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Tan X, Li R, Ma H, Yuchi Y, Liao W, Hou X, Zhao Z. Physical activity diminished adverse associations of obesity with lipid metabolism in the population of rural regions of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2167-2179. [PMID: 37086064 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2203907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The interactive effects of obesity and physical inactivity on lipid metabolism and prevalent dyslipidemia are scarcely reported in rural regions. 39029 subjects were obtained from the Henan Rural Cohort, and their metabolic equivalents (METs) of physical activity (PA) were computed. Independent associations of the obesity indices and PA with either lipid indices or prevalent dyslipidemia were analyzed by generalized linear models, and additive effects of obesity and PA on prevalent dyslipidemia were further quantified. Each obesity index was positively associated with total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein or prevalent dyslipidemia but negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein, whereas the opposite association of PA with either each lipid index or prevalent dyslipidemia was observed. Joint association of PA and each obesity index with each lipid index and prevalent dyslipidemia was observed. Furthermore, the association of each obesity index in association with each lipid index was attenuated by increased PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Tan
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ruiying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - He Ma
- Health Service and Management Undergraduate, Shangzhen College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yinghao Yuchi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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King KP, Humiston T, Gowey MA, Murdaugh DL, Dutton GR, Lansing AH. A biobehavioural and social-structural model of inflammation and executive function in pediatric chronic health conditions. Health Psychol Rev 2024; 18:24-40. [PMID: 36581801 PMCID: PMC10307927 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2162430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that pediatric chronic health conditions (CHCs) often impair executive functioning (EF) and impaired EF undermines pediatric CHC management. This bidirectional relationship likely occurs due to biobehavioural and social-structural factors that serve to maintain this feedback loop. Specifically, biobehavioural research suggests that inflammation may sustain a feedback loop that links together increased CHC severity, challenges with EF, and lower engagement in health promoting behaviours. Experiencing social and environmental inequity also maintains pressure on this feedback loop as experiencing inequities is associated with greater inflammation, increased CHC severity, as well as challenges with EF and engagement in health promoting behaviours. Amidst this growing body of research, a model of biobehavioural and social-structural factors that centres inflammation and EF is warranted to better identify individual and structural targets to ameliorate the effects of CHCs on children, families, and society at large. This paper proposes this model, reviews relevant literature, and delineates actionable research and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tori Humiston
- University of Vermont, Department of Psychological Sciences
| | - Marissa A. Gowey
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Donna L. Murdaugh
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Gareth R. Dutton
- University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine
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Silva FM, Duarte-Mendes P, Teixeira AM, Soares CM, Ferreira JP. The effects of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers in sedentary adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1936. [PMID: 38253590 PMCID: PMC10803738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of the effect of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism markers, adipokines, and inflammatory cytokines in non-diabetic sedentary adults. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library electronic databases and reference lists of included studies were explored for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included physically inactive adults and provided combined training interventions (aerobic plus resistance exercise). Effects on fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in exercise vs control groups were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials 2.0 (RoB 2) was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 24 RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. Combined exercise training significantly decrease fasting glucose (standardized mean difference, SMD: - 0.474, 95% CI [- 0.829, - 0.120], p = 0.009, 35 study arms), fasting insulin (SMD: - 1.024, 95% CI [- 1.502, - 0.545], p < 0.001, 27 study arms), HOMA-IR (SMD: - 0.946, 95% CI [- 1.450, - 0.442], p < 0.001, 23 study arms), TNF-α (SMD: - 0.972, 95% CI [- 1.361, - 0.582], p < 0.001, 10 study arms), and CRP (SMD: - 0.507, 95% CI [- 0.818, - 0.196], p = 0.001, 14 study arms). No significant effects were observed for HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 levels. Random effects meta-regression models by age, sex, and intervention length were not able to explain any of the variation in the effect size of HOMA-IR. Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that combined exercise training improves some glucose metabolism markers and inflammatory parameters in sedentary adults without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Department of Sports and Well-Being, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport Physical activity and health Research & INnovation CenTer, SPRINT, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Ana M Teixeira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Soares
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José P Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, FCDEF, Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, Uid/Dtp/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Minasian V, Nazari M. The association between type 1 diabetes and exercise/physical activity and prolongation of the honeymoon phase in patients. Life Sci 2023; 332:122114. [PMID: 37739162 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes (T1D), pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by the immune system, causing chronic hyperglycemia and micro and macrovascular complications. However, some people experience a 'honeymoon' phase (or partial remission) after being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. During this phase, a substantial amount of insulin is still produced by the pancreas, helping to reduce blood sugar levels and the requirement for external insulin. The clinical significance of this phase lies in the potential for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions during this time frame to either slow down or arrest beta-cell destruction. Clearly, we need to continue researching novel therapies like immunomodulatory agents, but we also need to look at potentially effective therapies with acceptable side effects that can serve as a complement to the medicines currently being studied. Physical activity and exercise, regardless of its type, is one of the factors its impact on the control of diabetes is being investigated and promising results have been achieved. Although there are still limited reports in this regard, there is some evidence to suggest that regular physical exercise could prolong the honeymoon period in both adults and children. In this review, having described the immune base of type 1 diabetes, we outline the benefits of exercise on the general health of individuals with T1D. Moreover, we centered on the honeymoon and current evidence suggesting the effects of physical activity and exercise on this phase duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vazgen Minasian
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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Segura-Jiménez V, Pedišić Ž, Gába A, Dumuid D, Olds T, Štefelová N, Hron K, Gómez-Martínez S, Marcos A, Castro-Piñero J. Longitudinal reallocations of time between 24-h movement behaviours and their associations with inflammation in children and adolescents: the UP&DOWN study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:72. [PMID: 37322451 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is evidence that physical activity, sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep may all be associated with modified levels of inflammatory markers in adolescents and children, associations with one movement behaviour have not always been adjusted for other movement behaviours, and few studies have considered all movement behaviours in the 24-hour day as an exposure. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to explore how longitudinal reallocations of time between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), SB and sleep are associated with changes in inflammatory markers in children and adolescents. METHODS A total of 296 children/adolescents participated in a prospective cohort study with a 3-year follow-up. MVPA, LPA and SB were assessed by accelerometers. Sleep duration was assessed using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire. Longitudinal compositional regression models were used to explore how reallocations of time between movement behaviours are associated with changes in inflammatory markers. RESULTS Reallocations of time from SB to sleep were associated with increases in C3 levels (difference for 60 min/d reallocation [d60] = 5.29 mg/dl; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.28, 10.29) and TNF-α (d60 = 1.81 mg/dl; 95% CI = 0.79, 15.41) levels. Reallocations from LPA to sleep were also associated with increases in C3 levels (d60 = 8.10 mg/dl; 95% CI = 0.79, 15.41). Reallocations from LPA to any of the remaining time-use components were associated with increases in C4 levels (d60 ranging from 2.54 to 3.63 mg/dl; p < 0.05), while any reallocation of time away from MVPA was associated with unfavourable changes in leptin (d60 ranging from 3088.44 to 3448.07 pg/ml; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Reallocations of time between 24-h movement behaviours are prospectively associated with some inflammatory markers. Reallocating time away from LPA appears to be most consistently unfavourably associated with inflammatory markers. Given that higher levels of inflammation during childhood and adolescence are associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases in adulthood, children and adolescents should be encouraged to maintain or increase the level of LPA to preserve a healthy immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Segura-Jiménez
- UGC Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital de Neurotraumatología y Rehabilitación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Avda. de Madrid, 15, Granada, 18012, Spain.
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui, 12, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11519, Spain.
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Željko Pedišić
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aleš Gába
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nikola Štefelová
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Hron
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martínez
- Immunonutrition Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui, 12, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11519, Spain.
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain.
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Ercan Z, Deniz G, Yentur SB, Arikan FB, Karatas A, Alkan G, Koca SS. Effects of acute aerobic exercise on cytokines, klotho, irisin, and vascular endothelial growth factor responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:491-497. [PMID: 35296975 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that causes cartilage and bone damage as well as disability. AIMS : The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute aerobic exercise on cytokines such as serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and irisin, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and klotho in RA patients. METHODS: Forty RA patient and 40 healthy volunteers of the same age participated in this study. All participants walked on the treadmill for 30 minutes at 60-80% of maximal heart rate. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the exercise. Serum levels of IL-6, IL1β, TNF-α and irisin, VEGF and klotho were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis. RESULTS: Baseline levels of inflammatory cytokines, irisin, VEGF and klotho were found to be higher in RA patients compared to the control group. In both groups, there was an increase in serum klotho levels after exercise compared to baseline (p<0.05), while a decrease in IL1β, TNF-α levels were observed. While serum VEGF level decreased in RA group, it increased in the control group(p<0.05). Irisin levels decreased in both groups. IL-6 level did not change in the control group, while it increased in RA group. A single exercise session had an acute anti-inflammatory effect in RA patients. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that acute aerobic exercise can be beneficial for patients with RA through cytokine, irisin, klotho and VEGF levels, and also it can be safely implemented to the RA rehabilitation program for additional anti-inflammatory effects. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04439682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubeyde Ercan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Gulnihal Deniz
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Songül Baglan Yentur
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Funda Bulut Arikan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karatas
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Alkan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Serdar Koca
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Bigelow H, Fenesi B. Pre-Service Teachers' Perceptions of and Experiences with Classroom Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1049. [PMID: 36673808 PMCID: PMC9858912 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is one of the most modifiable factors linked to childhood obesity. Several Canadian provinces adopted daily physical activity (DPA) policies to promote physical activity during the school day. In Ontario, only 23% of in-service teachers meet DPA mandates. Promoting DPA implementation must occur at the pre-service level to foster self-efficacy and create long-term teaching habits. This study surveyed 155 pre-service teachers from an Ontario university to determine key perceptions and practices that should be targeted during their educational training to improve DPA fidelity. Findings revealed that over 96% of pre-service teachers viewed physical activity as beneficial for their own and their students mental and physical health, and as much as 33% received no education or training related to DPA. Pre-service teachers valued DPA more if they had opportunities to learn about and observe DPA during school placements. Pre-service teachers were more confident implementing DPA if they were more physically active, viewed themselves as more athletic, and had more positive physical education experiences. This work brings to the forefront important factors that could contribute to DPA implementation among in-service teachers and highlights target areas at the pre-service level for improved fidelity.
