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Clark ELM, Gutierrez-Colina A, Ruzicka EB, Sanchez N, Bristol M, Gulley LD, Broussard JL, Kelsey MM, Simon SL, Shomaker LB. Racial and ethnic sleep health disparities in adolescents and risk for type 2 diabetes: a narrative review. Ann Med 2024; 56:2399756. [PMID: 39253865 PMCID: PMC11389628 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2399756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep is an essential factor for health and wellbeing in people across the age spectrum; yet many adolescents do not meet the recommended 8-10 h of nightly sleep. Unfortunately, habitually insufficient sleep, along with the metabolic changes of puberty, puts adolescents at increased risk for a host of adverse health outcomes such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, individuals from historically minoritized racial and ethnic groups (e.g. Hispanic/Latinx, African American/Black) are more likely to experience shorter sleep duration compared to adolescents of White/European origin, placing them at even greater risk for disparities in T2D risk. METHODS We conducted a literature review on the role of race and ethnicity in adolescent sleep health and its relation to cardiometabolic outcomes, specifically T2D. We use the minority stress model and the stress and coping theory as guiding theoretical frameworks to examine individual and societal level factors that may contribute to sleep health disparities and their downstream effects on T2D risk. RESULTS This review highlights that the unique race-related stressors adolescents from minoritized groups face may play a role in the sleep and T2D connection on a biological, psychological, and social level. However, although there has been advancement in the current research on adolescent racial and ethnic sleep health disparities in relation to T2D, mechanisms underlying these disparities in sleep health need further investigation. Addressing these gaps is crucial for identifying and mitigating sleep health disparities and T2D among racial and ethnic minority youth. CONCLUSION We conclude with a discussion of the implications and future research directions of racial and ethnic disparities in sleep health and T2D prevention research. A comprehensive understanding of adolescent sleep health disparities has potential to better inform preventative and educational programs, interventions, and policies that promote sleep health equity and improve cardiometabolic outcomes like T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L M Clark
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ana Gutierrez-Colina
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Ruzicka
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Natalia Sanchez
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Community & Behavioral Health, Epidemiology, and Global Health & Health Disparities, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Madison Bristol
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Community & Behavioral Health, Epidemiology, and Global Health & Health Disparities, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren D Gulley
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Health & Exercise Science, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Megan M Kelsey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stacey L Simon
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Community & Behavioral Health, Epidemiology, and Global Health & Health Disparities, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
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Meng Y, Shi X, Cai D, Ran M, Ye A, Qiu C. Prevalence, predictive factors, and impacts of internet gaming disorder among adolescents: A population-based longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:356-362. [PMID: 38844168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet gaming disorder (IGD) becomes a growing concern during the digital era, especially with the pandemic's social distancing measures. It is essential to comprehend the psychosocial predictors and impacts of IGD. METHODS A two-wave annual panel study was conducted in Zigong, China, utilizing regional sampling through school-based surveys involving upper primary school to high school students. Data were collected in October 2020 (T1, N = 94,020) and October 2021 (T2, N = 60,551). Self-report data were collected on demographic information, internet gaming behavior, and other mental health factors. Cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) were employed to estimate the bidirectional relationships between the variables. RESULTS At T1, 65,643 (72.6 %) participants identified as gamers; at T2, this number decreased to 42,213 (69.7 %). T1 IGD symptoms demonstrated predictability for all T2 psychological variables. Within the framework of the CLPM examining the interplay between IGD symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and hyperactivity/inattention, we uncovered significant reciprocal cross-lagged effects between these variables over time. The relationship between T1 IGD symptoms and T2 anxiety symptoms had age-specific differences, with 13-15-year-old boys displaying the highest coefficient, which decreased for the 16-18 age group. LIMITATIONS Our study is subject to potential recall bias associated with self-reported retrospective data. Additionally, our analysis assumes temporal ordering between variables, an assumption that may not always hold in complex systems. CONCLUSIONS There are reciprocal relationships between IGD symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and hyperactivity/inattention in adolescents, underscoring the imperative need for comprehensive strategies aimed at addressing the impact of IGD on mental health and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xinyi Shi
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Duanfang Cai
- Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Zigong, China
| | - Maosheng Ran
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Anhong Ye
- Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Zigong, China.
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China.
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Liu X. Trajectories of sleep problems and the longitudinal associations with mental health difficulties among Chinese adolescents. Soc Sci Med 2024; 358:117203. [PMID: 39173290 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing research highlights the negative impact of sleep problems on adolescent mental health. However, the developmental trajectory of sleep problems during adolescence and their relationship with mental health difficulties, including both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, remain unclear. Additionally, the direction of the effects between sleep problems and mental health difficulties is not well established. This study aims to identify the developmental trajectories of sleep problems and examine their association with mental health difficulties in both internalizing and externalizing domains. METHOD The study involved 1,281 Chinese middle school students (645 males, mean age at initial assessment = 12.73, SD = 0.68). Data were collected at four time points (T1, T2, T3, T4) over approximately 6-month intervals, spanning from the first semester of seventh grade to the second semester of 8th grade. RESULTS Latent growth modeling revealed an overall increasing trend in sleep problems. Parallel latent growth modeling indicated that trajectories of sleep problems were positively related to the developmental trends of mental health difficulties, as shown by intercept-intercept and slope-slope associations. The cross-lagged panel model demonstrated significant bidirectional associations between sleep problems and internalizing symptoms. In contrast, we observed unidirectional associations between sleep problems and externalizing symptoms. Hence, sleep problems were a significant predictor of subsequent externalizing symptoms, with no significant reverse effect observed. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that future research should explore whether interventions targeting sleep problems can reduce the incidence of both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Additionally, interventions aimed at internalizing symptoms may potentially improve adolescent sleep, while those targeting externalizing symptoms may not have the same effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Liu
- School of Psychology, Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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4
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Dai Y, Halabicky OM, Ji X, Liu J. Childhood lead exposure and sleep problems in adolescents: a longitudinal cohort study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024:10.1007/s00420-024-02099-3. [PMID: 39277560 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood lead exposure is linked to poorer neurobehavioral function in adolescence, but the relationship between lead and adolescent sleep health remains inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate concurrent and longitudinal associations between lead exposure and multiple sleep health domains in adolescents. METHODS A total of 972 adolescents from China Jintan Child Cohort were included in analyses. The Blood lead levels (BLLs) were assessed in two Waves, at ages 3-5 years (mean 6.50 ± 2.76 μg/dL) and 11-13 years (mean 3.12 ± 1.17 μg/dL). Sleep problems at age 11-13 were parent-reported via the Child Sleep Health Questionnaire (CSHQ) and self-reported by adolescents using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS Both early and later BLLs were associated positively with parental reported sleep problems, including sleep onset delay, night waking, short duration, parasomnias, and disordered breathing. Sex-stratified analyzes showed that most adjusted associations between two-Wave BLLs and sleep outcomes (CSHQ and PSQI) remained statistically significant in males, with a minor increase in the magnitude of these associations. The association between Wave II BLLs and shorter self-reported sleep duration was only statistically significant in female adolescents. Compared to children with consistently low BLLs at both ages, those with persistently high BLLs at both ages had significantly shorter parental-reported sleep duration and worse sleep onset delay. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that both early and later childhood lead exposures link to more adolescent sleep problems, with recent BLLs showing stronger associations with poor adolescent sleep health reported by their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dai
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6096, USA
| | | | - Xiaopeng Ji
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6096, USA.
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Martin-Storey A, Mayne K, Beischel W, Craig W. Sleep health among youth outside of the gender binary: Findings from a national Canadian sample. Sleep Health 2024:S2352-7218(24)00169-4. [PMID: 39261146 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep is important for adolescent health. The unique needs of suprabinary youth (youth with gender identities outside of the gender binary), along with the growing number of youth with these identities, underscores the need to better understand sleep health within this population. The current study's objectives were to (1) examine differences in sleep health between suprabinary and binary youth and (2) explore how social support, peer victimization, and technology use accounted for these differences. METHODS Data were drawn from the 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School Aged Children Survey. Adolescents (individuals ages 14 to 17, n = 10,186), indicated whether they were suprabinary (n = 182) or binary (n = 10,004), and completed measures of sleep health (difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying awake, weekday and weekend sleep length), covariates (age, family affluence, race/ethnicity, depressive symptoms), as well as variables that may account for differences between suprabinary and binary youth (family, friend, and teacher support, as well as peer victimization, and technology use before bed). RESULTS Suprabinary youth reported worse sleep health on all outcomes, and differences persisted for both difficulty falling asleep and weekday sleep hours accounting for covariates. Significant indirect effects between suprabinary status were observed across all sleep outcomes for family support and school climate. Indirect effects for sleep quality were also observed via peer victimization. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the relevance of looking at basic health processes like sleep to better understand how the stressors associated with suprabinary status impact health outcomes among this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Martin-Storey
- Group de Recherche et d'intervention sur les adaptations sociales de l'enfance, Département de Psychoéducation, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada.
