151
|
Jin JL, Guo YL, Li JJ. Plasma free fatty acids in relation with the severity of coronary artery disease in non-diabetics: A Gensini score assessment. IJC METABOLIC & ENDOCRINE 2017; 14:48-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcme.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
|
152
|
de Fatima Silva F, Ortiz-Silva M, de Souza Galia WB, Cassolla P, Graciano MFR, Zaia CTBV, Zaia D, Carpinelli ÂR, da Silva FG, de Souza HM. Pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and reduces weight loss in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Life Sci 2017; 171:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
153
|
Tawfik SH, Haiba MM, Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Hanafi MY, Kamel MA. Intrauterine diabetic milieu instigates dysregulated adipocytokines production in F1 offspring. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 59:1. [PMID: 28078101 PMCID: PMC5220612 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Intrauterine environment plays a pivotal role in the origin of fatal diseases such as the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes is associated with low-grade inflammatory state and dysregulated adipokines production. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal diabetes on adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin and TNF-α) production in F1 offspring in rats. Methods The offspring groups were as follows: F1 offspring of control mothers under control diet (CD) (CF1-CD), F1 offspring of control mothers under high caloric diet (HCD) (CF1-HCD), F1 offspring of diabetic mothers under CD (DF1-CD), and F1 offspring of diabetic mothers under HCD (DF1-HCD). Every 5 weeks post-natal, 10 pups of each subgroup were culled to obtain blood samples for biochemical analysis. Results The results indicate that DF1-CD and DF1-HCD groups exhibited hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis compared to CF1-CD (p > 0.05). DF1-CD and DF1-HCD groups had high hepatic and muscular depositions of TGs. The significant elevated NEFA level only appeared in offspring of diabetic mothers that was fed HCD. DF1-CD and DF1-HCD groups demonstrated low serum levels of adiponectin, high levels of leptin, and elevated levels of TNF-α compared to CF1-CD (p > 0.05). These results reveal the disturbed metabolic lipid profile of offspring of diabetic mothers and could guide further characterization of the mechanisms involved. Conclusion Dysregulated adipocytokines production could be a possible mechanism for the transgenerational transmittance of diabetes, especially following a postnatal diabetogenic environment. Moreover, the exacerbating effects of postnatal HCD on NEFA in rats might be prone to adipcytokine dysregulation. Furthermore, dysregulation of serum adipokines is a prevalent consequence of maternal diabetes and could guide further investigations to predict the development of metabolic disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shady H Tawfik
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21561, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha M Haiba
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21561, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21561, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mervat Y Hanafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21561, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21561, 165 Elhorreya Avenue, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Jais A, Brüning JC. Hypothalamic inflammation in obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:24-32. [PMID: 28045396 DOI: 10.1172/jci88878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, hypothalamic inflammation has been linked to the development and progression of obesity and its sequelae. There is accumulating evidence that this inflammation not only impairs energy balance but also contributes to obesity-associated insulin resistance. Elevated activation of key inflammatory mediators such as JNK and IκB kinase (IKK) occurs rapidly upon consumption of a high-fat diet, even prior to significant weight gain. This activation of hypothalamic inflammatory pathways results in the uncoupling of caloric intake and energy expenditure, fostering overeating and further weight gain. In addition, these inflammatory processes contribute to obesity-associated insulin resistance and deterioration of glucose metabolism via altered neurocircuit functions. An understanding of the contributions of different neuronal and non-neuronal cell types to hypothalamic inflammatory processes, and delineation of the differences and similarities between acute and chronic activation of these inflammatory pathways, will be critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
155
|
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease occurs in significant percentage of general population. NAFLD is closely associated with entire spectrum of metabolic-related disorders including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Considering several similar pathways underpinning metabolic disorders, presence of common molecular mediators contributing to pathomechanism of these disorders is expected. Mounting evidence has demonstrated important role of adipokines in the context of NAFLD. Adipokines produced by different tissues, mainly adipose, modulate numerous pathways including glucose and fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. CTRPs (C1q/TNF-related proteins) are a recently identified family of adipokines in which adiponectin is the most well-known ones. CTRP1 is a member of this family which has captured attention in recent years. CTRP1 enhances glucose and fatty acid oxidation, improves insulin sensitivity, attenuates plaque formation, and increases aldosterone production. Hence, various roles in metabolic pathways can link CTRP1 to NAFLD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
156
|
Barre DE, Mizier-Barre KA, Griscti O, Hafez K. Flaxseed oil supplementation manipulates correlations between serum individual mol % free fatty acid levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetics. Insulin resistance and percent remaining pancreatic β-cell function are unaffected. Endocr Regul 2016; 50:183-193. [DOI: 10.1515/enr-2016-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives. Elevated total serum free fatty acids (FFAs) concentrations have been suggested, controversially, to enhance insulin resistance and decrease percent remaining β-cell function. However, concentrations of individual serum FFAs have never been published in terms of their relationship (correlation) to homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and percent remaining β-cell function (HOMA-%β) in the type 2 diabetics (T2Ds). Alpha-linolenic acid consumption has a negative correlation with the insulin resistance, which in turn is negatively correlated with the remaining β-cell function. The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that there would be different relationship (correlation) between the blood serum individual free FFA mol % levels and HOMA-IR and/or HOMA-%β in T2D. The secondary objective was to test the hypothesis that flaxseed oil, previously being shown to be ineffective in the glycemic control in T2Ds, may alter these correlations in a statistically significant manner as well as HOMA-IR and/or HOMA-%β.
Methods. Patients were recruited via a newspaper advertisement and two physicians have been employed. All the patients came to visit one and three months later for a second visit. At the second visit, the subjects were randomly assigned (double blind) to flaxseed or safflower oil treatment for three months, until the third visit.
Results. Different statistically significant correlations or trends towards among some serum individual free FFA mol % levels and HOMA-IR and HOMA-%β, pre- and post-flaxseed and safflower oil supplementation were found. However, flaxseed oil had no impact on HOMA-IR or HOMA-%β despite statistically significant alterations in correlations compared to baseline HOMA-IR.
Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that high doses of flaxseed oil have no statistically significant effect on HOMA-IR or HOMA-%β in T2Ds, probably due to the additive effects of negative and positive correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DE Barre
- Department of Health Sciences and Emergency Management, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - KA Mizier-Barre
- Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - O Griscti
- School of Nursing, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - K Hafez
- Dr Soliman Faqeeh Hospital/King Abdulla University of Science and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Prolonged Exposure of Primary Human Muscle Cells to Plasma Fatty Acids Associated with Obese Phenotype Induces Persistent Suppression of Muscle Mitochondrial ATP Synthase β Subunit. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160057. [PMID: 27532680 PMCID: PMC4988792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies show reduced abundance of the β-subunit of mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (β-F1-ATPase) in skeletal muscle of obese individuals. The β-F1-ATPase forms the catalytic core of the ATP synthase, and it is critical for ATP production in muscle. The mechanism(s) impairing β-F1-ATPase metabolism in obesity, however, are not completely understood. First, we studied total muscle protein synthesis and the translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in obese (BMI, 36±1 kg/m2) and lean (BMI, 22±1 kg/m2) subjects. Both total protein synthesis (0.044±0.006 vs 0.066±0.006%·h-1) and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase (0.0031±0.0007 vs 0.0073±0.0004) were lower in muscle from the obese subjects when compared to the lean controls (P<0.05). We then evaluated these same responses in a primary cell culture model, and tested the specific hypothesis that circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in obesity play a role in the responses observed in humans. The findings on total protein synthesis and translation efficiency of β-F1-ATPase in primary myotubes cultured from a lean subject, and after exposure to NEFA extracted from serum of an obese subject, were similar to those obtained in humans. Among candidate microRNAs (i.e., non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression), we identified miR-127-5p in preventing the production of β-F1-ATPase. Muscle expression of miR-127-5p negatively correlated with β-F1-ATPase protein translation efficiency in humans (r = - 0.6744; P<0.01), and could be modeled in vitro by prolonged exposure of primary myotubes derived from the lean subject to NEFA extracted from the obese subject. On the other hand, locked nucleic acid inhibitor synthesized to target miR-127-5p significantly increased β-F1-ATPase translation efficiency in myotubes (0.6±0.1 vs 1.3±0.3, in control vs exposure to 50 nM inhibitor; P<0.05). Our experiments implicate circulating NEFA in obesity in suppressing muscle protein metabolism, and establish impaired β-F1-ATPase translation as an important consequence of obesity.
Collapse
|
158
|
Windemuller F, Xu J, Rabinowitz SS, Hussain MM, Schwarz SM. Lipogenesis in Huh7 cells is promoted by increasing the fructose: Glucose molar ratio. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:838-843. [PMID: 27458503 PMCID: PMC4945503 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i20.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine whether hepatocyte lipogenesis, in an in vitro cell culture model, is modulated by adjusting culture media monosaccharide content and concentration.
METHODS: Hepatocytes (Huh7), demonstrating glucose and fructose uptake and lipid biosynthesis, were incubated in culture media containing either glucose alone (0.65-0.72 mmol/L) or isosmolar monosaccharide (0.72 mmol/L) comprising fructose:glucose (F:G) molar ratios ranging from 0.58-0.67. Following a 24-h incubation, cells were harvested and analyzed for total protein, triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (C) content. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among groups were determined using analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons.
