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Lewgood J, Oliveira B, Korzepa M, Forbes SC, Little JP, Breen L, Bailie R, Candow DG. Efficacy of Dietary and Supplementation Interventions for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:2378. [PMID: 34371888 PMCID: PMC8308746 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing, which creates a large economic burden. Diet is a critical factor in the treatment and management of T2D; however, there are a large number of dietary approaches and a general lack of consensus regarding the efficacy of each. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is twofold: (1) to critically evaluate the effects of various dietary strategies on diabetes management and treatment, such as Mediterranean diet, plant-based diet, low-calorie and very low-calorie diets, intermittent fasting, low-carbohydrate and very low-carbohydrate diets, and low glycemic diets and (2) to examine several purported supplements, such as protein, branched-chain amino acids, creatine, and vitamin D to improve glucose control and body composition. This review can serve as a resource for those wanting to evaluate the evidence supporting the various dietary strategies and supplements that may help manage T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lewgood
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2, Canada; (J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Barbara Oliveira
- Okanagan Campus, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada; (B.O.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Marie Korzepa
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A6A9, Canada;
| | - Jonathan P. Little
- Okanagan Campus, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada; (B.O.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Robert Bailie
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2, Canada; (J.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Darren G. Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2, Canada; (J.L.); (R.B.)
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152
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The Potential of Dietary Antioxidants from a Series of Plant Extracts as Anticancer Agents against Melanoma, Glioblastoma, and Breast Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071115. [PMID: 34356348 PMCID: PMC8301026 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern society, cancer is one of the most relevant medical problems. It is important to search for promising plant raw materials whose extracts have strong antioxidant and anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of phenolic compounds in plant extracts, to evaluate their antioxidant and anticancer activity, and to find the correlations between those activities. Extracts of calendula, sage, bearberry, eucalyptus, yarrow, and apple were selected for the study. The phenolic compounds of these extracts were determined by the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method and the antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro by four different UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods (ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP). The anticancer activity of extracts was tested against melanoma IGR39, glioblastoma U-87, and triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines in vitro by MTT assay. The highest content of identified and quantified phenolic compounds was found in sage leaf extract and the lowest in ethanol eucalyptus leaf extract. The highest antioxidant activity was determined by all applied methods for the acetone eucalyptus leaf extract. The majority of extracts were mostly active against the melanoma IGR39 cell line, and possessed the lowest activity against the glioblastoma U-87 cell line. Acetone extract of eucalyptus leaf samples exhibited the highest anticancer activity against all tested cell lines. Strong and reliable correlation has been found between antioxidant and anticancer activity in breast cancer and glioblastoma cell lines, especially when evaluating antioxidant activity by the FRAP method.
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153
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Riccardi G, Giosuè A, Calabrese I, Vaccaro O. Dietary recommendations for prevention of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1188-1204. [PMID: 34229346 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims at summarizing updated evidence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with consumption of specific food items to substantiate dietary strategies for atherosclerosis prevention. A systematic search on PubMed was performed to identify meta-analyses of cohort studies and RCTs with CVD outcomes. The evidence is highly concordant in showing that, for the healthy adult population, low consumption of salt and foods of animal origin, and increased intake of plant-based foods-whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts-are linked with reduced atherosclerosis risk. The same applies for the replacement of butter and other animal/tropical fats with olive oil and other unsaturated-fat-rich oil. Although the literature reviewed overall endorses scientific society dietary recommendations, some relevant novelties emerge. With regard to meat, new evidence differentiates processed and red meat-both associated with increased CVD risk-from poultry, showing a neutral relationship with CVD for moderate intakes. Moreover, the preferential use of low-fat dairies in the healthy population is not supported by recent data, since both full-fat and low-fat dairies, in moderate amounts and in the context of a balanced diet, are not associated with increased CVD risk; furthermore, small quantities of cheese and regular yogurt consumption are even linked with a protective effect. Among other animal protein sources, moderate fish consumption is also supported by the latest evidence, although there might be sustainability concerns. New data endorse the replacement of most high glycemic index (GI) foods with both whole grain and low GI cereal foods. As for beverages, low consumption not only of alcohol, but also of coffee and tea is associated with a reduced atherosclerosis risk while soft drinks show a direct relationship with CVD risk. This review provides evidence-based support for promoting appropriate food choices for atherosclerosis prevention in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5 - 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Giosuè
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5 - 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5 - 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Vaccaro
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49 - 80131, Naples, Italy
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154
