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Zhao Y, Chang YH, Ren HR, Lou M, Jiang FW, Wang JX, Chen MS, Liu S, Shi YS, Zhu HM, Li JL. Phthalates Induce Neurotoxicity by Disrupting the Mfn2-PERK Axis-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Interaction. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:7411-7422. [PMID: 38390847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), as the most common phthalate, has been extensively used as a plasticizer to improve the plasticity of agricultural products, which pose severe harm to human health. Mitochondrial dynamics and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis are indispensable for maintaining mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) integrity. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of DEHP on the nervous system and its association with the ER-mitochondria interaction. Here, we showed that DEHP caused morphological changes, motor deficits, cognitive impairments, and blood-brain barrier disruption in the brain. DEHP triggered ER stress, which is mainly mediated by protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling. Moreover, DEHP-induced mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) downregulation results in imbalance of the mitochondrial dynamics. Interestingly, DEHP exposure impaired MAMs by inhibiting the Mfn2-PERK interaction. Above all, this study elucidates the disruption of the Mfn2-PERK axis-mediated ER-mitochondria interaction as a phthalate-induced neurotoxicity that could be potentially developed as a novel therapy for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Hang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Ming Lou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Wei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Sheng Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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2
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Wang X, Li D, Zheng X, Hong Y, Zhao J, Deng W, Wang M, Shen L, Long C, Wei G, Wu S. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces ferroptosis in prepubertal mouse testes via the lipid metabolism pathway. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:1747-1758. [PMID: 38050670 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer, has been shown to cause reproductive toxicity, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of DEHP-induced testicular damage. In vivo study, we administered different doses of DEHP (0, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day) to male C57BL/6 mice from 22 and 35 days after birth. We found that DEHP exposure induced histopathological alterations in prepubertal testes, and testicular lipidomics indicated notable alterations in lipid metabolism and significant enrichment of ferroptosis. Further tests showed that ferrous iron (Fe2+ ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased after DEHP exposure. Western blotting revealed that DEHP exposure reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, and elevated acyl coenzyme A synthetase long-chain member 4 (ACSL4) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) expression. The in vitro results were consistent with the in vivo results. When Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were treated with ferrostatin-1 and monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), MEHP-induced increases in Fe2+ and MDA levels, accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species, downregulation of GPX4, and upregulation of ACSL4 and LPCAT3 were reversed. Collectively, our findings suggested that aberrant lipid metabolism and ferroptosis may be involved in prepubertal DEHP exposure-induced testicular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Dinggang Li
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangqin Zheng
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Hong
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingxin Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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Li L, Su Y, Wang S, Wang C, Ruan N, Hu Z, Cheng X, Chen J, Yuan K, Li P, Fan P. Neonatal di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure induces permanent alterations in secretory CRH neuron characteristics in the hypothalamus paraventricular region of adult male rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114616. [PMID: 38007208 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play a critical role in the modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Early-life exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been associated with an increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The present work was designed to explore the impact of neonatal exposure to DEHP on adult PVN CRH neuronal activity. DEHP or vehicle was given to male rat pups from PND16 to PND22. Then, anxiety-like behaviors, serum corticosterone and testosterone, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, fluorescence in situ hybridization and acute ex vivo slice electrophysiological recordings were used to evaluate the influence of DEHP on adult PVN secretory CRH neurons. Neonatal DEHP-exposed rats exhibited enhanced anxiety-like behaviors in adults, with an increase in CORT. Secretory CRH neurons showed higher spontaneous firing activity but could be inhibited by GABAAR blockers. CRH neurons displayed fewer firing spikes, prolonged first-spike latency, depolarizing shifts in GABA reversal potential and strengthened GABAergic inputs, as indicated by increases in the frequency and amplitude of sIPSCs. Enhancement of GABAergic transmission was accompanied by upregulated expression of GAD67 and downregulated expression of GABABR1, KCC2 and GAT1. These findings suggest that neonatal exposure to DEHP permanently altered the characteristics of secretory CRH neurons in the PVN, which may contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ying Su
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Brain Injury Center, Department of Neurosurgery, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Naqi Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhiyan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Kaiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Peijun Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Pei Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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4
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Wang HR, Li MZ, Cui JG, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Li JL. Lycopene Prevents Phthalate-Induced Cognitive Impairment via Modulating Ferroptosis. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:16727-16738. [PMID: 37871231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is frequently used as a plasticizer in industrial and agricultural products. DEHP can cause severe neurotoxicity, such as impaired learning and memory function. Lycopene (LYC) as a carotenoid exerts excellent antioxidant capacity and therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether LYC can prevent the cognitive impairment induced by DEHP and the specific mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, the behavioral test results suggested that LYC alleviated the learning and memory impairment induced by DEHP. The histopathological data revealed that LYC attenuated DEHP-induced disordered arrangement of the neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus tissue. Moreover, LYC inhibited the occurrence of DEHP-induced ferroptosis via regulating iron metabolism, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and activating the cysteine transporter and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (NrF2/HO-1) signaling pathway. Overall, the study contributes novel perspectives into the potential mechanisms of LYC preventing phthalate-induced cognitive impairment in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Zi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Gen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
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5
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Kuo FC, Tsai ML, Wu ST, Li SS, Wu CF, Wang SL, Chan MWY, Suen JL, Wu MT, Hung CH. Maternal di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure elicits offspring IFN-λ upregulation: Insights from birth cohort, murine model, and in vitro mechanistic analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113993. [PMID: 37611859 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), an environmental endocrine disruptor, may lead to developmental immunotoxicity in offspring. The causal relationship and underlying mechanism require further study. A subset of Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study data (n = 283) was analyzed and found a significant association between urinary DEHP metabolite levels from the third trimester of pregnancy and plasma levels of IL-28A and IL-29, named IFNλs, in cord blood. A trans-maternal murine model mimicking human DEHP exposure way showed that bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from maternal DEHP-exposed F1 offspring secreted higher IL-28A levels than control cells, indicating a potential causal relationship. Human bronchial epithelial cell lines treated with DEHP or its primary metabolite, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hexyl) phthalate (MEHP), expressed significantly higher levels of IFNλs mRNA or protein than controls. MEHP's effect on IFNλs expression was blocked by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ antagonists, and inhibited by a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor or a histone methyltransferase inhibitor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that MEHP treatment promoted histone modifications at H3 and H4 proteins at the promoter regions of Il28a and Il29 genes. These results suggest maternal DEHP exposure could result in high IFNλ expression in offspring, and the health risk of early-life exposure requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Lan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Ting Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Syuan Li
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; International Master Program of Translational Medicine, National United University, Miaoli 360, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Lin Wang
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan; Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Javaji K, Mamilla J, Deshpande SS, Kanaka RY, Amanchy R, Misra S. Clastogenic, aneugenic, and tubulin polymerization properties of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate. Toxicol Ind Health 2023:7482337231182191. [PMID: 37437592 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231182191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate compounds were found to disrupt the endocrine system and alter transcriptomes during human embryonic development. In our previous work, we have isolated and reported two such phthalates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) from Brevibacterium mcbrellneri bacteria and evaluated their bioactive properties. Naturally derived phthalates might be less toxic compared with synthesized molecules. We have investigated biologically isolated phthalates to understand the possible genotoxic effects in mice and further investigated in silico binding and polymerization of β-tubulin. Three sub-lethal concentrations of DEHP (150 μM, 175 μM, and 200 μM) and DBP (10 μM, 15 μM, and 30 μM) were studied. The results showed that the phthalates were found to be highly genotoxic in nature. However, the pattern of genotoxic effects was not found to be dose-dependent in the induction of chromosome aberrations (CA), micronuclei (MN), and changes in the mitotic index (MI) in cells. In silico studies of phthalates on polymerization of β-tubulin suggested that both DBP and DEHP were able to interact with the hydrogen bonds and make strong van der Waals interactions with β-tubulin thereby possibly causing destabilization of microtubule network. Our study suggests that these phthalates might be playing an important role in normal cell division thereby showing highly genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Javaji
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jhansi Mamilla
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shruti S Deshpande
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Raju Y Kanaka
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramars Amanchy
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Shi QQ, Zhang XQ, Zhang ZM, Wang NB, Liu H, Zhang RR, Sun AL, Chen J, Shi XZ. Transcriptome sequencing and metabolite analysis reveal the single and combined effects of microplastics and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on Peneaus vannamei. Sci Total Environ 2023; 867:161549. [PMID: 36640892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rising usage of plastics, plastic debris are present throughout marine ecosystems and detrimentally affects marine biota. Additionally, plastics likely result in elusive toxicity effects due to addition of plasticizers. The aim of the present study was to reveal the potential effects and mechanism of microplastics (MPs), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and copollution of MPs and DEHP (MPs-DEHP) on Peneaus vannamei (P. vannamei) juveniles regarding oxidative stress, transcriptomics and metabolomics. MPs, DEHP and MPs-DEHP significantly induced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); MPs and DEHP have an antagonistic effect for malondialdehyde (MDA); suggesting that disorders of the antioxidant defence systems. 13, 133 and 58 differentially expressed genes and 21, 82 and 39 differentially expressed metabolites were responsible for the distinction of MPs, DEHP and MPs-DEHP groups, respectively. The combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that MPs, DEHP and MPs-DEHP exposure disturbed amino acid and lipid metabolism, and further induced inflammatory responses and dysfunction of purine metabolism. Furthermore, the presence of MPs might alleviate the biotoxicity of DEHP in P. vannamei. These findings provide new insights into the single and combined toxicological effects of MPs and additives for marine biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 31211, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 31211, PR China.
| | - Ze-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 31211, PR China
| | - Ning-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 31211, PR China
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 31211, PR China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 31211, PR China
| | - Ai-Li Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 31211, PR China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 31211, PR China
| | - Xi-Zhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 31211, PR China.