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Ortega MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Alvarez-Mon MA, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Quintero J, Álvarez-Mon M. Immune-Mediated Diseases from the Point of View of Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070973. [PMID: 36101354 PMCID: PMC9312038 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are growing in prevalence and relevance in our society, entailing notable consequences for the individual and healthcare systems. These medical conditions are associated with a systemic inflammatory milieu and an aberrant functioning of the immune system, establishing a bidirectional interplay with other organs and systems of the body. Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE) is an area of great interest relating the immune system with the individual’s psyche, nervous, and endocrine system. As compelling evidence supports the pivotal role of PNIE in the understanding and clinical management of IMIDs, the aim of the present review is to deepen the current basic and clinical knowledge in this field. Abstract Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) represent a large group of diseases (Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis) evidenced by systemic inflammation and multiorgan involvement. IMIDs result in a reduced quality of life and an economic burden for individuals, health care systems, and countries. In this brief descriptive review, we will focus on some of the common biological pathways of these diseases from the point of view of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE). PNIE consists of four medical disciplines (psychology, nervous system, immune system, and endocrine system), which are key drivers behind the health–disease concept that a human being functions as a unit. We examine these drivers and emphasize the need for integrative treatments that addresses the disease from a psychosomatic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Maria Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias (CIBERSAM), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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A prospective cohort study of physical activity in relation to lung cancer incidence among Black women. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102146. [PMID: 35325667 PMCID: PMC9133140 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black women have higher lung cancer incidence and mortality rates despite a lower smoking prevalence than White women. Physical activity may reduce lung cancer risk through several pathways, including the immune and inflammatory systems, as well as those with effects on sex hormones and metabolism. METHODS We examined vigorous physical activity, walking for exercise, sitting watching television, and metabolic equivalents (METs) in relation to lung cancer risk among 38,432 participants in a prospective cohort of Black women. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for covariates to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS In 1995-2017, 475 incident lung cancer cases accrued. Participants who engaged in ≥ 1 h/week of vigorous physical activity or expended the highest tertile of METs experienced a decreased risk of lung cancer (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.65-1.10; 0.89, 0.68-1.18; respectively). An increased risk was observed for sitting watching television (≥1 h/week: 1.27, 0.72-2.21). In stratified models, an inverse association between walking for exercise and lung cancer risk was only present among former smokers (≥1 h/week: 0.71, 0.52-0.98), while inverse associations between vigorous physical activity (≥1 h/week: 0.45, 0.28-0.73) and METs (tertile 3: 0.54, 0.34-0.85) and lung cancer risk were present among smokers with ≥ 20 pack-years. CONCLUSION Physical activity may play a role in reducing lung cancer risk among Black women, particularly among smokers. Future studies should explore biologic mechanisms whereby physical activity may influence carcinogenesis and investigate the role of exercise interventions in reducing lung cancer risk among smokers.
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Changes in Histological Structure, Interleukin 12, Smooth Muscle Actin and Nitric Oxide Synthase 1. and 3. Expression in the Liver of Running and Non-Running Wistar Rats Supplemented with Bee Pollen or Whey Protein. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081131. [PMID: 35454718 PMCID: PMC9026446 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bee pollen is a natural substance obtained from flowers by bees. It is a rich source of protein, vitamins and minerals. It can be used as a dietary supplement. Bee pollen has been investigated for the treatment of some diseases with promising potential. It can be helpful in supportive therapy for dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes type 2, as well the prevention and control of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. Whey protein is a rich source of amino acids. It is a basic dietary supplement for many athletes, both professional and amateur. It stimulates muscle growth and provides nutrition for cachectic patients. Aim of the study: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of dietary supplementation of bee pollen or whey protein on the Wistar rat liver histological structure and expression of interleukin 12, smooth muscle actin and nitric oxide synthases among running and non-running rats. Material and methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups, three running and three non-running. Among both there was one control, one supplemented with bee pollen and one receiving whey proteins. After 8 weeks, all animals were decapitated and their livers were collected. Five micrometer thick slides were prepared and used for classical histological staining and immuno-histochemistry. ImageJ image analysis software was used to measure optical density and immunohistochemistry profile coverage. Results: Among all groups, morphology of liver was similar. In the running control group, expression of interleukin-12 (IL-12) was decreased as well as expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in a group of bee pollen supplemented rats. No significant changes in α- smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was observed. Conclusions: Bee pollen is proving to be a questionable choice for athletes as an alternative to whey protein. Bee pollen supplementation affects hepatocyte cellular activity and has hepatoprotective effects. Whey protein performs worse in this regard. Lower antioxidant properties were found in groups supplemented with bee pollen than with whey protein.
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11
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Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Soudi S, Hashemi SM. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles Application in Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Liver Diseases: Emphasizing on the Anti-Fibrotic and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865888. [PMID: 35464407 PMCID: PMC9021384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various factors, including viral and bacterial infections, autoimmune responses, diabetes, drugs, alcohol abuse, and fat deposition, can damage liver tissue and impair its function. These factors affect the liver tissue and lead to acute and chronic liver damage, and if left untreated, can eventually lead to cirrhosis, fibrosis, and liver carcinoma. The main treatment for these disorders is liver transplantation. Still, given the few tissue donors, problems with tissue rejection, immunosuppression caused by medications taken while receiving tissue, and the high cost of transplantation, liver transplantation have been limited. Therefore, finding alternative treatments that do not have the mentioned problems is significant. Cell therapy is one of the treatments that has received a lot of attention today. Hepatocytes and mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are used in many patients to treat liver-related diseases. In the meantime, the use of mesenchymal stem cells has been studied more than other cells due to their favourable characteristics and has reduced the need for liver transplantation. These cells increase the regeneration and repair of liver tissue through various mechanisms, including migration to the site of liver injury, differentiation into liver cells, production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), secretion of various growth factors, and regulation of the immune system. Notably, cell therapy is not entirely excellent and has problems such as cell rejection, undesirable differentiation, accumulation in unwanted locations, and potential tumorigenesis. Therefore, the application of MSCs derived EVs, including exosomes, can help treat liver disease and prevent its progression. Exosomes can prevent apoptosis and induce proliferation by transferring different cargos to the target cell. In addition, these vesicles have been shown to transport hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and can promote the hepatocytes'(one of the most important cells in the liver parenchyma) growths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Barbu E, Popescu MR, Popescu AC, Balanescu SM. Inflammation as A Precursor of Atherothrombosis, Diabetes and Early Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:963. [PMID: 35055149 PMCID: PMC8778078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease was for a long time considered a disease of the old age, but it is becoming increasingly clear that a cumulus of factors can cause early vascular aging (EVA). Inflammation plays a key role in vascular stiffening and also in other pathologies that induce vascular damage. There is a known and confirmed connection between inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, it has taken a long time to prove the beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on cardiovascular events. Diabetes can be both a product of inflammation and a cofactor implicated in the progression of vascular disease. When diabetes and inflammation are accompanied by obesity, this ominous trifecta leads to an increased incidence of atherothrombotic events. Research into earlier stages of vascular disease, and documentation of vulnerability to premature vascular disease, might be the key to success in preventing clinical events. Modulation of inflammation, combined with strict control of classical cardiovascular risk factors, seems to be the winning recipe. Identification of population subsets with a successful vascular aging (supernormal vascular aging-SUPERNOVA) pattern could also bring forth novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihaela-Roxana Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (E.B.); (S.-M.B.)
| | - Andreea-Catarina Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (E.B.); (S.-M.B.)
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13
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Docherty S, Harley R, McAuley JJ, Crowe LAN, Pedret C, Kirwan PD, Siebert S, Millar NL. The effect of exercise on cytokines: implications for musculoskeletal health: a narrative review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:5. [PMID: 34991697 PMCID: PMC8740100 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The physiological effects of physical exercise are ubiquitously reported as beneficial to the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Exercise is widely promoted by medical professionals to aid both physical and emotional wellbeing; however, mechanisms through which this is achieved are less well understood. Despite numerous beneficial attributes, certain types of exercise can inflict significant significant physiological stress. Several studies document a key relationship between exercise and immune activation. Activation of the innate immune system occurs in response to exercise and it is proposed this is largely mediated by cytokine signalling. Cytokines are typically classified according to their inflammatory properties and evidence has shown that cytokines expressed in response to exercise are diverse and may act to propagate, modulate or mitigate inflammation in musculoskeletal health. The review summarizes the existing literature on the relationship between exercise and the immune system with emphasis on how exercise-induced cytokine expression modulates inflammation and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Docherty
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Rachael Harley
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Joseph J McAuley
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Lindsay A N Crowe
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Carles Pedret
- Sports Medicine and Imaging Department, Clinica Diagonal, C/Sant Mateu 24-26, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Paul D Kirwan
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Physiotherapy Department, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Neal L Millar
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK.
