101
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Erichsen JM, Fadel JR, Reagan LP. Peripheral versus central insulin and leptin resistance: Role in metabolic disorders, cognition, and neuropsychiatric diseases. Neuropharmacology 2022; 203:108877. [PMID: 34762922 PMCID: PMC8642294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin and leptin are classically regarded as peptide hormones that play key roles in metabolism. In actuality, they serve several functions in both the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). Likewise, insulin and leptin resistance can occur both peripherally and centrally. Metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity share several key features including insulin and leptin resistance. While the peripheral effects of these disorders are well-known (i.e. cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, dyslipidemia, etc.), the CNS complications of leptin and insulin resistance have come into sharper focus. Both preclinical and clinical findings have indicated that insulin and leptin resistance are associated with cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression. Importantly, these studies also suggest that these deficits in neuroplasticity can be reversed by restoration of insulin and leptin sensitivity. In view of these observations, this review will describe, in detail, the peripheral and central functions of insulin and leptin and explain the role of insulin and leptin resistance in various metabolic disorders, cognition, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Erichsen
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Jim R Fadel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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102
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The complex interactions among serotonin, insulin, leptin, and glycolipid metabolic parameters in human obesity. CNS Spectr 2022; 27:99-108. [PMID: 32921339 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852920001820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide evidence to the link between serotonin (5-HT), energy metabolism, and the human obese phenotype, the present study investigated the binding and function of the platelet 5-HT transporter (SERT), in relation to circulating insulin, leptin, and glycolipid metabolic parameters. METHODS Seventy-four drug-free subjects were recruited on the basis of divergent body mass index (BMIs) (16.5-54.8 Kg/m2). All subjects were tested for their blood glycolipid profile together with platelet [3H]-paroxetine ([3H]-Par) binding and [3H]-5-HT reuptake measurements from April 1st to June 30th, 2019. RESULTS The [3H]-Par Bmax (fmol/mg proteins) was progressively reduced with increasing BMIs (P < .001), without changes in affinity. Moreover, Bmax was negatively correlated with BMI, waist/hip circumferences (W/HC), triglycerides (TD), glucose, insulin, and leptin, while positively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P < .01). The reduction of 5-HT uptake rate (Vmax, pmol/min/109 platelets) among BMI groups was not statistically significant, but Vmax negatively correlated with leptin and uptake affinity values (P < .05). Besides, [3H]-Par affinity values positively correlated with glycemia and TD, while [3H]-5-HT reuptake affinity with glycemia only (P < .05). Finally, these correlations were specific of obese subjects, while, from multiple linear-regression analysis conducted on all subjects, insulin (P = .006) resulting negatively related to Bmax independently from BMI. CONCLUSIONS Present findings suggest the presence of a possible alteration of insulin/5-HT/leptin axis in obesity, differentially impinging the density, function, and/or affinity of the platelet SERT, as a result of complex appetite/reward-related interactions between the brain, gut, pancreatic islets, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, they support the foremost cooperation of peptides and 5-HT in maintaining energy homeostasis.
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103
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Thorsteinsdottir S, Olafsdottir AS, Brynjolfsdottir B, Bjarnason R, Njardvik U. Odds of fussy eating are greater among children with obesity and anxiety. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:91-100. [PMID: 35127125 PMCID: PMC8804926 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fussy eating has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and depression. Despite these disorders being prevalent in obesity treatment, no studies have been published on the association of fussy eating in children with obesity and these disorders. Understanding fussy eating in children with obesity and comorbid disorders is important as acceptance of healthy foods tends to be low, especially in children with sensory sensitivities. OBJECTIVES Investigate the prevalence of fussy eating in a cross-sectional sample of children with obesity and ASD, ADHD, anxiety, and depression; and whether they were more likely to be fussy eaters, comparing those with and without these disorders. METHODS One hundred and four children referred to family-based obesity treatment in Iceland 2011-2016, mean age 12.0 (SD = 3.0), mean body mass index standard deviation score 3.5 (SD = 0.9). Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between fussy eating and disorders, adjusting for medication use. RESULTS A large minority (41.6%) were fussy eaters and 48.9% had at least one comorbid disorder. Over a third of children rejected bitter and sour tastes, and 1.9% and 7.9% rejected sweet and salty tastes, respectively. Compared with those without disorders, the odds of being a fussy eater were increased by a factor of 4.11 when having anxiety (95% confidence intervals) (1.02-16.58, p = 00.046), adjusting for medication use. The odds of being a fussy eater were not increased for other disorders; ASD, ADHD, or depression. CONCLUSIONS In children attending obesity treatment, fussy eating was common. Clinical care models in pediatric obesity treatment should address fussy eating, especially in children with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna S. Olafsdottir
- Faculty of Health Promotion, Sport and Leisure StudiesUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | | | - Ragnar Bjarnason
- Department of PediatricsLandspitali University HospitalReykjavikIceland
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Urdur Njardvik
- Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
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104
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Beck D, de Lange AMG, Alnæs D, Maximov II, Pedersen ML, Leinhard OD, Linge J, Simon R, Richard G, Ulrichsen KM, Dørum ES, Kolskår KK, Sanders AM, Winterton A, Gurholt TP, Kaufmann T, Steen NE, Nordvik JE, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Adipose tissue distribution from body MRI is associated with cross-sectional and longitudinal brain age in adults. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102949. [PMID: 35114636 PMCID: PMC8814666 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an intimate body-brain connection in ageing, and obesity is a key risk factor for poor cardiometabolic health and neurodegenerative conditions. Although research has demonstrated deleterious effects of obesity on brain structure and function, the majority of studies have used conventional measures such as waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, and body mass index. While sensitive to gross features of body composition, such global anthropometric features fail to describe regional differences in body fat distribution and composition. The sample consisted of baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquired from 790 healthy participants aged 18-94 years (mean ± standard deviation (SD) at baseline: 46.8 ± 16.3), and follow-up brain MRI collected from 272 of those individuals (two time-points with 19.7 months interval, on average (min = 9.8, max = 35.6). Of the 790 included participants, cross-sectional body MRI data was available from a subgroup of 286 participants, with age range 19-86 (mean = 57.6, SD = 15.6). Adopting a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal design, we investigated cross-sectional body magnetic resonance imaging measures of adipose tissue distribution in relation to longitudinal brain structure using MRI-based morphometry (T1) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We estimated tissue-specific brain age at two time points and performed Bayesian multilevel modelling to investigate the associations between adipose measures at follow-up and brain age gap (BAG) - the difference between actual age and the prediction of the brain's biological age - at baseline and follow-up. We also tested for interactions between BAG and both time and age on each adipose measure. The results showed credible associations between T1-based BAG and liver fat, muscle fat infiltration (MFI), and weight-to-muscle ratio (WMR), indicating older-appearing brains in people with higher measures of adipose tissue. Longitudinal evidence supported interaction effects between time and MFI and WMR on T1-based BAG, indicating accelerated ageing over the course of the study period in people with higher measures of adipose tissue. The results show that specific measures of fat distribution are associated with brain ageing and that different compartments of adipose tissue may be differentially linked with increased brain ageing, with potential to identify key processes involved in age-related transdiagnostic disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Beck
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway.
| | - Ann-Marie G de Lange
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences-Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivan I Maximov
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mads L Pedersen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Linge
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rozalyn Simon
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine M Ulrichsen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Erlend S Dørum
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Knut K Kolskår
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Adriano Winterton
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril P Gurholt
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Norway.
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105
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Kauffman BY, Gallagher MW, Viana AG, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Computer-delivered intervention for individuals with obesity and elevated anxiety sensitivity: feasibility, acceptability, and initial test. Cogn Behav Ther 2022; 51:353-370. [PMID: 35037832 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.2018487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one the fastest growing public health problems related to numerous chronic diseases and frequently co-occurs with negative mood states. One promising approach to address the heterogeneity of affective vulnerabilities and obesity is to focus on processes (e.g. anxiety sensitivity [AS]) that underpin both conditions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a brief, computer-delivered AS reduction program (AST) for adults with obesity and elevated AS. Participants were 131 individuals with obesity and elevated AS who received either AST or a health information control (HC). Latent growth curve modeling was utilized to examine the effect of treatment condition on change in AS, emotional eating, expectancies of eating to manage mood, and exercise self-efficacy from baseline to 1-week, 2-weeks, and 1-month follow-up. Results indicated it was feasible to recruit and retain individuals with obesity and elevated AS through the 1-month follow-up. Positive qualitative feedback was also provided for both AST and HC. AST was a statistically significant predictor of change in expectancies of eating to manage negative affect. No other statistically significant treatment effects were indicated. Current data provide initial empirical support for future work focused on persons with obesity and elevated AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Y Kauffman
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andres G Viana
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas Md Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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106
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Ottino C, Strippoli MPF, Gholam M, Lasserre AM, Vandeleur CL, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P, Clair C, Preisig M. Short-term and long-term effects of major depressive disorder subtypes on obesity markers and impact of sex on these associations. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:570-578. [PMID: 34718038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies with conflicting results have examined the effects of sex on the prospective association between depression and subsequent obesity. OBJECTIVE (1) To simultaneously assess the associations of the subtypes (atypical, melancholic, unspecified) of major depressive disorder (MDD) measured at baseline and subtypes of major depressive episodes (MDE) that emerged during a 5.5-year follow-up with changes in obesity markers (body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass) during this follow-up, and (2) to test the effect of sex on these associations. METHODS Data from CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a population-based cohort study including 2702 participants (50.1% women, mean age 49.6 years). Criteria for mental disorders were elicited using semi-structured interviews. RESULTS History of atypical MDD at baseline was associated with a steeper increase in BMI and waist circumference, whereas atypical MDE during follow-up was associated with a steeper increase in the three studied obesity markers. Melancholic MDD at baseline was associated with a steeper increase in BMI. Several significant interactions with sex were found indicating higher increase in fat mass in men than in women following melancholic MDD reported at baseline, higher decrease in BMI and fat mass in women than in men related to melancholic MDE emerging during follow-up and higher increase in waist circumference in men than in women following unspecified MDD reported at baseline. LIMITATIONS Urban sample which may not be representative for the whole population. CONCLUSIONS Our results further advocate for the specific need of a thorough monitoring of obesity markers in patients with atypical MDD and suggest less favorable obesity marker changes mainly related to melancholic MDE in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Ottino
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Av. Edouard-Rod 28, Lausanne CH-1007, Switzerland.