RESULTS: After a 24 h incubation period, Huh7 cell mass and viability among all experimental groups were not different. Hepatocytes cultured with increasing concentrations of glucose alone did not demonstrate a significant change either in C or in TG content. However, when the culture media contained increasing F:G molar ratios, at a constant total monosaccharide concentration, synthesis both of C and of TG increased significantly [F:G ratio = 0.58, C/protein (μg/μg) = 0.13; F:G = 0.67, C/protein = 0.18, P < 0.01; F:G ratio = 0.58, TG/protein (μg/μg) = 0.06; F:G ratio = 0.67, TG/protein = 0.11, P < 0.01].
CONCLUSION: In an in vitro hepatocyte model, glucose or fructose plus glucose support total cell mass and lipogenic activity. Increasing the fructose:glucose molar ratio (but not glucose alone) enhances triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis. These investigations demonstrate fructose promotes hepatocellular lipogenesis, and they provide evidence supporting future, in vivo studies of fructose’s role in the development of hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
|
159
|
Bosquet A, Guaita-Esteruelas S, Saavedra P, Rodríguez-Calvo R, Heras M, Girona J, Masana L. Exogenous FABP4 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in HepG2 liver cells. Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:191-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
160
|
Paapstel K, Kals J, Eha J, Tootsi K, Ottas A, Piir A, Zilmer M. Metabolomic profiles of lipid metabolism, arterial stiffness and hemodynamics in male coronary artery disease patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcme.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
161
|
Gileles-Hillel A, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Gozal D. Biological plausibility linking sleep apnoea and metabolic dysfunction. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12:290-8. [PMID: 26939978 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a very common disorder that affects 10-25% of the general population. In the past two decades, OSA has emerged as a cardiometabolic risk factor in both paediatric and adult populations. OSA-induced metabolic perturbations include dyslipidaemia, atherogenesis, liver dysfunction and abnormal glucose metabolism. The mainstay of treatment for OSA is adenotonsillectomy in children and continuous positive airway pressure therapy in adults. Although these therapies are effective at resolving the sleep-disordered breathing component of OSA, they do not always produce beneficial effects on metabolic function. Thus, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which OSA influences metabolic dysfunction might yield improved therapeutic approaches and outcomes. In this Review, we summarize the evidence obtained from animal models and studies of patients with OSA of potential mechanistic pathways linking the hallmarks of OSA (intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation) with metabolic dysfunction. Special emphasis is given to adipose tissue dysfunction induced by sleep apnoea, which bears a striking resemblance to adipose dysfunction resulting from obesity. In addition, important gaps in current knowledge and promising lines of future investigation are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gileles-Hillel
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Room 4100, 900 East 57th Street, Mailbox 4, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1470, USA
| | - Leila Kheirandish-Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Room 4100, 900 East 57th Street, Mailbox 4, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1470, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Room 4100, 900 East 57th Street, Mailbox 4, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1470, USA
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Amato A, Baldassano S, Mulè F. GLP2: an underestimated signal for improving glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:R57-66. [PMID: 27048234 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP2) is a proglucagon-derived peptide produced by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells and by a discrete population of neurons in the brainstem, which projects mainly to the hypothalamus. The main biological actions of GLP2 are related to the regulation of energy absorption and maintenance of mucosal morphology, function and integrity of the intestine; however, recent experimental data suggest that GLP2 exerts beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, especially in conditions related to increased uptake of energy, such as obesity, at least in the animal model. Indeed, mice lacking GLP2 receptor selectively in hypothalamic neurons that express proopiomelanocortin show impaired postprandial glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin resistance (by increased gluconeogenesis). Moreover, GLP2 acts as a beneficial factor for glucose metabolism in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Thus, the aim of this review is to update and summarize current knowledge about the role of GLP2 in the control of glucose homeostasis and to discuss how this molecule could exert protective effects against the onset of related obesity type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sara Baldassano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Grabiec K, Majewska A, Wicik Z, Milewska M, Błaszczyk M, Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk K. The effect of palmitate supplementation on gene expression profile in proliferating myoblasts. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:185-98. [PMID: 27114085 PMCID: PMC4882353 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet, exposure to saturated fatty acids, or the presence of adipocytes in myoblast microenvironment affects skeletal muscle growth and function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of palmitate supplementation on transcriptomic profile of mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Global gene expression was evaluated using whole mouse genome oligonucleotide microarrays, and the results were validated through qPCR. A total of 4047 genes were identified as differentially expressed, including 3492 downregulated and 555 upregulated genes, during a 48-h exposure to palmitate (0.1 mmol/l). Functional classification showed the involvement of these genes in several processes which regulate cell growth. In conclusion, the addition of palmitate modifies the expression of genes associated with (1) myoblast responsiveness to hormones and growth factors, (2) cytokine and growth factor expression, and (3) regulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix communication. Such alterations can affect myoblast growth and differentiation; however, further studies in this field are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Grabiec
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Wicik
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Milewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Błaszczyk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Hanafi MY, Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Saleh MM, Kamel MA. In Utero Nutritional Manipulation Provokes Dysregulated Adipocytokines Production in F1 Offspring in Rats. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:3892890. [PMID: 27200209 PMCID: PMC4855010 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3892890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Background. Intrauterine environment plays a pivotal role in the origin of fatal diseases such as diabetes. Diabetes and obesity are associated with low-grade inflammatory state and dysregulated adipokines production. This study aims to investigate the effect of maternal obesity and malnutrition on adipokines production (adiponectin, leptin, and TNF-α) in F1 offspring in rats. Materials and Methods. Wistar rats were allocated in groups: F1 offspring of control mothers under control diet (CF1-CD) and under high-fat diet (CF1-HCD), F1 offspring of obese mothers under CD (OF1-CD) and under HCD (OF1-HCD), and F1 offspring of malnourished mothers under CD (MF1-CD) and under HCD (MF1-HCD). Every 5 weeks postnatally, blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Results. At the end of the 30-week follow-up, OF1-HCD and MF1-HCD exhibited hyperinsulinemia, moderate dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose homeostasis compared to CF1-CD and CF1-HCD. OF1-HCD and MF1-HCD demonstrated low serum levels of adiponectin and high levels of leptin compared to CF1-CD and CF1-HCD. OF1-CD, OF1-HCD, and MF1-HCD had elevated serum levels of TNF-α compared to CF1-CD and CF1-HCD (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Maternal nutritional manipulation predisposes the offspring to development of insulin resistance in their adult life, probably via instigating dysregulated adipokines production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Y. Hanafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Taha M. Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M. Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A. Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Boulangé CL, Neves AL, Chilloux J, Nicholson JK, Dumas ME. Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease. Genome Med 2016; 8:42. [PMID: 27098727 PMCID: PMC4839080 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 874] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut harbors more than 100 trillion microbial cells, which have an essential role in human metabolic regulation via their symbiotic interactions with the host. Altered gut microbial ecosystems have been associated with increased metabolic and immune disorders in animals and humans. Molecular interactions linking the gut microbiota with host energy metabolism, lipid accumulation, and immunity have also been identified. However, the exact mechanisms that link specific variations in the composition of the gut microbiota with the development of obesity and metabolic diseases in humans remain obscure owing to the complex etiology of these pathologies. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the mechanistic interactions between the gut microbiota, host energy metabolism, and the host immune system in the context of obesity and metabolic disease, with a focus on the importance of the axis that links gut microbes and host metabolic inflammation. Finally, we discuss therapeutic approaches aimed at reshaping the gut microbial ecosystem to regulate obesity and related pathologies, as well as the challenges that remain in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Boulangé
- Metabometrix Ltd, Bio-incubator, Prince Consort Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BP, UK
| | - Ana Luisa Neves
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2PH, UK
| | - Julien Chilloux
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2PH, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Metabometrix Ltd, Bio-incubator, Prince Consort Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BP, UK. .,Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2PH, UK.
