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Afsharipour S, Mirzaalian Dastjerdi A, Seyedi A. Optimizing Cucumis sativus seedling vigor: the role of pistachio wood vinegar and date palm compost in nutrient mobilization. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:407. [PMID: 38755531 PMCID: PMC11097511 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this research is to enhance the quality of cucumber seedlings grown in greenhouses by experimenting with various soilless culture mediums (CMs) and the application of pistachio wood vinegar (WV). The experimental setup was designed as a factorial experiment within a randomized complete block design (RCBD), in greenhouse conditions featuring three replications to assess the effects of different culture media (CMs) and concentrations of pistachio wood vinegar (WV) on cucumber seedling growth. Cucumber seeds were planted in three CMs: coco peat-peat moss, coco peat-vermicompost, and date palm compost-vermicompost mixed in a 75:25 volume-to-volume ratio. These were then treated with pistachio WV at concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1%, applied four times during irrigation following the emergence of the third leaf. RESULTS The study revealed that treating seedlings with 0.5% WV in the date palm compost-vermicompost CM significantly enhanced various growth parameters. Specifically, it resulted in a 90% increase in shoot fresh mass, a 59% increase in shoot dry mass, an 11% increase in root fresh mass, a 36% increase in root dry mass, a 65% increase in shoot length, a 62% increase in leaf area, a 25% increase in stem diameter, a 41% increase in relative water content (RWC), and a 6% improvement in membrane stability index (MSI), all in comparison to untreated seedlings grown in coco peat-peat moss CM. Furthermore, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels were 2.3, 2.7, 2.6, and 2.7 times higher, respectively, in seedlings treated with 0.5% WV and grown in the date palm compost-vermicompost CM, compared to those treated with the same concentration of WV but grown in coco peat-peat moss CM. Additionally, the Fv/Fm ratio saw a 52% increase. When plant nutrition was enhanced with the date palm compost-vermicompost CM and 1% WV, auxin content rose by 130% compared to seedlings grown in coco peat-peat moss CM and treated with 0.5% WV. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that using 0.5% WV in conjunction with date palm compost-vermicompost CM significantly betters the quality of cucumber seedlings, outperforming other treatment combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sediqeh Afsharipour
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Azam Seyedi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
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Zhang Z, Hou X, Gao R, Li Y, Ding Z, Huang Y, Yao K, Yao Y, Liang C, Liao W. CsSHMT3 gene enhances the growth and development in cucumber seedlings under salt stress. Plant Mol Biol 2024; 114:52. [PMID: 38696020 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major factors limiting plant growth and productivity. Many studies have shown that serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) gene play an important role in growth, development and stress response in plants. However, to date, there have been few studies on whether SHMT3 can enhance salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, the effects of overexpression or silencing of CsSHMT3 gene on cucumber seedling growth under salt stress were investigated in this study. The results showed that overexpression of CsSHMT3 gene in cucumber seedlings resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and proline (Pro) content, and antioxidant enzyme activity under salt stress condition; whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (H2O2), hydrogen peroxide (O2·-) and relative conductivity were significantly decreased when CsSHMT3 gene was overexpressed. However, the content of chlorophyll and Pro, photosynthetic rate, and antioxidant enzyme activity of the silenced CsSHMT3 gene lines under salt stress were significantly reduced, while MDA, H2O2, O2·- content and relative conductivity showed higher level in the silenced CsSHMT3 gene lines. It was further found that the expression of stress-related genes SOD, CAT, SOS1, SOS2, NHX, and HKT was significantly up-regulated by overexpressing CsSHMT3 gene in cucumber seedlings; while stress-related gene expression showed significant decrease in silenced CsSHMT3 gene seedlings under salt stress. This suggests that overexpression of CsSHMT3 gene increased the salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings, while silencing of CsSHMT3 gene decreased the salt tolerance. In conclusion, CsSHMT3 gene might positively regulate salt stress tolerance in cucumber and be involved in regulating antioxidant activity, osmotic adjustment, and photosynthesis under salt stress. KEY MESSAGE: CsSHMT3 gene may positively regulate the expression of osmotic system, photosynthesis, antioxidant system and stress-related genes in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xuemei Hou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Rong Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yihua Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Zhiqi Ding
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Kangding Yao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yandong Yao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Cheng Liang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 730070, Lanzhou, PR China.
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Zhu C, Yu H, Lu T, Li Y, Jiang W, Li Q. Deep learning-based association analysis of root image data and cucumber yield. Plant J 2024; 118:696-716. [PMID: 38193347 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The root system is important for the absorption of water and nutrients by plants. Cultivating and selecting a root system architecture (RSA) with good adaptability and ultrahigh productivity have become the primary goals of agricultural improvement. Exploring the correlation between the RSA and crop yield is important for cultivating crop varieties with high-stress resistance and productivity. In this study, 277 cucumber varieties were collected for root system image analysis and yield using germination plates and greenhouse cultivation. Deep learning tools were used to train ResNet50 and U-Net models for image classification and segmentation of seedlings and to perform quality inspection and productivity prediction of cucumber seedling root system images. The results showed that U-Net can automatically extract cucumber root systems with high quality (F1_score ≥ 0.95), and the trained ResNet50 can predict cucumber yield grade through seedling root system image, with the highest F1_score reaching 0.86 using 10-day-old seedlings. The root angle had the strongest correlation with yield, and the shallow- and steep-angle frequencies had significant positive and negative correlations with yield, respectively. RSA and nutrient absorption jointly affected the production capacity of cucumber plants. The germination plate planting method and automated root system segmentation model used in this study are convenient for high-throughput phenotypic (HTP) research on root systems. Moreover, using seedling root system images to predict yield grade provides a new method for rapidly breeding high-yield RSA in crops such as cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weijie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Metwally RA, Taha MA, El-Moaty NMA, Abdelhameed RE. Attenuation of Zucchini mosaic virus disease in cucumber plants by mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:54. [PMID: 38315215 PMCID: PMC10844420 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi generated systemic acquired resistance in cucumber to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, indicating their prospective application in the soil as a sustainable, environmentally friendly approach to inhibit the spread of pathogens. The wide spread of plant pathogens affects the whole world, causing several plant diseases and threatening national food security as it disrupts the quantity and quality of economically important crops. Recently, environmentally acceptable mitigating practices have been required for sustainable agriculture, restricting the use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural areas. Herein, the biological control of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants using arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was investigated. Compared to control plants, ZYMV-infected plants displayed high disease incidence (DI) and severity (DS) with various symptoms, including severe yellow mosaic, mottling and green blisters of leaves. However, AM fungal inoculation exhibited 50% inhibition for these symptoms and limited DS to 26% as compared to non-colonized ones. The detection of ZYMV by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique exhibited a significant reduction in AM-inoculated plants (5.23-fold) compared with non-colonized ones. Besides, mycorrhizal root colonization (F%) was slightly reduced by ZYMV infection. ZYMV infection decreased all growth parameters and pigment fractions and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, however, these parameters were significantly enhanced and the MDA content was decreased by AM fungal colonization. Also, the protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes (POX and CAT) were increased with ZYMV infection with more enhancements due to AM root colonization. Remarkably, defence pathogenesis-related (PR) genes such as PR-a, PR-b, and PR-10 were quickly expressed in response to AM treatment. Our findings demonstrated the beneficial function of AM fungi in triggering the plant defence against ZYMV as they caused systemic acquired resistance in cucumber plants and supported their potential use in the soil as an environment-friendly method of hindering the spread of pathogenic microorganisms sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab A Metwally
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Taha
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nada M Abd El-Moaty
- Microbiology Department, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reda E Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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5
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Shi Q, Mao H. Preliminary study on the diagnosis of NK stress based on the puncture mechanical characteristics of cucumber stem. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38172661 PMCID: PMC10763222 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between stem puncture mechanical characteristics and NK stress diagnosis, the microstructure, surface morphology, cellulose and lignin content, puncture mechanical characteristics, and epidermal cell morphology of cucumber stems were measured herein. The results indicated that the middle stem, which had a diameter of approximately 7000 μm, was more suitable for puncturing due to its lower amount of epidermal hair, and its gradual regularity in shape. Further, the cucumber stems were protected from puncture damage due to their ability to rapidly heal within 25 h.. The epidermal penetration of the cucumber stems increased with the increase in cellulose and lignin, though cellulose played a more decisive role. The epidermal break distance increased with an increase in N application and decreased with an increase in K+ application, but the change in intercellular space caused by K+ supply was the most critical factor affecting the epidermal break distance. In addition, a decrease in K+ concentration led to a decrease in epidermal brittleness, whereas the factors affecting epidermal toughness were more complex. Finally, we found that although the detection of epidermal brittleness and toughness on nutrient stress was poor under certain treatment, the puncture mechanical characteristics of the stem still had a significant indicative effect on N application rate. Therefore, elucidating of the relationship between the puncture mechanical characteristics of the stems and crop nutritional stress is not only beneficial for promoting stem stress physiology research but also for designing on-site nutritional testing equipment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- School of Intelligent Agriculture, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
- School of Science and Technology, Shanghai Open University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hanping Mao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Liang Y, Xie W, Yang C, Yu B, Qin Q, Wang Y, Gan Y, Liu R, Qiu Z, Cao B, Yan S. A quick and effective method for thermostability differentiation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Physiol Plant 2024; 176:e14215. [PMID: 38366670 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
High temperature affects the growth and production of cucumber. Selecting thermotolerant cucumber cultivars is conducive to coping with high temperatures and improving production. Thus, a quick and effective method for screening thermotolerant cucumber cultivars is needed. In this study, four cucumber cultivars were used to identify heat resistance indexes. The morphological, physiological and biochemical indexes were measured. When exposed to high temperatures, thermotolerant cucumber had a more stable photosystem, membrane, and oxidation-reduction systems. The impact of high temperatures on plants is multifaceted, and the accurate discrimination of heat resistance cannot be achieved solely based on a single or multiple indicators. Therefore, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to comprehensively evaluate the heat resistance of cucumber plants. The results showed that the heat resistance obtained by PCA was significantly correlated with the heat injury index. In addition, the stepwise regression equation identified two heat-related indices, hydrogen peroxide content (H2 O2 ) and photosynthetic operating efficiency (Fq'/Fm'), and they can quickly distinguish the heat resistance of the other 8 cucumber cultivars. These results will help to accelerate the selection of thermotolerant resources and assist in cucumber breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Xie