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van Vliet S, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Provenza FD, Kronberg SL, Pieper CF, Huffman KM. A metabolomics comparison of plant-based meat and grass-fed meat indicates large nutritional differences despite comparable Nutrition Facts panels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13828. [PMID: 34226581 PMCID: PMC8257669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new generation of plant-based meat alternatives-formulated to mimic the taste and nutritional composition of red meat-have attracted considerable consumer interest, research attention, and media coverage. This has raised questions of whether plant-based meat alternatives represent proper nutritional replacements to animal meat. The goal of our study was to use untargeted metabolomics to provide an in-depth comparison of the metabolite profiles a popular plant-based meat alternative (n = 18) and grass-fed ground beef (n = 18) matched for serving size (113 g) and fat content (14 g). Despite apparent similarities based on Nutrition Facts panels, our metabolomics analysis found that metabolite abundances between the plant-based meat alternative and grass-fed ground beef differed by 90% (171 out of 190 profiled metabolites; false discovery rate adjusted p < 0.05). Several metabolites were found either exclusively (22 metabolites) or in greater quantities in beef (51 metabolites) (all, p < 0.05). Nutrients such as docosahexaenoic acid (ω-3), niacinamide (vitamin B3), glucosamine, hydroxyproline and the anti-oxidants allantoin, anserine, cysteamine, spermine, and squalene were amongst those only found in beef. Several other metabolites were found exclusively (31 metabolites) or in greater quantities (67 metabolites) in the plant-based meat alternative (all, p < 0.05). Ascorbate (vitamin C), phytosterols, and several phenolic anti-oxidants such as loganin, sulfurol, syringic acid, tyrosol, and vanillic acid were amongst those only found in the plant-based meat alternative. Large differences in metabolites within various nutrient classes (e.g., amino acids, dipeptides, vitamins, phenols, tocopherols, and fatty acids) with physiological, anti-inflammatory, and/or immunomodulatory roles indicate that these products should not be viewed as truly nutritionally interchangeable, but could be viewed as complementary in terms of provided nutrients. The new information we provide is important for making informed decisions by consumers and health professionals. It cannot be determined from our data if either source is healthier to consume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan van Vliet
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - James R Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Scott L Kronberg
- Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Mandan, ND, USA
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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155
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Heianza Y, Zhou T, Sun D, Hu FB, Qi L. Healthful plant-based dietary patterns, genetic risk of obesity, and cardiovascular risk in the UK biobank study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4694-4701. [PMID: 34237696 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS People with a higher genetic risk for obesity are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD), and healthy plant-based dietary patterns may be associated with decreased risks of obesity and cardiovascular events. We investigated whether adherence to healthy plant-foods-rich dietary patterns might attenuate risks of obesity and related cardiovascular abnormalities for people at genetically higher risk of obesity. METHODS This study included 121,799 middle-aged adults in UK Biobank who were initially free of metabolic diseases and cancer. We calculated a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) based on 17 major food groups as well as a genetic risk score (GRS) for obesity consisting of body mass index (BMI)-associated variants. The incidence of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, MI, or stroke) was prospectively followed during a mean (SD) 5.1 (0.9) years. RESULTS We found significant interactions between GRS and hPDI on adiposity (Pinteraction <0.0001); adherence to hPDI was more strongly associated with lower levels of adiposity among participants with higher GRS than those with lower GRS. Further, we found a similar pattern of GRS-hPDI interactions on untreated hypertension (Pinteraction = 0.0036). When we tested GRS-hPDI interactions on cardiovascular events, adherence to hPDI was more strongly associated with a decreased risk of MI among people with high GRS (above median) than those with low GRS (Pinteraction = 0.006). Among participants with high GRS, high adherence to hPDI (the top tertile of hPDI) was associated with an HR 0.54 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.74) for MI, as compared to low adherence. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to healthy plant-based dietary patterns significantly attenuated risks of cardiovascular abnormalities for people at genetically higher risk of obesity. Our results support the precision medicine strategies considering genetics and dietary habits to modify cardiovascular health for people at higher risk of genetically determined obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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156
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Nutrigenomics of Dietary Lipids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10070994. [PMID: 34206632 PMCID: PMC8300813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipids have a major role in nutrition, not only for their fuel value, but also as essential and bioactive nutrients. This narrative review aims to describe the current evidence on nutrigenomic effects of dietary lipids. Firstly, the different chemical and biological properties of fatty acids contained both in plant- and animal-based food are illustrated. A description of lipid bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and lipotoxicity is provided, together with an overview of the modulatory role of lipids as pro- or anti-inflammatory agents. Current findings concerning the metabolic impact of lipids on gene expression, epigenome, and gut microbiome in animal and human studies are summarized. Finally, the effect of the individual’s genetic make-up on lipid metabolism is described. The main goal is to provide an overview about the interaction between dietary lipids and the genome, by identifying and discussing recent scientific evidence, recognizing strengths and weaknesses, to address future investigations and fill the gaps in the current knowledge on metabolic impact of dietary fats on health.