| | - Marie-Pierre F Strippoli
- Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Gholam
- Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie M Lasserre
- Addiction Medicine, Department of psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline L Vandeleur
- Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carole Clair
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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107
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Kauffman BY, Rogers AH, Garey L, Zvolensky MJ. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults with obesity and chronic pain: the role of anxiety sensitivity. Cogn Behav Ther 2022; 51:295-308. [PMID: 35001838 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.2011396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and chronic pain frequently co-occur, and this co-occurrence can have potential negative consequences, particularly as it relates to mental health. As such, there is a need to understand potential risk factors for poor mental health among this co-morbid population. Thus, the current study examined the predictive role of anxiety sensitivity (and its sub-facets) on anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults (82.5% female, Mage = 40.2 years, SD = 10.92) with obesity and chronic pain. Results revealed that greater levels of anxiety sensitivity were associated with greater levels of both anxiety and depressive symptoms, with medium to large effect sizes. Post hoc analyses also indicated that specific sub-facets of anxiety sensitivity (cognitive and social concerns) were significant predictors of the criterion variables. The current study highlights the potential clinical utility in targeting anxiety sensitivity among individuals with co-occurring obesity and chronic pain in the treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew H Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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108
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Osterland A, King C, Kumar N, Mocarski M, Ramasamy A, Walker C, Darji H, Godley P. Retrospective descriptive analysis of a managed care population with obesity. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:83-89. [PMID: 34643454 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1991900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To reveal the extent of obesity in a single healthcare system and provide a blueprint for other health systems to perform similar analyses, this study describes characteristics and weight change patterns of patients classified with overweight and obesity at a large integrated delivery network (IDN) in the South-Central United States. METHODS A descriptive, observational, retrospective study was conducted using electronic medical records and claims data. Patients were ≥18 years old, body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2, and continuously enrolled in the IDN plan for ≥6 months before and ≥12 months after the index date. Demographics, comorbidities, BMI, and weight were collected. Weight changes were assessed annually, and anti-obesity medications (AOM) use was also captured. RESULTS A total of 36,430 eligible patients were identified. A subset of 22,712 patients was continuously enrolled for the entire study period (mean age: 57.2) and were primarily white (83.3%) and commercially insured (54.3%). Most patients were categorized as overweight (40.1%) or obesity class I (32.5%) at baseline. At years 1 and 4 post-index, patients who maintained index weight (±3%) was 56.2% and 37.0%, respectively, whereas weight gain (≥3% increase) was 23.7% and 33.3%, respectively. AOM use (1.1%) primarily consisted of phentermine-hydrochloride (n = 114, 0.5%) and orlistat (n = 115, 0.5%). CONCLUSIONS An increasing proportion of patients gained weight over time, combined with low AOM use, emphasizing the need for weight-loss interventions in this population. Findings from this study provide a foundation for health systems to perform similar analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire King
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Godley
- Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
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109
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Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Deeh Defo PB, Sahin N, Ojalvo SP, Sylla S, Komorowski JR, Sahin K. Effects of a Novel Magnesium Complex on Metabolic and Cognitive Functions and the Expression of Synapse-Associated Proteins in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:247-260. [PMID: 33591492 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effects of a novel form of magnesium, Mg picolinate (MgPic), to magnesium oxide (MgO) on metabolic and cognitive functions and the expression of genes associated with these functions in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control, MgO, MgPic, HFD, HFD + MgO, and HFD + MgPic. Mg was supplemented at 500 mg of elemental Mg/kg diet for 8 weeks. MgPic and MgO supplementation decreased visceral fat, serum glucose, insulin, leptin, TC, TG, FFA, testosterone, FSH, LH, SHBG, IGF-1, and MDA levels, but increased brain SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in HFD rats. Inflammation and cognitive-related markers (presynaptic synapsin PSD95, postsynaptic PSD93, postsynaptic GluR1, and GluR2) were improved in HFD rats administered Mg, with more significant effects seen in the MgPic group. MgPic also decreased brain NF-κB but elevated brain Nrf2 levels, compared with the HFD group. The phosphorylation levels of Akt (Thr308), Akt (Ser473), PI3K try 458/199, and Ser9-GSK-3 in the brain were improved after Mg treatment in HFD rats, with more potent effects seen from MgPic supplementation. MgPic has a higher bioavailability and is more effective in improving metabolic parameters and enhancing memory than MgO. The pro-cognitive effects of MgO and MgPic could be mediated via modulation of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor and activation of the PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling pathway. These findings further support the use of MgPic in the management of metabolic and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sara Perez Ojalvo
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition 21 LLC, Purchase, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Sylla
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition 21 LLC, Purchase, NY, USA
| | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
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Asch RH, Holmes SE, Jastreboff AM, Potenza MN, Baldassarri SR, Carson RE, Pietrzak RH, Esterlis I. Lower synaptic density is associated with psychiatric and cognitive alterations in obesity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:543-552. [PMID: 34294874 PMCID: PMC8674236 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious medical condition that often co-occurs with stress-related psychiatric disorders. It is recognized that the brain plays a key role in the (patho)physiology of obesity and that there is a bidirectional relationship between obesity and psychopathology, yet molecular mechanisms altered in obesity have not been fully elucidated. Thus, we investigated relationships between obesity and synaptic density in vivo using the radioligand [11C]UCB-J (which binds to synaptic glycoprotein SV2A) and positron emission tomography in individuals with obesity, and with or without stress-related psychiatric disorders. Regions of interest were the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Forty individuals with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (overweight/obese), with (n = 28) or without (n = 12) psychiatric diagnosis, were compared to 30 age- and sex-matched normal weight individuals (BMI < 25), with (n = 14) or without (n = 16) psychiatric diagnosis. Overall, significantly lower synaptic density was observed in overweight/obese relative to normal weight participants (ηp2 = 0.193, F = 2.35, p = 0.042). Importantly, in participants with stress-related psychiatric diagnoses, we found BMI to be negatively correlated with synaptic density in all regions of interest (p ≤ 0.03), but no such relationship observed for mentally healthy controls (p ≥ 0.68). In the stress-related psychiatric groups, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex synaptic density was negatively associated with measures of worry (r = -0.46, p = 0.01), tension/anxiety (r = -0.38, p = 0.04), fatigue (r = -0.44, p = 0.02), and attentional difficulties (r = -0.44, p = 0.02). In summary, the findings of this novel in vivo experiment suggest compounding effects of obesity and stress-related psychopathology on the brain and the associated symptomatology that may impact functioning. This offers a novel biological mechanism for the relationship between overweight/obesity and stress-related psychiatric disorders that may guide future intervention development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H Asch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sophie E Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ania M Jastreboff
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology & Metabolism) and Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Endocrinology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Richard E Carson
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
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Małczak P, Mizera M, Lee Y, Pisarska-Adamczyk M, Wysocki M, Bała MM, Witowski J, Rubinkiewicz M, Dudek A, Stefura T, Torbicz G, Tylec P, Gajewska N, Vongsurbchart T, Su M, Major P, Pędziwiatr M. Quality of Life After Bariatric Surgery-a Systematic Review with Bayesian Network Meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2021; 31:5213-5223. [PMID: 34633614 PMCID: PMC8595157 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comprehensive analysis and comparison of HRQoL following different bariatric interventions through systematic review with network meta-analysis. BACKGROUND Different types of bariatric surgeries have been developed throughout the years. Apart from weight loss and comorbidities remission, improvement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important outcome of metabolic surgery. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases have been searched up to April 2020. Inclusion criteria to the analysis were (1) study with at least 2 arms comparing bariatric surgeries; (2) reporting of HRQoL with a validated tool; (3) follow-up period of 1, 2, 3, or 5 years. Network meta-analysis was conducted using Bayesian statistics. The primary outcome was HRQoL. RESULTS Forty-seven studies were included in the analysis involving 26,629 patients and 11 different surgeries such as sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), gastric bypass (LRYGB), one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), and other. At 1 year, there was significant difference in HRQoL in favor of LSG, LRYGB, and OAG compared with lifestyle intervention (SMD: 0.44; 95% CrI 0.2 to 0.68 for LSG, SMD: 0.56; 95% CrI 0.31 to 0.8 for LRYGB; and SMD: 0.43; 95% CrI 0.06 to 0.8 for OAGB). At 5 years, LSG, LRYGB, and OAGB showed better HRQoL compared to control (SMD: 0.92; 95% CrI 0.58 to 1.26, SMD: 1.27; 95% CrI 0.94 to 1.61, and SMD: 1.01; 95% CrI 0.63 to 1.4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS LSG and LRYGB may lead to better HRQoL across most follow-up time points. Long-term analysis shows that bariatric intervention results in better HRQoL than non-surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Małczak
- Department of Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 7 , 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mizera
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Yung Lee
- Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Magdalena Pisarska-Adamczyk
- Department of Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 7 , 30-688, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Michał Wysocki
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Hospital in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata M Bała
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jan Witowski
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Rubinkiewicz
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Alicja Dudek
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stefura
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Torbicz
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Hospital in Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Tylec
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Natalia Gajewska
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tanawat Vongsurbchart
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Michael Su
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Michał Pędziwiatr
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Samadoulougou S, Idzerda L, Letarte L, McKay R, Quesnel-Vallée A, Lebel A. Self-perceived health status among adults with obesity in Quebec: a cluster analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 67:43-49. [PMID: 34863927 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE People with obesity are a highly heterogeneous group. Characterizing this heterogeneity may help to improve public health by offering adapted interventions and treatments to more homogeneous sub-groups among obese patients. This research aims to (1) identify distinct clusters of people with obesity based on demographic, behavioural, and clinical factors in the province of Quebec (Canada) and (2) assess the association of these clusters with self-perceived health. METHODS We conducted a sex specific cluster analysis (multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering) of adults with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30kg/m2 from the 2015-2016 Canadian Community Health Survey in Quebec. Clusters were based on demographic, clinical, and behavioural characteristics. The clusters were tested for association with poor self-perceived health using logistic regression. RESULTS Three clusters of individuals with obesity were identified. These were (1) young individuals, (2) people with higher levels of depression and anxiety, and (3) older adults with high comorbidity. Those with high levels of depression and anxiety (9% of men versus 13% of women) were associated with the poorest self-perceived health. CONCLUSION People with obesity in Quebec can be categorized into three clusters based on demographic, clinical, and behavioural characteristics. The findings of this study draw attention to the need to examine the coexistence of obesity with depression and anxiety, particularly as it relates to self-perceived health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sékou Samadoulougou
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec, Canada; Graduate School of Land Management and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning, Architecture, Art and Design, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Leanne Idzerda
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec, Canada; Graduate School of Land Management and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning, Architecture, Art and Design, Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evidence Synthesis and Knowledge Translation Unit, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Laurence Letarte
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec, Canada; Graduate School of Land Management and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning, Architecture, Art and Design, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel McKay
- McGill Observatory on Health and Social Services Reforms, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- McGill Observatory on Health and Social Services Reforms, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health and Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Lebel
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Quebec, Canada; Graduate School of Land Management and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning, Architecture, Art and Design, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Bradley T, Bartlem K, Colyvas K, Wye P, Campbell E, Reid K, Bowman J. Examining service participation and outcomes from a population-level telephone-coaching service supporting changes to healthy eating, physical activity and weight: A comparison of participants with and without a mental health condition. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101609. [PMID: 34976665 PMCID: PMC8683977 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-level telephone coaching services provide accessible behaviour change support for modifiable health risk behaviours. The NSW Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service® (GHS) is a free telephone-based coaching service in Australia, supporting improvements in healthy eating, physical activity and achieving or maintaining a healthy weight. This study compared measures of participation (such as program completion) and outcomes achieved immediate post-program (including changes in fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity and weight) for GHS participants with and without a self-identified mental health condition (MHC). Secondary data analysis was conducted on service data collected at program intake and completion for individuals who enrolled in a coaching program between January 2018 and October 2019 (n = 5,629); 33% identified as having had an MHC. While those with and without an MHC had similar rates of completion, those with an MHC were less likely to complete a coaching program (31% vs 36%, p = .003). Participants with an MHC made significant positive changes to their fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity (walking and moderate), weight and BMI, but not to waist circumference or vigorous physical activity. When comparing the magnitude of change for those with and without an MHC, individuals without made greater improvements to their weight (adjusted mean difference -0.623 kg, p = .034) and daily vegetable intake (adjusted mean difference -0.199 serves; p = .01). There were no differences for other variables. The GHS is an effective means of supporting behaviour change for people with an MHC who complete a coaching program. Further research should consider means of improving retention rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Bradley