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14
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Ramsey KA, Meskers CGM, Maier AB. Every step counts: synthesising reviews associating objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour with clinical outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2021; 2:e764-e772. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Dehghani Firouzabadi F, Jayedi A, Asgari E, Akbarzadeh Z, Janbozorgi N, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. Association of Dietary and Lifestyle Inflammation Score With Metabolic Syndrome in a Sample of Iranian Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:735174. [PMID: 34676234 PMCID: PMC8523681 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.735174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between the dietary and lifestyle inflammation score (DLIS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a sample of Iranian adults. Design: Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting: General adult population living in Tehran, Iran. Subjects: We included 827 adult men and women with an age range of 18–59 years who were referred to health centers in different districts of Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168 items. The DLIS was calculated based on four components, including dietary inflammation score, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and general obesity. Higher DLIS represents a more proinflammatory diet and lifestyle. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the MetS across quartiles of the DLIS was calculated by using logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, energy intake, marital status, education status, and occupation. Results: A total of 827 participants (31% men) were included, with a mean age of 44.7 ± 10.7 years. The prevalence of the MetS was 30.5%. The DLIS ranged between −2.35 and +3.19 (mean ± SD: 0.54 ± 1.09). There was a significant positive association between the DLIS and odds of MetS (OR fourthvs.thefirstquartile: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01–2.45) in the fully adjusted model. Conclusion: Our results showed a significant positive association between the DLIS and odds of MetS. The results of the present crosssectional study suggested that having a more proinflammatory lifestyle can be associated with MetS. More prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Asgari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbarzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Janbozorgi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Pathophysiology of Physical Inactivity-Dependent Insulin Resistance: A Theoretical Mechanistic Review Emphasizing Clinical Evidence. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7796727. [PMID: 34660812 PMCID: PMC8516544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7796727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle has a negative impact on health. It is usually accompanied by increased stress levels and lower physical activity, which interferes with body homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common metabolic disorder with increasing prevalence globally, associated with various risk factors, including lower physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. It has been shown that sedentary behavior increases the risk of insulin resistance, but the intermediate molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this mechanistic review, we explore the possible interactions between physical inactivity and insulin resistance to help better understand the pathophysiology of physical inactivity-dependent insulin resistance and finding novel interventions against these deleterious pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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López-Gil JF, Ramírez-Vélez R, Izquierdo M, García-Hermoso A. Handgrip Strength and Its Relationship with White Blood Cell Count in U.S. Adolescents. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090884. [PMID: 34571761 PMCID: PMC8472489 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of muscular fitness (as a protecting factor for an optimal immune system) and WBC count remains unclear. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the relationship between the total count of WBC and groups based on handgrip strength and body composition. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between handgrip strength and WBC count in a nationally representative sample of adolescents from the U.S. METHODS We used data from the NHANES cross-sectional study (waves 2011 to 2014). The final analysis included 917 adolescents from 12-17 years old (51.0% boys). Normalized handgrip strength (kg) (NHS) was relativized by body composition parameters (body weight [NHSw], total body fat [NHSf], and trunk fat [NHSt]) assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS An inverse association was found between total WBC count and all assessments of low NHS in both sexes (p < 0.05). Both boys and girls with low NHS had higher WBC counts in all estimations of NHS than those with high NHS (p < 0.05 for all). All estimations of low NHS showed significant differences with those with intermediate NHS (only in girls) (p < 0.05 for all). Girls with intermediate NHSt exhibited higher WBC count than those with high NHSt (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that greater levels of NHS are linked to lower total WBC counts. From a public health perspective, our findings are clinically significant and emphasize the relevance of improving muscular fitness during adolescence since it may contribute to boosting the immune system among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Departamento de Expresión Plástica, Musical y Dinámica, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Murcia (UM), 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Navarra, Spain; (R.R.-V.); (M.I.)
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Navarra, Spain; (R.R.-V.); (M.I.)
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Navarra, Spain; (R.R.-V.); (M.I.)
- El Deporte y la Salud, Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 71783-5, Chile
- Correspondence:
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18
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Jakobsson J, Cotgreave I, Furberg M, Arnberg N, Svensson M. Potential Physiological and Cellular Mechanisms of Exercise That Decrease the Risk of Severe Complications and Mortality Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:121. [PMID: 34564326 PMCID: PMC8472997 DOI: 10.3390/sports9090121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has unmasked mankind's vulnerability to biological threats. Although higher age is a major risk factor for disease severity in COVID-19, several predisposing risk factors for mortality are related to low cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Reaching physical activity (PA) guideline goals contribute to protect against numerous immune and inflammatory disorders, in addition to multi-morbidities and mortality. Elevated levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, being non-obese, and regular PA improves immunological function, mitigating sustained low-grade systemic inflammation and age-related deterioration of the immune system, or immunosenescence. Regular PA and being non-obese also improve the antibody response to vaccination. In this review, we highlight potential physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that are affected by regular PA, increase the host antiviral defense, and may determine the course and outcome of COVID-19. Not only are the immune system and regular PA in relation to COVID-19 discussed, but also the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and hormonal systems, as well as skeletal muscle, epigenetics, and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Jakobsson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Ian Cotgreave
- Division of Biomaterials and Health, Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Safety, Research Institutes of Sweden, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden;
| | - Maria Furberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Michael Svensson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
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19
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Dayaramani C, De Leon J, Reiss AB. Cardiovascular Disease Complicating COVID-19 in the Elderly. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:833. [PMID: 34441038 PMCID: PMC8399122 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA coronavirus, causes an illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The highly transmissible virus gains entry into human cells primarily by the binding of its spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, which is expressed not only in lung tissue but also in cardiac myocytes and the vascular endothelium. Cardiovascular complications are frequent in patients with COVID-19 and may be a result of viral-associated systemic and cardiac inflammation or may arise from a virus-induced hypercoagulable state. This prothrombotic state is marked by endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation in both macrovasculature and microvasculature. In patients with subclinical atherosclerosis, COVID-19 may incite atherosclerotic plaque disruption and coronary thrombosis. Hypertension and obesity are common comorbidities in COVID-19 patients that may significantly raise the risk of mortality. Sedentary behaviors, poor diet, and increased use of tobacco and alcohol, associated with prolonged stay-at-home restrictions, may promote thrombosis, while depressed mood due to social isolation can exacerbate poor self-care. Telehealth interventions via smartphone applications and other technologies that document nutrition and offer exercise programs and social connections can be used to mitigate some of the potential damage to heart health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (C.D.); (J.D.L.)
