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Steger V, Stadelmann S, White L, Döhnert M. Child abuse and pubertal timing: what is the role of child sex and identity of the perpetrator? BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:242. [PMID: 38561781 PMCID: PMC10983734 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between child abuse [child neglect (CN), emotional (CEA) and physical abuse (CPA)] and early puberty with special regard to sex-specific effects concerning child and parental perpetrator. METHODS Data assessment took place within the framework of the LIFE Child Depression study, a longitudinal study on the development of depressive symptoms and disorders between child- and adulthood in Leipzig, Germany. A sample of 709 children (8-14 years) was recruited from the general population and via psychiatric hospitals. Data on pubertal status were assessed using an instrument for self-assessment of tanner stages (scales of physical pubertal development). Information on menarche was provided by parents. The Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-PC) served for data on child abuse. RESULTS Regarding physical puberty markers, significant correlations were found, especially with child neglect (CN) and child emotional abuse (CEA). Regression analyses, controlling for Body-Mass-Index (BMI) and Socioeconomic Status (SES), revealed that children affected by child neglect perpetrated by mother (CNm) and child emotional abuse (CEA) parent-non-specifically enter puberty significantly earlier. Sex-specific analyses identified child neglect perpetrated by mother (CNm) to be associated with early puberty in girls and child emotional abuse perpetrated by father (CEAf) with early puberty in boys. Concerning the onset of menstruation, there was a significant positive correlation between early menarche and parent-specific and non-specific child neglect (CN), as well as between early menarche and child emotional abuse perpetrated by the mother (CEAm). In regression models that controlled for Body-Mass-Index (BMI) and Socioeconomic Status (SES) no significant associations were maintained. Child physical abuse (CPA) was not associated with early puberty. CONCLUSION Results outlined child neglect (CN) and child emotional abuse (CEA) to be sex- and perpetrator-specific risk factors for early pubertal development. Knowledge of sex- and perpetrator-specific effects could help clinicians to specify their diagnostic process and to define differential prevention and treatment goals for children with experiences of CN and CEA. Further research on the sex-specific impact of parental CN and CEA on girls' and boys' puberty is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Steger
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- , Bremen, Germany.
| | - S Stadelmann
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - L White
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Döhnert
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, St Elisabeth & St Barbara Hospital, Barbarastraße 4, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Jones C, White L, Slater J, Pluquailec J. Hospitality Work as Social Reproduction: Embodied and Emotional Labour during COVID-19. Sociology 2024; 58:471-488. [PMID: 38496360 PMCID: PMC10940102 DOI: 10.1177/00380385231189190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This article focuses on how the imaginary of a 'safe' environment was visualised and conveyed within the hospitality sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, drawing on diaries and interviews with 21 workers in the UK. Our findings show increased workloads for hospitality staff, compounded by anxieties of risk and individualised COVID-19 regulation work. This includes workers' negotiations of corporeal boundaries and distancing from customers, the visible cleaning of communal areas and recuperation and care work for their own bodies and others in shared living spaces. We draw on conceptualisations of embodied and emotional labour to understand these experiences, reflecting on the importance of the actions performed by workers in maintaining community spaces and creating customer confidence in safely enjoying a 'hospitable' environment. This article contributes to social science scholarship of embodied and emotional labour, hospitality and social reproduction.
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Wexler L, Ginn J, White L, Schmidt T, Rataj S, Wells CC, Schultz K, Kapoulea EA, McEachern D, Habecker P, Laws H. Considering the importance of 'Communities of Practice' and Health Promotion Constructs for Upstream Suicide Prevention. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3976483. [PMID: 38559170 PMCID: PMC10980165 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3976483/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Suicide is a serious and growing health inequity for Alaska Native (AN) youth (ages 15-24), who experience suicide rates significantly higher than the general U.S. youth population. In low-resourced, remote communities, building on the local and cultural resources found in remote AN communities to increase uptake of prevention behaviors like lethal means reduction, interpersonal support, and postvention can be more effective at preventing suicide than a risk-referral process. This study expands the variables we hypothesize as important for reducing suicide risk and supporting wellbeing. These variables are: 1) perceived suicide prevention self-efficacy, 2) perceived wellness self-efficacy, and 3) developing a 'community of practice' (CoP) for prevention/wellness work. Method With a convenience sample (N = 398) of participants (ages 15+) in five remote Alaska Native communities, this study characterizes respondents' social roles: institutional role if they have a job that includes suicide prevention (e.g. teachers, community health workers) and community role if their primary role is based on family or community positioning (e.g. Elder, parent). The cross-sectional analysis then explores the relationship between respondents' wellness and prevention self-efficacy and CoP as predictors of their self-reported suicide prevention and wellness promotion behaviors: (1) working together with others (e.g. community initiatives), (2) offering interpersonal support to someone, (3) reducing access to lethal means, and (4) reducing suicide risk for others after a suicide death in the community. Results Community and institutional roles are vital, and analyses detected distinct patterns linking our dependent variables to different preventative behaviors. Findings associated wellness self-efficacy and CoP (but not prevention self-efficacy) with 'working together' behaviors, wellness and prevention self-efficacy (but not CoP) with interpersonal supportive behaviors; both prevention self-efficacy and CoP with higher postvention behaviors. Only prevention self-efficacy was associated with lethal means reduction. Conclusions The study widens the scope of suicide prevention. Promising approaches to suicide prevention in rural low-resourced communities include: (1) engaging people in community and institutional roles, (2) developing communities of practice for suicide prevention among different sectors of a community, and (3) broadening the scope of suicide prevention to include wellness promotion as well as suicide prevention.
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Gur R, Bearden C, Jacquemont S, Jizi K, Amelsvoort van T, van den Bree M, Vorstman J, Sebat J, Ruparel K, Gallagher R, Swillen A, McClellan E, White L, Crowley T, Giunta V, Kushan L, O'Hora K, Verbesselt J, Vandensande A, Vingerhoets C, van Haelst M, Hall J, Harwood J, Chawner S, Patel N, Palad K, Hong O, Guevara J, Martin CO, Bélanger AM, Scherer S, Bassett A, McDonald-McGinn D, Gur R. Neurocognitive Profiles of 22q11.2 and 16p11.2 Deletions and Duplications. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3393845. [PMID: 38234766 PMCID: PMC10793509 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3393845/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Rare recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) at chromosomal loci 22q11.2 and 16p11.2 are among the most common rare genetic disorders associated with significant risk for neuropsychiatric disorders across the lifespan. Microdeletions and duplications in these loci are associated with neurocognitive deficits, yet there are few studies comparing these groups using the same measures. We address this gap in a prospective international collaboration applying the same computerized neurocognitive assessment. The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB) was administered in a multi-site study on rare genomic disorders: 22q11.2 deletion (n = 397); 22q11.2 duplication (n = 77); 16p11.2 deletion (n = 94); and 16p11.2 duplication (n = 26). Domains examined include executive functions, episodic memory, complex cognition, social cognition, and sensori-motor speed. Accuracy and speed for each neurocognitive domain were included as dependent measures in a mixed-model repeated measures analysis, with locus (22q11.2, 16p11.2) and copy number (deletion/duplication) as grouping factors and neurocognitive domain as a repeated measures factor, with age and sex as covariates. We also examined correlation with IQ and site effects. We found that 22q11.2 deletions were associated with greater deficits in overall performance accuracy than 22q11.2 duplications, while 16p11.2 duplications were associated with greater deficits than 16p11.2 deletions. Duplications at both loci were associated with reduced speed. Performance profiles differed among the groups with particularly poor performance of 16p11.2 duplication on non-verbal reasoning and social cognition. Average accuracy on the CNB was moderately correlated with Full Scale IQ. No site effects were observed. Deletions and duplications of 22q11.2 and 16p11.2 have varied effects on neurocognition indicating locus specificity, with performance profiles differing among the groups. These profile differences can help inform mechanistic substrates to heterogeneity in presentation and outcome. Future studies could aim to link performance profiles to clinical features and brain function.
