201
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Zai G, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ, Kennedy JL. A review of molecular genetic studies of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 72:50-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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202
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Liu YP, Wilkinson LS, Robbins TW. 'Waiting impulsivity' in isolation-reared and socially-reared rats: effects of amphetamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1587-1601. [PMID: 28314950 PMCID: PMC5420383 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rats reared in social isolation exhibit various cognitive and behavioural abnormalities in adulthood. However, impulsivity following this treatment still remains unclear, especially in response to medications used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, such as amphetamine. METHODS Using an isolation-rearing (IR) manipulation, the present study examined the effects of IR on impulsive action and impulsive choice when also treated with doses of D-amphetamine, by employing the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) and a temporal discounting of reward task (TDRT), respectively. RESULTS IR rats showed similar acquisition of the 5-CSRTT. Amphetamine increased premature responding in both groups; however, IR rats showed less responding overall. For the TDRT, IR rats revealed a greater preference for the large but delayed reward during task acquisition (i.e. were less impulsive) with a higher rate of nose poking during the delay, and exhibited a compressed dose-response function (i.e. reduced dose sensitivity) for amphetamine. DISCUSSION Impulsive action and impulsive choice were reduced in IR rats under certain conditions, and a blunted response to D-amphetamine was found on these measures. These reductions in impulsivity contrast with locomotor hyperactivity normally shown in IR rats and the findings have implications for the utility of IR as a model of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yia-Ping Liu
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan. .,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.
| | - Lawrence S. Wilkinson
- Behavioural Genetics Group, Schools of Psychology & Medicine, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT UK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK ,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
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203
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Robbins TW. Neurobehavioural sequelae of social deprivation in rodents revisited: Modelling social adversity for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:1082-1089. [PMID: 27678088 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116664450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The significance of investigating effects of deprivation of social experience in rodents is reviewed in the context of the review by Robbins et al. (1996) in the Journal of Psychopharmacology (10: 39-47). The early development of the paradigm by which rats were reared post-weaning in social isolation is described and compared with other early experience manipulations. The specification of the neural and behavioural phenotype of the isolate is brought up-to-date, focusing on changes in motivation and cognitive function, as well as on contrasting changes in the dopamine and serotonin systems, and in cortical (including hippocampal) structure and function. The relevance of the isolate for animal models of psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia is reviewed, and it is considered that the paradigm best exemplifies a manipulation that can be applied to test effects of certain forms of social adversity during adolescence on brain development and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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204
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Burt KB, Whelan R, Conrod PJ, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Fauth-Bühler M, Flor H, Galinowski A, Gallinat J, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Mann K, Nees F, Papadopoulos-Orfanos D, Paus T, Pausova Z, Poustka L, Rietschel M, Robbins TW, Smolka MN, Ströhle A, Schumann G, Garavan H. Structural brain correlates of adolescent resilience. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:1287-1296. [PMID: 27079174 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite calls for integration of neurobiological methods into research on youth resilience (high competence despite high adversity), we know little about structural brain correlates of resilient functioning. The aim of the current study was to test for brain regions uniquely associated with positive functioning in the context of adversity, using detailed phenotypic classification. METHODS 1,870 European adolescents (Mage = 14.56 years, SDage = 0.44 years, 51.5% female) underwent MRI scanning and completed behavioral and psychological measures of stressful life events, academic competence, social competence, rule-abiding conduct, personality, and alcohol use. RESULTS The interaction of competence and adversity identified two regions centered on the right middle and superior frontal gyri; grey matter volumes in these regions were larger in adolescents experiencing adversity who showed positive adaptation. Differences in these regions among competence/adversity subgroups were maintained after controlling for several covariates and were robust to alternative operationalization decisions for key constructs. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate structural brain correlates of adolescent resilience, and suggest that right prefrontal structures are implicated in adaptive functioning for youth who have experienced adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B Burt
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Robert Whelan
- Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Arun L W Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience and Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Mira Fauth-Bühler
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - André Galinowski
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 'Imaging & Psychiatry', University Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Juergen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Penny Gowland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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205
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Abstract
A decade ago, we hypothesized that drug addiction can be viewed as a transition from voluntary, recreational drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits, neurally underpinned by a transition from prefrontal cortical to striatal control over drug seeking and taking as well as a progression from the ventral to the dorsal striatum. Here, in the light of burgeoning, supportive evidence, we reconsider and elaborate this hypothesis, in particular the refinements in our understanding of ventral and dorsal striatal mechanisms underlying goal-directed and habitual drug seeking, the influence of drug-associated Pavlovian-conditioned stimuli on drug seeking and relapse, and evidence for impairments in top-down prefrontal cortical inhibitory control over this behavior. We further review animal and human studies that have begun to define etiological factors and individual differences in the propensity to become addicted to drugs, leading to the description of addiction endophenotypes, especially for cocaine addiction. We consider the prospect of novel treatments for addiction that promote abstinence from and relapse to drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Everitt
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom; ,
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206
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Gollier-Briant F, Paillère-Martinot ML, Lemaitre H, Miranda R, Vulser H, Goodman R, Penttilä J, Struve M, Fadai T, Kappel V, Poustka L, Grimmer Y, Bromberg U, Conrod P, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Flor H, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Heinz A, Lawrence C, Mann K, Nees F, Paus T, Pausova Z, Frouin V, Rietschel M, Robbins TW, Smolka MN, Schumann G, Martinot JL, Artiges E. Neural correlates of three types of negative life events during angry face processing in adolescents. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:1961-1969. [PMID: 27697987 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative life events (NLE) contribute to anxiety and depression disorders, but their relationship with brain functioning in adolescence has rarely been studied. We hypothesized that neural response to social threat would relate to NLE in the frontal-limbic emotional regions. Participants (N = 685) were drawn from the Imagen database of 14-year-old community adolescents recruited in schools. They underwent functional MRI while viewing angry and neutral faces, as a probe to neural response to social threat. Lifetime NLEs were assessed using the 'distress', 'family' and 'accident' subscales from a life event dimensional questionnaire. Relationships between NLE subscale scores and neural response were investigated. Links of NLE subscales scores with anxiety or depression outcomes at the age of 16 years were also investigated. Lifetime 'distress' positively correlated with ventral-lateral orbitofrontal and temporal cortex activations during angry face processing. 'Distress' scores correlated with the probabilities of meeting criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder or Major Depressive Disorder at the age of 16 years. Lifetime 'family' and 'accident' scores did not relate with neural response or follow-up conditions, however. Thus, different types of NLEs differentially predicted neural responses to threat during adolescence, and differentially predicted a de novo internalizing condition 2 years later. The deleterious effect of self-referential NLEs is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Gollier-Briant
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay, and Maison De Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère-Martinot
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay, and Maison De Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison De Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Lemaitre
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay, and Maison De Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ruben Miranda
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay, and Maison De Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Vulser
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay, and Maison De Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Robert Goodman
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jani Penttilä
- University of Tampere, Medical School, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maren Struve
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tahmine Fadai
- Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viola Kappel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yvonne Grimmer
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Uli Bromberg
- Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Conrod
- CHU Ste Justine, Department of Psychiatry, Université De Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Büchel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juergen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus CharitéMitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus CharitéMitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claire Lawrence
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Zdenka Pausova
- Department of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives, Saclay, France
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universit㲠Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay, and Maison De Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France .,CENIR Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche at Institute of Brain and Spine, Pitié - Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit NeuroImaging and Psychiatry, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, University Paris-Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay, and Maison De Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Psychiatry Department, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France
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207
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Nilsson SR, Fejgin K, Gastambide F, Vogt MA, Kent BA, Nielsen V, Nielsen J, Gass P, Robbins TW, Saksida LM, Stensbøl TB, Tricklebank MD, Didriksen M, Bussey TJ. Assessing the Cognitive Translational Potential of a Mouse Model of the 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:3991-4003. [PMID: 27507786 PMCID: PMC5028007 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A chromosomal microdeletion at the 22q11.2 locus is associated with extensive cognitive impairments, schizophrenia and other psychopathology in humans. Previous reports indicate that mouse models of the 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) may model the genetic basis of cognitive deficits relevant for neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. To assess the models usefulness for drug discovery, a novel mouse (Df(h22q11)/+) was assessed in an extensive battery of cognitive assays by partners within the NEWMEDS collaboration (Innovative Medicines Initiative Grant Agreement No. 115008). This battery included classic and touchscreen-based paradigms with recognized sensitivity and multiple attempts at reproducing previously published findings in 22q11.2DS mouse models. This work represents one of the most comprehensive reports of cognitive functioning in a transgenic animal model. In accordance with previous reports, there were non-significant trends or marginal impairment in some tasks. However, the Df(h22q11)/+ mouse did not show comprehensive deficits; no robust impairment was observed following more than 17 experiments and 14 behavioral paradigms. Thus - within the current protocols - the 22q11.2DS mouse model fails to mimic the cognitive alterations observed in human 22q11.2 deletion carriers. We suggest that the 22q11.2DS model may induce liability for cognitive dysfunction with additional "hits" being required for phenotypic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ro Nilsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Kim Fejgin
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark
| | - Francois Gastambide
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham GU20 6PH, UK
| | - Miriam A Vogt