| | - Kyla Mayne
- Psychology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Will Beischel
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wendy Craig
- Psychology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Lindig K, Madison S, Kouros C, Ekas N. Physiological and Family-Level Correlates of Autistic Adolescents' Sleep Quality. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06529-6. [PMID: 39249573 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autistic adolescents commonly experience sleep-related difficulties and prior studies have sought to separately examine physiological and family-level predictors of their sleep quality. The current study aimed to conceptually replicate and extend to an adolescent sample a prior study that found respiratory sinus arrhythmia was associated with sleep quality in autistic children. In addition, the current study also examined whether the quality of the family environment was associated with sleep quality in autistic adolescents. METHODS The sample consisted of 107 autistic adolescents who completed a baseline measure of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and then watched a video of their parents engaged in a discussion about a topic of disagreement while their respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity was measured. Adolescents also completed questionnaires measuring their sleep quality and family environment. RESULTS In regression models, adolescents' physiological functioning was not a significant predictor of their sleep quality; however, adolescents living in poorer quality family environments reported worse sleep quality after controlling for their physiological functioning. The interaction between physiological functioning and the family environment predicting sleep quality was non-significant. CONCLUSION Although the current study did not conceptually replicate prior work, the findings highlight the importance of the family environment for adolescents' sleep. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Lindig
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Behavioral and Brain Sciences Division, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Sarah Madison
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Chrystyna Kouros
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Naomi Ekas
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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Jackson R, Gu C, Haszard J, Meredith-Jones K, Galland B, Camp J, Brown D, Taylor R. The Effect of Prebedtime Behaviors on Sleep Duration and Quality in Children: Protocol for a Randomized Crossover Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e63692. [PMID: 39163119 PMCID: PMC11372319 DOI: 10.2196/63692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is recommended that children should avoid eating dinner, being physically active, or using screens in the hour before bed to ensure good sleep health. However, the evidence base behind these guidelines is weak and limited to cross-sectional studies using questionnaires. OBJECTIVE The aim of this randomized crossover trial was to use objective measures to experimentally determine whether recommendations to improve sleep by banning electronic media, physical activity, or food intake in the hour before bed, impact sleep quantity and quality in the youth. METHODS After a baseline week to assess usual behavior, 72 children (10-14.9 years old) will be randomized to four conditions, which are (1) avoid all 3 behaviors, (2) use screens for at least 30 minutes, (3) be physically active for at least 30 minutes, and (4) eat a large meal, during the hour before bed on days 5 to 7 of weeks 2 to 5. Families can choose which days of the week they undertake the intervention, but they must be the same days for each intervention week. Guidance on how to undertake each intervention will be provided. Interventions will only be undertaken during the school term to avoid known changes in sleep during school holidays. Intervention adherence and shuteye latency (time from getting into bed until attempting sleep) will be measured by wearable and stationary PatrolEyes video cameras (StuntCams). Sleep (total sleep time, sleep onset, and wake after sleep onset) will be measured using actigraphy (baseline, days 5 to 7 of each intervention week). Mixed effects regression models with a random effect for participants will be used to estimate mean differences (95% CI) for conditions 2 to 4 compared with condition 1. RESULTS Recruitment started in March 2024, and is anticipated to finish in April 2025. Following data analysis, we expect that results will be available later in 2026. CONCLUSIONS Using objective measures, we will be able to establish if causal relationships exist between prebedtime behaviors and sleep in children. Such information is critical to ensure appropriate and achievable sleep guidelines. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12624000206527; https://tinyurl.com/3kcjmfnj. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/63692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Barbara Galland
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Justine Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Deirdre Brown
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachael Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Bauducco S, Pillion M, Bartel K, Reynolds C, Kahn M, Gradisar M. A bidirectional model of sleep and technology use: A theoretical review of How much, for whom, and which mechanisms. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 76:101933. [PMID: 38657359 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The link between technology and sleep is more complex than originally thought. In this updated theoretical review, we propose a new model informed by the growing body of evidence in the area over the past 10 years. The main theoretical change is the addition of bi-directional links between the use of technology and sleep problems. We begin by reviewing the evidence to date for the originally proposed mechanisms of bright light, arousal, nighttime sleep disruptions, and sleep displacement. Then, in support of the new direction of effect (sleep problems preceding technology use), we propose two new mechanisms: technology before sleep might be used as a time filler and/or as an emotional regulation strategy to facilitate the sleep-onset process. Finally, we present potential moderators of the association between technology and sleep, in recognition of protective and vulnerability factors that may mitigate or exacerbate the effects of technology on sleep and vice versa. The goal of this theoretical review is to update the field, guide future public health messages, and to prompt new research into how much technology and sleep affect each other, for whom it may be problematic, and which mechanisms may explain their association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bauducco
- Örebro University, School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Sweden; Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Australia.
| | - Meg Pillion
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Australia
| | - Kate Bartel
- WINK Sleep Pty Ltd, Adelaide, Australia; Riverland Academy of Clinical Excellence, Riverland Mallee Coorong Local Health Network, Australia; Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Australia
| | - Chelsea Reynolds
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Australia; WINK Sleep Pty Ltd, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michal Kahn
- Tel Aviv University, School of Psychological Sciences, Israel
| | - Michael Gradisar
- WINK Sleep Pty Ltd, Adelaide, Australia; Sleep Cycle AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bauducco S, Pillion M, Bartel K, Reynolds C, Kahn M, Gradisar M. The difficult but crucial task of knowledge translation: The case of pre-sleep technology use. Reply to Reichenberger et al. and the National Sleep Foundation's screen use recommendations. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 76:101974. [PMID: 38996536 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bauducco
- Örebro University, School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Sweden; Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Australia.
| | - Meg Pillion
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Australia
| | - Kate Bartel
- WINK Sleep Pty Ltd, Adelaide, Australia; Riverland Academy of Clinical Excellence, Riverland Mallee Coorong Local Health Network, Australia; Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Australia
| | - Chelsea Reynolds
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Australia; WINK Sleep Pty Ltd, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michal Kahn
- Tel Aviv University, School of Psychological Sciences, Israel
| | - Michael Gradisar
- WINK Sleep Pty Ltd, Adelaide, Australia; Sleep Cycle AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Poulain T, Hilbert C, Grundmann A, Kiess W. Associations between media use at bedtime and sleep: a cross-sectional analysis on differences between girls and boys. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1290935. [PMID: 39070585 PMCID: PMC11272457 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1290935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated associations between the use of electronic media and sleep in children and young adolescents, with a specific focus on the moderation of associations by sex and age. Methods Between 2021 and 2022, 453 10- to 14-year-old children participating in the LIFE Child cohort study (Germany) reported on their use of electronic media (daily screen time, use at bedtime, device ownership) and on their sleep difficulties (Sleep Self Report). Associations between media use and sleep as well as interactions with age and sex were assessed using linear regression analyses. Results The analyses revealed significant associations between the use of media at bedtime and bedtime problems (in girls only), sleep behavior problems (in girls only), and daytime sleepiness (in girls and boys). Daily screen time, in contrast, was associated with none of the sleep difficulties. The number of media devices owned by the child was only associated with bedtime problems in girls, and this association lost statistical significance once media use at bedtime was included as further predictor. Conclusion The findings underline the potentially sleep-disturbing role of electronic media at bedtime. Furthermore, they suggest that this effect is more pronounced in girls than in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Poulain
- Faculty of Medicine, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cornelia Hilbert
- Faculty of Medicine, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annelie Grundmann
- Faculty of Medicine, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Faculty of Medicine, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center for Paediatric Research (CPL), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Werner A, Kater MJ, Kerkhoff D, Schlarb AA, Lohaus A. Personal and social resources in the context of adolescent sleep. Psychol Health 2024; 39:878-894. [PMID: 36082379 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The existing literature has focused little on the health-promoting role of resources for sleep. Mainly risk factors have been highlighted regarding mental health in general. Moreover, for the vulnerable age group of adolescents, resources and their relation to sleep have hardly been explored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the predictive role of personal/social resources for the likelihood of having chronic sleep problems in adolescents. METHODS AND MEASURES A sample of n = 131 adolescents (M = 14.31 years, SD = 1.84) completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and the Questionnaire to Assess Resources for Children and Adolescents at two measurement points about 8 months apart. RESULTS Binomial logistic regressions controlling for age and sex revealed that higher levels of personal and social resources were associated with a lower likelihood of having chronic sleep problems. Especially optimism and school integration were associated with not experiencing chronic sleep problems. CONCLUSION For the first time, this study highlighted multiple resources and their health-promoting role in adolescent sleep. Both personal and social resources seem to be relevant for preventing adolescents from chronic sleep problems. Prevention and intervention programs for sleep disorders in teenagers should especially promote optimism and school integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Werner
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science , Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maren-Jo Kater
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science , Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Denny Kerkhoff
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz , Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Arnold Lohaus
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science , Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Vazsonyi AT, Javakhishvili M, Lobo-Dos-Santos TA, Özdemir Y, Sağkal AS. Developmental changes in school burnout: The importance of sleep and problematic Internet use. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1091-1101. [PMID: 38528340 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION School burnout remains a prevalent problem among adolescents; it is associated with low academic achievement and school dropout risk, in turn linked to a whole host of deleterious developmental outcomes. The current longitudinal study sought to better understand the developmental course of school burnout by testing whether poor sleep and problematic internet use each uniquely and additively explained the variance in school burnout over time. METHOD Data were collected four times over 18 months, 6 months apart from N = 405 adolescents, grades 9 to 11. RESULTS Sleep quality, but not quantity, was significantly associated with the school burnout intercept (β = -0.29); no effects were found for the slope. Problematic internet use was also significantly associated with the intercept (β = .44), but not the slope. In a combined model, both sleep quality and problematic internet use significantly predicted the school burnout intercept. The slope was only predicted by age (β = -0.21). CONCLUSIONS The study found partial support for the hypotheses that both poor sleep quality and problematic internet use predicted school burnout, intercept only, not the rate of change. The evidence suggests that school burnout increased across high school; however, the rate of increase slowed with age. In contrast to some previous work, study findings highlight the importance of separately considering both poor sleep and problematic internet use in understanding the development of school burnout during adolescence. N = 229.