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Rutter S, Madden A, White L. Challenges of accessing hygiene facilities when on the move: an exploratory interview study with UK mobile workers. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2514. [PMID: 38102613 PMCID: PMC10722722 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to hygiene facilities is essential for health and well-being, and in many countries, employers are legally obliged to ensure that hygiene facilities are readily available. This interview study considers how being on the move impacts the ability of mobile workers (such as community care workers, police, delivery drivers, gardeners, cleaners, utility workers) to access hygiene facilities, and the challenges they face. METHODS Using a qualitative exploratory research design, we investigate through semi-structured interviews with 22 United Kingdom (UK) mobile workers (1) what influences their access to hygiene facilities, (2) their hygiene needs, and (3) where mobile workers are accessing hygiene facilities. The interview data was analysed qualitatively using a coding framework developed from a literature review of hand hygiene in fixed workplaces. RESULTS Mobile workers' access to hygiene facilities is influenced by the wider cultural environment, the biological environment, the organisational environment, the physical environment, the facility owner, the worker's role, and the individual themselves, all underpinned by social norms. Our participants needed hygiene facilities so they could use the toilet, clean themselves, and do their work, and for First Aid. Access to facilities is challenging, and our participants needed to access facilities where they were working, travel to find them, or use hygiene kits. The quality of facilities is frequently poor, and mobile workers must often seek permission and may incur financial costs. Our participants often had to rely on the goodwill of people in private homes. In the absence of facilities, workers often resort to strategies that may affect their health (such as restricting drinking and eating, and ignoring urges) or their dignity (such as relieving themselves outdoors or even soiling their clothes). CONCLUSIONS The lack of hygiene facilities available to mobile workers is a serious health and well-being concern. Given that there are many occupations where workers are mobile at least some of the time, the scale of the problem needs to be recognised. This study adds to our understanding of hygiene in workplaces and highlights the inadequacy of current legislation, which appears to serve primarily those working in fixed workplaces such as offices. Recommendations are made to policy makers and organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rutter
- Information School, The Wave, 2 Witham Road, S10 2AH, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Andrew Madden
- Information School, The Wave, 2 Witham Road, S10 2AH, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lauren White
- Sheffield Methods Institute, The Wave, 2 Witham Road, S10 2AH, Sheffield, UK
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Fang JL, Umoren RA, Whyte H, Limjoco J, Makkar A, Behl S, Lo MD, White L, Culjat M, Taylor JS, Kathuria S, Webb MO, Schad T, Shafranski S, Yankanah R, Herrin J, Demaerschalk BM. Evaluating the feasibility of a multicenter teleneonatology clinical effectiveness trial. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1555-1561. [PMID: 37208433 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our research consortium is preparing for a prospective multicenter trial evaluating the impact of teleneonatology on the health outcomes of at-risk neonates born in community hospitals. We completed a 6-month pilot study to determine the feasibility of the trial protocol. METHODS Four neonatal intensive care units ("hubs") and four community hospitals ("spokes") participated in the pilot-forming four hub-spoke dyads. Two hub-spoke dyads implemented synchronous, audio-video telemedicine consultations with a neonatologist ("teleneonatology"). The primary outcome was a composite feasibility score that included one point for each of the following: site retention, on-time screening log completion, no eligibility errors, on-time data submission, and sponsor site-dyad meeting attendance (score range 0-5). RESULTS For the 20 hub-spoke dyad months, the mean (range) composite feasibility score was 4.6 (4, 5). All sites were retained during the pilot. Ninety percent (18/20) of screening logs were completed on time. The eligibility error rate was 0.2% (3/1809). On-time data submission rate was 88.4% (84/95 case report forms). Eighty-five percent (17/20) of sponsor site-dyad meetings were attended by both hub and spoke site staff. CONCLUSIONS A multicenter teleneonatology clinical effectiveness trial is feasible. Learnings from the pilot study may improve the likelihood of success of the main trial. IMPACT A prospective, multicenter clinical trial evaluating the impact of teleneonatology on the early health outcomes of at-risk neonates born in community hospitals is feasible. A multidimensional composite feasibility score, which includes processes and procedures fundamental to completing a clinical trial, is useful for quantitatively measuring pilot study success. A pilot study allows the investigative team to test trial methods and materials to identify what works well or requires modification. Learnings from a pilot study may improve the quality and efficiency of the main effectiveness trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Fang
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Rachel A Umoren
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington & Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hilary Whyte
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Abhishek Makkar
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Supriya Behl
- Children's Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark D Lo
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington & Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren White
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Marko Culjat
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sangeet Kathuria
- William Osler Health Centre-Brampton Civic Hospital, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Todd Schad
- Sauk Prairie Healthcare, Prairie du Sac, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Jeph Herrin
- Division of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bart M Demaerschalk
- Department of Neurology and Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Markowski KL, White L, Harcey SR, Schmidt T, McEachern D, Habecker P, Wexler L. What Kinds of Support are Alaska Native Youth and Young Adults Reporting? An Examination of Types, Quantities, Sources, and Frequencies of Support. Health Promot Pract 2023; 24:863-872. [PMID: 36047453 PMCID: PMC10729876 DOI: 10.1177/15248399221115065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth, particularly males, experience disproportionately high rates of suicide compared to other young people in the United States. Therefore, enacting suicide prevention efforts for AI/AN youth is especially important. Since research shows that strengthening social, cultural, and emotional support can reduce suicide risk, many recent prevention efforts focus on these strategies. Yet, to reinforce and to extend the positive impact of these strategies for suicide risk reduction, we argue it is useful to identify baseline levels and other features of already-existing support. Toward this end, we describe the types (i.e., category), quantities (i.e., distribution and average number), sources (i.e., from whom), and frequencies (i.e., how often) of social support that AN young people report receiving, and we examine if these "support profiles" differ by age and sex. We use survey data from 165 ANs under age 30, collected as part of a participatory intervention study focused on Promoting Community Conversations About Research to End Suicide (PC CARES). We find that: 1) most ANs reported receiving nearly all supports, 2) compared with females, males reported receiving fewer supports on average, 3) family was the most selected support source, followed by close friends and service providers, and 4) family (e.g., parents, siblings, and grandparents) provided support regularly (i.e., monthly or more). Though our findings may suggest fruitful avenues for interventions targeted toward AN males, we discuss these findings in relation to the gendered nature of suicide prevention and assessment.
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White L. Like clockwork? (Re)imagining rhythms and routines when living with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Sociol Health Illn 2023; 45:1259-1275. [PMID: 35929535 PMCID: PMC10947321 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Temporal trajectories of health, illness and disability-from biographical change to micro-embodied practices within social time-are important strands within medical sociology and disability studies. Drawing upon a UK-based qualitative study using diaries and follow-up interviews to explore everyday life with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), this article explores routines when living with the condition. It focuses specifically on accounts of routines being anticipated, slowed down and stretched out to accommodate and/or care for bodies, with personal and social rhythms weaved in, out and with each other. Such reflections are told through participants' accounts of knowing routines and rhythms, stretching out and pacing morning routines to care for the body and how everyday practices are reimagined as the body and the social meet. Drawing upon the concept of 'Crip Time' where the social bends to meet with the body, this article seeks to illuminate important intersections between medical sociology and disability studies through accounts of living with IBS. This article demonstrates the entanglement of structural, disabling temporal rhythms and embodied temporalities, through an acknowledgement of routines reimagined. It offers a contribution to both medical sociology and disability studies in reimagining social lives with embodied temporalities in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren White
- School of EducationUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireUK
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Levinson T, Prettyman G, Savage C, White L, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Ruparel K, Gur RE, Gur RC, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH. Activation of Internal Correctness Monitoring Circuitry in Youths With Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2023; 8:542-550. [PMID: 37019760 PMCID: PMC10164703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-directed performance monitoring is a critical contributor to cognitive performance and general functioning and is impacted by psychiatric symptoms and personality traits, but has been understudied in psychosis-risk states. We have shown that ventral striatum (VS) responds to correctness during cognitive tasks where no explicit feedback is required, and this intrinsic reinforcement response is reduced in schizophrenia. METHODS Here, we examined this phenomenon in youths (n = 796, age range 11-22 years) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) performing a working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging task. We hypothesized that VS would respond to internal correctness monitoring, while classic salience network regions, such as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex, would reflect internal error monitoring and that these responses would increase with age. We expected that neurobehavioral measures of performance monitoring would be reduced in youths with subclinical psychosis spectrum features and would correlate with amotivation severity. RESULTS Supporting these hypotheses, we found correct>incorrect activation in VS and incorrect>correct activation in anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex. Furthermore, VS activation was positively correlated with age, reduced in youths with psychosis spectrum features, and inversely correlated with amotivation. However, these patterns were not significant in anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex. CONCLUSIONS These findings advance our understanding of the neural underpinnings of performance monitoring and its impairment in adolescents with psychosis spectrum features. Such understanding can facilitate investigation of the developmental trajectory of normative and aberrant performance monitoring; contribute to early identification of youths at elevated risk for poor academic, occupational, or psychiatric outcomes; and provide potential targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Greer Prettyman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chloe Savage
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Gur RE, McDonald-McGinn DM, Moore TM, Gallagher RS, McClellan E, White L, Ruparel K, Hillman N, Crowley TB, McGinn DE, Zackai E, Emanuel BS, Calkins ME, Roalf DR, Gur RC. Psychosis spectrum features, neurocognition and functioning in a longitudinal study of youth with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-10. [PMID: 36987693 PMCID: PMC10600823 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric disorders are common in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) with about 25% of affected individuals developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders by young adulthood. Longitudinal evaluation of psychosis spectrum features and neurocognition can establish developmental trajectories and impact on functional outcome. METHODS 157 youth with 22q11DS were assessed longitudinally for psychopathology focusing on psychosis spectrum symptoms, neurocognitive performance and global functioning. We contrasted the pattern of positive and negative psychosis spectrum symptoms and neurocognitive performance differentiating those with more prominent Psychosis Spectrum symptoms (PS+) to those without prominent psychosis symptoms (PS-). RESULTS We identified differences in the trajectories of psychosis symptoms and neurocognitive performance between the groups. The PS+ group showed age associated increase in symptom severity, especially negative symptoms and general nonspecific symptoms. Correspondingly, their level of functioning was worse and deteriorated more steeply than the PS- group. Neurocognitive performance was generally comparable in PS+ and PS- groups and demonstrated a similar age-related trajectory. However, worsening executive functioning distinguished the PS+ group from PS- counterparts. Notably, of the three executive function measures examined, only working memory showed a significant difference between the groups in rate of change. Finally, structural equation modeling showed that neurocognitive decline drove the clinical change. CONCLUSIONS Youth with 22q11DS and more prominent psychosis features show worsening of symptoms and functional decline driven by neurocognitive decline, most related to executive functions and specifically working memory. The results underscore the importance of working memory in the developmental progression of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel E. Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna M. McDonald-McGinn
