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Hu M, Nie W, Song J, Wang T, Ye X. Relationship between household financial debt and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study in China. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074024. [PMID: 37730393 PMCID: PMC10514642 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the impacts of household financial debt on depressive symptoms and its possible mediating mechanisms. DESIGN A nationally representative longitudinal study using the ordinary least squares regression model, fixed-effects model, and instrumental variable approach to explore the relationship between household financial debt and depressive symptoms and further using structural equation models and the Bootstrap method to analyse the mediating effects. SETTING The China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database. PARTICIPANTS Three waves of longitudinal data in 2012, 2016, and 2018 from CFPS were used. A total of 103,247 individuals over the age of 18 were included in our study sample. OUTCOME MEASURES Depression symptoms were assessed using an eight-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D8). We summed these eight items to conduct a depressive symptoms index to measure depressive symptoms. RESULTS Among the sample, 35.3% of the households have financial debt, 49.7% of the sample are male, 73.2% of them have rural hukou, and the average age was 46.6. Regression results showed that household financial debt had a negative effect on depressive symptoms (β=0.655, 95% CI 0.602 to 0.707, p<0.01). This result remained robust after using instrumental variables with fixed effects (β=0.483, 95% CI 0.311 to 0.656, p<0.01). Household financial debt could affect depressive symptoms through mediating variables such as working pressure (p<0.05) and life happiness (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Our study showed that household indebtedness in China had a negative effect on depressive symptoms. Also, we found some mediating mechanisms for this effect, which might help provide new guidance for psychological interventions to promote the mental health of indebted residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Hu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihai Nie
- Faculty of Arts & Humanities, Philosophy, Politics and Economics of Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jiru Song
- School of Statistics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Institute for Global Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- LSE-Fudan Research Centre for Global Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Belay GJ, Fentanew M, Belay M, Gobezie M, Bekele G, Getie K, Shiferaw KB, Takele MD, Cherkos K, Zemariam AB. Physical Activity and Its Associated Factors among Patients with Hypertension at Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialised Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073018. [PMID: 37666550 PMCID: PMC10481733 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate evaluation of physical activity for patients with hypertension is important to determine patients' health outcomes and intervention measures. Information about physical activity among patients with hypertension in Ethiopia is not well known. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to assess the physical activity and associated factors among patients with hypertension. STUDY DESIGN An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. STUDY SETTING The study was conducted at the Tertiary Hospital Northwest, Ethiopia. OUTCOME MEASURES Physical activity was assessed by Global Physical Activity Questionnaire as the primary outcome and factors significantly associated with physical activity were secondary outcomes. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred and twenty patients with hypertension took part in the study; among those 233 were men and 187 were women. The study participants were chosen using a systematic random sampling method. SPSS V.20 statistical software was used to analyse the data. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis model, adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI and p value<0.05 were used to identify the associated factors with physical activities. RESULTS Our study showed that 19.1% of study participants had inadequate physical activity, being old age with AOR: 10.27 (3.21 to 33.01), low or poor self-efficacy with AOR: 10.34 (4.89 to 21.84), poor self-rated health with AOR: 5.91 (1.73 to 20.13) and lack of adequate facilities with AOR: 4.07 (1.72 to 9.66) were significantly associated with inadequate physical activity. CONCLUSION Inadequate physical activity was detected in one-fifth of the study participants, according to our research. Being elderly, having low self-efficacy, having inadequate facilities and having poor self-rated health were all linked to inadequate physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Jember Belay
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Fentanew
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Belay
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Gobezie
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremariam Bekele
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Kefale Getie
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassaw Belay Shiferaw
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Dejen Takele
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Cherkos
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Birara Zemariam
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Mphande M, Robson I, Hubbard J, Chikuse E, Lungu E, Phiri K, Cornell M, Phiri S, Coates TJ, Dovel K. Developing a male-specific counselling curriculum for HIV treatment in Malawi. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.08.23293583. [PMID: 37609294 PMCID: PMC10441488 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.08.23293583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Men living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa have sub-optimal engagement in antiretroviral therapy (ART) Programs. Generic ART counselling curriculum in Malawi does not meet men's needs and should be tailored to men. We developed a male-specific ART counselling curriculum, adapted from the Malawi Ministry of Health (MOH) curriculum based on literature review of men's needs and motivations for treatment. The curriculum was piloted through group counselling with men in 6 communities in Malawi, with focus group discussion (FGD) conducted immediately afterward (n=85 men) to assess knowledge of ART, motivators and barriers to care, and perceptions of the male-specific curriculum. Data were analysed in Atlas.ti using grounded theory. We conducted a half-day meeting with MOH and partner stakeholders to finalize the curriculum (n=5). The male-specific curriculum adapted three existing topics from generic counselling curriculum (status disclosure, treatment as prevention, and ART side effects) and added four new topics (how treatment contributes to men's goals, feeling healthy on treatment, navigating health systems, and self-compassion for the cyclical nature of lifelong treatment. Key motivators for men were embedded throughout the curriculum and included: family wellbeing, having additional children, financially stability, and earning/keeping respect. During the pilot, men reported having little understanding of how ART contributed to their personal goals prior to the male-specific counselling. Men were most interested in additional information about treatment as prevention, benefits of disclosure/social support beyond their sexual partner, how to navigate health systems, and side effects with new regimens. Respondents stated that the male-specific counselling challenged the idea that men were incapable of overcoming treatment barriers and lifelong medication. Male-specific ART counselling curriculum is needed to address men's specific needs. In Malawi context, topics should include: how treatment contributes to men's goals, navigating health systems, self-compassion/patience for lifelong treatment, and taking treatment while healthy.
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Tan C, Li S, Li Y, Peng Z. Dynamic modeling and data fitting of climatic and environmental factors and people's behavior factors on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shanghai, China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18212. [PMID: 37576260 PMCID: PMC10412780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) appear to be a multi-wave outbreak with unknown mechanisms. We investigate the effects of climatic and environmental factors and changes in people's behavior factors that may be caused by external factors: temperature, relative humidity, and school opening and closing. Methods Distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) and dynamic model are used to research multi-wave outbreaks of HFMD. Climatic and environmental factors impact on transmission rate β ( t ) is modeled through DLNM and then substituted into this relationship to establish the dynamic model with reported case data to test for validity. Results Relative risk (RR) of HFMD infection increases with increasing temperature. The RR of infection first increases and then decreases with the increase of relative humidity. For the model fitting HFMD dynamic, time average basic reproduction number [ R 0 ] of Stage I (without vaccine) and Stage II (with EV71 vaccine) are 1.9362 and 1.5478, respectively. Temperature has the highest explanatory power, followed by school opening and closing, and relative humidity. Conclusion We obtain three conclusions about the prevention and control of HFMD. 1) According to the temperature, relative humidity and school start time, the outbreak peak of HFMD should be warned and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken. 2) Reduce high indoor temperature when more than 31.5 oC, and increase low relative humidity when less than 77.5% by opening the window for ventilation, adding houseplants, using air conditioners and humidifiers, reducing the incidence of HFMD and the number of infections. 3) The risk of HFMD transmission during winter vacations is higher than during summer vacations. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of HFMD prevention knowledge before winter vacations and strengthen the disinfection control measures during winter vacations in children's hospitals, school classrooms, and other places where children gather to reduce the frequency of staff turnover during winter vacations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Tan
- School of Information and Mathematics, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, PR China
- Information Engineering College, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde, 415100, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Information and Mathematics, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
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Zhang T, He Q, Richardson S, Tang K. Does armed conflict lead to lower prevalence of maternal health-seeking behaviours: theoretical and empirical research based on 55 683 women in armed conflict settings. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012023. [PMID: 37612034 PMCID: PMC10450136 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women and children bear a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality due to armed conflict. Life-saving maternal and child health (MCH) services are low-quality in most conflict-affected regions. Previous studies on armed conflict and MCH services have been mostly cross-sectional, and a causal relationship between armed conflict and MCH services utilisation cannot be inferred. METHODS First, we constructed a utility equation for maternal health-seeking behaviour. Next, we extracted MCH data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey led by the UNICEF. Armed conflict data were obtained from the Uppsala Conflict Data Programme; 55 683 women aged 15-49 from Chad, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Republic of Iraq were selected as participants. We fitted a difference-in-differences (DID) model, taking before or after the conflict started as an exposure variable to estimate the effects of armed conflict on maternal health-seeking behaviours. RESULTS According to the results of the DID model, in the regional sample, armed conflict had a positive effect on tetanus vaccination (β=0.055, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.106, p<0.05), and had a negative effect on antenatal care at least eight visits (ANC8+) (β=-0.046, 95% CI -0.078 to -0.015, p<0.01). And, the effects of armed conflict on ANC, ANC4+, institutional delivery and early initiation of breast feeding (EIB) were not statistically significant. As for the country sample, we found that armed conflict had a negative effect on EIB (β=-0.085, 95% CI -0.184 to 0.015, p<0.1) in Chad. In Iraq, armed conflict had positive impacts on ANC (β=0.038, 95% CI -0.001 to 0.078, p<0.1) and tetanus vaccination (β=0.059, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.107, p<0.05), whereas it had a negative effect on ANC8+ (β=-0.039, 95% CI -0.080 to 0.002, p<0.1). No statistically significant associations were discovered in DRC based on the DID model. CONCLUSIONS There might be a mixed effect of armed conflict on maternal health-seeking behaviours. In the absence of humanitarian assistance, armed conflict reduces certain maternal health-seeking behaviours, such as ANC8+. When practical humanitarian health assistance is provided, the damage can be alleviated, and even the prevalence of maternal health-seeking behaviours can be improved, such as tetanus vaccination. Providing humanitarian assistance to conflict-affected regions improved the accessibility of MCH services for women living in those areas. However, the goals of saving lives and alleviating suffering still need to be achieved. In conflict-affected regions, humanitarian assistance on ANC, institutional delivery and breast feeding need strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingkai Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwei He
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute of International Development Cooperation, Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Beijing, China
| | - Sol Richardson
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Glasson L, Panter J, Ogilvie D, Patterson R. The physical activity implications of retirement across occupational activity groups. Prev Med 2023; 173:107570. [PMID: 37315902 PMCID: PMC7614714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Retirement is an important later life transition which may represent a critical period for physical activity in older age. Past findings on the association between retirement and physical activity are inconclusive and there is some evidence that the physical activity implications of retirement may differ by occupational activity level. This study used data from waves 4-9 (June 2008-July 2019) of the English Longitudinal Study on Aging to evaluate whether there is an association between retirement and physical activity, and whether this varies across occupational activity groups. Retirement was associated with a significant increase in physical activity (n = 10,693; β: 0.602 METhrs/wk. [95% CI: 0.490, 0.713], p < 0.001). There were significant interactions between retirement and past occupational activity level (n = 5109; X2 (3)=32.59, p < 0.001), such that people retiring from sedentary or standing occupations experienced a significant increase in physical activity with retirement but retirement from an occupation involving heavy manual labour was associated with a decrease in physical activity. This study quantified the importance of retirement for later life physical activity. With demographic aging, the population health importance of later life physical activity will likely become more important. These findings should inform the design of public health interventions to increase physical activity around the retirement transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Glasson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jenna Panter
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Ogilvie
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Patterson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Guo X, Gichoya JW, Trivedi H, Purkayastha S, Banerjee I. MedShift: Automated Identification of Shift Data for Medical Image Dataset Curation. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023; 27:3936-3947. [PMID: 37167055 PMCID: PMC10513895 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3275104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Automated curation of noisy external data in the medical domain has long been in high demand, as AI technologies need to be validated using various sources with clean, annotated data. Identifying the variance between internal and external sources is a fundamental step in curating a high-quality dataset, as the data distributions from different sources can vary significantly and subsequently affect the performance of AI models. The primary challenges for detecting data shifts are - (1) accessing private data across healthcare institutions for manual detection and (2) the lack of automated approaches to learn efficient shift-data representation without training samples. To overcome these problems, we propose an automated pipeline called MedShift to detect top-level shift samples and evaluate the significance of shift data without sharing data between internal and external organizations. MedShift employs unsupervised anomaly detectors to learn the internal distribution and identify samples showing significant shiftness for external datasets, and then compares their performance. To quantify the effects of detected shift data, we train a multi-class classifier that learns internal domain knowledge and evaluates the classification performance for each class in external domains after dropping the shift data. We also propose a data quality metric to quantify the dissimilarity between internal and external datasets. We verify the efficacy of MedShift using musculoskeletal radiographs (MURA) and chest X-ray datasets from multiple external sources. Our experiments show that our proposed shift data detection pipeline can be beneficial for medical centers to curate high-quality datasets more efficiently.