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13
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McCurry KL, Toda-Thorne K, Taxali A, Angstadt M, Hardi FA, Heitzeg MM, Sripada C. Data-driven, generalizable prediction of adolescent sleep disturbances in the multisite Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae048. [PMID: 38366843 PMCID: PMC11168765 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbances are common in adolescence and associated with a host of negative outcomes. Here, we assess associations between multifaceted sleep disturbances and a broad set of psychological, cognitive, and demographic variables using a data-driven approach, canonical correlation analysis (CCA). METHODS Baseline data from 9093 participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were examined using CCA, a multivariate statistical approach that identifies many-to-many associations between two sets of variables by finding combinations for each set of variables that maximize their correlation. We combined CCA with leave-one-site-out cross-validation across ABCD sites to examine the robustness of results and generalizability to new participants. The statistical significance of canonical correlations was determined by non-parametric permutation tests that accounted for twin, family, and site structure. To assess the stability of the associations identified at baseline, CCA was repeated using 2-year follow-up data from 4247 ABCD Study participants. RESULTS Two significant sets of associations were identified: (1) difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep and excessive daytime somnolence were strongly linked to nearly all domains of psychopathology (r2 = 0.36, p < .0001); (2) sleep breathing disorders were linked to BMI and African American/black race (r2 = 0.08, p < .0001). These associations generalized to unseen participants at all 22 ABCD sites and were replicated using 2-year follow-up data. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore interwoven links between sleep disturbances in early adolescence and psychological, social, and demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aman Taxali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mike Angstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felicia A Hardi
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chandra Sripada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Albakri U, Smeets N, Drotos E, Kant IJ, Gabrio A, Meertens R. Sleep quality and the need for recovery among nurses working irregular shifts: A cross-sectional study. Work 2024:WOR230500. [PMID: 38848155 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work affects the mental and physical health of nurses, yet the effect of working irregular shifts on sleep and its association with the need for recovery is under-explored. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep quality of nurses working irregular shifts, including night shifts, and to determine whether sleep quality is associated with the need for recovery. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 405 nurses working irregular shifts. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, the Sleep-Wake Experience List, sleep problems, sleep duration, and the Need for Recovery scale. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests, logistic and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS Nurses who worked irregular shifts had poor sleep quality. Those who also worked night shifts, had significantly poorer sleep quality and experienced more difficulties in daily functioning than those who did not work night shifts. Sleep quality was significantly associated with the need for recovery and this remained so after controlling for confounding variables (β= .554, p = .001). CONCLUSION The findings indicate that in nurses who work irregular shifts, the sleep quality is low. In this group, the sleep quality in nurses who work night shifts is lower than in nurses who do not work night shifts. Furthermore, better sleep quality was associated with lower need for recovery. These findings suggest that improving sleep quality in nurses working irregular shifts may lower their need for recovery, which may improve health, and reduce burnout and sickness absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthman Albakri
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Smeets
- Department Human Resources. Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Drotos
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - IJmert Kant
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gabrio
- Methodology and Statistics, School for Public Health and Prim Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ree Meertens
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Manley L, Nepomnyaschy L. Exposure to maternal experiences of IPV in early childhood and sleep health in adolescence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106803. [PMID: 38657490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Half of US women will experience intimate partner violence (IPV), and nearly all children in families experiencing such violence will be exposed. The negative effects of IPV exposure on children's mental and physical health are well-documented; however, less is known about effects on children's sleep health, a key marker of well-being. OBJECTIVE This study examines the associations of early childhood exposure to maternal experiences of IPV with sleep health in adolescence, focusing on multiple dimensions of sleep health and differences by child sex. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We rely on data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a population-based study following 5000 children in large US cities, from birth to age 15. Analyses are based on 2687 adolescents interviewed at the year-15 follow-up. METHODS Early childhood exposure to IPV is based on mothers' reports of her experiences of IPV from the child's birth to age 5. Adolescent sleep health is measured using 6 items approximating the BEARS sleep problem scale, at age 15. We estimate multivariate linear regression models to examine associations of early childhood IPV exposure with adolescent sleep health and stratify models by child sex. RESULTS Early childhood IPV exposure is associated with worse overall sleep health (β = 0.08; p < 0.001) and multiple dimensions of poor sleep health in adolescence. Associations are notably stronger among girls than boys. CONCLUSIONS The strong and lasting associations of early childhood exposure to IPV with adolescents' sleep health, particularly among girls, has important consequences for addressing adolescent health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Manley
- Rutgers University, 120 Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
| | - Lenna Nepomnyaschy
- Rutgers University, 120 Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
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16
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Bridgewater JM, Berzenski SR, Doan SN, Yates TM. Early life adversity and adolescent sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3332. [PMID: 37853922 PMCID: PMC11024059 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a reorganization of adolescents' routines, especially their sleep schedules. Utilising 175 caregiver-adolescent dyads, the current study examined associations of biological (e.g., prenatal substance use), environmental (e.g., poverty), and relational (e.g., child maltreatment) subtypes of early life adversity (ELA) with various components of adolescents' sleep across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Relational ELA explained unique variance in adolescents' sleep disturbances, but not other sleep components, following short- and longer-term exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the direction of this association switched such that relational ELA predicted decreased sleep disturbances during the initial phase of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020 beyond pre-pandemic levels, but, over time, contributed to increased sleep disturbances beyond early-pandemic levels as the pandemic extended into the winter of 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stacey N. Doan
- Claremont McKenna College; Department of Psychological Science
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17
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Jakobsson M, Josefsson K, Högberg K. Adolescents' Suggestions on how to Support Their Sleep: A Focus Group Study. J Sch Nurs 2024; 40:275-284. [PMID: 35253523 PMCID: PMC11095053 DOI: 10.1177/10598405221084317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleeping difficulties among adolescents constitute a pressing public health issue, and it is of the utmost importance that these are approached from a health-promotion perspective. This study explores adolescents' suggestions on how their sleep could be supported. Data were collected via eight focus group interviews with 43 adolescents aged 15-16, in Sweden, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results describe the adolescents' suggestions on how their sleep could be supported in three themes: being supported by involved parents- routines, engagement, and warmth are vital; being supported to achieve knowledge on the "whys" and "hows" of sleep-increased knowledge gives the ability to make well-grounded sleep choices; and being guided into finding balance-balance in life is difficult to achieve and adolescents desire support. Parents, school nurses, health professionals, and anyone who has the opportunity to improve and promote sleep should consider adolescents' suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Jakobsson
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Sweden
| | - Karin Josefsson
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Sweden
- Department of Health Science, Karlstad University, Sweden
| | - Karin Högberg
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Sweden
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18
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Ashby C, Driller MW, Suppiah H, O'Donnell S. Sink or Swim? Sleep Patterns in Highly Trained Adolescent Swimmers during the In-Season Phase of Training. Sleep Sci 2024; 17:e176-e184. [PMID: 38846587 PMCID: PMC11152630 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the sleeping patterns of highly-trained adolescent swimmers. Further objectives were to compare subjective and objective measures of sleep and to evaluate the relationship between electronic device use and sleep in this cohort. Methods Fifteen national-level swimmers (age: 16.4 ± 1.0 years) wore wrist actigraphs while completing sleep diaries over a two-week training period. Types of nights were classified as early morning training (≤7am - EARLY), day training (>7am - DAY), and no training (REST). Information on electronic device use before bed and other sleep behaviors was collected via questionnaires. Results Total sleep time (TST) was significantly ( p < 0.05) shorter on nights preceding EARLY (5:53 ± 1:06 hour:min) compared with nights preceding DAY (7:40 ± 1:12 hour:min) and REST (7:59 ± 1:19 hour:min). Participants overestimated subjective TST by ∼54 minutes when compared with objectively measured TST ( p < 0.05). Discussion Adolescent athletes obtained a greater amount of sleep prior to later training the next day or before rest days, when compared with early morning swim training the next day. Adolescents also overestimated their sleep duration by ∼1 hour per night. There were no significant relationships between electronic device use at night and measured sleep indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ashby
- School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Matthew W. Driller
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, Melbourne, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haresh Suppiah
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, Melbourne, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shannon O'Donnell
- School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
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19
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Kim S, Casement MD. Promoting adolescent sleep and circadian function: A narrative review on the importance of daylight access in schools. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:725-737. [PMID: 38616310 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2341156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent sleep disturbances and circadian delays pose significant challenges to mood and daytime functioning. In this narrative review, we explore the impact of light on sleep and highlight the importance of monitoring and managing light exposure in adolescents throughout the day and night. The benefits of daylight exposure in mitigating sleep and circadian disruptions are well-established; however, interventions targeting access to daylight in adolescents remain understudied and underutilized. The primary aim of this narrative review is to bring attention to this gap in the literature and propose the need for institutional-level interventions that promote access to daylight, especially considering adolescents' early school start times and substantial time spent indoors on weekdays. School-led interventions, such as active commuting to school and outdoor curriculums, have promising effects on sleep and circadian rhythms. Additionally, practical measures to optimize natural light in classrooms, including managing blinds and designing conducive environments, should also be considered. While future studies are necessary to facilitate the implementation of interventions, the potential for these school-level interventions to support adolescent sleep health is evident. Aiming for integration of individual-level regulation and institutional-level intervention of light exposure is necessary for optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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20
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Bartlett GR, Magson NM, Richardson CE, Rapee RM, Fardouly J, Oar EL. The meditating role of sleep in the longitudinal associations between peer victimization and internalizing symptoms: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:878-892. [PMID: 36855808 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of heightened vulnerability for both peer victimization (PV) and internalizing symptoms. While the positive association between them is well established, there is little understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this relationship. To address this gap, the current study aimed to investigate sleep hygiene and school night sleep duration as individual and sequential mediators of the relationship between PV and both depressive and social anxiety symptoms during pre- to mid-adolescence. The study drew upon a community sample of 528 Australian youth aged 10-12 years at baseline (M age = 11.19, SD = .55; 51.1% boys) and data were collected over five annual measurement occasions. Direct and indirect longitudinal and bidirectional associations were examined using cross-lagged panel analysis. There was no evidence of sequential mediation through both sleep hygiene and sleep duration to depression and social anxiety. Instead, the findings show that sleep hygiene mediated the prospective association between PV and both depressive and social anxiety symptoms, and between PV and sleep duration. Overall, sleep hygiene represents a modifiable transdiagnostic factor that can be targeted to break the cycle of PV, inadequate sleep, and internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian R Bartlett
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Natasha M Magson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Cele E Richardson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, Centre for Sleep Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jasmine Fardouly
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ella L Oar
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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21
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Rabiei M, Masoumi SJ, Haghani M, Nematolahi S, Rabiei R, Mortazavi SMJ. Do blue light filter applications improve sleep outcomes? A study of smartphone users' sleep quality in an observational setting. Electromagn Biol Med 2024; 43:107-116. [PMID: 38461462 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2327432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to blue light at bedtime, suppresses melatonin secretion, postponing the sleep onset and interrupting the sleep process. Some smartphone manufacturers have introduced night-mode functions, which have been claimed to aid in improving sleep quality. In this study, we evaluate the impact of blue light filter application on decreasing blue light emissions and improving sleep quality. Participants in this study recorded the pattern of using their mobile phones through a questionnaire. In order to evaluate sleep quality, we used a PSQI questionnaire. Blue light filters were used by 9.7% of respondents, 9.7% occasionally, and 80% never. The mean score of PSQI was more than 5 in 54.10% of the participants and less than 5 in 45.90%. ANOVA test was performed to assess the relationship between using blue light filter applications and sleep quality (p-value = 0.925). The findings of this study indicate a connection between the use of blue light filter apps and habitual sleep efficiency in the 31-40 age group. However, our results align only to some extent with prior research, as we did not observe sustained positive effects on all parameters of sleep quality from the long-term use of blue light filtering apps. Several studies have found that blue light exposure can suppress melatonin secretion, exacerbating sleep problems. Some studies have reported that physical blue light filters, such as lenses, can affect melatonin secretion and improve sleep quality. However, the impact of blue light filtering applications remains unclear and debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziye Rabiei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalil Masoumi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Center for Cohort Study of SUMS Employees' Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nematolahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Reza Rabiei