- China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute (CEPREI), China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- HenryFok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Qiteng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Gan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Martinez-Alonso A, Nicolás-Espinosa J, Carvajal M, Bárzana G. The differential expressions of aquaporins underline the diverse strategies of cucumber and tomato against salinity and zinc stress. Physiol Plant 2024; 176:e14222. [PMID: 38380715 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Salinity and excess zinc are two main problems that have limited agriculture in recent years. Aquaporins are crucial in regulating the passage of water and solutes through cells and may be essential for mitigating abiotic stresses. In the present study, the adaptive response to moderate salinity (60 mM NaCl) and excess Zn (1 mM ZnSO4 ) were compared alone and in combination in Cucumis sativus L. and Solanum lycopersicum L. Water relations, gas exchange and the differential expression of all aquaporins were analysed. The results showed that cucumber plants under salinity maintained the internal movement of water through osmotic adjustment and the overexpression of specific PIPs aquaporins, following a "conservation strategy". As tomato has a high tolerance to salinity, the physiological parameters and the expression of most aquaporins remained unchanged. ZnSO4 was shown to be stressful for both plant species. While cucumber upregulated 7 aquaporin isoforms, the expression of aquaporins increased in a generalized manner in tomato. Despite the differences, water relations and transpiration were adjusted in both plants, allowing the RWC in the shoot to be maintained. The aquaporin regulation in cucumber plants facing NaCl+ZnSO4 stress was similar in the two treatments containing NaCl, evidencing the predominance of salt in stress. However, in tomato, the induced expression of specific isoforms to deal with the combined stress differed from independent stresses. The results clarify the key role of aquaporin regulation in facing abiotic stresses and their possible use as markers of tolerance to salinity and heavy metals in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martinez-Alonso
- Aquaporins Group. Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS, CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Nicolás-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group. Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS, CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group. Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS, CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Gloria Bárzana
- Aquaporins Group. Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS, CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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Xiao H, Liu Y, Yu H, Yadav N, He J, Zhang L, Tan W. Combined toxicity influence of polypropylene microplastics and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on physiological-biochemical characteristics of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107811. [PMID: 37307719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are prevalent and emerging pollutants in agro-ecosystem, raising concerns due to their widespread co-presence. Nevertheless, their combined toxicity on terrestrial plants remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the impact of polypropylene microplastics (MPs), DEHP, and their mixture on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of cucumber seedlings. The changes of membrane stability index (MSI), antioxidase activities, photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence in cucumber seedlings were assessed. The results demonstrated that MPs alone significantly inhibited MSI, photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b, and Chl a + b), Fm and qp of cucumber seedlings, and significantly promoted the carotene content and antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in cucumber seedlings. While DEHP alone significantly inhibited MSI and photosynthetic pigments of cucumber seedlings, and significantly promoted antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber seedlings. Moreover, the combined toxicity of MPs and DEHP was found to be less pronounced than that of the single action of MPs and DEHP. The interaction between DEHP and MPs may contribute to the reduced toxicity. Abbott's modeling revealed that the combined toxicity systems were all antagonistic (RI < 1). Two-factor analysis and principal component analysis further confirmed that the treatment of MPs alone contributed the most to the toxicological effects of the physiological properties of cucumbers. In summary, this study highlighted the importance of understanding the combined effects of MPs and DEHP on plant physiology, providing insights for the development of effective treatments for emerging pollutants in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Xiao
- School of Geographical Sciences, School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Yanji Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences, School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Hanxia Yu
- School of Geographical Sciences, School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Niraj Yadav
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jing He
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Lige Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, School of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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9
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Luo X, Wang Z, Wang C, Yue L, Tao M, Elmer WH, White JC, Cao X, Xing B. Nanomaterial Size and Surface Modification Mediate Disease Resistance Activation in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus). ACS Nano 2023; 17:4871-4885. [PMID: 36871293 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop disease represents a serious and increasing threat to global food security. Lanthanum oxide nanomaterials (La2O3 NMs) with different sizes (10 and 20 nm) and surface modifications (citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP], and poly(ethylene glycol)) were investigated for their control of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Schl.) f. sp cucumerinum Owen on six-week-old cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in soil. Seed treatment and foliar application of the La2O3 NMs at 20-200 mg/kg (mg/L) significantly suppressed cucumber wilt (decreased by 12.50-52.11%), although the disease control efficacy was concentration-, size-, and surface modification-dependent. The best pathogen control was achieved by foliar application of 200 mg/L PVP-coated La2O3 NMs (10 nm); disease severity was decreased by 67.6%, and fresh shoot biomass was increased by 49.9% as compared with pathogen-infected control. Importantly, disease control efficacy was 1.97- and 3.61-fold greater than that of La2O3 bulk particles and a commercial fungicide (Hymexazol), respectively. Additionally, La2O3 NMs application enhanced cucumber yield by 350-461%, increased fruit total amino acids by 295-344%, and improved fruit vitamin content by 65-169% as compared with infected controls. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that La2O3 NMs: (1) interacted with calmodulin, subsequently activating salicylic acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance; (2) increased the activity and expression of antioxidant and related genes, thereby alleviating pathogen-induced oxidative stress; and (3) directly inhibited in vivo pathogen growth. The findings highlight the significant potential of La2O3 NMs for suppressing plant disease in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengna Tao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wade H Elmer
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven 06511, Connecticut, United States
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven 06511, Connecticut, United States
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, Massachusetts, United States
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10
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Liu CJ, Lyu CY, Ai XZ, Bi HG. [Effects of fulvic acid on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of cucumber under drought stress]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:1300-1310. [PMID: 35730089 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202205.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) participates in the regulation of drought stress tolerance in plants, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We carried out an experiment with cucumber cultivar 'Jinyou 35' as the test material and the polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) being used to simulate drought stress. The concentration effect of FA on drought alleviation of cucumber as well as the effect of FA on photosynthetic enzymes activities, chloroplast ultrastructure, fluorescence parameters, water use efficiency, yield and quality of cucumber plants were studied through spraying FA with different concentrations (0, 100, 300, 500, 700 and 900 mg·L-1). The results showed that FA with different concentrations significantly promoted the relative water content and leaf area and decreased drought injure index as well as the electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, compared with the control (0 mg·L-1) under drought stress. The mitigative effect of FA increased first and then decreased with the increases of FA concentration, with 700 mg·L-1 FA showing the best effect. FA significantly enhanced the chlorophyll content, Rubiasco and Rubisco activase (RCA) activities and gene expression, net photosynthesis (Pn), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡin darkness, actual photochemical efficiency, absorbed light energy per unit area, captured light energy per unit area, quantum yield of electron transport and PSⅠ activity, decreased the increase of K point and maintained chloroplast ultrastructure. The experiment in solar-greenhouse showed that FA obviously increased water use efficiency, promoted dry matter accumulation as well as the contents of Vc, soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acid, and decreased tannin content. Our results suggested that FA could improve the yield and quality of cucumber in solar greenhouse under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Juan Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huang Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Yu Lyu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huang Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xi-Zhen Ai
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huang Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Huan-Gai Bi
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huang Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
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11
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Song GC, Jeon J, Choi HK, Sim H, Kim S, Ryu C. Bacterial type III effector-induced plant C8 volatiles elicit antibacterial immunity in heterospecific neighbouring plants via airborne signalling. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:236-247. [PMID: 34708407 PMCID: PMC9298316 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Upon sensing attack by pathogens and insect herbivores, plants release complex mixtures of volatile compounds. Here, we show that the infection of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) plants with the non-host bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato led to the production of microbe-induced plant volatiles (MIPVs). Surprisingly, the bacterial type III secretion system, which injects effector proteins directly into the plant cytosol to subvert host functions, was found to prime both intra- and inter-specific defense responses in neighbouring wild tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants. Screening of each of 16 effectors using the Pseudomonas fluorescens effector-to-host analyser revealed that an effector, HopP1, was responsible for immune activation in receiver tobacco plants. Further study demonstrated that 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone and 3-octanol are novel MIPVs emitted by the lima bean plant in a HopP1-dependent manner. Exposure to synthetic 1-octen-3-ol activated immunity in tobacco plants against a virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. Our results show for the first time that a bacterial type III effector can trigger the emission of C8 plant volatiles that mediate defense priming via plant-plant interactions. These results provide novel insights into the role of airborne chemicals in bacterial pathogen-induced inter-specific plant-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobacteriology LaboratoryInfectious Disease Research Center, KRIBBDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Je‐Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology LaboratoryInfectious Disease Research Center, KRIBBDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Choi
- Molecular Phytobacteriology LaboratoryInfectious Disease Research Center, KRIBBDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Hee‐Jung Sim
- Environmental Chemistry Research GroupKorea Institute of Toxicology (KIT)JinjuSouth Korea
| | - Sang‐Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Choong‐Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology LaboratoryInfectious Disease Research Center, KRIBBDaejeonSouth Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering ProgramUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)DaejeonSouth Korea
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12
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Feng Z, Zheng F, Wu S, Li R, Li Y, Zhong J, Zhao H. Functional Characterization of a Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) Vacuolar Invertase, CsVI1, Involved in Hexose Accumulation and Response to Low Temperature Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179365. [PMID: 34502273 PMCID: PMC8431200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), an important vegetable plant species, is susceptible to low temperature stress especially during the seedling stage. Vacuolar invertase (VI) plays important roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of VI function in cucumber, have not yet been completely understood and VI responses to low temperature stress and it functions in cold tolerance in cucumber seedlings are also in need of exploration. The present study found that hexose accumulation in the roots of cucumber seedlings under low temperature stress is closely related to the observed enhancement of invertase activity. Our genome-wide search for the vacuolar invertase (VI) genes in cucumber identified the candidate VI-encoding gene CsVI1. Expression profiling of CsVI1 showed that it was mainly expressed in the young roots of cucumber seedlings. In addition, transcriptional analysis indicated that CsVI1 expression could respond to low temperature stress. Recombinant CsVI1 proteins purified from Pichia pastoris and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves could hydrolyze sucrose into hexoses. Further, overexpression of CsVI1 in cucumber plants could increase their hexose contents and improve their low temperature tolerance. Lastly, a putative cucumber invertase inhibitor was found could form a complex with CsVI1. In summary, these results confirmed that CsVI1 functions as an acid invertase involved in hexose accumulation and responds to low temperature stress in cucumber seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Feng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 732001, China;
| | - Fenghua Zheng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Silin Wu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Rui Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yue Li