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157
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Tsaban G, Yaskolka Meir A, Rinott E, Zelicha H, Kaplan A, Shalev A, Katz A, Rudich A, Tirosh A, Shelef I, Youngster I, Lebovitz S, Israeli N, Shabat M, Brikner D, Pupkin E, Stumvoll M, Thiery J, Ceglarek U, Heiker JT, Körner A, Landgraf K, von Bergen M, Blüher M, Stampfer MJ, Shai I. The effect of green Mediterranean diet on cardiometabolic risk; a randomised controlled trial. Heart 2021; 107:1054-1061. [PMID: 33234670 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Mediterranean diet is favourable for cardiometabolic risk. OBJECTIVE To examine the residual effect of a green Mediterranean diet, further enriched with green plant-based foods and lower meat intake, on cardiometabolic risk. METHODS For the DIRECT-PLUS parallel, randomised clinical trial we assigned individuals with abdominal obesity/dyslipidaemia 1:1:1 into three diet groups: healthy dietary guidance (HDG), Mediterranean and green Mediterranean diet, all combined with physical activity. The Mediterranean diets were equally energy restricted and included 28 g/day walnuts. The green Mediterranean diet further included green tea (3-4 cups/day) and a Wolffia globosa (Mankai strain; 100 g/day frozen cubes) plant-based protein shake, which partially substituted animal protein. We examined the effect of the 6-month dietary induction weight loss phase on cardiometabolic state. RESULTS Participants (n=294; age 51 years; body mass index 31.3 kg/m2; waist circumference 109.7 cm; 88% men; 10 year Framingham risk score 4.7%) had a 6-month retention rate of 98.3%. Both Mediterranean diets achieved similar weight loss ((green Mediterranean -6.2 kg; Mediterranean -5.4 kg) vs the HDG group -1.5 kg; p<0.001), but the green Mediterranean group had a greater reduction in waist circumference (-8.6 cm) than the Mediterranean (-6.8 cm; p=0.033) and HDG (-4.3 cm; p<0.001) groups. Stratification by gender showed that these differences were significant only among men. Within 6 months the green Mediterranean group achieved greater decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; green Mediterranean -6.1 mg/dL (-3.7%), -2.3 (-0.8%), HDG -0.2 mg/dL (+1.8%); p=0.012 between extreme groups), diastolic blood pressure (green Mediterranean -7.2 mm Hg, Mediterranean -5.2 mm Hg, HDG -3.4 mm Hg; p=0.005 between extreme groups), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (green Mediterranean -0.77, Mediterranean -0.46, HDG -0.27; p=0.020 between extreme groups). The LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio decline was greater in the green Mediterranean group (-0.38) than in the Mediterranean (-0.21; p=0.021) and HDG (-0.14; p<0.001) groups. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein reduction was greater in the green Mediterranean group (-0.52 mg/L) than in the Mediterranean (-0.24 mg/L; p=0.023) and HDG (-0.15 mg/L; p=0.044) groups. The green Mediterranean group achieved a better improvement (-3.7% absolute risk reduction) in the 10-year Framingham Risk Score (Mediterranean-2.3%; p=0.073, HDG-1.4%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The green MED diet, supplemented with walnuts, green tea and Mankai and lower in meat/poultry, may amplify the beneficial cardiometabolic effects of Mediterranean diet. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no NCT03020186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Tsaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Aryeh Shalev
- Department of Cardiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amos Katz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amir Tirosh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilan Youngster
- Center for Microbiome Research, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center Assaf Harofeh, Zerifin, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Lebovitz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Noa Israeli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - May Shabat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dov Brikner
- Department of Medicine, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Efrat Pupkin
- Department of Medicine, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Uta Ceglarek
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Martin von Bergen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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158
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Bansal S, Connolly M, Harder T. Impact of a Whole-Foods, Plant-Based Nutrition Intervention on Patients Living with Chronic Disease in an Underserved Community. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 16:382-389. [DOI: 10.1177/15598276211018159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the impact of a whole-foods, plant-based nutrition intervention on metabolic markers of patients with chronic disease in an underserved community setting. A retrospective analysis of metabolic biomarkers preintervention and postintervention was conducted on 31 patients with metabolic disease who attended an Eating for Life group visit series. Significant decreases were found for body mass index (BMI; −0.66 [−0.91 to −0.40] kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (−12 [−19 to −5] mm Hg), total cholesterol (−20 [−29 to −10] mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL; −11.6 [−17.5 to −5.5] mg/dL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL; −3.2 [−5.7 to −0.7] mg/dL, all Ps < .01). In participants with clinically abnormal preintervention data, the mean (95% CI) change significantly decreased for overweight (−0.45 [−0.85 to −0.05]) and obese (−0.76 [−1.13 to −0.39]) BMI, systolic blood pressure (−12 [−19 to −5] mm Hg), total cholesterol −22 [−40 to −4] mg/dL), and LDL (−15.6 [−23.8 to −7.4] mg/dL, all Ps ≤ .03). In conclusion, the Eating for Life model showed significant improvement in BMI, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL in a federally qualified health center population. Group visits advocating for a whole-foods, plant-based diet may be effective in reducing chronic disease burden in underserved communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Bansal
- A.T. Still University, School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, Mesa, Arizona
- North Country HealthCare, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Meaghan Connolly
- A.T. Still University, School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, Mesa, Arizona
- North Country HealthCare, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Tasha Harder
- A.T. Still University, School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, Mesa, Arizona
- North Country HealthCare, Flagstaff, Arizona
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159
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Jakše B, Jakše B, Godnov U, Pinter S. Nutritional, Cardiovascular Health and Lifestyle Status of 'Health Conscious' Adult Vegans and Non-Vegans from Slovenia: A Cross-Sectional Self-Reported Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115968. [PMID: 34199550 PMCID: PMC8199727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to investigate differences in nutritional, cardiovascular and lifestyle status of ‘health conscious’ subjects. In a partial ‘lock-down’ during the COVID-19 pandemic period, we performed a web-based, cross-sectional study. We compared 80 self-selected subjects (51 vegans, 67% females, and 29 non-vegans, 55% females, p = 0.344). Nutritional status was assessed by bio-electrical impedance and standardized food frequency questionnaires (i.e., contribution of nutrients from foods and supplementation, combined and separate). Serum lipid concentrations and blood pressure (BP) were assessed from annual or initial examination reports, while sociodemographic, economic, and lifestyle statuses were obtained by standardized questionnaires. Finally, a multivariate linear regression model was used to estimate the relationship between total fiber and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) values. The vegans had a significantly lower body mass index (22.8 ± 2.4 vs. 26.6 ± 3.6 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and body fat % (19.3 ± 7.3 vs. 25.8 ± 8.2%, p < 0.001) than the non-vegans. There were significant differences between vegans and non-vegans in energy intake, and most macronutrient (10/12) and micronutrient (15/23) intakes in units/day. Both diets were well designed, with high fiber and low SFA and free sugar intake but remained insufficient in n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (for vegans), vitamin D, calcium, sodium (for vegans) and iodine. Vegans also had a significantly lower lipid profile and BP than non-vegans, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, both groups met targeted recommendations. Furthermore, fiber and SFA intake and age explained 47% of the variance in LDL cholesterol. In conclusion, ‘health conscious’ vegans and non-vegans with comparable lifestyle statuses had significant differences in dietary intake, body composition and cardiovascular health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Jakše
- Department of Food Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-4127-8586
| | - Barbara Jakše
- Barbara Jakše Sole Proprietor, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia;
| | - Uroš Godnov
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia;
| | - Stanislav Pinter
- Basics of Movements in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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160
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Babygirija R, Lamming DW. The regulation of healthspan and lifespan by dietary amino acids. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2021; 5:17-30. [PMID: 34263088 PMCID: PMC8277109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key macronutrient and source of essential macromolecules, dietary protein plays a significant role in health. For many years, protein-rich diets have been recommended as healthy due to the satiety-inducing and muscle-building effects of protein, as well as the ability of protein calories to displace allegedly unhealthy calories from fats and carbohydrates. However, clinical studies find that consumption of dietary protein is associated with an increased risk of multiple diseases, especially diabetes, while studies in rodents have demonstrated that protein restriction can promote metabolic health and even lifespan. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of dietary protein on health and longevity are not mediated simply by protein quantity but are instead mediated by protein quality - the specific amino acid composition of the diet. Here, we discuss how dietary protein and specific amino acids including methionine, the branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), tryptophan and glycine regulate metabolic health, healthspan, and aging, with attention to the specific molecular mechanisms that may participate in these effects. Finally, we discuss the potential applicability of these findings to promoting healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reji Babygirija