- Educational science expert, Department of Education, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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Bauducco SV, Gardner LA, Champion K, Newton N, Gradisar M. It's past your bedtime, but does it matter anymore? How longitudinal changes in bedtime rules relate to adolescents' sleep. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13940. [PMID: 37192612 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how changing or maintaining parent-set bedtimes over time relates to adolescents' sleep timing, latency, and duration. Adolescents (n = 2509; Mage = 12.6 [0.5] years; 47% m) self-reported their sleep patterns, and whether they had parent-set bedtimes on two separate occasions in 2019 (T1; 12.6 years) and 2020 (T2; 13.7 years). We identified four groups based on parent-set bedtimes: (1) bedtime rules at both T1 and T2 (46%, n = 1155), (2) no bedtime rules at T1 nor T2 (26%, n = 656), (3) bedtime rules at T1 but not T2 (19%, n = 472), (4) no bedtime rules at T1 but a parent-set bedtime at T2 (9%, n = 226). As expected, the entire sample showed that bedtimes generally became later and sleep duration shorter across adolescence, but the change differed among the groups. Adolescents whose parents introduced bedtime rules at T2 reported earlier bedtimes and longer sleep duration (~20 min) compared with adolescents with no bedtime rules at T2. Importantly, they no longer differed from adolescents who consistently had bedtimes across T1 and T2. There was no significant interaction for sleep latency, which declined at a similar rate for all groups. These results are the first to suggest that maintaining or re-introducing a parent-set bedtime may be possible and beneficial for adolescents' sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Bauducco
- School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - L A Gardner
- The Matilda Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Champion
- The Matilda Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Gradisar
- Sleep Cycle, Gothenburg, Sweden
- WINK Sleep, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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23
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Reichenberger DA, Master L, Mathew GM, Snyder CK, Buxton OM, Hale L, Chang AM. Interactive Screen-Based Activities Predict Worse Actigraphic Sleep Health That Night Among Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:774-781. [PMID: 38099901 PMCID: PMC10960697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the micro-longitudinal effects of duration and timing of screen-based activities on sleep within and between adolescents. METHODS Daily survey and actigraphy data from the age 15 wave of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Four hundred seventy five adolescents provided three or more days of valid daily survey and nighttime sleep data. RESULTS Within-person results showed that on days when adolescents played video games more than their daytime average ± SE (1.3 ± 1.2 hours), sleep onset (6 ± 2 minutes, p < .01) and midpoint (4 ± 2 minutes, p < .02) were delayed for each additional hour of gaming. Between-person results showed that for each hour adolescents used screens to communicate with friends across the day, sleep onset was later (11 ± 3 minutes, p < .01), sleep midpoint was later (8 ± 3 minutes, p < .01), and sleep duration was shorter (-5 ± 2 minutes, p < .03). Adolescents who used screens to communicate with friends or play video games in the hour before bed had later sleep onset (30 ± 14 minutes, p < .03) and midpoint (25 ± 13 minutes, p < .05). DISCUSSION Among adolescents, passive screen usage such as browsing the Internet or watching videos may not affect sleep timing or duration, but limiting interactive screen-based activities could protect adolescent sleep health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Reichenberger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
| | - Lindsay Master
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Gina Marie Mathew
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Cynthia K Snyder
- Department of Nursing, Pennsylvania College of Health Sciences, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Hale
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Anne-Marie Chang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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24
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Heemskerk DM, Busch V, Piotrowski JT, Waterlander WE, Renders CM, van Stralen MM. A system dynamics approach to understand Dutch adolescents' sleep health using a causal loop diagram. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 38519989 PMCID: PMC10958857 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy sleep is crucial for the physical and mental wellbeing of adolescents. However, many adolescents suffer from poor sleep health. Little is known about how to effectively improve adolescent sleep health as it is shaped by a complex adaptive system of many interacting factors. This study aims to provide insights into the system dynamics underlying adolescent sleep health and to identify impactful leverage points for sleep health promotion interventions. METHODS Three rounds of single-actor workshops, applying Group Model Building techniques, were held with adolescents (n = 23, 12-15 years), parents (n = 14) and relevant professionals (n = 26). The workshops resulted in a multi-actor Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) visualizing the system dynamics underlying adolescent sleep health. This CLD was supplemented with evidence from the literature. Subsystems, feedback loops and underlying causal mechanisms were identified to understand overarching system dynamics. Potential leverage points for action were identified applying the Action Scales Model (ASM). RESULTS The resulting CLD comprised six subsystems around the following themes: (1) School environment; (2) Mental wellbeing; (3) Digital environment; (4) Family & Home environment; (5) Health behaviors & Leisure activities; (6) Personal system. Within and between these subsystems, 16 reinforcing and 7 balancing feedback loops were identified. Approximately 60 potential leverage points on different levels of the system were identified as well. CONCLUSIONS The multi-actor CLD and identified system dynamics illustrate the complexity of adolescent sleep health and supports the need for developing a coherent package of activities targeting different leverage points at all system levels to induce system change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique M Heemskerk
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Healthy Living, Public Health Service (GGD), Sarphati Amsterdam, City of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent Busch
- Department of Healthy Living, Public Health Service (GGD), Sarphati Amsterdam, City of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica T Piotrowski
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research ASCoR, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Waterlander
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carry M Renders
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje M van Stralen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hasler BP, Schulz CT, Pedersen SL. Sleep-Related Predictors of Risk for Alcohol Use and Related Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:02. [PMID: 38500552 PMCID: PMC10948113 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence supports sleep and circadian rhythms as influencing alcohol use and the course of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Studying sleep/circadian-alcohol associations during adolescence and young adulthood may be valuable for identifying sleep/circadian-related approaches to preventing and/or treating AUD. This paper reviews current evidence for prospective associations between sleep/circadian factors and alcohol involvement during adolescence and young adulthood with an emphasis on the effects of sleep/circadian factors on alcohol use. SEARCH METHODS The authors conducted a literature search in PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science using the search terms "sleep" and "alcohol" paired with "adolescent" or "adolescence" or "young adult" or "emerging adult," focusing on the title/abstract fields, and restricting to English-language articles. Next, the search was narrowed to articles with a prospective/longitudinal or experimental design, a sleep-related measure as a predictor, an alcohol-related measure as an outcome, and confirming a primarily adolescent and/or young adult sample. This step was completed by a joint review of candidate article abstracts by two of the authors. SEARCH RESULTS The initial search resulted in 720 articles. After review of the abstracts, the list was narrowed to 27 articles reporting on observational longitudinal studies and three articles reporting on intervention trials. Noted for potential inclusion were 35 additional articles that reported on studies with alcohol-related predictors and sleep-related outcomes, and/or reported on candidate moderators or mediators of sleep-alcohol associations. Additional articles were identified via review of relevant article reference lists and prior exposure based on the authors' previous work in this area. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Overall, the review supports a range of sleep/circadian characteristics during adolescence and young adulthood predicting the development of alcohol use and/or alcohol-related problems. Although sleep treatment studies in adolescents and young adults engaging in regular and/or heavy drinking show that sleep can be improved in those individuals, as well as potentially reducing alcohol craving and alcohol-related consequences, no studies in any age group have yet demonstrated that improving sleep reduces drinking behavior. Notable limitations include relatively few longitudinal studies and only two experimental studies, insufficient consideration of different assessment timescales (e.g., day-to-day vs. years), insufficient consideration of the multidimensional nature of sleep, a paucity of objective measures of sleep and circadian rhythms, and insufficient consideration of how demographic variables may influence sleep/circadian-alcohol associations. Examining such moderators, particularly those related to minoritized identities, as well as further investigation of putative mechanistic pathways linking sleep/circadian characteristics to alcohol outcomes, are important next steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina T Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah L Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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26
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Nakie G, Takelle GM, Rtbey G, Andualem F, Tinsae T, Kassa MA, Tadesse G, Fentahun S, Wassie YA, Segon T, Kibralew G, Melkam M. Sleep quality and associated factors among university students in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1370757. [PMID: 38559402 PMCID: PMC10979362 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1370757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Poor sleep quality significantly impacts academic performance in university students. However, inconsistent and inconclusive results were found in a study on sleep among university students in several African nations. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality among university students in Africa. Methods The databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, African Journal Online, and Google Scholar were searched to identify articles. A total of 35 primary articles from 11 African countries were assessed and included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Data were extracted by using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. The I2 test was used to assess the statistical heterogeneity. A random effect meta-analysis model was employed with 95% confidence intervals. Funnel plots analysis and Egger regression tests were used to check the presence of publication bias. A subgroup analysis and a sensitivity analysis were done. Results A total of 16,275 study participants from 35 studies were included in this meta-analysis and systematic review. The overall pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality among university students in Africa was 63.31% (95% CI: 56.91-65.71) I2 = 97.2. The subgroup analysis shows that the combined prevalence of poor sleep quality in East, North, West, and South Africa were 61.31 (95% CI: 56.91-65.71), 62.23 (95% CI: 54.07-70.39), 54.43 (95% CI: 47.39-61.48), and 69.59 (95% CI: 50.39-88.80) respectively. Being stressed (AOR= 2.39; 95% CI: 1.63 to 3.51), second academic year (AOR= 3.10; 95% CI: 2.30 to 4.19), use of the electronic device at bedtime (AOR= 3.97 95% CI: 2.38 to 6.61)) and having a comorbid chronic illness (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.08, 6.82) were factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion This study shows that there is a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among university students in Africa. Being stressed, in the second year, using electronic devices at bedtime, and having chronic illness were factors associated with poor sleep quality. Therefore, addressing contributing factors and implementing routine screenings are essential to reduce the burden of poor sleep quality. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023493140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gidey Rtbey
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantahun Andualem
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Techilo Tinsae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Awoke Kassa
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Gebresilassie Tadesse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Setegn Fentahun
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yilkal Abebaw Wassie
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Segon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Getasew Kibralew
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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27
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Crowe K, Spiro-Levitt C. Sleep-Related Problems and Pediatric Anxiety Disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2024; 47:213-228. [PMID: 38302208 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Sleep-related problems are highly prevalent among childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders. The objective of this review was to summarize the relevant clinical research literature as it pertains to the nature of the association between sleep-related problems and youth anxiety, developmental factors relevant to this association, and intervention efforts to target comorbid sleep challenges and anxiety. Limitations of the literature and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Crowe
- Home for Anxiety, Repetitive Behaviors, OCD, and Related Disorders (HARBOR), 1518 Walnut Street, Suite 1506, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Carolyn Spiro-Levitt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at New York University (NYU) Langone, 1 Park Avenue, Seventh Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
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28
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Kaubrys M, Mischel E, Frazier P. Examining mediators of the association between child maltreatment and sleep disturbance in college students. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106698. [PMID: 38401368 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has been associated with poorer mental and physical health across the lifespan, including disrupted sleep. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess four potential mediators of the association between child maltreatment and sleep in a sample of college students: daily rumination, perceptions of control over stressors, sleep hygiene, and distress. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING University students (N = 234) completed self-report measures online. METHODS Childhood maltreatment was assessed at baseline and rumination, perceived control, sleep hygiene, and distress were assessed daily for 14 days and aggregated across days. Structural equation models were used to test hypotheses. The hypothesized model was compared to an alternate path reversal model. RESULTS Maltreatment was significantly associated with greater sleep disturbance (β = 0.17, p < .05). Of the mediators, only sleep hygiene partially mediated the association between maltreatment and sleep (β = 0.07, p < .01). The alternate path reversal model demonstrated that sleep disturbances mediated the relation between child maltreatment and sleep hygiene (β = 0.11, p < .001) and perceived control (β = 0.07, p < .05), and sleep disturbances partially mediated the relation between maltreatment and distress (β = 0.10, p < .01) and rumination (β = 0.09, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Sleep hygiene may be implicated in the long-term health effects of child maltreatment. Further, sleep hygiene interventions may be useful for improving sleep among college students who have experienced maltreatment, and targeting students' sleep may have benefits for students' cognition and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie Kaubrys
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States
| | - Emily Mischel
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States
| | - Patricia Frazier
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, United States.