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim Faculty, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brianne A Kent
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Vibeke Nielsen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark
| | - Peter Gass
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim Faculty, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Tine B Stensbøl
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark
| | - Mark D Tricklebank
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham GU20 6PH, UK
| | - Michael Didriksen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby 2500, Denmark
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
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208
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Rae CL, Nombela C, Rodríguez PV, Ye Z, Hughes LE, Jones PS, Ham T, Rittman T, Coyle-Gilchrist I, Regenthal R, Sahakian BJ, Barker RA, Robbins TW, Rowe JB. Atomoxetine restores the response inhibition network in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2016; 139:2235-48. [PMID: 27343257 PMCID: PMC4958901 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease impairs the inhibition of responses, and whilst impulsivity is mild for some patients, severe impulse control disorders affect ∼10% of cases. Based on preclinical models we proposed that noradrenergic denervation contributes to the impairment of response inhibition, via changes in the prefrontal cortex and its subcortical connections. Previous work in Parkinson's disease found that the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine could improve response inhibition, gambling decisions and reflection impulsivity. Here we tested the hypotheses that atomoxetine can restore functional brain networks for response inhibition in Parkinson's disease, and that both structural and functional connectivity determine the behavioural effect. In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study, 19 patients with mild-to-moderate idiopathic Parkinson's disease underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a stop-signal task, while on their usual dopaminergic therapy. Patients received 40 mg atomoxetine or placebo, orally. This regimen anticipates that noradrenergic therapies for behavioural symptoms would be adjunctive to, not a replacement for, dopaminergic therapy. Twenty matched control participants provided normative data. Arterial spin labelling identified no significant changes in regional perfusion. We assessed functional interactions between key frontal and subcortical brain areas for response inhibition, by comparing 20 dynamic causal models of the response inhibition network, inverted to the functional magnetic resonance imaging data and compared using random effects model selection. We found that the normal interaction between pre-supplementary motor cortex and the inferior frontal gyrus was absent in Parkinson's disease patients on placebo (despite dopaminergic therapy), but this connection was restored by atomoxetine. The behavioural change in response inhibition (improvement indicated by reduced stop-signal reaction time) following atomoxetine correlated with structural connectivity as measured by the fractional anisotropy in the white matter underlying the inferior frontal gyrus. Using multiple regression models, we examined the factors that influenced the individual differences in the response to atomoxetine: the reduction in stop-signal reaction time correlated with structural connectivity and baseline performance, while disease severity and drug plasma level predicted the change in fronto-striatal effective connectivity following atomoxetine. These results suggest that (i) atomoxetine increases sensitivity of the inferior frontal gyrus to afferent inputs from the pre-supplementary motor cortex; (ii) atomoxetine can enhance downstream modulation of frontal-subcortical connections for response inhibition; and (iii) the behavioural consequences of treatment are dependent on fronto-striatal structural connections. The individual differences in behavioural responses to atomoxetine highlight the need for patient stratification in future clinical trials of noradrenergic therapies for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Rae
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK 2 Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Cristina Nombela
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | | | - Zheng Ye
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Laura E Hughes
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK 2 Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - P Simon Jones
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Timothy Ham
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Timothy Rittman
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Ian Coyle-Gilchrist
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- 3 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- 4 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK 5 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- 4 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK 6 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK 2 Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK 4 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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209
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Borchert RJ, Rittman T, Passamonti L, Ye Z, Sami S, Jones SP, Nombela C, Vázquez Rodríguez P, Vatansever D, Rae CL, Hughes LE, Robbins TW, Rowe JB. Atomoxetine Enhances Connectivity of Prefrontal Networks in Parkinson's Disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2171-7. [PMID: 26837463 PMCID: PMC4856878 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but often not improved by dopaminergic treatment. New treatment strategies targeting other neurotransmitter deficits are therefore of growing interest. Imaging the brain at rest ('task-free') provides the opportunity to examine the impact of a candidate drug on many of the brain networks that underpin cognition, while minimizing task-related performance confounds. We test this approach using atomoxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that modulates the prefrontal cortical activity and can facilitate some executive functions and response inhibition. Thirty-three patients with idiopathic PD underwent task-free fMRI. Patients were scanned twice in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, following either placebo or 40-mg oral atomoxetine. Seventy-six controls were scanned once without medication to provide normative data. Seed-based correlation analyses were used to measure changes in functional connectivity, with the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) a critical region for executive function. Patients on placebo had reduced connectivity relative to controls from right IFG to dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and to left IFG and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Atomoxetine increased connectivity from the right IFG to the dorsal anterior cingulate. In addition, the atomoxetine-induced change in connectivity from right IFG to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was proportional to the change in verbal fluency, a simple index of executive function. The results support the hypothesis that atomoxetine may restore prefrontal networks related to executive functions. We suggest that task-free imaging can support translational pharmacological studies of new drug therapies and provide evidence for engagement of the relevant neurocognitive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Borchert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Rittman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,National Research Council, Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Zheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Saber Sami
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon P Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cristina Nombela
- Systems and Automatic Control Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | | | | | - Charlotte L Rae
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK,Department of Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Laura E Hughes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- University of Cambridge Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,University of Cambridge Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, UK,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB3 0SZ, UK, Tel: +44 1223 760695, Fax: +44 1223 336581, E-mail:
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210
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Jackson SAW, Horst NK, Pears A, Robbins TW, Roberts AC. Role of the Perigenual Anterior Cingulate and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Contingency Learning in the Marmoset. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:3273-84. [PMID: 27130662 PMCID: PMC4898677 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two learning mechanisms contribute to decision-making: goal-directed actions and the "habit" system, by which action-outcome and stimulus-response associations are formed, respectively. Rodent lesion studies and human neuroimaging have implicated both the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the neural basis of contingency learning, a critical component of goal-directed actions, though some published findings are conflicting. We sought to reconcile the existing literature by comparing the effects of excitotoxic lesions of the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), a region of the mPFC, and OFC on contingency learning in the marmoset monkey using a touchscreen-based paradigm, in which the contingent relationship between one of a pair of actions and its outcome was degraded selectively. Both the pgACC and OFC lesion groups were insensitive to the contingency degradation, whereas the control group demonstrated selectively higher performance of the nondegraded action when compared with the degraded action. These findings suggest the pgACC and OFC are both necessary for normal contingency learning and therefore goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A. W. Jackson
- Department of Psychology
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Nicole K. Horst
- Department of Psychology
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Andrew Pears
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Department of Psychology
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Angela C. Roberts
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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211
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Borchert RJ, Rittman T, Passamonti L, Ye Z, Sami S, Jones SP, Nombela C, Rodríguez PV, Vatansever D, Rae CL, Hughes LE, Robbins TW, Rowe JB. Atomoxetine Enhances Connectivity of Prefrontal Networks in Parkinson's Disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2188. [PMID: 27282105 PMCID: PMC4908653 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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212
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Ersche KD, Gillan CM, Jones PS, Williams GB, Ward LHE, Luijten M, de Wit S, Sahakian BJ, Bullmore ET, Robbins TW. Carrots and sticks fail to change behavior in cocaine addiction. Science 2016; 352:1468-71. [PMID: 27313048 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf3700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a major public health problem that is particularly difficult to treat. Without medically proven pharmacological treatments, interventions to change the maladaptive behavior of addicted individuals mainly rely on psychosocial approaches. Here we report on impairments in cocaine-addicted patients to act purposefully toward a given goal and on the influence of extended training on their behavior. When patients were rewarded for their behavior, prolonged training improved their response rate toward the goal but simultaneously rendered them insensitive to the consequences of their actions. By contrast, overtraining of avoidance behavior had no effect on patient performance. Our findings illustrate the ineffectiveness of punitive approaches and highlight the potential for interventions that focus on improving goal-directed behavior and implementing more desirable habits to replace habitual drug-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Ersche
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Claire M Gillan
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - P Simon Jones
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guy B Williams
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laetitia H E Ward
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sanne de Wit
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK. Immunopsychiatry Discovery Performance Unit, Alternative Discovery and Development Division, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Clinical Neurosciences and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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213
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Figee M, Pattij T, Willuhn I, Luigjes J, van den Brink W, Goudriaan A, Potenza MN, Robbins TW, Denys D. Compulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder and addictions. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:856-68. [PMID: 26774279 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Compulsive behaviors are driven by repetitive urges and typically involve the experience of limited voluntary control over these urges, a diminished ability to delay or inhibit these behaviors, and a tendency to perform repetitive acts in a habitual or stereotyped manner. Compulsivity is not only a central characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) but is also crucial to addiction. Based on this analogy, OCD has been proposed to be part of the concept of behavioral addiction along with other non-drug-related disorders that share compulsivity, such as pathological gambling, skin-picking, trichotillomania and compulsive eating. In this review, we investigate the neurobiological overlap between compulsivity in substance-use disorders, OCD and behavioral addictions as a validation for the construct of compulsivity that could be adopted in the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). The reviewed data suggest that compulsivity in OCD and addictions is related to impaired reward and punishment processing with attenuated dopamine release in the ventral striatum, negative reinforcement in limbic systems, cognitive and behavioral inflexibility with diminished serotonergic prefrontal control, and habitual responding with imbalances between ventral and dorsal frontostriatal recruitment. Frontostriatal abnormalities of compulsivity are promising targets for neuromodulation and other interventions for OCD and addictions. We conclude that compulsivity encompasses many of the RDoC constructs in a trans-diagnostic fashion with a common brain circuit dysfunction that can help identifying appropriate prevention and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Figee