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Naga Mamo A, Furi Gilo R, Fikadu Tesema A, Fetene Worku N, Teshome Kenea T, Kebede Dibisa D, Adisu Dagafa Y, Dube L. Household Contact Tuberculosis Screening Adherence and Associated Factors Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients on Follow-Up at Health Facilities in Shashamane Town, Southeast Ethiopia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:1867-1879. [PMID: 37533753 PMCID: PMC10392788 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s411685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The greatest risk of getting tuberculosis (TB) infection is contact with patients who have pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The World Health Organization (WHO) strongly recommends tuberculosis screening for all household contacts of PTB patients. However, there is no information on household contact screening adherence among PTB patients in Shashamane town. Methods A facility-based mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to November 30, 2021 among consecutively selected 392 PTB patients and 23 purposely selected key informants. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire and leading questions. Data analysis was made using SPSS version 25 and in-depth interview information was analyzed based on thematic areas. Bivariable followed by multivariable logistic regression with 95% CI were conducted. P-value<0.05 was considered to identify statistically significant factors. Results The overall adherence to household contact screening (HHCS) was 44.4% (95% CI: 39.3, 49.1). Having under fifteen years of contact (AOR=2.386, 95% CI: 1.44, 3.96), diploma and above education status (AOR=3.43, 95% CI: 1.286, 9.15), good knowledge (AOR=2.999, 95% CI: 1.79, 5.03), favorable attitude (AOR=2.409, 95% CI: 1.45, 4.02), getting health education (AOR=3.287, 95% CI: 1.92, 5.63) and smear positive type of PTB (AOR=2.156, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.62) were factors significantly associated with HHCS adherence. Workload, facility readiness and care provide commitments were also identified from qualitative data. Conclusion and Recommendation HHCS adherence in our study was sub-optimal referenced to WHO and national recommendations that all household contact should be screened. Having age less than fifteen years contact, education status, knowledge, attitude, receiving health education and type of pulmonary tuberculosis were factors associated with adherence. We recommend increasing community awareness of TB, providing health education TB patients and their families, strengthening positive attitudes toward HHC screening and strengthening the commitment of health professionals to screen for HHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adisu Naga Mamo
- Department of Public Health Emergency Management, Kelem Wallaga Zonal Health Office, Dambi Dollo, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Robdu Furi Gilo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shala District Health Office, Shashamane, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Ashetu Fikadu Tesema
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Science, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Negash Fetene Worku
- Department of Diseases Prevention and Control, Yaya Gulale District Health Office, Fiche, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Tadese Teshome Kenea
- Department of Public Health Emergency Management, Sire Hospital, Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Dinka Kebede Dibisa
- Department of Diseases Prevention and Control, Setema District Health Office, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Adisu Dagafa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Science, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Lamessa Dube
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Alsoukhni MA, Khader Y, Abaza H, Wilson N, Satyanarayana S. Tuberculosis-related knowledge, behaviors, stigmatizing attitude, and discrimination among refugees, migrants, and the general population in Jordan. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231187743. [PMID: 37492648 PMCID: PMC10363878 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231187743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A better understanding of tuberculosis-related knowledge, attitude, practices in the community, and other issues can help in implementing evidence-driven activities to control tuberculosis in Jordan. This study aimed to assess tuberculosis-related knowledge, attitude, and behaviors among refugees, migrants, and general population, and assess their stigmatizing and discrimination attitudes toward tuberculosis patients, social behavior toward tuberculosis, and healthcare-seeking behaviors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among Jordanians, Syrian refugees, and migrants living in four governorates including Amman, Zarqa, Mafraq, and Irbid during the study period of June to September 2021. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data via face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and general linear model procedure were used to analyze data. Results A total of 2302 (27.7% Jordanians, 25.7% urban refugees, 22.1% camp refugees, and 24.5% migrants) participated in this study. Of the total, 90.1% of participants reported that they have heard of tuberculosis. However, 88.9% of Jordanians, 92.8% of urban refugees, 92% of camp refugees, and 90.5% of migrants had low level of tuberculosis-related knowledge. About 62.0% of urban refugees, 54.8% of Jordanians, 43.0% of camp refugees, and 55.4% of migrants had moderate to high stigmatizing attitude toward tuberculosis patients. About 15.1% of Jordanians, 10.6% of urban refugees, 23.7% of camp refugees, and 16.1% of migrants had moderate to high level of discriminating attitude toward tuberculosis patients. Camp refugees had a significantly higher level of discriminating attitude toward tuberculosis patients than the other groups. Conclusion This study identified significant gaps in tuberculosis-related knowledge among the targeted groups. Moderate to high level of stigmatizing attitude was reported by a considerable proportion of the study participants. This suggests a need for public health education programs to educate people on tuberculosis causes, signs, symptoms, mode of transmission, and address related stigma, especially among the most disadvantaged and affected communities in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd A Alsoukhni
- Center of Excellence for Applied Epidemiology, Global Health Development, Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health, and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hiba Abaza
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nevin Wilson
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, Amman, Jordan
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Eslamian A, Arshi M, Tahmasebi S, Alipour F, Rafiey H. Scoping Review on Interventions, Actions, and Policies Affecting Return to School and Preventing School Dropout in Primary School. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:92. [PMID: 37854994 PMCID: PMC10580204 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_520_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dropout is one of the most important social problems in the world and especially in low- and middle-income countries. Efforts to prevent dropouts require giving due attention to different perspectives for applying them. The present study aims to identify the policies and interventions made in previous studies because reviewing evidence-based interventions and learning from their strengths and weaknesses is likely to play an effective role in preventing students from leaving school and returning them to school. Methods This scoping review study conducted on all available studies and documents related to students' dropout. The study population includes articles searched in electronic sources that contain information related to the subject of dropout and out-of-school in primary schools. Appropriate keywords were extracted based on Mesh term and EMTREE and their synonyms and searched by a medical librarian. scientific sources and Gray literature published in Persian and English based on PRISMA standard criteria were reviewed. Results A review of studies indicated that various interventions such as student interaction with school, educational interventions on students and teachers, family and local community cooperation, free nutrition, behavioral interventions, financial aid, and free education had positive effects on reducing dropout, absenteeism and encouraging students to return to schools. effect size was not reported for school dropout intervention. Conclusions The findings have indicated that intervention with a combination of global and targeted strategies can affect dropout in developing countries. However, to confirm the effectiveness of this type of intervention, further research is required to be conducted in different countries and with different cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Eslamian
- Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Arshi
- Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siyamak Tahmasebi
- Department of Preschool Education, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Alipour
- Department of Social Welfare, Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rafiey
- Department of Social Welfare, Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Goel S. Harnessing Management and Leadership Trainings in Strengthening Health System: Experience from IPHMDP. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:507-509. [PMID: 37662123 PMCID: PMC10470554 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_329_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Goel
- Professor of Health Management, Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health at the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Adjunct Associate Clinical Professor, University of Limerick, Ireland and Honorary Professor, Swansea University, UK
- Director, Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India after International Public Health Management Development Program
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Karki R, Dangol K. Pesticide Use and Health Effects among Nepalese Farmers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tokha Municipality. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2023; 27:255-259. [PMID: 38047174 PMCID: PMC10691517 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_75_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pesticides are essential for agricultural development, but their increased use in developing countries like Nepal poses health risks to farmers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in wards 1, 2, and 3 of the Tokha Municipality in Kathmandu District to identify the health effects of pesticides and associated factors among farmers. The study included 333 respondents who were interviewed between April 26 and June 04, 2022. Results The majority of farmers (36.6%) were aged between 40 and 49 years, with a median (IQR) age of 45.0 (38.0 to 51.0) years. All farmers reported using pesticides, with 100% usage in vegetables. Most respondents (73%) reported experiencing health effects: headache (69.5%), skin irritation (42.8%), and burning eyes (31.3%) were the most common symptoms. Only 8% sought medical care. Additionally, 94.6% of respondents had not received training on integrated pest management, and none of them reported using a complete set of personal protective equipment. The study found that older age groups, females, those who were unable to read and write, and those of the Hindu religion, as well as respondents with longer pesticide use, more frequent spraying, and not detecting wind direction, had significantly higher odds of self-reported health problems (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings show that all farmers in the study were using pesticides, and the majority had reported health effects. Therefore, we recommend that farmers receive training on integrated pest management, use a complete set of personal protective equipment, and promptly seek medical care if they experience health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Karki
- Department of Public Health, Yeti Health Science Academy, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kanchan Dangol
- Department of Public Health, Yeti Health Science Academy, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Kirabira J, Ashaba S, Favina A, Maling S, Nansera D, Zanoni BC. Intrapersonal predictors of internalized stigma among school going adolescents living with HIV in southwestern Uganda. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2300-2314. [PMID: 37005735 PMCID: PMC10524164 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2198244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the association between internalized HIV stigma, resilience, health locus of control, coping self-efficacy and empowerment among adolescents living with HIV in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study between August and October 2020 among 173 adolescents aged 13-18 years attending Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital's HIV clinic. We used linear regression to determine the association between HIV stigma and intrapersonal factors adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. The median age of the participants was 16 (IQR 3) years. There was a negative correlation between HIV stigma and resilience (β= -0.03, p < 0.001), internal health locus of control (β= -0.095, p < 0.001) and coping self-efficacy (β= -0.02, p < 0.001), while empowerment was positively correlated (β = 0.07, p < 0.001) with HIV stigma. After adjusting for the intrapersonal factors (resilience, health locus of control, coping self-efficacy and empowerment) and socio-demographic characteristics (education level and boarding school), only internal health locus of control (β=-0.044, p = 0.016) and coping self-efficacy (β=-0.015, p < 0.001) remained significantly correlated with HIV stigma. The findings suggest that interventions focusing on intrapersonal factors such as internal locus of control, empowerment and resilience may contribute towards reduction of HIV stigma among adolescents in boarding schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kirabira
- Department of Psychiatry, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Scholastic Ashaba
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Alain Favina
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Samuel Maling
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Denis Nansera
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Brian C. Zanoni
- Emory University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Atlanta, USA