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29
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Peltz J, Zhang L, Sasser J, Oshri A, Doane LD. The Influence of Pubertal Development on Early Adolescent Sleep and Changes in Family Functioning. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:459-471. [PMID: 37816912 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Pubertal development has been separately linked to adolescents' sleep problems and larger family functioning, but research connecting these inter-related processes remains sparse. This study aimed to examine how pubertal status and tempo were related to early adolescents' sleep and their family functioning. Using longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, the study's sample (N = 4682) was 49.2% female, was an average of 9.94 years old at baseline, and was 60.1% white. Analyses in the current study modeled the indirect associations between pubertal change and changes in family conflict via adolescent sleep duration and variability of duration. The results suggested that pubertal status and tempo predicted shorter adolescent sleep durations and greater variability in those durations, which predicted residual increases in family conflict. The findings highlight the role of adolescents' pubertal changes in their sleep and how such changes can negatively affect family functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Peltz
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York (SUNY) at Brockport, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA.
| | - Linhao Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, Greece
| | - Jeri Sasser
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, Greece
| | - Leah D Doane
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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30
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Huang WY, Feng J, Zheng C, Jiao J, Wong SHS. Associations of social jetlag with physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13997. [PMID: 37443521 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and daytime movement behaviours occur co-dependently with each other within a finite 24 h day. Sleep parameters other than sleep duration, such as social jetlag and chronotype, have been linked to health problems and unhealthy behaviours among children and adolescents. Given the increasing number of studies examining sleep timing/chronotype and weight-related behaviours, including physical activity and sedentary behaviour, in the past decade, this systematic review and meta-analysis collated and evaluated the evidence on the relationships of social jetlag and chronotype with physical activity and sedentary behaviour among children and adolescents aged 3-17 years. Seven databases were searched on 16 March 2022, and 52 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion, 47 of which were suitable for the meta-analysis. A positive association was found between social jetlag and screen media use (r = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04-0.24; I2 = 96%; p = 0.008). The morning chronotype was associated with a higher level of physical activity and a lower level of sedentary behaviour than the evening chronotype. No relationship was found between social jetlag and physical activity. The magnitude of heterogeneity among the included studies was high. Further experimental studies are urgently required to understand how circadian preference or misalignment affects activity behaviours. Interventions to promote an active lifestyle in young populations should consider their circadian preference, especially among individuals with the evening chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Y Huang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Dr Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen H S Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Vézina-Im LA, Beaulieu D, Turcotte S, Turcotte AF, Delisle-Martel J, Labbé V, Lessard L, Gingras M. Association between Beverage Consumption and Sleep Quality in Adolescents. Nutrients 2024; 16:285. [PMID: 38257178 PMCID: PMC10819752 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify if the consumption of different beverages (such as water, 100% pure fruit juice, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)) is associated with adolescents' sleep quality. French-speaking adolescents were recruited in person and online throughout the province of Québec (Canada) from the end of March to early July 2023. Beverage consumption and sleep quality were measured using French versions of validated questionnaires specifically designed for adolescents. A total of 218 adolescents (14-17 years; 55.5% female) completed the online survey. Among caffeinated SSBs, energy drink (rs = -0.16; p = 0.0197) and sugar-sweetened coffee (rs = -0.33; p < 0.0001) intake was correlated with adolescents' sleep quality. Energy drink consumption (β = -0.0048; p = 0.0005) and being male (β = 0.6033; p < 0.0001) were associated with adolescents' sleep quality. There was an interaction between sugar-sweetened coffee intake and biological sex that was associated with adolescents' sleep quality (p = 0.0053). Sugar-sweetened coffee consumption was correlated with adolescent girls' abilities to go to bed (rs = -0.21; p = 0.0203) and fall asleep (rs = -0.28; p = 0.0020), while in boys, it was only significantly correlated with their abilities to go to bed (rs = -0.27; p = 0.0069). Public health interventions aimed at adolescent boys should primarily target lowering energy drink consumption, while those aimed at girls should prioritize sugar-sweetened coffee intake to possibly improve their sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada; (D.B.); (J.D.-M.); (L.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
| | - Dominique Beaulieu
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada; (D.B.); (J.D.-M.); (L.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
- Collectif de Recherche sur la Santé en Région, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada
- Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, 2400 Avenue D’Estimauville, Québec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
| | - Anne-Frédérique Turcotte
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
| | - Joannie Delisle-Martel
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada; (D.B.); (J.D.-M.); (L.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
- Collectif de Recherche sur la Santé en Région, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada
| | - Valérie Labbé
- CHAU-Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada;
| | - Lily Lessard
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Campus de Lévis, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada; (D.B.); (J.D.-M.); (L.L.)
- Centre de Recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 143 Rue Wolfe, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada; (S.T.); (A.-F.T.)
- Collectif de Recherche sur la Santé en Région, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada
- Chaire Interdisciplinaire sur la Santé et les Services Sociaux pour les Populations Rurales, 1595 Boulevard Alphonse-Desjardins, Lévis, QC G6V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mariane Gingras
- Direction de Santé Publique, CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, 55 Rue du Mont-Marie, Lévis, QC G6V 0B8, Canada;
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Olaithe M, Richardson C, Ree M, Hartung K, Wylde T, Bucks R. Sleep in young people: What works now and where to? A meta-review of behavioural and cognitive interventions and lifestyle factors. Behav Sleep Med 2024; 22:58-75. [PMID: 36854653 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2023.2182305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) Systematically review meta-analyses and systematic reviews that (a) explored health/lifestyle factors affecting sleep, and/or (b) investigated behavioral/psychological sleep interventions in young people (10-25-years); 2) Evaluate the quality of published literature, and, if an intervention; 3) Examine method and effectiveness of mode of delivery, to inform current clinical practice and research direction. METHOD A systematic search of Embase (n = 45), MEDLINE (n = 67), Web of Science (n = 375), Google Scholar (n = 138), and hand-searching was conducted. After full review, 12 papers were selected, 2 systematic reviews without, and 10 with, meta-analyses. Six examined associations between sleep and lifestyle/health, and six examined cognitive-behavioral (n = 4), or school education (n = 2), programs. RESULTS Electronic media use, type of day (week/end), sex, age, culture/geographical location, substance use, family environment, and evening light exposure were negatively associated with sleep, in young people. Only cognitive and/or behavioral interventions of at least 2 × 1-hr sessions improved sleep. CONCLUSION This paper informs sleep recommendations for young people and advises that ≥ 2 × 1-hr sessions of cognitive behavioral or behavioral therapy is the minimum to improve sleep in young people. School-based sleep interventions do not produce long-term change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Olaithe
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
| | - Cele Richardson
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
| | - Melissa Ree
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
| | - Kasey Hartung
- Health Promotion Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
| | - Tricia Wylde
- Health Promotion Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
| | - Romola Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, PerthAustralia
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Sanders T, Noetel M, Parker P, Del Pozo Cruz B, Biddle S, Ronto R, Hulteen R, Parker R, Thomas G, De Cocker K, Salmon J, Hesketh K, Weeks N, Arnott H, Devine E, Vasconcellos R, Pagano R, Sherson J, Conigrave J, Lonsdale C. An umbrella review of the benefits and risks associated with youths' interactions with electronic screens. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:82-99. [PMID: 37957284 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of electronic screens on the health of children and adolescents and their education is not well understood. In this prospectively registered umbrella review (PROSPERO identifier CRD42017076051 ), we harmonized effects from 102 meta-analyses (2,451 primary studies; 1,937,501 participants) of screen time and outcomes. In total, 43 effects from 32 meta-analyses met our criteria for statistical certainty. Meta-analyses of associations between screen use and outcomes showed small-to-moderate effects (range: r = -0.14 to 0.33). In education, results were mixed; for example, screen use was negatively associated with literacy (r = -0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.20 to -0.09, P ≤ 0.001, k = 38, N = 18,318), but this effect was positive when parents watched with their children (r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.28, P = 0.028, k = 12, N = 6,083). In health, we found evidence for several small negative associations; for example, social media was associated with depression (r = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.19, P ≤ 0.001, k = 12, N = 93,740). Limitations of our review include the limited number of studies for each outcome, medium-to-high risk of bias in 95 out of 102 included meta-analyses and high heterogeneity (17 out of 22 in education and 20 out of 21 in health with I2 > 50%). We recommend that caregivers and policymakers carefully weigh the evidence for potential harms and benefits of specific types of screen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren Sanders
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Michael Noetel
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Stuart Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Scienchresholds for statistical credibilites, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rimante Ronto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan Hulteen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rhiannon Parker
- The Centre for Social Impact, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George Thomas
- The Health and Wellbeing Centre for Research Innovation, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Department of Movement and Sport Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Weeks
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugh Arnott
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Devine
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roberta Vasconcellos
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pagano
- School of Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie Sherson
- School of Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Conigrave
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang AL, Lin RZ, Landes EK, Ensing AE, Getahun H, Lieu JEC. Fatigue and Quality of Life in Children with Hearing Loss or Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:443-451. [PMID: 37265242 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the fatigue levels of children with hearing loss (HL) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), hypothesizing that the fatigue experienced by children with HL is under-recognized. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS We identified children aged 2-18 with HL, OSA, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and controls from a pediatric otolaryngology clinic and sleep center. Children and/or parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (PedsQL MFS), Hearing Environments And Reflection on Quality of Life (HEAR-QL), and OSA-18. RESULTS Responses of 50 children with HL, 79 with OSA, and 18 with SDB were compared with those of 49 recruited controls (RC) and literature controls (LC). Children with HL or OSA had higher fatigue than controls in the PedsQL MFS self-reported (HL 65.4, OSA 54.7, RC 71.8, LC 80.5, p < 0.001) and parent-reported (HL 64.6, OSA 59.3, RC 75.2, LC 89.6, p < 0.001). Children with HL had Cognitive Fatigue similar to that of children with OSA (self 60.4 vs. 49.5, p = 0.170; parent 56.0 vs. 56.7, p = 0.998), though with decreased Sleep/Rest Fatigue (self 67.8 vs. 56.3, p = 0.033; parent 69.8 vs. 57.5, p = 0.001). Children with HL or OSA had lower disease-related quality of life (QOL) than controls in the HEAR-QL and OSA-18, respectively. Stratification with disease severity revealed no differences in fatigue. CONCLUSION Children with HL or OSA experience higher fatigue and lower QOL than controls. Similar Cognitive Fatigue in both groups suggests under-recognized fatigue in children with HL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:443-451, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebecca Z Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Emma K Landes