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommy Pattij
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Willuhn
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judy Luigjes
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Goudriaan
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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214
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Abstract
Compulsivity has been recently characterized as a manifestation of an imbalance between the brain׳s goal-directed and habit-learning systems. Habits are perhaps the most fundamental building block of animal learning, and it is therefore unsurprising that there are multiple ways in which the development and execution of habits can be promoted/discouraged. Delineating these neurocognitive routes may be critical to understanding if and how habits contribute to the many faces of compulsivity observed across a range of psychiatric disorders. In this review, we distinguish the contribution of excessive stimulus-response habit learning from that of deficient goal-directed control over action and response inhibition, and discuss the role of stress and anxiety as likely contributors to the transition from goal-directed action to habit. To this end, behavioural, pharmacological, neurobiological and clinical evidence are synthesised and a hypothesis is formulated to capture how habits fit into a model of compulsivity as a trans-diagnostic psychiatric trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Gillan
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The OCD Team, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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215
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Peña-Oliver Y, Carvalho FM, Sanchez-Roige S, Quinlan EB, Jia T, Walker-Tilley T, Rulten SL, Pearl FMG, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Conrod PJ, Flor H, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Heinz A, Gowland P, Paillere Martinot ML, Paus T, Rietschel M, Robbins TW, Smolka MN, Schumann G, Stephens DN. Mouse and Human Genetic Analyses Associate Kalirin with Ventral Striatal Activation during Impulsivity and with Alcohol Misuse. Front Genet 2016; 7:52. [PMID: 27092175 PMCID: PMC4823271 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is associated with a spectrum of psychiatric disorders including drug addiction. To investigate genetic associations with impulsivity and initiation of drug taking, we took a two-step approach. First, we identified genes whose expression level in prefrontal cortex, striatum and accumbens were associated with impulsive behavior in the 5-choice serial reaction time task across 10 BXD recombinant inbred (BXD RI) mouse strains and their progenitor C57BL/6J and DBA2/J strains. Behavioral data were correlated with regional gene expression using GeneNetwork (www.genenetwork.org), to identify 44 genes whose probability of association with impulsivity exceeded a false discovery rate of < 0.05. We then interrogated the IMAGEN database of 1423 adolescents for potential associations of SNPs in human homologs of those genes identified in the mouse study, with brain activation during impulsive performance in the Monetary Incentive Delay task, and with novelty seeking scores from the Temperament and Character Inventory, as well as alcohol experience. There was a significant overall association between the human homologs of impulsivity-related genes and percentage of premature responses in the MID task and with fMRI BOLD-response in ventral striatum (VS) during reward anticipation. In contrast, no significant association was found between the polygenic scores and anterior cingulate cortex activation. Univariate association analyses revealed that the G allele (major) of the intronic SNP rs6438839 in the KALRN gene was significantly associated with increased VS activation. Additionally, the A-allele (minor) of KALRN intronic SNP rs4634050, belonging to the same haplotype block, was associated with increased frequency of binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Peña-Oliver
- School of Psychology, University of SussexBrighton, UK; Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Fabiana M Carvalho
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | | | - Erin B Quinlan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | - Tom Walker-Tilley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | - Stuart L Rulten
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex Brighton, UK
| | | | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings College London, UK
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Patricia J Conrod
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Hugh Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of VermontBurlington, VT, USA
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Penny Gowland
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
| | - Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, IFR49, CEA, DSV, I2BM-Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Orsay, France
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
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216
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Belin-Rauscent A, Daniel ML, Puaud M, Jupp B, Sawiak S, Howett D, McKenzie C, Caprioli D, Besson M, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ, Dalley JW, Belin D. From impulses to maladaptive actions: the insula is a neurobiological gate for the development of compulsive behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:491-9. [PMID: 26370145 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is an endophenotype of vulnerability for compulsive behaviors. However, the neural mechanisms whereby impulsivity facilitates the development of compulsive disorders, such as addiction or obsessive compulsive disorder, remain unknown. We first investigated, in rats, anatomical and functional correlates of impulsivity in the anterior insular (AI) cortex by measuring both the thickness of, and cellular plasticity markers in, the AI with magnetic resonance imaging and in situ hybridization of the immediate early gene zif268, respectively. We then investigated the influence of bilateral AI cortex lesions on the high impulsivity trait, as measured in the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), and the associated propensity to develop compulsivity as measured by high drinking levels in a schedule-induced polydipsia procedure (SIP). We demonstrate that the AI cortex causally contributes to individual vulnerability to impulsive-compulsive behavior in rats. Motor impulsivity, as measured by premature responses in the 5-CSRTT, was shown to correlate with the thinness of the anterior region of the insular cortex, in which highly impulsive (HI) rats expressed lower zif268 mRNA levels. Lesions of AI reduced impulsive behavior in HI rats, which were also highly susceptible to develop compulsive behavior as measured in a SIP procedure. AI lesions also attenuated both the development and the expression of SIP. This study thus identifies the AI as a novel neural substrate of maladaptive impulse control mechanisms that may facilitate the development of compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belin-Rauscent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M-L Daniel
- Inserm CIC-1402, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - M Puaud
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B Jupp
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Sawiak
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Howett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C McKenzie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Caprioli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Besson
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - T W Robbins
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B J Everitt
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J W Dalley
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Belin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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217
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Trofimova I, Robbins TW. Temperament and arousal systems: A new synthesis of differential psychology and functional neurochemistry. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:382-402. [PMID: 26969100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper critically reviews the unidimensional construct of General Arousal as utilised by models of temperament in differential psychology for example, to underlie 'Extraversion'. Evidence suggests that specialization within monoamine neurotransmitter systems contrasts with the attribution of a "general arousal" of the Ascending Reticular Activating System. Experimental findings show specialized roles of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin systems in hypothetically mediating three complementary forms of arousal that are similar to three functional blocks described in classical models of behaviour within kinesiology, clinical neuropsychology, psychophysiology and temperament research. In spite of functional diversity of monoamine receptors, we suggest that their functionality can be classified using three universal aspects of actions related to expansion, to selection-integration and to maintenance of chosen behavioural alternatives. Monoamine systems also differentially regulate analytic vs. routine aspects of activities at cortical and striatal neural levels. A convergence between main temperament models in terms of traits related to described functional aspects of behavioural arousal also supports the idea of differentiation between these aspects analysed here in a functional perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Trofimova
- CILab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, 92 Bowman St., Hamilton L8S2T6, Canada.
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Downing St., Cambridge CB23EB, UK.
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218
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Bland AR, Roiser JP, Mehta MA, Schei T, Boland H, Campbell-Meiklejohn DK, Emsley RA, Munafo MR, Penton-Voak IS, Seara-Cardoso A, Viding E, Voon V, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Elliott R. EMOTICOM: A Neuropsychological Test Battery to Evaluate Emotion, Motivation, Impulsivity, and Social Cognition. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:25. [PMID: 26941628 PMCID: PMC4764711 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mental health practice, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are aimed at improving neuropsychological symptoms, including cognitive and emotional impairments. However, at present there is no established neuropsychological test battery that comprehensively covers multiple affective domains relevant in a range of disorders. Our objective was to generate a standardized test battery, comprised of existing, adapted and novel tasks, to assess four core domains of affective cognition (emotion processing, motivation, impulsivity and social cognition) in order to facilitate and enhance treatment development and evaluation in a broad range of neuropsychiatric disorders. The battery was administered to 200 participants aged 18-50 years (50% female), 42 of whom were retested in order to assess reliability. An exploratory factor analysis identified 11 factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, which accounted for over 70% of the variance. Tasks showed moderate to excellent test-retest reliability and were not strongly correlated with demographic factors such as age or IQ. The EMOTICOM test battery is therefore a promising tool for the assessment of affective cognitive function in a range of contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Bland
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London London, UK
| | - Thea Schei
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather Boland
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | | | - Richard A Emsley
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafo
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Ian S Penton-Voak
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Ana Seara-Cardoso
- Psychology and Language Sciences, University College LondonLondon, UK; School of Psychology, University of MinhoGuimaraes, Portugal
| | - Essi Viding
- Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London London, UK
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
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219
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Jupp B, Murray JE, Jordan ER, Xia J, Fluharty M, Shrestha S, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Social dominance in rats: effects on cocaine self-administration, novelty reactivity and dopamine receptor binding and content in the striatum. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:579-89. [PMID: 26554388 PMCID: PMC4726718 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Studies in human and non-human primates demonstrate that social status is an important determinant of cocaine reinforcement. However, it is unclear whether social rank is associated with other traits that also predispose to addiction and whether social status similarly predicts cocaine self-administration in rats. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate whether social ranking assessed using a resource competition task affects (i) the acquisition, maintenance and reinstatement of cocaine self-administration; (ii) the dopaminergic markers in the striatum; and (iii) the expression of ancillary traits for addiction. METHODS Social ranking was determined in group-housed rats based upon drinking times during competition for a highly palatable liquid. Rats were then evaluated for cocaine self-administration and cue-induced drug reinstatement or individual levels of impulsivity, anxiety and novelty-induced locomotor activity. Finally, dopamine content, dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine D2/D3 (D2/3) receptor binding were measured postmortem in the dorsal and ventral striatum. RESULTS Rats deemed socially dominant showed enhanced novelty reactivity but were neither more impulsive nor anxious compared with subordinate rats. Dominant rats additionally maintained higher rates of cocaine self-administration but showed no differences in the acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of this behaviour. D2/3 binding was elevated in the nucleus accumbens shell and dorsal striatum of dominant rats when compared to subordinate rats, and was accompanied by elevated DAT and reduced dopamine content in the nucleus accumbens shell. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that social hierarchy influences the rate of self-administered cocaine but not anxiety or impulsivity in rats. Similar to non-human primates, these effects may be mediated by striatal dopaminergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Jupp
