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Lewis R, Scott R, Bala B, Jahan H, Bartram J, Radu T. Household water use and greywater management in Khulna city, Bangladesh. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 259:114376. [PMID: 38569415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
While substantial progress has been made in improving water and sanitation services in low- and middle-income countries, aligned basic services such as greywater, stormwater, and solid waste management have progressed little in recent decades. Data was collected in Khulna city, Bangladesh via a household survey (n = 192) of low-income areas exploring domestic water use and greywater volumes, characteristics, and disposal practices. Most households (71%) use a piped water supply for domestic purposes, supplemented by seasonal rainwater harvesting (26%) and greywater use (13%). Of the total water used by households (mean: 594 L/household/day and equivalent to 116 L/person/day), approximately 58% becomes greywater through bathing, dishwashing, religious practices, handwashing, laundry, and mopping. Greywater produced ranges from 61-1274 L/household/day, with a mean of 345 L/household/day and equivalent to 78.4 L/person/day. Greywater characteristics vary depending on the activity, individual behaviours and any products used during cooking, bathing, or cleaning. After generation, households dispose greywater to open drains (67%), nearby waterbodies (17%) directly to the ground (9%), or decentralised wastewater treatment system (7%). Without services for greywater management, greywater disposal may have considerable public and environmental health implications, necessitating careful attention and oversight from service-providers and stakeholders beyond the household-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lewis
- School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - R Scott
- School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - B Bala
- WaterAid Bangladesh, House 97B, Road 25, Block A, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - H Jahan
- WaterAid Bangladesh, House 97B, Road 25, Block A, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - J Bartram
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9D, UK.
| | - T Radu
- School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Scott S, Grossman S, Scott R. Should acrylic dentures be embedded with a radiopaque marker? Br Dent J 2023; 235:595. [PMID: 37891289 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Scott
- Torbay Hospital, Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Devon, UK.
| | - S Grossman
- Torbay Hospital, Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Devon, UK.
| | - R Scott
- Torbay Hospital, Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Devon, UK.
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McLain J, Gott M, Greene J, Scott R, Vondrasek R. Sputter sample preparation for ion beam delivery of radium-223 at ATLAS. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:063301. [PMID: 37862488 DOI: 10.1063/5.0137098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A radium-223 ion beam was delivered to an experiment from the electron cyclotron resonance ion source, ECR2, at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS). The radium-223 material was in a nitrate salt form within a vial, prior to being converted to a usable sputter sample. The sputter sample was produced using a new sample preparation method, where the radium nitrate was dissolved into a solution and pipetted onto pressed aluminum powder. This sample was then allowed to dry, distributing the radium-223 material throughout the sputter sample. Ion source operation using the radium sputter sample is described with the operating parameters listed. The intensity and energy requirements for this ion beam were 1 × 106 particles/s and 1.07 GeV, respectively. Because the intensity is relatively low compared to most experiments at ATLAS, previously developed accelerator mass spectrometry methods were used Scott et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 02A732 (2016)] to avoid the need for tuning of the low-intensity beam of interest. Handling of the radium material, as well as loading and unloading of the sputter sample from ECR2, required collaboration with Health Physics. Procedures were used and dry runs were carried out before, during, and after the experiment to ensure the safety of the workers. The processes used and lessons learned are described within.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McLain
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Gott
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Greene
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Scott
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Vondrasek
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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Kinoshita N, Paul M, Kashiv Y, Collon P, Deibel CM, DiGiovine B, Greene JP, Jiang CL, Marley ST, Pardo RC, Rehm KE, Robertson D, Scott R, Schmitt C, Tang XD, Vondrasek R, Yokoyama A. Retraction. Science 2023; 379:1307. [PMID: 36996231 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh7739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Kinoshita
- Shimizu Corporation Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Paul
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Kashiv
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - P Collon
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - C M Deibel
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - B DiGiovine
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J P Greene
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - C L Jiang
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - S T Marley
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R C Pardo
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - K E Rehm
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - D Robertson
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - R Scott
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - C Schmitt
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - X D Tang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - R Vondrasek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - A Yokoyama
- Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Walshe C, Pawłowski L, Shedel S, Vanderstichelen S, Bloomer MJ, Goossensen A, Limonero JT, Stoelen KS, Caraffa C, Pelttari L, Scott R. Understanding the role and deployment of volunteers within specialist palliative care services and organisations as they have adjusted to the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-national EAPC volunteer taskforce survey. Palliat Med 2023; 37:203-214. [PMID: 36428254 PMCID: PMC9705505 DOI: 10.1177/02692163221135349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early indications were of a major decline in specialist palliative care volunteer numbers during COVID-19. It is important that ongoing deployment and role of volunteers is understood, given the dependence of many palliative care services on volunteers for quality care provision. AIM To understand the roles and deployment of volunteers in specialist palliative care services as they have adjusted to the impact of COVID-19. DESIGN Observational multi-national study, using a cross-sectional online survey with closed and free-text option questions. Disseminated via social media, palliative care networks and key collaborators from May to July 2021. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Any specialist palliative care setting in any country, including hospices, day hospices, hospital based or community teams. The person responsible for managing the deployment of volunteers was invited to complete the survey. RESULTS Valid responses were received from 304 organisations (35 countries, 80.3% Europe). Most cared for adults only (60.9%), provided in-patient care (62.2%) and were non-profit (62.5%). 47.0% had cared for people with COVID-19. 47.7% changed the way they deployed volunteers; the mean number of active volunteers dropped from 203 per organisation to 33, and 70.7% reported a decrease in volunteers in direct patient/family facing roles. There was a shift to younger volunteers. 50.6% said this drop impacted care provision, increasing staff workload and pressure, decreasing patient support, and increasing patient isolation and loneliness. CONCLUSION The sustained reduction in volunteer deployment has impacted the provision of specialist palliative care. Urgent consideration must be given to the future of volunteering including virtual modes of delivery, micro-volunteering, and appealing to a younger demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Walshe
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Leszek Pawłowski
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Melissa J Bloomer
- Griffith University School of Nursing and Midwifery & Princess Alexandra Hospital Intensive Care Unit, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Joaquín T Limonero
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ros Scott
- University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Odetunde T, Sunny O, Scott R. Introduction of the Discharge Medicines Service (DMS) at acute NHS trust, does this go far enough? International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riac089.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The Discharge Medicines Service (DMS) is one of several initiatives being implemented as part of the NHS 5-year plan's second year to relieve the load on hospital Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments. The DMS service specification states that patients who are considered to be at risk of medication-related harm should be electronically referred by the NHS Trust to a pharmacy for assistance with their medications within 24-48 hours of being discharged from the hospital. NHS England and NHS Improvement made available £1.2 million to ensure NHS trusts have appropriate software and functionality to send referrals to community pharmacy, but the funding is not available to private providers responsible for community hospital services. However, for the DMS service to strengthen and improve medicine safety across the NHS, there is a need to involve community hospital services run by private providers.
