic regression model was carried out to determine the association between the serum C-peptide levels and serum lipid levels. RESULTS The results of the analysis of covariance stratified by sex and serum insulin level showed that the serum triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly associated with changes in the serum C-peptide levels, independent of the serum insulin level. The logistic regression analyses indicated that the serum C-peptide levels were positively associated with the serum TG levels, and negatively associated with the serum HDL-C levels. A significant dose-response association was obtained in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Serum C-peptide levels were strongly associated with increased serum TG and reduced HDL-C levels in the elderly. Our results suggest that serum C-peptide increases the risk of CVD via a pathway that increases TG or decreases HDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - DuoDuo Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Lu Meng
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Gulmire Enwer
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, China
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Barbagallo I, Li Volti G, Galvano F, Tettamanti G, Pluchinotta FR, Bergante S, Vanella L. Diabetic human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells fail to differentiate in functional adipocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1079-1085. [PMID: 27909015 PMCID: PMC5444636 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216681552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction represents a hallmark of diabetic patients and is a consequence of the altered homeostasis of this tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their differentiation into adipocytes contribute significantly in maintaining the mass and function of adult adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differentiation of MSCs from patients suffering type 2 diabetes (dASC) and how such process results in hyperplasia or rather a stop of adipocyte turnover resulting in hypertrophy of mature adipocytes. Our results showed that gene profile of all adipogenic markers is not expressed in diabetic cells after differentiation indicating that diabetic cells fail to differentiate into adipocytes. Interestingly, delta like 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and interleukin 1β were upregulated whereas Sirtuin 1 and insulin receptor substrate 1 gene expression were found downregulated in dASC compared to cells obtained from healthy subjects. Taken together our data indicate that dASC lose their ability to differentiate into mature and functional adipocytes. In conclusion, our in vitro study is the first to suggest that diabetic patients might develop obesity through a hypertrophy of existing mature adipocytes due to failure turnover of adipose tissue. Impact statement In the present manuscript, we evaluated the differentiative potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in adipocytes obtained from healthy and diabetic patients. This finding could be of great potential interest for the field of obesity in order to exploit such results to further understand the pathophysiological processes underlying metabolic syndrome. In particular, inflammation in diabetic patients causes a dysfunction in MSCs differentiation and a decrease in adipocytes turnover leading to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Guido Tettamanti
- IRCCS “S. Donato” Hospital, San Donato Milanese, Milan 20097, Italy
| | | | - Sonia Bergante
- IRCCS “S. Donato” Hospital, San Donato Milanese, Milan 20097, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
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Yoshihara A, Sugita N, Iwasaki M, Wang Y, Miyazaki H, Yoshie H, Nakamura K. Relationship between renal function and periodontal disease in community-dwelling elderly women with different genotypes. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:484-489. [PMID: 28207944 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the association between periodontal disease and renal function in elderly women with different genotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 332 postmenopausal never-smoking women were analysed. Poor renal function was defined as serum cystatin C > 0.91 mg/l. Periodontal disease markers such as periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) were evaluated. Selected variables, including PISA quartile, body mass index (BMI), HbA1C and age in Arg allele carriers and non-carriers based on the beta-3 adrenergic receptor, or between Ala allele carriers and non-carriers based on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, were analysed using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The odds ratios of serum cystatin C level and PISA (fourth quartile) were significantly positive for both Arg (2.52; p = 0.035) and Ala allele non-carriers (2.36; p = 0.021). A significant association was also found between serum cystatin C level and BMI for both Arg (1.18; p = 0.001) and Ala allele non-carriers (1.12; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that periodontal inflammation might be associated with renal function. Furthermore, in both the Arg and Ala allele non-carriers, the associations between BMI and PISA for renal function became stronger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noriko Sugita
- Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwasaki
- Department of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideo Miyazaki
- Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yoshie
- Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nakamura
- Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Li HY, Yang M, Li Z, Meng Z. Curcumin inhibits angiotensin II-induced inflammation and proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells by elevating PPAR-γ activity and reducing oxidative stress. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1307-1316. [PMID: 28339005 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced production of inflammatory factors and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role in the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Growing evidence has demonstrated that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) effectively attenuates AngII-induced inflammation and intercellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) production. Curcumin (Cur) inhibits inflammatory responses by enhancing PPAR-γ activity and reducing oxidative stress in various tissues. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether Cur inhibits AngII-induced inflammation and proliferation, and its underlying molecular mechanism, in VSMCs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time PCR were used to measure the protein and mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by Griess reaction. Western blot analysis and a DNA-binding assay were used to measure PPAR-γ activity. iROS production was measured using the DCFH-DA method. In rat VSMCs, Cur attenuated AngII‑induced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA and protein in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited NO production by suppressing inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity, and suppressed proliferation of VSMCs. This was accompanied by increased PPAR-γ expression and activation in Cur-pretreated VSMCs. GW9662, a PPAR-γ antagonist, reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of Cur. Moreover, Cur attenuated AngII-induced oxidative stress by downregulating the expression of p47phox, which is a key subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. In conclusion, Cur inhibited the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, decreased the production of NO, and suppressed the proliferation of VSMCs, by elevating PPAR-γ activity and suppressing oxidative stress, leading to attenuated AngII-induced inflammatory responses in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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44
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Deciphering the Roles of Thiazolidinediones and PPAR γ in Bladder Cancer. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:4810672. [PMID: 28348577 PMCID: PMC5350343 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4810672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of thiazolidinedione (TZD) therapy in type II diabetic patients has proven useful in the lowering of blood glucose levels. However, recent investigations have shown that there may be potential health concerns associated, including the risk of developing bladder cancer as well as complications in the cardiovasculature. TZDs are ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ, and activation causes lipid uptake and insulin sensitization, both of which are critical processes for diabetic patients whose bodies are unable to utilize insulin effectively. Several studies have shown that PPARγ/TZDs decrease IGF-1 levels and, thus, reduce cancer growth in carcinomas such as the pancreas, colon, liver, and prostate. However, other studies have shed light on the potential of the receptor as a biomarker for uroepithelial carcinomas, particularly due to its stimulatory effect on migration of bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, PPARγ may provide the tumor-promoting microenvironment by de novo synthesis of nutrients that are needed for bladder cancer development. In this review, we closely examine the TZD class of drugs and their effects on PPARγ in patient studies along with additional molecular factors that are positive modulators, such as protein phosphatase 5 (PP5), which may have considerable implications for bladder cancer therapy.
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45
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MicroRNAs-Dependent Regulation of PPARs in Metabolic Diseases and Cancers. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:7058424. [PMID: 28167956 PMCID: PMC5266863 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7058424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of ligand-dependent nuclear receptors, which control the transcription of genes involved in energy homeostasis and inflammation and cell proliferation/differentiation. Alterations of PPARs' expression and/or activity are commonly associated with metabolic disorders occurring with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease, as well as with inflammation and cancer. Emerging evidence now indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small noncoding RNAs, which fine-tune gene expression, play a significant role in the pathophysiological mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of PPARs. Herein, the regulation of PPARs by miRNAs is reviewed in the context of metabolic disorders, inflammation, and cancer. The reciprocal control of miRNAs expression by PPARs, as well as the therapeutic potential of modulating PPAR expression/activity by pharmacological compounds targeting miRNA, is also discussed.
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Treatment of cardiovascular pathology with epigenetically active agents: Focus on natural and synthetic inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Int J Cardiol 2016; 227:66-82. [PMID: 27852009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) retains a leadership as a major cause of human death worldwide. Although a substantial progress was attained in the development of cardioprotective and vasculoprotective drugs, a search for new efficient therapeutic strategies and promising targets is under way. Modulation of epigenetic CVD mechanisms through administration epigenetically active agents is one of such new approaches. Epigenetic mechanisms involve heritable changes in gene expression that are not linked to the alteration of DNA sequence. Pathogenesis of CVDs is associated with global genome-wide changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Epigenetically active compounds that influence activity of epigenetic modulators such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases (HDACs), etc. may correct these pathogenic changes in the epigenome and therefore be used for CVD therapy. To date, many epigenetically active natural substances (such as polyphenols and flavonoids) and synthetic compounds such as DNMT inhibitors or HDAC inhibitors are known. Both native and chemical DNMT and HDAC inhibitors possess a wide range of cytoprotective activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-anfibrotic, and anti-hypertrophic properties, which are beneficial of treatment of a variety of CVDs. However, so far, only synthetic DNMT inhibitors enter clinical trials while synthetic HDAC inhibitors are still under evaluation in preclinical studies. In this review, we consider epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in cardiovascular pathology and the epigenetics-based therapeutic approaches focused on the implementation of DNMT and HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 121609, Russia; National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