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Barega B, Seifu L, Melkie A, Abebe S, Taye M. Blood Pressure Control among Adults with Hypertension at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2023; 33:563-570. [PMID: 38784211 PMCID: PMC11111181 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Uncontrolled hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of several effective blood pressure lowering drugs, hypertension control rates remain poor globally. This study aimed to define the level of blood pressure control and to determine the factors associated with poor hypertension control. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital among randomly selected 369 patients with hypertension. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of blood pressure control. Results The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 55.5 (13.2) years; 188 (50.9%) were males and 28 (7.6%) were active smokers. More than half of the patients (56.0%) were overweight or obese. The most commonly identified comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (48.0%), dyslipidemia (50.9%), and chronic kidney disease (56.1%). The mean (SD) systolic blood pressure was 140.6 (22) mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure was 85.8 (14) mmHg. About two-thirds of the patients (60.2%) had uncontrolled blood pressure. The factors associated with poor blood pressure control with an AOR (95% CI) were increasing age: 1.05 (1.00-1.11), increasing household income: 1.25 (1.04-1.49), being physically inactive: 7.64 (1.14-51.13), chronic kidney disease: 5.36 (1.14-5.16), and use of home blood pressure monitoring: 0.31 (0.102-0.94). Conclusion The rate of blood pressure control in patients with hypertension was suboptimal. Age, household income, level of physical activity, chronic kidney disease, and use of home blood pressure monitoring were independent predictors of blood pressure control. It is important to optimize the treatment of hypertension in this high-risk group by implementing effective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyam Barega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ras Desta Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lissane Seifu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Melkie
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Abebe
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Taye
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Kavuma D, Kirwana VB, Taani M. Factors Associated with HIV Positive Serostatus Disclosure to Sexual Partners Among Sexually Active Young People on Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Central Uganda. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2023; 15:293-311. [PMID: 37312814 PMCID: PMC10259591 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s407535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction HIV serostatus disclosure is a fundamental HIV prevention and care strategy yet with a paucity of literature. This study comprehended the factors associated with HIV serostatus disclosure to sexual partners among young people aged 15-24 years on anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Methods This explanatory sequential study utilized quantitative data from 238 young people who had been on ART for over 12 months and were sexually active for at least 6 months in seven districts of Central Uganda. Pearson's Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression analysis at α=0.05 was used to determine the factors associated with serostatus disclosure among study participants. Qualitative data from 18 young people were collected using an in-depth interview guide and analyzed thematically. Results Non-disclosure was at 26.9%, one-way disclosure was at 24.4%, and two-way disclosure was at 48.7%. Participants who contracted HIV from their partners were three times more likely (RRR=2.752; 95% CI: 1.100-6.888) to have one-way disclosure than non-disclosure, compared to those who had a perinatal infection. Those who contracted HIV from their partners were twice more likely (RRR=2.357; 95% CI: 1.065-5.214) to have two-way disclosure than non-disclosure, compared to those who had a perinatal infection. Participants who stayed with their partners were four times more likely (RRR=3.869; 95% CI: 1.146-13.060) to have two-way disclosure than non-disclosure, compared to those who stayed with their parents. Young people disclosed because they were tired of secrecy and desired treatment adherence and did not disclose due to fear of stigma and losing their partners' support. Conclusion Many sexually active young people on ART did not disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners mainly due to poverty, having multiple-sexual partners, and stigma. Interventions fighting stigma, multiple-sexual relationships, and poverty among sexually active young people on ART should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kavuma
- Mildmay Institute of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Graduate Studies, Uganda Martyrs University-Nkozi, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Venantius Bbaale Kirwana
- Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning, Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights Alliance, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University School of Statistics and Applied Economics, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Taani
- Community Systems Strengthening, Mubende Region, Mildmay Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
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Amadu I, Seidu AA, Mohammed A, Duku E, Miyittah MK, Ameyaw EK, Hagan JE, Musah MH, Ahinkorah BO. Assessing the combined effect of household cooking fuel and urbanicity on acute respiratory symptoms among under-five years in sub-Saharan Africa. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16546. [PMID: 37346351 PMCID: PMC10279788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study sought to investigate the association between urbanicity (rural-urban residency), the use of solid biomass cooking fuels and the risk of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) among children under the age of 5 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods Cross-sectional data from the most recent surveys of the Demographic and Health Survey Program conducted in 31 sub-Saharan African countries were pooled for the analysis. The outcome variables, cough and rapid short breath were derived from questions that asked mothers if their children under the age of 5 suffered from cough and short rapid breath in the past two weeks preceding the survey. To examine the associations, multivariable negative log-log regression models were fitted for each outcome variable. Results Higher odds ratios of cough occurred among children in urban households that use unclean cooking fuel (aOR = 1.05 95% CI = 1.01, 1.08). However, lower odds ratios were observed for rural children in homes that use clean cooking fuel (aOR = 0.93 95% CI = 0.87, 0.99) relative to children in urban homes using clean cooking fuel. We also found higher odds ratios of short rapid breaths among children in rural households that use unclean cooking fuel compared with urban residents using clean cooking fuel (aOR = 1.12 95% CI = 1.08, 1.17). Conclusion Urbanicity and the use of solid biomass fuel for cooking were associated with an increased risk of symptoms of ARIs among children under five years in SSA. Thus, policymakers and stakeholders need to design and implement strategies that minimize children's exposure to pollutants from solid biomass cooking fuel. Such interventions could reduce the burden of respiratory illnesses in SSA and contribute to the realization of Sustainable Development Goal 3.9, which aims at reducing the number of diseases and deaths attributable to hazardous chemicals and pollution of air, water and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iddrisu Amadu
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience (ACECoR)-Centre for Coastal Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Emperiks Research, NT0085, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Box 256, Ghana
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aliu Mohammed
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eric Duku
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience (ACECoR)-Centre for Coastal Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Hen Mpoano (Our Coast), Takoradi P.O. Box AX 296, Ghana
| | - Michael K. Miyittah
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience (ACECoR)-Centre for Coastal Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- Institute of Policy Studies and School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong
| | - John Elvis Hagan
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mohammed Hafiz Musah
- Department of Health Information Management, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Ghana
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Ismail M, Seif MH, Metwally N, Neshnash M, Joudeh AI, Alsaadi M, Al-Abdulla S, Selim N. Prevalence and determinants of depression among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus attending family medicine clinics in Qatar. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE OPEN 2023; 9:100014. [PMID: 39035064 PMCID: PMC11256244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajmo.2022.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Aims To assess the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus attending family medicine clinics in Qatar. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021 where 683 adult patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected by cluster sampling technique using probability-proportionate to size sampling. Diabetes mellitus was defined as having HA1c of greater than or equal to 6.5%, and patients were assessed for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The relationship between depression, glycemic control, and background characteristics was analyzed using Chi-square, and binary logistic regression analyses. Adjusted logistic regression models estimated the significant factors that were independently associated with depression. Results 20.1% of the study participants had depression with the vast majority of them having mild depression (70.8%). More than three-quarters had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (81.5%). Male patients were at higher risk for developing depression (AOR =1.98, 1.25-3.14) when compared to female patients. On the other hand, being Qatari was associated with a lower risk for depression compared to non-Qatari patients (AOR =0.56, 0.34-0.90), and treatment with insulin-containing regimens was associated with a lower risk for depression as compared to treatment with non-insulin- containing regimens (AOR =0.49, 0.30-0.78). Conclusions Prevalence of depression among patients with Type 2 diabetes attending family medicine clinics in Qatar is high. Therefore, utilizing a multidisciplinary health care plan for screening and management of depression in patients with diabetes in a primary health care setting is highly recommended. Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoura Ismail
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha-Qatar
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Anwar I. Joudeh
- Internal Medicine Department, Al-Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha-Qatar
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Nagah Selim
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha-Qatar
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gebeyehu EM, Debie A, Yazachew L, Fetene SM, Azanaw KA. Implementation fidelity of infection prevention practices at Debre Tabor comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:343. [PMID: 37217843 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare-Acquired Infections are a major problem in the world and within the healthcare delivery system. An estimated 5-10% and around 25% of hospitalized patients have healthcare-acquired infections in developed and developing countries, respectively. Infection prevention and control programs have proven to be successful in lowering the incidence and spread of infections. Thus, this evaluation aims to evaluate the implementation fidelity of infection prevention practices at Debre Tabor comprehensive specialized hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional design with a concurrent mixed method was used to evaluate the implementation fidelity of infection prevention practices. A total of 36 indicators were used to measure adherence, participant responsiveness, and facilitation strategy dimensions. A total of 423 clients were administered for an interview, an inventory checklist, a document review, 35 non-participatory observations, and 11 key informant interviews were conducted. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors significantly associated with the satisfaction of clients. The findings were presented using descriptions, tables, and graphs. RESULT The overall implementation fidelity of the infection prevention practices was 61.8%. The dimensions of adherence to infection prevention and control guidelines were 71.4%, participant responsiveness was 60.6%, and facilitation strategy was 48%. In multivariable analysis, ward admission and educational level had a p-value of below 0.05 and were significantly associated with the satisfaction of clients with infection prevention practices at the hospital. The major themes that emerged in qualitative data analysis were healthcare worker-related factors, management-related factors, and patient- and visitor-related factors. CONCLUSION The evaluation result of this study concluded that the overall implementation fidelity of infection prevention practice was judged to be medium and needed improvement. It included dimensions of adherence and participant responsiveness that were rated as medium, as well as a facilitation strategy that was rated as low. Enablers and barriers were thematized into factors related to healthcare providers, management, institutions, and patient and visitor relations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayal Debie
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Lake Yazachew