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2PH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Rojas-Morales P, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. β-Hydroxybutyrate: A signaling metabolite in starvation response? Cell Signal 2016; 28:917-23. [PMID: 27083590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ketone bodies β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetoacetate are important metabolic substrates for energy production during prolonged fasting. However, BHB also has signaling functions. Through several metabolic pathways or processes, BHB modulates nutrient utilization and energy expenditure. These findings suggest that BHB is not solely a metabolic intermediate, but also acts as a signal to regulate metabolism and maintain energy homeostasis during nutrient deprivation. We briefly summarize the metabolism and emerging physiological functions of ketone bodies and highlight the potential role for BHB as a signaling molecule in starvation response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rojas-Morales
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología - Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Suman RK, Borde MK, Mohanty IR, Maheshwari U, Deshmukh YA. Myocardial Salvaging Effects of Berberine in Experimental Diabetes Co-Existing with Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:FF13-8. [PMID: 27134894 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/15794.7459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Berberis aristata, has been shown to display a wide array of pharmacological activities (hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic). AIM The present study was designed to investigate whether these pharmacological properties translate into the cardioprotective effects of Berberine in the setting of diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Necessary approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee was taken for the study. Experimental diabetes was produced with single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ): 45mg/kg ip and myocardial infarction was induced by administering Isoproterenol (ISP): 85mg/kg, sc to rats on 35(th) & 36(th) day. After the confirmation of diabetes on 7(th) day (>200mg/dl), Berberine (100 mg/kg) was administered orally to experimental rats from day 8 and continued for 30 days thereafter. Various anti-diabetic (Glucose, HbA1c), cardioprotective (CPK-MB), metabolic (lipid profile), safety {liver function (SGPT, kidney function (Creatinine)} and histopathological indices of injury were evaluated in Healthy Control, Diabetic Control and Berberine treated groups. RESULTS Administration of STZ-ISP resulted in a significant decrease in body weight (p<0.001), diabetic changes (increase in blood glucose, HbA1c), cardiac injury (leakage of myocardial CPK-MB), altered lipid profile, SGPT, creatinine levels (p<0.001) in the diabetic control group rats as compared to healthy control. Berberine treatment demonstrated significant antidiabetic as well as myocardial salvaging effects as indicated by restoration of blood glucose, HbA1c and CPK-MB levels (p<0.001) compared to diabetic control group. In addition, Berberine favourably modulated the lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL). Subsequent to ISP challenge, histopathological assessment of heart, pancreas and biochemical indices of injury confirmed the cardioprotective effects of Berberine in setting of diabetes. In addition, Berberine was found to be safe to the liver and kidney. CONCLUSION Berberine treatment produced myocardial salvaging effects in the setting of diabetes challenged with ISP induced myocardial necrosis. Cardioprotection may be attributed to anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Suman
- Tutor, Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College , Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Manjusha K Borde
- Tutor, Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College , Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Ipseeta Ray Mohanty
- Professor, Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College , Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Ujwala Maheshwari
- Professor, Department of Pathology, MGM Medical College , Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Y A Deshmukh
- Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College , Navi Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Delarue J, Allain-Jeannic G, Guillerm S, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Magnan C, Moineau MP, Le Guen V. Interaction of low dose of fish oil and glucocorticoids on insulin sensitivity and lipolysis in healthy humans: A randomized controlled study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:886-96. [PMID: 26821227 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study examined the interaction of fish oil (FO) with dexamethasone on glucose and lipid metabolisms in healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included two consecutive parts. Part A (randomized) in 16 subjects studied the effects of dexamethasone (2 days, 2 mg/day) versus placebo (lactose), part B (two parallel subgroups of eight) studied the interaction of FO (3 wk, 840 mg/day of EPA + DHA) with dexamethasone. Insulin sensitivity of lipolysis (d5-glycerol infusion + microdialysis), endogenous glucose production, and muscle glucose uptake were assessed by a three-step hot insulin clamp and substrate oxidation by indirect calorimetry. Dexamethasone induced liver and peripheral insulin resistance, an increase in fat oxidation, and a decrease in suppression of plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs). FO amplified the effects of dexamethasone by increasing liver and muscle insulin resistance, by reducing suppression of plasma NEFAs and fat oxidation and by increasing adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis. CONCLUSION FO, given at a moderate dose in healthy subjects prior to a very short-term (2 days) low dose of a synthetic glucocorticoid, worsened its deleterious effects on insulin sensitivity. The enhancing effect of FO on fat oxidation and AT lipolysis might be a protective effect toward an increase in fat mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Laboratory of Human Nutrition, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, Brest, France.,Breton Federation of Food and Human Nutrition (FED4216), University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Gwenola Allain-Jeannic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Laboratory of Human Nutrition, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, Brest, France
| | - Sophie Guillerm
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Laboratory of Human Nutrition, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, Brest, France
| | | | - Christophe Magnan
- BFA, UMR 8251 CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Moineau
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology Toxicology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, Brest, France
| | - Valérie Le Guen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Laboratory of Human Nutrition, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Briançon-Marjollet A, Monneret D, Henri M, Hazane-Puch F, Pepin JL, Faure P, Godin-Ribuot D. Endothelin regulates intermittent hypoxia-induced lipolytic remodelling of adipose tissue and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase. J Physiol 2016; 594:1727-40. [PMID: 26663321 DOI: 10.1113/jp271321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is characterized by repetitive episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep resulting in chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH). Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, through IH, promotes cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion is upregulated by IH, and is able to modulate adipocyte metabolism. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the role of ET-1 in the metabolic consequences of IH on adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro. Wistar rats were submitted to 14 days of IH-cycles (30 s of 21% FiO2 and 30 s of 5% FiO2 ; 8 h day(-1) ) or normoxia (air-air cycles) and were treated or not with bosentan, a dual type A and B endothelin receptor (ETA-R and ETB-R) antagonist. Bosentan treatment decreased plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride levels, and inhibited IH-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue. Moreover, IH induced a 2-fold increase in ET-1 transcription and ETA-R expression in adipose tissue that was reversed by bosentan. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, ET-1 upregulated its own and its ETA-R transcription and this effect was abolished by bosentan. Moreover, ET-1 induced glycerol release and inhibited insulin-induced glucose uptake. Bosentan and BQ123 inhibited these effects. Bosentan also reversed the ET-1-induced phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) on Ser(660) . Finally, ET-1-induced lipolysis and HSL phosphorylation were also observed under hypoxia. Altogether, these data suggest that ET-1 is involved in IH-induced lipolysis in Wistar rats, and that upregulation of ET-1 production and ETA-R expression by ET-1 itself under IH could amplify its effects. Moreover, ET-1-induced lipolysis could be mediated through ETA-R and activation of HSL by Ser(660) phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Monneret
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, HP2, U1042, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble, Departement of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology, Biology Pole, Grenoble, France.,Present address: Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Marion Henri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, HP2, U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Hazane-Puch
- CHU Grenoble, Departement of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology, Biology Pole, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pepin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, HP2, U1042, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble, EFCR Laboratory, Thorax and vessels pole, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Faure
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, HP2, U1042, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble, Departement of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology, Biology Pole, Grenoble, France
| | - Diane Godin-Ribuot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, HP2, U1042, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Pardina E, Ferrer R, Rossell J, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Lecube A, Fort JM, Caubet E, González Ó, Vilallonga R, Vargas V, Balibrea JM, Peinado-Onsurbe J. Diabetic and dyslipidaemic morbidly obese exhibit more liver alterations compared with healthy morbidly obese. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 5:54-65. [PMID: 27051590 PMCID: PMC4802404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background & aims To study the origin of fat excess in the livers of morbidly obese (MO) individuals, we analysed lipids and lipases in both plasma and liver and genes involved in lipid transport, or related with, in that organ. Methods Thirty-two MO patients were grouped according to the absence (healthy: DM − DL −) or presence of comorbidities (dyslipidemic: DM − DL +; or dyslipidemic with type 2 diabetes: DM + DL +) before and one year after gastric bypass. Results The livers of healthy, DL and DM patients contained more lipids (9.8, 9.5 and 13.7 times, respectively) than those of control subjects. The genes implicated in liver lipid uptake, including HL, LPL, VLDLr, and FAT/CD36, showed increased expression compared with the controls. The expression of genes involved in lipid-related processes outside of the liver, such as apoB, PPARα and PGC1α, CYP7a1 and HMGCR, was reduced in these patients compared with the controls. PAI1 and TNFα gene expression in the diabetic livers was increased compared with the other obese groups and control group. Increased steatosis and fibrosis were also noted in the MO individuals. Conclusions Hepatic lipid parameters in MO patients change based on their comorbidities. The gene expression and lipid levels after bariatric surgery were less prominent in the diabetic patients. Lipid receptor overexpression could enable the liver to capture circulating lipids, thus favouring the steatosis typically observed in diabetic and dyslipidaemic MO individuals. The criteria used to define the “metabolically healthy” obese is not applicable to morbidly obese patients. Virtually no studies of how bariatric surgery affects depending on comorbidities and less how affect to the liver. Anthropometrics, fat, lipid profile and inflammation parameters are different depending of comorbidities, not only in plasma but also in liver. The extent of lipases and lipids in the liver biopsies could help not only the diagnosis but also to follow the course of recovery after surgery. The morbidly obese individuals with diabetes and dyslipidemia have more altered metabolic profiles than the other two groups.
Collapse
Key Words
- ALT, Alanine transaminase
- AST, Aspartate transaminase
- ATGL, Adipose Tissue Glycerol Lipase
- ApoA1, Apolipoprotein A1
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- CPT1a, Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1a
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CYP7a1, Cholesterol 7 Alpha-Hydroxylase
- DL, Dyslipidaemia
- DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- DM + DL +, Obese patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia
- DM − DL +, Dyslipidemic obese patients
- DM − DL −, “Healthy” obese patients, or patients without type 2 diabetes or dyslipidaemia
- Diabetes
- FAT/CD36, Fatty Acid Translocase or Cluster of Differentiation 36
- GGT, gamma-glutaryl transferase
- HL, Hepatic lipase
- HMGCR, 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase
- HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance
- HSL, Hormone-sensitive lipase
- HTA, Hypertension
- IL6, Interleukin-6
- IR, Insulin resistance
- KBs, Ketone bodies
- LDLr, Low-Density Lipoprotein receptor
- Lipases
- Lipids
- Liver
- MO, Morbidly obese
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, Non-alcoholic liver steatohepatitis
- NEFA, Non-esterified fatty acid
- PAI1, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor of Type 1
- PLs, Phospholipids
- PPARα, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha
- PPARα, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
- QMs, Chylomicrons
- RYGBP, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
- SAT, Subcutaneous adipose tissue
- SCARB1, Scavenger Receptor Class B, Member 1
- Steatosis
- TAGs, Triacylglycerides
- TC, Total cholesterol
- TNFα, Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha
- UCP2, Uncoupling Protein 2
- VAT, Visceral adipose tissue
- VLDLr, Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein receptor
- apoB, Apolipoprotein B
- cHDL, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
- cLDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
- eNOS3, Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase 3
- iNOS2, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 2
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pardina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Biology Faculty, Barcelona University, Spain
| | - Roser Ferrer
- Biochemistry Department, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Rossell
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Biology Faculty, Barcelona University, Spain
| | | | - Albert Lecube
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital (UdL), Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit (VHIR, UAB), CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Fort
- Endocrinology Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Caubet
- Endocrinology Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar González
- Endocrinology Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Vilallonga
- Endocrinology Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Vargas
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Balibrea
- Endocrinology Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Peinado-Onsurbe
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Biology Faculty, Barcelona University, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Magnan C, Levin BE, Luquet S. Brain lipid sensing and the neural control of energy balance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 1:3-8. [PMID: 26415589 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) -sensitive neurons are present in the brain, especially the hypothalamus, and play a key role in the neural control of energy and glucose homeostasis including feeding behavior, secretion insulin and action. Subpopulations of neurons in the arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei are selectively either activated or inhibited by FA. Molecular effectors of these FA effects include ion channels such as chloride, potassium or calcium. In addition, at least half of the responses in the hypothalamic ventromedial FA neurons are mediated through interaction with the FA translocator/receptor, FAT/CD36, that does not require metabolism to activate intracellular signaling downstream. Recently, an important role of lipoprotein lipase in FA detection has also been demonstrated not only in the hypothalamus, but also in the hippocampus and striatum. Finally, FA could overload energy homeostasis via increased hypothalamic ceramide synthesis which could, in turn, contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes of obesity and/or type 2 in predisposed individuals by disrupting the endocrine signaling pathways of insulin and/or leptin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Magnan
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205, Paris, France.