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the medicines related risk for patients discharged from Caterham Dene Hospital (CDH), a community hospital service.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of patient discharge summaries was carried out to determine whether there were changes in the patient’s medication prior to being discharged from East Surrey Hospital (ESH) to CDH and then to their home. The medical records of (N=183) patients who were admitted to CDH from ESH between 1st June 2021 - 31st December 2021 were identified. 22 patients who were re-admitted to ESH through A&E and 2 patients whose discharge letter could not be found in their medical record or had missing information were excluded. Patients who were discharged to another care setting, e.g. a care home, were also excluded from this study. A data collection form was used, and the data were transferred to Microsoft Excel for descriptive statistical analysis. As a service evaluation, ethical approval was not required.
Results
A total of 159 patients’ medical records and discharge summaries were analysed, of whom 97% of patients had changes in their medication after admission to CDH. The most frequent changes were either having medication stopped because it was no longer required, or medication started due to new diagnosis. The top two commonly identified drug classes are laxatives and opioids. 40% of all medicines that were changed were appropriate for DMS referral on discharge from CDH.
Discussion/Conclusion
Although a small-scale study, the findings demonstrate that it is important for private providers of community hospital services, such as First Community, to be included to deliver the DMS referral service. Further investigation is recommended to explore whether similar results would be achieved in other community hospital services run by private providers. In response to the discharge data shared, Surrey Heartland Integrated Care System made available funds to roll out the DMS service to CDH. First Community is the only private provider currently delivering the DMS service and between mid-June and July 2022 a total of 10 patients have been referred.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O Sunny
- First Community Health and Care , UK
| | - R Scott
- First Community Health and Care , UK
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Fernandez G, Prastawa M, Scott R, Marami B, Shpalensky N, Madduri A, Cascetta K, Sawyer M, Chan M, Koll G, Malinowski D, De Angel R, Shtabsky A, Feliz A, Hansen T, Veremis B, Cordon-Cardo C, Zeineh J, Donovan M. Development and Validation of a Digital-Artificial Intelligent (AI) enabled Assay to predict early-stage breast cancer recurrence. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kodate N, Kohli P, McGinn C, Scott R, Ross E, Treusch P, Maeda Y, Donnelly S, Leonard C, Cogan L, Mannan H, O’Shea D, Obayashi K, Masuyama S. 43 EXPLORING STAFF PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TO CARE AND CAREBOTS: THE CASE OF AN ORIGINAL AIR-DISINFECTION ROBOT IN IRELAND. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The pandemic heightened the sense of security and safety in care settings, with cleanliness and infection control becoming an even more important aspect of care delivery. Although the impact of new welfare technology on health and social care has been discussed in recent years, few studies have reported the implementation processes or human-robot interactions in care facilities in different cultural settings. The aims of this interdisciplinary research therefore were to understand needs and aspects that have to be considered for implementing an assistive robot, and to explore user perceptions, and the process by which the robots are adopted in Ireland and Japan.
Methods
An original air-disinfection robot (V-Air) was developed by Akara Robotics, as part of research project “Harmonisation towards the establishment of Person-centred, Robotics-aided Care System” (Toyota Foundation, D18-ST-0005). Prior to its instalment in a rehabilitation centre in Dublin, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and observations carried out with seven care professionals, as they interacted with V-Air. The robot was then trialled for eight weeks (March-May 2022) in selected areas of the facility. After four weeks, the users filled out the System Usability Score and were asked questions at the end of the trial. Their scores and answers to the questions revealed staff perceptions and attitudes to care robots.
Results
Overall, the users had positive perceptions of V-Air and its usability. Initial differences existed in staff’s confidence levels, depending on prior experiences with technologies. Collective sensemaking was observed, particularly, around care delivery processes and robot functionalities. The adoption process was facilitated by several factors such as the timing of introduction, user-centred design, concept of care and organisational support.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that the introduction of care robots in care settings can offer an additional layer of organisational safety, while highlighting the significance of the iterative process in adopting assistive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kodate
- University College Dublin School of Social Policy, Social Work and Social Justice, , Dublin, Ireland
- Universal Accessibility & Ageing Research Centre , Nishitokyo, Japan
- Hokkaido University Public Policy Research Center, , Sapporo, Japan
- L’École des Hautes Etudes En Sciences Sociales, Fondation France Japon , Paris, France
- University of Tokyo Institute for Future Initiatives, , Tokyo, Japan
| | - P Kohli
- Maynooth University Department of Sociology, , Maynooth, Ireland
| | - C McGinn
- Trinity College Dublin Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering, , Dublin, Ireland
- Akara Robotics , Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Scott
- Akara Robotics , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Ross
- Royal Hospital Donnybrook , Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Treusch
- Trinity College Dublin Trinity Long Room Hub, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Y Maeda
- Technological University Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Donnelly
- University College Dublin School of Social Policy, Social Work and Social Justice, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Leonard
- Royal Hospital Donnybrook , Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Cogan
- Royal Hospital Donnybrook , Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Mannan
- University College Dublin School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health System, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - D O’Shea
- St. Vincent’s University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Obayashi
- Nihon Fukushi University Faculty of Healthcare Management, , Mihama, Japan
- Social Welfare Corporation Tokyo Seishin-kai , Nishitokyo, Japan
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Arbour G, Perreault S, Prudhomme N, Teira P, Scott R, Nguyen C. P.216 Two interesting and unique cases of acquired neuropathies in pediatrics. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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González Martín R, Palomar A, Zuckerman C, Whitehead C, Quiñonero A, Scott R, Domínguez F. P-670 Phytoestrogen concentration in women’s urine and follicular fluid are associated with better IVF outcomes in euploid single embryo transfer cycles. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
What is phytoestrogen exposure impact on the reproductive outcomes of women undergoing IVF treatment?
Summary answer
Increased urinary and follicular fluid phytoestrogen concentration were associated with better IVF outcomes.
What is known already
The impact and safety of phytoestrogens, plant-derived isoflavones with estrogenic activity predominantly present in soy, on female reproductive health and on IVF outcomes continues to be hotly debated. Numerous studies suggest healthy benefits of phytoestrogen consumption: protection against reprotoxic substances, reductions in breast and other cancers, fibroids, menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome and obesity. However, many studies suggest a harmful effect due to the endocrine-disruptor properties of phytoestrogens in both male and female reproductive tissues. Its impact on IVF treatments success is still understudied.
Study design, size, duration
60 women attending IVI-RMA New Jersey undergoing IVF with single-embryo transfer (SET) of euploid good-quality blastocyst after PGT analysis were recruited. Patients underwent PGT-SET cycles following standard protocols. Concentrations of two phytoestrogens (daidzein and genistein) were measured in follicular fluid (FF) and urine collected at oocyte pick-up (UOP) and urine collected at transfer day (UT). These measurements were correlated with IVF clinical outcomes.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Participants were aged 18-42 years old 18.5-29.9 kg/m2 BMI. Measure of both phytoestrogens’ concentration in follicular fluid and urine samples collected at two different time-points was performed by UPLC-MSMS, with internal standards. Urine phytoestrogen concentrations were normalized by creatinine, measured by Jaffe reaction. Generalized linear models were employed to explore IVF outcomes association, estimated as percentile 20th to 80th increase (95% confidence intervals), among log-transformed phytoestrogen concentration. Both unadjusted and age-BMI-adjusted models were applied.