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Lauridsen HH, Meldgaard E, Hestbæk L, Hansen GK. Development of the Young Disability Questionnaire (spine) for children with spinal pain: field testing in Danish school children. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064382. [PMID: 37197823 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to finalise the development of the Young Disability Questionnaire (YDQ-spine) to measure the consequences of neck, midback and low back pain, relevant for schoolchildren aged 9-12 years. DESIGN A cross-sectional field test of the YDQ-spine was carried out. SETTING Danish primary schools. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 9-12 years from all Danish schools were invited to complete the questionnaire. METHODS Eight hundred and seventy-three schools were invited to participate. Consenting schools received information material, instructions and a link to an electronic version of the prefinal YDQ-spine. Local teachers distributed the electronic YDQ-spine to children aged 9-12 years. Descriptive statistics and item characteristics were carried out. Item reduction was performed using partial interitem correlations (scrutinising correlations>0.3) and factor analyses (items loading>0.3 were retained) to eliminate redundant items and to obtain insight into the structure of the questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 768 children from 20 schools answered of the questionnaire and 280 fulfilled the inclusion criteria of having back and/or neck pain (36%). Multisite pain was reported by 38%. Partial interitem correlations and factor analyses resulted in elimination of four items which were considered redundant leaving 24 items in the final YDQ-spine with an optional section on what matters most to the child. The factor analyses showed a two-factor structure with a physical component (13 items) and a psychosocial component (10 items) in addition to one standalone item (sleep). CONCLUSION The YDQ-spine is a novel questionnaire with satisfactory content validity measuring physical and psychosocial components (including sleep disturbances) of spinal pain in children aged 9-12 years. It also offers an optional section on what matters most to the child allowing targeted care in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hein Lauridsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emilie Meldgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lise Hestbæk
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Chiropractic Knowledge Hub, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gabrielle Kristine Hansen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Roudsari RL, Sharifi F, Goudarzi F. Barriers to the participation of men in reproductive health care: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:818. [PMID: 37143008 PMCID: PMC10158256 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite emphasizing the importance and benefits of men's active engagement in reproductive health programs, their engagement in reproductive health care is low. Researchers have identified different barriers to men's avoidance of participation in various aspects of reproductive health in different parts of the world. This study provided an in-depth review of the hindrances to men's non-participation in reproductive health. METHODS This meta-synthesis was conducted using keyword searches in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and ProQuest until January 2023. Qualitative English-language studies that investigated barriers to men's participation in reproductive health were included in the study. The critical appraisal skills program (CASP) checklist was used to assess the articles' quality. Data synthesis and thematic analysis were done using the standard method. RESULT This synthesis led to the emergence of four main themes such as failure to access all inclusive and integrated quality services, economic issues, couples' personal preferences and attitudes, and sociocultural considerations to seek reproductive healthcare services. CONCLUSION Healthcare system programs and policies, economic and sociocultural issues, and men's attitudes, knowledge, and preferences, influence men's participation in reproductive healthcare. Reproductive health initiatives should focus on eliminating challenges to men's supportive activities to increase practical men's involvement in reproductive healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robab Latifnejad Roudsari
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farangis Sharifi
- Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Goudarzi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
- Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
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Cowan E, Brandspiegel S, Araki B, O'Brien-Lambert C, Merchant R, Buckler DG, Eiting E, Calderon Y. Relationship of hepatitis C risk to hepatitis C test acceptance among adult patients participating in an ED hepatitis C screening programme. Emerg Med J 2023; 40:341-346. [PMID: 36593093 PMCID: PMC10176391 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2022-212726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is possible that adult ED patients consider their hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk factor history when deciding whether to accept HCV screening. To help address this question, we examined whether self-reporting any HCV risk was more common among ED patients who agreed than who declined HCV screening. Among ED patients who agreed to HCV screening, we also assessed if self-reporting any HCV risk was more common among those whose HCV antibody (Ab) and HCV viral load (VL) test results were positive. METHODS This study was conducted among adult patients ≥18 years old participating in a universal, ED-based HCV screening programme in New York City between 22 January 2019 and 9 April 2020. Participants were surveyed about their HCV risk factors. Differences in the frequencies of self-reporting any HCV risk were compared according to HCV screening acceptance and by HCV Ab and VL status. RESULTS Of the 4658 ED patients surveyed, 2846 (61%) accepted and 1812 (39%) declined HCV screening. Among these participants, 38% reported at least one HCV risk factor, most commonly injection drug use. Self-reporting any HCV risk was not more common among those who accepted versus declined HCV screening (40% vs 37%, p<0.7) but was more common among those with HCV Ab positive versus negative test results (36% vs 6%, p<0.001) and HCV VL positive versus negative results (95% vs 5%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION HCV risk factors were self-reported by more than one-third of ED patients but were not more commonly present among those who accepted HCV screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Cowan
- Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samantha Brandspiegel
- Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Araki
- Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Clare O'Brien-Lambert
- Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roland Merchant
- Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David G Buckler
- Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erick Eiting
- Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yvette Calderon
- Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Shoukat Z, Javed Shah A. Breast Cancer Awareness and Associated Factors among Women in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1561-1570. [PMID: 37247275 PMCID: PMC10495904 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.5.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is a highly prevalent cancer in females worldwide, with new cases around one million every year. In Pakistan, cancer of breast is the most common carcinoma in diagnosis, with one in nine females. Due to high burden of breast cancer in Pakistan, presented work purposes to investigate knowledge and awareness of breast carcinoma, its symptoms, and risk factors among Pakistani women, which play an important part in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS A sample of 1000 females were approached generally from universities, hospitals, public places, local markets, rural areas and other cities for on-site data collection through face-to-face interviews and online data collection through telephonic interviews in Pakistan using the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (BCAM). By using SPSS V. 25.0, the information provided by the individuals first changed in awareness scores and was then analyzed. RESULTS The study displayed, that mainstream participants lacked knowledge of breast carcinoma (63.2%) and the importance of its screening tools (64.7% and 83.2% lacked knowledge of mammography and BRCA tests respectively) for early detection. Almost 45% of respondents never noticed a change in their breasts. Most participants were unaware about breast cancer development is age-related and lifetime risk. Slightly more than 50% of the participants of the study were not knowledgeable regarding modifiable risk factors of breast carcinoma. A commonly known symptom was Breast lump by 53% of the respondents. Association was determined between demographic variables and breast cancer knowledge scores. Only 37.4% of respondents were found to be knowledgeable regarding breast cancer. CONCLUSION BCAM is a productive instrument to assess awareness of breast carcinoma in females. The study indicated awareness of breast cancer is suboptimal in the population of Pakistan. Efforts should be made by public awareness campaigns and broadcasting of information about breast cancer and health education to increase awareness of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuniara Shoukat
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Javed Shah
- Institute of Business Administration, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Kumari A, Ranjan P, Vikram NK, Kaur D, Balsarkar G, Malhotra A, Puri M, Batra A, Madan J, Tyagi S, Guleria K, Dabral A, Sarkar S, Nigam A, Anwar W, Kamath S, Bhatla N, Kumari SS, Kumar R, Choranur A, Venkataraman S, Kaur T, Rathore AM, Kaloiya GS, Prakash A, Tiwaskar M, Verma A, Singh R, Sharma KA, Baitha U, Tewary K, Misra A, Guleria R. Evidence and consensus-based clinical practice guideline for the management of obesity and overweight in postpartum women: An AIIMS-DST initiative. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:812-855. [PMID: 37448937 PMCID: PMC10336934 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_45_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval K. Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Divjyot Kaur
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Geetha Balsarkar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Seth G. S. Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita Malhotra
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manju Puri
- Director Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LHMC and SSK Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Achla Batra
- President, Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Delhi (AOGD), New Delhi, India
- Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagmeet Madan
- National President, Indian Dietetic Association, New Delhi, India
| | - Shakun Tyagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Guleria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Dabral
- Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry and NDDTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Nigam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Wareesha Anwar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandhya Kamath
- Former Dean, LT Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Former Dean, Seth G. S. Medical College, and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neerja Bhatla
- Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Shantha Kumari
- President, The Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- President, Academy of Family Physicians of India, India
- President, World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Srikumar Venkataraman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanveer Kaur
- Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Asmita Muthal Rathore
- Director Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Shankar Kaloiya
- Department of Clinical Psychology and NDDTC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupam Prakash
- Department of Medicine, LHMC and SSK Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Archana Verma
- Vice President, The Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India, India
| | - Rakhi Singh
- The Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India, India
| | - K Aparna Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamlesh Tewary
- President, Association of the Physicians of India, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Chairman, Fortis-C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
- Chairman, National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
- President, Diabetes Foundation (India) (DFI), New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Director, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Fernandes Q, Augusto O, Machai H, Pfeiffer J, Carone M, Pinto N, Carimo N, Ramiro I, Gloyd S, Sherr K. Scrutinizing human resources for health availability and distribution in Mozambique between 2016 and 2020: a subnational descriptive longitudinal study. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2023; 21:33. [PMID: 37085868 PMCID: PMC10122375 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-023-00815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overall, resilient health systems build upon sufficient, qualified, well-distributed, and motivated health workers; however, this precious resource is limited in numbers to meet people's demands, particularly in LMICs. Understanding the subnational distribution of health workers from different lens is critical to ensure quality healthcare and improving health outcomes. METHODS Using data from Health Personnel Information System, facility-level Service Availability and Readiness Assessment, and other sources, we performed a district-level longitudinal analysis to assess health workforce density and the ratio of male to female health workers between January 2016 and June 2020 across all districts in Mozambique. RESULTS 22 011 health workers were sampled, of whom 10 405 (47.3%) were male. The average age was 35 years (SD: 9.4). Physicians (1025, 4.7%), maternal and child health nurses (4808, 21.8%), and nurses (6402, 29.1%) represented about 55% of the sample. In January 2016, the average district-level workforce density was 75.8 per 100 000 population (95% CI 65.9, 87.1), and was increasing at an annual rate of 8.0% (95% CI 6.00, 9.00) through January 2018. The annual growth rate declined to 3.0% (95% CI 2.00, 4.00) after January 2018. Two provinces, Maputo City and Maputo Province, with 268.3 (95% CI 186.10, 387.00) and 104.6 (95% CI 84.20, 130.00) health workers per 100 000 population, respectively, had the highest workforce density at baseline (2016). There were 3122 community health workers (CHW), of whom 72.8% were male, in January 2016. The average number of CHWs per 10 000 population was 1.33 (95% CI 1.11, 1.59) in 2016 and increased by 18% annually between January 2016 and January 2018. This trend reduced to 11% (95% CI 0.00, 13.00) after January 2018. The sex ratio was twice as high for all provinces in the central and northern regions relative to Maputo Province. Maputo City (OR: 0.34; 95% CI 0.32, 0.34) and Maputo Province (OR: 0.56; 95% CI 0.49, 0.65) reported the lowest sex ratio at the baseline. Encouragingly, important sex ratio improvements were observed after January 2018, particularly in the northern and central regions. CONCLUSION Mozambique made substantial progress in health workers' availability during the study period; however, with a critical slowdown after 2018. Despite the progress, meaningful shortages and distribution disparities persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinhas Fernandes