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8
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Mao S, He C, Zhao Z, Wang F, Chen X, Liu X, Wang D. Lurgi-Thyssen dust catalytic thermal desorption remediation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate contaminated soils. J Environ Manage 2023; 330:117138. [PMID: 36623387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fe2O3-assisted pyrolysis has been demonstrated to be a cost-effective thermal desorption (TD) technology. Lurgi-Thyssen dust (LTD) is a type of steel slag waste that contains a large amount of Fe2O3. In this study, to reduce energy consumption, LTD was added to contaminated soil to evaluate the feasibility of enhancing the TD removal efficiency of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The DEHP removal rate increased by 22.39% after adding 2% LTD at 200 °C for 20 min. Because of the catalytic pyrolysis of LTD, DEHP was pyrolyzed to form three types of short-chain esters: mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), di (2-methylbutyl) ester, and methyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate. The pyrolysis products of DEHP were less toxic and did not affect soil reuse. When the DEHP removal rate was 87.10%, LTD addition decreased the temperature and residence time of TD and alleviated the effect of TD on the soil physicochemical properties. Additionally, the desorption of DEHP from soil fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. Thus, the addition of LTD to contaminated soil enhanced the efficiency of TD remediation. Moreover, this study could provide a practical and economical strategy for LTD reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Mao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chiquan He
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Daoyuan Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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9
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Wang M, Wang Y, Han J, Duan Z, Yin J, Ding R, Wang Q. Gestational and Lactational Co-Exposure to DEHP and BPA Impairs Hepatic Function via PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 Pathway in Offspring. Toxics 2023; 11:216. [PMID: 36976981 PMCID: PMC10058277 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) present significant environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical properties. Although studies have implied reproductive impairment from exposure to BPA and DEHP, no study to date has shown the effect and mechanism of hepatic function after gestational and lactational co-exposure to DEHP and BPA in offspring. A total of 36 perinatal rats were randomly divided into four groups, DEHP (600 mg/kg/day), BPA (80 mg/kg/day), DEHP combined with BPA (600 mg/kg/day + 80 mg/kg/day), and control. Notably, 11 chemical targets were screened after identifying eight substances associated with chemically-induced hepatic damage. Molecular docking simulations revealed a high-scoring combination of eight metabolic components and targets of the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. The DEHP and BPA combination disrupted hepatic steatosis, ultimately affecting systemic the glucose and the lipid metabolic homeostasis with significant toxicity. Mechanistically, co-exposure to DEHP and BPA causes liver dysfunction and hepatic insulin resistance via PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway in offspring. This is the first study of the hepatic function and mechanism of co-exposure to DEHP and BPA that combines metabolomics, molecular docking, and traditional toxicity assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Wang
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110031, China
| | - Junyuan Han
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Zhiwen Duan
- Shenyang Medical College, School of Public Health, Shenyang 110121, China
| | - Jiye Yin
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Rigao Ding
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Quanjun Wang
- State key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
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10
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Guo BC, Kuo KL, Huang JW, Chen CH, Tarng DC, Lee TS. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Limits the Lipid-Lowering Effects of Simvastatin by Promoting Protein Degradation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor: Role of PPARγ-PCSK9 and LXRα-IDOL Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36830035 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dialysis prevents death from uremia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Nevertheless, during hemodialysis, circulating levels of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are increased due to phthalates leaching from medical tubes. Statins are an effective therapy for reducing the risks associated with cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease; however, the mechanism by which statins fail to reduce cardiovascular events in hemodialysis ESRD patients remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether DEHP and its metabolites interfere with the lipid-lowering effect of statins in hepatocytes. In Huh7 cells, treatment with DEHP and its metabolites abolished the simvastatin-conferred lipid-lowering effect. Mechanistically, DEHP down-regulated the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and led to a decrease in LDL binding, which was mediated by the activation of the PPARγ-PCSK9 and LXRα-IDOL signaling pathways. Additionally, the NOX-ROS-TRPA1 pathway is involved in the DEHP-mediated inhibition of LDLR expression and LDL binding activity. Blockage of this pathway abrogated the DEHP-mediated inhibition in the LDLR expression and LDL binding of simvastatin. Collectively, DEHP induces the activation of the NOX-ROS-TRPA1 pathway, which in turn activates PPARγ-PCSK9- and LXRα-IDOL-dependent signaling, and, ultimately, diminishes the statin-mediated lipid-lowering effect in hepatocytes.
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11
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Carli F, Tait S, Busani L, Ciociaro D, Della Latta V, Pala AP, Deodati A, Raffaelli A, Pratesi F, Conte R, Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Fabbrizi E, Toffol G, Cianfarani S, La Rocca C, Gastaldelli A, Life Persuaded Project Group. Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors (Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and Bisphenol A (BPA)) in Women from Different Residing Areas in Italy: Data from the LIFE PERSUADED Project. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are plasticizers used in many industrial products that can act as endocrine disruptors and lead to metabolic diseases. During the LIFE PERSUADED project, we measured the urinary concentrations of BPA and Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) metabolites in 900 Italian women representative of the Italian female adult population (living in the north, centre, and south of Italy in both rural and urban areas). The whole cohort was exposed to DEHP and BPA with measurable levels above limit of detection in more than 99% and 95% of the samples, respectively. The exposure patterns differed for the two chemicals in the three macro-areas with the highest urinary levels for DEHP in south compared to central and northern Italy and for BPA in northern compared to central and southern Italy. BPA levels were higher in women living in urban areas, whereas no difference between areas was observed for DEHP. The estimated daily intake of BPA was 0.11 μg/kg per day, about 36-fold below the current temporary tolerable daily intake of 4 μg/kg per day established by the EFSA in 2015. The analysis of cumulative exposure showed a positive correlation between DEHP and BPA. Further, the reduction of exposure to DEHP and BPA, through specific legislative measures, is necessary to limit the harmfulness of these substances.
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12
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Li F, Luo T, Rong H, Lu L, Zhang L, Zheng C, Yi D, Peng Y, Lei E, Xiong X, Wang F, Garcia JM, Chen J. Maternal rodent exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate decreases muscle mass in the offspring by increasing myostatin. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2740-2751. [PMID: 36263449 PMCID: PMC9745490 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolites can cross the placenta and may cause birth defects and developmental disorders. However, whether maternal DEHP exposure affects skeletal muscle development in the offspring and the pathways involved are unknown. This study investigated the effects of maternal DEHP exposure and the contribution of myostatin (MSTN) to skeletal muscle development in the offspring. METHODS Pregnant wild-type and muscle-specific myostatin knockout (MSTN KO) C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive vehicle (corn oil) or 250 mg/kg DEHP by gavage every other day until their pups were weaned (postnatal day 21 [PND21]). Body weights of the offspring mice were measured longitudinally, and their hindleg muscles were harvested at PD21. Also, C2C12 cells were treated with mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the primary metabolite of DEHP, and proteolysis, protein synthesis, and myogenesis markers were measured. The contribution of myostatin to maternal DEHP exposure-induced muscle wasting in the offspring was determined. RESULTS Maternal DEHP exposure reduced body weight growth, myofibre size, and muscle mass in the offspring compared to controls (Quad: 2.70 ± 0.1 vs. 3.38 ± 0.23, Gastroc: 2.29 ± 0.09 vs. 2.81 ± 0.14, Tibialis: 1.01 ± 0.07 vs. 1.25 ± 0.11, mg/tibial length in mm, all P < 0.01, n = 35). Maternal DEHP exposure significantly increased Myostatin expression (2.45 ± 0.41 vs. 0.03 ± 0.00 DEHP vs. controls, P < 0.01, n = 5), Atrogin-1(2.68 ± 0.65 vs. 0.63 ± 0.01, P < 0.05, n = 5), MuRF1 (1.56 ± 0.51 vs. 0.31 ± 0.01, P < 0.05, n = 5), and Smad2/3 phosphorylation (4.12 ± 0.35 vs. 0.49 ± 0.18, P < 0.05), and decreased MyoD (0.27 ± 0.01 vs. 1.52 ± 0.01, P < 0.05, n = 5), Myogenin (0.25 ± 0.03 vs. 1.95 ± 0.56, P < 0.05, n = 5), and AKT phosphorylation (4.12 ± 0.35 vs. 1.00 ± 0.06, P < 0.05, n = 5), in skeletal muscle of the offspring in MSTNflox/flox , but not in MSTN KO mice. Maternal DEHP exposure resulted in up-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ, 4.12 ± 0.35 vs. 1.00 ± 0.19, P < 0.05, n = 5) in skeletal muscle of the offspring in MSTNflox/flox and MSTN KO mice (4.12 ± 0.35 vs. 4.35 ± 0.28, P > 0.05, n = 5). In vitro, C/EBPδ silencing abrogated the MEHP-induced increases in Myostatin, MuRF-1, and Atrogin-1 and decreases in MyoD and Myogenin expression. CONCLUSIONS Maternal DEHP exposure impairs skeletal muscle development in the offspring by enhancing the C/EBPδ-myostatin pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengju Li
- Department of Health Education, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Health Education, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of JiangjinChongqingChina
| | - Honghui Rong
- Department of Health Education, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Health Education, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Health Education, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Chuanfeng Zheng
- Department of Health Education, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Dali Yi
- Department of Health Education, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Health Education, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Enyu Lei
- Department of Health Education, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Xiaotao Xiong
- Department of Health Education, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Fengchao Wang
- Institute of Combined injury, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jose M. Garcia
- GRECCVA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ji‐an Chen
- Department of Health Education, College of Military Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
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13
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Tseng HH, Li CY, Wu ST, Su HH, Wong TH, Wu HE, Chang YW, Huang SK, Tsai EM, Suen JL. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Promotes Allergic Lung Inflammation by Modulating CD8α + Dendritic Cell Differentiation via Metabolite MEHP-PPARγ Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:581854. [PMID: 35663974 PMCID: PMC9160748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.581854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a common plasticizer, is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that can disrupt endocrine function. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic exposure to DEHP in the environment is associated with the prevalence of childhood allergic diseases; however, the underlying causal relationship and immunological mechanism remain unclear. This study explored the immunomodulatory effect of DEHP on allergic lung inflammation, while particularly focusing on the impact of DEHP and its metabolite on dendritic cell differentiation and activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). The results showed that exposure to DEHP at a human tolerable daily intake dose exacerbated allergic lung inflammation in mice. Ex vivo flow cytometric analysis revealed that DEHP-exposed mice displayed a significantly decreased number of CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) in spleens and DC progenitors in the bone marrow, as well as, less interleukin-12 production in splenic DCs and increased T helper 2 polarization. Pharmacological experiments showed that mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the main metabolite of DEHP, significantly hampered the differentiation of CD8α+ DCs from Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand-differentiated bone marrow culture, by modulating PPARγ activity. These results suggested that chronic exposure to DEHP at environmentally relevant levels, promotes allergic lung inflammation, at least in part, by altering DC differentiation through the MEHP-PPARγ axis. This study has crucial implications for the interaction(s) between environmental pollutants and innate immunity, with respect to the development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Han Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ting Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Han Su
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Wong
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-En Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Laboratory, Taitung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eing Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Wang WJ, Wang CS, Wang CK, Yang AM, Lin CY. Urine Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Metabolites Are Independently Related to Body Fluid Status in Adults: Results from a U.S. Nationally Representative Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19126964. [PMID: 35742214 PMCID: PMC9222572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been utilized in many daily products for decades. Previous studies have reported that DEHP exposure could induce renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation and increase epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity, which contributes to extracellular fluid (ECF) volume expansion. However, there is also no previous study to evaluate the association between DEHP exposure and body fluid status. Methods: We selected 1678 subjects (aged ≥18 years) from a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2003–2004 to determine the relationship between urine DEHP metabolites and body composition (body measures, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)). Results: After weighing the sampling strategy in multiple linear regression analysis, we report that higher levels of DEHP metabolites are correlated with increases in body measures (body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference), BIA parameters (estimated fat mass, percent body fat, ECF, and ECF/intracellular fluid (ICF) ratio) in multiple linear regression analysis. The relationship between DEHP metabolites and the ECF/ICF ratio was more evident in subjects of younger age (20–39 years old), women, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, and subjects who were not active smokers. Conclusion: In addition to being positively correlated with body measures and body fat, we found that urine DEHP metabolites were positively correlated with ECF and the ECF/ICF ratio in the US general adult population. The finding implies that DEHP exposures might increase ECF volume and the ECF/ICF ratio, which may have adverse health outcomes on the cardiovascular system. Further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Sung Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan; (C.-S.W.); (A.-M.Y.)