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.W.); (R.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Wen H, Pan J, Chen Y, Chen G, Du H, Zhang L, Zhang K, He H, Wang G, Cai R, Pan J. TERMINAL FLOWER 1 and TERMINAL FLOWER 1d respond to temperature and photoperiod signals to inhibit determinate growth in cucumber. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:2580-2592. [PMID: 33938004 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants monitor environmental cues to balance their vegetative and productive growth by optimizing their inflorescence architecture. TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) and its orthologs regulate the inflorescence structure in cucumber, yet the mechanisms underlying their responses to environmental factors and the formation of terminal flowers remain elusive. Here, we performed map-based cloning to identify the gene that controls a season-dependent determinate growth phenotype and found that it was caused by the complete deletion of CsTFL1 in the genome of cucumber line WI1983Hde. In the CsTFL1 deletion plants (CsTFL1del ), determinate growth could be partially rescued by high-temperature and long-day conditions. The expressions of CsTFL1 and its ortholog CsTFL1d could be upregulated by long-day and high-temperature signals. Knockdown of CsTFL1d resulted in determinate growth and the formation of terminal flowers in WT. These results indicate that the induction of CsTFL1d expression by long-day and high-temperature might partially rescue determinate growth of CsTFL1del . Furthermore, biochemical analyses showed that CsTFL1d interacts directly with CsNOT2a, which indicated that CsTFL1d and CsTFL1 function via similar regulatory mechanism. Our data suggest that CsTFL1 and CsTFL1d co-contribute to inhibit determinate growth by responding to temperature and photoperiod signals. It provides mechanistic insights into how environmental cues sculpt the inflorescence architecture of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifan Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanqun Chen
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leyu Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanle He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Jiang Y, Ye J, Niinemets Ü. Dose-dependent methyl jasmonate effects on photosynthetic traits and volatile emissions: biphasic kinetics and stomatal regulation. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1917169. [PMID: 33879022 PMCID: PMC8204986 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1917169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been extensively used to study jasmonate-dependent signaling events triggered by biotic stresses. MeJA application leads to complex jasmonate-dependent physiological responses, including changes in stomatal openness and induction of emissions of a multitude of volatile compounds. Whether the alterations in stomatal conductance and emissions of MeJA-induced volatiles are quantitatively associated with MeJA dose, and whether the induced volatile emissions are regulated by modifications in stomatal conductance had been poorly known until recently. Our latest studies highlighted a biphasic kinetics of jasmonate-dependent volatile emissions induced by MeJA treatment in the model species cucumber (Cucumis sativus), indicating induction of an immediate stress response and subsequent gene-expression level response. Both the immediate and delayed responses were MeJA dose-dependent. The studies further demonstrated that stomata modulated the kinetics of emissions of water-soluble volatiles in a MeJA dose-dependent manner. These studies contribute to understanding of plant short- and long-term responses to different biotic stress severities as simulated by treatments with a range of MeJA doses corresponding to mild to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, NanjingChina
| | - Jiayan Ye
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
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15
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Liu N, Li J, Lv J, Yu J, Xie J, Wu Y, Tang Z. Melatonin alleviates imidacloprid phytotoxicity to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through modulating redox homeostasis in plants and promoting its metabolism by enhancing glutathione dependent detoxification. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 217:112248. [PMID: 33901782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel), a powerful antioxidant that has the ability to regulate physiological and biochemical processes in plants under abiotic stresses. However, its roles in pesticide detoxification is poorly understood. Herein, selecting leaf spraying insecticide imidacloprid (IMD) as the model, we demonstrated the detoxification mechanism underlying root pretreatment of Mel on IMD in cucumber. IMD treatment affected the primary light conversion efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), reduced the quantum yield, and increased hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions contents as well as the levels of membrane lipid peroxidation, indicating that excessive IMD treatment induces oxidative stress. Nonetheless, by increasing the appropriate levels of exogenous Mel, the photosynthesis of cucumber under IMD treatment reached the control levels, effectively removing reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the content and ratio of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) were decreased under IMD treatment; Mel treatment enhanced the AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios, as well as the activities of MDHAR, DHAR and GR, suggesting that Mel could alleviate oxidative stress of cucumber treated with IMD by regulating the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle. Importantly, IMD degradation rate and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity increased after Mel treatment. The levels of transcripts encoding antioxidant enzymes GPX and GST (GST1,2 and 3) were also increased, indicating that Mel accelerated IMD degradation. These results suggest that Mel plays an important role in the detoxification of IMD by promoting GST activity and transcription and the AsA-GSH cycle, thus providing an approach for plants to reduce IMD residue through the plant's own detoxification mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jinwu Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid-land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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16
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Berg JA, Hermans FWK, Beenders F, Abedinpour H, Vriezen WH, Visser RGF, Bai Y, Schouten HJ. The amino acid permease (AAP) genes CsAAP2A and SlAAP5A/B are required for oomycete susceptibility in cucumber and tomato. Mol Plant Pathol 2021; 22:658-672. [PMID: 33934492 PMCID: PMC8126186 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbit downy mildew (DM), caused by the obligate biotroph Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is a destructive disease in cucumber. A valuable source of DM resistance is the Indian cucumber accession PI 197088, which harbours several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to quantitatively inherited DM resistance. With a combination of fine-mapping and transcriptomics, we identified Amino Acid Permease 2A (CsAAP2A) as a candidate gene for QTL DM4.1.3. Whole-genome and Sanger sequencing revealed the insertion of a Cucumis Mu-like element (CUMULE) transposon in the allele of the resistant near-isogenic line DM4.1.3. To confirm whether loss of CsAAP2A contributes to partial DM resistance, we performed targeting induced local lesions in genomes on a DM-susceptible cucumber genotype to identify an additional csaap2a mutant, which indeed was partially DM resistant. In view of the loss of the putative function as amino acid transporter, we measured amino acids in leaves. We found that DM-inoculated leaves of line DM4.1.3 (with the csaap2a mutation) contained significantly fewer amino acids than wild-type cucumber. The decreased flow of amino acids towards infected leaves in csaap2a plants compared to the wild type might explain the resistant phenotype of the mutant, as this would limit the available nutrients for the pathogen and thereby its fitness. To examine whether AAP genes play a conserved role as susceptibility factors in plant-oomycete interactions, we made targeted mutations in two AAP genes from tomato and studied the effect on susceptibility to Phytophthora infestans. We conclude that not only CsAAP2A but also SlAAP5A/SlAAP5B are susceptibility genes for oomycete pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen A. Berg
- Plant BreedingWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuling Bai
- Plant BreedingWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Henk J. Schouten
- Plant BreedingWageningen University & ResearchWageningenNetherlands
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17
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Minorsky PV. On the Inside. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:193-195. [PMID: 35237801 PMCID: PMC8154083 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Minorsky
- School of Health and Natural Sciences, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York, USA
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18
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Liu Y, Bai L, Sun M, Wang J, Li S, Miao L, Yan Y, He C, Yu X, Li Y. Adaptation of cucumber seedlings to low temperature stress by reducing nitrate to ammonium during it's transportation. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:189. [PMID: 33874888 PMCID: PMC8056598 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperature severely depresses the uptake, translocation from the root to the shoot, and metabolism of nitrate and ammonium in thermophilic plants such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Plant growth is inhibited accordingly. However, the availability of information on the effects of low temperature on nitrogen transport remains limited. RESULTS Using non-invasive micro-test technology, the net nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) fluxes in the root hair zone and vascular bundles of the primary root, stem, petiole, midrib, lateral vein, and shoot tip of cucumber seedlings under normal temperature (NT; 26 °C) and low temperature (LT; 8 °C) treatment were analyzed. Under LT treatment, the net NO3- flux rate in the root hair zone and vascular bundles of cucumber seedlings decreased, whereas the net NH4+ flux rate in vascular bundles of the midrib, lateral vein, and shoot tip increased. Accordingly, the relative expression of CsNRT1.4a in the petiole and midrib was down-regulated, whereas the expression of CsAMT1.2a-1.2c in the midrib was up-regulated. The results of 15N isotope tracing showed that NO3--N and NH4+-N uptake of the seedlings under LT treatment decreased significantly compared with that under NT treatment, and the concentration and proportion of both NO3--N and NH4+-N distributed in the shoot decreased. Under LT treatment, the actual nitrate reductase activity (NRAact) in the root did not change significantly, whereas NRAact in the stem and petiole increased by 113.2 and 96.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The higher net NH4+ flux rate in leaves and young tissues may reflect the higher NRAact in the stem and petiole, which may result in a higher proportion of NO3- being reduced to NH4+ during the upward transportation of NO3-. The results contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanism of changes in nitrate transportation in plants in response to low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liu
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000 Shandong China
| | - Longqiang Bai
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi China
| | - Mintao Sun
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- College of Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi China
| | - Li Miao
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yan Yan
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Chaoxing He
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xianchang Yu
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yansu Li
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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19
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Song X, Bai P, Ding J, Li J. Effect of vapor pressure deficit on growth and water status in muskmelon and cucumber. Plant Sci 2021; 303:110755. [PMID: 33487342 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climatic warming and water shortages have become global environmental issues affecting agricultural production. The change of morphology and anatomical structures in plant organs can greatly affect plant growth. The study combined temperature and relative humidity to regulate vapor pressure deficit (VPD) to form low and high VPD environments (LVPD and HVPD, respectively) in two climate-controlled greenhouses. The effects of different VPD conditions on gas exchange parameters, dry matter, and leaf and stem anatomical structure parameters of muskmelon and cucumber were compared and studied. The results show that the background VPD conditions give different internal structure of muskmelon and cucumber, therefore it can improve the transport capacity of water to the leaf surface under LVPD conditions. At the same time, the stomatal closure induced by atmospheric drought stress is avoided and the gas exchange capacity of the leaf stomata is enhanced, thereby maintaining high photosynthetic rate. Thus, reducing VPD is the key to achieving high yield and productivity in greenhouse muskmelon and cucumber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Song
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ping Bai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Juping Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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20
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Zhu Y, Jiang X, Zhang J, He Y, Zhu X, Zhou X, Gong H, Yin J, Liu Y. Silicon confers cucumber resistance to salinity stress through regulation of proline and cytokinins. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 156:209-220. [PMID: 32977177 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a continuous threat to global crop production. Here, we studied the alleviation role of exogenous silicon (Si) in NaCl-stressed cucumber, with special emphasis on plant growth, proline (Pro) and hormone metabolisms. The results showed that Si supplementation ameliorated the adverse effects of NaCl on plants growth, biomass, and oxidative stress. Salt stress greatly increased the content of Pro throughout the experiment, while Si regulated Pro content in two distinct ways. Si promoted the salt-induced Pro levels after 3 and 6 days of treatment, but decreased it after 9 and 12 days of treatment. Moreover, P5CS and ProDH activities and P5CS gene play important roles in Si and salt-regulated Pro levels in different stress phase. Under stress condition, Si addition tend to revert the content of ABA, IAA, cytokinin and SA to the control levels in most cases. Further correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the root cytokinin and Pro content after 3 days of treatment, suggesting the interaction between cytokinin and Pro metabolism. Exogenous application of Pro and ProDH competitive inhibitor D-Lactate confirmed the possible interplay between Pro and cytokinin metabolism. Further study identified several CKX (Csa4G647490 and Csa1G589070) and IPT (Csa7G392940 and Csa3G150100) genes that may be responsible for the regulation of cytokinin accumulation by Si and/or Pro after short-term of treatment. The results suggested that Pro is a key factor in Si-induced salt tolerance, and Si-increased Pro content may participate in the regulation of cytokinin metabolism under short-term of salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Xinchen Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Yang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Xiongmeng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Xiaokang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Haijun Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Junliang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