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20
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Torres R, Silva JA, Vieira SS, Camilo de Carvalho PDT, Bocalini DS, Andrade E, Casarin C, Suzuki F, Antonio EL, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. Cardiovascular risk and quality of life in supermarket cashiers: The role of physical activity. Work 2021; 67:459-465. [PMID: 33074209 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupations might influence the employees' psychophysical conditions and an important issue is the human activity mechanization, which favors a hypokinetic work status and leads to several chronic diseases. One of the most hypokinetic occupations is the supermarket cashier, in which the individual may spend many hours a day in the same body position. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between cardiovascular risk, quality of life and physical activity level in supermarket cashiers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study which included 200 supermarket cashiers aged 20 to 41 years from São Paulo, Brazil. The following cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated: overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco smoking. Physical activity level and quality of life were assessed with the short-form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAq) and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL), respectively. Student t test and Chi-square were carried out to evaluate mean gender comparations and frequency, respectively. Logistic regression models were applied to determine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity level. RESULTS The prevalence for all cardiovascular risk factors was significantly high in the cashiers with a low physical activity level. However, there was a significant reduction in several risk factors in the groups with moderate and high physical activity levels. The odds ratio values were significantly reduced for the association between the cardiovascular risk factors and the moderate and high physical activity levels. The cashiers with moderate and high physical activity levels showed significantly higher quality of life scores for the social and environmental domain. CONCLUSIONS A high physical activity level is positively related to quality of life in supermarket cashiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Torres
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Silva
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella Sousa Vieira
- Programa de pós-graduação em Cardiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Sales Bocalini
- Laboratorio de fisiologia e bioquimica experimental, centro de educacao fisica e deportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Erinaldo Andrade
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cezar Casarin
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank Suzuki
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei Luiz Antonio
- Programa de pós-graduação em Cardiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Programa de pós-graduação em biofotônica aplicada as ciências da saúde. Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de pós-graduação em Cardiologia. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Asim M, Aftab M, Bhatti SH, Ahmad T, Ali Shah SM, Akram M. Identifying factors causing decline in physical functionality of geriatric population. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211026109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to find major correlates of decline in the physical functionality of the geriatric population. The main focus was the evaluation of demographic, social, economic, and health-related factors that have a potential impact on physical functionality. A sample of 423 elderly people were selected from district Faisalabad, Pakistan by using a snowball sampling approach. Statistical analysis was performed using frequency analysis and some tests for association like chi-square, Cramer’s V, and gamma coefficient. It was observed that 42.8% of the respondents were independent in doing their all-routine work and the physical functional status decline was observed partially in 35.2% and completely in 22.0% of the respondents. Using frequency analysis and association measures, age, education, marital status, living with family, having an independent source of income, level of social network and support, having exercise routine were found to be significantly associated with functional status of elders. The study concluded that besides age and other demographic factors that cannot be controlled, the socio-economic factors can be improved to substantially reduce the decline in the physical functionality of the geriatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim
- Department of Statistics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aftab
- Department of Statistics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Haider Bhatti
- Department of Statistics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tanvir Ahmad
- Department of Statistics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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Kim DS, Weber T, Straube U, Hellweg CE, Nasser M, Green DA, Fogtman A. The Potential of Physical Exercise to Mitigate Radiation Damage-A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:585483. [PMID: 33996841 PMCID: PMC8117229 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.585483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to investigate new countermeasures against the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation as deep space exploration missions are on the horizon. Objective: In this systematic review, the effects of physical exercise upon ionizing radiation-induced damage were evaluated. Methods: Systematic searches were performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, and the databases from space agencies. Of 2,798 publications that were screened, 22 studies contained relevant data that were further extracted and analyzed. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed. Due to the high level of heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not performed. Five outcome groups were assessed by calculating Hedges' g effect sizes and visualized using effect size plots. Results: Exercise decreased radiation-induced DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation, while increasing antioxidant activity. Although the results were highly heterogeneous, there was evidence for a beneficial effect of exercise in cellular, clinical, and functional outcomes. Conclusions: Out of 72 outcomes, 68 showed a beneficial effect of physical training when exposed to ionizing radiation. As the first study to investigate a potential protective mechanism of physical exercise against radiation effects in a systematic review, the current findings may help inform medical capabilities of human spaceflight and may also be relevant for terrestrial clinical care such as radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Kim
- Space Medicine Team (HRE-OM), European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tobias Weber
- Space Medicine Team (HRE-OM), European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany
- KBR GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Straube
- Space Medicine Team (HRE-OM), European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Mona Nasser
- Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Green
- Space Medicine Team (HRE-OM), European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany
- KBR GmbH, Cologne, Germany
- Centre of Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Space Medicine Team (HRE-OM), European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany
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23
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Diaz AA, Colangelo LA, Okajima Y, Yen A, Sala MA, Dransfield MT, Tino G, Ross JC, San José Estépar R, Washko GR, Kalhan R. Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Bronchiectasis at CT: A Long-term Population-based Study of Healthy Young Adults Aged 18-30 Years in the CARDIA Study. Radiology 2021; 300:190-196. [PMID: 33904771 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021203874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Protective factors against the risk of bronchiectasis are unknown. A high level of cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a lower risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. But whether fitness relates to bronchiectasis remains, to the knowledge of the authors, unknown. Purpose To examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and bronchiectasis. Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort (from 1985-1986 [year 0] to 2015-2016 [year 30]). During a 30-year period, healthy participants (age at enrollment 18-30 years) underwent treadmill exercise testing at year 0 and year 20 visits. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined according to the treadmill exercise duration. The 20-year difference in cardiorespiratory fitness was used as the fitness measurement. At year 25, chest CT was performed to assess bronchiectasis and was used as the primary outcome. Multivariable logistic models were performed to determine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness changes and bronchiectasis. Results Of 2177 selected participants (at year 0: mean age, 25 years ± 4 [standard deviation]; 1224 women), 209 (9.6%) had bronchiectasis at year 25. After adjusting for age, race-sex group, study site, body mass index, pack-years smoked, history of tuberculosis, pneumonia, asthma and myocardial infarction, peak lung function, and cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline, preservation of cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower odds of bronchiectasis at CT at year 25 (per 1-minute-longer treadmill duration from year 0 to year 20: odds ratio [OR], 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.98; P = .02). A consistent strong association was found when cough and phlegm were included in bronchiectasis (OR, 0.72; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87; P < .001). Conclusion In a long-term follow-up, the preservation of cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower odds of bronchiectasis at CT. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Stojanovska in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Diaz
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.A.D., Y.O., G.R.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.A.C., R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (M.A.S., R.K.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Calif (A.Y.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D.); and Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G.T.)
| | - Laura A Colangelo
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.A.D., Y.O., G.R.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.A.C., R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (M.A.S., R.K.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Calif (A.Y.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D.); and Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G.T.)
| | - Yuka Okajima
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.A.D., Y.O., G.R.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.A.C., R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (M.A.S., R.K.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Calif (A.Y.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D.); and Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G.T.)
| | - Andrew Yen
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.A.D., Y.O., G.R.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.A.C., R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (M.A.S., R.K.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Calif (A.Y.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D.); and Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G.T.)
| | - Marc A Sala
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.A.D., Y.O., G.R.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.A.C., R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (M.A.S., R.K.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Calif (A.Y.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D.); and Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G.T.)
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.A.D., Y.O., G.R.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.A.C., R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (M.A.S., R.K.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Calif (A.Y.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D.); and Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G.T.)
| | - Gregory Tino
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.A.D., Y.O., G.R.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.A.C., R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (M.A.S., R.K.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Calif (A.Y.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D.); and Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G.T.)
| | - James C Ross
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.A.D., Y.O., G.R.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.A.C., R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (M.A.S., R.K.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Calif (A.Y.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D.); and Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G.T.)
| | - Raúl San José Estépar
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.A.D., Y.O., G.R.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.A.C., R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (M.A.S., R.K.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Calif (A.Y.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D.); and Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G.T.)
| | - George R Washko
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.A.D., Y.O., G.R.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.A.C., R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (M.A.S., R.K.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Calif (A.Y.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D.); and Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G.T.)
| | - Ravi Kalhan
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (A.A.D., Y.O., G.R.W.) and Department of Radiology (J.C.R., R.S.J.E.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (L.A.C., R.K.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (M.A.S., R.K.); Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Calif (A.Y.); Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Ala (M.T.D.); and Department of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (G.T.)
