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Salas-Ortiz A, Jones AM. Inequality of opportunity in the double burden of malnutrition in Mexico. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2024; 33:2342-2380. [PMID: 38944848 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposes a pseudo-birth-cohort approach to deal with a lack of longitudinal data to measure health inequities over time. Using Roemer's framework for inequality of opportunity, this study measures ex-ante and ex-post inequalities in malnutrition, a concept that spans both sides of the nutrition continuum. The total contribution of observed circumstances and the direct contribution of observed efforts to the variation of malnutrition are disentangled for people born between 1983 and 1988 in Mexico. Results indicate that inequality of opportunity has been persistent across this 30-year lifespan for that cohort. Some evidence suggests that a lack of opportunities has been transmitted from parents to children and that people's circumstances account for most of the explained variation in the double burden of malnutrition. However, stratifying the analysis by sex shows that efforts account for more of the explained variation of inequality of opportunity for women in their middle adulthood than for men in most of the outcomes analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York, UK
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Fauny M, Halin M, Allado E, Brunaud L, Nomine-Criqui C, Albuisson E, Chary-Valckenaere I, Quilliot D, Loeuille D. DXA evaluation of bone fragility 2 years after bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. Bone Rep 2024; 22:101782. [PMID: 39035627 PMCID: PMC11260009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The primary objective was to evaluate bone fragility on dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in patients with obesity before and 2 years after bariatric surgery. The secondary objective was to identify risk factors for the development of a bone mineral density ≤ -2 SD at 2 years. Methods This descriptive study included patients with obesity who underwent DXA before and 2 years (±6 months) after bariatric surgery. The BMD and the T-score were assessed at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip. Data on body composition on DXA were also collected. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was retained for a T-score ≤ - 2.5 SD at any measured location. Osteopenia, or low bone mass, was defined by -2.5 SD < T-score ≤ -1 SD. Results Among the 675 included patients, 77.8 % were women, with a mean age of 49.5 years (±11.1). After bariatric surgery, there were significantly more patients with osteoporosis: 3.6 % vs. 0.9 % (p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for developing a bone mineral density ≤ -2 SD 2 years after bariatric surgery in patients with normal BMD before surgery were age and lower lean and fat mass before the surgery (OR = 1.07, 95%CI = [1.03-1.12], OR = 0.83, 95%CI = [0.77-0.91], OR = 1.08, 95%CI = [1.02-1.15], respectively). Conclusion There was a significantly higher prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass 2 years after bariatric surgery. Older age and lower lean and fat mass at baseline were risk factors for the development of a BMD ≤ -2SD at 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Fauny
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Nancy, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Saint Charles Hospital, Toul, France
| | - Marion Halin
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Edem Allado
- CHRU-Nancy, University Center of Sports Medicine and Adapted Physical Activity, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, DevAH, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Brunaud
- Unité Multidisciplinaire de la Chirurgie de l'obésité (UMCO), University Hospital, Nancy, France
- Inserm UMRS 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risks) - University de Lorraine, Faculty of Medicine, Nancy, France
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Visceral, Metabolic, and Cancer Surgery (CVMC), University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Claire Nomine-Criqui
- Unité Multidisciplinaire de la Chirurgie de l'obésité (UMCO), University Hospital, Nancy, France
- Inserm UMRS 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risks) - University de Lorraine, Faculty of Medicine, Nancy, France
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Visceral, Metabolic, and Cancer Surgery (CVMC), University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Eliane Albuisson
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IECL, F-54000 Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, DRCI, Département MPI, Unité de méthodologie, Data management et statistiques UMDS, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Isabelle Chary-Valckenaere
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Nancy, France
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA). UMR 7365 CNRS –University of Lorraine, France
| | - Didier Quilliot
- Inserm UMRS 1256 N-GERE (Nutrition-Genetics-Environmental Risks) - University de Lorraine, Faculty of Medicine, Nancy, France
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetology and Nutrition, University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Damien Loeuille
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Nancy, France
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA). UMR 7365 CNRS –University of Lorraine, France
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Negron DE, Higdon JR, Kang J. Metabolomic distance between normal and obese children. Steroids 2024; 208:109451. [PMID: 38838951 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the metabolomic distance between normal and obese children. Our PCA results quantitatively explain why girls are more prone to obesity than boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon E Negron
- Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA
| | - Julia R Higdon
- Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA
| | - Jonghoon Kang
- Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA.
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Eyeberu A, Dessie Y, Assefa N. Burden of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Health 2024:ihae041. [PMID: 38850065 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity continue to escalate, despite the regulations and interventions that have been put in place. To support further policy directions, it is necessary to have pooled data that illustrate the burden of overweight and obesity among adolescents nowadays. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the burden of overweight and obesity among Ethiopian adolescents. METHODS Embase, Science Direct, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science were the databases used in the search for publications that ran from inception until 25 October 2023. STATA version 18 was used to analyze data on overweight and obesity in adolescents. Using the random effect model, the pooled estimates with 95% CIs were calculated. Using the Galbraith plot, I2 statistics and Cochrane Q statistics, heterogeneity was investigated. RESULTS In total, 20145 adolescents aged 10-19 years were included in this meta-analysis study. The pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Ethiopia was 10% (95% CI 9 to 12%; I2=94.03%). There was a substantial correlation between being female (OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.15), attending private schools (OR=1.78, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.26), having a family size of ≥4 (OR=1.86, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.58) and being of middle economic status (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.10). CONCLUSIONS In Ethiopia, one in 10 adolescents is overweight/obese. The study's findings clearly show that a large number of adolescents are dealing with this emerging public health issue. Moreover, characteristics related to physical activity, nutrition and sociodemographics were discovered to be associated with overweight and obesity. To lessen the burden of overweight and obesity, the government and other parties should work together to support gender-specific nutritional interventions, encourage healthy lifestyle choices among teenagers and facilitate these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Assefa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Negrea MO, Negrea GO, Săndulescu G, Neamtu B, Solomon A, Popa ML, Stoia O, Domnariu CD, Teodoru M. Assessing Lifestyle Patterns and Their Influence on Weight Status in Students from a High School in Sibiu, Romania: An Adaptation of ISCOLE Questionnaires and the Child Feeding Questionnaire. Nutrients 2024; 16:1532. [PMID: 38794770 PMCID: PMC11123863 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalation of global obesity is driving research to understand environmental influences on this process, particularly during vulnerable developmental stages such as childhood and adolescence. Efforts include the development of various structured data collection tools. We aimed to adapt a series of previously validated questionnaires from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE), the Child Feeding Questionnaire, and elements from the World Health Organization Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) in order to assess local lifestyle patterns among Romanian high school students and their families that may predispose them to obesity. To this goal, an expert committee was formed as part of a research partnership to oversee the questionnaire's translation and adaptation. It consisted of education and school management specialists, clinical research professionals, language experts, and public health experts. The adapted questionnaires were then applied to 114 students enrolled in the 9th and 10th grades attending a high school situated in Sibiu, and their parents. The variables measured were investigated for correlations with overweight and obesity and, as a secondary objective, academic performance. The study revealed several critical findings, including suboptimal sleep durations and physical activity levels among students, a significant amount of screen time, and correlations between weight status and physical activity, sedentary time, and maternal weight status and education levels. The adapted questionnaires proved to be effective tools in capturing the multifaceted factors implicated in adolescent obesity, providing a foundation for targeted interventions and broader public health strategies to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Octavian Negrea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.); (O.S.); (M.T.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Săndulescu
- “Gheorghe Lazăr” National College, 1–3 Gheorghe Lazăr Str., 550165 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Neamtu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.); (O.S.); (M.T.)
- Department of Clinical Research, Pediatric Clinical Hospital Sibiu, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Adelaida Solomon
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.); (O.S.); (M.T.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Mirela Livia Popa
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.); (O.S.); (M.T.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Oana Stoia
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.); (O.S.); (M.T.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Carmen Daniela Domnariu
- Department of Dental Medicine and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Minodora Teodoru
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (M.O.N.); (B.N.); (A.S.); (M.L.P.); (O.S.); (M.T.)
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, 2–4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
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Patwardhan V, Gil GF, Arrieta A, Cagney J, DeGraw E, Herbert ME, Khalil M, Mullany EC, O'Connell EM, Spencer CN, Stein C, Valikhanova A, Gakidou E, Flor LS. Differences across the lifespan between females and males in the top 20 causes of disease burden globally: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Public Health 2024; 9:e282-e294. [PMID: 38702093 PMCID: PMC11080072 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex and gender shape health. There is a growing body of evidence focused on comprehensively and systematically examining the magnitude, persistence, and nature of differences in health between females and males. Here, we aimed to quantify differences in the leading causes of disease burden between females and males across ages and geographies. METHODS We used the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to compare disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates for females and males for the 20 leading causes of disease burden for individuals older than 10 years at the global level and across seven world regions, between 1990 and 2021. We present absolute and relative differences in the cause-specific DALY rates between females and males. FINDINGS Globally, females had a higher burden of morbidity-driven conditions with the largest differences in DALYs for low back pain (with 478·5 [95% uncertainty interval 346·3-632·8] more DALYs per 100 000 individuals among females than males), depressive disorders (348·3 [241·3-471·0]), and headache disorders (332·9 [48·3-731·9]), whereas males had higher DALY rates for mortality-driven conditions with the largest differences in DALYs for COVID-19 (with 1767·8 [1581·1-1943·5] more DALYs per 100 000 among males than females), road injuries (1012·2 [934·1-1092·9]), and ischaemic heart disease (1611·8 [1405·0-1856·3]). The differences between sexes became larger over age and remained consistent over time for all conditions except HIV/AIDS. The largest difference in HIV/AIDS was observed among those aged 25-49 years in sub-Saharan Africa with 1724·8 (918·8-2613·7) more DALYs per 100 000 among females than males. INTERPRETATION The notable health differences between females and males point to an urgent need for policies to be based on sex-specific and age-specific data. It is also important to continue promoting gender-sensitive research, and ultimately, implement interventions that not only reduce the burden of disease but also achieve greater health equity. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedavati Patwardhan
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela F Gil
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alejandra Arrieta
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jack Cagney
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin DeGraw
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Molly E Herbert
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mariam Khalil
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin C Mullany
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin M O'Connell
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cory N Spencer
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caroline Stein
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aiganym Valikhanova
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emmanuela Gakidou
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luisa S Flor
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Hamrah MS, Bartlett L, Kitsos A, Vickers JC. Gender differences in modifiable dementia risk factors in monolingual and bilingual Australian adults. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:371-375. [PMID: 37331448 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Gender and bilingualism are reported to influence the risk of dementia. This study examined the prevalence of self-reported modifiable dementia risk factors by gender in two samples: one that speaks at least one language other than English (LoE) and one that speaks only English. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of Australian residents aged 50 years or over (n = 4339). Participant characteristics and dementia risk behaviours were inspected using descriptive statistics in data collected via online surveys between October 2020 and November 2021. RESULTS In both samples, men had a higher rate than women of being overweight and were classified more frequently as being at risk of dementia due to alcohol consumption, lower cognitive activity, and non-adherence to the Mediterranean-style diet. Men reported better management of their cardiometabolic health than women across both groups. Non-significant trends showed men were more often smokers but more physically active than women in the LoE group, and less often smokers but less physically active than women in the English-only group. CONCLUSION This study found men and women reported similar patterns of dementia risk behaviours regardless of LoE or English-only status. SO WHAT?: Gender differences in risk behaviours prevail regardless of language-speaking status. The results can be used to guide future research aiming to understand and reduce modifiable dementia risk in Australia and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shoaib Hamrah
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Larissa Bartlett
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alex Kitsos
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - James C Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Dickerson B, Maury J, Jenkins V, Nottingham K, Xing D, Gonzalez DE, Leonard M, Kendra J, Ko J, Yoo C, Johnson S, Pradelles R, Purpura M, Jäger R, Sowinski R, Rasmussen CJ, Kreider RB. Effects of Supplementation with Microalgae Extract from Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Mi136) to Support Benefits from a Weight Management Intervention in Overweight Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:990. [PMID: 38613023 PMCID: PMC11013338 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae like Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) contain the carotenoid, fucoxanthin, which has been purported to promote fat loss, lower blood lipids, and improve glucose management. This study examined whether dietary supplementation with microalgae extracts from PT containing 4.4 mg/d of fucoxanthin affects changes in body composition or health markers in overweight women during an exercise and diet intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 37 females (28.6 ± 7.9 years, 80.2 ± 14.9 kg, 29.6 ± 3.8 kg/m², 41.4 ± 4.2% fat) fasted for 12 h, donated a fasting blood sample, completed health and mood state inventories, and undertook body composition, health, and exercise assessments. In a counterbalanced, randomized, and double-blind manner, participants ingested a placebo (PL), or microalgae extract of Phaeodactylum tricornutum standardized to 4.4 mg of fucoxanthin (FX) for 12 weeks while participating in a supervised exercise program that included resistance-training and walking (3 days/week) with encouragement to accumulate 10,000 steps/day on remaining days of the week. The diet intervention involved reducing energy intake by about -300 kcal/d (i.e., ≈1400-1600 kcals/d, 55% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 15% protein) to promote a -500 kcal/d energy deficit with exercise. Follow-up testing was performed at 6 and 12 weeks. A general linear model (GLM) with repeated measures statistical analysis was used to analyze group responses and changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with microalgae extract from PT containing fucoxanthin for 12 weeks did not promote additional weight loss or fat loss in overweight but otherwise healthy females initiating an exercise and diet intervention designed to promote modest weight loss. However, fucoxanthin supplementation preserved bone mass, increased bone density, and saw greater improvements in walking steps/day, resting heart rate, aerobic capacity, blood lipid profiles, adherence to diet goals, functional activity tolerance, and measures of quality of life. Consequently, there appears to be some benefit to supplementing microalgae extract from PT containing fucoxanthin during a diet and exercise program. Registered clinical trial #NCT04761406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Broderick Dickerson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Jonathan Maury
- Research & Development Department, Microphyt, 34670 Baillargues, France; (J.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Victoria Jenkins
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Kay Nottingham
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Dante Xing
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Drew E. Gonzalez
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Megan Leonard
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Jacob Kendra
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Joungbo Ko
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Choongsung Yoo
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Rémi Pradelles
- Research & Development Department, Microphyt, 34670 Baillargues, France; (J.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Martin Purpura
- Increnovo LLC, Whitefish Bay, WI 53217, USA; (M.P.); (R.J.)