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21
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Shu S, Tang Y, Zhou X, Jahan MS, Sun J, Wang Y, Guo S. Physiological mechanism of transglutaminase-mediated improvement in salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 156:333-344. [PMID: 32998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase (TGase) is inextricably associated with plant growth and development. However, the mechanism by which TGase enhances salt tolerance of higher plants under salt stress is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of NaCl stress and exogenous o-phenanthroline (o-Phen, a metalloprotease inhibitor) on TGase activity, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, carbohydrates contents, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system, and endogenous polyamines (PAs) contents of salt-sensitive 'Jinyou No. 4' and salt-tolerant 'Inbred Line 9930' cucumber. Salt stress significantly inhibited plant growth of the two cultivars, as well as hindered carbohydrates transport, which was more evident in the salt-sensitive cultivar. TGase activity and expression, ROS scavenging capacity, and bound PAs content were up-regulated by salt stress to some extent, which was more distinct in the salt-tolerant cucumber cultivar. However, o-Phen treatment significantly inhibited TGase expression, and further decreased plant growth and the actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the two cultivars. In addition, application of o-Phen significantly decreased endogenous PAs content in leaves of 'Jinyou No. 4' and 'Inbred Line 9930' seedlings by 9.60% and 42.32% under NaCl stress, respectively. These results suggested that high activity of TGase increases the salt stress tolerance of cucumber plants by increasing endogenous PAs content and ROS scavenging capacity, and promoting carbon assimilation and photosynthetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mohammad Shan Jahan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China.
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22
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Yan Y, Sun M, Li Y, Wang J, He C, Yu X. The CsGPA1-CsAQPs module is essential for salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:1301-1316. [PMID: 32648011 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CsGPA1 interacts with CsTIP1.1 (a member of CsAQPs) and suppression of CsGPA1 results the reverse expression of CsAQPs in leaves and roots, resulting in declining water content of cucumber seedlings under salt stress. Salt stress seriously affects cucumber growth and development. Whether the G-protein alpha subunit functions in cucumber during salt stress and its regulation mechanism remains unknown. We interrogated CsGPA1-RNAi lines to identify the role of CsGPA1 during salt stress. Phenotypically, compared with wild type, leaves were severely withered, and root cells showed signs of senescence under salt stress for RNAi lines. Compared with WT, SOD and CAT activity, soluble protein and proline contents all decreased in RNAi lines, while malondialdehyde and relative electrical conductivity increased. Through screening the yeast two-hybrid library and combined with yeast two-hybrid and GST pull-down, the interaction of CsGPA1 with CsTIP1.1 was found the first time in a plant. Then, the expression of aquaporin (AQP) family genes was detected. The expression of CsAQP genes in leaves and roots was primarily up-regulated in WT under salt stress. However, interference by CsGPA1 resulted in enhanced expression of CsAQPs except for CsTIP3.2 in leaves, but reduced expression of some CsAQPs in roots under salt stress. Furthermore, principal component analysis of CsAQP expression profiles and linear regression analysis between CsGPA1 and CsAQPs revealed that CsGPA1 reversely regulated the expression of CsAQPs in leaves and roots under salt stress. Moreover, the water content in leaves and roots of RNAi seedlings significantly decreased compared with WT under salt stress. Overall, CsGPA1 interacts with CsTIP1.1 and suppression of CsGPA1 results in opposite patterns of expression of CsAQPs in leaves and roots, resulting in declining water content of cucumber under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mintao Sun
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yansu Li
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chaoxing He
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xianchang Yu
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Zhongguancun South St, Beijing, 100081, China.
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23
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Kopczewski T, Kuźniak E, Kornaś A, Rut G, Nosek M, Ciereszko I, Szczepaniak L. Local and Systemic Changes in Photosynthetic Parameters and Antioxidant Activity in Cucumber Challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6378. [PMID: 32887449 PMCID: PMC7504232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied changes in gas exchange, photochemical activity and the antioxidant system in cucumber leaves locally infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans and in uninfected systemic ones. Infection-induced declined net photosynthesis rate and the related changes in transpiration rate, the intracellular CO2 concentration, and prolonged reduction in maximal PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm), accompanied by an increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), were observed only in the infected leaves, along with full disease symptom development. Infection severely affected the ROS/redox homeostasis at the cellular level and in chloroplasts. Superoxide dismutase, ascorbate, and tocopherol were preferentially induced at the early stage of pathogenesis, whereas catalase, glutathione, and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes were activated later. Systemic leaves retained their net photosynthesis rate and the changes in the antioxidant system were partly like those in the infected leaves, although they occurred later and were less intense. Re-balancing of ascorbate and glutathione in systemic leaves generated a specific redox signature in chloroplasts. We suggest that it could be a regulatory element playing a role in integrating photosynthesis and redox regulation of stress, aimed at increasing the defense capacity and maintaining the growth of the infected plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kopczewski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Kuźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (G.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Grzegorz Rut
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (G.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (G.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Iwona Ciereszko
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Lech Szczepaniak
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
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24
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Li Z, Li R, Li Q, Zhou J, Wang G. Physiological response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves to polystyrene nanoplastics pollution. Chemosphere 2020; 255:127041. [PMID: 32679635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution in farmlands has become a major concern. However, few studies have assessed the effects of microplastics on higher plants. In this study, we investigated the influence of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs, 50 mg L-1), with four different particle sizes (100, 300, 500, and 700 nm), on the physiological and biochemical indexes of cucumber leaves. The biomass of cucumber plants significantly decreased after exposure to 300 nm PSNPs. Similarly, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, soluble sugar, carotenoid, and proline content, as well as the fluorescence of cucumber leaves were significantly reduced by 100 nm PSNPs. Malondialdehyde, proline, peroxidase gene expression and enzyme activity, and hydrogen peroxide content significantly increased in cucumber leaves exposed to 700 nm PSNPs. In addition, increasing PSNPs particle size led to decreased relative expression levels and activities of the major antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, while vitamin C and soluble protein content significantly increased. Overall, our results indicated that PSNPs affect the photosynthetic, antioxidant, and sugar metabolism systems of cucumber leaves, with the latter clearly affecting the total biomass of cucumber plants. The benzene ring resulting from the degradation of PSNPs in cucumber leaves may be the main factor affecting chlorophyll metabolism and sugar metabolism. Our findings provide a scientific basis for the risk assessment of PSNPs exposure in soil-plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxia Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China; Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
| | - Ruijing Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Qingfei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China; Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Junguo Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China; Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Guangyin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China; Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
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25
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Yin J, Wang L, Zhao J, Li Y, Huang R, Jiang X, Zhou X, Zhu X, He Y, He Y, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Genome-wide characterization of the C2H2 zinc-finger genes in Cucumis sativus and functional analyses of four CsZFPs in response to stresses. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:359. [PMID: 32727369 PMCID: PMC7392682 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS C2H2-type zinc finger protein (ZFPs) form a relatively large family of transcriptional regulators in plants, and play many roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. However, the comprehensive analysis of C2H2 ZFPs in cucumber (CsZFPs) and their regulation function in cucumber are still lacking. RESULTS In the current study, the whole genome identification and characterization of CsZFPs, including the gene structure, genome localization, phylogenetic relationship, and gene expression were performed. Functional analysis of 4 selected genes by transient transformation were also conducted. A total of 129 full-length CsZFPs were identified, which could be classified into four groups according to the phylogenetic analysis. The 129 CsZFPs unequally distributed on 7 chromosomes. Promoter cis-element analysis showed that the CsZFPs might involve in the regulation of phytohormone and/or abiotic stress response, and 93 CsZFPs were predicted to be targeted by one to 20 miRNAs. Moreover, the subcellular localization analysis indicated that 10 tested CsZFPs located in the nucleus and the transcriptome profiling analysis of CsZFPs demonstrated that these genes are involved in root and floral development, pollination and fruit spine. Furthermore, the transient overexpression of Csa1G085390 and Csa7G071440 into Nicotiana benthamiana plants revealed that they could decrease and induce leave necrosis in response to pathogen attack, respectively, and they could enhance salt and drought stresses through the initial induction of H2O2. In addition, Csa4G642460 and Csa6G303740 could induce cell death after 5 days transformation. CONCLUSIONS The identification and function analysis of CsZFPs demonstrated that some key individual CsZFPs might play essential roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. These results could lay the foundation for understanding the role of CsZFPs in cucumber development for future genetic engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 Hebei China
| | - Yiting Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Rong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Xinchen Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Xiaokang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Xiongmeng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yiqin He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yongxing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
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26
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Liu T, Yuan C, Gao Y, Luo J, Yang S, Liu S, Zhang R, Zou N. Exogenous salicylic acid mitigates the accumulation of some pesticides in cucumber seedlings under different cultivation methods. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 198:110680. [PMID: 32361497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a crucial signal molecule and phytohormone, regulating the biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as plant development. In this research, we comparatively examined the effects of exogenous SA on the behaviors of thiamethoxam (THIM), hymexazol (HMI) and chlorantraniliprole (CAP) in cucumber planting systems under soil pot and hydroponic cultivation. The cucumber seedlings were transplanted into soil or nutrient solution containing a target pesticide (1 mg/kg) or a target pesticide with SA (1 mg/kg) after the fourth leaf emerged. We examined the behaviors of pesticides both the SA treated and nontreated plants by analyzing cucumber root, stem and leaf samples taken on the 0-21 days following the root treatment. The root concentration factor (RCF), bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factors (TFstem and TFleaf) were calculated for the comparison of the differences in the behaviors of pesticides. We found that the accumulation behaviors of pesticides in planting systems were related to the physicochemical properties of pesticides, exogenous SA and cultivation methods. Exogenous SA had a certain promoting effect on the degradation of pesticides in soil and nutrient solution, resulting in reduced half-lives. SA was able to block the accumulation of pesticides in roots and leaves and alleviated the accumulation ability of roots, the bioconcentration ability of plants, and the translocation ability from roots to leaves. Interestingly, SA had more distinct effects on the behaviors of pesticides under hydroponic experiments than under soil pot experiments. Furthermore, the behaviors of clothianidin (CLO), the main metabolite of THIM, were also assessed, indicating that THIM was mainly metabolized to CLO in leaves and stems, and SA facilitated this process. Our findings suggest that SA has a certain regulatory effect on the accumulation of pesticides in plants, and SA-blocked pesticide accumulation is practically rewarding for improving food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Chunhao Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shangke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ruchang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Nan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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27