| | - Chi-Kang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - An-Ming Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan; (C.-S.W.); (A.-M.Y.)
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan; (C.-S.W.); (A.-M.Y.)
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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15
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Hosseinzadeh A, Mehrzadi S, Siahpoosh A, Basir Z, Bahrami N, Goudarzi M. Gallic acid ameliorates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular injury in adult mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221078867. [PMID: 35196152 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221078867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting compound inducing degeneration of testes. Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenol with various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Purpose: This research evaluated effects of different doses of GA on DEHP-induced testicular injury in adult mice.Research Design: Male mice were randomly divided into five groups and treated with agents for two weeks; group (I) received normal saline and corn oil (5 mL/kg/day, p. o.), group (II) received DEHP (2 g/kg/day, dissolved in corn oil, p. o.), groups (III, IV, and V) received DEHP + GA (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, p. o.). Body and testes weights, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were evaluated. The number of sperms and sperm motility and viability were analyzed in the cauda epididymis. Histological changes, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines levels were examined in testes.Results: Body and testes weights, the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte and early spermatid, and late spermatid and sperm vitality, and progressive motility were significantly reduced in mice exposed to DEHP. Serum testosterone level decreased and serum LH and FSH levels increased in DEHP-exposed mice. These alterations were associated with the increased oxidative stress level and inflammatory responses in testicular tissue. Treatment with GA (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) attenuated DEHP-induced alterations in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines and reversed abnormality in sperm characteristic and number, tissue structure, and serum hormones levels.Conclusions: Results indicated that GA might be a promising agent against male gonadal toxicity induced by endocrine disrupting chemicals including DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, 440827Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, 440827Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Siahpoosh
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Basir
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 48513Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nosrat Bahrami
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, 393563Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, 48407Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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16
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Sherif NAEH, El-Banna A, Abdel-Moneim RA, Sobh ZK, Balah MIF. The possible thyroid disruptive effect of di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate and the potential protective role of selenium and curcumin nanoparticles: a toxicological and histological study. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 11:108-121. [PMID: 35237416 PMCID: PMC8882772 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the ubiquitous pollutants worldwide. This study aimed to clarify the potential thyroid disrupting effect of DEHP and explore the probable ameliorative effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) and curcumin nanoparticles (CUR-NPs). Forty-two male albino rats were divided into seven groups (n = 6): Group I (negative control); group (II) orally received DEHP (500 mg/kg BW, dissolved in corn oil); Group (III) orally received Se-NPs (.2 mg/kg BW) in combination with DEHP; Group (IV) orally received CUR-NPs (15 mg/kg BW) alongside with DEHP; Group V (corn oil); Group VI (Se-NPs) and Group VII (CUR-NPs). The duration of the experiment was 30 days. DEHP administration significantly decreased serum free T4 and significantly increased serum free T3 as compared to control group, whereas thyroid-stimulating hormone showed no significant change. DEHP disrupted redox status leading to accumulation of malondialdehyde and depletion of reduced glutathione. Histologically, the effect of DEHP on thyroid follicles was confirmed by light and electron microscopic examination and morphometric analysis. Se-NPs slightly improved thyroid parameters as well as redox status. CUR-NPS reinstated the values of all studied thyroid parameters to nearly control levels. This research provides Se-NPs and CUR-NPs as novel protective agents against DEHP-thyroid disrupting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Abd El-Halim Sherif
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Asmaa El-Banna
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Zahraa Khalifa Sobh
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Manal Ibrahim Fathy Balah
- Correspondence address. Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt. Tel: +2 01007327966; E-mail: ; ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6018-5364. Permanent address: Champolion street, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
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17
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Chen CW, Tang SY, Hwang JS, Chan CC, Hsu CC, Lin CY, Su TC. Association between Levels of Urine Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Metabolites and Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults. Toxics 2021; 9:351. [PMID: 34941785 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phthalate exposure is associated with cardiovascular risk. Among the various phthalates, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a deleterious plasticizer in our daily lives. This study investigated the association between DEHP exposure and the alteration of heart rate variability (HRV). During 2017–2019, we recruited 974 young adults to investigate the effects of living environments and dietary habits on cardiometabolic disorders in Taiwan. We quantitatively analyzed urinary metabolites of DHEP. A continuous electrocardiogram was recorded to obtain a 5-min ECG. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV analyses were performed. Multiple linear regression showed that urinary oxidized DEHP metabolites MEHHP and MEOHP were associated with decreased HRV after controlling for associated cardiovascular risk factors. A higher MEHHP level was associated with a lower triangular interpolation of NN interval histogram (TINN), very low frequency (VLF), and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio. A higher MEOHP level was associated with a decreased LF/HF ratio. In addition, trend analysis showed that higher MEHHP and MEOHP quantiles were significantly associated with a decreased LF/HF ratio. DEHP is a potentially harmful and invisible chemical. The urinary DEHP metabolites MEHHP and MEOHP are associated with decreased HRV, indicating an adverse effect on autonomic balance in young adults in Taiwan.
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M'Rabet C, Kéfi-Daly Yahia O, Chomérat N, Zentz F, Bilien G, Pringault O. Transient effect of bisphenol A (BPA) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the cosmopolitan marine diatom Chaetoceros decipiens-lorenzianus. Environ Pollut 2021; 285:117362. [PMID: 34380207 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Incubation under controlled laboratory conditions were performed to assess the toxic effects of two plastic derived chemicals, bisphenol A (BPA) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on the growth, photosynthetic efficiency and photosynthetic activity of the cosmopolitan diatom Chaetoceros decipiens-lorenzianus. Non-axenic diatom cells were exposed to concentrations of BPA and DEHP (separately and in mixture), mimicking concentrations observed in contaminated marine ecosystems, for seven days. Upon short-term exposure (i.e., during the first 48 h), BPA and DEHP induced a slight but significant stimulation of biomass and photosynthetic activity relative to the control, whereas, no significant impact was observed on the photosynthetic efficiency. Nevertheless, this pattern was transient. The stimulation was followed by a return to control conditions for all treatments at the end of incubation. These results showed that the cosmopolitan diatom Chaetoceros was not impacted by representative in situ concentrations of plastic derivatives, thus confirming its ability to thrive in coastal anthropogenic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charaf M'Rabet
- Tunisian National Agronomic Institute (INAT), IRESA - Carthage University. LR18ES41 (Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques, Univ. Tunis EL Manar), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia; UMR 9190 MARBEC IRD-Ifremer-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
| | - Ons Kéfi-Daly Yahia
- Tunisian National Agronomic Institute (INAT), IRESA - Carthage University. LR18ES41 (Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques, Univ. Tunis EL Manar), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Nicolas Chomérat
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer- ODE/UL/LER Bretagne Occidentale, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP 40537, 29185, Concarneau, France.
| | - Frédéric Zentz
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, 29185, Concarneau, France.
| | - Gwenaël Bilien
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer- ODE/UL/LER Bretagne Occidentale, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, BP 40537, 29185, Concarneau, France.
| | - Olivier Pringault
- UMR 9190 MARBEC IRD-Ifremer-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Universite de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France.