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jennifer E Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Emily R Jordan
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Meg Fluharty
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Saurav Shrestha
- Molecular Imagine Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
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221
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Ye Z, Rae CL, Nombela C, Ham T, Rittman T, Jones PS, Rodríguez PV, Coyle-Gilchrist I, Regenthal R, Altena E, Housden CR, Maxwell H, Sahakian BJ, Barker RA, Robbins TW, Rowe JB. Predicting beneficial effects of atomoxetine and citalopram on response inhibition in Parkinson's disease with clinical and neuroimaging measures. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1026-37. [PMID: 26757216 PMCID: PMC4819701 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that selective noradrenergic (atomoxetine) and serotonergic (citalopram) reuptake inhibitors may improve response inhibition in selected patients with Parkinson's disease, restoring behavioral performance and brain activity. We reassessed the behavioral efficacy of these drugs in a larger cohort and developed predictive models to identify patient responders. We used a double‐blind randomized three‐way crossover design to investigate stopping efficiency in 34 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease after 40 mg atomoxetine, 30 mg citalopram, or placebo. Diffusion‐weighted and functional imaging measured microstructural properties and regional brain activations, respectively. We confirmed that Parkinson's disease impairs response inhibition. Overall, drug effects on response inhibition varied substantially across patients at both behavioral and brain activity levels. We therefore built binary classifiers with leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) to predict patients’ responses in terms of improved stopping efficiency. We identified two optimal models: (1) a “clinical” model that predicted the response of an individual patient with 77–79% accuracy for atomoxetine and citalopram, using clinically available information including age, cognitive status, and levodopa equivalent dose, and a simple diffusion‐weighted imaging scan; and (2) a “mechanistic” model that explained the behavioral response with 85% accuracy for each drug, using drug‐induced changes of brain activations in the striatum and presupplementary motor area from functional imaging. These data support growing evidence for the role of noradrenaline and serotonin in inhibitory control. Although noradrenergic and serotonergic drugs have highly variable effects in patients with Parkinson's disease, the individual patient's response to each drug can be predicted using a pattern of clinical and neuroimaging features. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1026–1037, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ye
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Charlotte L Rae
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Nombela
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Ham
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Rittman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Simon Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Coyle-Gilchrist
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ellemarije Altena
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte R Housden
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Maxwell
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Kim CH, Hvoslef-Eide M, Nilsson SRO, Johnson MR, Herbert BR, Robbins TW, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ, Mar AC. Erratum to: The continuous performance test (rCPT) for mice: a novel operant touchscreen test of attentional function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3471. [PMID: 27506996 PMCID: PMC6828151 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hun Kim
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Martha Hvoslef-Eide
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Simon R O Nilsson
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Academic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, SW10 9NH, London, UK
| | - Bronwen R Herbert
- Academic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, SW10 9NH, London, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Adam C Mar
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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Nilsson SRO, Celada P, Fejgin K, Thelin J, Nielsen J, Santana N, Heath CJ, Larsen PH, Nielsen V, Kent BA, Saksida LM, Stensbøl TB, Robbins TW, Bastlund JF, Bussey TJ, Artigas F, Didriksen M. A mouse model of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome shows prefrontal neurophysiological dysfunctions and attentional impairment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2151-2163. [PMID: 26983414 PMCID: PMC4869740 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A microdeletion at locus 15q13.3 is associated with high incidence rates of psychopathology, including schizophrenia. A mouse model of the 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome has been generated (Df[h15q13]/+) with translational utility for modelling schizophrenia-like pathology. Among other deficits, schizophrenia is characterised by dysfunctions in prefrontal cortical (PFC) inhibitory circuitry and attention. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to assess PFC-dependent functioning in the Df(h15q13)/+ mouse using electrophysiological, pharmacological, and behavioural assays. METHOD Experiments 1-2 investigated baseline firing and auditory-evoked responses of PFC interneurons and pyramidal neurons. Experiment 3 measured pyramidal firing in response to intra-PFC GABAA receptor antagonism. Experiments 4-6 assessed PFC-dependent attentional functioning through the touchscreen 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). Experiments 7-12 assessed reversal learning, paired-associate learning, extinction learning, progressive ratio, trial-unique non-match to sample, and object recognition. RESULTS In experiments 1-3, the Df(h15q13)/+ mouse showed reduced baseline firing rate of fast-spiking interneurons and in the ability of the GABAA receptor antagonist gabazine to increase the firing rate of pyramidal neurons. In assays of auditory-evoked responses, PFC interneurons in the Df(h15q13)/+ mouse had reduced detection amplitudes and increased detection latencies, while pyramidal neurons showed increased detection latencies. In experiments 4-6, the Df(h15q13)/+ mouse showed a stimulus duration-dependent decrease in percent accuracy in the 5-CSRTT. The impairment was insensitive to treatment with the partial α7nAChR agonist EVP-6124. The Df(h15q13)/+ mouse showed no cognitive impairments in experiments 7-12. CONCLUSION The Df(h15q13)/+ mouse has multiple dysfunctions converging on disrupted PFC processing as measured by several independent assays of inhibitory transmission and attentional function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R O Nilsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Pau Celada
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Fejgin
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, 2500, Denmark
| | - Jonas Thelin
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, 2500, Denmark
- Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, 2500, Denmark
| | - Noemí Santana
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher J Heath
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Peter H Larsen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, 2500, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Nielsen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, 2500, Denmark
| | - Brianne A Kent
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Tine B Stensbøl
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, 2500, Denmark
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jesper F Bastlund
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, 2500, Denmark
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Didriksen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, 2500, Denmark
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Virdee K, Kentrop J, Jupp B, Venus B, Hensman D, McArthur S, Wilkinson J, Robbins TW, Gillies G, Dalley JW. Counteractive effects of antenatal glucocorticoid treatment on D1 receptor modulation of spatial working memory. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3751-3761. [PMID: 27553822 PMCID: PMC5063912 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Antenatal exposure to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone dramatically increases the number of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in rat offspring. However, the consequences of this expansion in midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons for behavioural processes in adulthood are poorly understood, including working memory that depends on DA transmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). OBJECTIVES We therefore investigated the influence of antenatal glucocorticoid treatment (AGT) on the modulation of spatial working memory by a D1 receptor agonist and on D1 receptor binding and DA content in the PFC and striatum. METHODS Pregnant rats received AGT on gestational days 16-19 by adding dexamethasone to their drinking water. Male offspring reared to adulthood were trained on a delayed alternation spatial working memory task and administered the partial D1 agonist SKF38393 (0.3-3 mg/kg) by systemic injection. In separate groups of control and AGT animals, D1 receptor binding and DA content were measured post-mortem in the PFC and striatum. RESULTS SKF38393 impaired spatial working memory performance in control rats but had no effect in AGT rats. D1 binding was significantly reduced in the anterior cingulate cortex, prelimbic cortex, dorsal striatum and ventral pallidum of AGT rats compared with control animals. However, AGT had no significant effect on brain monoamine levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that D1 receptors in corticostriatal circuitry down-regulate in response to AGT. This compensatory effect in D1 receptors may result from increased DA-ergic tone in AGT rats and underlie the resilience of these animals to the disruptive effects of D1 receptor activation on spatial working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwar Virdee
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK ,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Jiska Kentrop
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK ,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK ,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Bethany Venus
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Daniel Hensman
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Simon McArthur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW UK
| | - James Wilkinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK ,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK ,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Glenda Gillies
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK ,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK ,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ UK
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225
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Barnett JH, Blackwell AD, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW. The Paired Associates Learning (PAL) Test: 30 Years of CANTAB Translational Neuroscience from Laboratory to Bedside in Dementia Research. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2016; 28:449-74. [PMID: 27646012 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2015_5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The origins and rationale of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) as a cross-species translational instrument suitable for use in human neuropsychopharmacological studies are reviewed. We focus on its use for the early assessment and detection of Alzheimer's disease, in particular the Paired Associates Learning (PAL) test. We consider its psychometric properties, neural validation, and utility, including studies on large samples of healthy volunteers, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease. We demonstrate how it can be applied in cross-species studies using experimental animals to bridge the cross-species translational 'gap'. We also show how the CANTAB PAL has bridged a second translational 'gap' through its application to the early detection of memory problems in primary care clinics, using iPad technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Barnett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrew D Blackwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Medical Research Council/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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226
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Abstract
Disruptions to inhibitory control are believed to contribute to multiple aspects of drug abuse, from preexisting vulnerability in at-risk individuals, through escalation to dependence, to promotion of relapse in chronic users. Paradigms investigating the suppression of actions have been investigated in animal and human research on drug addiction. Rodent research has focused largely on impulsive behaviors, often gauged by premature responding, as a viable model highlighting the relevant role of dopamine and other neurotransmitters primarily in the striatum. Human research on action inhibition in stimulant dependence has highlighted impaired performance and largely prefrontal cortical abnormalities as part of a broader pattern of cognitive abnormalities. Animal and human research implicate inhibitory difficulties mediated by fronto-striatal circuitry both preceding and as a result of excessive stimulus use. In this regard, response-inhibition has proven a useful cognitive function to gauge the integrity of fronto-striatal systems and their role in contributing to impulsive and compulsive features of drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Morein-Zamir
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK.