Main results and the role of chance
In fully adjusted models, higher sum of phytoestrogen concentration in follicular fluid (FF) were significantly associated with higher estradiol at hCG [1.31 (1.04, 1.65), p = 0.023]; whereas the sum of creatinine-corrected phytoestrogens measured in oocyte pick-up urine (UOP) were significantly associated with higher MII oocytes number [1.29 (1.07, 1.56), p = 0.008] and higher fertilized oocytes number [1.34 (1.10, 1.64), p = 0. 004]. Regarding clinical IVF outcomes, in fully adjusted models a higher follicular fluid and oocyte pick-up urine phytoestrogens concentration was significantly associated with higher implantation ratio [8.60 (1.09, 68.03), p = 0. 023] for FF, and [5.01 (0.96, 26.21), p = 0. 05] for UOP; higher clinical pregnancies ratio [5.58 (1.31, 23.73), p = 0.017] for FF, and [3.25 (0.99, 10.63), p = 0.045] for UOP; higher live newborns ratio [5.58 (1.31, 23.73), p = 0.017] for FF, and [3.25 (0.99, 10.63), p = 0.045] for UOP; and higher number of women with live newborns among those who started treatment [4.29 (1.28, 14.38), p = 0.016] for FF, and [2.83 (0.99, 8.07), p = 0.047] for UOP.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Further studies are needed to confirm this association in other populations, including the measurement of other estrogenic isoflavones and its metabolites.
Wider implications of the findings
This is the first work evaluating the association between phytoestrogens concentrations in different biofluids and IVF reproductive outcomes. Our results, using an euploid SET, suggest a beneficial effect of phytoestrogen consumption in women undergoing IVF treatment, further studies are needed to assess the benefit of phytoestrogen supplementation on IVF outcomes.
Trial registration number
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Palomar
- IVI Foundation-RMA Global , Research, Valencia, Spain
- IIS La Fe, Reproductive Medicine , Valencia, Spain
| | - C Zuckerman
- IVI/RMA New Jersey, Center for Clinical Research , Basking Ridge, U.S.A
| | - C Whitehead
- IVI/RMA New Jersey, Center for Clinical Research , Basking Ridge, U.S.A
| | - A Quiñonero
- IVI Foundation-RMA Global , Research, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Scott
- IVI/RMA New Jersey, Center for Clinical Research , Basking Ridge, U.S.A
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine , Philadelphia, U.S.A
| | - F Domínguez
- IVI Foundation-RMA Global , Research, Valencia, Spain
- IIS La Fe, Reproductive Medicine , Valencia, Spain
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Scott R, Mora M, Saloio J, Cushman J, Sakurada R, Kumar K, Lipkens B, Tostoes R. Process Development and Manufacturing: THE EKKO™ AND EKKO™ SELECT: ACOUSTIC-BASED CLOSED AND AUTOMATED SYSTEMS FOR CELL AND GENE THERAPY CGMP MANUFACTURING. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kettemer LE, Biastoch A, Wagner P, Coombs EJ, Penrose R, Scott R. Oceanic drivers of juvenile sea turtle strandings in the UK. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Scott R, Oliver N, Thomas M, Agha-Jaffar R. Pregnancy and contraception in women with Pre-Gestational diabetes in secondary Care- A questionnaire study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 182:109124. [PMID: 34740741 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To establish the knowledge of women with pre-gestational diabetes about of the risks of diabetes in pregnancy, and investigate their pregnancy plans, contraceptive choices, and preparedness for pregnancy. METHODS Women of reproductive age attending diabetes clinics across a single busy metropolitan NHS Trust were invited to fill in a questionnaire about pregnancy and contraception. The electronic health records of those women were also reviewed. RESULTS Ninety-six women completed the questionnaire. The majority of respondents (94%) had Type 1 Diabetes. Only 3% of women met the criteria of 'prepared for pregnancy'. Low efficacy contraception was used by 32% of women. Most women were only aware of a few risks to the mother and fetus in pregnancy, though the majority of women were aware of the importance of good glycaemic control before pregnancy. Previous pregnancies, or attendance at pre-conception counselling, did not improve participant knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Many women with diabetes of reproductive age are poorly prepared for pregnancy, but many are also using less effective contraceptive methods. These areas should be addressed if the poor pregnancy outcome in women with diabetes are to be improved, possibly through the development of an evidenced-based structured education course to target pre-conception and contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, England; Faculty of Medicine, 10(th) Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, England.
| | - N Oliver
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, England; Faculty of Medicine, 10(th) Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, England.
| | - M Thomas
- Faculty of Medicine, 10(th) Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, England
| | - R Agha-Jaffar
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, England; Faculty of Medicine, 10(th) Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, England.