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Ottoboni T, Lerner L, Santhouse A. Stability of Aprepitant Injectable Emulsion in Alternate Infusion Bags, in Refrigerated Storage, and Admixed with Dexamethasone and Palonosetron. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:2519-2527. [PMID: 34163138 PMCID: PMC8214512 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s282058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The stability of aprepitant injectable emulsion is evaluated in various admixture bags and solutions, under different storage conditions, and when combined with other antiemetics. Methods A volume of 18 mL aprepitant injectable emulsion was added to infusion bags (either non-di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP], polyvinyl chloride [PVC]-containing bags or non-DEHP, non-PVC bags) containing 100, 130, or 250 mL of 0.9% normal saline solution (NSS) or 5% dextrose in water (D5W). Bags were stored at controlled room temperature (20–25°C) for up to 12 hours or refrigerated (2–8°C) for up to 72 hours. Compatibility/stability was also assessed in admixtures combined with either dexamethasone or palonosetron. At specified time points, bags were tested for appearance, pH, assay for aprepitant (ie, percent label claim of aprepitant) and aprepitant-related substances, Z-average particle size, globule size distribution, particulate matter, and DEHP content (PVC bags). In separate analyses to assess microbial burden, bags containing aprepitant were inoculated with seven different organisms and assessed for microbial growth. Results There was no detectable impact on the physicochemical properties or potential to promote microbial growth of aprepitant when diluted with various amounts of either NSS or D5W and when admixed with either dexamethasone or palonosetron at room temperature for at least 6 hours or during refrigeration for up to 72 hours in either PVC- or non-PVC-containing bags. Conclusion Aprepitant-containing admixtures are stable under these conditions, a finding that may improve patient and provider convenience and reduce medication wastage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ottoboni
- Pharmaceutical and Translational Science, Heron Therapeutics, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura Lerner
- Pharmaceutical and Translational Science, Heron Therapeutics, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
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Wei ST, Chen YL, Wu YW, Wu TY, Lai YL, Wang PH, Ismail W, Lee TH, Chiang YR. Integrated Multi-omics Investigations Reveal the Key Role of Synergistic Microbial Networks in Removing Plasticizer Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate from Estuarine Sediments. mSystems 2021; 6:e0035821. [PMID: 34100638 DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00358-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plasticizer worldwide, with an annual global production of more than 8 million tons. Because of its improper disposal, endocrine-disrupting DEHP often accumulates in estuarine sediments in industrialized countries at submillimolar levels, resulting in adverse effects on both ecosystems and human beings. The microbial degraders and biodegradation pathways of DEHP in O2-limited estuarine sediments remain elusive. Here, we employed an integrated meta-omics approach to identify the DEHP degradation pathway and major degraders in this ecosystem. Estuarine sediments were treated with DEHP or its derived metabolites, o-phthalic acid and benzoic acid. The rate of DEHP degradation in denitrifying mesocosms was two times slower than that of o-phthalic acid, suggesting that side chain hydrolysis of DEHP is the rate-limiting step of anaerobic DEHP degradation. On the basis of microbial community structures, functional gene expression, and metabolite profile analysis, we proposed that DEHP biodegradation in estuarine sediments is mainly achieved through synergistic networks between denitrifying proteobacteria. Acidovorax and Sedimenticola are the major degraders of DEHP side chains; the resulting o-phthalic acid is mainly degraded by Aestuariibacter through the UbiD-dependent benzoyl coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA) pathway. We isolated and characterized Acidovorax sp. strain 210-6 and its extracellular hydrolase, which hydrolyzes both alkyl side chains of DEHP. Interestingly, genes encoding DEHP/mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) hydrolase and phthaloyl-CoA decarboxylase—key enzymes for side chain hydrolysis and o-phthalic acid degradation, respectively—are flanked by transposases in these proteobacterial genomes, indicating that DEHP degradation capacity is likely transferred horizontally in microbial communities. IMPORTANCE Xenobiotic phthalate esters (PAEs) have been produced on a considerably large scale for only 70 years. The occurrence of endocrine-disrupting di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in environments has raised public concern, and estuarine sediments are major DEHP reservoirs. Our multi-omics analyses indicated that complete DEHP degradation in O2-limited estuarine sediments depends on synergistic microbial networks between diverse denitrifying proteobacteria and uncultured candidates. Our data also suggested that the side chain hydrolysis of DEHP, rather than o-phthalic acid activation, is the rate-limiting step in DEHP biodegradation within O2-limited estuarine sediments. Therefore, deciphering the bacterial ecophysiology and related biochemical mechanisms can help facilitate the practice of bioremediation in O2-limited environments. Furthermore, the DEHP hydrolase genes of active DEHP degraders can be used as molecular markers to monitor environmental DEHP degradation. Finally, future studies on the directed evolution of identified DEHP/mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) hydrolase would bring a more catalytically efficient DEHP/MEHP hydrolase into practice.
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Zhang Y, Yu H, Li S, Wang L, Huang F, Guan R, Li J, Jiao Y, Sun J. Rapidly degradation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by Z-scheme Bi 2O 3/TiO 2@reduced graphene oxide driven by simulated solar radiation. Chemosphere 2021; 272:129631. [PMID: 33485039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a priority environmental pollutant with carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic toxicity. Because it is widely used and ubiquitous in water, it is urgent to use a non-toxic, fast, and non-temperature dependent photocatalyst for degradation. Herein, a Z-scheme heterojunction composite catalyst consisting of Bi2O3 and TiO2 with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a two-dimensional template was designed and characterized. Under simulated solar radiation, the catalyst doped with 4% rGO presented the best photocatalytic DEHP (10 mg L-1) degradation at pH = 6, reaching 89% conversion in 90 min, and the degradation rate was 2.05 times higher than unmodified materials. The successful preparation of the Z-scheme junction enhanced the utilization of visible light region, thereby improving the DEHP's photocatalytic degradation performance. Subsequently, density functional theory (DFT) combined with GC-MS metabolite detection to propose a complete DEHP photocatalytic degradation mechanism. ·O2- and ·OH were detected as the primary reactive oxygen radicals involved in DEHP degradation, which easily attacked the O11 site with a high Fukui index (f0) through de-esterification, β-oxidation, and hydroxylation. While satisfying the rapid degradation, the highly repeatable catalyst cleaved the aromatic ring so that DEHP achieved mineralization during the degradation process. Therefore, its ability to completely degrade was very promising for environmental remediation, especially in water treatment. Besides, there were only a few studies on the degradation mechanism and reaction pathway of DEHP under visible light, which provided a theoretical basis for the aromatic compounds' photocatalysis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Industrial Water Conservation & Municipal Sewage Resources Technology, School of Construction & Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shaofeng Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Industrial Water Conservation & Municipal Sewage Resources Technology, School of Construction & Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Fuxin Huang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Rui Guan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yaqi Jiao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Industrial Water Conservation & Municipal Sewage Resources Technology, School of Construction & Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
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Hung SC, Lin TI, Suen JL, Liu HK, Wu PL, Wu CY, Yang YCSH, Yang SN, Yang YN. Phthalate Exposure Pattern in Breast Milk within a Six-Month Postpartum Time in Southern Taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18115726. [PMID: 34073581 PMCID: PMC8198263 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a common plasticizer, has been detected in breast milk in many countries; however, whether phthalate metabolite concentration and the detection rate in breast milk change postpartum is still unknown. We measured phthalate metabolite concentrations in breast milk in the first 6 months postpartum in women enrolled in the E-Da hospital from January to July 2017. A total of 56 breastfeeding mothers and 66 samples were included in this study. We analyzed the samples’ concentration of eight phthalate metabolites using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The concentration of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) was significantly higher in the first month, and then decreased over time. The detection rate of ono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) was low in the first month and then increased over time. Compared with a previous study published in 2011, the levels of MEHP and MiBP in breast milk were much lower in the present study, suggesting an increased awareness of the health risks of phthalate exposure after a food scandal occurred in Taiwan. This study provides information for evaluating newborns’ exposure to different kinds of phthalate through human milk in the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Che Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (T.-I.L.); (H.-K.L.); (P.-L.W.); (C.-Y.W.); (S.-N.Y.)
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (T.-I.L.); (H.-K.L.); (P.-L.W.); (C.-Y.W.); (S.-N.Y.)
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Kuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (T.-I.L.); (H.-K.L.); (P.-L.W.); (C.-Y.W.); (S.-N.Y.)
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (T.-I.L.); (H.-K.L.); (P.-L.W.); (C.-Y.W.); (S.-N.Y.)
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (T.-I.L.); (H.-K.L.); (P.-L.W.); (C.-Y.W.); (S.-N.Y.)
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen S. H. Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - San-Nan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (T.-I.L.); (H.-K.L.); (P.-L.W.); (C.-Y.W.); (S.-N.Y.)
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ning Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (T.-I.L.); (H.-K.L.); (P.-L.W.); (C.-Y.W.); (S.-N.Y.)