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Kate Bartlem
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Kim Colyvas
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Paula Wye
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Campbell
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
| | - Kate Reid
- NSW Office of Preventive Health, Liverpool Hospital, Don Everett Building, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia
| | - Jenny Bowman
- University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Cct, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Wood GC, Bailey-Davis L, Benotti P, Cook A, Dove J, Mowery J, Ramasamy A, Iyer N, Smolarz BG, Kumar N, Still CD. Effects of sustained weight loss on outcomes associated with obesity comorbidities and healthcare resource utilization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258545. [PMID: 34731171 PMCID: PMC8565747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Determine the impact of long-term non-surgical weight loss maintenance on clinical relevance for osteoarthritis, cancer, opioid use, and depression/anxiety and healthcare resource utilization. Methods A cohort of adults receiving primary care within Geisinger Health System between 2001–2017 was retrospectively studied. Patients with ≥3 weight measurements in the two-year index period and obesity at baseline (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were categorized: Obesity Maintainers (reference group) maintained weight within +/-3%; Weight Loss Rebounders lost ≥5% body weight in year one, regaining ≥20% of weight loss in year two; Weight Loss Maintainers lost ≥5% body weight in year one, maintaining ≥80% of weight loss. Association with development of osteoarthritis, cancer, opioid use, and depression/anxiety, was assessed; healthcare resource utilization was quantified. Magnitude of weight loss among maintainers was evaluated for impact on health outcomes. Results In total, 63,567 patients were analyzed including 67% Obesity Maintainers, 19% Weight Loss Rebounders, and 14% Weight Loss Maintainers; median follow-up was 9.7 years. Time until osteoarthritis onset was delayed for Weight Loss Maintainers compared to Obesity Maintainers (Logrank test p <0.0001). Female Weight Loss Maintainers had a 19% and 24% lower risk of developing any cancer (p = 0.0022) or obesity-related cancer (p = 0.0021), respectively. No significant trends were observed for opioid use. Weight loss Rebounders and Maintainers had increased risk (14% and 25%) of future treatment for anxiety/depression (both <0.0001). Weight loss maintenance of >15% weight loss was associated with the greatest decrease in incident osteoarthritis. Healthcare resource utilization was significantly higher for Weight Loss Rebounders and Maintainers compared to Obesity Maintainers. Increased weight loss among Weight Loss Maintainers trended with lower overall healthcare resource utilization, except for hospitalizations. Conclusions In people with obesity, sustained weight loss was associated with greater clinical benefits than regained short-term weight loss and obesity maintenance. Higher weight loss magnitudes were associated with delayed onset of osteoarthritis and led to decreased healthcare utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Craig Wood
- Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Peter Benotti
- Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Adam Cook
- Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Dove
- Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jacob Mowery
- Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Neeraj Iyer
- Novo Nordisk Inc, Plainsboro, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - Neela Kumar
- Novo Nordisk Inc, Plainsboro, New Jersey, United States of America
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Loh HH, Francis B, Lim L, Lim QH, Yee A, Loh HS. Improvement in mood symptoms after post-bariatric surgery among people with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3458. [PMID: 33891377 PMCID: PMC9285936 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to examine if bariatric surgery was associated with a reduction in the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among people with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We pooled data from 49 studies involving 11,255 people with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery. The study outcomes were the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among these patients pre- and post-surgery. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) post-operatively (pooled d+: -13.3 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval [CI] 15.19, -11.47], p < 0.001). The pooled proportion of patients with anxiety symptoms reduced from 24.5% pre-operatively to 16.9% post-operatively, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.58 (95% CI 0.51, 0.67, p < 0.001). The reduction remained significant in women aged ≥40 years and irrespective of post-operative BMI. There were significant reductions in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) (anxiety component) by 0.64 (pooled d+: -0.64 [95% CI -1.06, -0.22], p = 0.003) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 score by 0.54 (pooled d+: -0.54 [95% CI -0.64, -0.44], p < 0.001). The pooled proportion of depressive symptoms reduced from 34.7% pre-operatively to 20.4% post-operatively, with an OR of 0.49 (95% CI 0.37, 0.65, p < 0.001). The reduction remained significant irrespective of patient's age and post-operative BMI. There were also significant reductions in HADS score (depressive component) (pooled d+: -1.34 [95% CI -1.93, -0.76], p < 0.001), Beck's Depression Inventory score (pooled d+: -1.04 [95% CI -1.46, -0.63], p < 0.001) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score (pooled d+: -1.11 [95% CI -1.21, -1.01], p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery was associated with significant reduction in the prevalence and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms among people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Heng Loh
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Malaysia SarawakSarawakMalaysia
| | - Benedict Francis
- Department of Psychological MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Lee‐Ling Lim
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Asia Diabetes FoundationShatinHong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China
| | - Quan Hziung Lim
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Anne Yee
- Department of Psychological MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Huai Seng Loh
- Clinical Academic UnitNewcastle University Medicine MalaysiaJohorMalaysia
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Generalized Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Dysfunctional Eating Behavior after Obesity Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010890. [PMID: 34682635 PMCID: PMC8536045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study investigates the impact of obesity surgery on mental health (i.e., eating behavior and distress) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Two hundred fifty-four participants were recruited via social media. One hundred fourteen (44.53%) of them were surgery candidates (waiting for obesity surgery), while 142 (55.46%) had already undergone surgery. Participants who underwent surgery were compared to participants that did not yet undergo surgery in terms of mental burden (depression and anxiety), as well as safety and eating behavior. Further moderation analyses attempted to identify risk factors for increased COVID-19-related dysfunctional eating behavior after surgery. Results: Participants who underwent surgery showed generally lower levels of depression and general anxiety on a trend level. Moderation analyses suggested that people with high levels of generalized anxiety actually show more dysfunctional COVID-19-specific eating behavior after obesity surgery. Conclusion: On a trend level, obesity surgery appears to attenuate symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression. Yet, surgery patients with high levels of generalized anxiety exhibit even higher levels of dysfunctional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is therefore particularly important to support people at risk.
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Bretón I, de Hollanda A, Vilarrasa N, Rubio Herrera MA, Lecube A, Salvador J, García-Luna PP, Tinahones FJ, Sánchez Santos R, Gómez Huelgas R, Carretero Gómez J, Moizé V, Polo García J, Tranche Iparraguirre S, Fernández-Pro Ledesma A, Escalada J. Obesity and COVID-19. A necessary position statement. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:573-576. [PMID: 34872641 PMCID: PMC8598951 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bretón
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínic Barcelona Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBEROBN, Coordinadora electa GOSEEN, Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición, (SEEN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, CIBERDEM, Coordinadora GOSEEN, Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rubio Herrera
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Vicepresidente, Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Lecube
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Grupo de Obesidad, Diabetes y Metabolismo (ODIM), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida (UdL), CIBERDEM, Vicepresidente, Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad, SEEDO, Lleida, Spain
| | - Javier Salvador
- Profesor Emérito de Endocrinología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, CIBEROBN, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), Spain
| | - Pedro Pablo García-Luna
- Unidad de Nutrición, UGEN, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Servicio Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, CIBEROBN, Presidente, Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO), Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez Santos
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Instituto de Investigación Galicia Sur, Presidente de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía de la Obesidad (SECO), Galicia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez Huelgas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI), Málaga, Spain
| | - Juana Carretero Gómez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Comarcal de Zafra, Vicepresidente, Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI), Zafra, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Violeta Moizé
- Unidad Funcional de Obesidad, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Presidenta, Sociedad Española de Dietética y Nutrición (SEDYN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Polo García
- Centro de Salud Casar de Cáceres, Presidente, Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN), Casar de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Salvador Tranche Iparraguirre
- Centro de Salud El Cristo, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Presidente, Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, (semFYC), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Javier Escalada
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Grupo de Nefrología Clínica, Presidente, Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Weinberger NA, Luck-Sikorski C. Body appreciation and appearance evaluation in individuals with obesity compared to individuals with normal-weight: findings from a representative German population sample. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2241-2249. [PMID: 33278021 PMCID: PMC8437869 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Body image has been identified as an important factor in mental health in individuals with obesity. Previous studies have focused on negative body image and research of positive body image-particularly in obesity-is still in its infancy. The current study explored the positive body image facet body appreciation and the negative facet appearance evaluation in different BMI groups as well as men and women. METHODS A total of 1003 participants of the general German public above the age of 18 years completed measures on body appreciation and appearance evaluation. RESULTS Significantly lower body appreciation was observed in male participants with obesity compared to normal-weight participants. In women, the BMI groups did not differ significantly in body appreciation. BMI was negatively associated with appearance evaluation in both genders. While men and women did not differ in body appreciation, men reported lower appearance evaluation scores compared to women. CONCLUSION The present study is one of few that investigated positive body image in individuals with obesity compared to individuals with normal weight. The findings underscore the potential of body appreciation as a resource in treatment of body image concerns in individuals with obesity. Further implications for future research are discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, case-control analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha-Alexandra Weinberger
- University of Applied Health Sciences SRH Gera, Neue Straße 28-30, 07548, Gera, Germany. .,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Claudia Luck-Sikorski
- University of Applied Health Sciences SRH Gera, Neue Straße 28-30, 07548, Gera, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,The Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Setayesh L, Ebrahimi R, Pooyan S, Yarizadeh H, Rashidbeygi E, Badrooj N, Imani H, Mirzaei K. The possible mediatory role of adipokines in the association between low carbohydrate diet and depressive symptoms among overweight and obese women. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257275. [PMID: 34516574 PMCID: PMC8437289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed the possible association between obesity, dietary pattern, and depressive symptoms. Due to the lack of enough data to confirm the association of obesity and depression in the Middle East, here, we aimed to explore the possible mediatory role of adipokines Galectin-3, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in the association between low carbohydrate diet (LCD) and depressive symptoms. METHODS A total of 256 women aged 17-56 years old were grouped based on their LCD score. Depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21) self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the three negative emotional states of stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1. RESULTS No significant difference was observed regarding Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1 levels between the groups with dissimilar adherence to LCD or the groups with different levels of depressive symptoms (P>0.05). However, there was a negative association between LCD score as a covariant and depressive symptoms as an independent variable (P = 0.02) and remarkably, a regression model linear analysis using Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1 as confounding variables indicated the mediatory role of these adipokines in this association (P>0.05). In other words, adipokines eliminated the significance of the relationship between adherence to LCD and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION It seems that higher adherence to LCD is probably associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in obese adults through the mediatory role of adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pooyan
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Yarizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Rashidbeygi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Badrooj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Villano I, Ilardi CR, Arena S, Scuotto C, Gleijeses MG, Messina G, Messina A, Monda V, Monda M, Iavarone A, Chieffi S, La Marra M. Obese Subjects without Eating Disorders Experience Binge Episodes Also Independently of Emotional Eating and Personality Traits among University Students of Southern Italy. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091145. [PMID: 34573166 PMCID: PMC8465169 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that obesity is a growing public clinical issue involving both physical and psychological well-being. Nevertheless, the relationship between psychological features and weight gain is still unclear. Although emotional eating (EE) and personality traits are considered significant predictors of eating disorders, their role in obesity without eating disorders (OB-wed) is far from proven. The present study aimed at investigating the cumulative effect of EE and personality traits on overeating behavior in a sample of 266 university students (169 female; mean age = 21.85, SD = 2.39) stratified based on their body mass index (BMI; normal weight, overweight, obese). They were enrolled during free screening days promoted by the Human Dietetic and Sport Service of a Southern Italian university. The results show a psychological pattern of increasing overeating behavior and lower Self-Directedness combined with higher Sadness and Anger. However, OB-wed subjects overate regardless of this emotional/personological configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (C.R.I.)