| | - Ralf Jäger
- Increnovo LLC, Whitefish Bay, WI 53217, USA; (M.P.); (R.J.)
| | - Ryan Sowinski
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Christopher J. Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (B.D.); (V.J.); (K.N.); (D.X.); (D.E.G.); (M.L.); (J.K.); (J.K.); (C.Y.); (S.J.); (R.S.); (C.J.R.)
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Rocha T, Melson E, Zamora J, Fernandez-Felix BM, Arlt W, Thangaratinam S. Sex-Specific Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease Risks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis Involving 3 916 276 Individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1145-1153. [PMID: 37930879 PMCID: PMC10940259 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is limited knowledge about the disparities between the sexes in obesity prevalence and associated cardiovascular complications in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). OBJECTIVE We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess sex-specific disparities in the prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in LMICs, the burden in women, and variations by region, country's income status, setting, and time. METHODS We searched major databases from inception to March 2023. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, assessed their quality, and extracted data. We used DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models to obtain pooled estimates of odds ratios and 95% CI for the association between sex and obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, and multilevel random-effects logistic regression models to estimate the prevalence of relevant outcomes (PROSPERO CRD42019132609). RESULTS We included 345 studies (3 916 276 individuals). The odds of obesity were 2.72-fold higher in women than men (OR 2.72; 95% CI, 2.54-2.91). The sex-specific disparities varied by region, with the greatest disparities in Sub-Saharan Africa (OR 3.91; 95% CI, 3.49-4.39). Among women in LMICs, 23% (95% CI, 21%-25%) had obesity, 27% (95% CI, 24%-29%) had hypertension, and 7% (95% CI, 6%-9%) had type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in women varied by region, country's income, and setting, with the highest prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa, upper-middle-income countries and urban settings. The odds of hypertension (OR 2.41; 95% CI, 1.89-3.08) and type 2 diabetes (OR 2.65; 95% CI, 1.76-3.98) were doubled in women with vs without obesity. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need for a women-centred and region-stratified approach to tackle obesity awareness, treatment, and prevention in women in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Rocha
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Eka Melson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Javier Zamora
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28034, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women's Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Borja Manuel Fernandez-Felix
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TQ, UK
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences (MRC LMS), London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Shakila Thangaratinam
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women's Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TQ, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
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Gumilang RA, Fan YC, Wu SH, Bai CH. Adiposity indices and their higher predictive value for new-onset hypertension in metabolically healthy young women: findings from a population-based prospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:150. [PMID: 38475731 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the predictive ability of selected adiposity indices, such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), for new-onset hypertension in metabolically healthy Taiwanese adults. The study also sought to establish sex-specific cutoff points for these indices and to analyze the risk of new-onset hypertension, taking into account sex and age. METHODS This prospective cohort study utilized the Taiwan Biobank database to examine metabolically healthy participants aged between 20 and 65 at baseline. Four adiposity indices, namely BMI, WHR, WC, and WHtR, were calculated and used to predict new-onset hypertension over 4 years. Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) and areas under the curve (AUCs) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the parameters in predicting new-onset hypertension over 4 years. Sex-specific cutoff points were identified and used to assess the risk of new-onset hypertension. RESULTS This study analyzed 13,375 participants over 4.28 years. The incidence of new-onset hypertension was 17.65%. The new-onset rate of hypertension was 34.39% in men and 65.61% in women. Adiposity indices effectively predict new-onset hypertension, with WHtR having the highest predictive value (i.e., AUC) for both sexes. The classification of participants into low and high categories for each adiposity index was based on sex-specific cutoff points, and the risk of new-onset hypertension was assessed according to sex and age. This study found that high adiposity indices predicted a significantly higher risk of new-onset hypertension in metabolically healthy adults. The risk was equal for both sexes. Young women had a higher risk of new-onset hypertension than middle-aged women when they were further categorized. All risk ratios of the indices in young women were over two-fold and significant. CONCLUSION According to the sex-specific cutoff point, high adiposity indices had a higher predictive value for new-onset hypertension in metabolically healthy Taiwanese young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizki Amalia Gumilang
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing/Academic Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yen-Chun Fan
- College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Allied Health Education and Digital Learning, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hao Wu
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Cerasani J, Consales A, Gangi S, Macchi M, Morniroli D, Vizzari G, Tiraferri V, Petrelli A, Mosca F, Giannì ML. Exclusive human milk feeding and prevalence of early adiposity rebound in ELBW infants: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1295-1303. [PMID: 38112801 PMCID: PMC10950974 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of early adiposity rebound (EAR) and factors associated with its occurrence in a cohort of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW). We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study including ELBW infants followed-up for up to 10 years after discharge. EAR was defined as occurring before 5 years of age. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate maternal and perinatal variables independently associated with EAR. Out of 212 ELBW infants included in the analysis, 40.6% developed EAR and 21.5% showed it before 4 years of age. Only formula milk feeding at discharge was independently associated with a higher risk of EAR. The mean BMI of children with EAR was higher than that of children without EAR. Furthermore, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in the EAR group than in the timely AR group. Conclusions: ELBW infants in our cohort developed EAR in a relatively high percentage of cases. In this already at-risk population, EAR may represent a further risk factor for an adverse metabolic outcome. Monitoring preterm infants' growth within a long-term follow-up program and promoting and supporting human milk feeding is advisable. What is Known: • Preterm-born infants are at high risk for long-term adverse health outcomes, especially cardiovascular and metabolic. • The occurrence of early adiposity rebound (EAR) is associated with the risk of later obesity and metabolic syndrome. What is New: • The occurrence of EAR in ELBW infants may represent an additional risk factor for later adverse metabolic outcomes in an already vulnerable population. • Future preventive strategies should include a long-term follow-up and the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Cerasani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Consales
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvana Gangi
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Macchi
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Morniroli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Vizzari
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Tiraferri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Petrelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorella Giannì
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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12
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Zhang H, Jia N, Ran R, Chen F, Li X, Cao L, Deng H, Yang D, Wang Z, Liu Y, Chen J, Fang X, Liu Y, Shen B. Epidemiological study of multi-site WMSDs in the footwear industry in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024; 30:56-63. [PMID: 36516459 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2159174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in Chinese footwear industry workers from 2018 to 2020 and explore the possible influencing factors of WMSDs. Methods. 7106 subjects from 26 large shoe factories in China were investigated using the epidemiological cross-sectional survey method by using the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ). Results. The total prevalence of WMSDs in the study subjects was 36.8% (2616/7106). Among them, the prevalence of multi-site WMSDs was 26.1% (1858/7106). The proportion of multi-site WMSDs involving two sites was the largest (31.38%). In addition, the results showed that the risk factors of multi-site WMSDs were gender, marital status, long current job experience, poor health, poor working posture, etc. Conclusions. The prevalence of WMSDs was high in the Chinese footwear industry. Based on the results, therefore, it seems necessary to improve work posture, work organization and workenvironment to prevent WMSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Zhang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Ning Jia
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Ruihong Ran
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Fengqiong Chen
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Huaxin Deng
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Di Yang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Zhongxu Wang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jianchao Chen
- Fujian Province Occupational Disease and Chemical Poisoning Prevention and Control Center, China
| | - Xinglin Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yongquan Liu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Fuzhou Municipal Occupational Disease and Chemical Poisoning Prevention and Control Center, China
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13
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Acciarino A, Diwakarla S, Handreck J, Bergola C, Sahakian L, McQuade RM. The role of the gastrointestinal barrier in obesity-associated systemic inflammation. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13673. [PMID: 38111141 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a key contributor to the onset and progression of several obesity-associated diseases and is thought to predominantly arise from the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of white adipose tissue. However, a growing body of works suggests that early changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) barrier may contribute to both local, within the GI lining, and systemic inflammation in obesity. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is well-characterized in inflammatory GI disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and is known to contribute to systemic inflammation. Thus, drawing parallels between GI disorders, where intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation are prominent features, and obesity-induced GI manifestations may provide insights into the potential role of the intestinal barrier in systemic inflammation in obesity. This review summarizes the current literature surrounding intestinal barrier dysfunction in obesity and explores the potential role of intestinal hyperpermeability and intestinal barrier dysfunction in the development of systemic inflammation and GI dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Acciarino
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanti Diwakarla
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Handreck
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cedrick Bergola
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Sahakian
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel M McQuade
- Gut Barrier and Disease Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Souto CR, Salaroli LB, da Silva GG, Cattafesta M, Silva YFR, Soares FLP. Intuitive eating has reduced the chances of being overweight in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1329788. [PMID: 38425481 PMCID: PMC10902148 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1329788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction University students have been particularly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, and several sociodemographic and behavioral factors may be associated with the risk of overweight in this population. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the pandemic on the eating behavior and nutritional status of university students, and the factors associated with these changes, especially the role of intuitive eating in this process. Methods This is a repeated measures observational study with data collected in the first and third year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, from students over the age of 18 in the undergraduate programs of a federal university in southeastern Brazil. The survey was conducted using an online form. Eating behavior was assessed using the "Intuitive Eating Scale-2". Results 251 university students took part, most of them female with a median age of 22. There was an increase in body mass index (BMI) and intuitive eating score between the two periods. In the first year of the pandemic, being female and using tobacco reduced the chances of students being overweight. Living in a marital relationship, worrying about weight gain and body dissatisfaction increased the chances of this outcome. In the third year of the pandemic, it was observed that practicing restrictive diets, having inadequate body perception, worrying about weight gain and living in a marital relationship increased the chances of students being overweight. Being female and eating more intuitively, in line with bodily needs, reduced these odds, demonstrating a protective role in this scenario. Conclusion There was an increase in BMI and intuitive eating score during the pandemic. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and behavioral variables had both a positive and negative influence on nutritional status. Intuitive eating was shown to be a protective factor during this period, reducing the chances of being overweight in this population. Thus, more intuitive eating may favor greater weight stability, and may, therefore, have helped to reduce the impact of the pandemic on weight gain. In this way, people who ate more intuitively partially resisted the context that favored weight gain (stress, changes in diet and physical inactivity).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciane Bresciani Salaroli