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Pineda-García AD, Lara-Vargas JA, Ku-González A, Lastra-Silva VJ, Arteaga R, Pineda-Juárez JA. Safety and improvement in exercise tolerance with interval training vs moderate-intensity continuous training in heart disease patient of very high cardiovascular risk. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2021; 91:178-185. [PMID: 33887755 PMCID: PMC8295877 DOI: 10.24875/acm.20000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad y el efecto del entrenamiento por intervalos de moderada y alta intensidad (EIMI, EIAI) y compararlo con el entrenamiento de intensidad moderada continua (EIMC) en pacientes de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) muy alto. Método: Estudio cuasi experimental de 81 pacientes que ingresaron al programas de rehabilitación cardíaca y prevención secundaria (PRHCPS); en la estratificación de riesgo, todos los pacientes presentaron ≥ 2 factores de RCV alto. Entrenamiento concurrente: aeróbico supervisado: 2 semanas de entrenamiento de base de EIMC; luego el grupo EIMC con la misma prescripción, EIMI a 3 intervalos de 3’ al 70 a 80% de FCR con pausas activas de 3’ al 60 a 70% de FCR; EIAI, 3 intervalos de 3’ a 80 a 90% de FCR con pausas activas de 3’ al 70 a 80% de FCR, entrenamiento de fuerza con tres sesiones semanales de ejercicios isotónicos y una de calistenia e intervención multidisciplinaria. Resultados: 81 pacientes asignados en tres grupos: 61 a EIMC, 13 a EIMI y 7 a EIAI, sin diferencias significativas en las variables epidemiológicas. Hubo ganancias porcentuales en MET-carga de 45%, 60% y 86% (p = 0.17) y carga-vatios de 51, 44 y 48 en EIMC, EIMI, EIAI, respectivamente (p = 0.54). A pesar de no existir diferencias estocásticamente significativas intergrupales, sí se registró una ganancia mayor en MET-carga en el grupo de EIAI. No se observó desenlace adverso en ningún tipo de entrenamiento. Conclusiones: En cardiópatas de riesgo cardiovascular muy alto, el entrenamiento interválico EIMI/EIAI supervisado es seguro, con tendencia a mayor ganancia en tolerancia al esfuerzo (MET-carga) con el EIAI en comparación con el EIMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo D Pineda-García
- Servicio de Rehabilitación Cardíaca, División de Servicios Modulares, Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle
| | - Jorge A Lara-Vargas
- Servicio de Rehabilitación Cardíaca, División de Servicios Modulares, Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle
| | - Andrés Ku-González
- Servicio de Rehabilitación Cardíaca, División de Servicios Modulares, Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle
| | - Víctor J Lastra-Silva
- Servicio de Rehabilitación Cardíaca, División de Servicios Modulares, Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle
| | - Rodolfo Arteaga
- Servicio de Rehabilitación Cardíaca, División de Servicios Modulares, Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle
| | - Juan A Pineda-Juárez
- Departamento de Investigación Clínica. Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México
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25
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Griffin JS, Dent SC, Berger SM. Pathways linking activity, adiposity, and inflammation to bone mineral density in women and men from NHANES 2007 to 2010. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 33:e23583. [PMID: 33645876 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age, sedentary activity, central adiposity, and inflammation have all been independently associated with bone mineral density (BMD). We assessed how the effects of sedentary activity and central adiposity on BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck change across early to late adulthood and whether these relationships are mediated by inflammation. METHODS We analyzed data from 7135 women and men 20 years of age and older from NHANES 2007 to 2010. Anthropometrics, sedentary activity (min/day), serum CRP (mg/dl), and BMD (gm/cm2 measured by DXA scans) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Data were compared by age and sex groups and through causal mediation analysis. RESULTS The effect of waist circumference on BMD was significantly mediated by serum CRP at both skeletal sites in men and at the femoral neck in women. Sedentary activity did not have a direct relationship to BMD but was mediated by waist circumference in men. Least square means differed significantly by sex and age groups with a general age-related decline in BMD at both skeletal sites. CONCLUSIONS We found that central adiposity, independent of overall body size and composition as measured through BMI, has an inverse relationship with BMD that is mediated by serum CRP. In addition, the negative impact of increased sedentism acted through changes in central adiposity (waist circumference) but only in men. Although low bone density and osteoporosis are often considered degenerative diseases that primarily impact postmenopausal women, our findings show that sedentary activity and central adiposity impact bone density beginning in early adulthood in both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Griffin
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophia C Dent
- Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steph M Berger
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Ruberti OM, Rodrigues B. Estrogen Deprivation and Myocardial Infarction: Role of Aerobic Exercise Training, Inflammation and Metabolomics. Curr Cardiol Rev 2021; 16:292-305. [PMID: 31362678 PMCID: PMC7903506 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666190729153026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, postmenopausal women present higher mortality, and worse prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI) compared to men, due to estrogen deficiency. After MI, cardiovascular alterations occur such as the autonomic imbalance and the pro-inflammatory cytokines increase. In this sense, therapies that aim to minimize deleterious effects caused by myocardial ischemia are important. Aerobic training has been proposed as a promising intervention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, some studies have attempted to identify potential biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases or specifically for MI. For this purpose, metabolomics has been used as a tool in the discovery of cardiovascular biomarkers. Therefore, the objective of this work is to discuss the changes involved in ovariectomy, myocardial infarction, and aerobic training, with emphasis on inflammation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia M Ruberti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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27
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Corlin L, Liu C, Lin H, Leone D, Yang Q, Ngo D, Levy D, Cupples LA, Gerszten RE, Larson MG, Vasan RS. Proteomic Signatures of Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Plasma Proteome in the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018020. [PMID: 33372532 PMCID: PMC7955453 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Proteomic biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk factors may offer insights into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether modifiable lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease are associated with distinctive proteomic signatures. Methods and Results We analyzed 1305 circulating plasma proteomic biomarkers (assayed using the SomaLogic platform) in 897 FHS (Framingham Heart Study) Generation 3 participants (mean age 46±8 years; 56% women; discovery sample) and 1121 FOS (Framingham Offspring Study) participants (mean age 52 years; 54% women; validation sample). Participants were free of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and clinical cardiovascular disease. We used linear mixed effects models (adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and family structure) to relate levels of each inverse-log transformed protein to 3 lifestyle factors (ie, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity). A Bonferroni-adjusted P value indicated statistical significance (based on number of proteins and traits tested, P<4.2×10-6 in the discovery sample; P<6.85×10-4 in the validation sample). We observed statistically significant associations of 60 proteins with smoking (37/40 top proteins validated in FOS), 30 proteins with alcohol consumption (23/30 proteins validated), and 5 proteins with physical activity (2/3 proteins associated with the physical activity index validated). We assessed the associations of protein concentrations with previously identified genetic variants (protein quantitative trait loci) linked to lifestyle-related disease traits in the genome-wide-association study catalogue. The protein quantitative trait loci were associated with coronary artery disease, inflammation, and age-related mortality. Conclusions Our cross-sectional study from a community-based sample elucidated distinctive sets of proteins associated with 3 key lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corlin
- Boston University Department of MedicineBostonMA
- Department of Public Health and Community MedicineTufts University School of MedicineBostonMA
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringTufts University School of EngineeringMedfordMA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | | | | | - Qiong Yang
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Debby Ngo
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences BranchNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMA
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Martin G. Larson
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMA
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Boston University Department of MedicineBostonMA
- Boston University School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMA
- Boston University Center for Computing and Data SciencesBostonMA
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28
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MacDonald CJ, Madika AL, Lajous M, Laouali N, Artaud F, Bonnet F, Fagherazzi G, Boutron-Ruault MC. Associations Between Physical Activity and Incident Hypertension Across Strata of Body Mass Index: A Prospective Investigation in a Large Cohort of French Women. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015121. [PMID: 33190573 PMCID: PMC7763781 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background High body mass index (BMI) and low physical activity are associated with increased risk of hypertension. Few studies have assessed their joint impact or the relation of physical activity and hypertension among individuals within a healthy BMI range. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between physical activity and hypertension across strata of BMI. Methods and Results We used data from the E3N (Etude Epidémiologique de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l´Education) cohort, a French prospective study of women aged 40 to 65 years. We included participants who completed a diet history questionnaire and who did not have prevalent hypertension at baseline, resulting in a total of 41 607 women. Questionnaires assessed time spent undertaking various types of physical activity. Hypertension cases were self‐reported. Cox models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for physical activity. Associations were assessed over strata of BMI. Among the 41 607 included women, 10 182 cases of hypertension were identified in an average follow‐up time of 14.5 years. Total physical activity was associated with a lower hypertension risk in women within the high‐normal BMI range (BMI, 22.5–24.9) (HRQuartile 1–Quartile4, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79–0.99). An inverse relationship was observed between sports (HRsports >2 hours, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.83–0.93), walking (HRwalk >6.5 hours, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90–1.00), and gardening (HRgardening >2.5 hours, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–0.99). Sports were associated with a reduced risk of hypertension in women with a healthy weight, but evidence was weaker in overweight/obese or underweight women. Conclusions Women with a healthy weight were those who could benefit most from practicing sports, and sports provided the largest risk reduction compared with other types of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor-James MacDonald
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1018 Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France.,Université Paris-SaclayUniversité Paris-Sud Villejuif France
| | - Anne-Laure Madika
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1018 Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France.,Université Paris-SaclayUniversité Paris-Sud Villejuif France.,EA 2694-Santé publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins Université de LilleCHU Lille Lille France
| | - Martin Lajous
- Center for Research on Population Health Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Cuernavaca México.,Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA
| | - Nasser Laouali
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1018 Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France.,Université Paris-SaclayUniversité Paris-Sud Villejuif France
| | - Fanny Artaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1018 Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France.,Université Paris-SaclayUniversité Paris-Sud Villejuif France
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1018 Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France.,Université Paris-SaclayUniversité Paris-Sud Villejuif France.,Université Rennes Rennes France.,CHU Rennes Rennes France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1018 Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France.,Université Paris-SaclayUniversité Paris-Sud Villejuif France.,Department of Population Health Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1018 Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif France.,Université Paris-SaclayUniversité Paris-Sud Villejuif France
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The Relation between Domain-Specific Physical Behaviour and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Cross-Sectional Compositional Data Analysis on the Physical Activity Health Paradox Using Accelerometer-Assessed Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217929. [PMID: 33137943 PMCID: PMC7662405 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to leisure time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA) does not have similar beneficial health effects. These differential health effects might be explained by dissimilar effects of LTPA and OPA on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). This study investigated cross-sectional associations between different physical behaviours during both work and leisure time and CRF by using a Compositional Data Analysis approach. Physical behaviours were assessed by two accelerometers among 309 workers with various manual jobs. During work time, more sedentary behaviour (SB) was associated with higher CRF when compared relatively to time spent on other work behaviours, while more SB during leisure time was associated with lower CRF when compared to other leisure time behaviours. Reallocating more time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from the other behaviours within leisure time was positively associated with CRF, which was not the case for MVPA during work. The results of our study are in line with the physical activity health paradox and we call for further study on the interaction between LTPA and OPA by implementing device-worn measures in a longitudinal design. Our results highlight the need for recommendations to take into account the different effects of OPA and LTPA on CRF.