- National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo City, Mozambique.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
| | - Orvalho Augusto
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Helena Machai
- Directorate of Human Resources, Ministry of Health, Maputo City, Mozambique
| | - James Pfeiffer
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Marco Carone
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Norton Pinto
- Directorate of Human Resources, Ministry of Health, Maputo City, Mozambique
| | - Naziat Carimo
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Isaías Ramiro
- Comité para a Saúde de Moçambique, Maputo City, Mozambique
| | - Stephen Gloyd
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Sherr
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
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Wondimagegne YA, Debelew GT, Koricha ZB. Barriers to contraceptive use among secondary school adolescents in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia: a formative qualitative study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e060582. [PMID: 36997244 PMCID: PMC10069515 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess barriers to contraceptive use among secondary school adolescents in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia, in 2021. DESIGN A grounded theory approach to the qualitative study was conducted between December 2020 and April 2021 in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia. SETTING The study was conducted in two urban and four rural schools, in Gedeo zone; Gedeo zone is one of the 14 zones in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS The study involved 24 in-depth interviews with secondary school adolescents and 28 key informants. The interviews were conducted with students, school counsellors, Kebele youth association coordinators, zonal child, adolescent, and youth officers, health workers, and non-governmental organisation workers. RESULTS The findings were organised into four major themes that influence contraceptive use; these include; (1) Individual-related barriers such as knowledge, fear and psychosocial development. (2) Community-related barriers encompass fear of rumours, family pressure, social and cultural norms, economic vulnerability, and religious beliefs. (3) Health service-related barriers include the lack of adolescent-responsive health services, health workers' behaviour, and fear of health workers. Furthermore, (4) The school and service integration barrier was identified. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents' contraceptive use was affected by various barriers ranging from individual to multisectorial levels. Adolescents note various barriers to using contraception and that, without contraception, sexual activity can lead to an increased risk for unintended pregnancy and its associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanness Addisu Wondimagegne
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, School of Public Health,College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Gurmesa Tura Debelew
- Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Nuss K, Moore K, Marchant T, Courtney JB, Edwards K, Sharp JL, Nelson TL, Li K. The combined effect of motivational interviewing and wearable fitness trackers on motivation and physical activity in inactive adults: A randomized controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:45-55. [PMID: 36966352 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2195228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite overwhelming adoption of wearable fitness trackers (WFT), it is unclear if they affect physical activity (PA) engagement or PA motivation. We hypothesized that combining a WFT with an effective intervention, motivational interviewing (MI), would positively influence both motivation and PA. A 12-week randomized controlled trial was conducted in 40 adults who did not meet PA recommendations. The four conditions were: a PA education (Educational control, n = 10), a WFT (WFT, n = 10), bi-weekly MI sessions (MI, n = 10), or both interventions (WFT+, n = 10). Motivation and PA were measured through an online survey and actigraphy pre- and post-intervention. Both the WFT+ and MI groups improved autonomous forms and decreased controlled forms of motivation. They also had higher basic psychological needs scores when compared to the Education group post-intervention. We detected no changes in PA. High autonomous motivation at baseline predicted higher post-intervention PA in the WFT+ group but predicted lower post-intervention PA in the WFT group. Results suggests that MI alone or with a WFT can improve basic psychological needs and autonomous forms of motivation for PA, but not PA participation. Individual differences in motivation at baseline may moderate the effect of a WFT on PA. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT490014).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen Moore
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Population and Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tasha Marchant
- University of Colorado Health, Family Medicine Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jimikaye Beck Courtney
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Julia L Sharp
- Colorado State University, Department of Statistics, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tracy L Nelson
- Colorado State University, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kaigang Li
- Colorado State University, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Mekonnen BD, Balemual N. Magnitude of Spousal Violence and Associated Factors among Midlife Women in Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2023; 33:311-320. [PMID: 37484182 PMCID: PMC10358388 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence is the most common form of gender-based violence and has enormous maternal health consequences. There is limited evidence concerning the magnitude and determinants of intimate partner violence amongst midlife women. Thus, this study aimed to determine the extent of and the factors contributing to spousal violence amongst midlife Ethiopian women. Methods The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data were examined, and a sample of 1628 ever-married midlife women was included. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the determinants of intimate partner violence. All statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05. Results The prevalence of spousal violence among midlife women in Ethiopia was 31.8%. Age of women, divorced, and working status were significantly associated with spousal violence. The likelihood of spousal violence is increase among midlife women who had no formal education, less decision-making power in household, and had partner who had drinking habit. Conclusion This study showed that nearly one-thirds of midlife Ethiopian women have experienced spousal violence in their lifetime. Empowering midlife women by giving them decision-making tools and educating them to deal with, and prevent spousal violence may be effective strategies in reducing this problem.
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D'Adamo A, Schnake-Mahl A, Mullachery PH, Lazo M, Diez Roux AV, Bilal U. Health disparities in past influenza pandemics: A scoping review of the literature. SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101314. [PMID: 36514788 PMCID: PMC9733119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing health disparities. To provide a historical perspective on health disparities for pandemic acute respiratory viruses, we conducted a scoping review of the public health literature of health disparities in influenza outcomes during the 1918, 1957, 1968, and 2009 influenza pandemics. Methods We searched for articles examining socioeconomic or racial/ethnic disparities in any population, examining any influenza-related outcome (e.g., incidence, hospitalizations, mortality), during the 1918, 1957, 1968, and 2009 influenza pandemics. We conducted a structured search of English-written articles in PubMed supplemented by a snowball of articles meeting inclusion criteria. Results A total of 29 articles met inclusion criteria, all but one focusing exclusively on the 1918 or 2009 pandemics. Individuals of low socioeconomic status, or living in low socioeconomic status areas, experienced higher incidence, hospitalizations, and mortality in the 1918 and 2009 pandemics. There were conflicting results regarding racial/ethnic disparities during the 1918 pandemic, with differences in magnitude and direction by outcome, potentially due to issues in data quality by race/ethnicity. Racial/ethnic minorities had generally higher incidence, mortality, and hospitalization rates in the 1957 and 2009 pandemics. Conclusion Individuals of low socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic minorities have historically experienced worse influenza outcomes during pandemics. These historical patterns can inform current research to understand disparities in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D'Adamo
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alina Schnake-Mahl
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pricila H. Mullachery
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Health Services Administration and Policy, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelpha, PA, USA
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana V. Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
A transformative approach to maternal health promotion should be mother-centred, context-driven and grounded in lived experiences. Health promotion can achieve this by drawing on its disciplinary roots to extend and reorient maternal health promotion towards an approach of non-stigmatizing and equitable health promotion that has mothers' well-being at the centre, particularly giving credit to marginalized, 'non-normative' maternities. This article draws on data from 18 workshops EN conducted across Aotearoa New Zealand, including 268 maternal health stakeholders. Drawing on design thinking, participants reimagined what a maternal health promotion approach informed by the Ottawa Charter action areas could comprise. The five themes included building connected systems close to home, developing mothering/parenting skills, addressing upstream determinants, mother-centred care and funding, and creating a collective mothering village. We discuss how these areas could better meet the unique challenges of transitioning to motherhood. Rather than focussing only on individual behaviours, many ideas reveal broader environmental and structural determinants. We link the themes to current literature and advance the agenda for centring the maternal in maternal health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Reed
- School of Health, Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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Lou X, Ng TK, Siu OL. Investigating the effects of Psycho-Behavioral interventions on healthy adolescents’ subjective well-being: A three-level meta-Analysis. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2023.2179934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Lou
- Wofoo Joseph Lee Consulting and Counselling Psychology Research Centre, Lingnan University
- Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, China
| | - Ting Kin Ng
- Department of Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Oi Ling Siu
- Department of Psychology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
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Sunuwar DR, Bhatta A, Rai A, Chaudhary NK, Tamang MK, Nayaju S, Singh DR. The factors influencing inappropriate child feeding practices among families receiving nutrition allowance in the Himalayan region of Nepal. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:33. [PMID: 36803665 PMCID: PMC9940375 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child feeding practices during the first two years of life are crucial to ensure good health and nutrition status. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing inappropriate child feeding practices in children aged 6 - 23 months in families receiving nutrition allowance in the remote Mugu district, Nepal. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 318 mothers who had children aged 6 - 23 months of age in the seven randomly selected wards. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the desired number of respondents. Data were collected using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was used to estimate crude odds ratio (cOR), and adjusted odds ratio (aOR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to understand factor associated with child feeding practices. RESULTS Almost half of the children aged 6 - 23 months were not consuming a diverse diet (47.2%; 95% CI: 41.7%, 52.7%), did not meet the recommended minimum meal frequency (46.9%; 95% CI: 41.4%, 52.4%) and did not consume minimum acceptable diet (51.7%; 95% CI: 46.1%, 57.1%). Only 27.4% (95% CI: 22.7%, 32.5%) of children met the recommended complementary feeding practices. Multivariable analysis showed maternal characteristics such as mothers who gave birth at home (aOR = 4.70; 95% CI: 1.03, 21.31) and mothers in unpaid employment (aOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.06, 6.19) were associated with increased odds of inappropriate child feeding practices. Household economy (i.e. family with < 150 USD monthly income) was also associated with increased odds of inappropriate child feeding practices (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.42). CONCLUSION Despite the receipt of nutritional allowances, child feeding practices among 6 - 23 months children were not optimal. Additional context-specific behavior change strategies on child nutrition targeting mothers may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev Ram Sunuwar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- Department of Public Health, Asian College for Advance Studies, Purbanchal University, Lalitpur, Nepal.