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Cattafesta
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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15
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Noormal AS, Winkler V, Bhusari SB, Horstick O, Louis VR, Deckert A, Antia K, Wasko Z, Rai P, Mocruha AF, Dambach P. Prevalence of major non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2024; 15:20406223241229850. [PMID: 38362254 PMCID: PMC10868487 DOI: 10.1177/20406223241229850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and increasingly so in low- and middle-income countries. Afghanistan is dealing with a double burden of diseases, yet there has been no evidence synthesis on the prevalence of major NCDs and their risk factors. Objective This study aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the existing data on the prevalence of major NCDs and the common related risk factors in Afghanistan. Method We systematically reviewed scientific articles from 2000 to 2022 that reported the prevalence of diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or cancer, and their risk factors in Afghanistan. Four online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar) and two local journals in Afghanistan (not indexed online) were systematically searched and screened. Two reviewers independently screened and appraised the quality of the articles. Data extraction and synthesis were performed using tabulated sheets. Results Among 51 eligible articles, 10 (19.6%) focused on cancer, 10 (19.6%) on diabetes, 4 (7.8%) on CVDs, 4 (7.8%) on CRDs and 23 (45.1%) on risk factors as the primary outcome. Few articles addressed major NCD prevalence; no evidence of CVDs, cancer was 0.15%, asthma ranged between 0.3% and 17.3%, and diabetes was 12%. Pooled prevalence of hypertension and overweight were 31% and 35%, respectively. Central obesity was twice as prevalent in females (76% versus 40%). Similarly, gender differences were observed in smoking and snuff use with prevalence rates of 14% and 25% among males and 2% and 3% among females, respectively. A total of 14% of the population engaged in vigorous activity. Pooled prevalence for physical inactivity, general obesity, fruit and vegetable consumption, dyslipidaemia and alcohol consumption couldn't be calculated due to the heterogeneity of articles. Conclusion Only little evidence is available on the prevalence of major NCDs in Afghanistan; however, the NCD risk factors are prevalent across the country. The quality of the available data, especially those of the local resources, is poor; therefore, further research should generate reliable evidence in order to inform policymakers on prioritizing interventions for controlling and managing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Siyar Noormal
- Ministry of Public Health, Sehat-e-Ama Square, Wazir Akbar khan Road, 1001, Kabul, Afghanistan
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Volker Winkler
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Horstick
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Khatia Antia
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zahia Wasko
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pratima Rai
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Dambach
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Iball GR, Beeching CE, Gabe R, Tam HZ, Darby M, Crosbie PAJ, Callister MEJ. An evaluation of CT radiation doses within the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial. Br J Radiol 2024; 97:469-476. [PMID: 38308037 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate radiation doses for all low-dose CT scans performed during the first year of a lung screening trial. METHODS For all lung screening scans that were performed using a CT protocol that delivered image quality meeting the RSNA QIBA criteria, radiation dose metrics, participant height, weight, gender, and age were recorded. Values of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were evaluated as a function of weight in order to assess the performance of the scan protocol across the participant cohort. Calculated effective doses were used to establish the additional lifetime attributable cancer risks arising from trial scans. RESULTS Median values of CTDIvol, DLP, and effective dose (IQR) from the 3521 scans were 1.1 mGy (0.70), 42.4 mGycm (24.9), and 1.15 mSv (0.67), whilst for 60-80kg participants the values were 1.0 mGy (0.30), 35.8 mGycm (11.4), and 0.97 mSv (0.31). A statistically significant correlation between CTDIvol and weight was identified for males (r = 0.9123, P < .001) and females (r = 0.9052, P < .001), however, the effect of gender on CTDIvol was not statistically significant (P = .2328) despite notable differences existing at the extremes of the weight range. The additional lifetime attributable cancer risks from a single scan were in the range 0.001%-0.006%. CONCLUSIONS Low radiation doses can be achieved across a typical lung screening cohort using scan protocols that have been shown to deliver high levels of image quality. The observed dose levels may be considered as typical values for lung screening scans on similar types of scanners for an equivalent participant cohort. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Presentation of typical radiation dose levels for CT lung screening examinations in a large UK trial. Effective radiation doses can be of the order of 1 mSv for standard sized participants. Lifetime attributable cancer risks resulting from a single low-dose CT scan did not exceed 0.006%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R Iball
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Physics & Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS1 3EX, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E Beeching
- Department of Medical Physics & Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS1 3EX, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian Gabe
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Zhen Tam
- Barts Clinical Trials Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Darby
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS1 3EX, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A J Crosbie
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew E J Callister
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS1 3EX, United Kingdom
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17
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Elsafi SH, Al-Dossari RH, Al-shaqi RA, Fakirah WE, Al-Dossari RF, Al-sharif OJ, Maawadh RM, Al Musallam LD, Alaohali A, Abu Hassan AM, Alfahad OA, Al Naam YA, Al Zahrani EM. Obesity-Related Knowledge and Practice Among the Healthcare Professions Students in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:427-434. [PMID: 38292010 PMCID: PMC10826704 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s445385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objectives of this study are to identify the prevalence and the factors behind overweight and obesity among the healthcare profession's students. Methods A well-structured and validated questionnaire was distributed to a heterogeneous purposive sample of the healthcare profession's students in Saudi Arabia. Results About 21.0% and 15.5% were overweight and obese, respectively. The average knowledge score was 70.6% and increased with age and among obese participants. The average attitude score was 74.8% with no variation within age, body mass index (BMI), and gender. The average practice score was only 36.7%. There was a significant variation of the practice within the different age groups (P = 0.021). There was a significant association between the participant's knowledge and attitude, and practice. Conclusion The average practice score was poor. Despite their good knowledge and positive attitude, the students are exposed to heavy junk food marketing, which encourages overconsumption by instilling positive emotional associations with the junk food. They are mostly physically inactive, anxious and sleep deprived, which can lead to poor eating habits. For this group, various strategies and motivators will likely be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah H Elsafi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem H Al-Dossari
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruaa A Al-shaqi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wateen E Fakirah
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan F Al-Dossari
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omniyyah J Al-sharif
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan M Maawadh
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lenah D Al Musallam
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Alaohali
- Dental and Oral Health Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Othman A Alfahad
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser A Al Naam
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eidan M Al Zahrani
- College Deanship, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Zuniga SS, Flores MR, Albu A. Role of Endogenous Opioids in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Eating Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 35:329-356. [PMID: 38874731 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This second chapter in our trilogy reviews and critically appraises the scientific evidence for the role of endogenous opioid system (EOS) activity in the onset and progression of both obesity and eating disorders. Defining features of normative eating and maladaptive eating behaviors are discussed as a foundation. We review the scientific literature pertaining to the predisposing risk factors and pathophysiology for obesity and eating disorders. Research targeting the association between obesity, disordered eating, and psychiatric comorbidities is reviewed. We conclude by discussing the involvement of endogenous opioids in neurobiological and behavior traits, and the clinical evidence for the role of the EOS in obesity and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvana Stephano Zuniga
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Marcela Rodriguez Flores
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Adriana Albu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Patel NA, Lui A, Trujillo AN, Motawe ZY, Bader D, Schuster J, Burgess A, Alves NG, Jo M, Breslin JW. Female and male obese Zucker rats display differential inflammatory mediator and long non-coding RNA profiles. Life Sci 2023; 335:122285. [PMID: 37995934 PMCID: PMC10760426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this study was to identify mediators in peri-lymphatic adipose tissue (PLAT) that are altered in obese versus lean Zucker rats, with focus on potential sex differences MAIN METHODS: Mesenteric PLAT was analyzed with protein and lncRNA arrays. Additional RT-PCR confirmation was performed with epididymal/ovarian fat. KEY FINDINGS MCP-1, TCK-1, Galectin-1, Galectin-3, and neuropilin-1 were elevated in PLAT from obese rats of both sexes. However, 11 additional proteins were elevated only in obese males while 24 different proteins were elevated in obese females. Profiling of lncRNAs revealed lean males have elevated levels of NEAT1, MALAT1 and GAS5 compared to lean females. NEAT1, MALAT1, and GAS5 were significantly reduced with obesity in males but not in females. Another lncRNA, HOTAIR, was higher in lean females compared to males, and its levels in females were reduced with obesity. Obese rats of both sexes had similar histologic findings of mesenteric macrophage crown-like structures and hepatocyte fat accumulation. SIGNIFICANCE While obese male and female Zucker rats both have increased inflammation, they have distinct signals. Future studies of the proteome and lncRNA landscape of obese males vs. females in various animal models and in human subjects are warranted to better guide development of therapeutics for obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketa A Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America; James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, United States of America
| | - Ashley Lui
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America; James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, United States of America
| | - Andrea N Trujillo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America
| | - Zeinab Y Motawe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America
| | - Deena Bader
- James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, United States of America
| | - Jane Schuster
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrea Burgess
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America
| | - Natascha G Alves
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America
| | - Michiko Jo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America; Division of Presymptomatic Disease, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Jerome W Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States of America.