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14
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Scott R, Parker H, Mccartney S, Harrow P, Williams D, Giles I. Outcomes following biosimilar TNF inhibitors use for inflammatory-mediated immune disorders in pregnancy. Obstet Med 2021; 15:104-107. [PMID: 35845229 PMCID: PMC9277732 DOI: 10.1177/1753495x211028779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biosimilar tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) are increasingly used to
treat inflammatory immune-mediated disorders as they cost less than the
originator biologic drug. More women are therefore becoming pregnant on
biosimilar TNFi. This is the first paper to explore the safety and efficacy
of biosimilar therapies in pregnancy. Methods A retrospective review of clinical data reviewed pregnancy outcomes and
inflammatory disease activity in 18 pregnancies where the mother was using a
biosimilar TNFi at conception. Results Biosimilar therapy was not associated with congenital abnormalities, preterm
birth or other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Stopping biosimilar TNFi in
pregnancy was associated with childbirth at an earlier gestation, as well as
a flare of inflammatory disease in pregnancy or post-partum. Conclusions Women and clinicians should feel confident in using biosimilar TNFi in early
pregnancy, and continuing them through pregnancy to prevent flares in late
pregnancy or the early post-partum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott
- Department of Obstetrics, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - H Parker
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Mccartney
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P Harrow
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Williams
- Department of Obstetrics, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- The Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - I Giles
- Department for Rheumatology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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15
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Doyle J, McCain S, Scott R, Love M. AXIOS STENTS: TRANSFORMING THE MANAGEMENT OF PANCREATIC FLUID COLLECTIONS. Ulster Med J 2021; 90:192. [PMID: 34815600 PMCID: PMC8581693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Doyle
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - S McCain
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - R Scott
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - M Love
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
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16
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Vanderstichelen S, Pelttari L, Scott R. Evaluating the EAPC Madrid Charter on volunteering in hospice and palliative care: Reflections on impact. Progress in Palliative Care 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09699260.2021.1964678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vanderstichelen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), End-of-Life Care Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Compassionate Communities Center of Expertise (COCO), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ros Scott
- School of Education and Social Work, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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17
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Gunner RM, Wilson RP, Holton MD, Scott R, Arkwright A, Fahlman A, Ulrich M, Hopkins P, Duarte C, Eizaguirre C. Activity of loggerhead turtles during the U-shaped dive: insights using angular velocity metrics. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the behavioural ecology of endangered taxa can inform conservation strategies. The activity budgets of the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta are still poorly understood because many tracking methods show only horizontal displacement and ignore dives and associated behaviours. However, time-depth recorders have enabled researchers to identify flat, U-shaped dives (or type 1a dives) and these are conventionally labelled as resting dives on the seabed because they involve no vertical displacement of the animal. Video- and acceleration-based studies have demonstrated this is not always true. Focusing on sea turtles nesting on the Cabo Verde archipelago, we describe a new metric derived from magnetometer data, absolute angular velocity, that integrates indices of angular rotation in the horizontal plane to infer activity. Using this metric, we evaluated the variation in putative resting behaviours during the bottom phase of type 1a dives for 5 individuals over 13 to 17 d at sea during a single inter-nesting interval (over 75 turtle d in total). We defined absolute resting within the bottom phase of type 1a dives as periods with no discernible acceleration or angular movement. Whilst absolute resting constituted a significant proportion of each turtle’s time budget for this 1a dive type, turtles allocated 16-38% of their bottom time to activity, with many dives being episodic, comprised of intermittent bouts of rest and rotational activity. This implies that previously considered resting behaviours are complex and need to be accounted for in energy budgets, particularly since energy budgets may impact conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- RM Gunner
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - RP Wilson
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - MD Holton
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R Scott
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Natural Environmental Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1FL, UK
| | - A Arkwright
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- L’Oceanogràfic, Ciutat de les Arts i de les Ciències, Carrer d’Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 1B, 46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Fahlman
- L’Oceanogràfic, Ciutat de les Arts i de les Ciències, Carrer d’Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 1B, 46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Ulrich
- Institutionen för fysik kemi och biologi (IFM), Linköping Universitet, Olaus Magnus väg, 583 30 Linköping, Sweden
| | - P Hopkins
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - C Duarte
- Red Sea Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Eizaguirre
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E35SA, UK
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18
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Kosmicki JA, Horowitz JE, Banerjee N, Lanche R, Marcketta A, Maxwell E, Bai X, Sun D, Backman JD, Sharma D, Kang HM, O'Dushlaine C, Yadav A, Mansfield AJ, Li AH, Watanabe K, Gurski L, McCarthy SE, Locke AE, Khalid S, O'Keeffe S, Mbatchou J, Chazara O, Huang Y, Kvikstad E, O'Neill A, Nioi P, Parker MM, Petrovski S, Runz H, Szustakowski JD, Wang Q, Wong E, Cordova-Palomera A, Smith EN, Szalma S, Zheng X, Esmaeeli S, Davis JW, Lai YP, Chen X, Justice AE, Leader JB, Mirshahi T, Carey DJ, Verma A, Sirugo G, Ritchie MD, Rader DJ, Povysil G, Goldstein DB, Kiryluk K, Pairo-Castineira E, Rawlik K, Pasko D, Walker S, Meynert A, Kousathanas A, Moutsianas L, Tenesa A, Caulfield M, Scott R, Wilson JF, Baillie JK, Butler-Laporte G, Nakanishi T, Lathrop M, Richards JB, Jones M, Balasubramanian S, Salerno W, Shuldiner AR, Marchini J, Overton JD, Habegger L, Cantor MN, Reid JG, Baras A, Abecasis GR, Ferreira MA. A catalog of associations between rare coding variants and COVID-19 outcomes. medRxiv 2021:2020.10.28.20221804. [PMID: 33655273 PMCID: PMC7924298 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.28.20221804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a respiratory illness that can result in hospitalization or death. We investigated associations between rare genetic variants and seven COVID-19 outcomes in 543,213 individuals, including 8,248 with COVID-19. After accounting for multiple testing, we did not identify any clear associations with rare variants either exome-wide or when specifically focusing on (i) 14 interferon pathway genes in which rare deleterious variants have been reported in severe COVID-19 patients; (ii) 167 genes located in COVID-19 GWAS risk loci; or (iii) 32 additional genes of immunologic relevance and/or therapeutic potential. Our analyses indicate there are no significant associations with rare protein-coding variants with detectable effect sizes at our current sample sizes. Analyses will be updated as additional data become available, with results publicly browsable at https://rgc-covid19.regeneron.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kosmicki
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - J E Horowitz
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - N Banerjee
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - R Lanche
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - A Marcketta
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - E Maxwell
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - X Bai
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - D Sun
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - J D Backman
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - D Sharma
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - H M Kang
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - C O'Dushlaine
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - A Yadav
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - A J Mansfield
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - A H Li
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - K Watanabe
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - L Gurski
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - S E McCarthy
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - A E Locke
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - S Khalid
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - S O'Keeffe
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - J Mbatchou
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - O Chazara
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Y Huang
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - E Kvikstad
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - A O'Neill
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - P Nioi
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - M M Parker
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675 West Kendall St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - S Petrovski
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - H Runz
- Biogen, 300 Binney St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - J D Szustakowski
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Q Wang
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - E Wong
- Biogen, 300 Binney St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - E N Smith
- Takeda California Inc., 9625 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - S Szalma
- Takeda California Inc., 9625 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - X Zheng
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - S Esmaeeli
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - J W Davis
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Y-P Lai
- Pfizer, Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - X Chen
- Pfizer, Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - A Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - G Sirugo
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - D J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - G Povysil
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - D B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - K Kiryluk
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E Pairo-Castineira
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - K Rawlik
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - D Pasko
- Genomics England, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - S Walker
- Genomics England, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - A Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | | | - A Tenesa
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - M Caulfield
- Genomics England, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - R Scott
- Genomics England, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - J F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - J K Baillie
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 54 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 5SA, UK
| | - G Butler-Laporte
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - T Nakanishi
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - M Lathrop
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - J B Richards
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Twins Research, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - M Jones
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - W Salerno
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - A R Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - J Marchini
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - J D Overton
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - L Habegger
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - M N Cantor
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - J G Reid
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - A Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - G R Abecasis
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - M A Ferreira
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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19
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Boella E, Bingham R, Cairns RA, Norreys P, Trines R, Scott R, Vranic M, Shukla N, Silva LO. Collisionless shock acceleration in the corona of an inertial confinement fusion pellet with possible application to ion fast ignition. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200039. [PMID: 33280562 PMCID: PMC7741008 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are used to explore collisionless shock acceleration in the corona plasma surrounding the compressed core of an inertial confinement fusion pellet. We show that an intense laser pulse interacting with the long scale-length plasma corona is able to launch a collisionless shock around the critical density. The nonlinear wave travels up-ramp through the plasma reflecting and accelerating the background ions. Our results suggest that protons with characteristics suitable for ion fast ignition may be achieved in this way. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Boella
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
- The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - R. Bingham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - R. A. Cairns
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - P. Norreys
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R. Trines
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - R. Scott
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - M. Vranic
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N. Shukla
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L. O. Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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20
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Watts G, Schwabe C, Scott R, Gladding P, Sullivan D, Baker J, Clifton P, Hamilton J, Given B, San Martin J, Melquist S, Knowles J, Goldberg I, Hegele R, Ballantyne C. RNAi inhibition of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) with ARO-ANG3 mimics the lipid and lipoprotein profile of familial combined hypolipidemia. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Elevated LDL-C and triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRLs) are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Genetic deficiency of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is associated with reduced circulating levels of LDL-C, triglycerides (TGs), VLDL-C, HDL-C and reduced CVD risk, with no described adverse phenotype. ARO-ANG3 is a RNA interference drug designed to silence expression of ANGPTL3. Single doses of ARO-ANG3 have been shown to reduce ANGPTL3, TGs, VLDL-C and LDL-C in healthy volunteers (HVs, AHA 2019). We report the effects of multiple doses of ARO-ANG3 in HVs with a focus on the duration of action.