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Yang X, Yan J, Zhang Z, Lin T, Xin T, Wang B, Wang S, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Lucas WJ, Li G, Huang S. Regulation of plant architecture by a new histone acetyltransferase targeting gene bodies. Nat Plants 2020; 6:809-822. [PMID: 32665652 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Axillary meristem development determines both plant architecture and crop yield; this critical process is regulated by the PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS (TCP) family of transcription factors. Although TCP proteins bind primarily to promoter regions, some also target gene bodies for expression activation. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that TEN, a TCP from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), controls the identity and mobility of tendrils. Through its C terminus, TEN binds at intragenic enhancers of target genes; its N-terminal domain functions as a non-canonical histone acetyltransferase (HAT) to preferentially act on lysine 56 and 122 of the histone H3 globular domain. This HAT activity is responsible for chromatin loosening and host-gene activation. The N termini of all tested CYCLOIDEA and TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1-like TCP proteins contain an intrinsically disordered region; despite their sequence divergence, they have conserved HAT activity. This study identifies a non-canonical class of HATs and provides a mechanism by which modification at the H3 globular domain is integrated with the transcription process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tongxu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenhao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jicheng Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Guohong Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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28
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Zhong M, Wang Y, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. Ectopic expression of CsTGase enhances salt tolerance by regulating polyamine biosynthesis, antioxidant activities and Na +/K + homeostasis in transgenic tobacco. Plant Sci 2020; 296:110492. [PMID: 32540011 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGases), mediators of the transamidation of specific proteins by polyamines (PA), play critical roles in PA metabolism in animals, but their functions and regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown in plants. In this study, we demonstrated that TGase from cucumber played a protective role in the regulation of PA metabolism under salt stress. The expression of TGase was induced by salt stress in cucumber. Ectopic overexpression of cucumber TGase in tobacco conferred enhanced tolerance to salt stress based on both external symptoms and membrane integrity. Overexpression lines maintained high levels of PAs under salt stress, suggesting that PAs played a vital role in TGase-induced salt tolerance. In contrast, the levels of Na+ content in the wild-type (WT) plants increased, while they decreased in the overexpression plants. The expression levels of several genes related to ion exchange enhanced, and the Na+/K+ ratio decreased by increased TGase activity under salt stress. The activities of the proton-pump ATPase (H+-ATPase), vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (PPase) were higher in the overexpression lines than in WT plants under salt stress. Moreover, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents were significantly lower in the overexpression lines than in WT plants, accompanied by increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TGase plays protective roles in response to salt stress, which may promote plant survival by regulating PA metabolism and the Na+/K+ balance under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Agriculture Technology Extension Station of Jingsu Province, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China.
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Li J, Wang T, Han J, Ren Z. Genome-wide identification and characterization of cucumber bHLH family genes and the functional characterization of CsbHLH041 in NaCl and ABA tolerance in Arabidopsis and cucumber. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:272. [PMID: 32527214 PMCID: PMC7291561 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family exists in all three eukaryotic kingdoms as important participants in biological growth and development. To date, the comprehensive genomic and functional analyses of bHLH genes has not been reported in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). RESULTS Here, a total of 142 bHLH genes were identified and classified into 32 subfamilies according to the conserved motifs, phylogenetic analysis and gene structures in cucumber. The sequences of CsbHLH proteins were highly conserved based on the results of multiple sequence alignment analyses. The chromosomal distribution, synteny analysis, and gene duplications of these 142 CsbHLHs were further analysed. Many elements related to stress responsiveness and plant hormones were present in the promoter regions of CsbHLH genes based on a cis-element analysis. By comparing the phylogeny of cucumber and Arabidopsis bHLH proteins, we found that cucumber bHLH proteins were clustered into different functional clades of Arabidopsis bHLH proteins. The expression analysis of selected CsbHLHs under abiotic stresses (NaCl, ABA and low-temperature treatments) identified five CsbHLH genes that could simultaneously respond to the three abiotic stresses. Tissue-specific expression profiles of these five genes were also analysed. In addition, 35S:CsbHLH041 enhanced the tolerance to salt and ABA in transgenic Arabidopsis and in cucumber seedlings, suggesting CsbHLH041 is an important regulator in response to abiotic stresses. Lastly, the functional interoperability network among the CsbHLH proteins was analysed. CONCLUSION This study provided a good foundation for further research into the functions and regulatory mechanisms of CsbHLH proteins and identified candidate genes for stress resistance in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
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He X, Guo S, Wang Y, Wang L, Shu S, Sun J. Systematic identification and analysis of heat-stress-responsive lncRNAs, circRNAs and miRNAs with associated co-expression and ceRNA networks in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Physiol Plant 2020; 168:736-754. [PMID: 31125116 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and are mutually regulated by competition for binding to common microRNA response elements (MREs). However, a comprehensive identification and analysis of lncRNAs and circRNAs as ceRNAs have not yet been completed in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) exposed to high-temperature stress. In our study, 32 663 coding transcripts, 2085 lncRNAs, 2477 circRNAs and 348 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using RNA sequencing. In addition, six heat-stress-responsive miRNAs (five known and one novel miRNAs) and eight lncRNAs were selected for qPCR to confirm their expression profiles. By analyzing the cis effects of lncRNAs, we constructed a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Based on the results, the corresponding lncRNAs play a regulatory role in the stress response in cucumber plants. In our study, the PatMatch software was used to predict the potential function of lncRNAs and circRNAs as ceRNAs. A total of 18 lncRNAs and seven circRNAs were predicted to bind to 114 differentially expressed miRNAs and compete with 359 mRNAs for miRNA binding sites. These mRNAs are predicted to be involved in various pathways, such as plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction and glutathione metabolism. Among them, TCONS_00031790, TCONS_00014332, TCONS_00014717, TCONS_00005674, novel_circ_001543 and novel_circ_000876 may interact with miR9748 by plant hormone signal transduction pathways in response to high-temperature stress. Moreover, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) levels decreased in the high-temperature treatment group, indicating that IAA and ethylene signaling might be involved in response to high-temperature stress. In this study, we conducted a full transcriptomic analysis in response to high-temperature stress in cucumber and, for the first time, integrated the potential ceRNA functions of lncRNAs/circRNAs. The results provide a basis for studying the potential functions of lncRNAs/circRNAs in response to high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying He
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Suqian, 223800, China
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Zhang XW, Liu FJ, Zhai J, Li FD, Bi HG, Ai XZ. Auxin acts as a downstream signaling molecule involved in hydrogen sulfide-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber. Planta 2020; 251:69. [PMID: 32076872 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This report proves a cross talk between H2S and IAA in cold stress response, which has presented strong evidence that IAA acts as a downstream signal mediating the H2S-induced stress tolerance in cucumber seedlings. We evaluated changes in endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) emission systems, and the interactive effect of exogenous H2S and IAA on chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings. The results showed that chilling stress increased the activity and relative mRNA expression of L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-/D-CD), which in turn induced the accumulation of endogenous H2S. Similarly, the endogenous IAA system was triggered by chilling stress. We found that 1.0 mM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) significantly enhanced the activity of flavin monooxygenase (FMO) and relative expression of FMO-like proteins (YUCCA2), which in turn elevated endogenous IAA levels in cucumber seedlings. However, IAA had little effects on activities of L-/D-CD and endogenous H2S levels. H2S-induced IAA production accompanied by increase in chilling tolerance, as shown by the decrease in stress-induced electrolyte leakage (EL) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and increase in gene expressions and enzyme activities of photosynthesis. 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA, an IAA polar transport inhibitor) declined H2S-induced chilling tolerance and defense genes' expression. However, scavenging of H2S had a little effect on IAA-induced chilling tolerance. These results suggest that IAA acting as a downstream signaling molecule is involved in the H2S-induced chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jiang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fu-De Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Huan-Gai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xi-Zhen Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Liu F, Zhang X, Cai B, Pan D, Fu X, Bi H, Ai X. Physiological response and transcription profiling analysis reveal the role of glutathione in H 2S-induced chilling stress tolerance of cucumber seedlings. Plant Sci 2020; 291:110363. [PMID: 31928658 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have uncovered the multifunctional role of H2S in the physiological response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we studied whether NaHS (an H2S donor) pretreatment could provoke the tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings subsequently exposed to chilling stress and whether glutathione was involved in this process. Results showed that cucumber seedlings sprayed with NaHS exhibited remarkably increased chilling tolerance, as evidenced by the observed plant tolerant phenotype, as well as the lower levels of electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and RBOH mRNA abundance, compared with the control plants. In addition, NaHS treatment increased the endogenous content of the reduced glutathione (GSH) and the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), meanwhile, the higher net photosynthetic rate (Anet), the light-saturated CO2 assimilation rate (Asat), the photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII in darkness (ФPSII) as well as the mRNA levels and activities of the key photosynthetic enzymes (Rubisco, TK, SBPase and FBA) were observed in NaHS-treated seedlings under chilling stress, whereas this effect of NaHS was weakened by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, an inhibitor of glutathione) or 6-Aminonicotinamide (6-AN, a specific pentose inhibitor and thus inhibits the NADPH production), which preliminarily proved the interaction between H2S and GSH. Moreover, transcription profiling analysis revealed that the GSH-associated genes (GST Tau, MAAI, APX, GR, GS and MDHAR) were significantly up-regulated in NaHS-treated cucumber seedlings, compared to the H2O-treated seedlings under chilling stress. Thus, novel results highlight the importance of glutathione as a downstream signal of H2S-induced plant tolerance to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Bingbing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Dongyun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Huangai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Xizhen Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Du C, Chai L, Wang Z, Fan H. Response of proteome and morphological structure to short-term drought and subsequent recovery in Cucumis sativus leaves. Physiol Plant 2019; 167:676-689. [PMID: 30663056 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the primary limitation to plant growth and yield in agricultural systems. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most important vegetables worldwide and has little tolerance for water deficit. To understand the drought stress response strategy of this plant, the responses of cucumber to short-term drought and rewatering were determined in this study by morphological structure and proteomic analyses. The leaf relative water content was significantly decreased under drought, and the cell structure was altered, while rewatering obviously alleviated the symptoms of water shortage and cell damage. A total of 320 and 246 proteins exhibiting significant abundance changes in response to drought and recovery, respectively, were identified. Our proteome analysis showed that 63 co-regulated proteins were shared between drought and rewatering, whereas most of the responsive proteins were unique. The proteome is adjusted through a sequence of regulatory processes including the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the glutathione metabolism pathway, which showed a high correlation between protein abundance profile and corresponding enzyme activity. Drought and recovery regulated different types of proteins, allowing plants to adapt to environmental stress or restore growth, respectively, which suggests that short-term drought and recovery are almost fully uncoupled processes. As an important component of the antioxidant system in plants, glutathione metabolism may be one of the main strategies for regulating antioxidant capacity during drought recovery. Our results provide useful information for further analyses of drought adaptability in cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Du