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amy E Ensing
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Henok Getahun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Judith E C Lieu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Zhu Y, Meng R, Jiang C, Yang N, Huang M, Wang X, Zou W, Lou C, Xiao R, Lu J, Xu J, Jiménez-Correa U, Ma H, Spruyt K, Dzierzewski JM. Sleep quality and subjective well-being in healthcare students: examining the role of anxiety and depression. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1281571. [PMID: 38213643 PMCID: PMC10784115 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1281571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Sleep issues, negative emotions, and health conditions are commonly co-occurring, whereas their associations among healthcare students have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to examine whether anxiety and depression mediate the relationship between sleep quality and subjective well-being in healthcare students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Chinese healthcare students (N = 348). A battery of paper-and-pencil questionnaires-the Sleep Quality Questionnaire (SQQ), World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) were applied. Descriptive analysis with means (standard deviations) and counts (proportions), Spearman correlation analysis between the SQQ, WHO-5, and PHQ-4, and mediation analysis via structural equation models were performed. Results Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant associations between sleep quality, anxiety and depression, and well-being among healthcare students. Mediation analysis identified that poor sleep quality produced relatively low levels of self-reported well-being, which were entirely attributable to anxiety and depression. Conclusion Sleep quality was associated with subjective well-being, and this interrelationship was fully mediated by anxiety and depression. Interventions aimed at promoting sleep quality of healthcare students may contribute to promoting their well-being by reducing anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Runtang Meng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Mobile Health Management System, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nongnong Yang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyi Huang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Zou
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Lou
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruohan Xiao
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiale Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ulises Jiménez-Correa
- Sleep Disorders Clinic, Research Division, Medicine Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Haiyan Ma
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Mobile Health Management System, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Karen Spruyt
- Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot, INSERM, Paris, France
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Liu W, Wang D, Fan Y, Ye H, Bu L, Fan F. Changes in sleep disturbance among Chinese adolescents: A population-based online survey. J Psychosom Res 2023; 175:111515. [PMID: 37856932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep disturbance is prevalent among adolescents but little is known about the short-term changes among Chinese adolescents. The study aimed to explore the prevalence and change patterns of sleep disturbance and identify its risk and protective factors. METHODS Data were collected online from April 21st to May 12th, 2021 (Time 1, T1) and December 17th to 26th, 2021 (Time 2, T2). The final sample comprised 34,260 adolescents. Self-administrated questionnaires were used to assess socio-demographic variables, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, life events, family function, and resilience. RESULTS The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 12.0% at T1 and 11.8% at T2, with higher rates in females than males. Four groups of sleep disturbance change patterns were identified: non-sleep disturbance group (80.4%), persistent group (4.2%), new-onset group (7.6%), and remission group (7.8%). Risk factors for new-onset sleep disturbance included being in junior high school (AOR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.15-1.38), family history of mental disorders (AOR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.03-2.15), and moderate (AOR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.13-1.36) and severe (AOR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.27-1.72) family dysfunction. Risk factors for persistent sleep disturbance included being in junior (AOR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.08-1.45) and senior (AOR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.15-2.03) high school, parental currently unmarried status (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.05-1.73), moderate (AOR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.02-1.39) and severe (AOR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.06-1.55) family dysfunction. Medium (AOR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.43-0.53) and high (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.29-0.40) levels of resilience were protective factors against new-onset sleep disturbance, as well as against persistent sleep disturbance (medium level: AOR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.43-0.60; high level: AOR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.25-0.43). CONCLUSIONS Interventions aimed at promoting family functions and enhancing resilience may improve sleep disturbance among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Liu
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunge Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxian Ye
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luowei Bu
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zeghari R, Gindt M, Guivarch J, Auby P, Robert P, Rolling J, Schröder C, Valo P, Askenazy F, Fernandez A. July 14th 2016 Nice Terrorist Attack Court Trial: A Protocol on Sleep Quality and Somatic Symptoms as Markers of Risk for Traumatic Reactivation in Adolescents Exposed to This Attack. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2953. [PMID: 37998445 PMCID: PMC10671086 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The court trial of the 14th of July 2016 terrorist attack in Nice (France) opened in September 2022 and ended in December 2022. Engaging in court proceedings, whether as a victim or a witness, can lead to a significant risk of traumatic reactivation (i.e., the re-emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms). The present protocol aimed to improve knowledge of the pathophysiology of traumatic reactivation due to the media coverage of the trial by assessing sleep disturbances and somatic symptoms that could reappear if there is a traumatic reactivation. Method and Analysis: This is a monocentric longitudinal study, with recruitment solely planned at the Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC). We intended to include 100 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who were directly or indirectly exposed to the attack and included in the "14-7" program). Assessments began one month before the trial, in August 2022, and were scheduled once a month until the end of the trial. A smartwatch recorded sleep activity. Somatic and PTSD symptoms and sleep were assessed through validated questionnaires. The main analyses comprised the variance and regression analyses of predictors of clinical evolution over time. Ethics and Dissemination: The National Ethics Committee "NORD OUEST III" approved the "14-7" program protocol (number 2017-A02212-51). The specific amendment for this research was approved in April 2022 by the same national ethical committee. Inclusions started in August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radia Zeghari
- Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques Universitaires Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Morgane Gindt
- Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques Universitaires Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Jokthan Guivarch
- Department of Child Psychiatry, APHM, 13009 Marseille, France;
- CANOP Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Auby
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Philippe Robert
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Julie Rolling
- Regional Center for Psychotraumatism Great East, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UPR3212-Research Team “Light, Circadian Rhythms, Sleep Homeostasis and Neuropsychiatry”, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Excellence Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders STRAS&ND, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Sleep Disorders Centre & International Research Centre for ChronoSomnology (Circsom), University Hospitals Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Carmen Schröder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UPR3212-Research Team “Light, Circadian Rhythms, Sleep Homeostasis and Neuropsychiatry”, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Excellence Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders STRAS&ND, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Sleep Disorders Centre & International Research Centre for ChronoSomnology (Circsom), University Hospitals Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Expert Centre for High-Functioning Autism, Fondation FondaMental, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Petri Valo
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Florence Askenazy
- Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques Universitaires Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Fernandez
- Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques Universitaires Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
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Leahy AA, Diallo TMO, Eather N, Duncan MJ, Smith JJ, Morgan PJ, Lubans DR. Mediating effects of sleep on mental health in older adolescents: Findings from the Burn 2 Learn randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2369-2380. [PMID: 37555440 PMCID: PMC10946941 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study explored the mediating effect of sleep-related variables on older adolescents' mental health in the context of a school-based physical activity intervention. METHODS We evaluated the Burn 2 Learn (B2L) intervention using a cluster randomized controlled trial, which included two cohorts. Participants for this sub-study were from the second cohort, which included 292 older adolescents (16.0 ± 0.5 years) from 10 secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Teachers at intervention schools delivered two high-intensity activity breaks (approximately 10 mins) per week to students during academic lessons. Participants completed measures of mental health (i.e., perceived stress and internalizing problems) and hypothesized mediators (i.e., sleep duration, sleep latency, awakenings, and daytime sleepiness) at baseline (February-April 2019) and post-intervention (August-September 2019). Single mediation analyses were conducted to explore the potential mediating effects of sleep variables on mental health outcomes using a product-of-coefficient test. RESULTS We observed a small statistically significant effect for perceived stress (β = -0.11, SE = 0.034, p = 0.002), but not for internalizing problems (β = 0.02, SE = 0.051, p = 0.760). There were no significant intervention effects for sleep-related variables. Several sleep-related variables were associated with mental health outcomes but no mediated effects were found. CONCLUSION The B2L intervention had a small beneficial effect on perceived stress, however our mediation analyses suggest this was not explained by changes in sleep-related variables. Markers of sleep were associated with mental health constructs, highlighting the importance of sleep for good psychological health. However, in the context of a physical activity intervention, effects on mental health may be driven by other behavioral, neurobiological, or psychosocial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus A Leahy
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thierno M O Diallo
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Narelle Eather
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J Morgan
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Basta M, Skourti E, Simos P, Soumaki E, Li Y, Gerostergios G, Samiotakis G, Dafermos V, Drakaki M, Papadakis N, Vgontzas AN. Associations between sleep complaints, suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults in Greece. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13900. [PMID: 37039423 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Depression prevalence increases significantly during adolescence/early adulthood. Depression in youth may present suicidal ideation, while suicide represents the leading cause of death in this age group. Moreover, adolescents/young adults frequently report sleep complaints that may partially be due to depressive symptoms. Studies on the associations between depression, sleep complaints and suicidality in this age group are limited. We aimed to examine associations between depressive symptoms, sleep complaints and suicidal ideation in a large (n = 2771), representative sample of adolescents (age: 15-17 years, n = 512) and young adults (age: 18-24 years, n = 2259) from the general population in Greece. A telephone structured questionnaire was administered. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the modified Patient Health-7 questionnaire score, while presence of suicidal ideation and sleep complaints were assessed using the ninth and third question of Patient Health-9 questionnaire, respectively. Mediation logistic regression analysis revealed significant direct paths from depressive symptoms to sleep complaints (odds ratio [OR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.24; OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.18-1.24) and suicidal ideation (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14-1.22; OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14-1.22), as well as sleep complaints and suicidal ideation (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.32-2.50; OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.33-2.76) in the total group and in young adults, respectively, but not among adolescents. Moreover, we detected a significant indirect effect of depressive symptoms on suicidal ideation mediated by sleep complaints (18.8%) in young adults. These findings support the hypothesis that treatment of sleep disturbances among youth with depression may independently further reduce suicidal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Basta