Methods
ARO-ANG3 was administered subcutaneously to HVs on days 1 and 29 at doses of 100, 200 or 300 mg (n=4 per group). Measured parameters included ANGPTL3, LDL-C, TGs, VLDL-C and HDL-C. Follow up is ongoing.
Results
All HVs have received both doses and follow-up is currently through week 16 (12 weeks after second dose). Mean nadir for ANGPTL3 levels occurred 2 weeks after the second dose (−83–93%) with minimal change for 200 and 300 mg but 16% recovery for 100 mg at week 16. Mean TGs and VLDL-C reached nadir earlier (3 wks, −61–65%) without apparent dose response and minimal change for any dose at wk 16. LDL-C nadir occurred 4–6 wks after the second dose (−45–54%), again with minimal evidence for dose response or change through wk 16. HDL-C was reduced 14–37% at wk 16. ARO-ANG3 was well tolerated without serious or severe adverse events or dropouts related to drug. The most common adverse events have been headache and upper respiratory infections.
Conclusions
Genetic deficiency of ANGPTL3 is a cause of familial combined hypolipemia and is associated with a decreased risk of CVD. Using RNAi to selectively suppress ANGPTL3 production reproduces these genetic effects with a duration of at least 12 weeks following a second dose and with good tolerability over 16 wks. ANGPTL3 inhibition results in lowering of LDL-C and TRLs which may confer protection against CVD in patients with atherogenic mixed dyslipidemia.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals
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Affiliation(s)
- G.F Watts
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - C Schwabe
- Auckland Clinical Studies, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Scott
- Christchurch Diabetes Centre, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - P Gladding
- Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D Sullivan
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Baker
- Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Clifton
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J Hamilton
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - B Given
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - J San Martin
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - S Melquist
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - J.W Knowles
- School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | - I Goldberg
- NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York City, United States of America
| | - R Hegele
- University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - C Ballantyne
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
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21
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Schwabe C, Scott R, Sullivan D, Baker J, Clifton P, Hamilton J, Given B, San Martin J, Melquist S, Watts G, Goldberg I, Knowles J, Hegele R, Ballantyne C. RNA interference targeting apolipoprotein C-III with ARO-APOC3 in healthy volunteers mimics lipid and lipoprotein findings seen in subjects with inherited apolipoprotein C-III deficiency. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Individuals with triglycerides (TGs) ≥1,000 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) are at increased risk of acute pancreatitis. Genetic studies indicate that individuals with apolipoprotein C-3 (APOC3) loss-of-function mutations have low TGs, reduced cardiovascular risk and no observed adverse phenotype. RNA interference (RNAi) with ARO-APOC3 has shown deep and durable knockdown (KD) of APOC3 after single doses in healthy volunteers (HVs, presented at AHA 2019) with good tolerability. We report here initial results using multiple doses of ARO-APOC3 to silence APOC3 expression in HVs.
Methods
ARO-APOC3 was administered subcutaneously to HVs on days 1 and 29 at doses of 10, 25 or 50 mg (n=4 per group). Measured parameters included plasma concentrations of APOC3, LDL-C, TGs, VLDL-C and HDL-C.
Results
All HVs have received both doses and follow-up for most parameters is available through week (wk) 14 (10 wks after second dose) for the 10 and 25 mg doses and through wk 10 for 50 mg. Mean nadir for APOC3 levels occurred at wk 3 for 10 mg (−73%) and remained similar at wk 10 (−66%), at wk 6 for 25 mg (−90%) with no change at wk 10 and at wk 2 for 50 mg (−94%) unchanged at wk 8. TGs fell faster in the 50 mg group (wk 1: 10 mg −41%; 25 mg −47%; 50 mg −72%). By wk 6 the 25 and 50 mg results were similar (−68% and −74%, respectively) and remained similar through wk 14. 10 mg was less active with a nadir of −56% and mean reductions between 42% and 56% post-nadir. VLDL-C values mirrored TGs. LDL-C reductions were more modest and did not manifest a dose response. Mean nadirs (−23–26%) occurred 4–6 wks after the first dose, again with minimal change through 10–14 wks of follow-up. Consistent with genetic studies, HDL-C increased to a maximum at approximately wk 8 (10 mg +42%, 25 mg +48%, 50 mg +84%). ARO-APOC3 was well tolerated without serious or severe adverse events or dropouts related to drug. The most common adverse events were mild injection site AEs and headache.