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (C.R.I.)
| | - Stefania Arena
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Chiara Scuotto
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Maria Gloria Gleijeses
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Alessandro Iavarone
- Neurological Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN “Ospedali dei Colli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.G.G.); (A.M.); (V.M.); (M.M.); (S.C.); (M.L.M.)
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de Kluiver H, Jansen R, Milaneschi Y, Bot M, Giltay EJ, Schoevers R, Penninx BW. Metabolomic profiles discriminating anxiety from depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021; 144:178-193. [PMID: 33914921 PMCID: PMC8361773 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression has been associated with metabolomic alterations. Depressive and anxiety disorders are often comorbid diagnoses and are suggested to share etiology. We investigated whether differential metabolomic alterations are present between anxiety and depressive disorders and which clinical characteristics of these disorders are related to metabolomic alterations. METHODS Data were from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), including individuals with current comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders (N = 531), only a current depression (N = 304), only a current anxiety disorder (N = 548), remitted depressive and/or anxiety disorders (N = 897), and healthy controls (N = 634). Forty metabolites from a proton nuclear magnetic resonance lipid-based metabolomics panel were analyzed. First, we examined differences in metabolites between disorder groups and healthy controls. Next, we assessed whether depression or anxiety clinical characteristics (severity and symptom duration) were associated with metabolites. RESULTS As compared to healthy controls, seven metabolomic alterations were found in the group with only depression, reflecting an inflammatory (glycoprotein acetyls; Cohen's d = 0.12, p = 0.002) and atherogenic-lipoprotein-related (e.g., apolipoprotein B: Cohen's d = 0.08, p = 0.03, and VLDL cholesterol: Cohen's d = 0.08, p = 0.04) profile. The comorbid group showed an attenuated but similar pattern of deviations. No metabolomic alterations were found in the group with only anxiety disorders. The majority of metabolites associated with depression diagnosis were also associated with depression severity; no associations were found with anxiety severity or disease duration. CONCLUSION While substantial clinical overlap exists between depressive and anxiety disorders, this study suggests that altered inflammatory and atherogenic-lipoprotein-related metabolomic profiles are uniquely associated with depression rather than anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde de Kluiver
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Erik J. Giltay
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Robert Schoevers
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands,Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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Ozdemir C, Akbas Gunes N. The effect of diet and regular exercise on psychological resilience in obese or overweight women. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14320. [PMID: 33960086 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of diet and regular exercise on resilience in obese or overweight women. METHODS The study was conducted with the 109 patients who applied to the obesity polyclinics. The patients were divided into three groups by their current disease conditions and willingness; those who were willing to both diet and exercise (diet + exercise group) (n: 35), those who were willing to only diet (diet group) (n: 37) and those who were not willing to recommended diet or exercise (control group) (n: 37). The "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale" (CD-RISC) was applied to all the participants through face-to-face interviews. The CD-RISC scale was repeated 8 weeks after the first evaluation. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the total score and subscores of the scale in the intra-group comparison before and after the intervention (P < .05). When the groups were compared after the intervention, a significant difference was found between the diet group and the control group as well as the exercise +diet group and the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION We found that diet and exercise practices increased psychological endurance in obese or overweight women. In addition, positive improvements were also detected in psychological resilience subgroups such as perseverance and personal competence, tolerance to negative events and spiritual disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurcan Akbas Gunes
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Al-Wardat M, Alwardat N, Lou De Santis G, Zomparelli S, Gualtieri P, Bigioni G, Romano L, Di Renzo L. The association between serum vitamin D and mood disorders in a cohort of lipedema patients. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 42:351-355. [PMID: 34323062 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between serum Vitamin D (Vit. D) and mood disorders in lipedema patients has not been investigated. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between serum Vit. D, depression and anxiety risk. METHODS A cross-sectional cohort of lipedema patients were investigated by collecting the clinical and demographic data. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton of Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) were used to evaluating the risk of depression and anxiety. Serum concentrations of Vit. D were measured. The association between Vit. D levels and both HAM-A and HAM-D scores were statistically examined by bivariate and partial correlations. RESULTS Forty lipedema patients were enrolled in this study. Around two-thirds of them had a higher depression or anxiety risk, and 77.5% were under the normal serum Vit. D levels. A significant and inverse correlation was observed between serum Vit. D levels and both HAM-D (r=-0.661, p<0.001), and HAM-A (r=-0.496, p=0.001) scores. This strong association was sustained after the statistical model adjusted for the main potential confounding factors (age, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, and lipedema stages). Additionally, serum Vit. D correlated significantly and inversely with BMI (r=-0.647, p<0.001). Moreover, BMI significantly correlated with HAM-D: r=0.560, p<0.001, and HAM-A: r=0.511, p=0.00. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a strong correlation between Vit. D levels, depression scores, and anxiety scores in lipedema patients. Our results also demonstrate a strong and direct relationship between BMI, Vit. D levels, depression, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Wardat
- Department of Allied Medical Science, Division of Physical Therapy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, Jordan
| | - Nuha Alwardat
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Lou De Santis
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Zomparelli
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bigioni
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Romano
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Ruf A, Koch ED, Ebner-Priemer U, Knopf M, Reif A, Matura S. Studying Microtemporal, Within-Person Processes of Diet, Physical Activity, and Related Factors Using the APPetite-Mobile-App: Feasibility, Usability, and Validation Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25850. [PMID: 34342268 PMCID: PMC8406112 DOI: 10.2196/25850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and physical activity (PA) have a major impact on physical and mental health. However, there is a lack of effective strategies for sustaining these health-protective behaviors. A shift to a microtemporal, within-person approach is needed to capture dynamic processes underlying eating behavior and PA, as they change rapidly across minutes or hours and differ among individuals. However, a tool that captures these microtemporal, within-person processes in daily life is currently not present. Objective The APPetite-mobile-app is developed for the ecological momentary assessment of microtemporal, within-person processes of complex dietary intake, objectively recorded PA, and related factors. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and usability of the APPetite-mobile-app and the validity of the incorporated APPetite-food record. Methods The APPetite-mobile-app captures dietary intake event-contingently through a food record, captures PA continuously through accelerometers, and captures related factors (eg, stress) signal-contingently through 8 prompts per day. Empirical data on feasibility (n=157), usability (n=84), and validity (n=44) were collected within the Eat2beNICE-APPetite-study. Feasibility and usability were examined in healthy participants and psychiatric patients. The relative validity of the APPetite-food record was assessed with a subgroup of healthy participants by using a counterbalanced crossover design. The reference method was a 24-hour recall. In addition, the energy intake was compared with the total energy expenditure estimated from accelerometry. Results Good feasibility, with compliance rates above 80% for prompts and the accelerometer, as well as reasonable average response and recording durations (prompt: 2.04 min; food record per day: 17.66 min) and latencies (prompts: 3.16 min; food record: 58.35 min) were found. Usability was rated as moderate, with a score of 61.9 of 100 on the System Usability Scale. The evaluation of validity identified large differences in energy and macronutrient intake between the two methods at the group and individual levels. The APPetite-food record captured higher dietary intakes, indicating a lower level of underreporting, compared with the 24-hour recall. Energy intake was assessed fairly accurately by the APPetite-food record at the group level on 2 of 3 days when compared with total energy expenditure. The comparison with mean total energy expenditure (2417.8 kcal, SD 410) showed that the 24-hour recall (1909.2 kcal, SD 478.8) underestimated habitual energy intake to a larger degree than the APPetite-food record (2146.4 kcal, SD 574.5). Conclusions The APPetite-mobile-app is a promising tool for capturing microtemporal, within-person processes of diet, PA, and related factors in real time or near real time and is, to the best of our knowledge, the first of its kind. First evidence supports the good feasibility and moderate usability of the APPetite-mobile-app and the validity of the APPetite-food record. Future findings in this context will build the foundation for the development of personalized lifestyle modification interventions, such as just-in-time adaptive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alea Ruf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elena Doris Koch
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Monika Knopf
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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de Medeiros G, Artismo RS, Coelho P, da Silveira B, Ponte Souza Filho VP, Lorenzetti Branco JH, Matte DL. Did social isolation due to COVID-19 interfere with the quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness in individuals with grade III obesity about to enter a surgical prehabilitation program? An observational study. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100104. [PMID: 34258573 PMCID: PMC8258981 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) can have negative effects on health, although little is known about the SI consequences on patients with grade III obesity and even less if they are entering a prehabilitation program. Objective: the present study analyzes the effects of SI determined by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in people with grade III obesity who about to enter a prehabilitation program for bariatric surgery. Methods: Five patients with grade III obesity who entered a prehabilitation program or which had to be stopped on March 17th, 2020 were evaluated. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (Epworth Sleepiness Scale - ESS) and sleep quality (SQ) (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI) were investigated. Data collection took place in the week before the SI government decree and after 30 and 90 days of SI. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0. The Friedman test was used to verify the difference between the times and a significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted. Results: with SI, EDS improved by 8 points after 30 days and 3 points after 90 days (p < 0.05). The PSQI did not change (p = 0.819). Conclusion: the SI improved the EDS of individuals with grade III obesity entering the prehabilitation program, but did not change complementing their SQ. The improvement in EDS may be related to a longer daily sleep time provided by the SI and the lower number of daily work commitments. Measures to improve the SQ of these patients should be considered, including remote forms. Obese people entering a surgical pre-rehabilitation program have excessive daytime sleepiness and compromised sleep quality. After the beginning of the social isolation, a new evaluation find less daytime sleepiness in the same individuals. After 30 and 90 days of IS, the sleep quality of obese patients did not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Medeiros
- Curso de Fisioterapia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Regiana Santos Artismo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Coelho
- Curso de Fisioterapia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Joaquim Henrique Lorenzetti Branco
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Darlan Laurício Matte
- Curso de Fisioterapia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Fisioterapia da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Wakeford W, Ahluwalia A, Borg CM. Surgical management of obesity: what you need to know. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2021; 82:1-7. [PMID: 34191569 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and official figures demonstrate a rising prevalence, both in the UK and globally. Increasingly, there is a recognised place for surgical intervention in carefully selected patients, but there is limited understanding of the pathway and process among non-specialist clinicians. This article summarises the available guidelines and literature on the surgical management of obesity for hospital physicians, surgeons and GPs. The focus is on appropriate referral criteria, key bariatric procedures, postoperative management and, most importantly, the complications of surgery and how to recognise them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aashish Ahluwalia
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Cynthia-Michelle Borg
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK