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Li X, Han X, Vogt RD, Zhou J, Zheng B, Song Y, Lu X. Distributions, temporal trends and ecological risks of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in sediments of Jiaozhou Bay, China. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 165:112176. [PMID: 33621904 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risk of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic polymer and plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were investigated using both surface and core sediments in Jiaozhou Bay, China. The concentrations of PET and DEHP ranged 210.6-1929.7 μg/kg and 0-591.2 μg/kg, respectively. The depth profiles of PET and DEHP in the sediment cores indicated that PET and DEHP pollution increased since the 1970s, which is in accord with the regional PET and DEHP consumption history. The levels of PET in Jiaozhou Bay was found to represent low ecological risk based on the assessment models for Potential Ecological Risk factor and Potential Ecological Risk. The amounts of DEHP also posed a low risk to the aquatic organisms in the sediment phase as indicated by the Risk Quotient method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, Tianjin 300350, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaoxin Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, Tianjin 300350, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; Chuangchun Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Chuangchun 130022, China
| | - Rolf D Vogt
- Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, Tianjin 300350, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jiaying Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Boyang Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yutong Song
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1958, Denmark
| | - Xueqiang Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Environmental Biogeochemical Technology, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Amara I, Ontario ML, Scuto M, Lo Dico GM, Sciuto S, Greco V, Abid-Essefi S, Signorile A, Salinaro AT, Calabrese V. Moringa oleifera Protects SH-SY5YCells from DEHP-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040532. [PMID: 33805396 PMCID: PMC8065568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (MO) is a medicinal plant that has been shown to possess antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antibiotic activities. In a rat model, MO extract (MOe) has been shown to have a protective effect against brain damage and memory decline. As an extending study, here, we have examined the protective effect of MOe against oxidative stress and apoptosis caused in human neuroblastome (SH-SY5Y) cells by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer known to induce neurotoxicity. Our data show that MOe prevents oxidative damage by lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, restoring mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities, and, in addition, by modulating the expression of vitagenes, i.e., antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1. Moreover, MOe prevented neuronal damage by partly inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, as indicated by decreased expression of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) proteins. MOe also protected SH-SY5Y cells from DEHP-induced apoptosis, preserving mitochondrial membrane permeability and caspase-3 activation. Our findings provide insight into understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in neuroprotective effects by MOe against DEHP damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Amara
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Maria Lo Dico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
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Suen JL, Wu TT, Li YH, Lee CL, Kuo FC, Yan PS, Wu CF, Tran M, Wang CJ, Hung CH, Wu MT, Chan MWY, Huang SK. Environmental Factor-Mediated Transgenerational Inheritance of Igf2r Hypomethylation and Pulmonary Allergic Response via Targeting Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603831. [PMID: 33424850 PMCID: PMC7786300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origin of allergic diseases has been suggested, but the molecular basis remains enigmatic. Exposure to environmental factors, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP; a common plasticizer), is suggested to be associated with increased childhood allergic asthma, but the causal relationship and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. This study explored the transgenerational mechanism of DEHP on allergic asthma and dendritic cell (DC) homeostasis through epigenetic modification. In a murine model, ancestral exposure of C57BL/6 mice to low-dose DEHP led to trans-generational promoter hypomethylation of the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (Igf2r), concomitant with enhanced Igf2r expression and increased apoptosis prominently in CD8α+ DCs upon ligand stimulation, with consequent reduction in their IL-12 secretion and subsequent T cell-derived IFN-γ, thereby promoting a default Th2-associated pulmonary allergic response. Increased apoptosis was also noted in circulating IGF2Rhigh human DCs. Further, in human placenta, the methylation level at the orthologous IGF2R promoter region was shown to be inversely correlated with the level of maternal DEHP intake. These results support the importance of ancestral phthalate exposure in conferring the trans-generational risk of allergic phenotypes, featuring hypo-methylation of the IGF2R gene and dysregulated DC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ting Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Hyuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lai Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chen Kuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pearlly S Yan
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mita Tran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Community Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Yuan L, Cheng J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang W, Gao R, Yu X. Uptake and toxicity of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in Brassica chinensis L. Chemosphere 2020; 252:126640. [PMID: 32443282 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the bioaccumulation and toxic effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the leafy vegetable Shanghaiqing (SHQ) (Brassica chinensis L.). The accumulated DEHP amount in the edible part and roots of SHQ increased as the DEHP concentration in the soil increased. DEHP accumulation was higher in the roots than in the edible part of the plant. The root concentration factors and bioaccumulation factors for DEHP in SHQ were 0.13-2.49 and 0.03-2.00, respectively. The DEHP translocation factors were below 1.0, indicating that DEHP preferentially accumulated in plant roots. The DEHP risk index in the edible part of SHQ in relation to the human body and in terms of dietary exposure risk assessment was also below 1.0, indicating a low health risk. High DEHP concentrations caused 1) inhibition of SHQ growth, 2) an increase in SHQ chlorophyll and malondialdehyde contents and 3) a decrease in soluble sugar and vitamin contents. Low DEHP concentrations stimulated total superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities, while high DEHP levels showed an inhibitory effect. DEHP presence in soil affected not only SHQ growth but also quality. Our results provide the data needed for the proper assessment of food safety and the ecological impact of DEHP contamination in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University/Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology, Quanzhou, 362000, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, PR China
| | - Jinjin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yan'ai Liu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University/Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology, Quanzhou, 362000, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, PR China.
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University/Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology, Quanzhou, 362000, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Walker C, Ghazisaeidi S, Collet B, Boisvert A, Culty M. In utero exposure to low doses of genistein and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) alters innate immune cells in neonatal and adult rat testes. Andrology 2020; 8:943-964. [PMID: 32533902 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although humans are exposed to mixtures of endocrine disruptor chemicals, few studies have examined their toxicity on male reproduction. We previously found that fetal exposure to a mixture of the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) and the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) altered gene expression in adult rat testes. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to investigate the effects of fetal exposure to GEN-DEHP mixtures at two doses relevant to humans on testicular function and transcriptome in neonatal and adult rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant SD rats were gavaged with vehicle, GEN or DEHP, alone or mixed at 0.1 and 10 mg/kg/day, from gestation day 14 to birth. Fertility, steroid levels, and testis morphology were examined in neonatal and adult rats. Testicular transcriptomes were examined by gene array and functional pathway analyses. Cell-specific genes/proteins were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS GEN-DEHP mixtures increased the rates of infertility and abnormal testes in adult rats. Gene array analysis identified more genes exclusively altered by the mixtures than individual compounds. Altered top canonical pathways included urogenital/reproductive developmental and inflammatory processes. GEN-DEHP mixtures increased innate immune cells and macrophages markers at both doses and ages, more strongly and consistently than DEHP or GEN alone. Genes exclusively increased by the mixture in adult testis related to innate immune cells and macrophages included Kitlg, Rps6ka3 (Rsk2), Nr3c1, Nqo1, Lif, Fyn, Ptprj (Dep-1), Gpr116, Pfn2, and Ptgr1. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that GEN-DEHP mixtures at doses relevant to human induce adverse testicular phenotypes, concurrent with age-dependent and non-monotonic changes in testicular transcriptomes. The involvement of innate immune cells such as macrophages suggests immediate and delayed inflammatory responses which may contribute to testicular dysfunction. Moreover, these effects are complex and likely involve multiple interactions between immune and non-immune testicular cell types that will entail further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra Walker
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shahrzad Ghazisaeidi
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Berenice Collet
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Boisvert
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Culty
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ramachandran V, Arokia Vijaya Anand M, David E, Venkatachalam K, Vijayakumar S, Sankaran V, Balupillai A, Sangeetha CC, Gothandam KM, Kotakadi VS, Ghidan A, Al Antary T, Xu B. Antidiabetic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Wedelolactone in RIN-5F Cell Line. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:E8. [PMID: 31877697 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using wedelolactone (WDL) and characterized them using UV-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), transmission electron microscopic (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopic (AFM) studies. The electronic spectrum exhibited an absorption peak at 535 nm. The FT-IR results proved that WDL was stabilized on the surface of AuNPs by acting as a capping or reducing agent. The crystalline structure was affirmed by XRD pattern and the spherical shape of WDL-AuNPs was evidenced by SEM, TEM, and AFM. The synthesized WDL-AuNPS were evaluated for anti-diabetic activity in pancreatic RIN-5F cell lines. In vitro results showed that WDL-AuNPs did not only improve the insulin secretion affected by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), but also the cell viability in RIN5F cells. WDL-AuNPs treatment modulates the pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins expression to prevent the cells undergoing apoptosis in DEHP-exposed RIN-5F cells. The exposure of DEHP causes an increase in ROS production and lipid peroxidation levels. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of WDL-AuNPs increase the deleterious effect caused by DEHP. On the other side, WDL-AuNPs increase mRNA expressions of insulin-signaling proteins in RIN-5F cells. This study concludes that WDL-AuNPs can be successfully used to regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, reduce lipid peroxidation, and to improve the secretion of antioxidants and insulin through the GLUT2 pathway in RIN-5F cell lines.
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29
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Abd-Elhakim YM, Abdo Nassan M, Salem GA, Sasi A, Aldhahrani A, Ben Issa K, Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A. Investigation of the In-Vivo Cytotoxicity and the In Silico-Prediction of MDM2-p53 Inhibitor Potential of Euphorbia peplus Methanolic Extract in Rats. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110642. [PMID: 31689934 PMCID: PMC6891376 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the probable in vivo cardiac and renal toxicities together with in silico approaches for predicting the apoptogenic potential of Euphorbia peplus methanolic extract (EPME) in rats. Cardiac and renal injury biomarkers were estimated with histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations of both kidney and heart. The probable underlying mechanism of E. peplus compounds to potentiate p53 activity is examined using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) docking software and validated experimentally by immunohistochemical localization of p53 protein in the kidney and heart tissues. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of E. peplus revealed the presence of nine different compounds dominated by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Significant elevations of troponin, creatine phosphokinase, creatine kinase–myocardium bound, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, and uric acid were evident in the EPME treated rats. The EPME treated rats showed strong renal and cardiac p53 expression and moderate cardiac TNF-α expression. Further, our in silico results predicted the higher affinity and good inhibition of DEHP, glyceryl linolenate, and lucenin 2 to the MDM2-p53 interface compared to the standard reference 15 a compound. Conclusively, EPME long-term exposure could adversely affect the cardiac and renal tissues probably due to their inflammatory and apoptotic activity. Moreover, the in silico study hypothesizes that EPME inhibits MDM2-mediated degradation of p53 suggesting possible anticancer potentials which confirmed experimental by strong p53 expression in renal and cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abdo Nassan
- Laboratories Technology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Turabah 21995, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misurata University, Misurata 2478, Libya.
| | - Abdelkarim Sasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misurata University, Misurata 2478, Libya.
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Laboratories Technologie Department, Turaba University College, Taif University, Turabah 21995, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled Ben Issa
- Pharmaceutical and Industrial Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misurata University, Misurata 2478, Libya.