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Li'ang Chai
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huaifu Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Zhang C, Win KT, Kim YC, Lee S. Two types of mutations in the HEUKCHEEM gene functioning in cucumber spine color development can be used as signatures for cucumber domestication. Planta 2019; 250:1491-1504. [PMID: 31332520 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The HEUKCHEEM gene plays an important role in spine color formation. A white spine occurs due to two mutations in HEUKCHEEM and is closely related to the regional distribution of these mutants. Mapping analysis revealed that the HEUKCHEEM gene is co-segregated with the B locus in the regulation of black spine color development in cucumber fruit. HEUKCHEEM induced the expression of the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, leading to the accumulation of anthocyanins in black spines. The transiently over-expressed HEUKCHEEM in cucumber and tobacco plants enhanced the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes, leading to anthocyanin accumulation. However, two mutations-insertion of the 6994 bp mutator-like transposable element (MULE) sequence into the second intron and one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of C to T in the second exon of HEUKCHEEM-were identified in white spines, leading to no accumulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related gene transcripts and anthocyanins. Furthermore, association analysis using 104 cucumber accessions with different geographical origins revealed that the types of mutations in HEUKCHEEM are strongly linked to geographical origins. The MULE insertion is found extensively in cucumbers with white spines in East Asia and Australia. However, cucumbers with white spines in other areas could be significantly influenced by a single SNP mutation. Our results provide fundamental information on spine color development in cucumber fruits and spine color-based cucumber breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Zhang
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-resource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Khin Thanda Win
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-resource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-resource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeob Lee
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-resource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate fungicide applications, host resistance, and trellising, alone and in combination, as management practices for downy mildew on slicing cucumber. A split-split plot experimental design was used with three and four replications in spring and fall 2017, respectively. The whole-plot treatment was fungicide, four applications of chlorothalonil (Bravo Weather Stik 6SC) alternated with three applications of cyazofamid (Ranman 400SC), or water. Split plots were nontrellised or trellised with four strings supported by stakes. Split-split plots were cultivar Bristol, which is intermediately resistant to downy mildew, or cultivar Speedway, which is susceptible to downy mildew with similar parentage as Bristol. In both seasons, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values were lower with fungicides than water for both cultivars. In the spring, AUDPC for Bristol was lower than for Speedway regardless of fungicide treatment. In the fall, Bristol had a lower AUDPC than Speedway with fungicides, but the AUDPC did not differ between the two cultivars with water. The mean AUDPC for trellised plants (376.2) was lower than for nontrellised plants (434.0; P = 0.007). Fungicide applications increased marketable and total fruit weights in both seasons (P ≤ 0.0002). Marketable weight with fungicides was almost double (93% greater) the marketable weight with water. Marketable weight was 55% greater for Bristol than for Speedway in spring, but yields did not differ between cultivars in fall (season-by-cultivar interaction, P ≤ 0.0003). Because trellising had no effect on marketable yields (P = 0.11), trellising is not recommended for managing downy mildew on slicing cucumber. Of the three management techniques examined, fungicides had the largest effects on disease and yields, followed by cultivar resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Keinath
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Coastal Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Charleston, SC 29414
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Cui Q, Li Y, He X, Li S, Zhong X, Liu B, Zhang D, Li Q. Physiological and iTRAQ based proteomics analyses reveal the mechanism of elevated CO 2 concentration alleviating drought stress in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 143:142-153. [PMID: 31493674 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is one of the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases. We previously confirmed that elevated [CO2] alleviated the negative consequences of drought stress to cucumber seedlings, but the physiological mechanism remains unknown. We investigated the morphological and physiological characteristics as well as iTRAQ-based proteomics analyses in this study under different combinations [CO2] (400 and (800 ± 20) μmol·mol-1) and water conditions (no, moderate and severe drought stress simulated by polyethylene glycol 6000). The results showed: (1) elevated [CO2] significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and relative water content (RWC) under drought stress; (2) drought stress significantly increased J and K peaks of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, indicating the damage of photosynthetic electron transport chain, while elevated [CO2] decreased them especially under moderate drought condition; (3) iTRAQ-based proteomics analyses indicated that elevated [CO2] increased the abundance of psbJ and the PSI reaction center subunit VI-2 in seedlings exposed to moderate drought stress; (4) the abundance of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase 2 and tetrapyrrole-binding protein decreased in response to elevated [CO2] under severe drought condition; (5) elevated [CO2] regulated the expression of chloroplast proteins such as those related to stress and defense response, redox homeostasis, metabolic pathways. In conclusion, elevated [CO2] enhanced the efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport, limited the absorption of excess light energy, enhanced the ability of antioxidant and osmotic adjustment, and alleviated the accumulation of toxic substances under drought stress. These findings provide new clues for understanding the molecular basis of elevated [CO2] alleviated plant drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cui
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bei'jing, 100081, China
| | - Yiman Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xinrui He
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shuhao Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Dalong Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Qingming Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Wu X, Shu S, Wang Y, Yuan R, Guo S. Exogenous putrescine alleviates photoinhibition caused by salt stress through cooperation with cyclic electron flow in cucumber. Photosynth Res 2019; 141:303-314. [PMID: 31004254 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When plants suffer from abiotic stresses, cyclic electron flow (CEF) is induced for photo-protection. Putrescine (Put), a primary polyamine in chloroplasts, plays a critical role in stress tolerance. However, the relationship between CEF and Put in chloroplasts for photo-protection is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Put-induced CEF for salt tolerance in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L). Treatment with 90 mM NaCl and/or Put did not influence the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), but the photoactivity of PSI was severely inhibited by NaCl. Salt stress induced a high level of CEF; moreover, plants treated with both NaCl and Put exhibited much higher CEF activity and ATP accumulation than those exhibited by single-salt-treated plants to provide an adequate ATP/NADPH ratio for plant growth. Furthermore, Put decreased the trans-membrane proton gradient (ΔpH), which was accompanied by reduced pH-dependent non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and an increased the effective quantum yield of PSII (Y(II)). The ratio of NADP+/NADPH increased significantly with Put in salt-stressed leaves compared with the ratio in leaves treated with NaCl, indicating that Put relieved over-reduction pressure at the PSI acceptor side caused by salt stress. Collectively, our results suggest that exogenous Put creates an excellent condition for CEF promotion: a large amount of pmf is predominantly stored as Δψ, resulting in moderate lumen pH and low NPQ, while maintaining high rates of ATP synthesis (high pmf).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruonan Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Nanjing Agricultural University (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticulture, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhang F, Qin Z, Zhou X, Xin M, Li S, Luan J. Expression and functional analysis of the propamocarb-related gene CsMAPEG in cucumber. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:371. [PMID: 31438856 PMCID: PMC6704574 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propamocarb (PM) is one of the main pesticides used for controlling cucumber downy mildew. However, due to its volatility and internal absorption, PM can easily form pesticide residues on cucumber fruits that seriously endanger human health and pollute the environment. The breeding of new cucumber varieties with a low abundance of PM residues via genetic methods constitutes an effective strategy for reducing pesticide residues and improving cucumber safety and quality. To help elucidate the molecular mechanism resulting in a low PM residue abundance in cucumber, we used the cucumber cultivar 'D0351' (which has the lowest PM residue content) as the test material and identified genes related to low PM residue abundance through high-throughput tag-sequencing (Tag-Seq). RESULTS CsMAPEG was constitutively expressed and showed both varietal and organizational differences. This gene was strongly expressed in 'D0351'. The expression levels of CsMAPEG in different cucumber tissues under PM stress were as follows: fruit>leaf>stem>root. CsMAPEG can respond to salicylic acid (SA), gibberellin (GA) and Corynespora cassiicola Wei (Cor) stress and thus plays an important regulatory role in plant responses to abiotic and biological stresses. The PM residue abundance in the fruits of CsMAPEG-overexpressing plants was lower than those found in antisense CsMAPEG plants and wild-type plants at all tested time points. The results revealed that CsMAPEG played a positive role in reducing the PM residue abundance. A CsMAPEG sense construct increased the contents of SOD, POD and GST in cucumber fruits, enhanced the degradation and metabolism of PM in cucumber, and thus effectively reduced the pesticide residue abundance in cucumber fruits. CONCLUSIONS The expression patterns of CsMAPEG in cucumber cultivars with high and low pesticide residue abundances and a transgenic verification analysis showed that CsMAPEG can actively respond to PM stress and effectively reduce the PM residue abundance in cucumber fruits. The results of this study will help researchers further elucidate the mechanism responsible for a low PM residue abundance in cucumber and lay a foundation for the breeding of new agricultural cucumber varieties with low pesticide residue abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Zhiwei Qin
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Xiuyan Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Ming Xin
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Shengnan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Jie Luan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
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He MW, Wang Y, Wu JQ, Shu S, Sun J, Guo SR. Isolation and characterization of S-Adenosylmethionine synthase gene from cucumber and responsive to abiotic stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 141:431-445. [PMID: 31238253 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS) catalyzes methionine and ATP to generate S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). In plants, accumulating SAMS genes have been characterized and the majority of them are reported to participate in development and stress response. In this study, two putative SAMS genes (CsSAMS1 and CsSAMS2) were identified in cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.). They displayed 95% similarity and had a high identity with their homologous of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. The qRT-PCR test showed that CsSAMS1 was predominantly expressed in stem, male flower, and young fruit, whereas CsSAMS2 was preferentially accumulated in stem and female flower. And they displayed differential expression profiles under stimuli, including NaCl, ABA, SA, MeJA, drought and low temperature. To elucidate the function of cucumber SAMS, the full-length CDS of CsSAMS1 was cloned, and prokaryotic expression system and transgenic materials were constructed. Expressing CsSAMS1 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) improved the growth of the engineered strain under salt stress. Overexpression of CsSAMS1 significantly increased MDA content, H2O2 content, and POD activity in transgenic lines under non-stress condition. Under salt stress, however, the MDA content of transgenic lines was lower than that of the wild type, the H2O2 content remained high, the polyamine and ACC synthesis in transgenic lines exhibited a CsSAMS1-expressed dependent way. Taken together, our results suggested that both CsSAMS1 and CsSAMS2 were involved in plant development and stress response, and a proper increase of expression level of CsSAMS1 in plants is benificial to improving salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Wen He
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Shi-Rong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China.