Conclusions
Genetic deficiency of APOC3 is associated with substantial reductions in TGs, VLDL-C and increases in HDL-C without an adverse phenotype. Using RNAi to selectively suppress APOC3 production mimics these lipid and lipoprotein effects, with a duration of at least 10 weeks following a second dose and with good tolerability over 16 wks using doses ranging from 10 to 50 mg. Investigation of optimal dosing regimen is ongoing, especially with respect to dosing interval. This therapeutic approach has potential for treating patients with chylomicronemia at risk of pancreatitis.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schwabe
- Auckland Clinical Studies, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Scott
- Christchurch Diabetes Centre, Diabetes Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D Sullivan
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New Zealand
| | - J Baker
- Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Clifton
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J Hamilton
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - B Given
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - J San Martin
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - S Melquist
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - G.F Watts
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - I Goldberg
- NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York City, United States of America
| | - J.W Knowles
- School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | - R Hegele
- University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - C Ballantyne
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
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Neal S, Morin S, Werner M, Gueye NA, Pirtea P, Patounakis G, Scott R, Goodman L. Three-dimensional ultrasound diagnosis of adenomyosis is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcome following single thawed euploid blastocyst transfer: prospective cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:611-617. [PMID: 32349167 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the prevalence of ultrasound (US) features of adenomyosis in an infertile population undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF), (2) to define the inter- and intrarater agreement of three-dimensional (3D) US assessment of adenomyosis, and (3) to evaluate sonographic features of adenomyosis with respect to pregnancy outcome following transfer of a single thawed euploid blastocyst. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study. Subjects scheduled to undergo a single thawed euploid blastocyst transfer between April and December 2017 at a large IVF center were eligible for inclusion. Enrolled subjects underwent endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer. 3D-US was performed on the day prior to embryo transfer, with images stored for subsequent evaluation. Subjects then underwent transfer of a single thawed euploid blastocyst, and pregnancy outcomes were collected. All 3D-US volumes were de-identified and reviewed independently by five reproductive endocrinologists/infertility specialists with expertise in gynecological US for the presence of seven sonographic features of adenomyosis: global uterine enlargement, myometrial wall asymmetry, heterogeneous echogenicity, irregular junctional zone, myometrial cysts, fan-shaped shadowing and ill-defined myometrial lesions. Adenomyosis was considered to be present if the majority of the reviewers noted at least one of the seven sonographic features. Inter- and intrarater agreement was evaluated using Fleiss's kappa. Clinical and cycle characteristics of subjects with and those without adenomyosis were compared. The primary outcome of interest was live birth rate. Secondary outcomes included clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. Logistic regression analysis was performed to account for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 648 subjects were included. The prevalence of adenomyosis on US was 15.3% (99/648). On retrospective chart review, very few patients with adenomyosis had symptoms. The inter- and intrarater agreement amongst five independent specialists conducting the 3D-US assessments of adenomyosis were poor (κ = 0.23) and moderate (κ = 0.58), respectively. Subjects with adenomyosis were older (37.1 vs 35.9 years, P = 0.02) and more likely to undergo a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist downregulation protocol when compared with those without adenomyosis (12.1% vs 5.1%, P = 0.02). Clinical pregnancy (80.0% vs 75.0%) and live birth (69.5% vs 66.5%) rates were similar between the groups. When adjusting for potential confounders, there was no difference in the rate of clinical pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.47 (95% CI, 0.85-2.56)), miscarriage (aOR, 1.3 (95% CI, 0.62-2.72)) or live birth (aOR, 1.28 (95% CI, 0.78-2.08)) between subjects with and those without adenomyosis. No individual sonographic marker of adenomyosis was predictive of pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSIONS The inter-rater agreement of 3D-US assessment of adenomyosis is poor. Furthermore, sonographic markers of adenomyosis in asymptomatic patients may not be associated with altered pregnancy outcome following transfer of a single thawed euploid blastocyst. These findings suggest that routine screening for asymptomatic adenomyosis in an unselected infertile patient population undergoing frozen embryo transfer may not be warranted. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Neal
- IVI/RMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA
| | - S Morin
- IVI/RMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA
| | - M Werner
- IVI/RMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA
| | - N-A Gueye
- IVI/RMA Pennsylvania, Lehigh Valley, PA, USA
| | - P Pirtea
- IVI/RMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA
| | | | - R Scott
- IVI/RMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge, NJ, USA
| | - L Goodman
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Scott R, Goossensen A, Payne S, Pelttari L. What it means to be a palliative care volunteer in eight European countries: a qualitative analysis of accounts of volunteering. Scand J Caring Sci 2020; 35:170-177. [PMID: 32141643 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper addresses the stories of volunteers in hospice and palliative care (HPC) from eight European countries. The aims of the paper are to explore the experiences of volunteers in HPC from their insider perspective, to understand why volunteers choose to work in this field and to understand what it means to them to be involved in palliative care in this way. Stories were collected by the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) Task Force for Volunteering contacts in each of the eight countries. The majority of stories (n = 32) came from volunteers involved in different settings including adult patient's homes, hospices, hospitals and care homes. Twenty volunteers were female, six were male, and ten did not give their gender. Stories were translated into English, and a qualitative framework analysis was performed. Volunteers were asked two questions: 'What do you do as a volunteer?' 'What does volunteering mean to you?' Three themes were identified from the data: (i) What volunteers do (ii) How volunteers approach their work and (iii) What working in HPC means to volunteers. The analysis revealed that common approaches to addressing and describing HPC volunteering in terms of tasks and roles could be expanded. To volunteers, it is not about tasks, but about a part of their life, the impact upon which can be significant. The results of this paper, therefore, add to the understanding of volunteers, in the sense of giving attention, being with, and of compassion as a community resource to patients and families in difficult situations. Theories about presence and presencing might have value in further underpinning this contribution to palliative care. Understanding the extent and depth of the volunteers' experience will help to prevent the undervaluing of their contribution and increase the impact of their involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ros Scott
- School of Education and Social Work, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anne Goossensen
- Informal Care and Care Ethics, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sheila Payne
- International Observatory on End of Life Care, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Furness College, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Kondrashev S, Beebe E, Kanesue T, Okamura M, Ritter J, Scott R. Design of target irradiation and diagnostic chamber to study ps-laser generated plasma as a source of singly charged ions for external injection into an electron beam ion source. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:023320. [PMID: 32113381 DOI: 10.1063/1.5127833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High repetition-rate (∼10 kHz) ps-lasers are becoming available on the market with reasonable cost and may offer several advantages compared to ns-lasers by generating nearly continuous beams of singly charged ions appropriate for the "slow" injection mode into the Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS). To evaluate these advantages, we will perform studies of a ps-laser generated plasma using a laser with a pulse duration of 8 ps and energy up to 5 mJ per pulse. A vacuum chamber equipped with a 3D target positioner, a focusing lens, and a Faraday Cup has been designed and built for this study. Lens-to-target distance variations have been measured using a laser tracker over the whole range of horizontal and vertical translation for all five targets we will use. The variations were found to be within ±150 µm. This degree of "target flatness" should be acceptable for our experimental conditions. Ion currents and ion pulse durations of various elements (from Al to Ta) will be measured for different target irradiation conditions (focal spot size and laser pulse energy). The results obtained will allow us to specify all parameters and geometry of a laser ion source based on a ps-laser to provide external ion injection into the relativistic heavy ion collider EBIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kondrashev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - E Beebe
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T Kanesue
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Okamura
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Ritter
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Scott
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Davis T, Singh J, Lance JG, Latiolais L, Kevil C, Bodily J, Sapp M, Scott R, Weinberger P, Vanchiere J, Arnold C. COVID-19 Community Testing In Rural Areas: A Partnership between an Academic Medical Center and Community Clinics. J Community Med Health Educ 2020; 10:686. [PMID: 35573826 PMCID: PMC9106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Davis
- Department of Medicine, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - J Singh
- Department of Medicine, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - JG Lance
- Department of Medicine, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - L Latiolais
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - C Kevil
- Department of Pathology, School of Graduate Studies, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - J Bodily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - M Sapp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - R Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - P Weinberger
- Department of Otolaryngology, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - J Vanchiere
- Department of Pediatrics, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - C Arnold
- Department of Medicine, LSU Health - Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA,Corresponding author: Connie Arnold, Department of Medicine, LSU Health-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA, Tel: 3186754324;
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Scott R, Ellis L, Khanom A, Rhydderch M, Richardson G, Russell D, Russell I, Snooks H. Health experiences of asylum seekers and refugees in Wales. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There are concerns that people seeking sanctuary (asylum seekers and refugees) in Wales, UK, have unmet health needs and face difficulties accessing services, but little collated evidence. This study addressed this gap to inform policy and practice in reducing health inequities. It aimed to: investigate the health, wellbeing and healthcare experiences of adults seeking sanctuary in Wales, including the views of healthcare recipients and providers; and establish what helped or hindered the healthcare experiences of those seeking sanctuary. It is the most comprehensive study of this population in Wales.