- 22q and You Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R. Sean Gallagher
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily McClellan
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren White
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Noah Hillman
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - T. Blaine Crowley
- 22q and You Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel E. McGinn
- 22q and You Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- 22q and You Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beverly S. Emanuel
- 22q and You Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David R. Roalf
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Lim S, Cox N, Hale M, White L, Welch C, Lochlainn MN, Burton JK, Richardson SJ, Walesby K, Willott R, Makin S, Taylor J. Engagement in research during specialist geriatric medicine training: results of a national trainee survey. Clin Med (Lond) 2022; 22:553-558. [PMID: 38589159 PMCID: PMC9761422 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2022-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Meaningful ageing research across the UK is dependent on a network of engaged geriatricians. The research in geriatric specialty training (RGST) survey aimed to establish current research opportunities available to geriatric medicine specialty trainees in the UK. METHODS The RGST survey was disseminated to UK higher specialist trainees in geriatric medicine in 2019 via the Geriatric Medicine Research Collaborative network. RESULTS Among the 36.9% (192/521) of respondents, 44% (83/188) reported previous research involvement and 7% (n=8) held a PhD or MD. Of the respondents with no research experience to date, 59.0% (n=49) reported a desire to undertake a period of research. One-third (31%) of geriatric registrars surveyed felt that they had gained sufficient research experience during their training. Perceived encouragement and support to undertake research was low (30.7%). Enablers and barriers to research engagement were identified. CONCLUSION Research opportunity and engagement in geriatric medicine training is lacking. This could jeopardise the future workforce of research-active geriatricians in the UK and limit patient access to emerging research and innovation. Interventions to promote research engagement among geriatric medicine trainees are needed to facilitate integration of research into routine clinical practice to improve the health and care of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Lim
- NIHR ARC Wessex, Southampton, UK and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK;.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Willott
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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12
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Harkin M, Johnson PN, Neely SB, White L, Miller JL. Frequency and Severity of Chlorothiazide-Induced Hyponatremia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:1354-1361. [PMID: 33406536 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although thiazide diuretics are commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the risk of thiazide-induced hyponatremia in infants has not been well documented. The primary objective of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of hyponatremia in neonates and infants receiving enteral chlorothiazide. Secondary objectives included identifying: (1) percent change in serum sodium from before chlorothiazide initiation to nadir, (2) time to reach nadir serum sodium concentration, and (3) percentage of patients on chlorothiazide receiving sodium supplementation. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of NICU patients admitted between July 1, 2014, and July 31, 2019, who received ≥1 dose of enteral chlorothiazide. Mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia were defined as serum sodium of 130 to 134 mEq/L, 120 to 129 mEq/L, and less than 120 mEq/L, respectively. Data including serum electrolytes, chlorothiazide dosing, and sodium supplementation were collected for the first 2 weeks of therapy. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed in SAS software, Version 9.4. RESULTS One hundred and seven patients, receiving 127 chlorothiazide courses, were included. The median gestational age at birth and postmenstrual age at initiation were 26.0 and 35.9 weeks, respectively. The overall frequency of hyponatremia was 35.4% (45/127 courses). Mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia were reported in 27 (21.3%), 16 (12.6%), and 2 (1.6%) courses. The median percent decrease in serum sodium from baseline to nadir was 2.9%, and the median time to nadir sodium was 5 days. Enteral sodium supplements were administered in 52 (40.9%) courses. Sixteen courses (12.6%) were discontinued within the first 14 days of therapy due to hyponatremia. CONCLUSION Hyponatremia occurred in over 35% of courses of enteral chlorothiazide in neonates and infants. Given the high frequency of hyponatremia, serum sodium should be monitored closely in infants receiving chlorothiazide. Providers should consider early initiation of sodium supplements if warranted. KEY POINTS · One-third of infants on chlorothiazide develop hyponatremia.. · Nadir serum sodium typically occurs within 5 days.. · Monitor sodium closely after chlorothiazide initiation..
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Harkin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital at OU Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Peter N Johnson
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Stephen B Neely
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Lauren White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jamie L Miller
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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13
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Manlove K, Wilber M, White L, Bastille‐Rousseau G, Yang A, Gilbertson MLJ, Craft ME, Cross PC, Wittemyer G, Pepin KM. Defining an epidemiological landscape that connects movement ecology to pathogen transmission and pace‐of‐life. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1760-1782. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kezia Manlove
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah USA
| | - Mark Wilber
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Lauren White
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center University of Maryland Annapolis Maryland USA
| | | | - Anni Yang
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
- National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA
| | - Marie L. J. Gilbertson
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA
- Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Meggan E. Craft
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA
| | - Paul C. Cross
- U.S. Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center Bozeman Montana USA
| | - George Wittemyer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Kim M. Pepin
- National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
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14
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White L, Gerth K, Threadgill V, Bedwell S, Szyld EG, Shah BA. Laryngeal Mask Ventilation during Neonatal Resuscitation: A Case Series. Children 2022; 9:children9060897. [PMID: 35740834 PMCID: PMC9221578 DOI: 10.3390/children9060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Positive pressure ventilation via a facemask is a critical step in neonatal resuscitation but may be a difficult skill for frontline providers or trainees to master. A laryngeal mask is an alternative to endotracheal intubation for some newborns who require an advanced airway. We present the first case series in the United States in which a laryngeal mask was successfully utilized during resuscitation of newborns greater than or equal to 34 weeks’ gestation following an interdisciplinary quality improvement collaborative and focused training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren White
- Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma (OU) College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.W.); (K.G.); (E.G.S.)
- Comanche County Memorial Hospital, Lawton, OK 73505, USA;
| | - Katelyn Gerth
- Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma (OU) College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.W.); (K.G.); (E.G.S.)
| | | | - Susan Bedwell
- Fran and Earl Ziegler College of Nursing, OU Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA;
| | - Edgardo G. Szyld
- Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma (OU) College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.W.); (K.G.); (E.G.S.)
| | - Birju A. Shah
- Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma (OU) College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.W.); (K.G.); (E.G.S.)
- Oklahoma Children’s Hospital at OU Health, 1200 North Everett Drive, 7th Floor North Pavilion ETNP #7504, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Johnston SC, Ricks KM, Lakhal-Naouar I, Jay A, Subra C, Raymond JL, King HAD, Rossi F, Clements TL, Fetterer D, Tostenson S, Cincotta CM, Hack HR, Kuklis C, Soman S, King J, Peachman KK, Kim D, Chen WH, Sankhala RS, Martinez EJ, Hajduczki A, Chang WC, Choe M, Thomas PV, Peterson CE, Anderson A, Swafford I, Currier JR, Paquin-Proulx D, Jagodzinski LL, Matyas GR, Rao M, Gromowski GD, Peel SA, White L, Smith JM, Hooper JW, Michael NL, Modjarrad K, Joyce MG, Nalca A, Bolton DL, Pitt MLM. A SARS-CoV-2 Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle Vaccine Is Protective and Promotes a Strong Immunological Response in the Cynomolgus Macaque Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050717. [PMID: 35632473 PMCID: PMC9145473 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a staggering impact on social, economic, and public health systems worldwide. Vaccine development and mobilization against SARS-CoV-2 (the etiologic agent of COVID-19) has been rapid. However, novel strategies are still necessary to slow the pandemic, and this includes new approaches to vaccine development and/or delivery that will improve vaccination compliance and demonstrate efficacy against emerging variants. Here, we report on the immunogenicity and efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine comprising stabilized, pre-fusion spike protein trimers displayed on a ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) adjuvanted with either conventional aluminum hydroxide or the Army Liposomal Formulation QS-21 (ALFQ) in a cynomolgus macaque COVID-19 model. Vaccination resulted in robust cell-mediated and humoral responses and a significant reduction in lung lesions following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The strength of the immune response suggests that dose sparing through reduced or single dosing in primates may be possible with this vaccine. Overall, the data support further evaluation of SpFN as a SARS-CoV-2 protein-based vaccine candidate with attention to fractional dosing and schedule optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Johnston
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.S.); (J.W.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Keersten M. Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (K.M.R.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Ines Lakhal-Naouar
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Alexandra Jay
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Caroline Subra
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Jo Lynne Raymond
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Hannah A. D. King
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Franco Rossi
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Tamara L. Clements
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (K.M.R.); (T.L.C.)
| | - David Fetterer
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Samantha Tostenson
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Camila Macedo Cincotta
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Holly R. Hack
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Caitlin Kuklis
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Sandrine Soman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Jocelyn King
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Kristina K. Peachman
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Dohoon Kim
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Rajeshwer S. Sankhala
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Elizabeth J. Martinez
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - William C. Chang
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Misook Choe
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Paul V. Thomas
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Caroline E. Peterson
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Alexander Anderson
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Isabella Swafford
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Linda L. Jagodzinski
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Gregory D. Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (J.R.C.); (G.D.G.)
| | - Sheila A. Peel
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (K.K.P.); (L.L.J.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Lauren White
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (A.J.); (F.R.); (D.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Jeffrey M. Smith
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.S.); (J.W.H.)