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Wang R, Wang J, Wang J, Zhu L, Zhang W, Zhao X, Ahmad Z. Growth Inhibiting Effects of Four Antibiotics on Cucumber, Rape and Chinese Cabbage. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 103:187-192. [PMID: 30859247 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Application of manure resulted in high concentration of antibiotics in soil. Compared to the wide literature on the adverse effects of antibiotics on animals and human beings, the effects on plants are less investigated. In this study, we investigated the growth inhibiting effects of four antibiotics (OTC, DOX, OFL, and ENR) on cucumber, rape and Chinese cabbage using hydroponic methods. Seeds of three vegetable varieties were separately exposed to six concentrations of OTC and DOX (0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 mg/L) and OFL and ENR (0, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 mg/L). The growth inhibiting effects of the four antibiotics on three vegetables were different. This study has shown that these antibiotics can induce potential growth inhibiting effects in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Gavito ME, Jakobsen I, Mikkelsen TN, Mora F. Direct evidence for modulation of photosynthesis by an arbuscular mycorrhiza-induced carbon sink strength. New Phytol 2019; 223:896-907. [PMID: 30891762 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that plant carbon (C) use by symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may be compensated by higher photosynthetic rates because fungal metabolism creates a strong C sink that prevents photosynthate accumulation and downregulation of photosynthesis. This mechanism remains largely unexplored and lacks experimental evidence. We report here two experiments showing that the experimental manipulation of the mycorrhizal C sink significantly affected the photosynthetic rates of cucumber host plants. We expected that a sudden reduction in sink strength would cause a significant reduction in photosynthetic rates, at least temporarily. Excision of part of the extraradical mycorrhizal mycelium from roots, and causing no disturbance to the plant, induced a sustained (10-40%) decline in photosynthetic rates that lasted from 30 min to several hours in plants that were well-nourished and hydrated, and in the absence of growth or photosynthesis promotion by mycorrhizal inoculation. This effect was though minor in plants growing at high (700 ppm) atmospheric CO2 . This is the first direct experimental evidence for the C sink strength effects exerted by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts on plant photosynthesis. It encourages further experimentation on mycorrhizal source-sink relations, and may have strong implications in large-scale assessments and modelling of plant photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra E Gavito
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de Sán José de la Huerta, Morelia, 58190, Michoacán, México
| | - Iver Jakobsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Teis N Mikkelsen
- DTU Environmental Engineering, Air, Land & Water Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Building 115, DK - 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de Sán José de la Huerta, Morelia, 58190, Michoacán, México
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Yu G, Wang X, Chen Q, Cui N, Yu Y, Fan H. Cucumber Mildew Resistance Locus O Interacts with Calmodulin and Regulates Plant Cell Death Associated with Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2995. [PMID: 31248151 PMCID: PMC6627319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-induced cell death is closely related to plant disease susceptibility and resistance. The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) mildew resistance locus O (CsMLO1) and calmodulin (CsCaM3) genes, as molecular components, are linked to nonhost resistance and hypersensitive cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that CsMLO1 interacts with CsCaM3 via yeast two-hybrid, firefly luciferase (LUC) complementation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments. A subcellular localization analysis of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion reveals that CsCaM3 is transferred from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana, and CsCaM3 green fluorescence is significantly attenuated via the coexpression of CsMLO1 and CsCaM3. CsMLO1 negatively regulates CsCaM3 expression in transiently transformed cucumbers, and hypersensitive cell death is disrupted by CsCaM3 and/or CsMLO1 expression under Corynespora cassiicola infection. Additionally, CsMLO1 silencing significantly enhances the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes (CsPO1, CsRbohD, and CsRbohF), defense marker genes (CsPR1 and CsPR3) and callose deposition-related gene (CsGSL) in infected cucumbers. These results suggest that the interaction of CsMLO1 with CsCaM3 may act as a cell death regulator associated with plant immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Qiumin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Na Cui
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Bo K, Wei S, Wang W, Miao H, Dong S, Zhang S, Gu X. QTL mapping and genome-wide association study reveal two novel loci associated with green flesh color in cucumber. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:243. [PMID: 31174472 PMCID: PMC6556036 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green flesh color, resulting from the accumulation of chlorophyll, is one of the most important commercial traits for the fruits. The genetic network regulating green flesh formation has been studied in tomato, melon and watermelon. However, little is known about the inheritance and molecular basis of green flesh in cucumber. This study sought to determine the main genomic regions associated with green flesh. Three F2 and two BC1 populations derived from the 9110Gt (cultivated cucumber, green flesh color) and PI183967 (wild cucumber, white flesh color) were used for the green flesh genetic analysis. Two F2 populations of them were further employed to do the map construction and quantitative trait loci (QTL) study. Also, a core cucumber germplasms population was used to do the GWAS analysis. RESULTS We identified three indexes, flesh color (FC), flesh extract color (FEC) and flesh chlorophyll content (FCC) in three environments. Genetic analysis indicated that green flesh color in 9110Gt is controlled by a major-effect QTL. We developed two genetic maps with 192 and 174 microsatellite markers respectively. Two novel inversions in Chr1 were identified between cultivated and wild cucumbers. The major-effect QTL, qgf5.1, was identified using FC, FEC and FCC index in all different environments used. In addition, the same qgf5.1, together with qgf3.1, was identified via GWAS. Further investigation of two candidate regions using pairwise LD correlations, combined with genetic diversity of qgf5.1 in natural populations, it was found that Csa5G021320 is the candidate gene of qgf5.1. Geographical distribution revealed that green flesh color formation could be due to the high latitude, which has longer day time to produce the photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis during cucumber domestication and evolution. CONCLUSIONS We first reported the cucumber green flesh color is a quantitative trait. We detected two novel loci qgf5.1 and qgf3.1, which regulate the green flesh formation in cucumber. The QTL mapping and GWAS approaches identified several candidate genes for further validation using functional genomics or forward genetics approaches. Findings from the present study provide a new insight into the genetic control of green flesh in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Bo
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Han Miao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shaoyun Dong
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xingfang Gu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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Pawełkowicz M, Pryszcz L, Skarzyńska A, Wóycicki RK, Posyniak K, Rymuszka J, Przybecki Z, Pląder W. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals new molecular pathways for cucumber genes related to sex determination. Plant Reprod 2019; 32:193-216. [PMID: 30719568 PMCID: PMC6500512 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome data and qPCR analysis revealed new insight into genes regulatory mechanism related to cucumber sex determination. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an economically important crop cultivated worldwide. Enhancing the genomic resources for cucumber may enable the regulation of traits relevant to crop productivity and quality. Sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools provide opportunities for the development of such resources. The aims of this study were to identify and characterize the genes involved in sex determination and flower morphogenesis in cucumber isogenic lines that differed regarding flower sex type. We obtained transcripts for 933 genes related to shoot apex development, among which 310 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the male, female, and hermaphroditic lines. We performed gene ontology and molecular network analyses and explored the DEGs related to already known processes like: hormone synthesis and signaling, lipid and sugar metabolism; and also newly discovered processes related to cell wall, membrane, and cytoskeleton modifications; ion homeostasis which appears to be important for ethylene perception and signaling, and genes expression mediated by transcription factors related to floral organ identities. We proposed a new model of regulatory mechanism network of sex development in cucumber. Our results may be useful for clarifying the molecular genetics and the functional mechanisms underlying the sex determination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pawełkowicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Leszek Pryszcz
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skarzyńska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał K Wóycicki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kacper Posyniak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Rymuszka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Przybecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pląder
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Alsaeedi A, El-Ramady H, Alshaal T, El-Garawany M, Elhawat N, Al-Otaibi A. Silica nanoparticles boost growth and productivity of cucumber under water deficit and salinity stresses by balancing nutrients uptake. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 139:1-10. [PMID: 30870715 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in enhancing growth and yield of cucumber under water deficit and salinity stresses was assessed. A field experiment under greenhouse conditions was established using 4 different levels of SiNPs (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg kg-1) and 3 different watering regimes calculated based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (100, 85 and 70% of ETc). Electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio of irrigation water were 1.7 dS m-1 and 4.63 respectively. The results revealed that SiNPs improved growth and productivity of cucumber regardless of quantity of supplied water; however, the greatest increase corresponded to irrigating cucumber at the rate of 85% of ETc. Applying SiNPs at rate of 200 mg kg-1 showed the greatest increase specially when cucumber plants received 85% of their ETc causing an increase of 20, 51 and 156% in plant height, chlorophyll and fruit yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants. These increases could be due to alerting nutrient uptake as SiNPs clearly increased contents of nitrogen (by 30%), potassium (by 52, 75 and 41% in root, stem and leaf, respectively) and silicon (by 51, 57, 8 and 78% in root, stem, leaf and fruit, respectively). Otherwise, same treatment reduced sodium uptake by 38, 77 and 38% in root, stem and leaf, respectively; consequently, potassium-sodium ratio increased by 149, 735 and 127% in root, stem and leaf, respectively. The significant role of SiNPs in mitigating water deficit and salinity stresses could be referred to high silicon content found in leaf which regulates water losses via transpiration. Also, high K+ content found in roots of cucumber helps plants to tolerate abiotic stresses as a result of maintaining ion homeostasis and regulating the osmotic balance as well as controlling stomatal opening which helps plants to adapt to salinity and water deficit stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsaeedi