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Ren Y, Sun K, Rong Y, Song S, Zhai Y, Miao J, Shi H, Xue H, Li Z. Association between daily screen time and risk of stroke among middle-aged and elderly people: research based on China health and nutrition survey. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1307930. [PMID: 38152381 PMCID: PMC10751340 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1307930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to explore the independent associations between screen time and the risk of stroke among Chinese adults based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Methods Data on Chinese adults aged older than 40 years from the CHNS in during 2004-2009 were selected. A total of 4,587 individuals were included in 2009, including screen time and the risk of stroke. Simultaneously, we traced the previous screen time to 2004 for those with outcome measures in 2009 (n = 2,100). Basic information, lifestyle, and screen behavior were obtained through face-to-face interviews and self-completed questionnaires. Anthropometric data collected included blood pressure, body weight, height, hip circumference, and waist circumference. Fasting blood was obtained for measurements of lipid and glucose levels. Cross-sectional analysis and cohort analysis were both performed using multivariate logistic regression. Results Of all participants, 3,004 (65.49%) participants spent more than 2 h per day on screen time. Taking the men who spent less than 2 h on screen per day as reference, the crude odds ratio (OR) of the high risk of stroke was 1.53 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.20-1.95] for the men who spent 2-3 h per day on screen and 2.37 (95% CI, 1.78-3.16) for the men who spent more than 3 h per day on screen. This difference remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors. No association was observed among women. However, in the cohort analysis with screen time in 2006 as the independent variable, the association between screen time and stroke risk was found both in men [OR, 1.83 (95% CI, 1.19-2.82)] and women [OR, 1.48 (95% CI, 1.10-1.99)]). Conclusion We found that the high screen time was associated with an increased stroke risk, which was pronounced in men, warranting a universal need to limit screen time in order to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Ren
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kejuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Clinical Nursing, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yueqing Rong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shiming Song
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yijing Zhai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Junjie Miao
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongmei Shi
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zengning Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Ekpor E, Akyirem S, Adade Duodu P. Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2023; 55:696-713. [PMID: 36821504 PMCID: PMC9970251 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2182909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes and obesity are serious public health concerns globally and a growing burden in Africa. Both conditions have serious repercussions on health when they co-occur, yet the extent of their co-occurrence in Africa remains unknown. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among persons with type 2 diabetes in Africa. METHOD A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, African Index Medicus (AIM), and African Journals Online (AJOL) for observational studies that reported the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity among type 2 diabetes patients in Africa. The prevalence data from individual studies were aggregated through a random-effects meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was used to evaluate between-studies heterogeneity, while subgroup analysis and mixed-effects meta-regression were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. We assessed publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's test. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Of 1753 records retrieved, 80 articles were eligible for this review, with 74 cross-sectional studies included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.6% and 25.6% respectively, while the overall prevalence of both overweight and obesity was 61.4%. Also, the pooled prevalence of both overweight and obesity across the five geographical areas in Africa ranged from 56.9% in East Africa to 88.5% in Southern Africa. Nineteen factors were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes is a significant public health concern that transcends geographical boundaries within Africa. The findings from this review highlight the need for innovative weight management interventions that are tailored to the cultural context of the African setting.KEY MESSAGESThere was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the type 2 diabetes patients.Nineteen factors were identified to be significantly associated with overweight and obesity among type 2 diabetes patients.Only 12 out of the 80 included studies primarily focused on the prevalence of overweight and/or obesity which reflects a dearth of interest in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ekpor
- School of Nursing, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,St. Martins de Porres Hospital, Eikwe, Ghana
| | - Samuel Akyirem
- Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, England, UK
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22
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Ritter PI. Soda expansion in the tropics: The effect on obesity rates among women without piped water at home. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 51:101274. [PMID: 37574609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity rates and soda consumption are increasing at a worrisome pace in developing countries. In particular, soda companies seem to be targeting areas with poor access to clean water. This paper exploits a natural experiment in Peru and finds evidence that changes in the price of soda generate important effects in terms of obesity among individuals without piped water at home. These significant effects are driven by a combination of a large effect in the consumption of soda and an effect close to zero in the consumption of potential substitutes high in calories. This paper also provides some evidence that a reduction in price of soda reduces diarrhea prevalence, suggesting that some individuals substitute away contaminated water. This evidence suggests that soda taxes might be particularly beneficial among this population in terms of the prevention of obesity and possibly related diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The potential trade-off between obesity and diarrhea needs to be investigated in greater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Ritter
- Department of Economics, University of Connecticut, 365 Fairfield Way, Unit 1063, Storrs, CT 06269-1063, United States of America.
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Lowe SA, Hunter S, Patte KA, Leatherdale ST, Pabayo R. Exploring the longitudinal associations between census division income inequality and BMI trajectories among Canadian adolescent: Is gender an effect modifier? SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101519. [PMID: 37808229 PMCID: PMC10550757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Income inequality is a structural determinant of health linked to increased risk of overweight and obesity, although its links to the health of adolescent populations are not well understood. This study investigated the longitudinal associations between census-division-level (CD) income inequality and BMI trajectories among Canadian adolescents, and determine if these associations vary by gender. Methods Study data are from the Cannabis use, Obesity, Mental health, Physical Activity, Alcohol use, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) cohort of adolescents attending secondary schools in Canada. Our sample included 14,675 adolescents who were followed up across three waves of the COMPASS study (2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019) and linked to 30 CDs. Measures of income inequality and other area-level covariates were derived and linked to COMPASS participants using data from the 2016 Canadian Census. We utilized multilevel mixed-effects linear regression modelling to quantify the associations between income inequality and BMI and test for effect modification by gender. Sensitivity analyses were run excluding those with BMI scores in the range considered overweight or obesity at baseline. Results Higher CD income inequality was significantly associated with higher z-transformed BMI scores (β = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.034 to 0.19). The interaction term between income inequality and time was not statistically significant, indicating that this association remained constant over time. Once stratified by gender, the association between inequality and BMI became stronger for males (β = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.060 to 0.022) and attenuated for females (β = 0.063, 95% CI = -0.047 to 0.17). Conclusion Attending schools in CDs with higher income inequality was associated with higher BMI scores among male but not female adolescents. Further work is needed to investigate this discrepancy and identify the structural mechanisms that mediate the relationship between inequality and adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A.J. Lowe
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen A. Patte
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | | | - Roman Pabayo
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Giuliani A, Romano L, Necozione S, Cofini V, Di Donato G, Schietroma M, Carlei F. Excisional Hemorrhoidectomy Versus Dearterialization With Mucopexy for the Treatment of Grade III Hemorrhoidal Disease: The EMODART3 Multicenter Study. Dis Colon Rectum 2023; 66:e1254-e1263. [PMID: 37616177 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, several surgical approaches have been proposed to treat hemorrhoids. OBJECTIVE This multicenter study aimed to compare transanal hemorrhoidal artery ligation and conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy for grade III hemorrhoidal disease. DESIGN Multicenter retrospective study. SETTINGS Any center belonging to the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery in which at least 30 surgical procedures per year for hemorrhoidal disease were performed was able to join the study. PATIENTS Clinical data from patients with Goligher's grade III hemorrhoidal disease who underwent excisional hemorrhoidectomy or hemorrhoidal artery ligation were retrospectively analyzed after a 24-month follow-up period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary aims were to evaluate the adoption of 2 different surgical techniques and to compare them in terms of symptoms, postoperative adverse events, and recurrences at a 24-month follow-up. RESULTS Data from 1681 patients were analyzed. The results of both groups were comparable in terms of postoperative clinical score by multiple regression analysis and matched case-control analysis. Patients who underwent excisional hemorrhoidectomy had a significantly higher risk of postoperative complication (adjusted OR = 1.58; p = 0.006). A secondary analysis highlighted that excisional hemorrhoidectomy performed with new devices and hemorrhoidal artery ligation reported a significantly lower risk for complications than excisional hemorrhoidectomy performed with traditional monopolar diathermy. At the 24-month follow-up assessment, recurrence was significantly higher in the hemorrhoidal artery ligation group (adjusted OR = 0.50; p = 0.001). A secondary analysis did not show a higher risk of recurrences based on the type of device. LIMITATIONS The retrospective design and the self-reported nature of data from different centers. CONCLUSIONS Hemorrhoidal artery ligation is an effective option for grade III hemorrhoidal disease; however, it is burdened by a high risk of recurrences. Excisional hemorrhoidectomy performed with newer devices is competitive in terms of postoperative complications.HEMORROIDECTOMÍA POR ESCISIÓN VERSUS DESARTERIALIZACIÓN CON MUCOPEXIA PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA ENFERMEDAD HEMORROIDAL DE GRADO 3: EL ESTUDIO MULTICÉNTRICO EMODART3ANTECEDENTES:En las últimas décadas se han propuesto varios abordajes quirúrgicos para el tratamiento de las hemorroides.OBJETIVO:Este estudio multicéntrico tiene como objetivo comparar la ligadura de la arteria hemorroidal transanal y la hemorroidectomía por escisión convencional para la enfermedad hemorroidal de grado III.DISEÑO:Estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico.ÁMBITO:Cualquier centro perteneciente a la Sociedad Italiana de Cirugía Colorrectal en el que se realizaron al menos 30 procedimientos quirúrgicos por año para la enfermedad hemorroidal pudo participar en el estudio.PACIENTES:Los datos clínicos de pacientes con enfermedad hemorroidal de grado III de Goligher que se sometieron a hemorroidectomía por escisión o ligadura de arterias hemorroidales se analizaron retrospectivamente después de un período de seguimiento de 24 meses.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Los objetivos primarios fueron evaluar la adopción de dos técnicas quirúrgicas diferentes y compararlas en términos de síntomas, eventos adversos posoperatorios y recurrencias a los 24 meses de seguimiento.RESULTADOS:Se analizaron datos de 1681 pacientes. Los 2 grupos resultaron ser comparables en términos de puntuación clínica posoperatoria mediante análisis de regresión múltiple y análisis de casos y controles emparejados. Los pacientes sometidos a hemorroidectomía excisional tuvieron un riesgo significativamente mayor de complicaciones posoperatorias (odds ratio ajustado = 1,58; p = 0,006). Un análisis secundario destacó que la hemorroidectomía por escisión realizada con nuevos dispositivos y la ligadura de la arteria hemorroidal informaron un riesgo significativamente menor de complicaciones que la hemorroidectomía por escisión realizada con diatermia monopolar tradicional. En la evaluación de seguimiento de 24 meses, la recurrencia fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de ligadura de la arteria hemorroidal (razón de probabilidad ajustada = 0,50; p = 0,001). Un análisis secundario no mostró un mayor riesgo de recurrencias según el tipo de dispositivo.LIMITACIONES:El diseño retrospectivo y el carácter autoinformado de los datos de diferentes centros.CONCLUSIÓN:HAL es una opción efectiva para la enfermedad hemorroidal grado III; sin embargo, se ve afectado por un alto riesgo de recurrencias. La hemorroidectomía por escisión realizada con dispositivos más nuevos es competitiva en términos de complicaciones posoperatorias. (Traducción-Dr Yolanda Colorado ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giuliani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of General Surgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lucia Romano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Necozione
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cofini
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giada Di Donato
- Department of General Surgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mario Schietroma