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W. Lamming
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Vijakumaran U, Yazid MD, Hj Idrus RB, Abdul Rahman MR, Sulaiman N. Molecular Action of Hydroxytyrosol in Attenuation of Intimal Hyperplasia: A Scoping Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663266. [PMID: 34093194 PMCID: PMC8176091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a polyphenol of olive plant is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this systematic search is to highlight the scientific evidence evaluating molecular efficiency of HT in halting the progression of intimal hyperplasia (IH), which is a clinical condition arises from endothelial inflammation. Methods: A systematic search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, based on pre-set keywords which are Hydroxytyrosol OR 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol, AND Intimal hyperplasia OR Neointimal hyperplasia OR Endothelial OR Smooth muscles. Eighteen in vitro and three in vitro and in vivo studies were selected based on a pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on evidence gathered, HT was found to upregulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways and supresses inflammatory factors and mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, E-selectin, P-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in endothelial vascularization and functioning. Two studies revealed HT disrupted vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) cell cycle by dephosphorylating ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. Therefore, HT was proven to promote endothelization and inhibit vascular SMCs migration thus hampering IH development. However, none of these studies described the effect of HT collectively in both vascular endothelial cells (EC) and SMCs in IH ex vivo model. Conclusions: Evidence from this concise review provides an insight on HT regulation of molecular pathways in reendothelization and inhibition of VSMCs migration. Henceforth, we propose effect of HT on IH prevention could be further elucidated through in vivo and ex vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubashini Vijakumaran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ramzisham Abdul Rahman
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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162
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Page J, Erskine RM, Hopkins ND. Skeletal muscle properties and vascular function do not differ between healthy, young vegan and omnivorous men. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:559-568. [PMID: 33905293 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1923814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A vegan diet is associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but protein deficiencies may be detrimental to skeletal muscle structure and function. The aim of this study was to compare the vascular and skeletal muscle properties between young, healthy, recreationally active habitual vegan (VEG) and omnivorous (OMN) men. Sixteen OMN and nine VEG underwent ultrasound scans to determine brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness and fascicle pennation angle. Knee extension maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force was assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer, and V˙O2max on a cycle ergometer and online gas analysis system. A three-day food diary determined habitual dietary behaviour. Bayesian analyses of independent groups provided "moderate" to "very strong" evidence for lower consumption of absolute (63±21 g/d vs. 98 ± 30 g/d; Bayes Factor (BF01) = 0.140) and relative (0.86 ± 0.29 g/kg/d vs.1.36 ± 0.52 g/kg/d; BF01 = 0.259) protein, absolute saturated fat (15.2 ± 7.9 g vs. 30.3 ± 11.8 g; BF01 = 0.089) and cholesterol (5.0 ± 6.0 mg vs. 337.9 ± 232.6 mg; BF01 = 0.019) in VEG compared to OMN, respectively. Further, there was "anecdotal" evidence to support no differences in FMD (3.37 ± 3.31% vs. 4.58 ± 5.82%; BF01 = 2.591), cIMT (0.51 ± 0.07 mm vs. 0.49 ± 0.04 mm; BF01 = 2.510), VL thickness (26.1 ± 3.7 mm vs. 27.8 ± 6.4 mm; BF01 = 2.726), fascicle pennation angle (16.6 ± 4.7° vs. 17.7 ± 3.7°; BF01 = 2.844), MVIC (627 ± 182 N vs. 551 ± 102 N; BF01 = 1.656) or V˙O2max (40.8 ± 9.8 ml/kg/min vs. 35.8 ± 5.2 ml/kg/min; BF01 = 1.218) between VEG and OMN, respectively. Despite marked differences in habitual nutrient intake, healthy, young vegan and omnivorous men did not differ regarding vascular and skeletal muscle structure and function, or cardiovascular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Page
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola D Hopkins