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
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227
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Giuliano C, Goodlett CR, Economidou D, García-Pardo MP, Belin D, Robbins TW, Bullmore ET, Everitt BJ. The Novel μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonist GSK1521498 Decreases Both Alcohol Seeking and Drinking: Evidence from a New Preclinical Model of Alcohol Seeking. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2981-92. [PMID: 26044906 PMCID: PMC4864633 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Distinct environmental and conditioned stimuli influencing ethanol-associated appetitive and consummatory behaviors may jointly contribute to alcohol addiction. To develop an effective translational animal model that illuminates this interaction, daily seeking responses, maintained by alcohol-associated conditioned stimuli (CSs), need to be dissociated from alcohol drinking behavior. For this, we established a procedure whereby alcohol seeking maintained by alcohol-associated CSs is followed by a period during which rats have the opportunity to drink alcohol. This cue-controlled alcohol-seeking procedure was used to compare the effects of naltrexone and GSK1521498, a novel selective μ-opioid receptor antagonist, on both voluntary alcohol-intake and alcohol-seeking behaviors. Rederived alcohol-preferring, alcohol-nonpreferring, and high-alcohol-drinking replicate 1 line of rats (Indiana University) first received 18 sessions of 24 h home cage access to 10% alcohol and water under a 2-bottle choice procedure. They were trained subsequently to respond instrumentally for access to 15% alcohol under a second-order schedule of reinforcement, in which a prolonged period of alcohol-seeking behavior was maintained by contingent presentations of an alcohol-associated CS acting as a conditioned reinforcer. This seeking period was terminated by 20 min of free alcohol drinking access that achieved significant blood alcohol concentrations. The influence of pretreatment with either naltrexone (0.1-1-3 mg/kg) or GSK1521498 (0.1-1-3 mg/kg) before instrumental sessions was measured on both seeking and drinking behaviors, as well as on drinking in the 2-bottle choice procedure. Naltrexone and GSK1521498 dose-dependently reduced both cue-controlled alcohol seeking and alcohol intake in the instrumental context as well as alcohol intake in the choice procedure. However, GSK1521498 showed significantly greater effectiveness than naltrexone, supporting its potential use for promoting abstinence and preventing relapse in alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giuliano
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK, Tel: +44 (0)1223 65292, Fax: +44 (0)1223 333564, E-mail:
| | - Charles R Goodlett
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daina Economidou
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria P García-Pardo
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Belin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Clinical Unit Cambridge and Academic DPU, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Clinical Unit Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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228
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Morris LS, Kundu P, Dowell N, Mechelmans DJ, Favre P, Irvine MA, Robbins TW, Daw N, Bullmore ET, Harrison NA, Voon V. Fronto-striatal organization: Defining functional and microstructural substrates of behavioural flexibility. Cortex 2015; 74:118-33. [PMID: 26673945 PMCID: PMC4729321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Discrete yet overlapping frontal-striatal circuits mediate broadly dissociable cognitive and behavioural processes. Using a recently developed multi-echo resting-state functional MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) sequence with greatly enhanced signal compared to noise ratios, we map frontal cortical functional projections to the striatum and striatal projections through the direct and indirect basal ganglia circuit. We demonstrate distinct limbic (ventromedial prefrontal regions, ventral striatum – VS, ventral tegmental area – VTA), motor (supplementary motor areas – SMAs, putamen, substantia nigra) and cognitive (lateral prefrontal and caudate) functional connectivity. We confirm the functional nature of the cortico-striatal connections, demonstrating correlates of well-established goal-directed behaviour (involving medial orbitofrontal cortex – mOFC and VS), probabilistic reversal learning (lateral orbitofrontal cortex – lOFC and VS) and attentional shifting (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex – dlPFC and VS) while assessing habitual model-free (SMA and putamen) behaviours on an exploratory basis. We further use neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to show that more goal-directed model-based learning (MBc) is also associated with higher mOFC neurite density and habitual model-free learning (MFc) implicates neurite complexity in the putamen. This data highlights similarities between a computational account of MFc and conventional measures of habit learning. We highlight the intrinsic functional and structural architecture of parallel systems of behavioural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel S Morris
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Prantik Kundu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Dowell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Daisy J Mechelmans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Favre
- Laboratory of Psychology and Neurocognition, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Michael A Irvine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel Daw
- Center for Neural Science and Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Voon
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Alsiö J, Nilsson SRO, Gastambide F, Wang RAH, Dam SA, Mar AC, Tricklebank M, Robbins TW. The role of 5-HT2C receptors in touchscreen visual reversal learning in the rat: a cross-site study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4017-31. [PMID: 26007324 PMCID: PMC4600472 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Reversal learning requires associative learning and executive functioning to suppress non-adaptive responding. Reversal-learning deficits are observed in e.g. schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder and implicate neural circuitry including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Serotonergic function has been strongly linked to visual reversal learning in humans and experimental animals but less is known about which receptor subtypes are involved. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to test the effects of systemic and intra-OFC 5-HT2C-receptor antagonism on visual reversal learning in rats and assess the psychological mechanisms underlying these effects within novel touchscreen paradigms. METHODS In experiments 1-2, we used a novel 3-stimulus task to investigate the effects of 5-HT2C-receptor antagonism through SB 242084 (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg i.p.) cross-site. Experiment 3 assessed the effects of SB 242084 in 2-choice reversal learning. In experiment 4, we validated a novel touchscreen serial visual reversal task suitable for neuropharmacological microinfusions by baclofen-/muscimol-induced OFC inactivation. In experiment 5, we tested the effect of intra-OFC SB 242084 (1.0 or 3.0 μg/side) on performance in this task. RESULTS In experiments 1-3, SB 242084 reduced early errors but increased late errors to criterion. In experiment 5, intra-OFC SB 242084 reduced early errors without increasing late errors in a reversal paradigm validated as OFC dependent (experiment 4). CONCLUSION Intra-OFC 5-HT2C-receptor antagonism decreases perseveration in novel touchscreen reversal-learning paradigms for the rat. Systemic 5-HT2C-receptor antagonism additionally impairs late learning-a robust effect observed cross-site and potentially linked to impulsivity. These conclusions are discussed in terms of neural mechanisms underlying reversal learning and their relevance to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alsiö
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Neurobiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, SE-75124, Sweden.
| | - S R O Nilsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - F Gastambide
- Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, GU20 6PH, UK
| | - R A H Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - S A Dam
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - A C Mar
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - M Tricklebank
- Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, GU20 6PH, UK
| | - T W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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Kim CH, Hvoslef-Eide M, Nilsson SRO, Johnson MR, Herbert BR, Robbins TW, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ, Mar AC. The continuous performance test (rCPT) for mice: a novel operant touchscreen test of attentional function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3947-66. [PMID: 26415954 PMCID: PMC4600477 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Continuous performance tests (CPTs) are widely used to assess attentional processes in a variety of disorders including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Common human CPTs require discrimination of sequentially presented, visually patterned 'target' and 'non-target' stimuli at a single location. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate the performance of three popular mouse strains on a novel rodent touchscreen test (rCPT) designed to be analogous to common human CPT variants and to investigate the effects of donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor and putative cognitive enhancer. METHODS C57BL/6J, DBA/2J and CD1 mice (n = 15-16/strain) were trained to baseline performance using four rCPT training stages. Then, probe tests assessed the effects of parameter changes on task performance: stimulus size, duration, contrast, probability, inter-trial interval or inclusion of flanker distractors. rCPT performance was also evaluated following acute administration of donepezil (0-3 mg/kg, i.p.). RESULTS C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice showed similar acquisition rates and final baseline performance following rCPT training. On probe tests, rCPT performance of both strains was sensitive to alteration of visual and/or attentional demands (stimulus size, duration, contrast, rate, flanker distraction). Relative to C57BL/6J, DBA/2J mice exhibited (1) decreasing sensitivity (d') across the 45-min session, (2) reduced performance on probes where the appearance of stimuli or adjacent areas were changed (size, contrast, flanking distractors) and (3) larger dose- and stimulus duration-dependent changes in performance following donepezil administration. In contrast, CD1 mice failed to acquire rCPT (stage 3) and pairwise visual discrimination tasks. CONCLUSIONS rCPT is a potentially useful translational tool for assessing attention in mice and for detecting the effects of nootropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hun Kim
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Martha Hvoslef-Eide
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Simon R O Nilsson
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Academic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, SW10 9NH, London, UK
| | - Bronwen R Herbert
- Academic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, SW10 9NH, London, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Adam C Mar
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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Hvoslef-Eide M, Mar AC, Nilsson SRO, Alsiö J, Heath CJ, Saksida LM, Robbins TW, Bussey TJ. The NEWMEDS rodent touchscreen test battery for cognition relevant to schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015. [PMID: 26202612 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The NEWMEDS initiative (Novel Methods leading to New Medications in Depression and Schizophrenia, http://www.newmeds-europe.com ) is a large industrial-academic collaborative project aimed at developing new methods for drug discovery for schizophrenia. As part of this project, Work package 2 (WP02) has developed and validated a comprehensive battery of novel touchscreen tasks for rats and mice for assessing cognitive domains relevant to schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES This article provides a review of the touchscreen battery of tasks for rats and mice for assessing cognitive domains relevant to schizophrenia and highlights validation data presented in several primary articles in this issue and elsewhere. METHODS The battery consists of the five-choice serial reaction time task and a novel rodent continuous performance task for measuring attention, a three-stimulus visual reversal and the serial visual reversal task for measuring cognitive flexibility, novel non-matching to sample-based tasks for measuring spatial working memory and paired-associates learning for measuring long-term memory. RESULTS The rodent (i.e. both rats and mice) touchscreen operant chamber and battery has high translational value across species due to its emphasis on construct as well as face validity. In addition, it offers cognitive profiling of models of diseases with cognitive symptoms (not limited to schizophrenia) through a battery approach, whereby multiple cognitive constructs can be measured using the same apparatus, enabling comparisons of performance across tasks. CONCLUSION This battery of tests constitutes an extensive tool package for both model characterisation and pre-clinical drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hvoslef-Eide
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK. .,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
| | - A C Mar
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - S R O Nilsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - J Alsiö
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Neurobiology, University of Uppsala, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C J Heath
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - L M Saksida
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - T W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - T J Bussey
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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Aron AR, Cai W, Badre D, Robbins TW. Evidence Supports Specific Braking Function for Inferior PFC. Trends Cogn Sci 2015; 19:711-712. [PMID: 26482801 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Aron
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Weidong Cai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Badre
- Department Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Morris LS, Kundu P, Baek K, Irvine MA, Mechelmans DJ, Wood J, Harrison NA, Robbins TW, Bullmore ET, Voon V. NEURAL CORRELATES OF WAITING IMPULSIVITY: A DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO ALCOHOL MISUSE. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311750.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Paterson LM, Flechais RSA, Murphy A, Reed LJ, Abbott S, Boyapati V, Elliott R, Erritzoe D, Ersche KD, Faluyi Y, Faravelli L, Fernandez-Egea E, Kalk NJ, Kuchibatla SS, McGonigle J, Metastasio A, Mick I, Nestor L, Orban C, Passetti F, Rabiner EA, Smith DG, Suckling J, Tait R, Taylor EM, Waldman AD, Robbins TW, Deakin JFW, Nutt DJ, Lingford-Hughes AR. The Imperial College Cambridge Manchester (ICCAM) platform study: An experimental medicine platform for evaluating new drugs for relapse prevention in addiction. Part A: Study description. J Psychopharmacol 2015; 29:943-60. [PMID: 26246443 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115596155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug and alcohol dependence are global problems with substantial societal costs. There are few treatments for relapse prevention and therefore a pressing need for further study of brain mechanisms underpinning relapse circuitry. The Imperial College Cambridge Manchester (ICCAM) platform study is an experimental medicine approach to this problem: using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques and selective pharmacological tools, it aims to explore the neuropharmacology of putative relapse pathways in cocaine, alcohol, opiate dependent, and healthy individuals to inform future drug development. Addiction studies typically involve small samples because of recruitment difficulties and attrition. We established the platform in three centres to assess the feasibility of a multisite approach to address these issues. Pharmacological modulation of reward, impulsivity and emotional reactivity were investigated in a monetary incentive delay task, an inhibitory control task, and an evocative images task, using selective antagonists for µ-opioid, dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) and neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors (naltrexone, GSK598809, vofopitant/aprepitant), in a placebo-controlled, randomised, crossover design. In two years, 609 scans were performed, with 155 individuals scanned at baseline. Attrition was low and the majority of individuals were sufficiently motivated to complete all five sessions (n=87). We describe herein the study design, main aims, recruitment numbers, sample characteristics, and explain the test hypotheses and anticipated study outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Paterson