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.S.); (J.W.H.)
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - M. Gordon Joyce
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Aysegul Nalca
- Core Support Directorate, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Diane L. Bolton
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (I.L.-N.); (C.S.); (H.A.D.K.); (C.M.C.); (H.R.H.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.); (R.S.S.); (E.J.M.); (A.H.); (W.C.C.); (M.C.); (P.V.T.); (C.E.P.); (A.A.); (I.S.); (D.P.-P.); (M.G.J.); (D.L.B.)
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (G.R.M.); (M.R.)
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;
| | - Margaret L. M. Pitt
- Office of the Science Advisor, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
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Mills C, Parniak S, Hand C, McGrath C, Laliberte Rudman D, Chislett C, Giberson M, White L, DePaul V, Donnelly C. The impact of a naturally occurring retirement community supportive services program on older adult participants’ social networks: a qualitative study (Preprint). JMIR Aging 2022; 5:e37617. [DOI: 10.2196/37617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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STAUSS M, So B, White L, Reddy S. POS-594 CEFUROXIME AS AN OUTPATIENT HAEMODIALYSIS-BASED ANTIBIOTIC REGIME FOR THE TREATMENT OF MSSA BACTERAEMIA. RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH USING CEFUROXIME OVER VANCOMYCIN. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- L. White
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - T. Jackson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK
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Wells CC, White L, Schmidt T, Rataj S, McEachern D, Wisnieski D, Garnie J, Kirk T, Moto R, Wexler L. Adapting PC CARES to Continue Suicide Prevention in Rural Alaska During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Narrative Overview of an In-Person Community-Based Suicide Prevention Program Moving Online. Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res 2022; 29:126-154. [PMID: 35881985 PMCID: PMC10732495 DOI: 10.5820/aian.2902.2022.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents how a community mobilization program to prevent suicide was adapted to an online format to accommodate the impossibility of in-person delivery in Alaska Native communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention, Promoting Community Conversations About Research to End Suicide (PC CARES), was created collaboratively by researchers and Alaska Native communities with the goal of bringing community members together to create research-informed and community-led suicide prevention activities in their communities. To continue our work during the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions, we adapted the PC CARES model to a synchronous remote delivery format. This shift included moving from predominantly Alaska Native participants to one of a mainly non-Native school staff audience. This required a pivot from Alaska Native self-determination toward cultural humility and community collaboration for school-based staff, with multilevel youth suicide prevention remaining the primary aim. This reorientation can offer important insight into how to build more responsive programs for those who are not from the communities they serve. Here, we provide a narrative overview of our collaborative adaptation process, illustrated by data collected during synchronous remote facilitation of the program, and reflect on how the shift in format and audience impacted program delivery and content. The adaptation process strove to maintain the core animating features of self-determination for Alaska Native communities and people as well as the translation of scientific knowledge to practice for greater impact.
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White L, Heneghan N, Furtado N, Masson A, Baraks K, Rushton A. The patient journey following lumbar discectomy surgery: A qualitative study. Physiotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jayaram A, Reid A, Wheeler G, Alifrangis C, O'Dwyer J, Jones R, Pezaro C, Pintus E, Staffurth J, Crabb S, Sidhu H, Smith K, Brock S, Rodwell S, Wingate A, Zakka L, Chiwewe M, Cartwright H, White L, Attard G. 650TiP PARADIGM: Plasma analysis for response assessment and to direct the management of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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22
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Forster M, Mendes R, Guerrero Urbano T, Evans M, Lei M, Spanswick V, Miles E, Simões R, Wheeler G, Forsyth S, White L. 866P ORCA-2: A phase I study of olaparib in addition to cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with high risk locally advanced (LA) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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Ahmed S, Bonnett L, Melhuish A, Adil MT, Aggarwal I, Ali W, Bennett J, Boldock E, Burns FA, Czarniak E, Dennis R, Flower B, Fok R, Goodman AL, Halai S, Hanna T, Hashem M, Hodgson SH, Hughes G, Hurndall KH, Hyland R, Iqbal MR, Jarchow-MacDonald A, Kailavasan M, Klimovskij M, Laliotis A, Lambourne J, Lawday S, Lee F, Lindsey B, Lund JN, Mabayoje DA, Malik KI, Muir A, Narula HS, Ofor U, Parsons H, Pavelle T, Prescott K, Rajgopal A, Roy I, Sagar J, Scarborough C, Shaikh S, Smart CJ, Snape S, Tabaqchali MA, Tennakoon A, Tilley R, Vink E, White L, Burke D, Kirby A. Development and internal validation of clinical prediction models for outcomes of complicated intra-abdominal infection. Br J Surg 2021; 108:441-447. [PMID: 33615351 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with cIAI in a multicentre study and to develop clinical prediction models (CPMs) to help identify patients at risk of mortality or relapse. METHODS A multicentre observational study was conducted from August 2016 to February 2017 in the UK. Adult patients diagnosed with cIAI were included. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to develop CPMs for mortality and cIAI relapse. The c-statistic was used to test model discrimination. Model calibration was tested using calibration slopes and calibration in the large (CITL). The CPMs were then presented as point scoring systems and validated further. RESULTS Overall, 417 patients from 31 surgical centres were included in the analysis. At 90 days after diagnosis, 17.3 per cent had a cIAI relapse and the mortality rate was 11.3 per cent. Predictors in the mortality model were age, cIAI aetiology, presence of a perforated viscus and source control procedure. Predictors of cIAI relapse included the presence of collections, outcome of initial management, and duration of antibiotic treatment. The c-statistic adjusted for model optimism was 0.79 (95 per cent c.i. 0.75 to 0.87) and 0.74 (0.73 to 0.85) for mortality and cIAI relapse CPMs. Adjusted calibration slopes were 0.88 (95 per cent c.i. 0.76 to 0.90) for the mortality model and 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) for the relapse model; CITL was -0.19 (95 per cent c.i. -0.39 to -0.12) and - 0.01 (- 0.17 to -0.03) respectively. CONCLUSION Relapse of infection and death after complicated intra-abdominal infections are common. Clinical prediction models were developed to identify patients at increased risk of relapse or death after treatment, these now require external validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - L Bonnett
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Melhuish
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M T Adil
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - I Aggarwal
- Infection Unit, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - W Ali
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - J Bennett
- Cambridge Oesophago-Gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Boldock
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - F A Burns
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - E Czarniak
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Dennis
- Colorectal Surgery Department, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - B Flower
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Fok
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - A L Goodman
- Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Halai
- Department of Surgery, Lister Hospital, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - T Hanna
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - M Hashem
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - S H Hodgson
- Department of Infection, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - G Hughes
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - K-H Hurndall
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - R Hyland
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M R Iqbal
- Department of Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | | | - M Kailavasan
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - M Klimovskij
- Department of Surgery, Conquest Hospital, East Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust, East Sussex, UK
| | - A Laliotis
- Cambridge Oesophago-Gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Lambourne
- Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Lawday
- Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - F Lee
- Radiology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - B Lindsey
- Department of Microbiology, The Whittington Hospital, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J N Lund
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - D A Mabayoje
- Division of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - K I Malik
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Muir
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - H S Narula
- Department of Surgery, Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Trust Hospital, Chesterfield, UK
| | - U Ofor
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - H Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - T Pavelle
- Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - K Prescott
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Rajgopal
- Department of Microbiology, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust, Huddersfield, UK
| | - I Roy
- Colorectal Surgery Department, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - J Sagar
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - C Scarborough
- Department of Infection, Oxford University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - S Shaikh
- Department of Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C J Smart
- Department of Surgery, Macclesfield District General Hospital, East Cheshire NHS Trust, Cheshire, UK
| | - S Snape
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - M A Tabaqchali
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - A Tennakoon
- Department of Surgery, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK
| | - R Tilley
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - E Vink
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L White
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - D Burke
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - A Kirby
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital North Tees, Stockton on Tees, UK
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White L, Tyler A, Samji A. 92 Clinical Frailty Scoring Is Crucial For the COVID-19 Era and Beyond. Age Ageing 2021. [PMCID: PMC8108611 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab030.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic placed a new focus on provision of clinical resources. With high mortality and limited capacity; appropriate decisions to escalate to critical care were vital for just resource allocation but also to prevent harm where interventions would not change outcomes. NICE guidance highlighted Clinical frailty scoring (CFS) as central to the decision-making process. 1, Despite initial criticism, recent evidence has confirmed increasing CFS as an independent risk factor to inpatient mortality in COVID-19.2 We conducted a quality improvement project with the aim of improving CFS documentation at the Royal Free Hospital. Methods We reviewed the notes of 71 inpatients over the age of 65 years from 6 wards on 08/05/20–12/05/20 for both a CFS score documentation and clear treatment escalation plan at time points of initial clerking, post-take and following ward admission with an audit standard of 100%. We developed teaching sessions, promoted the CFS mobile application, developed a post-take sticker and an elderly medicine ward admission proforma. We re-audited 66 inpatient notes from the same 6 wards from 25/06/20–07/07/20. Results Documentation.of CFS improved from 7% to 17% for clerking and post-take and from 13% to 24% on the ward admission. The number of patients with treatment escalation plans was 50%. Conclusion CFS is crucial for the COVID-19 era and beyond. We have demonstrated that increased awareness improves use of CFS, though it is not yet being widely used in escalation decisions. 1. Covid-19 Rapid guideline: Critical Care in adults. NICE guideline [NG159]: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng159 Accessed July 2020 2. Hewitt J et al (2020): The effect of frailty on survival in patients with COVID -19 (COPE): a multicentre, European, observational cohort study; The Lancet: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30146-8.