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of General Surgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Carlei
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of General Surgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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Saha A, Mandal B, Muhammad T, Barman P, Ahmed W. Gender-specific determinants of overweight and obesity among older adults in India: evidence from a cross-sectional survey, 2017-18. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2313. [PMID: 37993827 PMCID: PMC10664315 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major societal trend of the twenty-first century is the rapidly ageing population as a consequence of the decline in fertility and increase in life expectancy. Along with the rise in ageing population, the burden of obesity and related non-communicable diseases is also equally rising. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential gender-specific determinants of overweight and obesity among older adults in India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The present study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1 (2017-18). A total sample of 25,952 older adults (≥ 60 years) was selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, bivariate chi-square test, and logistic regression estimation were applied to accomplish the study objectives. Body mass index (BMI) has been classified in this study according to the WHO criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight was higher among women (18.15% in rural areas and 46.62% in urban areas) compared to men (12.9% in rural areas and 30.61% in urban areas). Similarly, obesity was higher among women than men who were residing in urban areas (17.07% vs. 5.37%), had secondary or above education (32.38% vs. 6.1%) belonged to richest strata (16.37% vs. 4.50%), or had mobility impairment (9.2% vs. 2.8%). Despite adjustment for several confounders, women were more likely to be overweight (OR: 2.18; CI: 1.86, 2.55) and obese (OR: 3.79; CI: 2.86, 5.03) than men. However, among both the elderly men and women, those who were highly educated were 2.29 times (OR: 2.29; CI: 1.80, 4.11) and 2.71 times (OR: 2.71; CI: 1.78, 4.11), respectively more likely to be overweight than their illiterate counterparts. Older adults living in urban areas were more likely to suffer from obesity compared to rural men (OR: 1.47; CI: 1.07, 2.02) and women (OR: 2.58; CI: 1.85, 3.60). Both men and women, who were highly educated were 2.64 times (OR: 2.64; CI: 1.71, 4.09) and 2.94 times (OR: 2.94; CI: 1.40, 6.20), respectively, more likely to be obese than their illiterate counterparts. Older men and women who were richest (OR: 1.60; CI: 1.19, 2.14 & OR: 2.12; CI: 1.63,2.76), or had mobility impairment (OR: 1.33; CI: 1.09,1.61 & OR: 1.72; CI: 1.42,2.08) were more likely to be overweight than their counterparts who were poorest or did not have any mobility limitation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study found increased vulnerability of overweight and obesity among older women than men irrespective of their socioeconomic, demographic, and health status. The present study suggests that introducing preventative measures such as campaigns to encourage physical activity, and community awareness may help reduce the high burden of overweight and obesity. Finally, the findings are important for better functioning of any public health programme and suitable intervention techniques to maintain a healthy body in order to lower the prevalence and risk factors of non-communicable diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Saha
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Bittu Mandal
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - T Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Papai Barman
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Waquar Ahmed
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
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Gupta RD, Frank HA, Akonde M, Mazumder A, Siddika N, Apu EH, Chakraborty PA. Rural-Urban Differences in Prevalence and Associated Factors of Underweight and Overweight/Obesity among Bangladeshi Adults: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 4:505-520. [PMID: 38131674 PMCID: PMC10742748 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia4040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the differences in prevalence and associated factors of underweight and overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adults (≥18 years) by analyzing the cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018 data. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify the factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity in urban and rural areas. The prevalence of underweight was 12.24% and 19.34% in urban and rural areas, respectively. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 50.23% and 35.96%, respectively, in urban and rural areas. In the final multivariable analysis in both urban and rural areas, 30-49 years of age, female sex, being educated up to college or higher level, living in the wealthiest household, and being currently married or being separated/divorced/widowed had higher odds of being overweight/obese compared to other categories. Residence in the Mymensingh and Sylhet region was associated with decreased odds of overweight/obesity in urban and rural areas. On the other hand, being educated up to college or higher level, living in the wealthiest household, and being married were associated with reduced odds of being underweight in both areas. These high-risk groups should be brought under targeted health promotion programs to curb malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Das Gupta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Hanna A. Frank
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Maxwell Akonde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ananna Mazumder
- Jahurul Islam Medical College (JIMC), Bajitpur, Kishoreganj 2336, Bangladesh
| | - Nazeeba Siddika
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Centre for International Public Health and Environmental Research, Bangladesh (CIPHER,B), Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Centre for International Public Health and Environmental Research, Bangladesh (CIPHER,B), Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA
| | - Promit Ananyo Chakraborty
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Appuhamy KK, Podmore D, Mitchell A, Ahmed HU, Ashworth M, Boehnke JR, Chongtham V, Chowdhury AH, Garcia OP, Holt RIG, Huque R, Muliyala KP, Onstenk EK, Rajan S, Shiers D, Siddiqi N, Manjunatha S, Zavala GA. Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity in people with severe mental illness in South Asia: cross-sectional study in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e116. [PMID: 38033510 PMCID: PMC10687724 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major contributors to the excess mortality seen in people with severe mental illness (SMI) and in low- and middle-income countries people with SMI may be at an even greater risk. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight in people with SMI and investigate the association of obesity and overweight with sociodemographic variables, other physical comorbidities, and health-risk behaviours. This was a multi-country cross-sectional survey study where data were collected from 3989 adults with SMI from three specialist mental health institutions in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated using Asian BMI thresholds. Multinomial regression models were then used to explore associations between overweight and obesity with various potential determinants. There was a high prevalence of overweight (17·3 %) and obesity (46·2 %). The relative risk of having obesity (compared to normal weight) was double in women (RRR = 2·04) compared with men. Participants who met the WHO recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake had 2·53 (95 % CI: 1·65-3·88) times greater risk of having obesity compared to those not meeting them. Also, the relative risk of having obesity in people with hypertension is 69 % higher than in people without hypertension (RRR = 1·69). In conclusion, obesity is highly prevalent in SMI and associated with chronic disease. The complex relationship between diet and risk of obesity was also highlighted. People with SMI and obesity could benefit from screening for non-communicable diseases, better nutritional education, and context-appropriate lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Mark Ashworth
- School of Lifecourse and Population Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Jan R. Boehnke
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Virtu Chongtham
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Olga P. Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Richard I. G. Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sukanya Rajan
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - David Shiers
- Psychosis Research Unit, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Najma Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, York, UK
- Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - S. Manjunatha
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Luo T, Elewonibi B, Williams D. A hospital-based therapeutic food pantry study for people living with cancer in New Orleans. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:712. [PMID: 37982868 PMCID: PMC10661716 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food pantries have the potential to improve health outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with cancer. Gender has been linked to certain cancer symptoms and dietary patterns. Nevertheless, the extent of research on the utilization of food pantries among this population, particularly with regard to gender differences, remains limited. The objective of this study is to explore the demographic characteristics and gender differences in quality of life, as well as the impact of cancer on the lives of individuals who utilize food pantry services. METHODS Between February 26, 2019 and July 24, 2022, 400 people living with cancer were eligible to participate the University Medical Center New Orleans (UMC) food pantry. Participants were asked to provide demographic information and completed two health assessments related to the challenges in daily activities, nutrition, and mental health. RESULTS The study participants had a mean age of 54.1, and the majority of the participants were female. More than half of the participants did not have access to a vehicle or use public transportation to access grocery stores. People living with cancer reported several quality of life issues, with the most prevalent challenges being interference of cancer with work, lack of energy, difficulty affording food, pain, and sleep problems. Additionally, less than half of the patients reported consuming fruits and vegetables on a daily basis, and males were found to be less likely to consume them compared to females. DISCUSSION The current study sheds light on the characteristics and quality of life of individuals who utilize UMC food pantry services, as well as the impact of cancer on their lives. The findings reveal a gender disparity in fruit and vegetable consumption, with male individuals living with cancer reporting lower levels of consumption. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE Identifying and addressing food insecurity among people living with cancer are necessary. Meanwhile, partnerships with community organizations may be valuable in finding ways to assist cancer survivors in returning to work. Future studies could also focus on encouraging fruit and vegetable consumption, particularly among male individuals living with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92122, USA.
| | - Bilikisu Elewonibi
- Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Donna Williams
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Filisa-Kaphamtengo F, Ngoma J, Mukhula V, Matemvu Z, Kapute D, Banda P, Phiri T, Mipando M, Hosseinipour MC, Katundu KGH. Prevalence, patterns and associated risk factors for dyslipidaemia among individuals attending the diabetes clinic at a tertiary hospital in Central Malawi. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:548. [PMID: 37946116 PMCID: PMC10636904 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia among individuals with diabetes is a significant modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). ASCVDs are a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally, especially in people with diabetes. In Malawi, limited data exist on the prevalence and biochemical characteristics of diabetic dyslipidaemia. This study investigated the prevalence and biochemical characteristics of dyslipidaemia in individuals attending the diabetes clinic at Kamuzu Central Hospital, the largest tertiary referral hospital in Central Malawi. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, sociodemographic, medical and anthropometric data were collected from 391 adult participants who were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were analysed for glycosylated haemoglobin (HBA1c) and fasting lipid profiles. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was calculated, and the biochemical characteristics of the dyslipidaemia were defined. The associations between dyslipidaemia and risk factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, obesity, and HBA1c levels were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Prevalence of dyslipidaemia was observed in 71% of the participants, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was the most frequent lipid abnormality among the study participants. None of the participants were receiving any lipid-lowering therapy. On bivariate analysis, dyslipidemia was positively associated with female sex [OR 1.65 (95% CI 1.05- 2.58); p = 0.09], age ≥ 30 years [OR 3.60 (95% CI 1.17-7.68); p = 0.001] and overweight and obesity [OR 2.11 (95% CI 1.33-3.34); p = 0.002]. On multivariate analysis, being overweight or obese was an independent predictor of dyslipidaemia [AOR 1.8;(95% CI 1.15- 3.37); p = 0.04]. CONCLUSION Dyslipidaemia was highly prevalent among individuals with diabetes in this study, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was the most frequent lipid abnormality. Overweight and obesity were also highly prevalent and positively predicted dyslipidaemia. This study highlights the importance of appropriately addressing dyslipidaemia, overweight and obesity among individuals with diabetes in Malawi and other similar settings in Africa as one of the significant ways of reducing the risk of ASCVDs among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Filisa-Kaphamtengo
- Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Victoria Mukhula
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Program, Blantyre, Malawi
- Blantyre to Blantyre Research Facility, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | - Peter Banda
- Department of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Tamara Phiri
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mwapatsa Mipando
- Blantyre to Blantyre Research Facility, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Kondwani G H Katundu
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Program, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Blantyre to Blantyre Research Facility, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.