| | - Anuradha Bhatta
- Department of Public Health, Asian College for Advance Studies, Purbanchal University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Anjana Rai
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, Australia
| | | | - Man Kumar Tamang
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Suvash Nayaju
- Department of Public Health, Asian College for Advance Studies, Purbanchal University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Devendra Raj Singh
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
- Research Section, Swadesh Development Foundation, Siraha, Nepal
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Major-Smith D, Dvořák T, Elhakeem A, Lawlor DA, Tilling K, Smith ADAC. Incorporating interactions into structured life course modelling approaches: A simulation study and applied example of the role of access to green space and socioeconomic position on cardiometabolic health. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.24.23284935. [PMID: 36747796 PMCID: PMC9901056 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.24.23284935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Structured life course modelling approaches (SLCMA) have been developed to understand how exposures across the lifespan relate to later health, but have primarily been restricted to single exposures. As multiple exposures can jointly impact health, here we: i) demonstrate how to extend SLCMA to include exposure interactions; ii) conduct a simulation study investigating the performance of these methods; and iii) apply these methods to explore associations of access to green space, and its interaction with socioeconomic position, with child cardiometabolic health. Methods We used three methods, all based on lasso regression, to select the most plausible life course model: visual inspection, information criteria and cross-validation. The simulation study assessed the ability of these approaches to detect the correct interaction term, while varying parameters which may impact power (e.g., interaction magnitude, sample size, exposure collinearity). Methods were then applied to data from a UK birth cohort. Results There were trade-offs between false negatives and false positives in detecting the true interaction term for different model selection methods. Larger sample size, lower exposure collinearity, centering exposures, continuous outcomes and a larger interaction effect all increased power. In our applied example we found little-to-no association between access to green space, or its interaction with socioeconomic position, and child cardiometabolic outcomes. Conclusions Incorporating interactions between multiple exposures is an important extension to SLCMA. The choice of method depends on the researchers' assessment of the risks of under- vs over-fitting. These results also provide guidance for improving power to detect interactions using these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Major-Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Tadeáš Dvořák
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Ahmed Elhakeem
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew D. A. C. Smith
- Mathematics and Statistics Research Group, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Scholes S, Ng Fat L, Moody A, Mindell JS. Does the use of prediction equations to correct self-reported height and weight improve obesity prevalence estimates? A pooled cross-sectional analysis of Health Survey for England data. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e061809. [PMID: 36639207 PMCID: PMC9843181 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adults typically overestimate height and underestimate weight compared with directly measured values, and such misreporting varies by sociodemographic and health-related factors. Using self-reported and interviewer-measured height and weight, collected from the same participants, we aimed to develop a set of prediction equations to correct bias in self-reported height and weight and assess whether this adjustment improved the accuracy of obesity prevalence estimates relative to those based only on self-report. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS 38 940 participants aged 16+ (Health Survey for England 2011-2016) with non-missing self-reported and interviewer-measured height and weight. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparisons between self-reported, interviewer-measured (gold standard) and corrected (based on prediction equations) body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) including (1) difference between means and obesity prevalence and (2) measures of agreement for BMI classification. RESULTS On average, men overestimated height more than women (1.6 cm and 1.0 cm, respectively; p<0.001), while women underestimated weight more than men (2.1 kg and 1.5 kg, respectively; p<0.001). Underestimation of BMI was slightly larger for women than for men (1.1 kg/m2 and 1.0 kg/m2, respectively; p<0.001). Obesity prevalence based on BMI from self-report was 6.8 and 6.0 percentage points (pp) lower than that estimated using measured BMI for men and women, respectively. Corrected BMI (based on models containing all significant predictors of misreporting of height and weight) lowered underestimation of obesity to 0.8pp in both sexes and improved the sensitivity of obesity over self-reported BMI by 15.0pp for men and 12.2pp for women. Results based on simpler models using age alone as a predictor of misreporting were similar. CONCLUSIONS Compared with self-reported data, applying prediction equations improved the accuracy of obesity prevalence estimates and increased sensitivity of being classified as obese. Including additional sociodemographic variables did not improve obesity classification enough to justify the added complexity of including them in prediction equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Scholes
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Linda Ng Fat
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alison Moody
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Cortés-Macías E, Selma-Royo M, Rio-Aige K, Bäuerl C, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Martínez-Costa C, Pérez-Cano FJ, Collado MC. Distinct breast milk microbiota, cytokine, and adipokine profiles are associated with infant growth at 12 months: an in vitro host-microbe interaction mechanistic approach. Food Funct 2023; 14:148-159. [PMID: 36472137 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02060b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk (BM) is important for adequate infant development, and it contains bioactive compounds, such as bacteria, cytokines and some adipokines which play a role in infant microbial, metabolic, and immunological maturation. However, little is known about its impact on growth and development in early life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of milk microbiota, cytokine, and adipokine profiles on the risk of overweight at 12 months of life to find the possible mechanisms of host-microbe interactions. In this study, BM samples from 100 healthy women collected during 15 d after birth were included. BM microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and cytokine and adipokine levels were measured by the Luminex approach. In addition, infant weight and length were recorded during the first 12 months and z-scores were obtained according to the WHO databases. Infants were classified as risk of overweight (ROW) and no-risk of overweight (NOROW) based on their body mass index z-score (BMIZ) and infant weight-for-length z-score (WLZ) at 12 months. In order to study host-microbe interactions, epithelial intestinal and mammary cell lines were exposed to milk microbes to assess the host response by interleukin (IL)-6 production as a potential inflammatory marker. BM was dominated by Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genera, and the most abundant cytokines were IL-6 and IL-18. Leptin levels were positively correlated with the pregestational body mass index (BMI). Higher relative abundance of the Streptococcus genus was associated with higher IL-10 and higher relative abundance of the Bifidobacterium genus was associated with lower IL-6 concentrations in milk. Infant WLZ at 12 months could be partially predicted by Streptococcus genus proportions and IL-10 and IL-18 levels in BM. BM microbiota significantly induced cytokine responses in mammary epithelial cells. Higher levels of IL-6 production were observed in mammary cells exposed to BM microbiota from mothers with ROW offspring compared to mothers with NOROW offspring. In conclusion, BM microbiota is related to the cytokine profile. IL-10 and IL-18 levels and the abundance of the Streptococcus genus could affect early infant development. Further research is needed to clarify the specific impact of BM microbiota and cytokines on infant growth and the risk of overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cortés-Macías
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Karla Rio-Aige
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - María José Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez-Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Section, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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85
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Tulloch C, Browne M, Hing N, Rockloff M, Hilbrecht M. Trajectories of wellbeing in people who live with gamblers experiencing a gambling problem: An 18-year longitudinal analysis of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281099. [PMID: 36706129 PMCID: PMC9882902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In cross-sectional gambling studies, friends, family, and others close to those experiencing gambling problems (concerned significant others 'CSOs') tend to report detriments to their quality of life. To date, however, there have been no large, population-based longitudinal studies examining the health and wellbeing of CSOs. We analyse longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey to examine the 18-year trajectories of general, social, health and financial wellbeing of household CSOs (n = 477) and compare these to those without a gambling problem in the household (n = 13,661). CSOs reported significantly worse long-term wellbeing than non-CSOs in their satisfaction with life, number of life stressors, and social, health and financial wellbeing. However, both social and financial wellbeing showed a temporal effect, declining significantly for CSOs at times closer to the exposure to the gambling problem. This finding suggests a causal link between living in a household with a person with a gambling problem and decreased CSO social and financial wellbeing. Policy responses, such as additional social and financial support, could be considered to assist CSOs impacted by another person's gambling problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Tulloch
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew Browne
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nerilee Hing
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Rockloff
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margo Hilbrecht
- The Vanier Institute of the Family, Ontario, Canada
- The Department of Recreation & Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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86
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Marson M, Saccone D, Vallino E. Total trade, cereals trade and undernourishment: new empirical evidence for developing countries. REVIEW OF WORLD ECONOMICS 2023; 159:299-332. [PMCID: PMC9084271 DOI: 10.1007/s10290-022-00468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
While trade policies are considered strategic to shape national food systems and promote food security, the ultimate impact of trade openness on hunger is still highly debated. Using a sample of 81 developing over the period 2001–2016 and principally focusing on the prevalence of undernourishment, this study provides new empirical evidence. Firstly, it estimates the impact of total trade differentiating the effects that pass through changes in real per capita income—i.e. on the economic access to food—from the residual effects that it directly has on the other dimensions of food security. Subsequently, it concentrates on cereals trade, that usually is the most affected by trade restrictions and the most correlated to undernourishment. Finally, it explores the different effects of cereals trade in terms of imports and exports. Three main conclusions emerge: (a) trade openness contributes to lower the prevalence of undernourishment in developing countries and most of this effect is not income-mediated but, rather, passes through the impacts that it directly has on the other dimensions of food security; (b) such impacts are mostly driven by the trade openness of the cereals sector where (c) its import component turns out to play the main role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marson
- Department of Economics and Statistics “Cognetti de Martiis”, University of Turin, Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Turin, Italy
- OEET-Turin Center on Emerging Economies, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Piazza V. Arbarello 8, 10122 Turin, Italy
| | - Donatella Saccone
- OEET-Turin Center on Emerging Economies, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Piazza V. Arbarello 8, 10122 Turin, Italy
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Bra, CN Italy
| | - Elena Vallino
- OEET-Turin Center on Emerging Economies, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Piazza V. Arbarello 8, 10122 Turin, Italy
- Department of Cultures, Politics and Society, University of Turin, Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Turin, Italy
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87
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Utilizing Soccer for Delivery of HIV and Substance Use Prevention for Young South African Men: 6-Month Outcomes of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:842-854. [PMID: 36380117 PMCID: PMC9944297 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Young men in South Africa face the intersecting epidemics of HIV, substance use and endemic poverty. We tested the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention using soccer training to reduce the cluster of risks associated with HIV and substance use. This cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with men aged 18-29 years old in 27 neighborhoods in the townships of Cape Town, South Africa. Neighborhoods were randomized to receive for 6 months either: (1) Soccer League (SL; n = 18 neighborhoods, n = 778 men) who attended soccer three times weekly (72 sessions; 94% uptake, 45.5% weekly attendance rate), combined with an HIV/substance use, cognitive-behavioral intervention; or (2) a Control Condition (CC; n = 9; 415 men) who received educational materials and referrals at 3 month intervals. The primary outcome was the number of significant changes in a cluster of outcomes including HIV-related risks, substance abuse, employment/income, mental health, violence, and community engagement. There was only one significant difference on the rapid diagnostic tests for mandrax at 6 months, an insufficient number of changes to indicate a successful intervention. A group-based behavioral intervention was ineffective in addressing multiple risk behaviors among at-risk young men, similar to the findings of several recent soccer-related interventions. Early adulthood may be too late to alter well-established patterns of risk behaviors.Clinical Trial Registration This trial was prospectively registered on 24 November 2014 with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02358226.