| | - Barry E Levin
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, East Orange, NJ, USA; Department of Neurology, Rutgers, NJ Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Serge Luquet
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Fairbridge NA, Southall TM, Ayre DC, Komatsu Y, Raquet PI, Brown RJ, Randell E, Kovacs CS, Christian SL. Loss of CD24 in Mice Leads to Metabolic Dysfunctions and a Reduction in White Adipocyte Tissue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141966. [PMID: 26536476 PMCID: PMC4633231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface receptor that is involved in regulating the survival or differentiation of several different cell types. CD24 has been used to identify pre-adipocytes that are able to reconstitute white adipose tissue (WAT) in vivo. Moreover, we recently found that the dynamic upregulation of CD24 in vitro during early phases of adipogenesis is necessary for mature adipocyte development. To determine the role of CD24 in adipocyte development in vivo, we evaluated the development of the inguinal and interscapular subcutaneous WAT and the epididymal visceral WAT in mice with a homozygous deletion of CD24 (CD24KO). We observed a significant decrease in WAT mass of 40% to 74% in WAT mass from both visceral and subcutaneous depots in male mice, with no significant effect in female mice, compared to wild-type (WT) sex- and age-matched controls. We also found that CD24KO mice had increased fasting glucose and free fatty acids, decreased fasting insulin, and plasma leptin. No major differences were observed in the sensitivity to insulin or glucose, or in circulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, or LDL-cholesterol levels between WT and CD24KO mice. Challenging the CD24KO mice with either high sucrose (35%) or high fat (45%) diets that promote increased adiposity, increased WAT mass and fasting insulin, adiponectin and leptin levels, as well as reduced the sensitivity to insulin and glucose, to the levels of WT mice on the same diets. The CD24-mediated reduction in fat pad size was due to a reduction in adipocyte cell size in all depots with no significant reduction pre-adipocyte or adipocyte cell number. Thus, we have clearly demonstrated that the global absence of CD24 affects adipocyte cell size in vivo in a sex- and diet-dependent manner, as well as causing metabolic disturbances in glucose homeostasis and free fatty acid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Fairbridge
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Thomas M. Southall
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - D. Craig Ayre
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Yumiko Komatsu
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Paula I. Raquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Robert J. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Edward Randell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Christopher S. Kovacs
- Division of Medicine-Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Sherri L. Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Ortega FJ, Mercader JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Nonell L, Puigdecanet E, Rodriquez-Hermosa JI, Rovira O, Xifra G, Guerra E, Moreno M, Mayas D, Moreno-Castellanos N, Fernández-Formoso JA, Ricart W, Tinahones FJ, Torrents D, Malagón MM, Fernández-Real JM. Surgery-Induced Weight Loss Is Associated With the Downregulation of Genes Targeted by MicroRNAs in Adipose Tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E1467-76. [PMID: 26252355 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Molecular mechanisms associated with physiological variations in adipose tissue (AT) are not fully recognized. The most recent reports highlight the critical relevance of microRNAs (miRNAs) found in AT. OBJECTIVE To identify changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA expressions and their interaction in human AT before and after surgery-induced weight loss. Research Design and Setting: Genome-wide mRNA and miRNA expressions were assessed by microarrays in abdominal subcutaneous AT of 16 morbidly obese women before and 2 years after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The association of changes in miRNAs with their respective mRNA targets was studied. The results were replicated in publicly available microarray datasets. Validation was made by real-time polymerase chain reaction in additional fat samples from 26 age-matched lean women and in isolated human adipocytes. RESULTS A total of 5018 different mRNA probe sets and 15 miRNAs were differentially expressed after surgery-induced weight loss. The clustering of similar expression patterns for gene products with related functions revealed molecular footprints that elucidate significant changes in cell cycle, development, lipid metabolism, and the inflammatory response. The participation of inflammation was demonstrated by results assessed in isolated adipocytes. Interestingly, when transcriptomes were analyzed taking into account the presence of miRNA target sites, miRNA target mRNAs were upregulated in obese AT (P value = 2 × 10(-181)) and inflamed adipocytes (P value = 4 × 10(-61)), according to the number of target sites harbored by each transcript. CONCLUSIONS Current findings suggest impaired miRNA target gene expression in obese AT in close association with inflammation, both improving after weight loss.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/immunology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adult
- Body Mass Index
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cohort Studies
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gastric Bypass
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Longitudinal Studies
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/genetics
- Obesity, Morbid/immunology
- Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/surgery
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/immunology
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/metabolism
- Weight Loss
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Nonell
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia Puigdecanet
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José I Rodriquez-Hermosa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Rovira
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Xifra
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Guerra
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Moreno
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Mayas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Moreno-Castellanos
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Fernández-Formoso
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., G.X., E.G., M.M., W.R., J.M.R.-R.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (F.J.O., J.M.M.-N., O.R., D.M., N.M.-C., J.A.F.-F., W.R., F.J.T., M.M.M., J.M.F.-R.), Spain; Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program on Computational Biology (J.M.M., D.T.), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Anàlisi de Microarrays (L.N., E.P.), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery (J.I.R.-H.), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Girona, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition (D.M., F.J.T.), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga, Málaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology (N.M.-C., M.M.M.), Instituto Maimonides de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (D.T.), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Nobili V, Alisi A, Musso G, Scorletti E, Calder PC, Byrne CD. Omega-3 fatty acids: Mechanisms of benefit and therapeutic effects in pediatric and adult NAFLD. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 53:106-20. [PMID: 26463349 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1092106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently considered the most common liver disease in industrialized countries, and it is estimated that it will become the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in the next decade. NAFLD may be associated with moderate (i.e. steatosis) to severe (i.e. steatohepatitis and fibrosis) liver damage and affects all age groups. Furthermore, subjects with NAFLD may be at a greater risk of other obesity-related complications later in life, and people with obesity and obesity-related complications (e.g. metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease) are at increased risk of developing NAFLD. To date, there is no licensed treatment for NAFLD and therapy has been mainly centered on weight loss and increased physical activity. Unfortunately, it is often difficult for patients to adhere to the advised lifestyle changes. Therefore, based on the known pathogenesis of NAFLD, several clinical trials with different nutritional supplementation and prescribed drugs have been undertaken or are currently underway. Experimental evidence has emerged about the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, a group of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are important for a number of health-related functions. Omega-3 fatty acids are present in some foods (oils, nuts and seeds) that also contain omega-6 fatty acids, and the best sources of exclusively omega-3 fatty acids are oily fish, krill oil and algae. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and we also discuss the molecular and clinical evidence for the benefits of different omega-3 fatty acid preparations in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Alisi
- b Liver Research Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital and IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Musso
- c Gradenigo Hospital, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- d Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK , and.,e National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- d Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK , and.,e National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- d Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK , and.,e National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Kim BC, Kim MK, Han K, Lee SY, Lee SH, Ko SH, Kwon HS, Merchant AT, Yim HW, Lee WC, Park YG, Park YM. Low muscle mass is associated with metabolic syndrome only in nonobese young adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010. Nutr Res 2015; 35:1070-8. [PMID: 26602833 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between body composition and metabolic risk factors in young adults. We hypothesized that low muscle mass (LMM) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in young adults and that the associations vary by obesity. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. In total, 5300 young adults aged 19 to 39 years were evaluated. Low muscle mass was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass/weight less than 1 SD below the mean for each participant's corresponding sex and age group. Obesity was defined as a body mass index greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2. The prevalence of LMM was higher in obese than nonobese participants (37.6% vs. 9.6%). In the nonobese participants, the prevalence of MetS, high waist circumference, high triglycerides, and high blood pressure was significantly greater in the LMM group than in the high muscle mass group. In the nonobese group, compared with high muscle mass participants, those with LMM had odds ratios for MetS of 3.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.48-8.76; P < .001) and 3.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.48-8.71; P < .001) in men and women, respectively, after adjusting for confounding factors. However, no significant association of LMM with MetS or its components was found in obese participants. In conclusion, our results suggest that young adults with LMM may have a high risk of MetS, especially when they are nonobese. Interventions aimed at increasing muscle mass at younger ages may have the potential to reduce MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Kim
- School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Kyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Young Lee
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chul Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
He B, Liu L, Yu C, Wang Y, Han P. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass reduces lipid overaccumulation in liver by upregulating hepatic autophagy in obese diabetic rats. Obes Surg 2015; 25:109-18. [PMID: 24993523 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decrease in lipotoxicity is one of the crucial mechanisms by which Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) improves insulin sensitivity. Little work, however, has been performed to elucidate the exact mechanism of RYGB reducing hepatic lipid overaccumulation in response to heavy lipid and glucose challenge. Here, we explored the effects of RYGB on hepatic autophagy in obese diabetic rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: diabetic RYGB, diabetic RYGB sham, diabetic food restriction (FR), diabetic rats, and non-diabetic controls (n = 12/group). At 4-week post-operation, genetic and protein expressions of autophagy markers including Atg7 and Beclin 1 and the conversion of LC3 were examined with quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in liver tissue were tested. RESULTS In both genetic and protein levels, we observed a significant upregulated autophagy in liver at 4 weeks after RYGB. Restored autophagy in liver played a key role in reducing the hepatic lipid burden in obese diabetic rats. The marked increase of autophagy in liver after RYGB correlated well with the plasma GLP-1 level. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that RYGB significantly upregulated hepatic autophagy. We suggest that the effects of RYGB on autophagy in liver may be due to the increased GLP-1 level after surgery. Moreover, the activated autophagy in liver might play a key role in reducing the hepatic lipid overaccumulation after RYGB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