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Remy S A Flechais
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Murphy
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laurence J Reed
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sanja Abbott
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Erritzoe
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karen D Ersche
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yetunde Faluyi
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luca Faravelli
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Emilio Fernandez-Egea
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola J Kalk
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - John McGonigle
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antonio Metastasio
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK 5 Boroughs Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, UK
| | - Inge Mick
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liam Nestor
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK Clinical Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, UK
| | - Csaba Orban
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Filippo Passetti
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Dana G Smith
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Suckling
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger Tait
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor M Taylor
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam D Waldman
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J F William Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Nutt
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Isherwood SN, Pekcec A, Nicholson JR, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Dissociable effects of mGluR5 allosteric modulation on distinct forms of impulsivity in rats: interaction with NMDA receptor antagonism. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3327-44. [PMID: 26063678 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Impaired N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signalling underlies several psychiatric disorders that express high levels of impulsivity. Although synergistic interactions exist between NMDA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), the significance of this interaction for impulsivity is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effects of negative and positive allosteric mGluR5 modulation (NAM/PAM) on trait impulsivity and impulsivity evoked by NMDA receptor antagonism in rats. METHODS Motor and choice impulsivity were assessed using the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) and delayed-discounting task (DDT), respectively. The effects of RO4917523 and 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]pyridine (MTEP) (NAMs) and ADX47273 (PAM) were investigated in non-impulsive rats and in trait high- and low-impulsive rats. The effects of these compounds on impulsivity induced by NMDA receptor antagonism (MK801) in the 5-CSRTT were also investigated. RESULTS RO4917523 (0.1-1 mg/kg) decreased premature responding and increased omissions but had no effect on locomotor activity up to 0.1 mg/kg. MTEP significantly increased omissions, decreased accuracy and slowed responding but had no effect on premature responding. ADX47273 decreased premature responding at doses that had no effect on locomotor activity. MK801 increased premature responding and impaired attentional accuracy; these deficits were dose dependently rescued by ADX47273 pre-treatment. Allosteric modulation of mGluR5 had no significant effect on choice impulsivity, nor did it modulate general task performance. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that mGluR5 allosteric modulation selectively dissociates motor and choice impulsivity. We further show that mGluR5 PAMs may have therapeutic utility in selectively targeting specific aspects of impulsivity and executive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Isherwood
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Div. Research Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Arrondo G, Segarra N, Metastasio A, Ziauddeen H, Spencer J, Reinders NR, Dudas RB, Robbins TW, Fletcher PC, Murray GK. Reduction in ventral striatal activity when anticipating a reward in depression and schizophrenia: a replicated cross-diagnostic finding. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1280. [PMID: 26379600 PMCID: PMC4549553 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the research domain framework (RDoC), dysfunctional reward expectation has been proposed to be a cross-diagnostic domain in psychiatry, which may contribute to symptoms common to various neuropsychiatric conditions, such as anhedonia or apathy/avolition. We used a modified version of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) paradigm to obtain functional MRI images from 22 patients with schizophrenia, 24 with depression and 21 controls. Anhedonia and other symptoms of depression, and overall positive and negative symptomatology were also measured. We hypothesized that the two clinical groups would have a reduced activity in the ventral striatum when anticipating reward (compared to anticipation of a neutral outcome) and that striatal activation would correlate with clinical measures of motivational problems and anhedonia. Results were consistent with the first hypothesis: two clusters in both the left and right ventral striatum were found to differ between the groups in reward anticipation. Post-hoc analysis showed that this was due to higher activation in the controls compared to the schizophrenia and the depression groups in the right ventral striatum, with activation differences between depression and controls also seen in the left ventral striatum. No differences were found between the two patient groups, and there were no areas of abnormal cortical activation in either group that survived correction for multiple comparisons. Reduced ventral striatal activity was related to greater anhedonia and overall depressive symptoms in the schizophrenia group, but not in the participants with depression. Findings are discussed in relation to previous literature but overall are supporting evidence of reward system dysfunction across the neuropsychiatric continuum, even if the specific clinical relevance is still not fully understood. We also discuss how the RDoC approach may help to solve some of the replication problems in psychiatric fMRI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Arrondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuria Segarra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK ; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Cambridge, UK ; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust UK
| | - Jennifer Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK ; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust UK
| | | | - Robert B Dudas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK ; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust UK ; Psychiatric Liaison Service, Ipswich Hospital Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK ; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK ; Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science Cambridge, UK ; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust UK ; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK ; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust UK ; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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Galinowski A, Miranda R, Lemaitre H, Paillère Martinot ML, Artiges E, Vulser H, Goodman R, Penttilä J, Struve M, Barbot A, Fadai T, Poustka L, Conrod P, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde A, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Flor H, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Kappel V, Lawrence C, Loth E, Mann K, Nees F, Paus T, Pausova Z, Poline JB, Rietschel M, Robbins TW, Smolka M, Schumann G, Martinot JL. Resilience and corpus callosum microstructure in adolescence. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2285-2294. [PMID: 25817177 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience is the capacity of individuals to resist mental disorders despite exposure to stress. Little is known about its neural underpinnings. The putative variation of white-matter microstructure with resilience in adolescence, a critical period for brain maturation and onset of high-prevalence mental disorders, has not been assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) though, has been reported in the corpus callosum (CC), the brain's largest white-matter structure, in psychiatric and stress-related conditions. We hypothesized that higher FA in the CC would characterize stress-resilient adolescents. METHOD Three groups of adolescents recruited from the community were compared: resilient with low risk of mental disorder despite high exposure to lifetime stress (n = 55), at-risk of mental disorder exposed to the same level of stress (n = 68), and controls (n = 123). Personality was assessed by the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Voxelwise statistics of DTI values in CC were obtained using tract-based spatial statistics. Regional projections were identified by probabilistic tractography. RESULTS Higher FA values were detected in the anterior CC of resilient compared to both non-resilient and control adolescents. FA values varied according to resilience capacity. Seed regional changes in anterior CC projected onto anterior cingulate and frontal cortex. Neuroticism and three other NEO-FFI factor scores differentiated non-resilient participants from the other two groups. CONCLUSION High FA was detected in resilient adolescents in an anterior CC region projecting to frontal areas subserving cognitive resources. Psychiatric risk was associated with personality characteristics. Resilience in adolescence may be related to white-matter microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galinowski
- INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France
| | - R Miranda
- INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France
| | - H Lemaitre
- INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France
| | - M-L Paillère Martinot
- INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France
| | - E Artiges
- INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France
| | - H Vulser
- INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France
| | - R Goodman
- King's College, London Institute of Psychiatry,London,UK
| | - J Penttilä
- Psychiatry Department,University of Tampere,School of Medicine, Tampere,Finland
| | - M Struve
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany
| | | | - T Fadai
- Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany
| | - L Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany
| | - P Conrod
- King's College, London Institute of Psychiatry,London,UK
| | - T Banaschewski
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany
| | - G J Barker
- King's College, London Institute of Psychiatry,London,UK
| | - A Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry,School of Medicine,Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
| | - U Bromberg
- Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany
| | - C Büchel
- Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany
| | - H Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany
| | - J Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Campus Charité Mitte,Charité-Universitätsmedizin,Berlin,Germany
| | - H Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience,Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Campus Charité Mitte,Charité-Universitätsmedizin,Berlin,Germany
| | - B Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB),Braunschweig und Berlin,Germany
| | - V Kappel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy,Charité-Universitätsmedizin,Berlin,Germany
| | - C Lawrence
- School of Psychology,University of Nottingham,UK
| | - E Loth
- King's College, London Institute of Psychiatry,London,UK
| | - K Mann
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany
| | - F Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany
| | - T Paus
- School of Psychology,University of Nottingham,UK
| | - Z Pausova
- Department of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences,The Hospital for Sick Children,University of Toronto,Toronto, ONT,Canada
| | | | - M Rietschel
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience,Central Institute of Mental Health,Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University,Germany
| | - T W Robbins
- Department of Experimental Psychology,Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute,University of Cambridge,UK
| | - M Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Technische Universität Dresden,Germany
| | - G Schumann
- King's College, London Institute of Psychiatry,London,UK
| | - J-L Martinot
- INSERM,UMR 1000,Research unit Imaging and Psychiatry,Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot,Orsay,France
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Peña-Oliver Y, Giuliano C, Economidou D, Goodlett CR, Robbins TW, Dalley JW, Everitt BJ. Correction: Alcohol-Preferring Rats Show Goal Oriented Behaviour to Food Incentives but Are Neither Sign-Trackers Nor Impulsive. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208152 PMCID: PMC4514861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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239
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Voon V, Chang-Webb YC, Morris LS, Cooper E, Sethi A, Baek K, Grant J, Robbins TW, Harrison NA. Waiting Impulsivity: The Influence of Acute Methylphenidate and Feedback. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv074. [PMID: 26136351 PMCID: PMC4772268 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to wait and to weigh evidence is critical to behavioral regulation. These behaviors are known as waiting and reflection impulsivity. In Study 1, we examined the effects of methylphenidate, a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, on waiting and reflection impulsivity in healthy young individuals. In study 2, we assessed the role of learning from feedback in disorders of addiction. METHODS We used the recently developed 4-Choice Serial Reaction Time task and the Beads task. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers were tested twice in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial with 20mg methylphenidate. In the second study, we analyzed premature responses as a function of prior feedback in disorders of addiction. RESULTS Study 1: Methylphenidate was associated with greater waiting impulsivity to a cue predicting reward along with faster responding to target onset without a generalized effect on reaction time or attention. Methylphenidate influenced reflection impulsivity based on baseline impulsivity. Study 2: More premature responses occurred after premature responses in stimulant-dependent subjects. CONCLUSIONS We show that methylphenidate has dissociable effects on waiting and reflection impulsivity. Chronic stimulant exposure impairs learning from prior premature responses, suggesting a failure to learn that premature responding is suboptimal. These findings provide a greater mechanistic understanding of waiting impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon, Ms Chang-Webb, Ms Morris, Ms Cooper, Mr Sethi, Dr Baek, Dr Robbins, and Dr Harrison); Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon, Ms Morris, and Dr Robbins); Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Dr Voon); Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Ms Morris and Dr Robbins); Department of Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom (Ms Cooper, Mr Sethi, and Dr Harrison); Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (Dr Grant); Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom (Dr Harrison); Sussex Partnership NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom (Dr Harrison).