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - E Skourti
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P Simos
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Computational Biomedicine Lab, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - E Soumaki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Y Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - G Gerostergios
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - G Samiotakis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - V Dafermos
- Department of Political Science, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - M Drakaki
- Department of Political Science, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - N Papadakis
- Department of Political Science, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - A N Vgontzas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Otsuka Y, Itani O, Nakajima S, Kaneko Y, Suzuki M, Kaneita Y. Impact of chronotype, insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, and electronic devices on nonrestorative sleep and daytime sleepiness among Japanese adolescents. Sleep Med 2023; 110:36-43. [PMID: 37531897 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nonrestorative sleep (NRS) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are important indicators of daytime dysfunction. Electronic media use before bedtime greatly affects adolescent sleep quality. However, few studies have examined factors associated with these symptoms. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of chronotype, electronic device use before bedtime, and insomnia symptoms on NRS and EDS in Japanese adolescents. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional survey of 2067 adolescents was conducted in 2022 to mainly assess sleep-related issues (sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia symptoms, NRS, and EDS), time spent using electronic devices, physical activity, and mental health. RESULTS We analyzed data of 1880 adolescents (age, 16.4 ± 0.8 years; males, 56.7%). NRS and EDS prevalence rates were 54.9% and 39.4%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, evening chronotype [odds ratio (OR): 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58-2.89], difficulty initiating sleep (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.43-2.64), <5 h sleep (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.24-2.54), 5-6 h sleep (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.20-1.93), and using electronic devices just before bedtime (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.08-2.04) were associated with NRS. Evening chronotype (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07-1.82), early morning awakening (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02-2.50), using electronic devices just before bedtime (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.48-2.93), and using electronic devices 30 min before bedtime (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.07-2.29) were associated with EDS. CONCLUSION Chronotype may be an important factor influencing NRS and EDS. Discontinuing electronic device use at least 30 min before bedtime could benefit affected adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Otsuka
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabasi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Osamu Itani
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabasi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Suguru Nakajima
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabasi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Oyaguchi-kamicho, 30-1 Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kaneko
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Oyaguchi-kamicho, 30-1 Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, Oyaguchi-kamicho, 30-1 Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kaneita
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabasi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
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Clark KA, Schafer K, Tran NM, Trautman L, McKay T. The role of sleep duration in suicide risk among sexual and gender minority adolescents. Prev Med 2023; 175:107698. [PMID: 37704179 PMCID: PMC10591716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short sleep duration is linked with suicide risk in adolescence. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents experience substantially increased risk for suicide compared to their non-SGM peers. METHODS We investigated the role of sleep duration in SGM adolescent suicide risk using population-based, cross-sectional data from the 2022 Minnesota Student Survey (MSS; N = 85,610, Mage = 14.8). Adolescents reported average school-night sleep duration; those reporting <6 h were classified as having very short sleep duration. The MSS additionally assessed past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Mediation analyses assessed the role of sleep duration in explaining associations between SGM identity and suicide risk. Further, to examine intervention mechanisms, among SGM adolescents (n = 20,171, 23.6%), a logistic regression model assessed associations among demographic factors, perceived parental care, and very short sleep duration. RESULTS As compared to non-SGM adolescents, SGM adolescents reported substantially higher prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and 2.6× higher prevalence of very short sleep duration (all p < 0.001). Mediation analyses demonstrated that very short sleep duration partially mediated the pathway between SGM identity and past-year suicidal ideation (15.5% mediated) and suicide attempt (17.2% mediated). Among SGM adolescents, a striking positive dose-response relationship was observed between level of perceived parental care and very short sleep duration. As perceived parental care decreased, so too did hours of sleep. DISCUSSION Sleep duration is a crucial and understudied mechanism underlying suicide risk disparities affecting SGM adolescents. Family-based interventions may improve SGM adolescent sleep and reduce suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A Clark
- Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America.
| | - Katherine Schafer
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel M Tran
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Lana Trautman
- Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Tara McKay
- Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
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Olorunmoteni OE, Gómez-Olivé FX, Popoola BO, Fatusi AO, Scheuermaier K. Adolescent sleep health in Africa: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067373. [PMID: 37591652 PMCID: PMC10441092 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Problematic sleep is a major threat to health and quality of life among adolescents. Hence, to provide directions for research and interventions, there is a need to examine the literature on adolescent sleep health in Africa. However, available studies on adolescent sleep health in Africa have not been properly mapped. Thus, this scoping review aims to investigate the extent and type of available evidence concerning sleep health among adolescents in Africa and to highlight the relationship of adolescent sleep health with adverse mental health outcomes and cardiometabolic risk factors. The review will further highlight areas of agreement and controversies on adolescent sleep health, and identify evidence gaps that require research attention across the continent. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review will be conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's six-step procedure. Thus, we have prepared this protocol according to the framework for scoping reviews developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. To identify eligible studies, we will search MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, AJOL, JSTOR, HINARI and Google Scholar. The review will include all published articles in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian languages on adolescent sleep health in Africa from the inception of the databases, while relevant information will be extracted from included studies using an adapted data extraction tool. The results will be presented using tables and charts as appropriate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The scoping review does not require ethical approval because the publications to be used for the review are publicly available and the study does not involve contact with humans or other animals as research participants. Furthermore, clinical records will not be used for the study. Upon completion, findings from the study will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings and publication in a relevant peer-reviewed journal. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/5sjwq/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Eunice Olorunmoteni
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - F Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Health and Health Transitions Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Adesegun Olayiwola Fatusi
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Karine Scheuermaier
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Hand AJ, Stone JE, Shen L, Vetter C, Cain SW, Bei B, Phillips AJK. Measuring light regularity: sleep regularity is associated with regularity of light exposure in adolescents. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad001. [PMID: 36625482 PMCID: PMC10424172 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Light is the main time cue for the human circadian system. Sleep and light are intrinsically linked; light exposure patterns can influence sleep patterns and sleep can influence light exposure patterns. However, metrics for quantifying light regularity are lacking, and the relationship between sleep and light regularity is underexplored. We developed new metrics for light regularity and demonstrated their utility in adolescents, across school term and vacation. METHODS Daily sleep/wake and light patterns were measured using wrist actigraphy in 75 adolescents (54% male, 17.17 ± 0.83 years) over 2 weeks of school term and a subsequent 2-week vacation. The Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) and social jetlag were computed for each 2-week block. Light regularity was assessed using (1) variation in mean daily light timing (MLiT); (2) variation in daily photoperiod; and (3) the Light Regularity Index (LRI). Associations between SRI and each light regularity metric were examined, and within-individual changes in metrics were examined between school and vacation. RESULTS Higher SRI was significantly associated with more regular LRI scores during both school and vacation. There were no significant associations of SRI with variation in MLiT or daily photoperiod. Compared to school term, all three light regularity metrics were less variable during the vacation. CONCLUSIONS Light regularity is a multidimensional construct, which until now has not been formally defined. Irregular sleep patterns are associated with lower LRI, indicating that irregular sleepers also have irregular light inputs to the circadian system, which likely contributes to circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Hand
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia E Stone
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lin Shen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sean W Cain
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bei Bei
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J K Phillips
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Duh-Leong C, Fuller AE, Johnson SB, Coble CA, Nagpal N, Gross RS. Social Capital and Sleep Outcomes Across Childhood in United States Families. Acad Pediatr 2023; 23:1226-1233. [PMID: 36641090 PMCID: PMC10333451 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether aspects of social capital, or benefits received from social relationships, are associated with regular bedtime and sleep duration across childhood in US families with lower income. METHODS Cross-sectional study using the 2018-19 National Survey of Children's Health in participants with incomes <400% federal poverty level. Separately for early childhood (0-5 years), school-age (6-12 years), and adolescence (13-17 years), we used weighted logistic regression to examine associations between social capital (measured by family social cohesion, parent social support, child social support) and sleep (measured by regular bedtime, sleep duration, adequate sleep per American of Academy of Sleep guidelines). Path analysis tested whether regular bedtime mediated associations between social capital and sleep duration. RESULTS In our sample (N = 35,438), 84.9% had a regular bedtime, 60.2% had adequate sleep. Family social cohesion was associated with sleep duration and adequate sleep (infancy: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.18 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32, 3.60]; school age: aOR 2.03 [95% CI, 1.57, 2.63]; adolescence: aOR 2.44 [95% CI, 1.94, 3.09]). In toddlerhood, parent social support was associated with adequate sleep (aOR 1.44 [95% CI, 1.06, 1.96]). In adolescence, child social support was associated with regular bedtime (aOR 1.70 [95% CI, 1.25, 2.32]. Across childhood, associations between family social cohesion and sleep duration were partially mediated by regular bedtime. CONCLUSIONS Family social cohesion was associated with adequate sleep across childhood, this was partially mediated by regular bedtime. Associations between social support and sleep outcomes varied by development stage. Future work should consider how supportive relationships may influence child sleep outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Duh-Leong
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (C Duh-Leong, N Nagpal, and RS Gross), New York, NY.