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Baek HI, Ha KC, Park YK, Lee JH, Kim EJ, Ko HJ, Joo JC. Anti-obesity effect of Neoagaro-oligosaccharides with overweight and obese subjects: a 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:368. [PMID: 37858097 PMCID: PMC10585797 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This trial aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects and safety of Neoagaro-oligosaccharides (NAOs) in humans in a 16 week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS One hundred overweight or obese subjects with a body mass index of 23 to 34.9 kg/m2 and a percent body fat of > 25% for males or > 30% for females were enrolled. NAOs or placebo products were administered at 3 g (twice a day, four capsules once) each for 16 weeks. Efficacy and safety biomarkers were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS After 16 weeks of intervention, the group administered with NAOs had statistically significant decreases in visceral fat area and visceral-subcutaneous fat area ratio compared to the placebo group. The NAOs group suppressed the increase in weight and BMI compared to the placebo group, which was significant between groups. High-density lipoprotein- cholesterol was increased in the group administered with NAOs, which showed a significant trend compared to the placebo group. Clinical changes were not observed for any safety biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NAOs have a beneficial effect on obesity. Thus, NAOs could be used as an anti-obesity supplement without side effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION cris.nih.go.kr: (KCT0006640, 07/10/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Im Baek
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Woosuk University, Wanju, 55338, Republic of Korea
- Healthcare Claims & Management Inc, Jeonju, 54858, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chan Ha
- Healthcare Claims & Management Inc, Jeonju, 54858, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Park
- Healthcare Claims & Management Inc, Jeonju, 54858, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eun Joo Kim
- Dyne Bio Inc, Sungnam, 13209, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
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Saha A, Muhammad T, Mandal B, Adhikary M, Barman P. Socio-demographic and behavioral correlates of excess weight and its health consequences among older adults in India: Evidence from a cross-sectional study, 2017-18. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291920. [PMID: 37796783 PMCID: PMC10553247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid population aging is expected to become one of the major demographic transitions in the twenty-first century due to the continued decline in fertility and rise in life expectancy. Such a rise in the aged population is associated with increasing non-communicable diseases. India has suffered from obesity epidemic, with morbid obesity affecting 5% of the population and continuing an upward trend in other developing countries. This study estimates the prevalence of excess weight among older adults in India, and examines the socio-demographic and behavioral factors and its health consequences. METHODS The study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1 (2017-18). A total sample of 25,952 older adults (≥ 60 years) was selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, bivariate Chi-Square test, and logistic regression models were applied to accomplish the study objectives. Body mass index (BMI) has been computed for the study according to the classification of the World Health Organization, and "excess weight" refers to a score of BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. RESULTS Overall, 23% of older adults (≥ 60 years) were estimated with excess weight in India, which was higher among women irrespective of socioeconomic and health conditions. The higher levels of excess weight (than the national average of ≥22.7%) were observed among older adults in states like Haryana, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Manipur, Goa, Kerala, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Sikkim and some other states. After adjusting for selected covariates, the odds of excess weight were higher among females than males [OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.89, 2.60]. Similarly, the likelihood of excess weight was 2.18 times higher among older adults who were living in urban areas compared to their rural counterparts [OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.90, 2.49]. Higher level of education is significantly positively correlated with excess weight. Similarly, higher household wealth index was significantly positively correlated with excess weight [OR: 1.98, CI: 1.62, 2.41]. Having hypertension, diabetes and heart diseases were associated with excess weight among older adults. Regional variations were also observed in the prevalence of excess weight among older adults. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that introducing measures that help to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases, and campaigns to encourage physical activity, and community awareness may help reduce the high burden of excess weight and obesity among older Indians. The findings are important for identifying the at-risk sub-populations and for the better functioning of any public health programme and suitable intervention techniques to lower the prevalence and risk factors for excess weight in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Saha
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - T. Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Bittu Mandal
- Indian Institute of Technology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indore, India
| | - Mihir Adhikary
- Department of Public health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Papai Barman
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Xu R. The impact of technology on promoting physical activities and mental health: a gender-based study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:298. [PMID: 37775753 PMCID: PMC10542252 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a significant public health concern globally, associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases and detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. Technologically based interventions have emerged as a potential solution to promote physical activity engagement and improve mental health outcomes. However, understanding the effectiveness of these interventions and the role of gender in their outcomes is essential for developing tailored strategies. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the effectiveness of technologically based interventions in promoting physical activity and improving mental health outcomes, with a specific focus on gender differences. METHODOLOGY This study employed a three-phase mixed methods research design. Phase one was an experimental phase where 300 participants were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention group received a technologically based physical activity intervention, while the control group did not. Physical activity levels and mental health outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention. Phase two involved qualitative interviews with a subset of participants (n = 20) from the intervention group. These interviews explored motivations and barriers to physical activity, aiming to uncover personal factors influencing engagement. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes. Phase three utilized a quantitative survey to compare motivations and barriers between males and females. The survey, administered to a larger sample, included participants from both intervention and control groups. It assessed various factors and allowed for a quantitative comparison of gender differences. FINDINGS findings indicated that the intervention improved the mental health and physical activities level of the intervention groups. Findings also there are 8 motivations for and barriers to using technology in physical activities. Male and females' scores on some of the motivations and barriers were statistically significant. CONCLUSION technology plays an important role in improving the mental health and physical activities of adults. Findings can be used by health care centers, digital psychologists, and physical trainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongxue Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450044, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruilin Xu
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Gajurel BP, Gurung A, Ojha R, Rajbhandari R, Karn R. Dyslipidemia and Obesity in Ischemic Stroke. Cureus 2023; 15:e45409. [PMID: 37854735 PMCID: PMC10581369 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia and obesity are both important risk factors for the first and recurrent ischemic strokes. Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among Asian populations, and the prevalence of obesity is also noted to be progressively increasing in this population. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and central obesity and their association with each other and various cardiovascular risk factors among patients who presented with an acute ischemic stroke to a tertiary care university hospital in Nepal. Methods This study is a secondary analysis done on data from a prospective observational study that was carried out on patients who were either acutely admitted to or visited the outpatient department of the hospital with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. Obesity was defined as central obesity by measuring waist circumference. Data were collected by convenience sampling and analyzed by IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Significant variables were compared with logistic regression analysis. Other data were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results Out of 145 patients, 77 were male (53.1%). The mean age of the patients was 60.15 years. Dyslipidemia and central obesity were present in 96.6% and 57.9% of the patients, respectively. The most common lipid abnormality was low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, present in 82.8% of the patients, followed by high triglycerides, present in 21.4% of them. Dyslipidemia was not associated with any vascular risk factors. Central obesity was significantly associated with female gender, diabetes, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in univariate analysis. However, in multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was significantly associated with only female gender (p=0.003) and diabetes (p=0.012). Conclusion Dyslipidemia and central obesity are very common in patients with ischemic stroke. Dyslipidemia is not associated with any vascular risk factors. However, central obesity is significantly associated with the female gender and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram P Gajurel
- Neurology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL
| | - Anju Gurung
- Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL
| | - Rajeev Ojha
- Neurology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, NPL
| | - Reema Rajbhandari
- Neurology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL
| | - Ragesh Karn
- Neurology, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, NPL
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Tagini S, Scacchi M, Mauro A, Scarpina F. The perception of affective touch in women affected by obesity. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1171070. [PMID: 37701865 PMCID: PMC10493281 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1171070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pleasant and comforting bodily contacts characterized intimate and affective interactions. Affective touch informs us about others' emotions and intentions, sustains intimacy and closeness, protecting from loneliness and psychological distress. Previous evidence points to an altered experience of affective touch in clinical populations reporting interpersonal difficulties. However, there is no investigation of affective touch in obesity, which is often associated with negative affective-relational experiences since childhood. Methods This study aimed to provide the first evidence about the experience of affective touch in obesity by comparing 14 women with obesity with 14 women with healthy weight. Participants rated the pleasantness of both imagined and actual tactile stimuli, which consisted of (i) soft-brush strokes, (ii) touches of the experimenter's hand, and (iii) of a plastic stick (as control, non-affective, stimulation). Participants should report the pleasantness of each kind of touch. Moreover, we explored lifespan experiences of affective touch and interpersonal pleasure in social contexts through self-report questionnaires. Results No differences emerged for the pleasantness of affective touch (in both the real and imagery task) between the two groups. However, participants with obesity reported less frequent and less satisfying early experiences of affective touch when compared with the controls. Discussion Our results spoke in favor of a preserved experience of affective touch when experimentally probed in obesity, despite a limited early exposure to bodily affective contacts. We interpreted our results in the light of the social reconnection hypothesis. Nevertheless, we provided crucial methodological considerations for future research, considering that both the experimenter's and the brush touch may not resemble adequately real-life experiences, in which affective touch involves intimate people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tagini
- “Rita Levi Montalcini” Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., U.O. di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., U.O. Medicina Generale, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauro
- “Rita Levi Montalcini” Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., U.O. di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Federica Scarpina
- “Rita Levi Montalcini” Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., U.O. di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, Italy
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Yusuf FM, San Sebastián M, Vaezghasemi M. Explaining gender inequalities in overweight people: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis in northern Sweden. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:159. [PMID: 37608286 PMCID: PMC10464412 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being overweight and obesity are considered serious public health concerns worldwide. At the population level, factors contributing to overweight as well as the differences in overweight between men and women in terms of prevalence or associated factors are relatively well-known. What is less known is what explains the inequalities in overweight between men and women. In this study, we examined the contribution of material, behavioural, and psychosocial factors in explaining the gender differences in overweight among adults in northern Sweden. METHODS This study was based on the 2018 Swedish Health on Equal Terms survey, which was carried out in Sweden's four northernmost regions. The analytical sample consisted of 20,855 participants (47% men) aged 20-84 years. Overweight (including obesity) was the outcome, and the selected explanatory variables were grouped according to three theoretical perspectives: material, behavioural and psychosocial. Descriptive statistics and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition were applied for analysing the data. RESULTS Our study showed that the prevalence of overweight was 64% and 52% among men and women, respectively. It, therefore, revealed a gender gap in overweight people of 11.7% points with explanatory factors accounting for 39% of that gap. This gender gap in overweight people was mostly explained by behavioural variables (19.3%), followed by the materialistic variables and age accounting for 16.2% and 3.1%, respectively. Specifically, having low education, being in the lowest income quintile, alcohol drinking and snus usage contributed to explain 8.4%, 8.9%, 2.8% and 6.3% of the gender difference, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found a considerable gender inequality in overweight between men and women. The findings highlight that future overweight prevention initiatives would benefit from targeting the uncovered contributing factors to reduce gender inequalities in overweight people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Mohammed Yusuf
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, SE -901 87, Sweden.
| | - Miguel San Sebastián
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, SE -901 87, Sweden
| | - Masoud Vaezghasemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, SE -901 87, Sweden
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Filisa-Kaphamtengo F, Ngoma J, Mukhula V, Matemvu Z, Kapute D, Banda P, Phiri T, Mipando M, Hosseinipour MC, Katundu KGH. Prevalence, patterns and associated risk factors for dyslipidaemia among individuals attending the diabetes clinic at a tertiary hospital in Central Malawi. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3262287. [PMID: 37674703 PMCID: PMC10479448 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3262287/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Dyslipidaemia among individuals with diabetes is a significant modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). ASCVDs are a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally, especially in people with diabetes. In Malawi, limited data exist on the prevalence and biochemical characteristics of diabetic dyslipidaemia. This study investigated the prevalence and biochemical characteristics of dyslipidaemia in individuals attending the diabetes clinic at Kamuzu Central Hospital, the largest tertiary referral hospital in Central Malawi. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, sociodemographic, medical and anthropometric data were collected from 391 adult participants who were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were analysed for glycosylated haemoglobin (HBA1c) and fasting lipid profiles. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was calculated, and the biochemical characteristics of the dyslipidaemia were defined. The associations between dyslipidaemia and risk factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, obesity, and HBA1c levels were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results Prevalence of dyslipidaemia was observed in 71% of the participants, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was the most frequent lipid abnormality among the study participants. On bivariate analysis, dyslipidemia was positively associated with female sex [OR 1.65 (95% CI 1.05-2.58); p = 0.09], age ≥ 30 years [OR 3.60 (95% CI 1.17-7.68); p = 0.001] and overweight and obesity [OR 2.11 (95% CI 1.33-3.34); p = 0.002]. On multivariate analysis, being overweight or obese was an independent predictor of dyslipidaemia [AOR 1.8 ;( 95% CI 1.15-3.37); p = 0.04]. Conclusion Dyslipidaemia was highly prevalent among individuals with diabetes in this study, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was the most frequent lipid abnormality. Overweight and obesity were also highly prevalent and positively predicted dyslipidaemia. This study highlights the importance of appropriately addressing dyslipidaemia, overweight and obesity among individuals with diabetes in Malawi and other similar settings in Africa as one of the significant ways of reducing the risk of ASCVDs among this population.