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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30
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Sur U, Erkekoglu P, Bulus AD, Andiran N, Kocer-Gumusel B. Oxidative stress markers, trace elements, and endocrine disrupting chemicals in children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:633-643. [PMID: 31354016 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1646367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether bisphenol A (BPA) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure have any association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and its biomarkers and to determine whether oxidative stress biomarkers and trace element levels showed any alterations in children with HT. We found that superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities are lower in HT group from control (24% and 46%, respectively, p < 0.05). Zinc levels were significantly lower in HT group vs. control. In addition, the levels of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) which is the primary metabolite for DEHP, were markedly higher in HT group compared to control (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between urinary BPA levels and fT4. In children with HT, oxidant/antioxidant balance is changed and these differences may be related by EDC exposure, the importance of which should be elucidated with further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unzile Sur
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ayse Derya Bulus
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Turkish Ministry of Health, Keçioren Research and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University , Ankara , Turkey
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31
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Wu K, Dumat C, Li H, Xia H, Li Z, Wu J. Responses of soil microbial community and enzymes during plant-assisted biodegradation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and pyrene. Int J Phytoremediation 2019; 21:683-692. [PMID: 30924369 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1556586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to explore the plant-assisted degradation efficiency of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and pyrene. Three plant species: Ceylon spinach, sunflower, and leaf mustard were cultivated in co-contaminated soils under three contamination levels: control (T0), 20 mg kg-1 (T20), and 50 mg kg-1 (T50). The results showed that a higher DEHP and pyrene degradation efficiency was observed evidently in planted cases, increasing from 42 to 53-59% (T0), 61 to 65-76% (T20) and 52 to 68-78% (T50) for DEHP, and from 22 to 30-49% (T0), 58 to 62-72% (T20), and 54 to 57-70% (T50) for pyrene. Under T20 contamination level, soil phospholipid fatty-acid analysis depicted the increased microbial biomass in rhizosphere, especially the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus that is effective for the degradation of organic pollutants. The study also revealed that the activities of dehydrogenase, acid phosphomonoesterase, urease, and phenol oxidase negatively correlated with pollutant concentration. In general, the removal rate of DEHP and pyrene was highest in the soil planted with leaf mustard for each contamination level considered. For soils at T20 level, sunflower and leaf mustard appeared as interesting phytoremediation plants due to the improved removal rates of organic pollutants and the soil microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Wu
- a College of Tourism, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
- b Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Camille Dumat
- c Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044 Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse IIToulouse, Cedex, France
| | - Hanqing Li
- b Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hanping Xia
- b Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhian Li
- b Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jingtao Wu
- a College of Tourism, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, China
- b Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , China
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32
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Lee DW, Kim MS, Lim YH, Lee N, Hong YC. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and neurodevelopmental outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res 2018; 167:558-566. [PMID: 30145432 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the most widely used phthalate, has recently been associated with neurodevelopmental disturbances in children. However, the risk is yet to be quantified. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on the association between exposure to DEHP and neurodevelopmental outcomes is necessary, with particular attention to study design (longitudinal vs. cross-sectional). METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search for associations between exposure to DEHP and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Among 106 published studies found in public databases, eight longitudinal studies and two cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant association between the concentrations of DEHP metabolites and the neurodevelopment outcomes of children among cross-sectional results, and found significant association between DEHP exposure measured in prenatal period and the psychomotor development outcomes measured later in childhood. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of studies investigating the association between DEHP exposure and neurodevelopment in children. A need exists for more researches and a precautionary policy for potential health hazard of DEHP, the most commonly used phthalate, to promote healthier neurodevelopment in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Environmental Health Centre, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Medical Research Centre, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nami Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Centre, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Medical Research Centre, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen CF, Ju YR, Lim YC, Chang JH, Chen CW, Dong CD. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Urban River Sediments. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15102228. [PMID: 30314371 PMCID: PMC6210134 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the spatial distribution of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and its potential biological effects, in the surface sediments that were collected from 10 sites at the Love River during dry and wet seasons. The grain size and organic matter were measured to understand the key factors that affect the distribution of DEHP concentrations in the sediments of Love River. The mean DEHP concentrations in the sediments that were collected during the wet and dry seasons were 28.6 ± 19.5 and 17.8 ± 11.6 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The highest DEHP concentration was observed in the sediments that were sampled in the vicinity of the estuary. The correlation analysis showed that the grain size and organic matter may play a key role in the DEHP distribution in the sediments during the dry season, whereas the DEHP concentrations in the wet season may be mainly affected by other environmental and hydrological conditions. By a comparison with the sediment quality guidelines, the levels of DEHP in the sediments of Love River were found to have the potential to result in an adverse effect on aquatic benthic organisms. Specifically, during the wet season, wastewater from upstream of Love River is flushed downstream, causing a higher DEHP concentration in the sediments. Future pollution prevention and management objectives should move towards reducing the discharge of upstream wastewater and establishing a complete sewer system to reduce DEHP pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ru Ju
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Hsing Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
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Yang T, Ren L, Jia Y, Fan S, Wang J, Wang J, Nahurira R, Wang H, Yan Y. Biodegradation of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate by Rhodococcus ruber YC-YT1 in Contaminated Water and Soil. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E964. [PMID: 29751654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylehxyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most broadly representative phthalic acid esters (PAEs) used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production, and is considered to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical. DEHP and its monoester metabolites are responsible for adverse effects on human health. An efficient DEHP-degrading bacterial strain Rhodococcus ruber YC-YT1, with super salt tolerance (0⁻12% NaCl), is the first DEHP-degrader isolated from marine plastic debris found in coastal saline seawater. Strain YC-YT1 completely degraded 100 mg/L DEHP within three days (pH 7.0, 30 °C). According to high-performance liquid chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis, DEHP was transformed by strain YC-YT1 into phthalate (PA) via mono (2-ethylehxyl) phthalate (MEHP), then PA was used for cell growth. Furthermore, YC-YT1 metabolized initial concentrations of DEHP ranging from 0.5 to 1000 mg/L. Especially, YC-YT1 degraded up to 60% of the 0.5 mg/L initial DEHP concentration. Moreover, compared with previous reports, strain YC-YT1 had the largest substrate spectrum, degrading up to 13 kinds of PAEs as well as diphenyl, p-nitrophenol, PA, benzoic acid, phenol, protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, catechol, and 1,2,3,3-tetrachlorobenzene. The excellent environmental adaptability of strain YC-YT1 contributed to its ability to adjust its cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) so that 79.7⁻95.9% of DEHP-contaminated agricultural soil, river water, coastal sediment, and coastal seawater were remedied. These results demonstrate that R. ruber YC-YT1 has vast potential to bioremediate various DEHP-contaminated environments, especially in saline environments.
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Wu CF, Hsiung CA, Tsai HJ, Tsai YC, Hsieh HM, Chen BH, Wu MT. Interaction of melamine and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure on markers of early renal damage in children: The 2011 Taiwan food scandal. Environ Pollut 2018; 235:453-461. [PMID: 29310089 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Melamine and phthalate, mainly di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), are ubiquitously present in the general environment. We investigated whether urine melamine levels can modify the relationship between DEHP exposure and markers of early renal damage in children. A nationwide health survey for Children aged ≤12 years possibly exposed to phthalates were enrolled between August 2012 and January 2013. They were administered questionnaires to collect details regarding past DEHP exposure to phthalate-tainted foodstuffs. Urine samples were measured melamine levels, phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of renal damage, including urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), and β2-microglobulin. The study included 224 children who had a median urine melamine level (μg/mmol creatinine) of 1.61 ranging 0.18-47.42. Positive correlations were found between urine melamine levels and urine ACR as well as urine NAG levels (both Spearman correlation coefficients r = 0.24, n = 224, p < .001). The higher the past DEHP exposure or urine melamine levels, the higher the prevalence of microalbuminuria. An interaction effect was also found between urine melamine levels and past DEHP exposure on urine ACR. Melamine levels may further modify the effect of past DEHP exposure on urine ACR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fang Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Hsiun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Community Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Durmaz E, Erkekoglu P, Asci A, Akçurin S, Bircan İ, Kocer-Gumusel B. Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in girls with premature thelarche. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 59:172-181. [PMID: 29625387 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In girls, breast development before eight years of age is called "premature thelarche (PT)". There are few studies in literature that show the interaction between PT and phthalate exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the urinary levels of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites and other phthalate metabolites in girls with PT. PT group consisted of 29 newly diagnosed subjects. Control group comprised of healthy age-matched girls (n = 25). Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The urinary concentrations of mono-(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate (MEHP) in the PT group (33.96 ± 6.88 μg/g creatinine) were found to be significantly higher compared to control group (11.54 ± 1.39 μg/g creatinine, p = 0.002). In PT group, %MEHP was also markedly higher vs. control (17.84 ± 3.31 vs. 6.44 ± 1.13, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that DEHP is more efficiently converted to MEHP in girls with PT, the importance of which needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Durmaz
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ali Asci
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey; Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Sema Akçurin
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - İffet Bircan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Belma Kocer-Gumusel
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Rajamanikyam M, Vadlapudi V, Parvathaneni SP, Koude D, Sripadi P, Misra S, Amanchy R, Upadhyayula SM. Isolation and characterization of phthalates from Brevibacterium mcbrellneri that cause cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest. EXCLI J 2017; 16:375-387. [PMID: 28507481 PMCID: PMC5427467 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the family Brevibacterieae are ubiquitous Gram positive organisms that are responsible for the feet odour and cheese aroma. Brevibacterium mcbrellneri is a relatively new member belonging to Brevibacterieae. In the current manuscript we discuss isolation of biologically active metabolites from Brevibacterium mcbrellneri. Two aromatic esters were isolated from Brevibacterium mcbrellneri by “Bioassay guided fractionation strategy” and identified as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate by chemical characterization using biophysical techniques. The phthalate compounds show broad spectrum antibacterial activity and mosquito larvicidal activity. Mosquito larvicidal activity has been attributed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity. These compounds were found to be cytotoxic in multiple cell lines causing cell cycle arrest in G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshwari Rajamanikyam
- Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad -500 007, India
| | - Varahalarao Vadlapudi
- Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad -500 007, India
| | - Sai Prathima Parvathaneni
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad -500 007, India
| | - Dhevendar Koude
- Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad -500 007, India
| | - Prabhakar Sripadi
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad -500 007, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad -500 007, India
| | - Ramars Amanchy
- Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad -500 007, India
| | - Suryanarayana Murty Upadhyayula
- Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad -500 007, India.,NIPER Guwahati, 1st Floor, Institute of Pharmacy, Guwahati Medical College & Hospital Guwahati -781 032, India
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Jia Y, Liu T, Zhou L, Zhu J, Wu J, Sun D, Xu J, Wang Q, Chen H, Xu F, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Liu H, Ye L. Effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Lipid Metabolism by the JAK/STAT Pathway in Rats. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:ijerph13111085. [PMID: 27827939 PMCID: PMC5129295 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most widely used plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), is known to affect lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. We studied the effects of dietary DEHP exposure on metabolism in rats as well as the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in this process. Eighty rats were exposed to DEHP (0, 5, 50 and 500 mg/kg/d) through dietary intake for 4 weeks. We then collected blood samples, liver, and adipose tissues to detect modifications in the levels of serum lipids, leptin, adiponectin and insulin. JAK3, STAT5a and PPARγ expression were detected at both the gene and protein levels. The activation of JAK3 and STAT5a was also detected. The DEHP-exposed rats had increased body weight, serum lipid, insulin, and leptin levels. Moreover, the JAK3/STAT5a pathway was activated in the adipose tissue; however, this pathway was not activated in the liver. The mRNA of SREBP-1c in the liver was increased significantly among each of the groups, in contrast to the levels found in the mature SREBP-1c protein form. Furthermore, the expression of FABP4, Acox and FASn was decreased in the liver, but increased in adipose tissue. Thus, we conclude that exposure to DEHP reduces the hydrolysis of lipid and promotes triglyceride accumulation by oppositely regulating the activation state of JAK/STAT pathway in the liver and adipose tissue, resulting in the disorder of body lipid metabolism and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Te Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Juan Wu
- Cancer Center, Tumor Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330029, China.