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30
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García-Hermoso A, Ramírez-Vélez R, Alfonso-Rosa RM, Del Pozo Cruz B. Cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and circulating white blood cells in US youth. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:439-445. [PMID: 33038029 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The white blood cell (WBC) provides a clue to the presence of illness. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity levels are negatively associated with circulating total WBC counts in adults. To date, only a scarce number of studies have investigated these associations among youths. The aim was to elucidate the relationship between CRF and accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior with WBC counts and subfraction concentrations of particular WBC (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils) in a large representative national sample of US children and adolescents. Participants accumulating 60 min/day or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were considered active or inactive otherwise. Participants were also categorized into low, average, and high CRF level. The final sample consisted of 1623 children and adolescents (11.9 years old) from 2003 to 2006 cycle and 2624 (14.5 years old) from 1999 to 2004 cycle. CRF was inversely associated with total WBC and segmented neutrophils concentration in both sexes, and MVPA only in boys. Further, active children and adolescents had higher odds of a normal range of WBC count in boys (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.41 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.34) and girls (OR = 3.52 95% CI, 1.01 to 12.23). In conclusion, our observations indicate that interventions targeting CRF and MVPA could strength the immune system of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Alfonso-Rosa
- Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Motivation and Behavior Research Program, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
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31
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Namjoo I, Alavi Naeini A, Najafi M, Aghaye Ghazvini MR, Hasanzadeh A. The Relationship Between Antioxidants and Inflammation in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:313-321. [PMID: 32963724 PMCID: PMC7502190 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.2.1489.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have identified Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as an inflammatory condition associated with immunological and oxidative responses. Therefore, it is necessary to examine these processes in these patients. The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between the dietary intake of antioxidants, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, and the serum levels of inflammatory factors in ADHD students. Methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 64 ADHD children aged 6 - 13 years. The demographic questionnaire, Food Frequency Questionnaire, and Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire were used for data collection. SOD activity and the serum level of inflammatory factors (homocysteine, interleukin-6, and C-reactive Protein (CRP)) were measured in all patients. According to the CRP values, 32 patients were included in the case group (CRP≥1 mg/L) and 32 patients in the control group (0≤CRP<1 mg/L). Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, sex, weight, height, and body mass index. In the case group, the mean SOD activity (P=0.034), the physical activity (P=0.04), zinc intake (P=0.02), and homocysteine levels were higher than the control group (P=0.001). Of all studied variables, the best predictors were homocysteine (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.082-1.670, P=0.029) and physical activity (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.761-0.952, P=0.022) respectively, whereas other variables were not significant predictors. Conclusion The present study showed that the level of inflammatory factors in the case group was significantly higher than the control group. Homocysteine and physical activity can predict the inflammation status induced by CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Namjoo
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirmansour Alavi Naeini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Najafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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32
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Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiac structure and function in rats with acute myocardial infarct. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110690. [PMID: 32890969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training is beneficial for cardiac rehabilitation. Nevertheless, few study focused on the role of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in cardiac repair. The current study aimed to elucidate the effect of HIIT on cardiac rehabilitation and the involved mechanisms after acute myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS A total of 65 male rats underwent coronary ligation or sham operation and were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham (n = 10), sedentary (MI-Sed, n = 12), moderate-intensity continuous training (MI-MCT, n = 12) and HIIT (MI-HIIT, n = 12). One week after MI induction, adaptive training starts follow by formal training. After the experiment, cardiac functions were determined by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements. Changes in infarct size, collagen accumulation, myofibroblasts, angiogenesis, inflammation level, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activities were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS After MI, cardiac structure and function were significantly deteriorated. However, post-MI HIIT for 8 weeks had significantly ameliorated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), LV systolic pressure (LVSP), and maximum peak velocities of relaxation (-dP/dtmax). Moreover, it preserved cardiac functions, reduced infarct size, protected the myocardium structure, increased angiogenesis and decreased the myofibroblasts and collagen accumulation. HIIT for 4 weeks had no effect on LVEDP, -dP/dtmax, infarct size and angiogenesis. Additionally, it induced inflammation response and repressed ET-1 and RAAS activities were found in myocardium and peripheral circulation after HIIT. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that post-MI HIIT had a positive role in cardiac repair, which might be linked with the induction of inflammation and inhibition of ET-1 and RAAS activities.
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Faruque MO, Vonk JM, Bültmann U, Boezen HM. Airborne occupational exposures and inflammatory biomarkers in the Lifelines cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:82-85. [PMID: 32769140 PMCID: PMC7873411 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory biomarkers are associated with negative health outcomes. In this study, we investigated the associations between airborne occupational exposures and levels and changes in inflammatory biomarkers. Methods We included 79 604 adults at baseline from the Lifelines cohort of which 48 403 (60.8%) subjects were followed for a median of 4.5 years. Airborne occupational exposures at the current or last-held job at baseline were estimated with the occupational asthma-specific job-exposure matrix. Both in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, we used linear regression models (adjusted for age, sex, education, monthly income, body mass index, smoking, pack-years, asthma and anti-inflammatory medication) to investigate the associations between airborne occupational exposures (allergens, reactive chemicals, pesticides and micro-organisms) and inflammatory biomarkers (C reactive protein (CRP), eosinophils and neutrophils). Results In the cross-sectional analyses, exposure to allergens, reactive chemicals and micro-organisms was associated with a lower (Log) CRP level (B(95% CI)=−0.05 (−0.08 to −0.02),–0.05(−0.08 to −0.02) and −0.09(−0.16 to −0.02), respectively). Likewise, exposure to allergens, reactive chemicals, pesticides and micro-organisms was associated with a lower (log) neutrophils count (−0.01 (−0.02 to −0.01), −0.01 (−0.02 to −0.01),–0.02 (−0.04 to −0.01) and −0.02(−0.03 to −0.01), respectively). No association between airborne occupational exposures and eosinophils count was found. In the longitudinal analyses, no association between airborne occupational exposures and changes in inflammatory biomarkers was found. Conclusions At baseline, airborne occupational exposures are inversely associated with inflammation; no effect of occupational exposures on inflammation was found at follow-up. In the future studies, details of occupational exposures, such as duration of exposures and cumulative exposures, need to be included to investigate the airborne occupational exposures and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Omar Faruque
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Marike Boezen
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands .,University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Wang T, Mao L, Wang J, Li P, Liu X, Wu W. Influencing Factors and Exercise Intervention of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:557-566. [PMID: 32368022 PMCID: PMC7183549 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s245147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition characterized by airflow limitation in the elderly. Airflow limitation is partially reversible and progressive. COPD not only causes a gradual decline in lung function but also affects the function of other systems throughout the body; it also has adverse effects on the central nervous system that can lead to cognitive impairment, especially in elderly patients. Therefore, understanding the influencing factors of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with COPD and applying early intervention are crucial in improving the quality of life of patients and reducing the burden on their families and society. This article mainly discusses the related factors of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with COPD and expands the possible mechanism of exercise in improving cognitive impairment in patients with COPD to provide a reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Mao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijun Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
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How Physical Activity across the Lifespan Can Reduce the Impact of Bone Ageing: A Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061862. [PMID: 32183049 PMCID: PMC7143872 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a lifelong process, due to the balanced activity of the osteoblasts (OBs), the bone-forming cells, and osteoclasts (OCs), the bone-resorbing cells. This equilibrium is mainly regulated by the WNT-ß-cathenin pathway and the RANK-RANKL/OPG system, respectively. Bone ageing is a process which normally occurs during life due to the imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption, potentially leading to osteoporosis. Bone loss associated with bone ageing is determined by oxidative stress, the result of the increasing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The promotion of physical exercise during growth increases the chances of accruing bone and delaying the onset of osteoporosis. Several studies demonstrate that physical exercise is associated with higher bone mineral density and lower fracture incidence, and the resulting bone mineral gain is maintained with ageing, despite a reduction of physical activity in adulthood. The benefits of exercise are widely recognized, thus physical activity is considered the best non-pharmacologic treatment for pathologies such as osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We reviewed the physiological mechanisms which control bone remodeling, the effects of physical activity on bone health, and studies on the impact of exercise in reducing bone ageing.
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Rodrigues Junior LF, Mendes FDSNS, Pinto VLM, da Silva PS, Sperandio da Silva GM, Pinheiro RO, de Sousa AS, Mediano MFF. A cardiac rehabilitation exercise program potentially inhibits progressive inflammation in patients with severe Chagas cardiomyopathy: A pilot single-arm clinical trial. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 25:18. [PMID: 32174990 PMCID: PMC7053160 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_175_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cardiac rehabilitation exerts anti-inflammatory effect on several cardiovascular diseases; however, these effects were not described for Chagas cardiomyopathy, which is associated with pro-inflammatory imbalance. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with severe Chagas cardiomyopathy performed 8 months of exercise training in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-8, IL-10, interferon gamma (IF-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline, 4, and 8 months. The influence of exercise on cytokine levels was evaluated using the one-way analysis of variance for repeated measurements, with Bonferroni posttest for multiple comparisons. Results: Levels of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IF-γ, and (MCP-1) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines did not vary significantly during the observation period. Conclusion: Exercise may benefit patients with severe Chagas cardiomyopathy by curbing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in this disease characterized by a continuous state of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Junior
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Care Support Division, Physical Therapy Service, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Vivian Liane Mattos Pinto
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Simplicio da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Marcelo Sperandio da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberta Olmo Pinheiro
- Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa Silvestre de Sousa
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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37
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Queiroz CO, Pitanga F, Lotufo PA, Molina MDCB, de Aquino EML, Almeida MCC. Amount of physical activity necessary for a normal level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in ELSA-Brasil: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2020; 138:19-26. [PMID: 32321101 PMCID: PMC9673848 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2019.0301.r2.20102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that physical activity levels can be inversely associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. However, the amount of physical activity required to maintain normal hs-CRP levels is still a matter for speculation. OBJECTIVE To identify the amount of physical activity necessary to discriminate the hs-CRP levels in adults. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study at six teaching and research institutions. METHODS The study sample comprised 10,231 adults aged 35 to 74 years who were participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to compare the amount of physical activity in two domains (leisure time and commuting) with hs-CRP levels. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to identify the best cutoff for physical activity level that would be needed to maintain normal levels of hs-CRP (< 3 mg/l). RESULTS The area under the ROC curve was only statistically significant for discriminating normal levels of hs-CRP according to the amount of physical activity when the two study domains were added together. The accumulated physical activity level of 200 minutes/week was the best cutoff for discriminating normal levels of hs-CRP in adults of both sex. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity in the leisure-time and commuting domains together, of duration 200 minutes/week, was associated with normal hs-CRP values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Oliveira Queiroz
- MSc. Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador (BA), Brazil. Postgraduate Student, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology in Health and Investigative Medicine, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador (BA), Brazil.
| | - Francisco Pitanga
- PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil.
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- MD, PhD. Full Professor, Clinical and Epidemiological Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Maria Del Carmen Bisi Molina
- PhD. Associate Professor, Public Health Program, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitória (ES), Brazil.
| | - Estela Maria Leão de Aquino
- MD, PhD. Full Professor, Institute of Collective Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil.
| | - Maria Conceição Chagas Almeida
- PhD. Public Health Researcher, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador (BA), Brazil.
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Cholesterol versus Inflammation as Cause of Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102332. [PMID: 31581553 PMCID: PMC6835531 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsoupras and colleagues have postulated, in a recent review in Nutrients, that the key to reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease is to control the activities of inflammatory mediators such as platelet-activating factor (PAF) by diet, exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices [...].