| | - Anne E Fuller
- Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto (AE Fuller), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (SB Johnson), Baltimore, Md
| | - Chanelle A Coble
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (CA Coble), New York, NY
| | - Nikita Nagpal
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (C Duh-Leong, N Nagpal, and RS Gross), New York, NY
| | - Rachel S Gross
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine (C Duh-Leong, N Nagpal, and RS Gross), New York, NY
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45
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Mansolf M, Blackwell CK, Chandran A, Colicino E, Geiger S, Harold G, McEvoy C, Santos HP, Sherlock PR, Bose S, Wright RJ. Caregiver Perceived Stress and Child Sleep Health: An Item-Level Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2023; 32:2558-2572. [PMID: 37662702 PMCID: PMC10473879 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-023-02624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Up to 50% of children and adolescents in the United States (U.S.) experience sleep problems. While existing research suggests that perceived stress in caregivers is associated with poorer sleep outcomes in children, research on this relationship is often limited to infant and early childhood populations; therefore, we investigated this association in school-age children and adolescents. We used cross-sectional caregiver-reported surveys and applied item response theory (IRT) followed by meta-analysis to assess the relationship between caregiver perceived stress and child sleep disturbance, and moderation of this relationship by child age and the presence of a child mental or physical health condition. We analyzed data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, a collaboration of existing pediatric longitudinal cohort studies that collectively contribute a diverse and large sample size ideal for addressing questions related to children's health and consolidating results across population studies. Participants included caregivers of children ages 8 to 16 years from four ECHO cohorts. Caregiver perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and child sleep disturbance was assessed using five sleep-related items from the School-Age version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Increases in caregiver perceived stress and child mental or physical health condition were independently associated with greater sleep disturbance among children. The findings reinforce the importance of accounting for, and potentially intervening on, the broader family context and children's mental and physical health in the interest of improving sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aruna Chandran
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Geiger
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Gordon Harold
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cindy McEvoy
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hudson P. Santos
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Sonali Bose
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Zhong C, Yin X, Fallah-Shorshani M, Islam T, McConnell R, Fruin S, Franklin M. Disparities in greenspace associated with sleep duration among adolescent children in Southern California. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e264. [PMID: 37545810 PMCID: PMC10402945 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
More than half of adolescent children do not get the recommended 8 hours of sleep necessary for optimal growth and development. In adults, several studies have evaluated effects of urban stressors including lack of greenspace, air pollution, noise, nighttime light, and psychosocial stress on sleep duration. Little is known about these effects in adolescents, however, it is known that these exposures vary by socioeconomic status (SES). We evaluated the association between several environmental exposures and sleep in adolescent children in Southern California. Methods In 2010, a total of 1476 Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS) participants in grades 9 and 10 (mean age, 13.4 years; SD, 0.6) completed a questionnaire including topics on sleep and psychosocial stress. Exposures to greenspace, artificial light at night (ALAN), nighttime noise, and air pollution were estimated at each child's residential address, and SES was characterized by maternal education. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for sleep outcomes were estimated by environmental exposure, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, home secondhand smoke, and SES. Results An interquartile range (IQR) increase in greenspace decreased the odds of not sleeping at least 8 hours (odds ratio [OR], 0.86 [95% CI, 0.71, 1.05]). This association was significantly protective in low SES participants (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60, 0.98]) but not for those with high SES (OR, 1.16 [95%CI, 0.80, 1.70]), interaction P = 0.03. Stress mediated 18.4% of the association among low SES participants. Conclusions Residing in urban neighborhoods of greater greenness was associated with improved sleep duration among children of low SES but not higher SES. These findings support the importance of widely reported disparities in exposure and access to greenspace in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Zhong
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaozhe Yin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Masoud Fallah-Shorshani
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Talat Islam
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott Fruin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Meredith Franklin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Statistical Sciences and School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Rocha S, Fuligni A. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent sleep behavior. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101648. [PMID: 37454639 PMCID: PMC10290178 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Restorative sleep is a fundamental component of adolescent wellbeing, and the COVID-19 pandemic presented both challenges and opportunities for adolescents' sleep. In this review, we synthesize emergent themes from the growing scientific evidence for the impact of the pandemic on adolescent sleep behavior across different stages of the pandemic and in different locations around the world. We also highlight the ways in which COVID-19 shaped sleep patterns among college students-a subgroup of adolescents transitioning to emerging adulthood that were particularly impacted by the shift to remote learning. Finally, we discuss variations in the impact according to several potential moderating factors in adolescents' lives and point to areas that require additional longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rocha
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 2311 Psychology Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Andrew Fuligni
- Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, Box 62, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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48
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Richardson CE, Magson NR, Oar EL, Fardouly J, Johnco CJ, Freeman JYA, Rapee RM. A longitudinal investigation of sleep hygiene as a mediator linking parental warmth with adolescent sleep. Sleep 2023; 46:zsac267. [PMID: 36346339 PMCID: PMC10334483 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Parental warmth in adolescence protects sleep in early adulthood, yet the nature, directions, and mechanisms of this association across adolescence are unknown. This study examined parental warmth, adolescent sleep hygiene and sleep outcomes (morning/eveningness, school night sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness) across five annual waves, spanning four years, using a cross-lagged panel design. METHODS Adolescents and one primary caregiver (96% mothers) completed questionnaires assessing parental warmth (child- and parent-report) and adolescent sleep hygiene and sleep (child-report), across five annual waves: Wave 1 (N = 531, Mage = 11.18, SD = 0.56, 51% male), Wave 2 (N = 504, Mage = 12.19, SD = 0.53, 52% male), Wave 3 (N = 478, Mage = 13.19, SD = 0.53, 52% male), Wave 4 (N = 440, Mage = 14.76, SD = 0.47, 51% male), and Wave 5 (N = 422, Mage = 15.75, SD = 0.49, 51% male). RESULTS Greater child-reported parental warmth was indirectly associated with better adolescent sleep (greater morningness, longer school night sleep duration, less sleepiness) through healthier sleep hygiene. The inverse was also often observed. Warmth had a direct relationship with sleep duration and sleepiness, independent of sleep hygiene. Parent-reported parental warmth did not predict, nor was predicted by child-reported adolescent sleep. CONCLUSIONS Parental warmth may protect against developmental changes in adolescent sleep, partially by improving sleep hygiene practices. Similarly, inadequate adolescent sleep may negatively impact parental warmth via deteriorating sleep hygiene. Sleep hygiene emerged as a key mechanism for protecting adolescent sleep and parent-child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cele E Richardson
- Corresponding author: Cele Richardson, University of Western Australia, M304, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australa.
| | - Natasha R Magson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ella L Oar
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jasmine Fardouly
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carly J Johnco
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin Y A Freeman
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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49
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Barley BK, Gao C, Luster T, Porro A, Parizi-Robinson M, Quigley D, Zinke P, Scullin MK. Chronotype in college science students is associated with behavioral choices and can fluctuate across a semester. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:710-724. [PMID: 37080776 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2203251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Many students self-report that they are "night owls," which can result from neurodevelopmental delays in the circadian timing system. However, whether an individual considers themselves to be an evening-type versus a morning-type (self-reported chronotype) may also be influenced by academic demands (e.g. class start times, course load) and behavioral habits (e.g. bedtime social media use, late caffeine consumption, daytime napping). If so, then chronotype should be malleable. We surveyed 858 undergraduate students enrolled in demanding science courses at up to three time points. The survey assessed morning/evening chronotype, global sleep quality, academics, and behavioral habits. Evening and morning-type students showed similar demographics, stress levels, and academic demands. At baseline measurements, relative to morning-types, evening-types showed significantly worse sleep quality and duration as well as 22% greater bedtime social media usage, 27% greater daytime napping duration, and 46% greater likelihood of consuming caffeine after 5pm. These behavioral habits partially mediated the effects of self-reported chronotype on sleep quality/duration, even after controlling for demographic factors. Interestingly, 54 students reported switching from being at least moderate evening-types at baseline to being at least moderate morning-types later in the semester and 56 students showed the reverse pattern (6.3% of students switched from "definitely" one chronotype to the other chronotype). Evening-to-morning "chrono-switchers" consumed less caffeine after 5pm and showed significantly better sleep quantity/quality at the later timepoint. Thus, some students may consider themselves to be night owls in part because they consume caffeine later, take more daytime naps, or use more social media at bedtime. Experimental work is needed to determine whether nudging night owls to behave like morning larks results in better sleep health or academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake K Barley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Chenlu Gao
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor Luster
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Abbye Porro
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Dena Quigley
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Zinke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Michael K Scullin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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50
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Berrutti B, Otero Xavier M, S. Santos I, Matijasevich A, Tovo-Rodrigues L. Sleep Duration in Adolescence and Its Prenatal, Perinatal, and Health Determinants in a Large Population-based Cohort Followed from Birth. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:148-158. [PMID: 37583372 PMCID: PMC10424492 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate sleep duration and its associated factors in adolescents aged 11 years from the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. Methods Sleep duration was assessed using a self-report sleep habits. Independent variables included perinatal, sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics. The associations were estimated using multiple linear regression. Results The mean sleep duration of 3,179 adolescents was 9.3 hour (SD =1.7 hour). Longer sleep duration was associated with lower socioeconomic status at birth (β: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.12; 0.61), lower mother's education level ( p < 0.001), and being female (β: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06; 0.33). Shorter sleep duration was associated with cesarean section delivery (β: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.31; -0.02); having classes in the morning shift (β: -1.38, 95% CI: -1.51; -1.26), and lower terciles of physical activity ( p = 0.04). Conclusions The mean sleep duration observed in this study was consistent with the international recommendations for this age range. Adolescents from lower income families, who are more active, study in shifts other than morning, girls, and those born through vaginal delivery presented higher sleep duration than their counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Berrutti
- Social Medicine Department, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal
University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Otero Xavier
- Social Medicine Department, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal
University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Iná S. Santos
- Social Medicine Department, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal
University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifical
Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Social Medicine Department, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal
University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, Universidade de
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Social Medicine Department, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal
University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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