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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163
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Ratjen I, Enderle J, Burmeister G, Koch M, Nöthlings U, Hampe J, Lieb W. Post-diagnostic reliance on plant-compared with animal-based foods and all-cause mortality in omnivorous long-term colorectal cancer survivors. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:441-449. [PMID: 33964858 PMCID: PMC8326049 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-rich diets are associated with lower cardiometabolic risks and longer survival in the general population, but their association with mortality in cancer survivors is still unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations of 3 postdiagnostic plant-based diet indices with all-cause mortality in omnivorous long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. METHODS Diet was assessed with FFQs at a median of 6 years after diagnosis in 1404 CRC survivors (56% male; median age, 69 years) in a Northern German prospective cohort study. An overall, a healthful plant-based, and an unhealthful plant-based diet index were derived by scoring intakes of animal foods reversely and intakes of healthy (whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, oils, tea/coffee) and less healthy plant foods (refined grains, fruit juices, sugar-sweetened beverages, potatoes, sweets/desserts) positively or reversely, depending on the index. Vital status follow-up was conducted via population registries. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate HRs for all-cause mortality according to plant-based diet adherence. RESULTS Within 7 years (median) after diet assessment, 204 deaths occurred. The overall plant-based diet index displayed a significant, inverse association with all-cause mortality (HR per 10-point increase in diet index, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57-0.91). Although not statistically significant, higher healthful plant-based diet scores showed a strong tendency towards lower mortality (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-1.01). The unhealthful plant-based diet index was associated with higher mortality, but lost statistical significance after multivariable adjustment (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.96-1.48). A subgroup analysis revealed that the tendency towards a positive association of the unhealthful plant-based diet with mortality was restricted to less physically active individuals (<95 metabolic equivalent of task hours/week). CONCLUSIONS An overall plant-based diet was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in long-term CRC survivors. However, more research is needed to further disentangle the impacts of different qualities of plant-based diets on cancer survivors' health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janna Enderle
- Institute of Epidemiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Greta Burmeister
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Manja Koch
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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164
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Contrary to ultra-processed foods, the consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods is associated with favorable patterns of protein intake, diet quality and lower cardiometabolic risk in French adults (INCA3). Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4055-4067. [PMID: 33966096 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While the consumption of ultra-processed foods is steadily increasing, there is a growing interest in more sustainable diets that would include more plant protein. We aimed to study associations between the degree of food processing, patterns of protein intake, diet quality and cardiometabolic risk. METHODS Using the NOVA classification, we assessed the proportion of energy from unprocessed/minimally processed foods (MPFp), processed foods (PFp) and ultra-processed foods (UPFp) in the diets of 1774 adults (18-79 years) from the latest cross-sectional French national survey (INCA3, 2014-2015). We studied the associations between MPFp, PFp and UPFp with protein intakes, diet quality (using the PANDiet scoring system, the global (PDI), healthful (hPDI) and unhealthful (uPDI) plant-based diet indices) and risk of cardiometabolic death (using the EpiDiet model). RESULTS MPFp was positively associated with animal protein intake and plant protein diversity, whereas PFp was positively associated with plant protein intake and negatively with plant protein diversity. The PANDiet was positively associated with MPFp (β = 0.14, P < 0.0001) but negatively with UPFp (β = - 0.05, P < 0.0001). These associations were modified by adjustment for protein intakes and plant protein diversity. As estimated with comparative risk assessment modeling between extreme tertiles of intake, mortality from cardiometabolic diseases would be decreased with higher MPFp (e.g. by 31% for ischemic heart diseases) and increased with higher UPFp (by 42%) and PFp (by 11%). CONCLUSIONS In the French population, in contrast with UPFp, higher MPFp was associated with higher animal protein intake, better plant protein diversity, higher diet quality and markedly lower cardiometabolic risk.