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Dong HS, Gao JJ, Dong YX, Han CX, Sun L. Prevalence of insomnia and anxiety among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jilin Province. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10602. [PMID: 34133537 PMCID: PMC8208774 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted the mental health of healthcare providers at the frontline. Therefore, we conducted this study to estimate the prevalence rate of anxiety and insomnia and identify associated risk factors among healthcare workers in Jilin, China, during the period from January 25 to February 25, 2020. Zung's Self-Reported Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale were used to diagnose anxiety and insomnia, respectively. Associated risk factors were identified through a multivariate logistic regression model. A total of 300 healthcare workers were invited and 236 completed the study. Of them, 234 (99.15%) were medical workers, 197 (83.47%) were working at frontline departments, and 159 (67.37%) were fighting against COVID-19. Fifty-seven respondents (24.15%) had anxiety (SAS index score ≥45) and 94 (39.83%) had insomnia (ISI score ≥8). Based on the multivariate analysis, contact with people from Hubei province during work (no vs not clear) [OR=0.25, 95%CI: 0.10-0.61] and personal protective equipment (PPE) (not in place vs in place) [OR=6.22, 95%CI: 2.23-17.40] were significantly correlated with anxiety. PPE (not in place vs in place) was the only significant risk factor of insomnia [OR=10.56, 95%CI: 4.00-27.87]. The prevalence of anxiety and insomnia was high in our study, reflecting the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers. The unavailability of PPE in place was a significant risk factor of both anxiety and insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Shuo Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing-Jing Gao
- Center of Preventive Treatment of Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Dong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chun-Xia Han
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Rentrop V, Damerau M, Schweda A, Steinbach J, Schüren LC, Niedergethmann M, Skoda EM, Teufel M, Bäuerle A. Predicting Acceptance of e-Mental Health Interventions in Patients with Obesity by using an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance Model: Cross-sectional study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2021; 6:e31229. [PMID: 35297769 PMCID: PMC8972105 DOI: 10.2196/31229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid increase in the number of people who are overweight and obese is a worldwide health problem. Obesity is often associated with physiological and mental health burdens. Owing to several barriers to face-to-face psychotherapy, a promising approach is to exploit recent developments and implement innovative e–mental health interventions that offer various benefits to patients with obesity and to the health care system. Objective This study aims to assess the acceptance of e–mental health interventions in patients with obesity and explore its influencing predictors. In addition, the well-established Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model is compared with an extended UTAUT model in terms of variance explanation of acceptance. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey study was conducted from July 2020 to January 2021 in Germany. Eligibility requirements were adult age (≥18 years), internet access, good command of the German language, and BMI >30 kg/m2 (obesity). A total of 448 patients with obesity (grades I, II, and III) were recruited via specialized social media platforms. The impact of various sociodemographic, medical, and mental health characteristics was assessed. eHealth-related data and acceptance of e–mental health interventions were examined using a modified questionnaire based on the UTAUT. Results Overall, the acceptance of e–mental health interventions in patients with obesity was moderate (mean 3.18, SD 1.11). Significant differences in the acceptance of e–mental health interventions among patients with obesity exist, depending on the grade of obesity, age, sex, occupational status, and mental health status. In an extended UTAUT regression model, acceptance was significantly predicted by the depression score (Patient Health Questionnaire-8; β=.07; P=.03), stress owing to constant availability via mobile phone or email (β=.06; P=.02), and confidence in using digital media (β=−0.058; P=.04) and by the UTAUT core predictors performance expectancy (β=.45; P<.001), effort expectancy (β=.22; P<.001), and social influence (β=.27; P<.001). The comparison between an extended UTAUT model (16 predictors) and the restrictive UTAUT model (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence) revealed a significant difference in explained variance (F13,431=2.366; P=.005). Conclusions The UTAUT model has proven to be a valuable instrument to predict the acceptance of e–mental health interventions in patients with obesity. The extended UTAUT model explained a significantly high percentage of variance in acceptance (in total 73.6%). On the basis of the strong association between acceptance and future use, new interventions should focus on these UTAUT predictors to promote the establishment of effective e–mental health interventions for patients with obesity who experience mental health burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rentrop
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Damerau
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Adam Schweda
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Steinbach
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lynik Chantal Schüren
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Alfried-Krupp Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marco Niedergethmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Alfried-Krupp Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Skoda
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Teufel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Bäuerle
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Tarsitani L, Vassalini P, Koukopoulos A, Borrazzo C, Alessi F, Di Nicolantonio C, Serra R, Alessandri F, Ceccarelli G, Mastroianni CM, d’Ettorre G. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among COVID-19 Survivors at 3-Month Follow-up After Hospital Discharge. J Gen Intern Med 2021; 36:1702-1707. [PMID: 33782888 PMCID: PMC8007055 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe but treatable mental disorder that develops after a life-threatening traumatic event. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) hospitalisation is a potentially traumatic experience, especially in severe cases. Furthermore, the unprecedented context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, with daily media bombardment about COVID-19 mortality, may have amplified life-threatening perception also in patients with moderate infection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of PTSD at 3-month follow-up in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 infection. DESIGN In this cohort follow-up study conducted in a large Italian academic COVID-19 hospital, 115 recruited survivors were contacted by telephone 3 months after discharge to home care. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 was administered. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyse risk factors for the development of PTSD. KEY RESULTS A total of 10.4% of the sample received a PCL-5-based diagnosis of PTSD. Other 8.6% of the sample received a diagnosis of subthreshold PTSD, which leads to significant levels of distress and impairment. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that previous psychiatric diagnosis (odds ratio (OR) = 6.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.7-78.6, p < 0.001) and obesity (OR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.4-857.9, p = 0.03) were risk factors for developing PTSD. Chronic pulmonary diseases approached significance as a risk factor (OR = 6.03, 95% CI: 1.0-37.1, p = 0.053). Male sex was a protective factor (OR=0.04, 95% CI: 0.0-0.041, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS PTSD and subthreshold PTSD rates in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 are worrying. Female sex and pre-existing mental disorders are established risk factors for PTSD, while the prospective association with obesity needs further investigation. Clinicians treating COVID-19 should consider screening for PTSD at follow-up assessments in patients discharged from the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tarsitani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Vassalini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexia Koukopoulos
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Alessi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Nicolantonio
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Serra
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandri
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of General and Specialist Surgery “Paride Stefanini”, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Satyal MK, Basso JC, Tegge AN, Metpally AR, Bickel WK. A novel model of obesity prediction: Neurobehaviors as targets for treatment. Behav Neurosci 2021; 135:426-442. [PMID: 34264693 PMCID: PMC9955328 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that is on the rise, with approximately 30% of the world population classified as either overweight or obese. The United States has some of the highest rates of obesity, and in most countries in the world, obesity now poses more of a serious health concern than malnutrition. Obesity is a chronic, relapsing disorder that is both preventable and treatable; however, traditional interventions that target eating less and exercising more have low success rates, especially in the long term. Therefore, identifying the neurobehaviors that predict obesity is important to help identify targets to decrease BMI and improve obesity outcomes. Using the Competing Neurobehavioral Decisions System (CNDS) Theory, we hypothesized that individuals with obesity compared to individuals without obesity would display neurobehaviors marked by a hyperactive impulsive system and a hypoactive executive system. To test this hypothesis, we collected data from a battery of self-reported measures and neurocognitive assessments through Amazon Mechanical Turk from n = 178 obese (BMI ≥ 30) and n = 198 nonobese controls who were weight stable for the past 3 months. We found that compared to the nonobese control group, individuals with obesity showed heightened delay discounting (a marker of CNDS imbalance), impaired motivation, poor self-image, decreased affective state, and impaired executive function. Using a Bayesian network approach, we established a neurobehavioral model that predicts obesity with 64.4% accuracy and indicates an imbalance between impulsive and executive neural systems. Results from our study suggest that interventions targeting neurobehaviors may be integral to help improve obesity outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha K. Satyal
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Julia C. Basso
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, United States,Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Allison N. Tegge
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, United States,Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Anvitha R. Metpally
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| | - Warren K. Bickel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
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131
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Mozaffari H, Hosseini Z, Lafrenière J, Conklin AI. The role of dietary diversity in preventing metabolic-related outcomes: Findings from a systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13174. [PMID: 33615679 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary diversity has been linked to insulin resistance; however, studies are inconsistent on whether dietary diversity protects against metabolic-related outcomes. We aimed to comprehensively assess metabolic-related outcomes of greater diversity across the diet and within major food groups. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was done in bibliographic databases (Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science) for longitudinal studies that reported on original research. Data extraction and quality appraisal used predefined criteria; reported findings were synthesized through a narrative approach. Fourteen studies were identified as eligible. Greater dietary diversity across major food groups, and diversity within fruits and/or vegetables, was associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Effects varied based on exposure definition and adjustment for known confounders. While diversity of less healthy foods was associated with greater adiposity, diversity of all foods and healthy foods was associated with reduced incidence of depression and cognitive decline. Evidence supports the protective effect of dietary diversity against cognitive decline and T2D. The association between dietary diversity and adiposity may be dependent on the healthiness of foods. Public health efforts to prevent metabolic-related diseases should include an emphasis on a varied diet as a healthy eating strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Mozaffari
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zeinab Hosseini
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacynthe Lafrenière
- School of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annalijn I Conklin
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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132
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Frausto-González O, Bautista CJ, Narváez-González F, Hernandez-Leon A, Estrada-Camarena E, Rivero-Cruz F, González-Trujano ME. Bertholletia excelsa Seeds Reduce Anxiety-Like Behavior, Lipids, and Overweight in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113212. [PMID: 34072024 PMCID: PMC8198383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight, obesity, and psychiatric disorders are serious health problems. To evidence the anxiolytic-like effects and lipid reduction in mice receiving a high-calorie diet and Bertholletia excelsa seeds in a nonpolar extract (SBHX, 30 and 300 mg/kg), animals were assessed in open-field, hole-board, and elevated plus-maze tests. SBHX (3 and 10 mg/kg) potentiated the pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. Chronic administration of SBHX for 40 days was given to mice fed with a hypercaloric diet to determine the relationship between water and food intake vs. changes in body weight. Testes, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and liver were dissected to analyze fat content, triglycerides, cholesterol, and histological effects after administering the hypercaloric diet and SBHX. Fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid (0.14%), palmitic acid (21.42%), linoleic acid (11.02%), oleic acid (59.97%), and stearic acid (7.44%), were identified as constituents of SBHX, producing significant anxiolytic-like effects and preventing body-weight gain in mice receiving the hypercaloric diet without altering their water or food consumption. There was also a lipid-lowering effect on the testicular tissue and eWAT and a reduction of adipocyte area in eWAT. Our data evidence beneficial properties of B. excelsa seeds influencing global health concerns such as obesity and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Frausto-González
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
| | - Claudia J. Bautista
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Narváez-González
- ISSSTE Hospital Regional “Gral. Ignacio Zaragoza”, Calz. Ignacio Zaragoza 1711, Ejército Constitucionalista, Chinam Pac de Juárez, Iztapalapa, 09220 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Hernandez-Leon
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col, San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.E.-C.); (M.E.G.-T.)