A mixed-method approach was taken, including a literature search, a cross-sectional survey of 210 adults seeking sanctuary, telephone interviews with 32 health professionals and third sector support workers, and 8 focus groups including 57 people seeking sanctuary and those supporting them.
Eight trained volunteer peer researchers, themselves asylum seekers or refugees, administered the surveys. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed using a standard framework.
The literature search identified 5 themes that help or hinder people seeking sanctuary to access healthcare. The survey found 79% of respondents attended an initial health assessment on arriving in Wales, with 94% currently registered with Primary healthcare. 64% reported difficulties in accessing health services. Awareness of services was mixed, with 66% having used healthcare in working hours (planned) and 28% out of hours (unplanned).
Mainstream health professionals felt they lack capacity to deliver care effectively due to time and other pressures on the healthcare system and the need for appropriate translation/interpretation services.
This study triangulates the experiences of people seeking sanctuary with those providing healthcare and general support. Peer researchers maximised sanctuary seekers’ participation. Many of its methods and findings have relevance to other countries in Europe.
Key messages
Improving health equity is key to realising Wales’ ambition to become a Nation of Sanctuary. Peer Researchers enabled participation by sanctuary seekers and revealed useful findings to steer future policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott
- Policy & International Health, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - L Ellis
- Policy & International Health, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Khanom
- Patient and Population Health and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M Rhydderch
- Displaced People in Action, Displaced People in Action, Cardiff, UK
| | - G Richardson
- Policy & International Health, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Russell
- Patient and Population Health and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - I Russell
- Patient and Population Health and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - H Snooks
- Patient and Population Health and Informatics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Scott R, Goulden T, Letman M, Hayward J, Jamieson R. Long-term evaluation of the impact of urbanization on chloride levels in lakes in a temperate region. J Environ Manage 2019; 244:285-293. [PMID: 31128333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of road salts for winter de-icing of roadways in cold regions has been demonstrated to increase chloride (Cl) concentrations in nearby surface waters and have a negative impact on aquatic organisms and processes. In addition to toxicity to aquatic organisms, high concentrations of Cl in lakes can alter mixing processes, resulting in prolonged anoxic conditions and associated water quality degradation. Elevated concentrations of Cl in freshwater environments in cold regions is a well-documented phenomenon, but few studies have undertaken a long-term evaluation of the impact of urbanization on lakes. In this paper, nine lakes in the Halifax region of Nova Scotia, Canada, were monitored over 35 years to observe Cl concentrations prior to, during, and after urbanizing development. Cl concentrations were observed to increase in most study lakes over the monitoring period and all nine exhibited seasonal trending in response to winter de-icing activities. Six of the lakes achieved a steady-state Cl level after an initial increase in response to development activities, two are potentially still in transition, and one was unaffected by development activities. Watershed land use was found to be a good predictor of the springtime concentration of Cl and can help to inform decision-making surrounding development activities. When the percent of developed land was 25% or more, the Cl concentrations tended to exceed Canadian freshwater quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - T Goulden
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - M Letman
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - J Hayward
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - R Jamieson
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Scott R, Muller S, Boddana P, SINGH A. MON-048 A new report of glomerulonephritis associated with the use of Talimogene laherparepvec immunotherapy. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Cao J, Waldman B, O’Connell R, Sullivan D, Gebski V, Marschner I, Scott R, Taskinen M, Simes J, McGill N, Jenkins A, Keech A. Baseline and Short-Term Change in Plasma Uric Acid on Fenofibrate Predict Cardiovascular Risk: A Post Hoc Analysis of FIELD. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shah M, Paulson D, Bassett R, Herring D, Scott R, Herrera M, James N. PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE FOR A FEASIBLE DEMENTIA CAREGIVER SUPPORT GROUP IN A PRIMARY CARE SETTING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Shah
- University of Central Florida
| | | | | | | | - R Scott
- University of Central Florida
| | | | - N James
- University of Central Florida
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Scott R, Paulson D, Camacho S. VALIDATION OF THE PAULSON-LICHTENBERG FRAILTY INDEX AGAINST THE DEFICIT ACCUMULATION MODEL. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Scott
- University of Central Florida
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Vondrasek RC, Dickerson CA, Hendricks M, Ostroumov P, Pardo R, Savard G, Scott R, Zinkann G. Erratum: "Charge breeding of radioactive isotopes at the CARIBU facility with an electron beam ion source" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 052402 (2018)]. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:109901. [PMID: 30399764 DOI: 10.1063/1.5063798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R C Vondrasek
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C A Dickerson
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Hendricks
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Ostroumov
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R Pardo
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G Savard
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Scott
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G Zinkann
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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Brant A, Dhillon P, Hull S, Coleman M, Ye P, Lotke P, Folan J, Alintah P, Scott R. Integration of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services with family planning services: an evaluation using the RE-AIM framework. Contraception 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tessler M, Paul M, Halfon S, Meyer BS, Pardo R, Purtschert R, Rehm KE, Scott R, Weigand M, Weissman L, Almaraz-Calderon S, Avila ML, Baggenstos D, Collon P, Hazenshprung N, Kashiv Y, Kijel D, Kreisel A, Reifarth R, Santiago-Gonzalez D, Shor A, Silverman I, Talwar R, Veltum D, Vondrasek R. Stellar ^{36,38}Ar(n,γ)^{37,39}Ar Reactions and Their Effect on Light Neutron-Rich Nuclide Synthesis. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:112701. [PMID: 30265109 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ^{36}Ar(n,γ)^{37}Ar (t_{1/2}=35 d) and ^{38}Ar(n,γ)^{39}Ar (269 yr) reactions were studied for the first time with a quasi-Maxwellian (kT∼47 keV) neutron flux for Maxwellian average cross section (MACS) measurements at stellar energies. Gas samples were irradiated at the high-intensity Soreq applied research accelerator facility-liquid-lithium target neutron source and the ^{37}Ar/^{36}Ar and ^{39}Ar/^{38}Ar ratios in the activated samples were determined by accelerator mass spectrometry at the ATLAS facility (Argonne National Laboratory). The ^{37}Ar activity was also measured by low-level counting at the University of Bern. Experimental MACS of ^{36}Ar and ^{38}Ar, corrected to the standard 30 keV thermal energy, are 1.9(3) and 1.3(2) mb, respectively, differing from the theoretical and evaluated values published to date by up to an order of magnitude. The neutron-capture cross sections of ^{36,38}Ar are relevant to the stellar nucleosynthesis of light neutron-rich nuclides; the two experimental values are shown to affect the calculated mass fraction of nuclides in the region A=36-48 during the weak s process. The new production cross sections have implications also for the use of ^{37}Ar and ^{39}Ar as environmental tracers in the atmosphere and hydrosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tessler
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - M Paul
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | - B S Meyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - R Pardo
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Purtschert
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - K E Rehm