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165
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Jafari S, Hezaveh E, Jalilpiran Y, Jayedi A, Wong A, Safaiyan A, Barzegar A. Plant-based diets and risk of disease mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7760-7772. [PMID: 33951994 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1918628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between adherence to plant-based diets (PBDs) and the risk of mortality among the general population. Relevant investigations were identified through PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ISI Web of Knowledge. Data were pooled using a random-effects or a fixed-effects model. Twelve prospective cohort studies with 42,697 deaths among 508,861 participants were included. The hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest compared to the lowest category of adherence to the PBDs were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82, 0.99; I2 = 91%, n = 12) for all-cause and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.86; I2 = 36%, n = 8) for coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. Among PBDs subtypes, there was an inverse association between healthy plant-based 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.96; I2 = 0%, n = 2), Pesco-vegetarian 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.92; I2 = 0%, n = 2), and Pro-vegetarian 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.88; I2 = 61.2%, n = 2) diets and the risk of all-cause mortality. A vegetarian diet was also associated with lower risk of mortality due to cardiovascular 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.99; I2 = 0%, n = 5) and CHD 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.85; I2 = 35%, n = 7). Our findings show the potential protective role of PBDs against chronic disease mortality. As there were certain limitations in some of the studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, further research is necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Erfan Hezaveh
- Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Abdolrasoul Safaiyan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Barzegar
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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166
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Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Patterns, Plant-Based Dietary Index and the Risk of Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051536. [PMID: 34063221 PMCID: PMC8147427 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the association between various dietary constructs and obesity risk is limited. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity. Non-obese participants (n = 787) in the North West Adelaide Health Study were followed from 2010 to 2015. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®), plant-based dietary index (PDI) and factor-derived dietary pattern scores were computed based on food frequency questionnaire data. We found the incidence of obesity was 7.62% at the 5-year follow up. In the adjusted model, results from multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent dietary pattern (RRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15–0.96), healthy PDI (RR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77) and overall PDI (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.23–1.33) were inversely associated with obesity risk. Conversely, the DII (RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.72–3.50), a Western dietary pattern (RR = 2.16; 95% CI: 0.76–6.08) and unhealthy PDI (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 0.81–4.66) were associated with increased risk of obesity. Based on the cubic spline analysis, the association between an unhealthy PDI or diet quality with the risk of obesity was non-linear. In conclusion, an anti-inflammatory diet, healthy diet or consumption of healthy plant-based foods were all associated with a lower risk of developing obesity.
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167
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Franceković P, García-Torralba L, Sakoulogeorga E, Vučković T, Perez-Cueto FJA. How Do Consumers Perceive Cultured Meat in Croatia, Greece, and Spain? Nutrients 2021; 13:1284. [PMID: 33919705 PMCID: PMC8070539 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The meat production industry is one of the leading contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. Cultured meat presents itself as a potential eco- and animal-friendly meat substitute which has the potential to eradicate animal cruelty and reduce both the environmental footprint and the risk of zoonotic illnesses, while delivering a nutrient-dense product. The purpose of this study was to investigate how consumers perceive cultured meat and if the frequency of meat consumption is related to their intention of trying or purchasing cultured meat. Data were collected online in 2020 from Croatia, Greece, and Spain. Among the 2007 respondents, three segments were identified according to meat consumption and variety, plus an a priori identified group of "non-meat eaters". Sixty percent perceived cultured meat as kind to animals, 57% as unnatural, 45% as healthy and environmentally-friendly, 21% as disgusting, and only 16% as tasty. Although 47% of the respondents had not heard of cultured meat before, 47% would taste it and 41% would purchase it for the same price as conventional meat. This indicates that consumers from Croatia, Greece and Spain might be likely to purchase cultured meat if sold at an affordable price.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Federico J. A. Perez-Cueto
- Future Consumer Lab, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.F.); (L.G.-T.); (E.S.); (T.V.)