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88
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Gohari MR, Varatharajan T, Patte KA, MacKillop J, Leatherdale ST. The intersection of internalizing symptoms and alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study. Prev Med 2023; 166:107381. [PMID: 36513170 PMCID: PMC9737513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the well-established relationship between alcohol and internalizing symptoms, potential increases in depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to increases in alcohol consumption and binge drinking. This study examines this association from before to during two phases of the pandemic in a cohort of Canadian youth. We used linked data from a sub-sample of 1901 secondary school students who participated in three consecutive school years of the Cannabis use, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol use, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) study between 2018/19 and 2020/21. Separate multilevel logistic regression models examined the association between depression and anxiety symptoms with odds of escalation and reduction (vs. maintenance) and initiation (vs. abstinence) of alcohol consumption. Results show that depression and anxiety symptoms significantly increased over the three years, and these changes were moderated by changes in alcohol consumption and binge drinking. Students with increased depression symptoms were less likely to reduce their alcohol consumption in the early pandemic (Adjust odds ratio [AOR] 0.94, 95% CI:0.90-0.98), more likely to initiate alcohol consumption in the ongoing pandemic period (AOR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05), and more likely to initiate binge drinking in both periods. The depression-alcohol use association was stronger among females than males. This study demonstrates a modest association between internalizing symptoms and alcohol use, particularly for depression symptoms and in females. The identified depression-alcohol use association suggests that preventing or treating depression might be beneficial for adolescent alcohol use and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood R Gohari
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Thepikaa Varatharajan
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Karen A Patte
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines L2S 3A1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Chair in Addictions Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton L8P 3R2, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
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89
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Luzingu JK, Stroupe N, Alaofe H, Jacobs E, Ernst K. Risk factors associated with under-five stunting, wasting, and underweight in four provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo: analysis of the ASSP project baseline data. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2422. [PMID: 36564730 PMCID: PMC9783987 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the magnitude and risk factors of undernutrition in a country that has one of the highest prevalence of undernutrition in the world is paramount for developing contextual interventions. METHODS This study used baseline data from the ASSP project to estimate prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight in four provinces of DRC. It involved 3911 children aged 0-59 months old and mother pairs. Height-for-age Z scores, Weight-for-height Z scores, and Weight-for-age Z scores were calculated and used to classify child stunting, wasting and underweight respectively, based on the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) growth reference. Hierarchical logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors associated with stunting, wasting and underweight. All analyses were conducted using STATA 15.1, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was 42.7%, 21.9% and 8.2% respectively. Increasing child's age was a risk factor associated with stunting and underweight, while sex was not associated with the 3 indicators of undernutrition. Low levels of mother's education, mothers working in the last 12 months prior to the survey, children living in the province of Kasai occidental, children born at a health facility, children perceived by their mothers to be born very small were associated with higher risks of stunting. Factors associated with underweight were children from the province of Kasai occidental, mothers who worked in the last 12 months prior to the survey, and children perceived to be born very small or small by their mothers. Children born to mothers aged 35-49 years and children breastfed in combination with drinking water were at higher risk of wasting. CONCLUSION Prevalence of undernutrition in DRC is high. This study has identified certain modifiable risk factors associated with stunting, wasting and underweight. To reduce the burden of undernutrition in DRC, authorities should target factors at individual and community levels by improving women's education, child feeding practices and promoting agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Kinko Luzingu
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Nancy Stroupe
- IMA World Health, 1730 M Street, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20036 USA
| | - Halimatou Alaofe
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Elizabeth Jacobs
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Kacey Ernst
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
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90
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Dsane-Aidoo PH, Odikro MA, Alomatu H, Ametepi D, Akwensy PS, Ameme DK, Kenu E. Urogenital schistosomiasis outbreak in a basic school, Volta Region, Ghana: a case-control study. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:191. [PMID: 36942139 PMCID: PMC10024558 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.191.33362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction schistosomiasis is a neglected parasitic infection caused by nematode worms. It affects approximately 200 million people globally. Prevalence in Ghana is 23.3%, mostly affecting school children. On November 28th 2018, the Disease Surveillance Department received reports of increase in occurrence of bloody urine among students of a basic school in the Volta Region. We investigated to identify the agent and source, to determine the magnitude, risk factors and to implement control measures. Methods we conducted a case-control study. A suspected case was any student of the school, who has bloody urine with or without: dysuria, itching of the skin, frequent urination or lower abdominal pain from September 2018 to November 2018. A confirmed case was one with laboratory-isolation of Schistosoma ova in appropriate urine sample. We identified cases from the school and hospital records. We collected socio-demographic, clinical and exposure data from cases and controls. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed to estimate odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals (CI) to determine associations. Results of 880 students, 112 suspected cases were identified (attack rate = 12.7%). Mean age of suspected cases was 14-years (standard deviation = ±3.5). Confirmed cases were 76.8%(86/112). Males had twice odds of becoming cases (cOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.35-3.96). Fishing (cOR = 7.29, 95% CI = 4.08-13.04) and swimming (aOR = 44.63, 95% CI = 4.73-420.86) were factors significantly associated with infection. Students with previous history of bloody urine had greater odds of being cases (aOR = 47.9, 95% CI = 4.19-546.55). Conclusion Schistosoma haematobium was isolated in this outbreak. Fishing and swimming were risky water-related activities. WASH education and mass drug administration with Praziquantel were control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Henry Dsane-Aidoo
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, School of Public Health, Legon, Ghana
| | - Magdalene Akos Odikro
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, School of Public Health, Legon, Ghana
| | - Holy Alomatu
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, School of Public Health, Legon, Ghana
| | - Desmond Ametepi
- Ghana Health Service, Ketu North District Health Directorate, Volta Region, Ghana
| | | | - Donne Kofi Ameme
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, School of Public Health, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ernest Kenu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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91
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Tshivhase SE, Mashau NS, Ngobeni T, Ramathuba DU. Occupational health and safety hazards among solid waste handlers at a selected municipality South Africa. Health SA 2022; 27:1978. [PMID: 36570087 PMCID: PMC9772716 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v27i0.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solid waste management is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world because of its potential harm from the waste to the environment and the public. Therefore, the protection of human health and the environment is a challenge that all countries are facing. Aim The study explored occupational health and safety hazards among waste handlers at a selected municipality in Limpopo Province. Setting The study was conducted in one municipality in the Vhembe District. Methods The study used a qualitative, explorative and contextual design to explore occupational health and safety hazards among participants. Participants were sampled using purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews that lasted between 40 min and 45 min. The sampled size comprised 18 participants and was determined by data saturation. Tesch's open coding was used to analyse data, where the main theme, categories and sub-categories emerged. Results The findings revealed the main theme, namely municipal waste handlers experience occupational health and safety hazards. Four categories emerged from the main theme, namely physical, psychosocial, biological and chemical hazards. The categories were further divided into sub-categories such as exposure to extreme weather conditions and musculoskeletal injuries. Conclusion Solid waste handlers experienced preventable physical and chemical occupational health and safety hazards that are inherent to their job. It is recommended that workers be provided with adequate suitable protective equipment to reduce the level of occupational health hazards. Contribution The findings in this study will help in closing the gaps by the municipality for failing to prioritise working conditions for municipality waste handlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shonisani E. Tshivhase
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Ntsieni S. Mashau
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Takalani Ngobeni
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Dorah U. Ramathuba
- Department of Advanced Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Examining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on youth Alcohol Consumption: longitudinal Changes From Pre-to Intra-pandemic Drinking in the COMPASS Study. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:665-672. [PMID: 36088229 PMCID: PMC9451939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, there are few longitudinal studies on the COVID-19 pandemic's ongoing impact on youth drinking. This study examines the changes in drinking during two phases of the pandemic in a sample of Canadian youth. METHODS We used four-year longitudinal data from the COMPASS study, including 14,085 secondary school students from Quebec and Ontario, Canada who provided linked data for any two consecutive years between 2017/18 and 2018/19 (pre-pandemic) waves, and 2019/20 and 2020/21 (during the initial and ongoing pandemic). A difference-in-difference (D-I-D) model was used to compare changes in the frequency of drinking and binge drinking between pre-COVID-19 to initial- and ongoing-pandemic period, while adjusted for age-related effects. RESULTS The expected escalation in the frequency of drinking and binge drinking from the pre-pandemic wave (2018/19) to the initial pandemic (2019/20) was less than the changes seen across the 2017/18 to 2018/19 waves among sex and age groups. However, the second year of COVID was associated with an increase in the frequencies of both drinking and binge drinking. Male and younger students (aged 12-14) differentially increased their consumption. DISCUSSION After a reduction in the initial pandemic period, the frequency of drinking and binge drinking rebounded in the second year, indicating that the pandemic's effects are not singular and have changed over time. Further examination is needed to understand the ongoing effects of the pandemic by continuing to monitor drinking in youth toward informing public health measures and harm reduction strategies.
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93
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Irvine DS, Lee EY, Janssen I, Leatherdale ST. Gendered associations between e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour in a sample of Canadian adolescents. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100029. [PMID: 38515886 PMCID: PMC10953981 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Objectives To examine associations between e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour among a large sample of Canadian adolescents (Grades 9-12) by sex. Methods Cross-sectional data from 55,629 students who participated in COMPASS Year 6 (2017-2018) were used. Exposures included e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. Outcomes included meeting recommendations for moderate- to vigorous- physical activity (MVPA;≥60 min/d), muscular strengthening exercises (MSE;≥3 time/wk), and recreational screen time (ST;≤2 h/day) and participating in intramurals or competitive team sports. Logistic regressions were performed after adjusting for relevant covariates. Results Male adolescents showed higher prevalence of e-cigarette use (40.0% vs 31.3%) and cigarette smoking (4.4% vs 2.9%) than females. Both males and females who used e-cigarettes were more likely to meet MVPA and MSE recommendations, but less likely to meet the ST recommendation than those who did not use e-cigarettes. E-cigarette use was also consistently associated with more sport participation in males, however, among females the results were mixed. Current cigarette use was associated with meeting the MVPA recommendation and less participation in intramurals in males; however, in females, current cigarette smoking was consistently associated with less participation in any sports. Former cigarette use was associated with participation in competitive team sport within school and meeting the MSE recommendation in females only. Conclusions This study found that associations between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking with physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sport participation are largely gendered. Identifying differential co-occurrence of risk behaviours by gender is important for future health promotion efforts targeting physical activity among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan S. Irvine
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 28 Division St, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division St, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
- Department of Gender Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division St, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division St, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, 28 Division St, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Scott T. Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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94
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Impulsivity and aggression in suicide ideators and suicide attempters of high and low lethality. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:753. [PMID: 36457001 PMCID: PMC9714086 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity and aggression have been associated with all forms of suicidal behaviour and linked to theories of suicide capability. There is a need to clarify the role of impulsivity and aggression in the progression from suicidal thoughts to suicide attempts and suicide. METHOD In this naturalistic cross-sectional study, suicide ideators (35), low lethal suicide attempters (37), and high lethal suicide attempters (26) were compared with the Columbia-suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS), Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11), and the Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire (AQ). RESULTS Physical aggression score (p = 0.032) contributed to the difference between predicted low lethal suicide attempt and predicted high lethal suicide attempt. This model predicting physical aggression showed a fairly weak positive relationship (OR = 1.1) to high lethal attempt and explained 13% of the variance so there is a need for further replications to verify these results. Impulsive behaviour scores in females were significantly higher in the low lethal suicide attempt group compared to suicide ideators (F(2.51) = 3.47, p = 0.039, η²= 0.12). Hostility aggression in females was significantly higher in the high lethal suicide attempters compared to suicide ideators (F(2.52) = 3.53, p = 0.037, η² = 0.12). Physical aggression scores in females were significantly higher in the high lethal attempters compared to suicide ideators (F(2.52) = 6.79, p = 0.002, η²= 0.21). When these analyses were conducted without the participants who died in suicide, men in the high lethal attempt group scored significantly higher than men in the low lethal attempt group (F(2.37) = 3.8, p = 0.031, η² = 0.17), but men did not differ in aggression and impulsivity scores in other comparisons. CONCLUSION Suicide prevention should address physical aggression, as high levels can be associated with high lethal attempts. Assessment of suicidal patients should address impulsive behaviour with the insight that it can be more prominent in female low lethal suicide attempters. It could be that assessment and treatment of suicidal patients should be tailored differently for men and women. Aggression as a feature of suicide capability could be the link that makes suicide possible.