| | - Fausto Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico;
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 Mexico City, Mexico; (O.F.-G.); (A.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: (E.E.-C.); (M.E.G.-T.)
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133
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Kingma JS, Burgers DMT, Monpellier VM, Wiezer MJ, Blussé van Oud-Alblas HJ, Vaughns JD, Sherwin CMT, Knibbe CAJ. Oral drug dosing following bariatric surgery: General concepts and specific dosing advice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:4560-4576. [PMID: 33990981 PMCID: PMC9291886 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric or weight‐loss surgery is a popular option for weight reduction. Depending on the surgical procedure, gastric changes like decreased transit time and volume and increased pH, decreased absorption surface in the small intestine, decreased exposure to bile acids and enterohepatic circulation, and decreased gastrointestinal transit time may be expected. In the years after bariatric surgery, patients will also substantially lose weight. As a result of these changes, the absorption, distribution, metabolism and/or elimination of drugs may be altered. The purpose of this article is to report the general influence of bariatric surgery on oral drug absorption, and to provide guidance for dosing of commonly used drugs in this special population. Upon oral drug administration, the time to maximum concentration is often earlier and this concentration may be higher with less consistent effects on trough concentrations and exposure. Additionally, prescription of liquid formulations to bariatric patients is supported by some reports, even though the high sugar load of these suspensions may be of concern. Studies on extended‐release medications result in an unaltered exposure for a substantial number of drugs. Also, studies evaluating the influence of timing after surgery show dynamic absorption profiles. Although for this group specific advice can be proposed for many drugs, we conclude that there is insufficient evidence for general advice for oral drug therapy after bariatric surgery, implying that a risk assessment on a case‐by‐case basis is required for each drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen S Kingma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Desirée M T Burgers
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie M Monpellier
- Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek (Dutch Obesity Clinic), Huis ter Heide, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus J Wiezer
- Department of Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | | | - Janelle D Vaughns
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M T Sherwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Catherijne A J Knibbe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Division of Systems Biomedicine & Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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134
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Piya MK, Chimoriya R, Yu W, Grudzinskas K, Myint KP, Skelsey K, Kormas N, Hay P. Improvement in Eating Disorder Risk and Psychological Health in People with Class 3 Obesity: Effects of a Multidisciplinary Weight Management Program. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051425. [PMID: 33922623 PMCID: PMC8146717 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the risk of eating disorders, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in people with class 3 obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m2), and the effect of multidisciplinary weight management over 12 months. This retrospective cohort study included all adults with class 3 obesity who enrolled in a weight management program from March 2018 to December 2019. Questionnaires included the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Short (EDE-QS), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) for HRQoL. Physical and Mental Component Summary scores (PCS and MCS) were derived from the SF-36. Of 169 participants who completed 12 months in the program, 65.7% (n = 111) completed questionnaires at baseline and 12 months, with 6.0 ± 6.8% weight loss over this period. Compared to baseline, there was significant improvement at 12 months in EDE-QS (15.7 ± 6.6 vs. 13.6 ± 6.2, p = 0.002), K10 (25.7 ± 9.7 vs. 21.2 ± 9.4, p < 0.001), PCS (29.4 ± 10.1 vs. 36.1 ± 10.9, p < 0.001), and MCS scores (40.2 ± 12.4 vs. 44.0 ± 13.4, p = 0.001). All, apart from EDE-QS scores, remained significant after adjusting for weight change. This study highlights the importance of multidisciplinary management in people with class 3 obesity to help reduce eating disorder risk and psychological distress, and improve HRQoL, in addition to weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan K. Piya
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (K.P.M.); (P.H.)
- South Western Sydney Metabolic Rehabilitation and Bariatric Program, Camden Hospital, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (W.Y.); (K.G.); (K.S.); (N.K.)
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ritesh Chimoriya
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (K.P.M.); (P.H.)
| | - William Yu
- South Western Sydney Metabolic Rehabilitation and Bariatric Program, Camden Hospital, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (W.Y.); (K.G.); (K.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Kathy Grudzinskas
- South Western Sydney Metabolic Rehabilitation and Bariatric Program, Camden Hospital, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (W.Y.); (K.G.); (K.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Kyaw Phone Myint
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (K.P.M.); (P.H.)
| | - Kathryn Skelsey
- South Western Sydney Metabolic Rehabilitation and Bariatric Program, Camden Hospital, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (W.Y.); (K.G.); (K.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Nic Kormas
- South Western Sydney Metabolic Rehabilitation and Bariatric Program, Camden Hospital, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (W.Y.); (K.G.); (K.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Phillipa Hay
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (K.P.M.); (P.H.)
- South Western Sydney Metabolic Rehabilitation and Bariatric Program, Camden Hospital, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (W.Y.); (K.G.); (K.S.); (N.K.)
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
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135
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Salman MA, El-Ghobary M, Soliman A, El Sherbiny M, Abouelregal TE, Albitar A, Abdallah A, Mikhail HMS, Nafea MA, Sultan AAEA, Elshafey HE, Shaaban HED, Azzam A, GabAllah GMK, Salman AA. Long-Term Changes in Leptin, Chemerin, and Ghrelin Levels Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2021; 30:1052-1060. [PMID: 31713147 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Published reports showed conflicting results regarding the sustained alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin concenratios after metabolic surgery. Therefore, we performed the present work to contrast the alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin levels one year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS The present research is a prospective, comparative one that followed 100 cases for whom RYGB or LSG was done. We assessed the serum values of adiposity-associated mediators, including adipokcytokines (leptin and active chemerin) and gastrointestinal hormones (total ghrelin). The primary outcome in the present study was the alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin values at 12 months after RYGB and LSG. RESULTS The serum leptin level decreased significantly in the LSG group with a mean change of - 170.8 ± 29.4 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Similarly, the serum leptin concentration decreased significantly in the RYGB group, with a mean change of - 165.42 ± 53.4 (p < 0.001). In addition, the mean reduction in baseline chemerin levels 12 months after the operation was considerable in the LSG cohort (- 23.24 ± 9.5 ng/mL) and RYGB group (- 22.12 ± 15.9 ng/mL). The ghrelin values demonstrated a notable reduction in the LSG cohort (- 0.083 ± 0.11 pg/mL) and RYGB group (- 0.068 ± 0.097 pg/mL). However, the changes in the three hormones were not substantially different between both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Both RYGB and LSG result in a considerable, comparable decrease in the postoperative serum concentrations of leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed El-Ghobary
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammad El Sherbiny
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Amr Albitar
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdallah
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11311, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed A Nafea
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hossam E Elshafey
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | | | - Ayman Azzam
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Ghada M K GabAllah
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
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Norr ME, Hect JL, Lenniger CJ, Van den Heuvel M, Thomason ME. An examination of maternal prenatal BMI and human fetal brain development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:458-469. [PMID: 32779186 PMCID: PMC7875456 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal development is a time when the brain is acutely vulnerable to insult and alteration by environmental factors (e.g., toxins, maternal health). One important risk factor is maternal obesity (Body Mass Index > 30). Recent research indicates that high maternal BMI during pregnancy is associated with increased risk for numerous physical health, cognitive, and mental health problems in offspring across the lifespan. It is possible that heightened maternal prenatal BMI influences the developing brain even before birth. METHODS The present study examines this possibility at the level of macrocircuitry in the human fetal brain. Using a data-driven strategy for parcellating the brain into subnetworks, we test whether MRI functional connectivity within or between fetal neural subnetworks varies with maternal prenatal BMI in 109 fetuses between the ages of 26 and 39weeks. RESULTS We discovered that strength of connectivity between two subnetworks, left anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus (aIN/IFG) and bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), varied with maternal BMI. At the level of individual aIN/IFG-PFC connections, we observed both increased and decreased between-network connectivity with a tendency for increased within-hemisphere connectivity and reduced cross-hemisphere connectivity in higher BMI pregnancies. Maternal BMI was not associated with global differences in network topography based on network-based statistical analyses. CONCLUSIONS Overall effects were localized in regions that will later support behavioral regulation and integrative processes, regions commonly associated with obesity-related deficits. By establishing onset in neural differences prior to birth, this study supports a model in which maternal BMI-related risk is associated with fetal connectome-level brain organization with implications for offspring long-term cognitive development and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Norr
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine L. Hect
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Carly J. Lenniger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martijn Van den Heuvel
- Dutch Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moriah E. Thomason
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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137
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Chen SY, Beretta M, Alexopoulos SJ, Shah DP, Olzomer EM, Hargett SR, Childress ES, Salamoun JM, Aleksovska I, Roseblade A, Cranfield C, Rawling T, Quinlan KGR, Morris MJ, Tucker SP, Santos WL, Hoehn KL. Mitochondrial uncoupler SHC517 reverses obesity in mice without affecting food intake. Metabolism 2021; 117:154724. [PMID: 33548253 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial uncouplers decrease caloric efficiency and have potential therapeutic benefits for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Herein we investigate the metabolic and physiologic effects of a recently identified small molecule mitochondrial uncoupler named SHC517 in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. METHODS SHC517 was administered as an admixture in food. The effect of SHC517 on in vivo energy expenditure and respiratory quotient was determined by indirect calorimetry. A dose-finding obesity prevention study was performed by starting SHC517 treatment concomitant with high fat diet for a period of 12 days. An obesity reversal study was performed by feeding mice western diet for 4 weeks prior to SHC517 treatment for 7 weeks. Biochemical assays were used to determine changes in glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol. SHC517 concentrations were determined by mass spectrometry. RESULTS SHC517 increased lipid oxidation without affecting body temperature. SHC517 prevented diet-induced obesity when administered at 0.05% and 0.1% w/w in high fat diet and reversed established obesity when tested at the 0.05% dose. In the obesity reversal model, SHC517 restored adiposity to levels similar to chow-fed control mice without affecting food intake or lean body mass. SHC517 improved glucose tolerance and fasting glucose levels when administered in both the obesity prevention and obesity reversal modes. CONCLUSIONS SHC517 is a mitochondrial uncoupler with potent anti-obesity and insulin sensitizing effects in mice. SHC517 reversed obesity without altering food intake or compromising lean mass, effects that are highly sought-after in anti-obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina Beretta
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Divya P Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stefan R Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Childress
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Isabella Aleksovska
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ariane Roseblade
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Charles Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Simon P Tucker
- Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia.