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Funicelli M, White L, Ungureanu S, Laurence JR. An Independent Validation of the EEG-Based Complex Trial Protocol with Autobiographical Data and Corroboration of its Resistance to a Cognitively Charged Countermeasure. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2021; 46:287-299. [PMID: 33655464 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-021-09506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Complex Trial Protocol (CTP) is a P300-based Concealed Information Test (CIT). The theoretical underpinnings of the CIT in the context of law enforcement usage are sound. The CTP is said to effectively discriminate individuals who recognize novel and meaningful stimuli and to be countermeasure resistant. Forty-five undergraduate students were assigned to three groups and instructed to perform a computer task using autobiographical data in connection to a mock burglary script. P300 peak-to-peak amplitude differences between probe (surname) and irrelevant (patronymic foils) items accurately identified 100% (14/14) of Innocent Controls (IC), 94% (15/16) of Simply Guilty (SG) participants, and 93% (14/15) of Guilty Countermeasure (GCM) subjects who were asked to counter all stimuli by mentally counting backwards continuously during their test presentation. Increased number of mistakes during the test, from combined cognitive erroneous responses to pop quizzes and behavioral errors with button presses, significantly discriminated GCM from IC and SG individuals. GCM participants committed more errors than IC and SG which did not differ from one another. Reaction Time (RT) was only significant between GCM and IC groups. Implications for forensic issues are discussed.
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Johnston SC, Ricks KM, Jay A, Raymond JL, Rossi F, Zeng X, Scruggs J, Dyer D, Frick O, Koehler JW, Kuehnert PA, Clements TL, Shoemaker CJ, Coyne SR, Delp KL, Moore J, Berrier K, Esham H, Shamblin J, Sifford W, Fiallos J, Klosterman L, Stevens S, White L, Bowling P, Garcia T, Jensen C, Ghering J, Nyakiti D, Bellanca S, Kearney B, Giles W, Alli N, Paz F, Akers K, Danner D, Barth J, Johnson JA, Durant M, Kim R, Hooper JW, Smith JM, Kugelman JR, Beitzel BF, Gibson KM, Pitt MLM, Minogue TD, Nalca A. Development of a coronavirus disease 2019 nonhuman primate model using airborne exposure. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246366. [PMID: 33529233 PMCID: PMC7853502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne transmission is predicted to be a prevalent route of human exposure with SARS-CoV-2. Aside from African green monkeys, nonhuman primate models that replicate airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have not been investigated. A comparative evaluation of COVID-19 in African green monkeys, rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus macaques following airborne exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was performed to determine critical disease parameters associated with disease progression, and establish correlations between primate and human COVID-19. Respiratory abnormalities and viral shedding were noted for all animals, indicating successful infection. Cynomolgus macaques developed fever, and thrombocytopenia was measured for African green monkeys and rhesus macaques. Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and alveolar fibrosis were more frequently observed in lung tissue from cynomolgus macaques and African green monkeys. The data indicate that, in addition to African green monkeys, macaques can be successfully infected by airborne SARS-CoV-2, providing viable macaque natural transmission models for medical countermeasure evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Johnston
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keersten M. Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Jay
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jo Lynne Raymond
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Franco Rossi
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Scruggs
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Dyer
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ondraya Frick
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey W. Koehler
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Kuehnert
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tamara L. Clements
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles J. Shoemaker
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan R. Coyne
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Korey L. Delp
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Moore
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kerry Berrier
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Heather Esham
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Willie Sifford
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jimmy Fiallos
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leslie Klosterman
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen Stevens
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lauren White
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Philip Bowling
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terrence Garcia
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher Jensen
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeanean Ghering
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Nyakiti
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Bellanca
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Kearney
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wendy Giles
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nazira Alli
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fabian Paz
- Veterinary Medicine Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristen Akers
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Denise Danner
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Barth
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua A. Johnson
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew Durant
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruth Kim
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Smith
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Kugelman
- Molecular Biology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brett F. Beitzel
- Molecular Biology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Gibson
- Core Laboratory Services Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret L. M. Pitt
- Office of the Science Advisor, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Minogue
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aysegul Nalca
- Core Support Directorate, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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Pearson E, Prapavessis H, Higgins C, Petrella R, White L, Mitchell M. Adding team-based financial incentives to the Carrot Rewards physical activity app increases daily step count on a population scale: a 24-week matched case control study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:139. [PMID: 33208166 PMCID: PMC7677847 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) targeting physical inactivity have increased in popularity yet are usually limited by low engagement. This study examined the impact of adding team-based incentives (Step Together Challenges, STCs) to an existing mHealth app (Carrot Rewards) that rewarded individual physical activity achievements. Methods A 24-week quasi-experimental study (retrospective matched pairs design) was conducted in three Canadian provinces (pre-intervention: weeks 1–12; intervention: weeks 13–24). Participants who used Carrot Rewards and STCs (experimental group) were matched with those who used Carrot Rewards only (controls) on age, gender, province and baseline mean daily step count (±500 steps/d). Carrot Rewards users earned individual-level incentives (worth $0.04 CAD) each day they reached a personalized daily step goal. With a single partner, STC users could earn team incentives ($0.40 CAD) for collaboratively reaching individual daily step goals 10 times in seven days (e.g., Partner A completes four goals and Partner B completes six goals in a week). Results The main analysis included 61,170 users (mean age = 32 yrs.; % female = 64). Controlling for pre-intervention mean daily step count, a significant difference in intervention mean daily step count favoured the experimental group (p < 0.0001; ηp2 = 0.024). The estimated marginal mean group difference was 537 steps per day, or 3759 steps per week (about 40 walking min/wk). Linear regression suggested a dose-response relationship between the number of STCs completed (app engagement) and intervention mean daily step count (adjusted R2 = 0.699) with each new STC corresponding to approximately 200 more steps per day. Conclusion Despite an explosion of physical activity app interest, low engagement leading to small or no effects remains an industry hallmark. In this paper, we found that adding modest team-based incentives to the Carrot Rewards app increased mean daily step count, and importantly, app engagement moderated this effect. Others should consider novel small-teams based approaches to boost engagement and effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Pearson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Harry Prapavessis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | | | - Robert Petrella
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Marc Mitchell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada. .,Carrot Insights Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Williams CD, Byrd CM, Quintana SM, Anicama C, Kiang L, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Calzada EJ, Gautier MP, Ejesi K, Tuitt NR, Martinez-Fuentes S, White L, Marks A, Rogers LO, Whitesell N. A Lifespan Model of Ethnic-Racial Identity. Res Hum Dev 2020; 17:99-129. [PMID: 38250240 PMCID: PMC10798661 DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2020.1831882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The current paper presents a lifespan model of ethnic-racial identity (ERI) from infancy into adulthood. We conceptualize that ethnic-racial priming during infancy prompts nascent awareness of ethnicity/race that becomes differentiated across childhood and through adulthood. We propose that the components of ERI that have been tested to date fall within five dimensions across the lifespan: ethnic-racial awareness, affiliation, attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge. Further, ERI evolves in a bidirectional process informed by an interplay of influencers (i.e., contextual, individual, and developmental factors, as well as meaning-making and identity-relevant experiences). It is our goal that the lifespan model of ERI will provide important future direction to theory, research, and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kida Ejesi
- Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School
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Rogers LO, Kiang L, White L, Calzada EJ, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Byrd C, Williams CD, Marks A, Whitesell N. PERSISTENT CONCERNS: QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH ON ETHNIC-RACIAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT. Res Hum Dev 2020; 17:130-153. [PMID: 38239301 PMCID: PMC10796073 DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2020.1831881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Research on ethnic-racial identity (ERI) and its development has increased exponentially over the past decade. In this paper we discuss five questions that the Lifespan ERI Study Group grappled with in our effort propose a lifespan model of ERI: (1) When does ERI development begin and end? (2) How do we account for age-dependent and contextually-initiated factors in ERI? (3) Should there be a reference point for healthy ERI, and if so, what is it? (4) How do the multiplicities of identity (intersectionality, multiracialism, whiteness) figure into our conceptualization of ERI? (5) How do we understand the role of ERI in pursuit of equity, diversity, and social justice? We note that these are persistent questions in ERI research, and thus our goal is to present our collective reckoning with these issues as well as our ponderings about why they persist. We conclude with recommendations forthe kinds of research questions, designs, and methods that developmental science, in particular, needs to pursue.