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240
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Abstract
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has become a paradigmatic case of goal-directed dysfunction in psychiatry. In this article, we review the neurobiological evidence, historical and recent, that originally led to this supposition and continues to support a habit hypothesis of OCD. We will then discuss a number of recent studies that have directly tested this hypothesis, using behavioural experiments in patient populations. Based on this research evidence, which suggests that rather than goal-directed avoidance behaviours, compulsions in OCD may derive from manifestations of excessive habit formation, we present the details of a novel account of the functional relationship between these habits and the full symptom profile of the disorder. Borrowing from a cognitive dissonance framework, we propose that the irrational threat beliefs (obsessions) characteristic of OCD may be a consequence, rather than an instigator, of compulsive behaviour in these patients. This lays the foundation for a potential shift in both clinical and neuropsychological conceptualization of OCD and related disorders. This model may also prove relevant to other putative disorders of compulsivity, such as substance dependence, where the experience of ‘wanting’ drugs may be better understood as post hoc rationalizations of otherwise goal-insensitive, stimulus-driven behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Gillan
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
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241
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Richiardi J, Altmann A, Milazzo AC, Chang C, Chakravarty MM, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Conrod P, Fauth-Bühler M, Flor H, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Lemaître H, Mann KF, Martinot JL, Nees F, Paus T, Pausova Z, Rietschel M, Robbins TW, Smolka MN, Spanagel R, Ströhle A, Schumann G, Hawrylycz M, Poline JB, Greicius MD. BRAIN NETWORKS. Correlated gene expression supports synchronous activity in brain networks. Science 2015; 348:1241-4. [PMID: 26068849 PMCID: PMC4829082 DOI: 10.1126/science.1255905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During rest, brain activity is synchronized between different regions widely distributed throughout the brain, forming functional networks. However, the molecular mechanisms supporting functional connectivity remain undefined. We show that functional brain networks defined with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging can be recapitulated by using measures of correlated gene expression in a post mortem brain tissue data set. The set of 136 genes we identify is significantly enriched for ion channels. Polymorphisms in this set of genes significantly affect resting-state functional connectivity in a large sample of healthy adolescents. Expression levels of these genes are also significantly associated with axonal connectivity in the mouse. The results provide convergent, multimodal evidence that resting-state functional networks correlate with the orchestrated activity of dozens of genes linked to ion channel activity and synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Richiardi
- Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Laboratory of Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Andre Altmann
- Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna-Clare Milazzo
- The War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada. Departments of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Patricia Conrod
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Ste Justine Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mira Fauth-Bühler
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hervé Lemaître
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, France. INSERM Unit 1000 at Maison de Solenn, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Cochin Hospital, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Karl F Mann
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging and Psychiatry," University Paris Sud, Orsay, France. INSERM Unit 1000 at Maison de Solenn, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Cochin Hospital, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. Medical Research Council (MRC) Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Poline
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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242
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O’Leary-Barrett M, Pihl RO, Artiges E, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Mann K, Paillère-Martinot ML, Nees F, Paus T, Pausova Z, Poustka L, Rietschel M, Robbins TW, Smolka MN, Ströhle A, Schumann G, Conrod PJ. Personality, Attentional Biases towards Emotional Faces and Symptoms of Mental Disorders in an Adolescent Sample. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128271. [PMID: 26046352 PMCID: PMC4457930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of personality factors and attentional biases towards emotional faces, in establishing concurrent and prospective risk for mental disorder diagnosis in adolescence. Method Data were obtained as part of the IMAGEN study, conducted across 8 European sites, with a community sample of 2257 adolescents. At 14 years, participants completed an emotional variant of the dot-probe task, as well two personality measures, namely the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale and the revised NEO Personality Inventory. At 14 and 16 years, participants and their parents were interviewed to determine symptoms of mental disorders. Results Personality traits were general and specific risk indicators for mental disorders at 14 years. Increased specificity was obtained when investigating the likelihood of mental disorders over a 2-year period, with the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale showing incremental validity over the NEO Personality Inventory. Attentional biases to emotional faces did not characterise or predict mental disorders examined in the current sample. Discussion Personality traits can indicate concurrent and prospective risk for mental disorders in a community youth sample, and identify at-risk youth beyond the impact of baseline symptoms. This study does not support the hypothesis that attentional biases mediate the relationship between personality and psychopathology in a community sample. Task and sample characteristics that contribute to differing results among studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert O. Pihl
- Department of Psychology McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 “Imaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, Paris, France
- AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L. W. Bokde
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Herta Flor
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère-Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 “Imaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud, Orsay, Paris, France
- AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia J. Conrod
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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243
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Morein-Zamir S, Simon Jones P, Bullmore ET, Robbins TW, Ersche KD. Take it or leave it: prefrontal control in recreational cocaine users. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e582. [PMID: 26080317 PMCID: PMC4490290 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Though stimulant drugs such as cocaine are considered highly addictive, some individuals report recreational use over long periods without developing dependence. Difficulties in response inhibition have been hypothesized to contribute to dependence, but previous studies investigating response inhibition in recreational cocaine users have reported conflicting results. Performance on a stop-signal task was examined in 24 recreational cocaine users and 32 healthy non-drug using control participants matched for age, gender and verbal intelligence during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. The two groups were further matched on traumatic childhood histories and the absence of family histories of addiction. Results revealed that recreational cocaine users did not significantly differ from controls on any index of task performance, including response execution and stop-signal reaction time, with the latter averaging 198 ms in both groups. Functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses indicated that, compared with controls, stopping in the recreational users was associated with increased activation in the pre-supplementary motor area but not the right inferior frontal cortex. Thus, findings imply intact response inhibition abilities in recreational cocaine users, though the distinct pattern of accompanying activation suggests increased recruitment of brain areas implicated in response inhibition. This increased recruitment could be attributed to compensatory mechanisms that enable preserved cognitive control in this group, possibly relating to their hypothetical resilience to stimulant drug dependence. Such overactivation, alternatively, may be attributable to prolonged cocaine use leading to neuroplastic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morein-Zamir
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK. E-mail:
| | - P Simon Jones
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E T Bullmore
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK,Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigations, Cambridge, UK
| | - T W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K D Ersche
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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244
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Hughes LE, Rittman T, Regenthal R, Robbins TW, Rowe JB. Improving response inhibition systems in frontotemporal dementia with citalopram. Brain 2015; 138:1961-75. [PMID: 26001387 PMCID: PMC5412666 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Disinhibition is a cardinal feature of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia, presenting as impulsive and impetuous behaviours that are often difficult to manage. The options for symptomatic treatments are limited, but a potential target for therapy is the restoration of serotonergic function, which is both deficient in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and closely associated with inhibitory control. Based on preclinical studies and psychopharmacological interventions in other disorders, we predicted that inhibition would be associated with the right inferior frontal gyrus and dependent on serotonin. Using magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography of a Go-NoGo paradigm, we investigated the neural basis of behavioural disinhibition in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibition on the neural systems for response inhibition. In a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover design study, 12 patients received either a single 30 mg dose of citalopram or placebo. Twenty age-matched healthy controls underwent the same magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography protocol on one session without citalopram, providing normative data for this task. In the control group, successful NoGo trials evoked two established indices of successful response inhibition: the NoGo-N2 and NoGo-P3. Both of these components were significantly attenuated by behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Cortical sources associated with successful inhibition in control subjects were identified in the right inferior frontal gyrus and anterior temporal lobe, which have been strongly associated with behavioural inhibition in imaging and lesion studies. These sources were impaired by behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Critically, citalopram enhanced the NoGo-P3 signal in patients, relative to placebo treatment, and increased the evoked response in the right inferior frontal gyrus. Voxel-based morphometry confirmed significant atrophy of inferior frontal gyrus, alongside insular, orbitofrontal and temporal cortex in our patient cohort. Together, these data suggest that the dysfunctional prefrontal cortical systems underlying response inhibition deficits in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia can be partially restored by increasing serotonergic neurotransmission. The results support a translational neuroscience approach to impulsive neurological disorders and indicate the potential for symptomatic treatment of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia including serotonergic strategies to improve disinhibition.media-1vid110.1093/brain/awv133_video_abstractawv133_video_abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Hughes
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK 2 Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Rittman
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- 3 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- 4 Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 5 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- 1 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK 2 Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK 5 Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, UK
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245