177
|
Pitman KA, Borgland SL. Changes in mu-opioid receptor expression and function in the mesolimbic system after long-term access to a palatable diet. Pharmacol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
178
|
Yin F, Sancheti H, Liu Z, Cadenas E. Mitochondrial function in ageing: coordination with signalling and transcriptional pathways. J Physiol 2015; 594:2025-42. [PMID: 26293414 DOI: 10.1113/jp270541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction entailing decreased energy-transducing capacity and perturbed redox homeostasis is an early and sometimes initiating event in ageing and age-related disorders involving tissues with high metabolic rate such as brain, liver and heart. In the central nervous system (CNS), recent findings from our and other groups suggest that the mitochondrion-centred hypometabolism is a key feature of ageing brains and Alzheimer's disease. This hypometabolic state is manifested by lowered neuronal glucose uptake, metabolic shift in the astrocytes, and alternations in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle function. Similarly, in liver and adipose tissue, mitochondrial capacity around glucose and fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis is found to decline with age and is implicated in age-related metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These mitochondrion-related disorders in peripheral tissues can impact on brain functions through metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory signals. At the cellular level, studies in CNS and non-CNS tissues support the notion that instead of being viewed as autonomous organelles, mitochondria are part of a dynamic network with close interactions with other cellular components through energy- or redox-sensitive cytosolic kinase signalling and transcriptional pathways. Hence, it would be critical to further understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the communication between mitochondria and the rest of the cell. Therapeutic strategies that effectively preserves or improve mitochondrial function by targeting key component of these signalling cascades could represent a novel direction for numerous mitochondrion-implicated, age-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
| | - Harsh Sancheti
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Decaffeinated green tea extract rich in epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents fatty liver disease by increased activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in diet-induced obesity mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1348-56. [PMID: 26300331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been considered the hepatic manifestation of obesity. It is unclear whether supplementation with green tea extract rich in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) influences the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and insulin resistance in the liver. EGCG regulated hepatic mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and was capable of improving lipid metabolism, attenuating insulin resistance in obese mice. Mice were divided into four groups: control diet+water (CW) or EGCG (CE) and hyperlipidic diet+water (HFW) or EGCG (HFE). All animals received water and diets ad libitum for 16 weeks. Placebo groups received water (0.1 ml/day) and EGCG groups (0.1 ml EGCG and 50 mg/kg/day) by gavage. Cytokines concentrations were obtained by ELISA, protein expression through Western blotting and mitochondrial complex enzymatic activity by colorimetric assay of substrate degradation. HFW increased body weight gain, adiposity index, retroperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissue relative weight, serum glucose, insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Basal Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR); glucose intolerance was observed in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as well as ectopic fat liver deposition. HFE group decreased body weight gain, retroperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissue relative weight, HOMA-IR, insulin levels and liver fat accumulation; increased complexes II-III and IV and malate dehydrogenase activities and improvement in glucose uptake in OGTT and insulin sensitivity by increased protein expression of total AKT, IRα and IRS1. We did not find alterations in inflammatory parameters analyzed. EGCG was able to prevent obesity stimulating the mitochondrial complex chain, increasing energy expenditure, particularly from the oxidation of lipid substrates, thereby contributing to the prevention of hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
|
180
|
Grabiec K, Milewska M, Błaszczyk M, Gajewska M, Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk K. Palmitate exerts opposite effects on proliferation and differentiation of skeletal myoblasts. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1044-52. [PMID: 25857830 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine mechanisms controlling cell cycle progression/arrest and differentiation of mouse C2C12 myoblasts exposed to long-chain saturated fatty acid salt, palmitate. Treatment of proliferating myoblasts with palmitate (0.1 mmol/l) markedly decreased myoblast number. Cyclin A and cyclin D1 levels decreased, whereas total p21 and p21 complexed with cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (cdk4) increased in myoblasts treated with palmitate. In cells induced to differentiation addition of palmitate augmented the level of cyclin D3, the early (myogenin) and late (α-actinin, myosin heavy chain) markers of myogenesis, and caused an increase of myotube diameter. In conclusion, exposure to palmitate inhibits proliferation of myoblasts through a decrease in cyclin A and cyclin D1 levels and an increase of p21-cdk4 complex formation; however, it promotes cell cycle exit, myogenic differentiation and myotube growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Grabiec
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Milewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Błaszczyk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Trzepizur W, Gaceb A, Arnaud C, Ribuot C, Levy P, Martinez MC, Gagnadoux F, Andriantsitohaina R. Vascular and hepatic impact of short-term intermittent hypoxia in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124637. [PMID: 25993257 PMCID: PMC4436258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental models of intermittent hypoxia (IH) have been developed during the last decade to investigate the consequences of obstructive sleep apnea. IH is usually associated with detrimental metabolic and vascular outcomes. However, paradoxical protective effects have also been described depending of IH patterns and durations applied in studies. We evaluated the impact of short-term IH on vascular and metabolic function in a diet-induced model of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods Mice were fed either a standard diet or a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. During the final 14 days of each diet, animals were exposed to either IH (1 min cycle, FiO2 5% for 30s, FiO2 21% for 30s; 8 h/day) or intermittent air (FiO2 21%). Ex-vivo vascular reactivity in response to acetylcholine was assessed in aorta rings by myography. Glucose, insulin and leptin levels were assessed, as well as serum lipid profile, hepatic mitochondrial activity and tissue nitric oxide (NO) release. Results Mice fed with HFD developed moderate markers of dysmetabolism mimicking MS, including increased epididymal fat, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. HFD decreased mitochondrial complex I, II and IV activities and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in liver. IH applied to HFD mice induced a major increase in insulin and leptin levels and prevented endothelial dysfunction by restoring NO production. IH also restored mitochondrial complex I and IV activities, moderated the increase in LDH activity and liver triglyceride accumulation in HFD mice. Conclusion In a mouse model of MS, short-term IH increases insulin and leptin levels, restores endothelial function and mitochondrial activity and limits liver lipid accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Trzepizur
- INSERM U1063, Sopam, Angers University, F-49045, Angers, France
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Angers University hospital, Angers, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Abderahim Gaceb
- INSERM U1063, Sopam, Angers University, F-49045, Angers, France
| | - Claire Arnaud
- INSERM U1042, HP2 laboratory, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Ribuot
- INSERM U1042, HP2 laboratory, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Levy
- INSERM U1042, HP2 laboratory, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoires du Sommeil et EFCR, A. Michallon University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Frédéric Gagnadoux
- INSERM U1063, Sopam, Angers University, F-49045, Angers, France
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Angers University hospital, Angers, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
182
|
Ortega FJ, Moreno M, Mercader JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fuentes-Batllevell N, Sabater M, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM. Inflammation triggers specific microRNA profiles in human adipocytes and macrophages and in their supernatants. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:49. [PMID: 25926893 PMCID: PMC4413548 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relevance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in adipose tissue is increasingly recognized, being intrinsically linked to different pathways, including obesity-related inflammation. In this study, we aimed to characterize the changes induced by inflammation on the miRNA pattern of human adipocytes and macrophages. Therefore, an extensive profile of 754 common miRNAs was assessed in cells (human primary mature adipocytes, and the macrophage-like cell line THP-1) and in their supernatants (SN) using TaqMan low-density arrays. These profiles were evaluated at the baseline and after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng/ml) and LPS-conditioned medium from M1 macrophages (MCM, 5%). The miRNAs that experienced the most dramatic changes were studied in subcutaneous human adipose tissue before and approximately 2 years after bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. Results Differentiated adipocytes expressed 169 miRNAs, being 85 detectable in the SN. In M1 macrophages, 183 miRNAs were detected, being 106 also present in the SN. Inflammation led to an increased number of miRNAs detectable in cells and in their SNs in both adipocytes (+8.3% and +24.7%) and M1 macrophages (+1.4% and +5%, respectively). Indeed, under inflammatory conditions, adipocytes and M1 macrophages shared the expression of 147 (+9%) miRNAs, and 100 (+41%) common miRNAs were found in their SNs. Twelve of these factors were also linked to inflammation in whole adipose tissue from obese subjects. Interestingly, miR-221 (2-fold, P = 0.002), miR-222 (2.5-fold, P = 0.04), and miR-155 (5-fold, P = 0.015) were increased in inflamed adipocytes and in their SNs (15-, 6-, and 4-fold, respectively, all P < 0.001). Furthermore, their expressions in human adipose tissue concordantly decreased after weight loss (−51%, P = 0.003, −49%, P = 0.03, and −54.4%, P = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions Inflammation induces a specific miRNA pattern in adipocytes and M1 macrophages, with impact on the physiopathology of obesity-induced inflammation of adipose tissue. The crosstalk between cells should be investigated further. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0083-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Avinguda de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain ; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Moreno
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Avinguda de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Josep María Mercader
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB program on Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Avinguda de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain ; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Fuentes-Batllevell
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Avinguda de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Mònica Sabater