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.; Continuum Biosciences Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW, 2035, Australia.
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138
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Jones RA, Lawlor ER, Birch JM, Patel MI, Werneck A, Hoare E, Griffin SJ, van Sluijs EM, Sharp SJ, Ahern AL. The impact of adult behavioural weight management interventions on mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13150. [PMID: 33103340 PMCID: PMC7116866 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is good evidence that behavioural weight management interventions improve physical health; however, the impact on mental health remains unclear. We evaluated the impact of behavioural weight management interventions on mental health-related outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity at intervention-end and 12 months from baseline. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cluster RCTs of adult behavioural weight loss interventions reporting affect, anxiety, binge eating, body image, depression, emotional eating, quality of life, self-esteem and stress. We searched seven databases from inception to 7 May 2019 and included 43 articles reporting 42 RCTs. Eighteen studies were deemed to be at high risk of bias. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses, stratified analyses and meta-regression using Stata. Interventions generated greater improvements than comparators for depression, mental health-related quality of life and self-efficacy at intervention-end and 12 months from baseline. There was no difference between groups for anxiety, overall quality of life, self-esteem or stress at intervention-end. There was insufficient evidence to assess the impact on anxiety, binge eating, body image, emotional eating, affect, life satisfaction, self-esteem or stress at intervention-end and/or 12 months from baseline. Although evidence suggests that interventions benefit some aspects of mental health, high-quality, transparently reported RCTs measuring a range of mental health outcomes over longer durations are required to strengthen the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma R. Lawlor
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack M. Birch
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manal I. Patel
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andre Werneck
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erin Hoare
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Food and Mood Centre, Centre for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Simon J. Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther M.F. van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Amy L. Ahern
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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139
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Bretón I, de Hollanda A, Vilarrasa N, Rubio Herrera MA, Lecube A, Salvador J, García-Luna PP, Tinahones FJ, Sánchez Santos R, Gómez Huelgas R, Carretero Gómez J, Moizé V, Polo García J, Tranche Iparraguirre S, Fernández-Pro Ledesma A, Escalada J. Obesity and COVID-19. A necessary position statement. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:S2530-0164(21)00085-9. [PMID: 33875395 PMCID: PMC8009039 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bretón
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón. IiSGM. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), Madrid, España.
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Clínic Barcelona Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBEROBN. Coordinadora electa GOSEEN. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición, (SEEN), Barcelona, España
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL. CIBERDEM. Coordinadora GOSEEN. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), Barcelona, España
| | - Miguel A Rubio Herrera
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico San Carlos. IDISSC. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense. Vicepresidente, Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), Madrid, España
| | - Albert Lecube
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida. Grupo de Obesidad, Diabetes y Metabolismo (ODIM). Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida). Universitat de Lleida (UdL). CIBERDEM. Vicepresidente, Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad, SEEDO, Lleida, España
| | - Javier Salvador
- Profesor Emérito de Endocrinología. Universidad de Navarra. Pamplona. CIBEROBN. Instituto Carlos III. Madrid. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), España
| | - Pedro Pablo García-Luna
- Unidad de Nutrición. UGEN. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), Sevilla, España
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Servicio Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria Málaga. Universidad de Málaga. Presidente, Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad (SEEDO), Málaga, España
| | - Raquel Sánchez Santos
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo. Instituto de Investigación Galicia Sur. Presidente de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía de la Obesidad (SECO), Galicia, España
| | - Ricardo Gómez Huelgas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga. Universidad de Málaga. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI), Málaga, España
| | - Juana Carretero Gómez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Comarcal de Zafra. Vicepresidente, Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI), Zafra, Badajoz, España
| | - Violeta Moizé
- Unidad Funcional de Obesidad. Hospital Clínic Barcelona. Presidenta, Sociedad Española de Dietética y Nutrición (SEDYN), Barcelona, España
| | - José Polo García
- Centro de Salud Casar de Cáceres. Presidente, Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN), Casar de Cáceres, Cáceres, España
| | - Salvador Tranche Iparraguirre
- Centro de Salud El Cristo. Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA). Presidente, Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, (semFYC), Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | | | - Javier Escalada
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Clínica Universidad de Navarra. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). Grupo de Nefrología Clínica. Presidente, Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), Pamplona, Navarra, España
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Abstract
The increased prevalence and adverse health consequences of obesity have made it one of the leading public health issues in recent years. Importantly, several epidemiological studies have revealed significant associations between BMI and organic food consumption. However, although these studies have suggested that this factor holds promise to prevent obesity, they all suffer from methodological limitations, including self-reporting methods to assess BMI, not controlling for potential confounding factors or using a non-representative sample. Moreover, all were restricted to an adult sample. We present the results of a cross-sectional epidemiological study assessing the association of organic food consumption with BMI and obesity in a representative lifespan French sample (INCA3 study). Objective methods were used to measure BMI, and several potentially confounding variables were controlled for. In total, 1775 children and adolescents and 2121 adults underwent anthropometric measurements and completed questionnaires concerning their dietary habits and lifestyle. Unadjusted models systematically revealed negative associations between organic food consumption and both BMI and obesity across all age groups. These associations tended to remain statistically significant even after controlling for several confounding variables concerning socio-economic status, quality of the diet and physical activity. The effect sizes were, however, small. These data confirm the association between organic food consumption and obesity during both childhood and adulthood. Evidence from randomised controlled trials is required to investigate causality between organic food consumption and lower BMI or obesity rate.
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141
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Werme J, van der Sluis S, Posthuma D, de Leeuw CA. Genome-wide gene-environment interactions in neuroticism: an exploratory study across 25 environments. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:180. [PMID: 33753719 PMCID: PMC7985503 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-environment interactions (GxE) are often suggested to play an important role in the aetiology of psychiatric phenotypes, yet so far, only a handful of genome-wide environment interaction studies (GWEIS) of psychiatric phenotypes have been conducted. Representing the most comprehensive effort of its kind to date, we used data from the UK Biobank to perform a series of GWEIS for neuroticism across 25 broadly conceptualised environmental risk factors (trauma, social support, drug use, physical health). We investigated interactions on the level of SNPs, genes, and gene-sets, and computed interaction-based polygenic risk scores (PRS) to predict neuroticism in an independent sample subset (N = 10,000). We found that the predictive ability of the interaction-based PRSs did not significantly improve beyond that of a traditional PRS based on SNP main effects from GWAS, but detected one variant and two gene-sets showing significant interaction signal after correction for the number of analysed environments. This study illustrates the possibilities and limitations of a comprehensive GWEIS in currently available sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Werme
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sophie van der Sluis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan A de Leeuw
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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142
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Mehrabi F, Amiri P, Cheraghi L, Kheradmand A, Hosseinpanah F, Azizi F. Emotional states of different obesity phenotypes: a sex-specific study in a west-Asian population. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:124. [PMID: 33663426 PMCID: PMC7934552 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the associations of obesity phenotypes with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among adults in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). METHODS Depression, anxiety, and stress levels of participants from the TLGS were examined among different obesity phenotypes in this cross-sectional study. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, and metabolically unhealthy status based on having metabolic syndrome (MetS) or type 2 diabetes. Four obesity phenotypes were defined: 1) Metabolically Healthy Non-Obese (MHNO), 2) Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) 3) Metabolically Unhealthy Non-Obese (MUNO), and 4) Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO). Emotional states of different obesity phenotypes were assessed by the Persian version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 items (DASS-21). Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to compare sex-specific odds ratios of depression, anxiety, and stress in different obesity phenotypes. RESULTS The mean age of 2469 men and women was 46.2 ± 15.9 and 45.6 ± 14.7, respectively. In total, women were more likely to experience higher levels of depression (30.5%), anxiety (44.2%), and stress (43.5%) symptoms compared to men. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to MHNO men, the odds of experiencing higher anxiety levels were significantly greater in metabolically unhealthy men whether they were obese (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.25-2.54; P = < 0.001) or non-obese (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.17-2.21; P = < 0.001), and also in MUO women (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.28-2.34; P = < 0.001) compared to MHNO women. Moreover, the odds of experiencing higher stress levels were significantly greater in MUNO men (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02-1.90; P = 0.04) compared to MHNO men and in MUO women (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07-1.96; P = 0.02) compared to MHNO women. No difference in depression levels was observed in either sex. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that men and women with various obesity phenotypes experienced different anxiety and stress levels. While MUO women and all metabolically unhealthy men experienced more anxiety and stress levels than MHNO individuals, none of the obesity phenotypes were associated with depression. These findings provide insight into recognizing the psychological consequences of different phenotypes of obesity in both sexes and utilizing future health promotion planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Mehrabi
- grid.411600.2Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Cheraghi
- grid.411600.2Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kheradmand
- grid.411600.2Department of Psychiatry, Taleghani Hospital Research Development Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- grid.411600.2Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- grid.411600.2Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Spichak S, Bastiaanssen TFS, Berding K, Vlckova K, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Mining microbes for mental health: Determining the role of microbial metabolic pathways in human brain health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:698-761. [PMID: 33675857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing knowledge regarding the role of the microbiome in modulating the brain and behaviour. Indeed, the actions of microbial metabolites are key for appropriate gut-brain communication in humans. Among these metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, and bile acid metabolites/pathways show strong preclinical evidence for involvement in various aspects of brain function and behaviour. With the identification of neuroactive gut-brain modules, new predictive tools can be applied to existing datasets. We identified 278 studies relating to the human microbiota-gut-brain axis which included sequencing data. This spanned across psychiatric and neurological disorders with a small number also focused on normal behavioural development. With a consistent bioinformatics pipeline, thirty-five of these datasets were reanalysed from publicly available raw sequencing files and the remainder summarised and collated. Among the reanalysed studies, we uncovered evidence of disease-related alterations in microbial metabolic pathways in Alzheimer's Disease, schizophrenia, anxiety and depression. Amongst studies that could not be reanalysed, many sequencing and technical limitations hindered the discovery of specific biomarkers of microbes or metabolites conserved across studies. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings. We also propose guidelines for future human microbiome analysis to increase reproducibility and consistency within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Spichak