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Pickering C, Alsiö J, Morud J, Ericson M, Robbins TW, Söderpalm B. Ethanol impairment of spontaneous alternation behaviour and associated changes in medial prefrontal glutamatergic gene expression precede putative markers of dependence. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 132:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Donnelly NA, Paulsen O, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Ramping single unit activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum reflects the onset of waiting but not imminent impulsive actions. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:1524-37. [PMID: 25892211 PMCID: PMC4529742 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral striatum (VS), including the nucleus accumbens, are key forebrain regions involved in regulating behaviour for future rewards. Dysfunction of these regions can result in impulsivity, characterized by actions that are mistimed and executed without due consideration of their consequences. Here we recorded the activity of single neurons in the mPFC and VS of 16 rats during performance on a five-choice serial reaction time task of sustained visual attention and impulsivity. Impulsive responses were assessed by the number of premature responses made before target stimuli were presented. We found that the majority of cells signalled trial outcome after an action was made (both rewarded and unrewarded). Positive and negative ramping activity was a feature of population activity in the mPFC and VS (49.5 and 50.4% of cells, respectively). This delay-related activity increased at the same rate and reached the same maximum (or minimum) for trials terminated by either correct or premature responses. However, on premature trials, the ramping activity started earlier and coincided with shorter latencies to begin waiting. For all trial types the pattern of ramping activity was unchanged when the pre-stimulus delay period was made variable. Thus, premature responses may result from a failure in the timing of the initiation of a waiting process, combined with a reduced reliance on external sensory cues, rather than a primary failure in delay activity. Our findings further show that the neural locus of this aberrant timing signal may emanate from structures outside the mPFC and VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Donnelly
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Ole Paulsen
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of PDN, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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247
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Ye Z, Altena E, Nombela C, Housden CR, Maxwell H, Rittman T, Huddleston C, Rae CL, Regenthal R, Sahakian BJ, Barker RA, Robbins TW, Rowe JB. Improving response inhibition in Parkinson's disease with atomoxetine. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:740-8. [PMID: 24655598 PMCID: PMC4384955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopaminergic drugs remain the mainstay of Parkinson's disease therapy but often fail to improve cognitive problems such as impulsivity. This may be due to the loss of other neurotransmitters, including noradrenaline, which is linked to impulsivity and response inhibition. We therefore examined the effect of the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine on response inhibition in a stop-signal paradigm. METHODS This pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging study used a double-blinded randomized crossover design with low-frequency inhibition trials distributed among frequent Go trials. Twenty-one patients received 40 mg atomoxetine or placebo. Control subjects were tested on no-drug. The effects of disease and drug on behavioral performance, regional brain activity, and functional connectivity were analyzed using general linear models. Anatomical connectivity was examined using diffusion-weighted imaging. RESULTS Patients with Parkinson's disease had longer stop-signal reaction times, less stop-related activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG), and weaker functional connectivity between the RIFG and striatum compared with control subjects. Atomoxetine enhanced stop-related RIFG activation in proportion to disease severity. Although there was no overall behavioral benefit from atomoxetine, analyses of individual differences revealed that enhanced response inhibition by atomoxetine was associated with increased RIFG activation and functional frontostriatal connectivity. Improved performance was more likely in patients with higher structural frontostriatal connectivity. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that enhanced prefrontal cortical activation and frontostriatal connectivity by atomoxetine may improve response inhibition in Parkinson's disease. These results point the way to new stratified clinical trials of atomoxetine to treat impulsivity in selected patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ye
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ellemarije Altena
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Nombela
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte R Housden
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge Cognition Ltd, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute , University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Maxwell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Rittman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chelan Huddleston
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L Rae
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Regenthal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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248
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests some overlap between the pathological use of food and drugs, yet how impulsivity compares across these different clinical disorders remains unclear. Substance use disorders are commonly characterized by elevated impulsivity, and impulsivity subtypes may show commonalities and differences in various conditions. We hypothesized that obese subjects with binge-eating disorder (BED) and abstinent alcohol-dependent cohorts would have relatively more impulsive profiles compared to obese subjects without BED. We also predicted decision impulsivity impairment in obesity with and without BED. METHOD Thirty obese subjects with BED, 30 without BED and 30 abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects and age- and gender-matched controls were tested on delay discounting (preference for a smaller immediate reward over a larger delayed reward), reflection impulsivity (rapid decision making prior to evidence accumulation) and motor response inhibition (action cancellation of a prepotent response). RESULTS All three groups had greater delay discounting relative to healthy volunteers. Both obese subjects without BED and alcohol-dependent subjects had impaired motor response inhibition. Only obese subjects without BED had impaired integration of available information to optimize outcomes over later trials with a cost condition. CONCLUSIONS Delay discounting appears to be a common core impairment across disorders of food and drug intake. Unexpectedly, obese subjects without BED showed greater impulsivity than obese subjects with BED. We highlight the dissociability and heterogeneity of impulsivity subtypes and add to the understanding of neurocognitive profiles across disorders involving food and drugs. Our results have therapeutic implications suggesting that disorder-specific patterns of impulsivity could be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Mole
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK
| | - M A Irvine
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK
| | - Y Worbe
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK
| | - P Collins
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK
| | - S P Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK
| | - S Bolton
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK
| | - N A Harrison
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School,University of Sussex,Brighton,UK
| | - T W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK
| | - V Voon
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK
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249
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Nees F, Witt SH, Dinu-Biringer R, Lourdusamy A, Tzschoppe J, Vollstädt-Klein S, Millenet S, Bach C, Poustka L, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Conrod PJ, Frank J, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Mann K, Martinot JL, Paus T, Pausova Z, Robbins TW, Smolka MN, Rietschel M, Schumann G, Flor H. BDNF Val66Met and reward-related brain function in adolescents: role for early alcohol consumption. Alcohol 2015; 49:103-10. [PMID: 25650137 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in reward processing have been identified as one important pathogenetic mechanism in alcohol addiction. The nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (rs6265/Val66Met) modulates the central nervous system activity of neurotransmitters involved in reward processing such as serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate. It was identified as crucial for alcohol consumption in healthy adults and, in rats, specifically related to the function in the striatum, a region that is commonly involved in reward processing. However, studies in humans on the association of BDNF Val66Met and reward-related brain functions and its role for alcohol consumption, a significant predictor of later alcohol addiction, are missing. Based on an intermediate phenotype approach, we assessed the early orientation toward alcohol and alcohol consumption in 530 healthy adolescents that underwent a monetary incentive delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found a significantly lower response in the putamen to reward anticipation in adolescent Met carriers with high versus low levels of alcohol consumption. During reward feedback, Met carriers with low putamen reactivity were significantly more likely to orient toward alcohol and to drink alcohol 2 years later. This study indicates a possible effect of BDNF Val66Met on alcohol addiction-related phenotypes in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - S H Witt
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R Dinu-Biringer
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Lourdusamy
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Tzschoppe
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - C Bach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - L Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - T Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - G J Barker
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - A L W Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience and Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - U Bromberg
- NeuroImage Nord, Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - C Büchel
- NeuroImage Nord, Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - P J Conrod
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Canada
| | - J Frank
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - V Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France
| | - J Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, USA
| | - P Gowland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Mann
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J-L Martinot
- INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging & Psychiatry", Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University Paris Sud, Orsay, France; AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - T Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Z Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - T W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - G Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Bari A, Dec A, Lee AW, Lee J, Song D, Dale E, Peterson J, Zorn S, Huang X, Campbell B, Robbins TW, West AR. Enhanced inhibitory control by neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor blockade in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:959-73. [PMID: 25194952 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system acts in synergy with the classic neurotransmitters to regulate a large variety of functions including autonomic, affective, and cognitive processes. Research on the effects of NPY in the central nervous system has focused on food intake control and affective processes, but growing evidence of NPY involvement in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other psychiatric conditions motivated the present study. OBJECTIVES We tested the effects of the novel and highly selective NPY Y5 receptor antagonist Lu AE00654 on impulsivity and the underlying cortico-striatal circuitry in rats to further explore the possible involvement of the NPY system in pathologies characterized by inattention and impulsive behavior. RESULTS A low dose of Lu AE00654 (0.03 mg/kg) selectively facilitated response inhibition as measured by the stop-signal task, whereas no effects were found at higher doses (0.3 and 3 mg/kg). Systemic administration of Lu AE00654 also enhanced the inhibitory influence of the dorsal frontal cortex on neurons in the caudate-putamen, this fronto-striatal circuitry being implicated in the executive control of behavior. Finally, by locally injecting a Y5 agonist, we observed reciprocal activation between dorsal frontal cortex and caudate-putamen neurons. Importantly, the effects of the Y5 agonist were attenuated by pretreatment with Lu AE00654, confirming the presence of Y5 binding sites modulating functional interactions within frontal-subcortical circuits. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the NPY system modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in brain areas important for impulse control, and may be relevant for the treatment of pathologies such as ADHD and drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bari
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK,
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