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Avinguda de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Avinguda de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain ; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Avinguda de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain ; CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Briançon-Marjollet A, Weiszenstein M, Henri M, Thomas A, Godin-Ribuot D, Polak J. The impact of sleep disorders on glucose metabolism: endocrine and molecular mechanisms. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015. [PMID: 25834642 DOI: 10.1186/s13098- 015-0018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle has profoundly modified human sleep habits. Sleep duration has shortened over recent decades from 8 to 6.5 hours resulting in chronic sleep deprivation. Additionally, irregular sleep, shift work and travelling across time zones lead to disruption of circadian rhythms and asynchrony between the master hypothalamic clock and pacemakers in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), which affects 4 - 15% of the population, is not only characterized by impaired sleep architecture but also by repetitive hemoglobin desaturations during sleep. Epidemiological studies have identified impaired sleep as an independent risk factor for all cause of-, as well as for cardiovascular, mortality/morbidity. More recently, sleep abnormalities were causally linked to impairments in glucose homeostasis, metabolic syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This review summarized current knowledge on the metabolic alterations associated with the most prevalent sleep disturbances, i.e. short sleep duration, shift work and OSA. We have focused on various endocrine and molecular mechanisms underlying the associations between inadequate sleep quality, quantity and timing with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Of these mechanisms, the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, circadian pacemakers in peripheral tissues, adipose tissue metabolism, sympathetic nervous system activation, oxidative stress and whole-body inflammation are discussed. Additionally, the impact of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation (key components of OSA) on intracellular signaling and metabolism in muscle, liver, fat and pancreas are also examined. In summary, this review provides endocrine and molecular explanations for the associations between common sleep disturbances and the pathogenesis of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Briançon-Marjollet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Martin Weiszenstein
- Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marion Henri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Amandine Thomas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Diane Godin-Ribuot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France.,INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Jan Polak
- Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,2nd Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.,Sports Medicine Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruska 87, Praha 10, 100 00 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Park MY, Sung MK. Carnosic acid attenuates obesity-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic fat accumulation by modulating genes of lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:828-835. [PMID: 25348739 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnosic acid (CA), a major bioactive component of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, is known to possess antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities. In this study it was hypothesized that CA would ameliorate obesity-induced glucose intolerence and hepatic fat accumulation, and possible mechanisms are suggested. RESULTS It was observed that a 0.02% (w/w) CA diet effectively decreased body weight, liver weight and blood triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) compared with the control diet. CA at 0.02% significantly improved glucose tolerance, and hepatic TG accumulation was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic lipogenic-related gene (L-FABP, SCD1 and FAS) expression decreased whereas lipolysis-related gene (CPT1) expression increased in animals fed the 0.02% CA diet (P < 0.05). Long-chain fatty acid content and the ratio of C18:1/C18:0 fatty acids were decreased in adipose tissue of animals fed the 0.02% CA diet (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory mediators were also decreased significantly in animals fed the 0.02% CA diet compared with those of the obese control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that CA is an effective anti-obesity agent that regulates fatty acid metabolism in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Education, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 336-745, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
185
|
Zhang W, Zhong W, Sun X, Sun Q, Tan X, Li Q, Sun X, Zhou Z. Visceral white adipose tissue is susceptible to alcohol-induced lipodystrophy in rats: role of acetaldehyde. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:416-23. [PMID: 25703837 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol exposure causes lipid dyshomeostasis at the adipose-liver axis, reducing lipid storage in white fat and increasing lipid deposit in the liver. Previous studies have shown that visceral fat, rather than subcutaneous fat, is a risk factor for metabolic diseases. This study was conducted to determine whether chronic alcohol exposure differentially affects lipid metabolism in visceral (epididymal) and subcutaneous fat, and the mechanisms underlying the alcohol effects. METHODS Male Wistar rats were pair-fed the Lieber-DeCarli control or alcohol liquid diet for 12 weeks to determine the effects of alcohol on the white fat. Tissue explants culture and 3T3-L1 culture were conducted to define the role of acetaldehyde in alcohol-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. RESULTS Chronic alcohol feeding significantly reduced visceral fat mass and down-regulated peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α, 2 important transcription factors in regulation of lipogenesis. The protein levels of lipogenic enzymes including phospho-ATP-citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, lipin1, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 in the visceral fat were reduced. In contrast, chronic alcohol exposure did not affect subcutaneous fat mass and had less effect on the protein levels of lipogenic enzymes and regulators. Accordingly, the visceral fat showed a lower protein level of aldehyde detoxification enzymes compared to the subcutaneous fat. Acetaldehyde treatment to either visceral fat explants or 3T3-L1 adipocytes produced similar effects on lipogenic enzymes and regulators as observed in animal model. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that visceral fat is more susceptible to alcohol toxicity compared to subcutaneous fat, and disruption of adipose lipogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of alcoholic lipodystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
186
|
Bondia-Pons I, Martinez JA, de la Iglesia R, Lopez-Legarrea P, Poutanen K, Hanhineva K, Zulet MDLÁ. Effects of short- and long-term Mediterranean-based dietary treatment on plasma LC-QTOF/MS metabolic profiling of subjects with metabolic syndrome features: The Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra (RESMENA) randomized controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:711-28. [PMID: 25641909 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Metabolomics approach may contribute to identify beneficial associations of metabolic changes affected by Mediterranean diet-based interventions with inflammatory and oxidative-stress markers related to the etiology and development of the MetS. METHODS AND RESULTS Liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time of flight-MS metabolic profiling was applied to plasma from a 6-month randomized intervention with two sequential periods, a 2-month nutritional-learning intervention period, and a 4-month self-control period, with two energy-restricted diets; the RESMENA diet (based on the Mediterranean dietary pattern) and the Control diet (based on the American Heart Association guidelines), in 72 subjects with a high BMI and at least two features of MetS. The major contributing biomarkers of each sequential period were lipids, mainly phospholipids and lysophospholipids. Dependency network analysis showed a different pattern of associations between metabolic changes and clinical variables after 2 and 6 month of intervention, with a highly interconnected network during the nutritional-learning intervention period of the study. CONCLUSION The 2-month RESMENA diet produced significant changes in the plasma metabolic profile of subjects with MetS features. However, at the end of the 6-month study, most of the associations between metabolic and clinical variables disappeared; suggesting that adherence to healthy dietary habits had declined during the self-control period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bondia-Pons
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
187
|
Briançon-Marjollet A, Weiszenstein M, Henri M, Thomas A, Godin-Ribuot D, Polak J. The impact of sleep disorders on glucose metabolism: endocrine and molecular mechanisms. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:25. [PMID: 25834642 PMCID: PMC4381534 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle has profoundly modified human sleep habits. Sleep duration has shortened over recent decades from 8 to 6.5 hours resulting in chronic sleep deprivation. Additionally, irregular sleep, shift work and travelling across time zones lead to disruption of circadian rhythms and asynchrony between the master hypothalamic clock and pacemakers in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), which affects 4 - 15% of the population, is not only characterized by impaired sleep architecture but also by repetitive hemoglobin desaturations during sleep. Epidemiological studies have identified impaired sleep as an independent risk factor for all cause of-, as well as for cardiovascular, mortality/morbidity. More recently, sleep abnormalities were causally linked to impairments in glucose homeostasis, metabolic syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This review summarized current knowledge on the metabolic alterations associated with the most prevalent sleep disturbances, i.e. short sleep duration, shift work and OSA. We have focused on various endocrine and molecular mechanisms underlying the associations between inadequate sleep quality, quantity and timing with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Of these mechanisms, the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, circadian pacemakers in peripheral tissues, adipose tissue metabolism, sympathetic nervous system activation, oxidative stress and whole-body inflammation are discussed. Additionally, the impact of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation (key components of OSA) on intracellular signaling and metabolism in muscle, liver, fat and pancreas are also examined. In summary, this review provides endocrine and molecular explanations for the associations between common sleep disturbances and the pathogenesis of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Briançon-Marjollet
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Martin Weiszenstein
- />Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marion Henri
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Amandine Thomas
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Diane Godin-Ribuot
- />Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
- />INSERM U1042, F-38041 Grenoble, Cedex France
| | - Jan Polak
- />Centre for Research on Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- />2nd Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
- />Sports Medicine Department, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruska 87, Praha 10, 100 00 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Nelson VLB, Ballou LM, Lin RZ. Energy balancing by fat Pik3ca. Adipocyte 2015; 4:70-4. [PMID: 26167406 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.955397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with systemic insulin resistance, and the decline of insulin sensitivity marks the progression of obesity into a disease state. We recently generated a mouse with adipose-specific ablation of the p110α phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit to model insulin resistance in this organ. The phenotypes of this animal revealed novel roles of adipose PI3K signaling in regulating body weight and systemic glucose and lipid homeostasis. Loss of p110α in the brown adipose tissue resulted in reduced expression of mitochondrial-associated genes and decreased respiration in brown adipocytes. Reduced activity of the brown adipose tissue in p110α-null mice lowered their energy expenditure, which promoted obesity and systemic metabolic dysfunction with increased lipid deposition in the liver. Loss of PI3K activity did not affect adiposity until sexual maturation, suggesting that the effect of adipose PI3K on obesity might be linked to the development of puberty. Elevated leptin in the p110α knockout mice might interfere with the reproductive axis to delay pubertal development. The increase in adiposity induced by adipose-specific loss of p110α provides a link between insulin resistance and obesity onset and may also provide deeper insight into changes in prepubescent insulin sensitivity that can affect metabolism later in life.