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan El-Ramady
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt; University of Debrecen, Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department, AGTC Böszörményi u. 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tarek Alshaal
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt; University of Debrecen, Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department, AGTC Böszörményi u. 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Mohamed El-Garawany
- The Agricultural-Veterinarian Training and Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nevien Elhawat
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Home Economic, Al-Azhar University, Egypt; University of Debrecen, Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department, AGTC Böszörményi u. 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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Xin T, Zhang Z, Li S, Zhang S, Li Q, Zhang ZH, Huang S, Yang X. Genetic Regulation of Ethylene Dosage for Cucumber Fruit Elongation. Plant Cell 2019; 31:1063-1076. [PMID: 30914499 PMCID: PMC6533019 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant organ growth and development are determined by a subtle balance between growth stimulation and inhibition. Fruit size and shape are important quality traits influencing yield and market value; however, the underlying mechanism regulating the balance of fruit growth to achieve final size and shape is not well understood. Here, we report a mechanistic model that governs cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit elongation through fine-tuning of ethylene homeostasis. We identified a cucumber mutant that bears short fruits owing to repressed cell division. SF1 (Short Fruit 1) encodes a cucurbit-specific RING-type E3 ligase, and the mutation resulted in its enhanced self-ubiquitination and degradation, but accumulation of ACS2 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2), a rate-limiting enzyme for ethylene biosynthesis. The overproduction of ethylene contributes to the short-fruit phenotype of sf1 Dysfunction of ACS2 resulted in reduced ethylene production, but still repressed cell division and shorter fruit, suggesting that ethylene is still required for basal fruit elongation. SF1 ubiquitinates and degrades both itself and ACS2 to control ethylene synthesis for dose-dependent effect on cell division and fruit elongation. Our findings reveal the mechanism by which ethylene dosage is regulated for the control of cell division in developing fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- China Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- China Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Xueyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Lab of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhu YX, Jia JH, Yang L, Xia YC, Zhang HL, Jia JB, Zhou R, Nie PY, Yin JL, Ma DF, Liu LC. Identification of cucumber circular RNAs responsive to salt stress. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:164. [PMID: 31029105 PMCID: PMC6486992 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are 3'-5' head-to-tail covalently closed non-coding RNA that have been proved to play essential roles in many cellular and developmental processes. However, no information relate to cucumber circRNAs is available currently, especially under salt stress condition. RESULTS In this study, we sequenced circRNAs in cucumber and a total of 2787 were identified, with 1934 in root and 44 in leaf being differentially regulated under salt stress. Characteristics analysis of these circRNAs revealed following features: most of them are exon circRNAs (79.51%) and they prefer to arise from middle exon(s) of parent genes (2035/2516); moreover, most of circularization events (88.3%) use non-canonical-GT/AG splicing signals; last but not least, pairing-driven circularization is not the major way to generate cucumber circRNAs since very few circRNAs (18) contain sufficient flanking complementary sequences. Annotation and enrichment analysis of both parental genes and target mRNAs were launched to uncover the functions of differentially expressed circRNAs induced by salt stress. The results showed that circRNAs may be paly roles in salt stress response by mediating transcription, signal transcription, cell cycle, metabolism adaptation, and ion homeostasis related pathways. Moreover, circRNAs may function to regulate proline metabolisms through regulating associated biosynthesis and degradation genes. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified large number of cucumber circRNAs and function annotation revealed their possible biological roles in response to salt stress. Our findings will lay a solid foundation for further structure and function studies of cucumber circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Jian-Hua Jia
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Lei Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yu-Chen Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Hui-Li Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Jin-Bu Jia
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Ran Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Pei-Yao Nie
- Biomarker Technologies, Beijing, 101300 China
| | - Jun-Liang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Dong-Fang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Le-Cheng Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
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48
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Ely KS, Burnett AC, Lieberman-Cribbin W, Serbin SP, Rogers A. Spectroscopy can predict key leaf traits associated with source-sink balance and carbon-nitrogen status. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:1789-1799. [PMID: 30799496 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Approaches that enable high-throughput, non-destructive measurement of plant traits are essential for programs seeking to improve crop yields through physiological breeding. However, many key traits still require measurement using slow, labor-intensive, and destructive approaches. We investigated the potential to retrieve key traits associated with leaf source-sink balance and carbon-nitrogen status from leaf optical properties. Structural and biochemical traits and leaf reflectance (500-2400 nm) of eight crop species were measured and used to develop predictive 'spectra-trait' models using partial least squares regression. Independent validation data demonstrated that the models achieved very high predictive power for C, N, C:N ratio, leaf mass per area, water content, and protein content (R2>0.85), good predictive capability for starch, sucrose, glucose, and free amino acids (R2=0.58-0.80), and some predictive capability for nitrate (R2=0.51) and fructose (R2=0.44). Our spectra-trait models were developed to cover the trait space associated with food or biofuel crop plants and can therefore be applied in a broad range of phenotyping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Ely
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Angela C Burnett
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Wil Lieberman-Cribbin
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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49
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Wei Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Shu S, Sun J, Guo S. Redox and thylakoid membrane proteomic analysis reveals the Momordica (Momordica charantia L.) rootstock-induced photoprotection of cucumber leaves under short-term heat stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 136:98-108. [PMID: 30660678 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress adversely affects plant physiological and metabolic processes and is considered an important constraint on crop growth and productivity in agriculture worldwide. Grafting techniques are capable of mitigating various stresses. Here, compared with self-grafted cucumbers subjected to 42 °C heat stress for 24 h, we found that Momordica-grafted cucumbers exhibited higher cytomembrane thermostability, less photoinhibition reflected by their chlorophyll fluorescence, and a reduction in oxidative stress. To better understand the mechanism, optimized Blue-Native/SDS-PAGE two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was firstly applied to entire thylakoid membrane of grafted cucumbers, and 25 significantly differential accumulated protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis. The proteomic analysis revealed that high temperatures suppressed the accumulation of 13 proteins in self-grafted cucumbers, while Momordica rootstock stimulated the accumulation of 12 of these proteins. The transcriptional analysis indicated that grafting onto Momordica significantly increased the expression of genes that encode the photosystem II subunit S (PsbS) and minor light-harvesting complexes (CP24, CP26 and CP29.1), which are closely associated with non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) after heat shock. Immunoblotting for PsbS corroborated the Momordica-induced acceleration of heat dissipation. Taken together, Momordica rootstock alleviated heat-induced photoinhibition by maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis, stabilizing the protein library of the thylakoid membrane and modulating NPQ in the scions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China.
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50
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Liu H, Gao Y, Gao C, Liu S, Zhang J, Chen G, Zhang S, Wu F. Study of the physiological mechanism of delaying cucumber senescence by wheat intercropping pattern. J Plant Physiol 2019; 234-235:154-166. [PMID: 30818185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the physiological mechanism of the effect of delaying cucumber senescence on protein levels under the experimental model of monoculture and wheat intercropping. We analyzed cucumber roots for differential protein expression, and protein types were identified by core technology of proteomics. 45 differential proteins were identified as being differentially expressed between monoculture and intercropping of wheat, which were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant and stress response, growth and development regulation, biological information transfer, and nucleic acid biosynthesis. The results showed the rate of photosynthesis of cucumber was increased under wheat intercropping pattern due to three enzymes being up-regulated. The respiration of cucumber was reduced when five enzymes were down-regulated. The antioxidant and resistant capacity of cucumber was enhanced significantly under wheat intercropping pattern because two enzymes were down-regulated while the activity of four other antioxidant enzymes was up-regulated. Intercropping wheat could delay the senescence of cucumber leaves by increasing the expression of IPT gene, reducing the expression of PAO and ETR2 gene, and inhibiting the expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and GS1 gene in later stages. Two proteins related to growth and development in cucumber were up-regulated, and one was down-regulated, while two proteins related to nucleic acid biosynthesis and chaperonin showed obvious down-regulation under wheat intercropping. Therefore, the growth and development was improved and senescence of cucumber could be delayed. Under intercropping pattern, the fresh weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and peroxidase activity of cucumber plants were higher than those of cucumber monoculture groups. Thus, the senescence of cucumber could be delayed under wheat intercropping by regulating its physiological mechanisms, such as by improving photosynthesis, reducing respiratory consumption, slowing the cell apoptosis rate, and enhancing the antioxidant and resistant capacity significantly, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunqi Gao
- School of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Shouwei Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
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