| | - Di Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Huaiji Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yuezhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Tianrong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Gu H, Liu Y, Wang W, Ding L, Teng W, Liu L. In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces metabolic disorder and increases fat accumulation in visceral depots of C57BL/6J mice offspring. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3806-3812. [PMID: 28105114 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive visceral fat accumulation is associated with metabolic disorders. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a candidate environmental obesogen, affects lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. Perinatal exposure to DEHP may be associated with metabolic disorders of dams and offspring. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of exposure of pregnant dams to DEHP on the metabolism and fat distribution of their offspring, and to determine the mechanisms for these effects. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were administered DEHP via gavage (0.05 or 500 mg/kg/day) from gestational days 1-19. Pups were sacrificed at nine weeks of age. Serum leptin, insulin, lipid and fasting glucose levels, and the weights of the inguinal (subcutaneous) and gonadal (visceral) fat pads were determined. mRNA expression levels of two developmental genes, T-box 15 (Tbx15) and glypican 4 (Gpc4) were detected in fat tissues. A 100% abortion rate was exhibited in 500 mg/kg DEHP-treated dams, whereas exposure to 0.05 mg/kg DEHP did not affect reproductive outcomes. Pups from the 0.05 mg/kg exposure group were used for subsequent experimentation. Serum leptin, insulin, lipid and fasting glucose concentrations in these pups were significantly higher than those of control pups (P<0.05). Although no significant change in body weight was detected, the visceral fat weights of DEHP-exposed pups were significantly higher than those of control pups (P<0.05). Compared with controls, mRNA expression levels of Tbx15 in subcutaneous fat and Gpc4 in visceral fat were significantly increased among DEHP-exposed pups (P<0.01). The present results suggest that in utero exposure to an environmentally safe dose of DEHP may lead to excessive visceral fat accumulation and metabolic disorders in offspring and that aberrant expression of Tbx15 and Gpc4 may have an important role in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Testing, Liaoning Medical Vocational College, Shenyang, Liaoning 110101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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Tsai HJ, Chen BH, Wu CF, Wang SL, Huang PC, Tsai YC, Chen ML, Ho CK, Hsiung CA, Wu MT. Intake of phthalate-tainted foods and microalbuminuria in children: The 2011 Taiwan food scandal. Environ Int 2016; 89-90:129-37. [PMID: 26827184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major threat to public health involving phthalate-tainted foodstuffs occurred in Taiwan in 2011. Phthalates, mainly di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were intentionally added to several categories of food commonly consumed by children. This study investigated the relationship between intake of the phthalate-tainted foods and renal function in children. METHODS Children aged ≤10years with possible phthalate exposure were enrolled in this study between August 2012 and January 2013. Questionnaires were used to collect details of exposure to phthalate-tainted foodstuffs, and blood and urine samples were collected for clinical biochemical workup. The clinical biomarkers of renal injury, including urinary microalbumin, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), and β2-microglobulin were measured. Exposure was categorized based on recommended tolerable daily intake level defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (0.02mg/kg/day) and the European Food Safety Authority (0.05mg/kg/day). RESULTS We analyzed intake and renal function of 184 children whose intake of DEHP-tainted foods was known. Higher DEHP exposure to DEHP-tainted foods was significantly associated with increase of urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). Children in the high-exposed group (daily DEHP intake (DDI)>0.05mg/kg/day) had 10.395 times the risk of microalbuminuria than the low-exposed group (DDI≤0.02 and >0mg/kg/day) and no-exposed group combined after adjustment (95% CI=1.096-98.580, P=0.04). CONCLUSION Intake of DEHP from phthalate-tainted foods may be a potential risk factor for microalbuminuria, a marker of glomerular injury in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Hsiun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lien Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kung Ho
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Huang Q, Zhang H, Chen YJ, Chi YL, Dong S. The Inflammation Response to DEHP through PPARγ in Endometrial Cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:E318. [PMID: 26985901 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown the possible link between phthalates and endometrium-related gynecological diseases, however the molecular mechanism(s) behind this is/are still unclear. In the study, both primary cultured endometrial cells and an endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (Ishikawa) were recruited to investigate the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) at human-relevant concentrations. The results showed that DEHP did not affect the viability of either type of cell, which showed different responses to inflammation. Primary cultured cells showed stronger inflammatory reactions than the Ishikawa cell line. The expression of inflammatory factors was induced both at the mRNA and protein levels, however the inflammation did not induce the progress of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as the protein levels of EMT markers were not affected after exposure to either cell type. Further study showed that the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) wereup-regulated after exposure. In all, our study showed that human-relevant concentrations of DEHP could elicit the inflammatory response in primary cultured endometrial cells rather than in Ishikawa cell line. PPARγ may act as the mediating receptor in the inflammation reaction.
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Zhang T, Li L, Qin XS, Zhou Y, Zhang XF, Wang LQ, De Felici M, Chen H, Qin GQ, Shen W. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and bisphenol A exposure impairs mouse primordial follicle assembly in vitro. Environ Mol Mutagen 2014; 55:343-353. [PMID: 24458533 DOI: 10.1002/em.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are estrogenic compounds widely used in commercial plastic products. Previous studies have shown that exposure to such compounds have adverse effects on various aspects of mammalian reproduction including folliculogenesis. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of BPA and DEHP exposure on primordial follicle formation. We found that germ cell nest breakdown and primordial follicle assembly were significantly reduced when newborn mouse ovaries were exposed to 10 or 100 μM BPA and DEHP in vitro. Moreover, BPA and DEHP exposure increased the number of TUNEL positive oocytes and the mRNA level of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax in oocytes. These effects were associated with decreased expression of oocyte specific genes such as LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8), factor in the germline alpha (Figla), spermatogenesis and oogenesis helix-loop-helix (Sohlh2), and newborn ovary homeobox (Nobox). Interestingly, BPA and DEHP exposure also prevented DNA demethylation of CpG sites of the Lhx8 gene in oocytes, a process normally associated with folliculogenesis. Finally, folliculogenesis was severely impaired in BPA and DEHP exposed ovaries after transplantation into the kidney capsules of immunodeficient mice. In conclusion, BPA and DEHP exposures impair mouse primordial follicle assembly in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Upson K, Sathyanarayana S, De Roos AJ, Thompson ML, Scholes D, Dills R, Holt VL. Phthalates and risk of endometriosis. Environ Res 2013; 126:91-7. [PMID: 23890968 PMCID: PMC3905445 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental chemicals with endocrine disruptive properties. The impact of these chemicals on endocrine-related disease in reproductive-age women is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and the risk of a hormonally-driven disease, endometriosis, in reproductive-age women. METHODS We used data from a population-based case-control study of endometriosis, conducted among female enrollees of a large healthcare system in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. We measured urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations on incident, surgically-confirmed cases (n=92) diagnosed between 1996 and 2001 and population-based controls (n=195). Odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for urinary creatinine concentrations, age, and reference year. RESULTS The majority of women in our study had detectable concentrations of phthalate metabolites. We observed a strong inverse association between urinary mono-(2-ethyl-5-hexyl) phthalate (MEHP) concentration and endometriosis risk, particularly when comparing the fourth and first MEHP quartiles (aOR 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.7). Our data suggested an inverse association between endometriosis and urinary concentrations of other di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)) and ∑DEHP, however, the confidence intervals include the null. Our data also suggested increased endometriosis risk with greater urinary concentrations of mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), although the associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to select phthalates is ubiquitous among female enrollees of a large healthcare system in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The findings from our study suggest that phthalates may alter the risk of a hormonally-mediated disease among reproductive-age women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Upson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Martinez-Arguelles DB, Campioli E, Culty M, Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V. Fetal origin of endocrine dysfunction in the adult: the phthalate model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:5-17. [PMID: 23333934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer with endocrine disrupting properties that is found ubiquitously in the environment as well as in human amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, human milk, semen, and saliva. It is used in the industry to add flexibility to polyvinyl chloride-derived plastics and its wide spread use and presence has resulted in constant human exposure through fetal development and postnatal life. Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between phthalate exposures and human reproductive effects in infant and adult populations. The effects of fetal exposure to phthalates on the male reproductive system were unequivocally shown on animal models, principally rodents, in which short term deleterious reproductive effects are well established. By contrast, information on the long term effects of DEHP in utero exposure on gonadal function are scarce, while its potential effects on other organs are just starting to emerge. The present review focuses on these novel findings, which suggest that DEHP exerts more complex and broader disruptive effects on the endocrine system and metabolism than previously thought. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "CSR 2013".