Collapse
|
189
|
Gunes O, Tascilar E, Sertoglu E, Tas A, Serdar MA, Kaya G, Kayadibi H, Ozcan O. Associations between erythrocyte membrane fatty acid compositions and insulin resistance in obese adolescents. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 184:69-75. [PMID: 25262585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Cytokines released from the adipose tissue and fatty acids (FAs) derived from lipolysis or uptake of fats go in to competition with glucose to be uptaken from the liver leads to insulin resistance (IR). We aimed to show the associations among serum lipid profile, FA compositions and IR. METHODS Anthropometrical measurements, biochemical parameters and erythrocyte membrane (EM) FA levels of 95 obese adolescents (41 with IR) and 40 healthy controls were compared. RESULTS LDL-C, fasting insulin levels, HOMA-IR were significantly higher and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in obese patients than in controls (p=0.013, p<0.001, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). EM C 24:0, C 16:1 ω7 and C 22:1 ω9 FA levels were significantly higher, while C 20:5 ω3 (EPA) levels were significantly lower in obese subjects than in controls (p<0.001, p=0.018, p<0.001, p=0.043 and p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, when obese subjects divided into two groups according to the presence of IR; EM C 16:1 ω7 levels were still significantly higher and EPA levels were still significantly lower in both obese subjects with and without IR compared to controls (p<0.001 for both). CONCLUSION Saturated FA intake should be decreased because of its role in the development of obesity and IR, and ω-3 group FA intake should be increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Gunes
- Agri Military Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Agri, Turkey.
| | - Emre Tascilar
- Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdim Sertoglu
- Ankara Mevki Military Hospital, Anittepe Dispensary, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tas
- Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhittin A Serdar
- Acıbadem University School Of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Güven Kaya
- Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Kayadibi
- Adana Military Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Adana, Turkey
| | - Okan Ozcan
- Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Geloneze B, Lima MMDO, Pareja JC, Barreto MRL, Magro DO. Association of insulin resistance and GLP-2 secretion in obesity: a pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 57:632-5. [PMID: 24343632 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302013000800008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this pilot study was to determine whether glugagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) secretion relates to insulin sensitivity (IS) in obese subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty four obese subjects [body mass index (BMI) 40.0 ± 3.0 kg/m² (mean ± standard deviation)] were included, nine of which were male, age 43 ± 8 years. Twelve subjects had type 2 diabetes, all treated with oral anti-diabetic agents only. The subjects were submitted to standard meal tolerance test (MTT) for dosage of the curves: glucose, insulin, and GLP-2. Insulin sensitivity was measured by HOMA-IR, and OGIS was derived from the MTT. Spearman linear correlations and partial correlations were obtained. RESULTS There was an inverse relationship between the GLP-2 secretion and IS: HOMA-IR correlated with GLP-2 AUC (R = 0.504; p = 0.012), and OGIS correlated with GLP-2 incremental AUC (R = -0.54; p = 0.054). The correlation persisted after controlling for BMI. CONCLUSION We found an association of GLP-2 secretion and insulin resistance (IR). The understanding of the underlying mechanisms may provide future directions in the pharmacological manipulation of incretins, and in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
191
|
de Souza CO, Kurauti MA, de Fatima Silva F, de Morais H, Borba-Murad GR, de Andrade FG, de Souza HM. Effects of celecoxib and ibuprofen on metabolic disorders induced by Walker-256 tumor in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 399:237-46. [PMID: 25359170 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of anti-inflammatory property of celecoxib in the improvement of metabolic disorders in cancer is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of celecoxib and ibuprofen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), on several metabolic changes observed in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. The effects of these NSAIDs on the tumor growth were also assessed. Celecoxib or ibuprofen (both at 25 mg/Kg) was administered orally for 12 days, beginning on the day the rats were inoculated with Walker-256 tumor cells. Celecoxib treatment prevented the losses in body mass and mass of retroperitoneal adipose tissue, gastrocnemius, and extensor digitorum longus muscles in tumor-bearing rats. Celecoxib also prevented the rise in blood levels of triacylglycerol, urea, and lactate, the inhibition of peripheral response to insulin and hepatic glycolysis, and tended to attenuate the decrease in the food intake, but had no effect on the reduction of glycemia induced by the tumor. In addition, celecoxib treatment increased the number of Walker-256 cells with signs of apoptosis and the tumor necrosis area and prevented the tumor growth. In contrast, ibuprofen treatment had no effect on metabolic parameters affected by the Walker-256 tumor or tumor growth. It can be concluded that celecoxib, unlike ibuprofen, ameliorated several metabolic changes in rats with Walker-256 tumor due to its anti-tumor effect and not its anti-inflammatory property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86051-990, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
192
|
Sex-related differences in the effects of the mediterranean diet on glucose and insulin homeostasis. J Nutr Metab 2014; 2014:424130. [PMID: 25371817 PMCID: PMC4209833 DOI: 10.1155/2014/424130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To document sex differences in the impact of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on glucose/insulin homeostasis and to verify whether these sex-related effects were associated with changes in nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Methods. All foods were provided to 38 men and 32 premenopausal women (24–53 y) during 4 weeks. Variables were measured during a 180 min OGTT before and after the MedDiet. Results. A sex-by-time interaction for plasma insulin iAUC was found (men: −17.8%, P = 0.02; women: +9.4%, P = 0.63; P for sex-by-time interaction = 0.005). A sex-by-time interaction was also observed for insulin sensitivity (Cederholm index, P = 0.03), for which only men experienced improvements (men: +8.1%, P = 0.047; women: −5.9%, P = 0.94). No sex difference was observed for glucose and C-peptide responses. Trends toward a decrease in NEFA AUC (P = 0.06) and an increase in NEFA suppression rate (P = 0.06) were noted, with no sex difference. Changes in NEFA were not associated with change in insulin sensitivity. Conclusions. Results suggest that the more favorable changes in glucose/insulin homeostasis observed in men compared to women in response to the MedDiet are not explained by sex differences in NEFA response. This clinical trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov NCT01293344.