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White L, Riley B, Malla U, Snels N, Mitchell A, Abi-Fares C, Basson W, Anstey C. Erector spinae block versus serratus anterior block in chest wall trauma, which is better?: A response and decision making guide. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 38:2221-2223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Brennecke G, Stoeber FS, Kettner M, Keil J, White L, Vasilache A, von Klitzing K, Radeloff D. Suicide among immigrants in Germany. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:435-443. [PMID: 32663973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The identification of high-risk groups is crucial in public health suicide prevention approaches. This study aims to compare suicide risks of Germans with nine of the largest immigrant populations living in Germany. METHODS Based on a German national database of mortality statistics, the number of suicides in Germans and immigrants was available for the study period (2000 - 2017), stratified for gender and age groups. Standard mortality ratios (SMR) for suicide were computed since age distributions differed between populations. Moreover, SMR of immigrant populations were correlated with potential risk and resilience factors. RESULTS The analysed dataset covers a period of 18 years, which translates to over 1.47 billion life years (LY) and 206,056 recorded suicides. 134,971,779 LY (10.1%) and 8,936 (4.3%) suicides were assigned to non-German citizens. SMR, calculated for nine of the largest immigrant populations, were lower compared with the German reference population ranging from 0.24 (Greek nationality) to 0.86 (Russian nationality). SMR in immigrants was highest in adolescents and declined with age. SMR was associated with country of origin (CO) suicide rates as well as with socio-economic factors of immigrant groups in Germany. With the global financial crisis, suicide risk of immigrants from the most affected countries decreased more strongly compared to immigrants from other CO. CONCLUSIONS The suicide risk strongly differs between the individual immigrant groups and is associated with risk factors of the respective CO. Therefore, future suicide prevention approaches in immigrants should take CO-specific vulnerabilities into account as well as age-related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brennecke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 , Leipzig, Germany
| | - F S Stoeber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 , Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Kettner
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Keil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 , Leipzig, Germany
| | - L White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 , Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Vasilache
- Center for German and European Studies (CGES), Faculty of Sociology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - K von Klitzing
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 , Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Radeloff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 , Leipzig, Germany.
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Forsyth S, Yip K, Foran B, Gougis P, Wheeler G, White L, Chandrakumar A, Blair K, Pathak Y, Spanswick V, Lowe H, Hartley J, Forster M. 979TiP POPPY: A phase II trial to assess the efficacy and safety profile of pembrolizumab in patients with performance status 2 with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Brower J, LaBarge MC, White L, Mitchell MS. Examining Responsiveness to an Incentive-Based Mobile Health App: Longitudinal Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16797. [PMID: 32773371 PMCID: PMC7445608 DOI: 10.2196/16797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Carrot Rewards app was developed as part of a public-private partnership to reward Canadians with loyalty points for downloading the app, referring friends, completing educational health quizzes, and health-related behaviors with long-term objectives of increasing health knowledge and encouraging healthy behaviors. During the first 3 months after program rollout in British Columbia, a number of program design elements were adjusted, creating observed differences between groups of users with respect to the potential impact of program features on user engagement levels. Objective This study examines the impact of reducing reward size over time and explored the influence of other program features such as quiz timing, health intervention content, and type of reward program on user engagement with a mobile health (mHealth) app. Methods Participants in this longitudinal, nonexperimental observational study included British Columbia citizens who downloaded the app between March and July 2016. A regression methodology was used to examine the impact of changes to several program design features on quiz offer acceptance and engagement with this mHealth app. Results Our results, based on the longitudinal app use of 54,917 users (mean age 35, SD 13.2 years; 65.03% [35,647/54,917] female), indicated that the key drivers of the likelihood of continued user engagement, in order of greatest to least impact, were (1) type of rewards earned by users (eg, movies [+355%; P<.001], air travel [+210%; P<.001], and grocery [+140%; P<.001] relative to gas), (2) time delay between early offers (−64%; P<.001), (3) the content of the health intervention (eg, healthy eating [−10%; P<.001] vs exercise [+20%, P<.001] relative to health risk assessments), and (4) changes in the number of points offered. Our results demonstrate that reducing the number of points associated with a particular quiz by 10% only led to a 1% decrease in the likelihood of offer response (P<.001) and that each of the other design features had larger impacts on participant retention than did changes in the number of points. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that this program, built around the principles of behavioral economics in the form of the ongoing awarding of a small number of reward points instantly following the completion of health interventions, was able to drive significantly higher engagement levels than those demonstrated in previous literature exploring the intersection of mHealth apps and financial incentives. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of incentive matters to user engagement; however, our results indicate that the number of points offered for these reward point–based health interventions is less important than other program design features such as the type of reward points being offered, the timing of intervention and reward offers, and the content of the health interventions in driving continued engagement by users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Brower
- Smith School of Business, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Monica C LaBarge
- Smith School of Business, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marc S Mitchell
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Mitchell M, Lau E, White L, Faulkner G. Commercial App Use Linked With Sustained Physical Activity In Two Canadian Provinces: A 12-month Quasi-experimental Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000684404.66338.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mills WR, Sender S, Lichtefeld J, Romano N, Reynolds K, Price M, Phipps J, White L, Howard S, Poltavski D, Barnes R. Supporting individuals with intellectual and developmental disability during the first 100 days of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA. J Intellect Disabil Res 2020; 64:489-496. [PMID: 32490559 PMCID: PMC7300850 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown how the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the current acute respiratory illness COVID-19 pandemic that has infected millions of people, affects people with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). The aim of this study is to describe how individuals with IDD have been affected in the first 100 days of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Shortly after the first COVID-19 case was reported in the USA, our organisation, which provides continuous support for over 11 000 individuals with IDD, assembled an outbreak committee composed of senior leaders from across the health care organisation. The committee led the development and deployment of a comprehensive COVID-19 prevention and suppression strategy, utilising current evidence-based practice, while surveilling the global and local situation daily. We implemented enhanced infection control procedures across 2400 homes, which were communicated to our employees using multi-faceted channels including an electronic resource library, mobile and web applications, paper postings in locations, live webinars and direct mail. Using custom-built software applications enabling us to track patient, client and employee cases and exposures, we leveraged current public health recommendations to identify cases and to suppress transmission, which included the use of personal protective equipment. A COVID-19 case was defined as a positive nucleic acid test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. RESULTS In the 100-day period between 20 January 2020 and 30 April 2020, we provided continuous support for 11 540 individuals with IDD. Sixty-four per cent of the individuals were in residential, community settings, and 36% were in intermediate care facilities. The average age of the cohort was 46 ± 12 years, and 60% were male. One hundred twenty-two individuals with IDD were placed in quarantine for exhibiting symptoms and signs of acute infection such as fever or cough. Sixty-six individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and their average age was 50. The positive individuals were located in 30 different homes (1.3% of total) across 14 states. Fifteen homes have had single cases, and 15 have had more than one case. Fifteen COVID-19-positive individuals were hospitalised. As of 30 April, seven of the individuals hospitalised have been discharged back to home and are recovering. Five remain hospitalised, with three improving and two remaining in intensive care and on mechanical ventilation. There have been three deaths. We found that among COVID-19-positive individuals with IDD, a higher number of chronic medical conditions and male sex were characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS In the first 100 days of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA, we observed that people with IDD living in congregate care settings can benefit from a coordinated approach to infection control, case identification and cohorting, as evidenced by the low relative case rate reported. Male individuals with higher numbers of chronic medical conditions were more likely to be hospitalised, while most younger, less chronically ill individuals recovered spontaneously at home.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Sender
- BrightSpring Health ServicesLouisvilleKYUSA
| | | | - N. Romano
- BrightSpring Health ServicesLouisvilleKYUSA
| | | | - M. Price
- BrightSpring Health ServicesLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - J. Phipps
- BrightSpring Health ServicesLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - L. White
- BrightSpring Health ServicesLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - S. Howard
- BrightSpring Health ServicesLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - D. Poltavski
- BrightSpring Health ServicesLouisvilleKYUSA
- University of North DakotaGrand ForksNDUSA
| | - R. Barnes
- BrightSpring Health ServicesLouisvilleKYUSA
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Riley B, Malla U, Snels N, Mitchell A, Abi-Fares C, Basson W, Anstey C, White L. Erector spinae blocks for the management of rib fractures: A pilot matched study. J Clin Anesth 2020; 63:109780. [PMID: 32172153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Riley
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - U Malla
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - N Snels
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - A Mitchell
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - C Abi-Fares
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - W Basson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - C Anstey
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - L White
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, QLD, Australia.