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Silva I, Damasceno A, Fontes F, Araújo N, Prista A, Jessen N, Padrão P, Silva-Matos C, Lunet N. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Young Adults (18-25 Years) in Mozambique. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:298. [PMID: 37504554 PMCID: PMC10380744 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The life course development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and the undergoing epidemiological transition in Mozambique highlight the importance of monitoring the cardiovascular risk profile in young adults. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of CVD risk factors in a population aged 18-25 years living in Mozambique. A total of 776 young adults from a nationally representative sample were evaluated in 2014/2015 following the World Health Organization's STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance. Current smoking was the most prevalent among rural men (10.8%, 95%CI: 6.3-17.8), and drinking was most prevalent among urban men (38.6%, 95%CI: 29.3-48.8). The proportion of young adults not engaging in at least 75 min of vigorous physical activity per week ranged between 14.5% in rural men and 61.6% in urban women. The prevalence of being overweight/obese and hypertension were highest among urban women (21.6%, 95%CI: 14.7-30.6) and urban men (25.2%, 95%CI: 15.9-37.6), respectively. Education >8 years (vs. none) was independently associated with lower odds of being a current smoker, and increased monthly household income was associated with increased odds of low levels of physical activity. This study shows that important CVD risk factors are already common in the young adult population of Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Silva
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 1100, Mozambique
| | - Filipa Fontes
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Enfermagem Oncológica, Centro de Investigação do Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália Araújo
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Prista
- Faculdade de Ciências de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Pedagógica de Maputo, Maputo 1100, Mozambique
| | - Neusa Jessen
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 1100, Mozambique
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva-Matos
- Unidade de Gestão do Fundo Global-Direção de Planificação e Cooperação, Ministério da Saúde de Moçambique, Maputo 1100, Mozambique
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Wirnitzer KC, Motevalli M, Tanous DR, Wirnitzer G, Wagner KH, Schätzer M, Drenowatz C, Cocca A, Ruedl G, Kirschner W. A glimpse of academic staff health behavior on diet type and physical activity at Austrian universities: first findings from the "Sustainably Healthy - From Science 2 Highschool & University" study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1194602. [PMID: 37483946 PMCID: PMC10359429 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between lifestyle and health status highlights the importance of assessing health-related behavior in different populations. This multidisciplinary study aimed to examine the health behavior of academic staff of Austrian colleges and universities, with a specific focus on diet types (vegan, vegetarian, omnivorous) and physical activity (PA) reports. Methods Following a cross-sectional study design incorporating an online survey, a sample of 1,041 academics from 52 institutes (mean age: 46.4 years) provided data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, PA behavior, and other lifestyle behaviors (smoking, alcohol intake, etc.). Results The prevalence of vegetarian and vegan diets was 13.2 and 2.0%, respectively, and 33.2% of participants had excess body weight (BMI ≥ 25). The majority of participants (88.5%) reported regularly engaging in leisure-time PA, but 18.6% were active members of sports clubs. No difference between females and males was observed in diet type and the type of sport participation (p > 0.05). Participants with a mixed diet had a higher BMI than vegetarians and vegans (p < 0.05). Leisure-time PA participation was associated with more frequent fruit and vegetable intake (p < 0.05). The prevalence of smoking and alcohol intake was 13.1 and 73.5%, respectively, without any difference between dietary or sports participation subgroups (p > 0.05). Conclusion The present study provides an overview of the social trends in vegan and vegetarian diets linked to health behaviors in tertiary educational settings. Findings can be used by health scientists, decision-makers, and multipliers in health and education to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina C. Wirnitzer
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohamad Motevalli
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Derrick R. Tanous
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Schätzer
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition – SIPCAN, Elsbethen, Austria
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Teacher Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Armando Cocca
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Kirschner
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Hemingway S, Lui S, White J. Considering skin-to-muscle depth for successful intramuscular injections in an increasingly obese population. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2023; 32:628-635. [PMID: 37410678 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2023.32.13.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramuscular (IM) injection practice is an essential nursing skill. Current practice relies on clinical judgement to determine needle length (unless specified in the medicine's product licence). Obesity is increasing in the global population, but guidelines have largely ignored how to select needle length to meet individual patient need. AIM The aim of this review was to systematically review the skin-to-muscle depth required to achieve injection into muscle in adults. The objectives were to identify any implications of obesity status when selecting an appropriate needle length and site in clinical practice. Search and review methodology: Studies of subjects above the age of 18 years using observational or experimental designs where the distance from the skin to muscle had been measured at any IM injection site, and obesity status was reported, were included in the search strategy. The primary outcome of interest was the distance from skin surface to muscle penetration. FINDINGS 14 studies were identified that investigated the dorsogluteal, ventrogluteal, deltoid and vastus lateralis sites, all used cross-sectional observational designs. Ten used ultrasound, three used computed tomography (CT) and one used magnetic resonance imaging. Obesity status was reported as BMI or hip-to-waist ratio. In all studies there was a correlation between obesity status and the distance from skin surface to muscle. In females this exceeded 37 mm at both gluteal sites, independent of obesity status. CONCLUSIONS There should be an assessment of obesity status before selecting needle length for IM injections in both genders. Needles longer than the standard 37 mm are recommended for all females, whatever their obesity status, for any gluteal site. Injections into gluteal sites should be avoided in females who are obese. Deltoid injections are more likely to achieve muscle penetration in both genders, and in patients who are overweight or obese. Further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Lui
- Senior Lecturer, University of Huddersfield
| | - Jacqueline White
- Professor of Nursing and Head of School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull
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Chaudhary M, Sharma P. Abdominal obesity in India: analysis of the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2021) data. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 14:100208. [PMID: 37492420 PMCID: PMC10363491 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Background The ever-growing trend of abdominal obesity worldwide has garnered global attention over the past three decades. In India, BMI has conventionally been used to measure obesity. National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is the largest demographic and health survey (DHS) in India. For the first time, the NFHS conducted the fifth round in 2019-21 which assessed abdominal obesity through waist circumference. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and explore the associated socioeconomic factors. Methods The prevalence of abdominal obesity in India was determined using the NFHS-5 dataset, where waist circumference was used as a measure. Multivariable binary logistic regression was then employed to examine the association of different socioeconomic factors with abdominal obesity. Findings The prevalence of abdominal obesity in the country was found to be 40% in women and 12% in men. The findings show that 5-6 out of 10 women between the ages of 30-49 are abdominally obese. The association of abdominal obesity in women is stronger with older age groups, urban residents, wealthier sections, and non-vegetarians. For those practising the Sikh religion, the prevalence is higher in both men and women. Abdominal obesity is also on the rise in rural areas and is penetrating lower and middle socioeconomic sections of society. Interpretation The findings of the current study highlight the need for the government and other stakeholders to proactively design targeted interventions for abdominal obesity, especially for women in their thirties and forties in India. Further research is recommended to understand the driving factors of abdominal obesity, their inter-operability, and the disease risk associated with this type of obesity. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chaudhary
- IIHMR University, Jaipur, India
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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Rosario SR, Dong B, Zhang Y, Hsiao HH, Isenhart E, Wang J, Siegel EM, Monjazeb AM, Owen DH, Dey P, Tabung FK, Spakowicz DJ, Murphy WJ, Edge S, Yendamuri S, Ibrahimi S, Kolesar JM, McDonald PH, Vadehra D, Churchman M, Liu S, Kalinski P, Mukherjee S. Metabolic Dysregulation Explains the Diverse Impacts of Obesity in Males and Females with Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10847. [PMID: 37446025 PMCID: PMC10342094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, defined as the body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has reached epidemic levels. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of various cancers, including gastrointestinal ones. Recent evidence has suggested that obesity disproportionately impacts males and females with cancer, resulting in varied transcriptional and metabolic dysregulation. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in the metabolic milieu of adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract both related and unrelated to sex in obesity. To demonstrate these obesity and sex-related effects, we utilized three primary data sources: serum metabolomics from obese and non-obese patients assessed via the Biocrates MxP Quant 500 mass spectrometry-based kit, the ORIEN tumor RNA-sequencing data for all adenocarcinoma cases to assess the impacts of obesity, and publicly available TCGA transcriptional analysis to assess GI cancers and sex-related differences in GI cancers specifically. We applied and integrated our unique transcriptional metabolic pipeline in combination with our metabolomics data to reveal how obesity and sex can dictate differential metabolism in patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) analysis of ORIEN obese adenocarcinoma as compared to normal-weight adenocarcinoma patients resulted in large-scale transcriptional reprogramming (4029 DEGs, adj. p < 0.05 and |logFC| > 0.58). Gene Set Enrichment and metabolic pipeline analysis showed genes enriched for pathways relating to immunity (inflammation, and CD40 signaling, among others) and metabolism. Specifically, we found alterations to steroid metabolism and tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism in obese patients, both of which are highly associated with disease severity and immune cell dysfunction. These findings were further confirmed using the TCGA colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (ESCA) data, which showed similar patterns of increased tryptophan catabolism for kynurenine production in obese patients. These patients further showed disparate alterations between males and females when comparing obese to non-obese patient populations. Alterations to immune and metabolic pathways were validated in six patients (two obese and four normal weight) via CD8+/CD4+ peripheral blood mononuclear cell RNA-sequencing and paired serum metabolomics, which showed differential kynurenine and lipid metabolism, which corresponded with altered T-cell transcriptome in obese populations. Overall, obesity is associated with differential transcriptional and metabolic programs in various disease sites. Further, these alterations, such as kynurenine and tryptophan metabolism, which impact both metabolism and immune phenotype, vary with sex and obesity together. This study warrants further in-depth investigation into obesity and sex-related alterations in cancers that may better define biomarkers of response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R. Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Bowen Dong
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (B.D.); (P.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Hua-Hsin Hsiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Emily Isenhart
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Erin M. Siegel
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Arta M. Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Dwight H. Owen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.H.O.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (B.D.); (P.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Fred K. Tabung
- Department of Epidemiology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Daniel J. Spakowicz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.H.O.); (D.J.S.)