Collapse
|
193
|
Seetho IW, Wilding JPH. Sleep-disordered breathing, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Chron Respir Dis 2014; 11:257-75. [PMID: 25281562 DOI: 10.1177/1479972314552806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses a spectrum of conditions that can lead to altered sleep homeostasis. In particular, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most common form of SDB and is associated with adverse cardiometabolic manifestations including hypertension, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, ultimately increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The pathophysiological basis of these associations may relate to repeated intermittent hypoxia and fragmented sleep episodes that characterize OSA which drive further mechanisms with adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. The associations of OSA with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome have been described in studies ranging from epidemiological and observational studies to controlled trials investigating the effects of OSA therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). In recent years, there have been rising prevalence rates of diabetes and obesity worldwide. Given the established links between SDB (in particular OSA) with both conditions, understanding the potential influence of OSA on the components of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes and the underlying mechanisms by which such interactions may contribute to metabolic dysregulation are important in order to effectively and holistically manage patients with SDB, type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome. In this article, we review the literature describing the associations, the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms linking these conditions and the effects of interventions including CPAP treatment and weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Seetho
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John P H Wilding
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Mesarwi OA, Sharma EV, Jun JC, Polotsky VY. Metabolic dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea: A critical examination of underlying mechanisms. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2014; 13:2-17. [PMID: 26412981 DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has recently become clear that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome, a disorder of defective energy storage and use. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this finding, drawing upon the characteristics that define OSA. In particular, intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, elevated sympathetic tone, and oxidative stress - all consequences of OSA - have been implicated in the progression of poor metabolic outcomes in OSA. In this review we examine the evidence to support each of these disease manifestations of OSA as a unique risk for metabolic dysfunction. Tissue hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are each directly connected to insulin resistance and hypertension, and each of these also may increase sympathetic tone, resulting in defective glucose homeostasis, excessive lipolysis, and elevated blood pressure. Oxidative stress further worsens insulin resistance and in turn, metabolic dysfunction also increases oxidative stress. However, despite many studies linking each of these individual components of OSA to the development of metabolic syndrome, there are very few reports that actually provide a coherent narrative about the mechanism underlying metabolic dysfunction in OSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Mesarwi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Jonathan C Jun
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|
195
|
Miedema MD, Maziarz M, Biggs ML, Zieman SJ, Kizer JR, Ix JH, Mozaffarian D, Tracy RP, Psaty BM, Siscovick DS, Mukamal KJ, Djousse L. Plasma-free fatty acids, fatty acid-binding protein 4, and mortality in older adults (from the Cardiovascular Health Study). Am J Cardiol 2014; 114:843-8. [PMID: 25073566 PMCID: PMC4162821 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-free fatty acids (FFAs) are largely derived from adipose tissue. Elevated levels of FFA and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), a key cytoplasmic chaperone of fatty acids, have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but limited data are available on the relation of these biomarkers with cardiovascular and total mortality. We studied 4,707 participants with a mean age of 75 years who had plasma FFA and FABP4 measured in 1992 to 1993 as part of the Cardiovascular Health Study, an observational cohort of community-dwelling older adults. Over a median follow-up of 11.8 years, 3,555 participants died. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine the association between FFA, FABP4, and mortality. In fully adjusted models, FFA were associated with dose-dependent significantly higher total mortality (hazard ratio [HR] per SD: 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09 to 1.18), but FABP4 levels were not (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.09). In a cause-specific mortality analysis, higher concentrations of FFA were associated with significantly higher risk of death because of cardiovascular disease, dementia, infection, and respiratory causes but not cancer or trauma. We did not find evidence of an interaction between FFA and FABP4 (p = 0.45), but FABP4 appeared to be associated with total mortality differentially in men and women (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.26 for men; HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.07 for women, interaction p value <0.001). In conclusion, in a cohort of community-dwelling older subjects, elevated plasma concentrations of FFA, but not FABP4, were associated with cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Miedema
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Minneapolis Heart Institute and Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Marlena Maziarz
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Susan J Zieman
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Divisions of Nephrology and Preventive Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology, Colchester Research Facility, University of Vermont, Colchester, Virginia
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Luc Djousse
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Effects of Korean red ginseng supplementation on muscle glucose uptake in high-fat fed rats. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 11:494-9. [PMID: 24359773 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been recognized that ginseng has anti-diabetic effects in skeletal muscle, but the mechanism has not been intensively investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) supplementation on muscle glucose uptake in high-fat fed rats. Sixteen rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CON, n = 8) and a Korean red ginseng group (KRG, n = 8). The KRG group ingested RG extract (1 g·kg(-1), 6 days/week) mixed in water for two weeks. After the two-week treatment, plasma lipid profiles, and glucose and insulin concentrations were measured. The triglyceride (TG) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) contents were measured in the skeletal muscle and liver. The rate of glucose transport was determined under a submaximal insulin concentration during muscle incubation. Plasma FFA concentrations were significantly decreased in KRG (P < 0.05). Liver and muscle triglyceride concentrations were also decreased in the KRG treatment group (P < 0.05) compared to the CON group. In addition, resting plasma insulin and glucose levels were significantly lower after Korean red ginseng treatment (P < 0.05). However, muscle glucose uptake was not affected by Korean red ginseng treatment, as evidenced by the rate of glucose transport in the epitorchealis muscle under submaximal insulin concentrations. These results suggest that while KRG supplementation could improve whole body insulin resistance and plasma lipid profiles, it is unlikely to have an effect on the insulin resistance of skeletal muscle, which is the major tissue responsible for plasma glucose handling.
Collapse
|
197
|
Shin MK, Yao Q, Jun JC, Bevans-Fonti S, Yoo DY, Han W, Mesarwi O, Richardson R, Fu YY, Pasricha PJ, Schwartz AR, Shirahata M, Polotsky VY. Carotid body denervation prevents fasting hyperglycemia during chronic intermittent hypoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:765-76. [PMID: 25103977 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01133.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea causes chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) and is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, but mechanisms are unknown. Carotid bodies orchestrate physiological responses to hypoxemia by activating the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, we hypothesized that carotid body denervation would abolish glucose intolerance and insulin resistance induced by chronic IH. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent carotid sinus nerve dissection (CSND) or sham surgery and then were exposed to IH or intermittent air (IA) for 4 or 6 wk. Hypoxia was administered by decreasing a fraction of inspired oxygen from 20.9% to 6.5% once per minute, during the 12-h light phase (9 a.m.-9 p.m.). As expected, denervated mice exhibited blunted hypoxic ventilatory responses. In sham-operated mice, IH increased fasting blood glucose, baseline hepatic glucose output (HGO), and expression of a rate-liming hepatic enzyme of gluconeogenesis phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), whereas the whole body glucose flux during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was not changed. IH did not affect glucose tolerance after adjustment for fasting hyperglycemia in the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. CSND prevented IH-induced fasting hyperglycemia and increases in baseline HGO and liver PEPCK expression. CSND trended to augment the insulin-stimulated glucose flux and enhanced liver Akt phosphorylation at both hypoxic and normoxic conditions. IH increased serum epinephrine levels and liver sympathetic innervation, and both increases were abolished by CSND. We conclude that chronic IH induces fasting hyperglycemia increasing baseline HGO via the CSN sympathetic output from carotid body chemoreceptors, but does not significantly impair whole body insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qiaoling Yao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan C Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shannon Bevans-Fonti
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Doo-Young Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Woobum Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Omar Mesarwi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ria Richardson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ya-Yuan Fu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Pankaj J Pasricha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Alan R Schwartz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Machiko Shirahata
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
He B, Piao D, Yu C, Wang Y, Han P. Amelioration in hepatic insulin sensitivity by reduced hepatic lipid accumulation at short-term after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in type 2 diabetic rats. Obes Surg 2014; 23:2033-41. [PMID: 23702909 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-0997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that early after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), there is a remarkable improvement in type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance. This study aims to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of this effect. We determined the acute effects of RYGB on hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. METHODS A rat model of type 2 diabetes was established using high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, ip). Animals were divided into four groups: diabetic, diabetic RYGB, diabetic RYGB sham, and control rats. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with tracer infusion were completed at 2 weeks postoperatively to assess insulin sensitivity. Triglyceride concentration in liver and muscle tissues was determined. Protein kinase C (PKC) membrane translocation, protein expression of phospho-c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and phospho-IκB kinase β (IKKβ) were assessed with western blot. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver were also measured. RESULTS RYGB surgery significantly improved hepatic insulin sensitivity index and decreased hepatic triglyceride concentration (P < 0.05), without an improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity. Membrane translocation of PKC-ε, PKC-δ, and PKC-θ; the ratio of MDA to SOD; and the expression of p-JNK and p-IKKβ in the liver were lower in the diabetic RYGB group than in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes remission was induced at short term after RYGB. The improvement of hepatic tissue lipotoxicity decreased the activation of certain PKC isoforms, the activity of JNK and IKK inflammatory signaling pathways, and the degree of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the hepatic insulin sensitivity was ameliorated, which is possibly a mechanism for early diabetes remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
199
|
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological change characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes and has frequently been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. It is an increasingly recognized condition that has become the most common liver disorder in developed countries, affecting over one-third of the population and is associated with increased cardiovascular- and liver-related mortality. NAFLD is a spectrum of disorders, beginning as simple steatosis. In about 15% of all NAFLD cases, simple steatosis can evolve into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, a medley of inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis, often resulting in cirrhosis and even hepatocellular cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying NAFLD progression is not completely understood. Its pathogenesis has often been interpreted by the “double-hit” hypothesis. The primary insult or the “first hit” includes lipid accumulation in the liver, followed by a “second hit” in which proinflammatory mediators induce inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis. Nowadays, a more complex model suggests that fatty acids (FAs) and their metabolites may be the true lipotoxic agents that contribute to NAFLD progression; a multiple parallel hits hypothesis has also been suggested. In NAFLD patients, insulin resistance leads to hepatic steatosis via multiple mechanisms. Despite the excess hepatic accumulation of FAs in NAFLD, it has been described that not only de novo FA synthesis is increased, but FAs are also taken up from the serum. Furthermore, a decrease in mitochondrial FA oxidation and secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins has been reported. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiological changes of hepatic lipid metabolism that contribute to NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Berlanga
- Group GEMMAIR (AGAUR) and Applied Medicine Research Group, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Guiu-Jurado
- Group GEMMAIR (AGAUR) and Applied Medicine Research Group, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Porras
- Group GEMMAIR (AGAUR) and Applied Medicine Research Group, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain ; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Group GEMMAIR (AGAUR) and Applied Medicine Research Group, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain ; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Testa R, Genovese S, Ceriello A. Nutritional imbalances linking cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17:338-42. [PMID: 24839949 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Quality of nutrition plays a central role in illnesses such as diabetes and its complications. Dietary and lifestyle habits may have a strong impact, either worsening or improving the evolution of diabetes mellitus. Some factors, such as obesity, worsen the illness, causing chronic inflammation, lipid metabolic disorder, accelerated atherosclerosis, increased risk for thrombosis, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and cellular senescence. Some other nutritional components, however, have an opposite effect, probably increasing antioxidant defense. RECENT FINDINGS The effects of nutritional factors on cellular senescence in diabetic patients are described in this review. In particular, we discuss some of the nutritional causes of cellular senescence in diabetes mellitus and focus on different nutraceutical compounds that can affect cellular senescence. Furthermore, relevant mechanisms of action are also described. SUMMARY Diet and nutraceutical factors have important effects on diabetes mellitus. Some molecules, which improve antioxidant defense, may counteract cellular senescence. A good lifestyle with physical activity and good weight control can improve the quality of life in diabetic people; on the contrary, obesity and vitamin deficiencies may worsen the evolution of this illness, even inducing cellular senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Testa
- aExperimental Models in Clinical Pathology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona bDepartment of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Gruppo Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy cInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) dCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|