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Mitchell M, Lau E, White L, Faulkner G. Commercial app use linked with sustained physical activity in two Canadian provinces: a 12-month quasi-experimental study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:24. [PMID: 32098625 PMCID: PMC7043029 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Top tier commercial physical activity apps rarely undergo peer-reviewed evaluation. Even fewer are assessed beyond six months, the theoretical threshold for behaviour maintenance. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a multi-component commercial app rewarding users with digital incentives for walking was associated with an increase in physical activity over one year. Methods This 12-month quasi-experimental study was conducted in two Canadian provinces (n = 39,113 participants). Following a two-week baseline period, participants earned digital incentives ($0.04 CAD/day) every day they reached a personalized daily step goal. Mixed-effects models estimated changes in weekly mean daily step count between the baseline period and the last two recorded weeks. Models were fit for several engagement groups and separately by baseline physical activity status within engagement groups. Results Nearly half of participants (43%) were categorized as physically inactive at baseline (fewer than 5000 daily steps), and 60% engaged with the app for at least six months [‘Regular’ (24–51 weeks of step data) or ‘Committed’ sub-groups (52 weeks)]. Weekly mean daily step count increased for physically inactive users regardless of engagement status (P < .0001). The increase was largest for ‘Regular’ and ‘Committed’ participants—1215 and 1821 steps/day, respectively. For physically active participants, step count increases were only observed in the ‘Committed’ sub-group (P < .0001). Effect sizes were modest-to-medium depending on the sub-group analyzed. Conclusions A commercial app providing small but immediate digital incentives for individualized goals was associated with an increased weekly mean daily step count on a population-scale over one year. This effect was more evident for physically inactive and more engaged participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mitchell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Arts & Humanities Building, Western University, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada. .,Carrot Insights Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Erica Lau
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Guy Faulkner
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Rondina Ii R, Pearson EK, Prapavessis H, White L, Richard S, Mitchell MS. Bright spots, physical activity investments that (almost) worked: Carrot Rewards app, driving engagement with pennies a day. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:927-929. [PMID: 31712256 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renante Rondina Ii
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Carrot Insights Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma K Pearson
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Marc S Mitchell
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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White L, Azzam A, Burrage L, Orme C, Kay B, Higgins S, Kaye S, Sloss A, Broom J, Weston N, Mitchell J, O’Beirne J. Facilitating treatment of HCV in primary care in regional Australia: closing the access gap. Frontline Gastroenterol 2019; 10:210-216. [PMID: 31288252 PMCID: PMC6583569 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2018-101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australia has unrestricted access to direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. In order to increase access to treatment, primary care providers are able to prescribe DAA after fibrosis assessment and specialist consultation. Transient elastography (TE) is recommended prior to commencement of HCV treatment; however, TE is rarely available outside secondary care centres in Australia and therefore a requirement for TE could represent a barrier to access to HCV treatment in primary care. OBJECTIVES In order to bridge this access gap, we developed a community-based TE service across the Sunshine Coast and Wide Bay areas of Queensland. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a prospectively recorded HCV treatment database. INTERVENTIONS A nurse-led service equipped with two mobile Fibroscan units assesses patients in eight locations across regional Queensland. Patients are referred into the service via primary care and undergo nurse-led TE at a location convenient to the patient. Patients are discussed at a weekly multidisciplinary team meeting and a treatment recommendation made to the referring GP. Treatment is initiated and monitored in primary care. Patients with cirrhosis are offered follow-up in secondary care. RESULTS 327 patients have undergone assessment and commenced treatment in primary care. Median age 48 years (IQR 38-56), 66% male. 57% genotype 1, 40% genotype 3; 82% treatment naïve; 10% had cirrhosis (liver stiffness >12.5 kPa). The majority were treated with sofosbuvir-based regimens. 26% treated with 8-week regimens. All patients had treatment prescribed and monitored in primary care. Telephone follow-up to confirm sustained virological response (SVR) was performed by clinic nurses. 147 patients remain on treatment. 180 patients have completed treatment. SVR data were not available for 19 patients (lost to follow-up). Intention-to-treat SVR rate was 85.5%. In patients with complete data SVR rate was 95.6%. CONCLUSION Community-based TE assessment facilitates access to HCV treatment in primary care with excellent SVR rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren White
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ali Azzam
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren Burrage
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare Orme
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barbara Kay
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Higgins
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simone Kaye
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Sloss
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Broom
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicola Weston
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - James O’Beirne
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia,University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
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Manning G, Hendry B, Taylor S, Jones W, Strader M, Bencomo T, Bailey L, Bedolla C, Roldan C, Moudiotis B, Vaidya C, Anning S, Bunce S, Estcourt E, Folland E, Gordon C, Harrill J, Ireland J, Piper L, Scaife K, Sutton S, Wilkins M, Costelloe J, Palmer L, Casas C, Miller M, Burgard C, Erickson J, Hallanger-Johnson P, Clark W, Taylor A, Lafferty S, Gillett C, Nolan M, Pathak L, Sondrol T, Hjelle S, Hafner J, Kotrba R, Hendrickson A, Cemeroglu T, Symington M, Daniel Y, Appiagyei-Dankah D, Postellon M, Racine L, Kleis K, Barnes S, Godwin H, McCullough K, Shaheen G, Buck L, Noel M, Warren S, Weber S, Parker I, Gillespie B, Nelson C, Frost J, Amrhein E, Moreland A, Hayes J, Peggram J, Aisenberg M, Riordan J, Zasa E, Cummings K, Scott T, Pinto A, Mokashi K, McAssey E, Helden P, Hammond L, Dinning S, Rahman S, Ray C, Dimicri S, Guppy H, Nielsen C, Vogel C, Ariza L, Morales Y, Chang R, Gabbay L, Ambrocio L, Manley R, Nemery W, Charlton P, Smith L, Kerr B, Steindel-Kopp M, Alamaguer D, Liljenquist G, Browning T, Coughenour M, Sulk E, Tsalikan M, Tansey J, Cabbage N. Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:192-199. [PMID: 30061316 PMCID: PMC6341285 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Triolo
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexandra Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Hansen A, Oates A, Gaskins D, Loest C, White L. 466 A comparison of chaffhaye and alfalfa hay on digestibility and glucose metabolism in mature, stock-type horses. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Hansen
- New Mexico state University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - A Oates
- New Mexico state University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - D Gaskins
- New Mexico state University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - C Loest
- New Mexico state University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - L White
- New Mexico state University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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Gaskins D, White L, Oates A, Hansen A. PSXVI-8 The effects of arginine or glutamine supplementation in late gestation mares on weanling growth. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Gaskins
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - L White
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - A Oates
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - A Hansen
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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Oates A, Gaskins D, Hansen A, Steiner R, Scholljegerdes E, White L. 460 Effects of maternal arginine supplementation to late gestation mares on foal growth and metabolic parameters. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Oates
- New Mexico state University,Chillicothe, OH, United States
| | - D Gaskins
- New Mexico state University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - A Hansen
- New Mexico state University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - R Steiner
- New Mexico state University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | | | - L White
- New Mexico state University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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Trout L, McEachern D, Mullany A, White L, Wexler L. Decoloniality as a Framework for Indigenous Youth Suicide Prevention Pedagogy: Promoting Community Conversations About Research to End Suicide. Am J Community Psychol 2018; 62:396-405. [PMID: 30561803 PMCID: PMC6300065 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous youth suicide remains a substantial health disparity in circumpolar communities, despite prevention efforts through primary health care, public health campaigns, school systems, and social services. Innovations in prevention practice move away from expert-driven approaches to emphasize local control through processes that utilize research evidence, but privilege self- determined action based on local and personal contexts, meanings, and frameworks for action. "Promoting Community Conversations About Research to End Suicide" is a community health intervention that draws on networks of Indigenous health educators in rural Alaska, who host learning circles in which research evidence is used to spark conversations and empower community members to consider individual and collective action to support vulnerable people and create health-promoting conditions that reduce suicide risk. The first of nine learning circles focuses on narratives of local people who link the contemporary youth suicide epidemic to 20th century American colonialism, and situates prevention within this context. We describe the theoretical framework and feasibility and acceptability outcomes for this learning circle, and elucidate how the educational model engages community members in decolonial approaches to suicide prevention education and practice, thus serving as a bridge between Western and Indigenous traditions to generate collective knowledge and catalyze community healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Trout
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst Department of Health Promotion and Policy
| | | | - Anna Mullany
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst Department of Health Promotion and Policy
| | - Lauren White
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst Department of Health Promotion and Policy
| | - Lisa Wexler
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst Department of Health Promotion and Policy