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kirsten Berding
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Klara Vlckova
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Haleem DJ, Mahmood K. Brain serotonin in high-fat diet-induced weight gain, anxiety and spatial memory in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:226-235. [PMID: 31116091 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1619983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Effects of high-fat diet (HFD) consumption on body weight gain and its consequences on anxiety, learning and memory, and serotonin metabolism (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in the hypothalamus and hippocampus are determined in rats. Methods: Male Wister rats treated with HFD or normal diet (ND) for 12 weeks to monitor food intakes, body weight changes, activity in an open field, anxiety in an elevated plus maze and learning/memory in Morris water maze. Animals decapitated to collect serum for determining leptin by an ELISA kit. The hippocampus and hypothalamus dissected out for determining 5-HT, its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and its precursor tryptophan by HPLC-EC. Results: Despite a significant decrease in the cumulative weekly food intake, gain in body weight was greater in HFD than ND treated rats. Total caloric intakes were not different in the two groups. The consumption of HFD resulted in an enhancement of exploratory activity and reduction in anxiety. It improved learning acquisition and memory retention but impaired reference memory. There was an attenuation of 5-HT in the hypothalamus, and an enhancement of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the hippocampus, but no effect occurred on tryptophan levels in the hypothalamus or the hippocampus. Serum leptin levels increased in HFD treated animals. Conclusion: Serotonin acting via the hypothalamus and hippocampus is involved in HFD-induced weight gain, anxiety reduction and modulation of cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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145
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Bessell E, Markovic TP, Fuller NR. How to provide a structured clinical assessment of a patient with overweight or obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23 Suppl 1:36-49. [PMID: 33621413 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide, there is a reciprocal increase in the global economic burden and ill-health from obesity-related chronic diseases. Primary healthcare services have a role to play in ensuring early detection of weight issues and in directing patients towards evidence-based care to slow this progression. Research shows that many people with obesity are motivated to lose weight and want their clinician to initiate a conversation about weight management and treatment options. However, this conversation rarely occurs and there is a significant delay in treatment, resulting in an increased burden on the individual, healthcare system and society. In this paper, the components and rationale for the clinical assessment of adult patients with overweight or obesity, including anthropometric measurements and pathology tests, are described. Recommendations to ascertain the potential factors influencing the development of obesity in the patient, such as lifestyle factors (diet and physical activity) and mental health, are also provided. The potential sequelae of obesity that may be present and the necessary assessments for diagnosis are also addressed. These assessments are vital to ensure the patient is referred to the appropriate allied health services and/or specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Bessell
- Boden Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tania P Markovic
- Boden Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Metabolism and Obesity Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas R Fuller
- Boden Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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146
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Sarma S, Sockalingam S, Dash S. Obesity as a multisystem disease: Trends in obesity rates and obesity-related complications. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23 Suppl 1:3-16. [PMID: 33621415 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic multisystem disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The increasing prevalence of obesity makes it a major healthcare challenge across both developed and developing countries. Traditional measures such as body mass index do not always identify individuals at increased risk of comorbidities, yet continue to be used in deciding who qualifies for weight loss treatment. A better understanding of how obesity is associated with comorbidities, in particular non-metabolic conditions, is needed to identify individuals at risk in order to prioritize treatment. For metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), weight loss can prevent T2D in individuals with prediabetes. It can improve and reverse T2D if weight loss is achieved early in the course of the disease. However, access to effective weight loss treatments is a significant barrier to improved health for people with obesity. In the present paper, we review the rising prevalence of obesity and why it should be classed as a multisystem disease. We will discuss potential mechanisms underlying its association with various comorbidities and how these respond to treatment, with a particular focus on cardiometabolic disease, malignancy and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohinee Sarma
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Sockalingam
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satya Dash
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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147
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Lofrano‐Prado MC, do Prado WL, Botero JP, Cardel ML, Farah BQ, Oliveira MD, Cucato GG, Correia MA, Ritti‐Dias RM. The same storm but not the same boat: Effects of COVID-19 stay-at-home order on mental health in individuals with overweight. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12425. [PMID: 33217224 PMCID: PMC7744848 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the effects of stay-at-home orders and social distancing during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak on mental health and to compare these outcomes between individuals with normal weight and overweight. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1857 Brazilian adults, who were invited through social media to answer an online questionnaire from 5 May 2020 to 17 May 2020. The instrument included questions related to health behaviour, mental health (anxiety, depression, self-esteem, sadness and stress) and overall health. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2 . Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify whether overweight is associated with mental health variables. RESULTS Women reported increased anxiety (36.5% vs 22.2%, P < .01), depression (16.2% vs 8.8%, P < .01), low self-esteem (19.8% vs 10.6%, P < .01), sadness (17.7% vs 10.2%, P < .01), and stress (29.5% vs 19.3%, P < .01) relative to men. Women with overweight are more likely to report higher feeling of anxiety (OR 1.62, CI 95% 1.22-2.14), depression (OR 1.79, CI 95% 1.25-2.55), low self-esteem (OR 1.82, CI95% 1.28-2.58) and sadness (OR 1.51, CI 95% 1.08-2.10), adjusted for age, social isolation days, educational level, chronic diseases, smoke, alcohol intake and physical activity. CONCLUSION Women, specially those with overweight are more vulnerable to the deleterious effects of stay-at-home orders on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wagner Luiz do Prado
- Department of KinesiologyCalifornia State University‐San BernardinoSan BernardinoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joao Paulo Botero
- Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Graduation ProgramSao Paulo Federal UniversitySão PauloBrazil
| | - Michelle L. Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics and PediatricsUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | | | - Gabriel G. Cucato
- Department of Sport, Exercise and RehabilitationNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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148
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A Conceptual Model of Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance: The Importance of Cognitive, Empirical and Computational Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020635. [PMID: 33451110 PMCID: PMC7828595 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Living with obesity is related to numerous negative health outcomes, including various cancers, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although much is known about the factors associated with obesity, and a range of weight loss interventions have been established, changing health-related behaviours to positively affect obesity outcomes has proven difficult. In this paper, we first draw together major factors that have emerged within the literature on weight loss to describe a new conceptual framework of long-term weight loss maintenance. Key to this framework is the suggestion that increased positive social support influences a reduction in psychosocial stress, and that this has the effect of promoting better executive functioning which in turn facilitates the development of healthy habits and the breaking of unhealthy habits, leading to improved ongoing maintenance of weight loss. We then outline how the use of computational approaches are an essential next step, to more rigorously test conceptual frameworks, such as the one we propose, and the benefits that a mixture of conceptual, empirical and computational approaches offer to the field of health psychology.
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149
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Tseng PH, Chiu HM, Tu CH, Wu MS, Ho HN, Chen MJ. Obesity Exacerbates Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Related Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:779456. [PMID: 34867827 PMCID: PMC8635163 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.779456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) share similar clinical and psychosocial features. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of IBS in women with PCOS, and its relationship with obesity, metabolic and hormonal profiles, as well as sleep and psychiatric disorders. SUBJECTS/METHODS This is a cross-sectional case-control study of 431 untreated women with PCOS and 259 healthy volunteers. All participants were assessed with a comprehensive clinical evaluation and two questionnaires: the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5). IBS was diagnosed using the Rome III criteria. Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Anthropometric measurements, metabolic, hormonal profiles, and psychosocial morbidities were compared. RESULTS Women with PCOS were more likely to have IBS (10.7% vs 5.8%, p=0.029) and obesity (29% vs 4%, p<0.001) than healthy volunteers. Mixed-type IBS (IBS-M) was the most common subtype (74%) among patients with PCOS and IBS. There was a higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidities (total BSRS-5 score ≥10) in women with PCOS than in healthy women (11.4% vs 3.5%, p<0.001). Women with PCOS and IBS were more likely to have sleep difficulties (67.4% vs 30.9%, p<0.001) and psychiatric morbidities (21.7% vs 10.1%, p=0.019) than those without IBS. Anthropometrics, metabolic and hormonal profiles were similar between PCOS women with and without IBS. Among women with PCOS, those with both IBS and obesity had the highest risk of developing sleep difficulties (odds ratio: 5.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.77-19.77) and psychiatric distress (odds ratio: 4.39; 95% confidence interval: 1.26-15.29) than those without. CONCLUSION Women with PCOS have increased IBS, obesity, sleep and psychiatric disturbances. The presence of IBS in PCOS women is associated with sleep and psychiatric disorders. The coexistence of obesity and IBS exacerbates sleep difficulties and psychiatric distress. Screening and management of IBS and obesity might be warranted to improve sleep and psychiatric disturbances in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Huei Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Tu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, and College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Livia Shang Yu Wan Chair Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Mei-Jou Chen,
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150
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Guedes DP, Silva ALDS. Prevalence and correlates of excess body weight in university students. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e78433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
abstract – This study aimed to identify the prevalence of excess body weight in university students from a representative state in Brazil's southern region and establish associations with the demographic, university environment, and health behavior correlates. A random sample of 5,310 university students answered an online questionnaire with demographic, university environment, and eight health behavior data. Excess body weight was identified using the body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). The data were processed using bivariate analysis and hierarchical multiple regression. The overall prevalence of excess body weight exposure was equivalent to 39.1% [35.7-42.6], with significantly different rates between gender, age, and marital status. Likewise, housing type and study year showed significant associations with excess body weight. Among health behavior indicators, with control of all other variables involved in the model, depressive symptoms (p = 0.031), high stress (p = 0.045), sleep duration < 6 hours/night (p < 0.001), moderate-vigorous physical activity < 150 min/week (p = 0.022) and fruit/vegetable consumption < 5 servings per day (p < 0.001) were independently associated with the outcome. However, tobacco use, binge drinking, and prescription drug misuse did not remain in the adjusted multivariate model. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the importance of proposing and implementing multifaceted preventive intervention actions to prevent health outcomes related to excess body weight, once since significant associations with modifiable factors have been identified.
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