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Scott
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Weigand
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | | | | | - M L Avila
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Baggenstos
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Collon
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | | | - Y Kashiv
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - D Kijel
- Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | | | - R Reifarth
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - D Santiago-Gonzalez
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - A Shor
- Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | | | - R Talwar
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Veltum
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - R Vondrasek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Neal S, Goodman L, Morin S, Werner M, Gueye N, Tiegs A, Pirtea P, Scott R. T-shaped uterine cavity morphology as assessed by three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) is associated with lower sustained implantation rates and higher clinical loss rates following frozen embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tiegs A, Landis J, Garrido N, Scott R, Hotaling J. Total motile sperm count trend over time across two continents: evaluation of semen analyses from 119,972 infertile men. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Morin S, Wang T, Tao X, Earnhardt M, Seli E, Scott R. Ultra-low oxygen (O2) tension after day 3 of in vitro development does not alter blastocyst transcriptome : a comparison of 2% versus 5% o2 tension in extended culture. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Parker P, Morin S, Neal S, Tiegs A, Landis J, Scott R, Werner M. Inner cell mass and trophectoderm morphology impact the likelihood of achieving sustained implantation among expanded, euploid blastocysts. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Morin S, Marin D, Tao X, Landis J, Scott R, Seli E. The telomere length of leukocytes and cumulus cells are not different between poor responders and good responders to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rajchel J, Vega C, Garnsey H, Scott R, Jalas C, Scott R, Tao X. Validation of simultaneous diagnosis of single gene disorder (SGD) and next generation sequencing (NGS) - based comprehensive chromosomal aneuploidy screening (CCS) from a single trophectoderm (TE) biopsy. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reig A, Morin S, Goodman L, Franasiak J, Molinaro T, Scott R, Werner M. Discordant follicle-stimulating hormone and anti-mullerian hormone and the prediction of euploid blastocyst yield. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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P, Dinning L, Rahman S, Ray S, Dimicri C, Guppy S, Nielsen H, Vogel C, Ariza C, Morales L, Chang Y, Gabbay R, Ambrocio L, Manley L, Nemery R, Charlton W, Smith P, Kerr L, Steindel-Kopp B, Alamaguer M, Tabisola-Nuesca E, Pendersen A, Larson N, Cooper-Olviver H, Chan D, Fitz-Patrick D, Carreira T, Park Y, Ruhaak R, Liljenquist D. A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1887-1894. [PMID: 30002199 PMCID: PMC6105323 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients' relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2-51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS >0.295, 95% CI 1.47-3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Redondo
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - John M. Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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Dolitsky S, Neal S, Olcha M, Hong K, Werner M, Morin S, Tiegs A, Sun L, Scott R. Initial serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels predict live birth outcomes following frozen embryo transfer with and without preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bedard J, Jalas C, Tao X, Scott R. Detection of exact fragile X CGG repeat size of embryonic trophectoderm biopsies. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang M, Bener M, Wang T, Esencan E, Scott R, Seli E. Impaired follicle development and subfertility in female mice lacking MFN2 in oocytes. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pirtea P, Marin D, Sun L, Hong K, Zhan Y, Tao X, Scott R. Gonadotrophin receptor polymorphisms (FSHR N680S and LHCGR N312S) are not predictive of clinical outcome and live birth in IVF cycles. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Scott R, Jindal-Snape D, Manwaring G. Exploring the relationship between volunteering and hospice sustainability in the UK: a theoretical model. Int J Palliat Nurs 2018; 24:212-219. [PMID: 29792765 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2018.24.5.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the relationship between volunteering and the sustainability of UK voluntary hospices. METHODS A narrative literature review was conducted to inform the development of a theoretical model. Eight databases were searched: CINAHL (EBSCO), British Nursing Index, Intute: Health and Life Sciences, ERIC, SCOPUS, ASSIA (CSA), Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. RESULTS A total of 90 documents were analysed. Emerging themes included the importance of volunteering to the hospice economy and workforce, the quality of services, and public and community support. Findings suggest that hospice sustainability is dependent on volunteers; however, the supply and retention of volunteers is affected by internal and external factors. CONCLUSIONS A theoretical model was developed to illustrate the relationship between volunteering and hospice sustainability. It demonstrates the factors necessary for hospice sustainability and the reciprocal impact that these factors and volunteering have on each other. The model has a practical application as an assessment framework and strategic planning tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ros Scott
- Honorary Research Fellow, Transformative Change: Education and Life Transitions Research Centre, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Divya Jindal-Snape
- Professor of Education, Inclusion and Life Transitions; Director, Transformative Change: Educational and Life Transitions Research Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gaye Manwaring
- Senior Lecturer in Education, School of Education and Social Work, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
The gut hormone oxyntomodulin (OXM) causes weight loss by reducing appetite and increasing energy expenditure. Several analogues are being developed to treat obesity. Exactly how oxyntomodulin works, however, remains controversial. OXM can activate both glucagon and GLP-1 receptors but no specific receptor has been identified. It is thought that the anorectic effect occurs predominantly through GLP-1 receptor activation but, to date, it has not been formally confirmed which receptor is responsible for the increased energy expenditure. We developed OX-SR, a sustained-release OXM analogue. It produces a significant and sustained increase in energy expenditure in rats as measured by indirect calorimetry. We now show that this increase in energy expenditure occurs via activation of the glucagon receptor. Blockade of the GLP-1 receptor with Exendin 9-39 does not block the increase in oxygen consumption caused by OX-SR. However, when activity at the glucagon receptor is lost, there is no increase in energy expenditure. Glucagon receptor activity therefore appears to be essential for OX-SR's effects on energy expenditure. The development of future 'dual agonist' analogues will require careful balancing of GLP-1 and glucagon receptor activities to obtain optimal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
| | - J Minnion
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - T Tan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - S R Bloom
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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Morten B, Scott R, Avery-Kiejda K. PO-107 A potential role for DELTA40P53 in the regulation of breast cancer stem cells. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Allen P, Kiefer K, Scott R, Groschen D, Conzemius M. Synovial Fluid Cytokine Concentrations and Limb Function in Normal Dogs and in Dogs with Lameness from Spontaneous Osteoarthritis. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1660877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Allen
- Clinical Investigation Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
| | - K. Kiefer
- Clinical Investigation Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
| | - R. Scott
- Clinical Investigation Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
| | - D. Groschen
- Clinical Investigation Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
| | - M. Conzemius
- Clinical Investigation Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
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