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Martinez-Arguelles
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhou L, Beattie MC, Lin CY, Liu J, Traore K, Papadopoulos V, Zirkin BR, Chen H. Oxidative stress and phthalate-induced down-regulation of steroidogenesis in MA-10 Leydig cells. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 42:95-101. [PMID: 23969005 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that phthalate exposure can suppress steroidogenesis. However, the affected components of the steroidogenic pathway, and the mechanisms involved, remain uncertain. We show that incubating MA-10 Leydig cells with mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) resulted in reductions in luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated cAMP and progesterone productions. cAMP did not decrease in response to MEHP when the cells were incubated with cholera toxin or forskolin. Incubation of MEHP-treated cells with dibutyryl-cAMP, 22-hydroxycholesterol or pregnenolone inhibited the reductions in progesterone. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurred in response to MEHP. In cells in which intracellular glutathione was depleted by buthionine sulfoximine pretreatment, the increases in ROS and decreases in progesterone in response to MEHP treatment were exacerbated. These results indicate that MEHP inhibits MA-10 Leydig cell steroidogenesis by targeting LH-stimulated cAMP production and cholesterol transport, and that a likely mechanism by which MEHP acts is through increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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Euling SY, Thompson CM, Chiu WA, Benson R. An approach for integrating toxicogenomic data in risk assessment: the dibutyl phthalate case study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:324-35. [PMID: 23537663 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An approach for evaluating and integrating genomic data in chemical risk assessment was developed based on the lessons learned from performing a case study for the chemical dibutyl phthalate. A case study prototype approach was first developed in accordance with EPA guidance and recommendations of the scientific community. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was selected for the case study exercise. The scoping phase of the dibutyl phthalate case study was conducted by considering the available DBP genomic data, taken together with the entire data set, for whether they could inform various risk assessment aspects, such as toxicodynamics, toxicokinetics, and dose-response. A description of weighing the available dibutyl phthalate data set for utility in risk assessment provides an example for considering genomic data for future chemical assessments. As a result of conducting the scoping process, two questions--Do the DBP toxicogenomic data inform 1) the mechanisms or modes of action?, and 2) the interspecies differences in toxicodynamics?--were selected to focus the case study exercise. Principles of the general approach include considering the genomics data in conjunction with all other data to determine their ability to inform the various qualitative and/or quantitative aspects of risk assessment, and evaluating the relationship between the available genomic and toxicity outcome data with respect to study comparability and phenotypic anchoring. Based on experience from the DBP case study, recommendations and a general approach for integrating genomic data in chemical assessment were developed to advance the broader effort to utilize 21st century data in risk assessment.
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Key Words
- 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta-5–delta-4 isomerase type II
- ADME
- AGD
- ALDH2
- AR
- BBDR model
- CNPs
- CYP2D6
- Cyp11a1/P450scc
- Cyp17a1
- Cyp2b1
- Cyp3a1
- DBP
- DEG
- DEHP
- D–R
- EDC
- Endocrine disrupting chemical
- GO
- Hsd3b
- IRIS
- Insl3
- Integrated Risk Information System
- MBP
- MOA
- Male development
- NIEHS
- NOAEL
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- PBPK modeling
- Phthalates
- RT-PCR
- Risk assessment
- SD
- STAR
- Scarb1
- Science to Achieve Results
- Sprague–Dawley
- Star
- T
- TD
- TDS
- TGx
- TK
- Testosterone
- Toxicogenomic
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2B1
- UF(H)
- US EPA
- Ugt2b1
- WOE
- absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
- aldehyde dehydrogenase-2
- androgen receptor
- anogenital distance
- biologically based dose–response model
- copy number polymorphisms
- cytochrome P450 2D6
- cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1
- cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1
- cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1
- cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 1
- di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- dibutyl phthalate
- differentially-expressed gene
- dose–response
- endocrine disrupting chemical
- gene ontology
- insulin-like 3
- mode of action
- monobutyl phthalate
- no observed adverse effect level
- physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
- reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- scavenger receptor class B, member 1
- steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
- testicular dysgenesis syndrome
- testosterone
- toxicodynamics
- toxicogenomic
- toxicokinetics
- uncertainty factor for uncertainty in extrapolating animal data to humans (i.e., interspecies uncertainty) (http://www.epa.gov/IRIS/)
- weight-of-evidence
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Latorre I, Hwang S, Montalvo-Rodriguez R. Isolation and molecular identification of landfill bacteria capable of growing on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and deteriorating PVC materials. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2012; 47:2254-2262. [PMID: 22934997 PMCID: PMC3432978 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.707549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Waste materials containing Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a suspected endocrine disruptor and reasonably anticipated human carcinogen, are typically disposed of in landfills. Despite this, very few studies had been conducted to isolate and identify DEHP-degrading bacteria in landfill leachate. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate and characterize bacteria in landfill leachate growing on DEHP as the sole carbon source and deteriorating PVC materials. Four strains LHM1, LHM2, LHM3 and LHM4, not previously reported as DEHP-degraders, were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequence. Gram-positive strains LHM1 and LHM2 had a greater than 97% similarity with Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10(T) and Lysinibacillus fusiformis NBRC 15717(T), respectively. Gram-negative strains LHM3 and LHM4 were related to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus DSM 30006(T) (90.7% similarity) and Stenotrophomonas pavanii ICB 89(T) (96.0% similarity), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis also corroborated these similarities of strains LHM1 and LHM2 to the corresponding bacteria species. Strains LHM2 and LHM4 grew faster than strains LHM1 and LHM3 in the enrichment where DEHP was the sole carbon source. When augmented to the reactors with PVC shower curtains containing DEHP, strains LHM1 and LHM2 developed greater optical densities in the solution phase and thicker biofilm on the surfaces of the shower curtains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isomar Latorre
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681
| | - Sangchul Hwang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681
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Euling SY, White LD, Kim AS, Sen B, Wilson VS, Keshava C, Keshava N, Hester S, Ovacik MA, Ierapetritou MG, Androulakis IP, Gaido KW. Use of genomic data in risk assessment case study: II. Evaluation of the dibutyl phthalate toxicogenomic data set. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 271:349-62. [PMID: 21745491 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of the toxicogenomic data set for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and male reproductive developmental effects was performed as part of a larger case study to test an approach for incorporating genomic data in risk assessment. The DBP toxicogenomic data set is composed of nine in vivo studies from the published literature that exposed rats to DBP during gestation and evaluated gene expression changes in testes or Wolffian ducts of male fetuses. The exercise focused on qualitative evaluation, based on a lack of available dose-response data, of the DBP toxicogenomic data set to postulate modes and mechanisms of action for the male reproductive developmental outcomes, which occur in the lower dose range. A weight-of-evidence evaluation was performed on the eight DBP toxicogenomic studies of the rat testis at the gene and pathway levels. The results showed relatively strong evidence of DBP-induced downregulation of genes in the steroidogenesis pathway and lipid/sterol/cholesterol transport pathway as well as effects on immediate early gene/growth/differentiation, transcription, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling and apoptosis pathways in the testis. Since two established modes of action (MOAs), reduced fetal testicular testosterone production and Insl3 gene expression, explain some but not all of the testis effects observed in rats after in utero DBP exposure, other MOAs are likely to be operative. A reanalysis of one DBP microarray study identified additional pathways within cell signaling, metabolism, hormone, disease, and cell adhesion biological processes. These putative new pathways may be associated with DBP effects on the testes that are currently unexplained. This case study on DBP identified data gaps and research needs for the use of toxicogenomic data in risk assessment. Furthermore, this study demonstrated an approach for evaluating toxicogenomic data in human health risk assessment that could be applied to future chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Y Euling
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
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Yanagisawa R, Takano H, Inoue KI, Koike E, Sadakane K, Ichinose T. Effects of maternal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate during fetal and/or neonatal periods on atopic dermatitis in male offspring. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116:1136-41. [PMID: 18795153 PMCID: PMC2535612 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been widely used in polyvinyl chloride products and is ubiquitous in developed countries. Although maternal exposure to DEHP during fetal and/or neonatal periods reportedly affects reproductive and developmental systems, its effects on allergic diseases in offspring remain to be determined. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we examined whether maternal exposure to DEHP during fetal and/or neonatal periods in NC/Nga mice affects atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions related to mite allergen in offspring. METHODS We administered DEHP at a dose of 0, 0.8, 4, 20, or 100 microg/animal/week by intraperitoneal injection into dams during pregnancy (gestation days 0, 7, and 14) and/or lactation (postnatal days 1, 8, and 15). Eight-week-old male offspring of these treated females were injected intradermally with mite allergen into their right ears. We then evaluated clinical scores, ear thickening, histologic findings, and protein expression of eotaxin in the ear. RESULTS Maternal exposure to a 100-microg dose of DEHP during neonatal periods, but not during fetal periods, enhanced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions related to mite allergen in males. The results were concomitant with the enhancement of eosinophilic inflammation, mast cell degranulation, and protein expression of eotaxin in overall trend. CONCLUSION Maternal exposure to DEHP during neonatal periods can accelerate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions related to mite allergen in male offspring, possibly via T helper 2 (T(H)2)-dominant responses, which can be responsible, at least in part, for the recent increase in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Yanagisawa
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Address to correspondence H. Takano, Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan. Telephone: 81-29-850-2336. Fax: 81-29-850-2334. E-mail:
| | - Ken-ichiro Inoue
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiko Koike
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kaori Sadakane
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ichinose
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
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Namikoshi M, Fujiwara T, Nishikawa T, Ukai K. Natural Abundance 14C Content of Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) from Three Marine Algae. Mar Drugs 2006. [PMCID: PMC3663418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the natural abundance 14C content of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) from two edible brown algae, Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica, and a green alga, Ulva sp., revealed that the DBP was naturally produced. The natural abundance 14C content of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) obtained from the same algae was about 50–80% of the standard sample and the 14C content of the petrochemical (industrial) products of DBP and DEHP were below the detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Namikoshi
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan, E-mail: (M. N.). E-mail: (K. U.),Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel., +81-22-727-0219; fax, +81-22-727- 0218; e-mail,
| | - Takeshi Fujiwara
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan, E-mail: (T. F.)
| | - Teruaki Nishikawa
- The Nagoya University Museum, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, E-mail: (T. N.)
| | - Kazuyo Ukai
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan, E-mail: (M. N.). E-mail: (K. U.)
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