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Immunology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Stephen Edge
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Sami Ibrahimi
- Department of Medicine, Oklahoma University Health Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Jill M. Kolesar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Patsy H. McDonald
- Department of Cancer Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Deepak Vadehra
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Michelle Churchman
- Precision Therapy and Diagnostics, Aster Insights, Hudson, FL 34667, USA;
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.R.R.); (Y.Z.); (H.-H.H.); (E.I.); (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (B.D.); (P.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Sarbajit Mukherjee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (B.D.); (P.D.); (P.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
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Mazumder T, Rutherford S, Rahman SM, Talukder MR. Nutritional status of a young adult population in saline-prone coastal Bangladesh. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1095223. [PMID: 37325325 PMCID: PMC10267342 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1095223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Like many low- and middle-income countries, understanding the nutritional status of the young population in Bangladesh has had less attention. With projected climate change and associated sea level rise, the existing problem of salinity in coastal Bangladesh will significantly increase and further worsen agrobiodiversity. This research aimed to examine the nutritional status of a young population in climate-vulnerable coastal Bangladesh to inform appropriate intervention strategies to reduce the burden on health and economic outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014, and anthropometric measures were conducted for 309 young people aged 19-25 years in a rural saline-prone subdistrict in southwestern coastal Bangladesh. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from body height and weight, and data about socio-demographic factors were collected. To identify the socio-demographic risk factors affecting undernutrition (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2), multinomial logistic regression analysis was used. Results Overall, one-fourth of the study population was classified as underweight, and nearly one-fifth were overweight or obese. The proportion of underweight was significantly higher in women (32.5%) compared to that of men (15.2%). Overall, employment, especially in women, was associated with reduced odds of being underweight (adjusted odds ratio-aOR: 0.32; 95% confidence interval - CI: 0.11, 0.89). Subjects with secondary education incomplete (grades 6-9) compared to those with primary or below education (grades 0-5; aOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.59) and employed compared to those unemployed groups (aOR: 5.84; 95% CI: 2.67, 12.74) were more likely to be overweight or obese in this study population. These associations were more pronounced in women. Discussion Multisectoral program strategies are required to tackle the growing burden of malnutrition (both under and overweight) in this young age group tailored to local contexts including in climate-vulnerable coastal Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Mazumder
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Shannon Rutherford
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Syed Moshfiqur Rahman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Radwanur Talukder
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Diseases (WPCD) Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Human T-cell Leukaemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Donghia R, Schiano Di Cola R, Cesaro F, Vitale A, Lippolis G, Lisco T, Isernia R, De Pergola G, De Nucci S, Rinaldi R, Liso M, Giardiello C. Gender and Liver Steatosis Discriminate Different Physiological Patterns in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: Obesity Center Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102381. [PMID: 37242264 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. Bariatric surgery can reduce body weight, and it is one of the better ways to improve metabolic disease and lifestyle. The aim of this study was to explore a new cohort of patients with obesity and evaluate the gender differences and the steatosis status within the gender group. METHODS A cohort of 250 adult obese patients with BMI ≥ 30 and age >18 years, eligible for gastric bariatric surgery at Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno (Italy) was studied. RESULTS The prevalence in women was higher (72.40%) than men (27.60%). Overall, results indicated many statistically significant gender differences in hematological and clinical parameters. Analysis of the subcohorts based on the severity of steatosis revealed differences of this condition between the genders. Steatosis was more prevalent in the male subcohort, but female patients revealed greater within-group differences. CONCLUSIONS Many differences were found not only in the total cohort but also between the gender subcohorts, both in the presence and absence of steatosis. We can conclude that the pathophysiological, genetic, and hormonal patterns affecting these patients delineate different individual profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Vitale
- Pineta Grande Hospital, 81030 Castel Volturno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Teresa Lisco
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Roberta Isernia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Sara De Nucci
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Roberta Rinaldi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Cristiano Giardiello
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
- Pineta Grande Hospital, 81030 Castel Volturno, Italy
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Karimi M, Shiraseb F, Mofidi M, Khadem A, Ebrahimi S, Mirzaei K. The association between dietary diabetic risk reduction score with anthropometric and body composition variables in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8130. [PMID: 37208390 PMCID: PMC10199095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary diabetes risk reduction score (DDRRs) is inversely associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Given the importance of the association between body fat and insulin resistance and the effect of diet on these parameters, this study aimed to investigate the association between DDRRS and body composition parameters, including the visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). This study was conducted on 291 overweight and obese women aged 18-48 years old recruited from 20 Tehran Health Centers in 2018. The anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters, and body composition were measured. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate DDRRs. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between DDRRs and body composition indicators. The mean (SD) age of participants was 36.67 (9.10) years. After adjustment for potential confounders, VAI (β = 0.27, 95% CI = - 0.73, 1.27, Ptrend = 0.052), LAP (β = 8.14, 95% CI = - 10.54, 26.82, Ptrend = 0.069), TF (β = - 1.41, 95% CI = 11.45, 17.30, Ptrend = 0.027), trunk fat percent (TF%) (β = - 21.55, 95% CI = - 44.51, 1.61, Ptrend = 0.074), body fat mass (BFM) (β = - 3.26, 95% CI = - 6.08, - 0.44, Ptrend = 0.026), visceral fat area (VFA) (β = - 45.75, 95% CI = - 86.10, - 5.41, Ptrend = 0.026), waist-to-hip ratio (WHtR) (β = - 0.014, 95% CI = - 0.031, 0.004, Ptrend = 0.066), visceral fat level (VFL) (β = - 0.38, 95% CI = - 5.89, 5.12, Ptrend = 0.064), fat mass index (FMI) (β = - 1.15, 95% CI = - 2.28, - 0.02, Ptrend = 0.048) decreased significantly over tertiles of DDRRs, and also there was no significant association between SMM and DDRRs tertiles (β = - 0.57, 95% CI = - 1.69, 0.53, Ptrend = 0.322). The findings of this study demonstrated that participants with higher adherence to the DDRRs had lower VAI (β = 0.78 vs 0.27) and LAP (β = 20.73 vs 8.14). However, there was no significant association between DDRRs and VAI, LAP and SMM, which are mentioned as the primary outcomes. Future studies with larger sample of both genders are needed to investigate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mofidi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khadem
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ebrahimi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mattioli AV, Moscucci F, Sciomer S, Maffei S, Nasi M, Pinti M, Bucciarelli V, Dei Cas A, Parati G, Ciccone MM, Palmiero P, Maiello M, Pedrinelli R, Pizzi C, Barillà F, Gallina S. Cardiovascular prevention in women: an update by the Italian Society of Cardiology working group on 'Prevention, hypertension and peripheral disease'. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:e147-e155. [PMID: 37186565 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic has substantially changed the approach to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in women. Women have been significantly impacted by the changes that occurred during the pandemic and the quarantine adopted to prevent the spread of the disease. Changes involved prevention both through the reduction of visits and preventive screening and through social and economic changes. It is necessary to adopt new cardiovascular prevention approaches focused on returning to healthy lifestyles, reducing stress and depression also using modern tools such as telemedicine, mobile phone applications and the web. These tools convey messages in a persuasive way especially in young and adult women. There is less impact of these new tools on older women towards whom it is important to adopt a more traditional approach. This review focuses on the new approach to cardiovascular prevention in women in light of the lifestyle changes recorded during the pandemic and which led to an increase in obesity examines the effects on the cardiovascular system induced by stress and depression and analyses the new high blood pressure guidelines and indications that are specific to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena
| | - Federica Moscucci
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome
| | - Susanna Sciomer
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome
| | | | - Milena Nasi
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena
| | - Valentina Bucciarelli
- Department of Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona 'Umberto I, G. M. Lancisi, G. Salesi', Ancona
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Division of Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, University of Parma, Parma
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, S.Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan & Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University 'A. Moro' of Bari, Bari
| | | | - Maria Maiello
- ASL Brindisi, Cardiology Equipe, District of Brindisi, Brindsi
| | - Roberto Pedrinelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine-Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | - Carmine Pizzi
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna
| | | | - Sabina Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Pineda AMR, Amorim TMAXD, Villarreal VIH, Mendivil LLL, Oliveira JS, Cesse EÂP, Souza NPD, Lira PICD. [From production to impacts on health and the environment: an analysis of food systems in Brazil, Colombia and Panama]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:1101-1112. [PMID: 37042891 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023284.13382022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to describe the main components of the food systems of Brazil, Colombia and Panama. It involved a narrative review of the literature from 2000 to 2022, based on the concept of food systems proposed by the Committee on World Food Security. A system of agro-industrial production, monoculture, use of pesticides and exploitation of natural resources predominates in all three countries, and the area occupied by family farmers is reduced. Multinational supermarket chains dominate food distribution, essentially in large urban centers, despite the increasing search for alternative models. Advances have been made in food labeling regulation (Colombia and Brazil) and in the taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages (Panama). The predominant food systems in these countries generate a significant and negative environmental impact, favor the consumption of ultra-processed foods, high prevalence of obesity and chronic non-transmissible diseases and increase in hunger, violating the human right to adequate food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marcela Ruiz Pineda
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia. Carrera 75, No. 65-87, bloque 44, oficina 101. 50034 Medellin Colombia.
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Recife PE Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Souza Oliveira
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Vitória de Santo Antão PE Brasil
| | | | - Nathália Paula de Souza
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Vitória de Santo Antão PE Brasil
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Góes É, Cordeiro A, Bento C, Ramalho A. Vitamin A Deficiency and Its Association with Visceral Adiposity in Women. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030991. [PMID: 36979970 PMCID: PMC10046475 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Body adiposity is associated with increased metabolic risk, and evidence indicates that vitamin A is important in regulating body fat. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum concentrations of vitamin A and its association with body adiposity in women with the recommended intake of vitamin A. A cross-sectional study was designed with 200 women divided into four groups according to Body Mass Index (BMI): normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), class I obesity (OI), and class 2 obesity (OII). The cut-off points to assess inadequate participants were retinol < 1.05 µmol/L and β-carotene < 40 µg/dL. Body adiposity was assessed through different parameters and indexes, including waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW), lipid accumulation product (LAP), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), and Body Adiposity Index (BAI). It was observed that 55.5% of women had low serum concentrations of β-carotene (34.9 ± 13.8 µmol/L, p < 0.001) and 43.5% had low concentrations of retinol (0.71 ± 0.3 µmol/L, p < 0.001). Women classified as OI and OII had lower mean values of β-carotene (OI—35.9 ± 4.3 µg/dL: OII—32.0 ± 0.9 µg/dL [p < 0.001]). IAV showed significant negative correlation with retinol (r = −0.73, p < 0.001). Vitamin A deficiency is associated with excess body adiposity in women with the recommended intake of vitamin. Greater body adiposity, especially visceral, was correlated with reduced serum concentrations of vitamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Góes
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Micronutrient Research Center (NPqM) of the Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition (INJC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Adryana Cordeiro
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Micronutrient Research Center (NPqM) of the Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition (INJC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Bento
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition (INJC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Micronutrient Research Center (NPqM) of the Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition (INJC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Department of Applied Social Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
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García-Llorca A, Kararigas G. Sex-Related Effects of Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Diabetic Retinopathy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020447. [PMID: 36838411 PMCID: PMC9967826 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease of metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidaemia, and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss among working-aged adults around the world and is the most frequent complication in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. The gut microbiota are a complex ecosystem made up of more than 100 trillion of microbial cells and their composition and diversity have been identified as potential risk factors for the development of several metabolic disorders, including MetS, T2D, DR and CVD. Biomarkers are used to monitor or analyse biological processes, therapeutic responses, as well as for the early detection of pathogenic disorders. Here, we discuss molecular mechanisms underlying MetS, the effects of biological sex in MetS-related DR and gut microbiota, as well as the latest advances in biomarker research in the field. We conclude that sex may play an important role in gut microbiota influencing MetS-related DR.
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Mendelian randomization on the association of obesity with vitamin D: Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:195-201. [PMID: 36347947 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses from the West provide evidence that obesity causes lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. As Asian populations are prone to metabolic disorders at a lower body mass index (BMI), whether the association remains in Asian is unclear. We studied whether obesity causes vitamin D deficiency using MR analysis in Chinese. METHODS We used data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. A genetic score including seven BMI-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (n = 15,249) was used as the instrumental variable (IV) for BMI. Two-stage least square regression and conventional multivariable linear regression in 2,036 participants with vitamin D data were used to analyze association of BMI with vitamin D. RESULTS Proportion of variation explained by the genetic score was 0.7% and the first stage F-statistic for MR analysis was 103. MR analyses showed that each 1 kg/m2 higher BMI was associated with lower 25(OH)D by -2.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) -4.68 to -0.02) nmol/L. In conventional multivariable linear regression, higher BMI was also associated with lower 25(OH)D (β = -0.26 nmol/L per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.06). Sensitivity analyses using two-sample IV analysis and leave-one-out method showed similar results. CONCLUSION We have first shown by MR and conventional multivariable linear regression that higher BMI causes vitamin D deficiency in Chinese. Our findings highlight the importance of weight control and suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be needed in individuals with overweight or obesity.
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50
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Baldursdottir K, McNamee P, Norton EC, Asgeirsdottir TL. Life satisfaction and body mass index: estimating the monetary value of achieving optimal body weight. REVIEW OF ECONOMICS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 2023; 21:1-32. [PMID: 36714267 PMCID: PMC9873398 DOI: 10.1007/s11150-022-09644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, obesity is one of the greatest public-health challenges of the 21st century. Body weight is also known to affect individuals' self-esteem and interpersonal relationships, including romantic ones. We estimate the "utility-maximizing" Body Mass Index (BMI) and calculate the implied monetary value of changes in both individual and spousal BMI, using the compensating income variation method and data from the Swiss Household Panel. We employ the Oster's method (Oster, 2019) to estimate the degree of omitted variable bias in the effect of BMI on life satisfaction. Results suggest that the optimal own BMI is 27.1 and 20.1 for men and women, respectively. The annual value of reaching optimal weight ranges from $7069 for women with underweight to $88,709 for women with obesity and between $95,165 for men with underweight to $32,644 for men with obesity. On average, women value reduction in their own BMI about four times higher than reduction in their spouse's BMI. Men, on the other hand, value a reduction in their spouse's BMI almost twice as much compared to a reduction in their own BMI. This highlights important gender differences and relative effects based on spousal BMI.
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