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Legeret C, Mählmann L, Gerber M, Kalak N, Köhler H, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S, Furlano R. Favorable impact of long-term exercise on disease symptoms in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:297. [PMID: 31455308 PMCID: PMC6710863 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence is growing that both short- and long-term physical exercise have the potential to positively impact on the physiological system related to inflammatory indices, though, such patterns are unknown for pediatric patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The aim of the present intervention study was to investigate the influence of a single bout and chronic moderate-intensity exercise on IBD-related inflammatory indices and exercise capacity among pediatric individuals with IBD and healthy controls. Method Twenty-one pediatric patients with IBD, split into a “remission-group” (IBD-RE; n = 14) and an “active disease group” (IBD-AD; n = 7), were compared to 23 age matched healthy controls (HC). All participants completed a single bout of exercise at baseline and an 8-week exercise intervention. Before and after the single bout of exercise IBD-related inflammatory indices (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, hemoglobin, hematocrit, thrombocytes and leukocytes) were assessed. Results At baseline, after a single bout of exercise, inflammation (albumin, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit and leukocytes) increased in all three groups IBD-AD, IBD-RE and HC. CRP and thrombocytes were only elevated in IBD-AD and IBD-RE, compared to HC. After a longer-term exercise intervention, ESR, CRP and thrombocytes significantly decreased in all groups. The longer-term exercise intervention did not decrease acute immunopathologic responses after a single bout of exercise, compared to baseline. Conclusion Whereas a single bout of exercise increases albumin, erythrocytes and leukocytes, longer-term moderate-intensity exercise reduced inflammatory markers in pediatric patients with IBD. Children and teenagers with IBD should be encouraged to engage in regular moderate-intensity exercise activities, as such activities may contribute to inflammation suppression and improved disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Legeret
- Children's University Hospital of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. .,Children's Hospital of Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Mählmann
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Centre for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadeem Kalak
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Centre for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Centre for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Centre for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Psychiatry Department, Substance Abuse Prevention and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Raoul Furlano
- Children's University Hospital of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Physical Exercise Affects Adipose Tissue Profile and Prevents Arterial Thrombosis in BDNF Val66Met Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080875. [PMID: 31405230 PMCID: PMC6721716 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue accumulation is an independent and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The recent CVD European Guidelines strongly recommend regular physical exercise (PE) as a management strategy for prevention and treatment of CVD associated with metabolic disorders and obesity. Although mutations as well as common genetic variants, including the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism, are associated with increased body weight, eating and neuropsychiatric disorders, and myocardial infarction, the effect of this polymorphism on adipose tissue accumulation and regulation as well as its relation to obesity/thrombosis remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that white adipose tissue (WAT) of humanized knock-in BDNFVal66Met (BDNFMet/Met) mice is characterized by an altered morphology and an enhanced inflammatory profile compared to wild-type BDNFVal/Val. Four weeks of voluntary PE restored the adipocyte size distribution, counteracted the inflammatory profile of adipose tissue, and prevented the prothrombotic phenotype displayed, per se, by BDNFMet/Met mice. C3H10T1/2 cells treated with the Pro-BDNFMet peptide well recapitulated the gene alterations observed in BDNFMet/Met WAT mice. In conclusion, these data indicate the strong impact of lifestyle, in particular of the beneficial effect of PE, on the management of arterial thrombosis and inflammation associated with obesity in relation to the specific BDNF Val66Met mutation.
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Midouhas E, Kokosi T, Flouri E. Neighbourhood-level air pollution and greenspace and inflammation in adults. Health Place 2019; 58:102167. [PMID: 31325812 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation has been proposed as a pathway from adverse physical environments to poor physical and mental health. We estimated longitudinal associations of neighbourhood-level air pollution and greenspace with individual-level inflammation (measured with C-reactive protein and fibrinogen), using data from over 8000 adults living in England and Wales who participated in Understanding Society. Using linear regression, we found that neighbourhood-level nitrogen dioxide predicted later levels of fibrinogen, but not C-reactive protein. Area air pollution, but not area greenery, appears to predict inflammation, even after accounting for social deprivation in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Midouhas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK.
| | - Theodora Kokosi
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK
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Hansen GM, Marott JL, Holtermann A, Gyntelberg F, Lange P, Jensen MT. Midlife cardiorespiratory fitness and the long-term risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2019; 74:843-848. [PMID: 31209150 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good midlife cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may reduce the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Reverse causation may play a role if follow-up time is short. We examined the association between CRF and both incident COPD and COPD mortality in employed men with up to 46 years follow-up, which allowed us to account for reverse causality. METHODS Middle-aged men (n=4730) were recruited in 1970-1971. CRF was determined as VO2max by ergometer test. Categories of CRF (low, normal, high) were defined as ± 1 Z-score (± 1 SD) above or below the age-adjusted mean. Endpoints were identified through national registers and defined as incident COPD, and death from COPD. Multi-adjusted Cox models and restricted mean survival times (RMST) were performed. RESULTS Compared with low CRF, the estimated risk of incident COPD was 21% lower in participants with normal CRF (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.99) and 31 % lower with high CRF (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.91). Compared with low CRF, the risk of death from COPD was 35% lower in participants with normal CRF (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.91) and 62% lower in participants with high CRF (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.61). RMST showed a delay to incident COPD and death from COPD in the magnitude of 1.3-1.8 years in normal and high CRF vs low CRF. Test for reverse causation did not alter the results. CONCLUSION In a population of healthy, middle-aged men, higher levels of CRF were associated with a lower long-term risk of incident COPD and death from COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorm Mørk Hansen
- Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Medical Department O, Respiratory Section; Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Louis Marott
- The Copenhagen Male Study Epidemiological Research Unit, Departments of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Gyntelberg
- The Copenhagen Male Study Epidemiological Research Unit, Departments of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; Bispebjerg Hospital, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Lange
- Herlev Hospital, Medical Department O, Respiratory Section; University of Copenhagen, Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus T Jensen
- The Copenhagen Male Study Epidemiological Research Unit, Departments of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Webel AR, Willig AL, Liu W, Sattar A, Boswell S, Crane HM, Hunt P, Kitahata M, Matthews WC, Saag MS, Lederman MM, Rodriguez B. Physical Activity Intensity is Associated with Symptom Distress in the CNICS Cohort. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:627-635. [PMID: 30368620 PMCID: PMC6408232 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Symptom distress remains a challenging aspect of living with HIV. Physical activity is a promising symptom management strategy, but its effect on symptom distress has not been examined in a large, longitudinal HIV-infected cohort. We hypothesized that higher physical activity intensity would be associated with reduced symptom distress. We included 5370 people living with HIV (PLHIV) who completed patient-reported assessments of symptom distress, physical activity, alcohol and substance use, and HIV medication adherence between 2005 and 2016. The most frequent and burdensome symptoms were fatigue (reported by 56%), insomnia (50%), pain (46%), sadness (45%), and anxiety (45%), with women experiencing more symptoms and more burdensome symptoms than men. After adjusting for age, sex, race, time, HIV medication adherence, alcohol and substance use, site, and HIV RNA, greater physical activity intensity was associated with lower symptom intensity. Although individual symptoms may be a barrier to physical activity (e.g. pain), the consistent association between symptoms with physical activity suggests that more intense physical activity could mitigate symptoms experienced by PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Webel
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44122, USA.