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Tom S, Crane P, Zhao C, Gutierrez J, White L. ANTHROPOMETRY, EARLY LIFE ENVIRONMENT, AND COGNITION AMONG OLDER JAPANESE AMERICAN MEN. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L White
- Pacific Health Research & Education Institute
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Mitchell M, White L, Lau E, Leahey T, Adams MA, Faulkner G. Evaluating the Carrot Rewards App, a Population-Level Incentive-Based Intervention Promoting Step Counts Across Two Canadian Provinces: Quasi-Experimental Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018; 6:e178. [PMID: 30148712 PMCID: PMC6231836 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.9912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Carrot Rewards app was developed as part of an innovative public-private partnership to reward Canadians with loyalty points, exchangeable for retail goods, travel rewards, and groceries for engaging in healthy behaviors such as walking. Objective This study examined whether a multicomponent intervention including goal setting, graded tasks, biofeedback, and very small incentives tied to daily step goal achievement (assessed by built-in smartphone accelerometers) could increase physical activity in two Canadian provinces, British Columbia (BC) and Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Methods This 12-week, quasi-experimental (single group pre-post) study included 78,882 participants; 44.39% (35,014/78,882) enrolled in the Carrot Rewards “Steps” walking program during the recruitment period (June 13–July 10, 2016). During the 2-week baseline (or “run-in”) period, we calculated participants’ mean steps per day. Thereafter, participants earned incentives in the form of loyalty points (worth Can $0.04 ) every day they reached their personalized daily step goal (ie, baseline mean+1000 steps=first daily step goal level). Participants earned additional points (Can $0.40) for meeting their step goal 10+ nonconsecutive times in a 14-day period (called a “Step Up Challenge”). Participants could earn up to Can $5.00 during the 12-week evaluation period. Upon meeting the 10-day contingency, participants could increase their daily goal by 500 steps, aiming to gradually increase the daily step number by 3000. Only participants with ≥5 valid days (days with step counts: 1000-40,000) during the baseline period were included in the analysis (n=32,229).The primary study outcome was mean steps per day (by week), analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results The mean age of 32,229 participants with valid baseline data was 33.7 (SD 11.6) years; 66.11% (21,306/32,229) were female. The mean daily step count at baseline was 6511.22. Over half of users (16,336/32,229, 50.69%) were categorized as “physically inactive,” accumulating <5000 daily steps at baseline. Results from mixed-effects models revealed statistically significant increases in mean daily step counts when comparing baseline with each study week (P<.001). Compared with baseline, participants walked 115.70 more steps (95% CI 74.59 to 156.81; P<.001) at study week 12. BC and NL users classified as “high engagers” (app engagement above sample median; 15,511/32,229, 48.13%) walked 738.70 (95% CI 673.81 to 803.54; P<.001) and 346.00 (95% CI 239.26 to 452.74; P<.001) more steps, respectively. Physically inactive, high engagers (7022/32,229, 21.08%) averaged an increase of 1224.66 steps per day (95% CI 1160.69 to 1288.63; P<.001). Effect sizes were modest. Conclusions Providing very small but immediate rewards for personalized daily step goal achievement as part of a multicomponent intervention increased daily step counts on a population scale, especially for physically inactive individuals and individuals who engaged more with the walking program. Positive effects in both BC and NL provide evidence of replicability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erica Lau
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tricia Leahey
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Marc A Adams
- Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Guy Faulkner
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Parikh S, Murray L, Kenning L, Bottomley D, Din O, Dixit S, Ferguson C, Handforth C, Joseph L, Mokhtar D, White L, Wright G, Henry A. Real-world Outcomes and Factors Predicting Survival and Completion of Radium 223 in Metastatic Castrate-resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:548-555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Faulkner G, Bassett-Gunter R, White L, Berry TR, Tremblay MS. Can The Moblees™ Move Canadian Children? Investigating the Impact of a Television Program on Children's Physical Activity. Front Public Health 2018; 6:206. [PMID: 30090806 PMCID: PMC6068359 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of messaging about physical activity and sedentary behavior purposefully integrated into children's TV programming on children's behavior is unknown. The Moblees is a Canadian childrens' show that explicitly promotes physical activity. Two studies were conducted to (1) examine whether children were more physically active when watching a Moblees episode, and (2) explore parental perceptions of the show. Methods: Study 1 was an experimental study with 21 families randomized to watch an episode of The Moblees vs. a control condition. Movement was assessed through accelerometry and observation. A Chi-square test was used to compare the direct observation proportions of children sitting between intervention and control conditions. Independent t-tests were performed to examine the differences in total vector magnitude counts between the experimental and control groups. Study 2 was an online cross-sectional study with 104 parent/child dyads that included viewing an episode of The Moblees. To identify correlates and predictors of parent-reported child PA during viewing The Moblees compared to other TV programs, Pearson's correlations and a linear regression were calculated, respectively. Results: In study 1 there was a significant association between condition and whether or not children remained sitting χ2 = 55.96, p < 0.001. There was a significant difference in counts between the two conditions, t(13, 61) = 2.29, p < 0.05. Children randomized to the experimental group (i.e., Moblees) moved more compared to control. In study 2 the majority (76%) of parents reported that their child engaged in some physical activity during viewing. Parent encouragement during viewing was the strongest predictor of child physical activity while viewing (β = 0.30, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Television content that includes messaging about physical activity and sedentary behavior, and positive portrayals of physical activity may influence the physical activity of young children. Although the benefits of such modest movement are not clear without further evidence of accumulation over time and/or transfer to other settings, television programming might provide a far reaching medium for knowledge translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Lauren White
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tanya R Berry
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Dale LP, White L, Mitchell M, Faulkner G. Smartphone app uses loyalty point incentives and push notifications to encourage influenza vaccine uptake. Vaccine 2018; 37:4594-4600. [PMID: 29699784 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carrot Rewards is a free, incentive-based, smartphone health app available in participating provinces in Canada. One feature of Carrot was designed to incentivize influenza vaccine education messages and encourage vaccine uptake for users in the province of British Columbia. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake of the Carrot Flu Campaign educational quiz and to determine if mobile "push" notifications, plus loyalty point incentives, resulted in users visiting a sponsored pharmacy to discuss and receive the influenza vaccine. METHODS The Carrot Flu Campaign delivered an in-app quiz, educating users on the importance of the influenza vaccine. Push notifications were then sent to users when they came within 200 m of a sponsored pharmacy. Those who visited the pharmacy collected bonus points and completed a follow up quiz tracking influenza vaccine behaviour. A sub-sample of users completed the Flu Campaign between their baseline and follow up Health Risk Assessment (HRA), a survey which asked about influenza vaccine uptake behaviour. Descriptive statistics were summarized. RESULTS A total of 38.1% (30,538/80,228) registered Carrot users completed the Flu Campaign quiz. Of those in participating cities (n = 21,469), 41% clicked on the map to show the nearest sponsored pharmacy and 78% enabled their smartphone's "locations" feature, allowing them to receive the push notifications. A small number of users spoke to a pharmacist (n = 96) and less than half reported receiving the influenza vaccine (38/96; 39.6%). From the HRA sub-sample (n = 3693), approximately 5% more users reported receiving the influenza vaccine during the 2017 influenza season compared to the previous year. CONCLUSIONS Carrot Rewards used a novel delivery method to educate the general population and showed geolocation could be used to facilitate influenza vaccine uptake. Future iterations could tailor content to target those most at risk and should consider more robust evaluation methods to determine the app's effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Mitchell
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Hein L, White L, Miles A, Roberts P. Analysing the impacts of air quality policies on ecosystem services; a case study for Telemark, Norway. J Environ Manage 2018; 206:650-663. [PMID: 29132088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in considering the effects of air pollution on ecosystem services supply in order to enhance cost-benefit analyses of air pollution policies. This paper presents a generic, conceptual approach that can be used to link atmospheric deposition of air pollutants to ecosystem services supply and societal benefits. The approach is applied in a case study in the Telemark county of Norway. First, we examine the potential effects of four European air quality policy scenarios on N deposition in the ecosystems of this county. Second, we analyse the subsequent impacts on the supply of three ecosystem services: carbon sequestration, timber production and biodiversity. Changes in the supply of the first two services are analysed in both physical and monetary units, biodiversity effects are only analysed in physical terms. The scenarios derive from work conducted in the context of the European National Emissions Ceilings Directive. In the 2010 base case the benefits of carbon sequestration are estimated at 13 million euro per year and the value of timber harvesting at 2.9 million euro per year. Under the examined policy scenarios aiming to reduce nitrogen emissions the societal benefits resulting from these two ecosystem services in Telemark are found to be reduced; the scenarios have little effect on terrestrial biodiversity. Such results cannot be scaled up, individual ecosystem services respond differently to changes in air pollution depending upon type of pollutant, type of ecosystem, type of service, and the magnitude of change. The paper further presents an analysis of the uncertainties that need to be considered in linking air pollution and ecosystem services including those in deposition rates, ecosystem responses, human responses and in the values of ecosystem services. Our conceptual approach is also useful for larger scale analysis of air pollution effects on ecosystem services, for example at national or potentially European scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hein
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - L White
- Aeris Europe, Strouds, Church Lane, Horsted Keynes, RH17 7AY, UK
| | - A Miles
- Aeris Europe, Strouds, Church Lane, Horsted Keynes, RH17 7AY, UK
| | - P Roberts
- Concawe, Boulevard du Souverain 165, B-1160, Brussels, Belgium
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