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95
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Azeez I, Yusuf B, Fasanmade A. SKINFOLD MEASUREMENTS AS DETERMINANTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS AMONG ADULT HYPERTENSIVES ATTENDING A SECONDARY HEALTHCARE CENTRE IN NIGERIA. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2022; 20:169-176. [PMID: 37384341 PMCID: PMC10295094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally, making it a growing pandemic affecting adults and children. Obesity is associated with multiple morbidities and mortalities increasing the burden on the health care system. Objective There is inadequacy of data in Nigeria on the prevalence of obesity among adult patients with hypertension and adequate data on these conditions would help in their comprehensive management. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 354 patients with hypertension, and the systematic sampling technique was used to recruit patients. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 23. Logistic regressions and linear regressions were done to determine the predictors of obesity and blood pressure levels. Results The mean age of the respondents was 52.60(SD±8.26) years and the prevalence of obesity was 53.1%. After adjusting for other variables, the predictors of obesity were female sex. Females were about six times more likely to be obese than males (OR=6.23; 95%CI= 3.16 - 12.32). For every 1 unit increase in triceps skinfold, there was a statistically significant increase in diastolic blood pressure by about 2.77units (95% C.I equals 2.63 to 2.91, p-value= 0.0001). Also, for every 1 unit increase in biceps skinfold, there was a statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure by about 5.78 units (95% C.I equals 5.46- 6.10, p-value= 0.0001). Conclusion The prevalence of obesity was high, and the predictors of obesity were female sex. Triceps skinfold measurements were predictors of diastolic blood pressure while biceps skinfold measurements were predictors of systolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.A. Azeez
- Department of Family Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - B.I. Yusuf
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A.A. Fasanmade
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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96
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Bain LE, Akondeng C, Njamnshi WY, Mandi HE, Amu H, Njamnshi AK. Community engagement in research in sub-Saharan Africa: current practices, barriers, facilitators, ethical considerations and the role of gender - a systematic review. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:152. [PMID: 36785694 PMCID: PMC9922083 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.152.36861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction meaningful community engagement is increasingly being considered the major determinant of successful research, innovation and intervention uptake. Even though there is available literature recommending community engagement in health research, there are still knowledge gaps in how communities might be best engaged in Sub-Saharan Africa. We, therefore, synthesized the existing literature on the current practices, barriers and facilitators, ethical considerations, and gender mainstreaming in the engagement of communities in research in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods this synthesis was developed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A combination of keywords and medical subject headings was used to search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health Library through OVID SP, the Cochrane Library, PsychINFO, CINAHL, WHO Afro Library, WHO Global Index Medicus and the National Institute for Health Research, for all literature published between 1 January 2000 to 31 July 2021. Results thirty articles met our inclusion criteria. The key reported facilitators of effective community engagement in research included appropriate community entry and engagement of stakeholders. Barriers to effective community engagement in research included the availability of prohibitive cultural, historical and religious practices; geographical/spatial limitations, difficulties in planning and executing community engagement activities and communication barriers. Awareness creation and sensitization on the research through drama, social media, documentaries, and community durbars are some of the existing practices adopted in engaging communities in research. Gender mainstreaming was not considered appropriately in the engagement of communities in research, as only a few studies made provisions for gender considerations, and most of the time, interchanging gender for sex. Respect for autonomy, privacy and informed consent were the main ethical issues reported. Conclusion gender mainstreaming and ethical standards were reported as important, but not explored in depth. Gender as a social construct needs to be carefully integrated in the entire research cycle. Clear ethical concerns within a research project have to be co-discussed by the research team, community members and potential research participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchuo Engelbert Bain
- Triangle Research Foundation (TRIFT), Limbe, Cameroon
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Global South Health Services and Research (GSHS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudine Akondeng
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Cameroon National Association of Family Welfare (CAMNAFAW), Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Wepnyu Yembe Njamnshi
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Education and Learning for All (ELFA) Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Division of Operational Research in Health, DROS, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Henshaw Eyambe Mandi
- Triangle Research Foundation (TRIFT), Limbe, Cameroon
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hubert Amu
- Department of Population and Behavioral Sciences, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Education and Learning for All (ELFA) Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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97
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Kapwata T, Gebreslasie MT, Wright CY. An analysis of past and future heatwaves based on a heat-associated mortality threshold: towards a heat health warning system. Environ Health 2022; 21:112. [PMID: 36401226 PMCID: PMC9675182 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heatwaves can have severe impacts on human health extending from illness to mortality. These health effects are related to not only the physical phenomenon of heat itself but other characteristics such as frequency, intensity, and duration of heatwaves. Therefore, understanding heatwave characteristics is a crucial step in the development of heat-health warning systems (HHWS) that could prevent or reduce negative heat-related health outcomes. However, there are no South African studies that have quantified heatwaves with a threshold that incorporated a temperature metric based on a health outcome. To fill this gap, this study aimed to assess the spatial and temporal distribution and frequency of past (2014 - 2019) and future (period 2020 - 2039) heatwaves across South Africa. Heatwaves were defined using a threshold for diurnal temperature range (DTR) that was found to have measurable impacts on mortality. In the current climate, inland provinces experienced fewer heatwaves of longer duration and greater intensity compared to coastal provinces that experienced heatwaves of lower intensity. The highest frequency of heatwaves occurred during the austral summer accounting for a total of 150 events out of 270 from 2014 to 2019. The heatwave definition applied in this study also identified severe heatwaves across the country during late 2015 to early 2016 which was during the strongest El Niño event ever recorded to date. Record-breaking global temperatures were reported during this period; the North West province in South Africa was the worst affected experiencing heatwaves ranging from 12 to 77 days. Future climate analysis showed increasing trends in heatwave events with the greatest increases (80%-87%) expected to occur during summer months. The number of heatwaves occurring in cooler seasons is expected to increase with more events projected from the winter months of July and August, onwards. The findings of this study show that the identification of provinces and towns that experience intense, long-lasting heatwaves is crucial to inform development and implementation of targeted heat-health adaptation strategies. These findings could also guide authorities to prioritise vulnerable population groups such as the elderly and children living in high-risk areas likely to be affected by heatwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandi Kapwata
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - Michael T Gebreslasie
- School of Agriculture, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 3629, South Africa
| | - Caradee Y Wright
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, 0084, South Africa
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98
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Zeinolabedini M, Heidarnia A, Shakerinejad G, Motlagh ME. Perceived job demands: a qualitative study of workplace stress in the Iranian healthcare workers (HCWs). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061925. [PMID: 36385035 PMCID: PMC9670948 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Work-related stress is a common risk factor among healthcare workers (HCWs). In Iran, the healthcare system has undergone extensive changes to develop services. Organisational change has led to the creation of new working conditions for HCWs. The purpose of this study is to identify job demands that health workers perceive as stressors. DESIGN As a qualitative study, semistructured interviews, a focus group, and related data were analysed both inductively and deductively with reference to the job demand component based on the job demands-resources model and MAXQDA. SETTING This investigation was conducted in 18 primary healthcare centres in Qazvin, Iran. PARTICIPANT Twenty-one female HCWs with at least 6 months of work experience and an average age of 34.4 years. RESULTS The participants identified six key elements as the stressful job demands including organisation's supervisory function, role characteristics, workload, job insecurity, client service challenges and perceived job content. CONCLUSIONS After organisational changes and development, HCWs were faced with role changes and increased workload. In addition, organisational supervision in terms of quantity and quality and lack of job security intensified the pressures. These factors led to the high level of stress among employees who dealt with people and those who perceived their job content as unfavourable. Perhaps teaching stress control skills and organisational support interventions can be useful to reduce and control stress among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoume Zeinolabedini
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Alireza Heidarnia
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ghodratollah Shakerinejad
- Health Education Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh
- Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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99
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Pramaunururut P, Anuntakulnathee P, Wangroongsarb P, Vongchansathapat T, Romsaithong K, Rangwanich J, Nukaeow N, Chansaenwilai P, Greeviroj P, Worawitrattanakul P, Rojanaprapai P, Tantisirirux V, Thakhampaeng P, Rattanasumawong W, Rangsin R, Mungthin M, Sakboonyarat B. Alcohol consumption and its associated factors among adolescents in a rural community in central Thailand: a mixed-methods study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19605. [PMID: 36380057 PMCID: PMC9666648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early onset of alcohol use was associated with alcohol dependence and other health problems. We aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among adolescents in a rural community in Thailand. A mixed-methods study was carried out in 2021 using an explanatory sequential design. The study enrolled a total of 413 adolescents. On average, young adolescents initiated alcohol consumption at age 13. The lifetime drinking prevalence among adolescents was 60.5%, while the 1-year drinking prevalence was 53.0%. The prevalence of hazardous drinking among current drinkers was 42.0%. Alcohol consumption was associated with females (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR): 1.19; 95% CI 1.01-1.41), age ≥ 16 years (APR: 1.28; 95% CI 1.09-1.50), having close friends consuming alcohol (APR: 1.75; 95% CI 1.43-2.14), night out (APR: 1.93; 95% CI 1.53-2.45), being a current smoker (APR: 1.39; 95% CI 1.15-1.69), and having relationship (with boyfriend/girlfriend) problems (APR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.01-1.38). Qualitative data demonstrated that individual and environmental factors, including friends, family, social media use, and alcohol accessibility, affect alcohol use in this population. Therefore, effective strategies should be implemented across multiple levels of the socio-ecological model simultaneously to alleviate alcohol consumption and attenuate its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pongpisut Thakhampaeng
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanida Rattanasumawong
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ram Rangsin
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Boonsub Sakboonyarat
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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100
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Correlates of domain-specific sedentary behaviors and objectively assessed sedentary time among elementary school children. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18848. [PMID: 36344564 PMCID: PMC9640687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the correlates of sedentary behavior among children is essential in developing effective interventions to reduce sitting time in this vulnerable population. This study aimed to identify correlates of domain-specific sedentary behaviors and objectively assessed sedentary time among a sample of children in Japan. Data from 343 children (aged 6-12 years) living in Japan were used. Domain-specific sedentary behaviors were assessed using a questionnaire. Total sedentary time was estimated using hip-worn accelerometers. Twenty-two potential correlates across five categories (parental characteristics, household indoor environment, residential neighborhood environment, school environment, and school neighborhood environment) were included. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify correlates of domain-specific sedentary behaviors and objectively assessed sedentary time. Eight correlates were significantly associated with children's domain-specific sedentary behaviors: mother's and father's age, mother's educational level, having a video/DVD recorder/player, having a video console, having a TV one's own room, home's Walk Score®, and pedestrian/cycling safety. No significant associations were found between potential correlates and accelerometer-based total sedentary time. These findings highlight that strategies to reduce children's sedentary time should consider the context of these behaviors. For example, urban design attributes such as perceived pedestrian and cycling safety can be improved to reduce children's car sitting time.
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