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47
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Enhanced Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1975-1985. [PMID: 27091928 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00164-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is related to its ability to secrete a variety of virulence factors. Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism wherein small diffusible molecules, specifically acyl-homoserine lactones, are produced by P. aeruginosa to promote virulence. We show here that macrophage clearance of P. aeruginosa (PAO1) is enhanced by activation of the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Macrophages treated with a PPARγ agonist (pioglitazone) showed enhanced phagocytosis and bacterial killing of PAO1. It is known that PAO1 QS molecules are inactivated by PON-2. QS molecules are also known to inhibit activation of PPARγ by competitively binding PPARγ receptors. In accord with this observation, we found that infection of macrophages with PAO1 inhibited expression of PPARγ and PON-2. Mechanistically, we show that PPARγ induces macrophage paraoxonase 2 (PON-2), an enzyme that degrades QS molecules produced by P. aeruginosa Gene silencing studies confirmed that enhanced clearance of PAO1 in macrophages by PPARγ is PON-2 dependent. Further, we show that PPARγ agonists also enhance clearance of P. aeruginosa from lungs of mice infected with PAO1. Together, these data demonstrate that P. aeruginosa impairs the ability of host cells to mount an immune response by inhibiting PPARγ through secretion of QS molecules. These studies define a novel mechanism by which PPARγ contributes to the host immunoprotective effects during bacterial infection and suggest a role for PPARγ immunotherapy for P. aeruginosa infections.
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48
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Current Advances in the Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Thiazolidinediones. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:7614270. [PMID: 27313601 PMCID: PMC4893583 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7614270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes the current advances in the biochemical and physiological aspects in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with thiazolidinediones (TZDs). DM2 is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, triggering the abnormal activation of physiological pathways such as glucose autooxidation, polyol's pathway, formation of advance glycation end (AGE) products, and glycolysis, leading to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines, which are responsible for the micro- and macrovascular complications of the disease. The treatment of DM2 has been directed toward the reduction of hyperglycemia using different drugs such as insulin sensitizers, as the case of TZDs, which are able to lower blood glucose levels and circulating triglycerides by binding to the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as full agonists. When TZDs interact with PPARγ, the receptor regulates the transcription of different genes involved in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and adipogenesis. However, TZDs exhibit some adverse effects such as fluid retention, weight gain, hepatotoxicity, plasma-volume expansion, hemodilution, edema, bone fractures, and congestive heart failure, which limits their use in DM2 patients.
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystal Wittcopp
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children's Hospital, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Rushika Conroy
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children's Hospital, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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50
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Lund J, Stensrud C, Rajender, Bohov P, Thoresen GH, Berge RK, Wright M, Kamal A, Rustan AC, Miller AD, Skorve J. The molecular structure of thio-ether fatty acids influences PPAR-dependent regulation of lipid metabolism. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1191-203. [PMID: 26874397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thio-ether fatty acids (THEFAs), including the parent 2-(tetradecylthio)acetic acid (TTA), are modified fatty acids (FAs) that have profound effects on lipid metabolism given that they are blocked for β-oxidation, and able to act as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists. Therefore, TTA in particular has been tested clinically for its therapeutic potential against metabolic syndrome related disorders. Here, we describe the preparation of THEFAs based on the TTA scaffold with either a double or a triple bond. These are tested in cultured human skeletal muscle cells (myotubes), either as free acid or following esterification as phospholipids, lysophospholipids or monoacylglycerols. Metabolic effects are assessed in terms of cellular bioavailabilities in myotubes, by FA substrate uptake and oxidation studies, and gene regulation studies with selected PPAR-regulated genes. We note that the inclusion of a triple bond promotes THEFA-mediated FA oxidation. Furthermore, esterification of THEFAs as lysophospholipids also promotes FA oxidation effects. Given that the apparent clinical benefits of TTA administration were offset by dose limitation and poor bioavailability, we discuss the possibility that a selection of our latest THEFAs and THEFA-containing lipids might be able to fulfill the therapeutic potential of the parent TTA while minimizing required doses for efficacy, side-effects and adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lund
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Stensrud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Rajender
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Flowers Building, Imperial College London, UK; Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pavol Bohov
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | - Michael Wright
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Flowers Building, Imperial College London, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, UK
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, UK; GlobalAcorn Ltd, London, UK
| | - Jon Skorve
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
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