| | - Amanda L Willig
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44122, USA
| | - Abdus Sattar
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44122, USA
| | | | - Heidi M Crane
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Hunt
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mari Kitahata
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michael S Saag
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Benigno Rodriguez
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Colín-Castelán D, Zaina S. Associations between atherosclerosis and neurological diseases, beyond ischemia-induced cerebral damage. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:15-25. [PMID: 30891682 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is traditionally viewed as a consequence of peptide accumulation in the brain, stroke and/or cerebral ischemia. Nonetheless, a number of scattered observations suggest that neurological disease and atherosclerosis may be linked by more complex mechanisms. Understanding the intricate link between atherosclerosis and neurological conditions may have a significant impact on the quality of life of the growing ageing population and of high cardiovascular risk groups in general. Epidemiological data support the notion that neurological dysfunction and atherosclerosis coexist long before any evident clinical complications of cardiovascular disease appear and may be causally linked. Baffling, often overlooked, molecular data suggest that nervous tissue-specific gene expression is relaxed specifically in the atheromatous vascular wall, and/or that a systemic dysregulation of genes involved in nervous system biology dictates a concomitant progression of neurological disease and atherosclerosis. Further epidemiological and experimental work is needed to clarify the details and clinical relevance of those complex links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannia Colín-Castelán
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Silvio Zaina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Walker TJ, Heredia NI, Lee M, Laing ST, Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB, Reininger BM. The combined effect of physical activity and sedentary behavior on subclinical atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional study among Mexican Americans. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:161. [PMID: 30727990 PMCID: PMC6366018 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity and sedentary behavior are considered independent risk factors for chronic disease. However, we do not fully understand their interrelation with key health outcomes such as subclinical atherosclerosis. This study examines the combined effects of sedentary behavior and physical activity on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and presence of carotid plaque in a Mexican American population on the Texas-Mexico border. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective data from a sample (n = 612) of participants from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort. Carotid ultrasound was used to measure cIMT and presence of carotid plaque. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess leisure time physical activity and sedentary behavior (TV/movie sitting and total sitting). A series of multivariable regression models were used to assess study aims. An interaction term between physical activity and sedentary behavior was included in models for each respective outcome. Models were controlled for demographic and health-related variables. RESULTS There were no significant associations found between physical activity, sedentary behavior and mean cIMT, or cIMT thickness ≥ 75th percentile for age and gender. However, there was a significant interaction between physical activity and TV/movie sitting with presence of carotid plaque. Participants who reported moderate levels of physical activity had significantly lower odds for presence of plaque compared to participants with no activity when TV/movie sitting time was ≤3 h per day. However, there was no significant difference in odds for presence of plaque between physical activity groups when TV/movie sitting exceeded 3 h/day. These results were consistent with models examining total sitting time. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that for Mexican Americans, there is a combined effect of sedentary behavior and physical activity on presence of carotid plaque. Participating in moderate physical activity is optimal for having lower levels of carotid plaque in addition to avoiding excessive levels of TV/movie sitting (≥3 h/day) and/or total sitting (≥8.5 h/day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Walker
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Natalia I. Heredia
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - MinJae Lee
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School; Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6410 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Susan T. Laing
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Susan P. Fisher-Hoch
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, 1 W University Blvd, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - Joseph B. McCormick
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, 1 W University Blvd, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
| | - Belinda M. Reininger
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, 1 W University Blvd, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA
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Hsu WB, Hsu WH, Hung JS, Shen WJ, Hsu RWW. Transcriptome analysis of osteoblasts in an ovariectomized mouse model in response to physical exercise. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:601-608. [PMID: 30581558 PMCID: PMC6269594 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.711.bjr-2018-0075.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease resulting in progressive loss of bone mass as measured by bone mineral density (BMD). Physical exercise has a positive effect on increasing or maintaining BMD in postmenopausal women. The contribution of exercise to the regulation of osteogenesis in osteoblasts remains unclear. We therefore investigated the effect of exercise on osteoblasts in ovariectomized mice. Methods We compared the activity of differentially expressed genes of osteoblasts in ovariectomized mice that undertook exercise (OVX+T) with those that did not (OVX), using microarray and bioinformatics. Results Many inflammatory pathways were significantly downregulated in the osteoblasts after exercise. Meanwhile, IBSP and SLc13A5 gene expressions were upregulated in the OVX+T group. Furthermore, in in vitro assay, IBSP and SLc13A5 mRNAs were also upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 and 7F2 cells. Conclusion These findings suggest that exercise may not only reduce the inflammatory environment in ovariectomized mice, indirectly suppressing the overactivated osteoclasts, but may also directly activate osteogenesis-related genes in osteoblasts. Exercise may thus prevent the bone loss caused by oestrogen deficiency through mediating the imbalance between the bone resorptive activity of osteoclasts and the bone formation activity of osteoblasts. Cite this article: W-B. Hsu, W-H. Hsu, J-S. Hung, W-J. Shen, R. W-W. Hsu. Transcriptome analysis of osteoblasts in an ovariectomized mouse model in response to physical exercise. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:601–608. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.711.BJR-2018-0075.R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-B Hsu
- Sports Medicine Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan
| | - W-H Hsu
- Sports Medicine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan
| | - J-S Hung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan
| | - W-J Shen
- Po Cheng Orthopedic Institute, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - R W-W Hsu
- Sports Medicine Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Pu-Tzi City, Taiwan
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Visceral fat and insulin resistance - what we know? Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2018; 163:19-27. [PMID: 30398218 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2018.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant challenges of current medicine is the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide that is accompanied by a wide range of chronic health complications and increased mortality. White adipose tissue actively contributes to metabolic regulation by production of a variety of hormones and cytokines, commonly referred to as adipokines. The spectrum and quantity of adipokines produced by the adipose tissue of obese patients is directly or indirectly involved in much obesity-related pathology (type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory response). One of the underlying mechanisms linking obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular complications is subclinical inflammation, primarily arising in visceral adipose tissue. Adipocyte size, number and polarization of lymphocytes and infiltrated macrophages are closely related to metabolic and obesity-related diseases. The storage capacity of hypertrophic adipocytes in obese patients is limited. This results in chronic energy overload and leads to increased apoptosis of adipocytes that in turn stimulates the infiltration of visceral adipose tissue by immune cells, in particular macrophages. These cells produce many proinflammatory factors; while the overall production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines is decreased. The constant release of proinflammatory factors into the circulation then contributes to a subclinical systemic inflammation, which is directly linked to the metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity.
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Rodrigues-Krause J, Farinha JB, Ramis TR, Macedo RCO, Boeno FP, Dos Santos GC, Vargas J, Lopez P, Grazioli R, Costa RR, Pinto RS, Krause M, Reischak-Oliveira A. Effects of dancing compared to walking on cardiovascular risk and functional capacity of older women: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2018; 114:67-77. [PMID: 30389581 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is characterized by reductions in lean mass simultaneously to increases in visceral adipose tissue, elevating cardiovascular risk (CVR) and physical dependence. Dancing has been recommended for improving fall-risk and CVR, however, comparisons with traditional exercises are limited. This study aimed to compare the effects of dancing with walking on CVR and functionality of older women. METHODS Thirty sedentary women (65 ± 5 years, BMI 27 ± 4 kg/m2) were randomized into three groups (n = 10/group): dancing, walking or stretching (active control). All interventions lasted 8 weeks (60 min sessions): dancing/walking 3×/week, stretching 1×/week. Dancing: several styles, no partner. Walking: treadmill, 60% peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Stretching: large muscle groups, no discomfort. Before and after interventions assessments: VO2peak (primary outcome), total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, CRP, TNF-α, waist and hip circumferences, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), muscle thickness, maximal muscle strength/power, static and dynamic balance, gait ability, flexibility, chair-raise and level of physical activity (PA). STATISTICS generalized estimating equations, post-hoc LSD (p < 0.05), SPSS 22.0. RESULTS (Mean-CI): (before vs after): group vs time interaction showed increases in VO2peak (mL·kg-1·min-1) for dancing 23.3 (20.8-25.8) vs 25.6 (23.4-27.8), and walking 23.4 (21.3-25.5) vs 27.0 (25.4-28.6), with no differences for stretching 23.5 (21.3-25.7) vs 23.0 (21.0-24.9). Lower body muscle power and static balance also improved for dancing and walking, but not for stretching. Main time effect showed improvements in CRP, TNF-α, LDL-C, HDL-C, VAT, waist, hip, chair raise, flexibility and level of daily PA for all groups. CONCLUSION Dancing induced similar increases in VO2peak, lower body muscle power and static balance as walking, while the stretching group remained unchanged. Pooled effects showed improvements in body composition, lipid and inflammatory profile, which are supported by increased PA levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03262714.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josianne Rodrigues-Krause
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juliano Boufleur Farinha
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Ronzales Ramis
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Santa Cruz do Sul University (UNISC), Santa Cruz, RS, Brazil
| | - Francesco Pinto Boeno
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Dos Santos
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Vargas
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Lopez
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Grazioli
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rochelle Rocha Costa
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Weeks KL, Patterson NL, McMullen JR. Understanding Key Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Protection to Mitigate Disease: Current Knowledge and Emerging Concepts. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:419-475. [PMID: 29351515 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise on the heart are well recognized, and clinical studies have demonstrated that exercise is an intervention that can improve cardiac function in heart failure patients. This has led to significant research into understanding the key mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Here, we summarize molecular mechanisms that regulate exercise-induced cardiac myocyte growth and proliferation. We discuss in detail the effects of exercise on other cardiac cells, organelles, and systems that have received less or little attention and require further investigation. This includes cardiac excitation and contraction, mitochondrial adaptations, cellular stress responses to promote survival (heat shock response, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal system, endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, DNA damage response), extracellular matrix, inflammatory response, and organ-to-organ crosstalk. We summarize therapeutic strategies targeting known regulators of exercise-induced protection and the challenges translating findings from bench to bedside. We conclude that technological advancements that allow for in-depth profiling of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, combined with animal and human studies, provide new opportunities for comprehensively defining the signaling and regulatory aspects of cell/organelle functions that underpin the protective properties of exercise. This is likely to lead to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
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50
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DeClercq V, Langille MGI, Van Limbergen J. Differences in adiposity and diet quality among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease in Eastern Canada. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200580. [PMID: 30024912 PMCID: PMC6053167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to characterize the relationship between diet quality and body composition in participants living with IBD, specifically Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), in Atlantic Canada. Participants from the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (PATH) study are residents of one of the four Atlantic Canada provinces. Participants who completed the dietary questionnaire and had body composition measured were included in the study (n = 12,462 without IBD, n = 111 CD, n = 119 UC). A greater number of participants with IBD reported having multiple chronic conditions compared to those without IBD. Those with UC had statistically higher body weight and body mass index (BMI) compared to those without IBD. Overall, significant positive correlations were observed between adiposity and servings of refined grains, and meats and alternatives such as eggs and fish, whereas negative correlations were observed with servings of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, and alternatives such as tofu, and nuts/seeds. Participants with IBD (both CD and UC) consumed more refined grains than those without IBD. Using logistic regression analysis, participants consuming more servings of vegetables and whole grains were less likely to have CD where as those consuming more serving of fruit and bean/legumes were less likely to have UC. In the Atlantic PATH cohort, which includes a region of the world with a high incidence of IBD, distinct differences in adiposity and diet quality were observed in individuals with specific types of IBD compared to those without. There is a need for collaborative efforts to address weight management and diet quality issues in those living with IBD in the Atlantic Canadian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa DeClercq
- Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Johan Van Limbergen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Care and Endoscopy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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