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168
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Rubin LH, Gustafson DR, Warrior L, Sheira L, Fitzgerald KC, Dastgheyb R, Weber KM, Tien PC, French A, Spence AB, Sharma A, Williams DW, White CJ, Seaberg EC, Frongillo EA, Weiser SD. Dietary intake is associated with neuropsychological impairment in women with HIV. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:378-389. [PMID: 33829235 PMCID: PMC8246600 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is a modifiable risk factor that may influence cognition in people with HIV. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between dietary intake and cognition in women with HIV (WWH) and HIV-seronegative women. METHODS An 18-item dietary National Cancer Institute screener was completed by 729 WWH and 346 HIV-seronegative Women's Interagency HIV Study participants. Daily intake frequencies of processed meats, sweet beverages, fish, whole milk, and vegetables were calculated. Participants completed biennial neuropsychological (NP) testing. NP domains included attention/working memory, executive function, processing speed, memory, learning, fluency, and motor function. NP impairment was defined as demographically adjusted T-scores (mean = 50; SD = 10) ≤40 at ≥1 visit after completing the dietary screener. Multivariable logistic regression, stratified by HIV serostatus, examined associations between intake frequency tertile (referent = lowest intake) and NP performance. RESULTS Dietary intake frequencies of individual food line items were similar between WWH and HIV-seronegative women, except for sweet beverages, for which HIV-seronegative women reported higher intake frequencies than WWH (P values < 0.05). In WWH, multivariable-adjusted models indicated higher odds of NP impairment with higher intake frequencies of processed meat [P = 0.006; ORupper tertile = 1.91 (95% CI: 1.23-2.95; P = 0.003); ORmiddle tertile = 1.66 (95% CI: 1.14-2.42; P = 0.01)], sweet beverages [P = 0.02; ORupper tertile = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.17-2.64; P = 0.007)], fish [P = 0.01; ORupper tertile = 1.70 (95% CI: 1.10-2.64; P = 0.02)], and whole milk [P = 0.029; ORupper tertile = 1.66 (95% CI: 1.14-2.42; P = 0.008)]. Lower odds of NP impairment [P = 0.005; ORupper tertile = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.45-0.95; P = 0.02); ORmiddle tertile = 0.42 (95% CI: 0.24-0.73; P = 0.002)] were associated with higher vegetable intakes. In HIV-seronegative women, multivariable-adjusted models did not show associations between food line items/diet quality score and NP outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Intakes of processed meat, sweet beverages, whole milk, fish, and vegetables may be associated with NP functions among WWH. Associations among WWH are not directly comparable to those among HIV-seronegative women, because models were conducted on each group separately given controls for HIV-specific covariates in WWH. Further studies are needed using more rigorous dietary assessment methods and lengthier longitudinal follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lila Sheira
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raha Dastgheyb
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen M Weber
- Division of Neurology, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA,Cook County Health, Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Phyllis C Tien
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Audrey French
- Division of Neurology, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, USA,Cook County Health, Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amanda B Spence
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Travel Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dionna W Williams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cory J White
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric C Seaberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sheri D Weiser
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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169
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Nestel PJ, Sullivan DR, Mori TA. Dietary management of cardiovascular risk including type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2021; 28:134-141. [PMID: 33186195 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent changes or confirmations linking patterns of eating and specific dietary interventions in the management of cardiovascular risk factors including associations with prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Recently published guidance for dietary management of cardiovascular risk and type 2 diabetes have mostly common features. Major findings include a trend to replace strict quantitative advice on nutrients with qualitative advice on food consumption with exceptions for diabetes, global advice to increase intake of plant foods, confirmation to substitute mono and polyunsaturated oils for saturated and trans fats, new advisory on supplemental omega-3 intake, less limitation on dairy foods and fermented dairy foods encouraged, reduced emphasis on specific cholesterol-rich foods allowing greater consumption of eggs except for people with diabetes, processed meat consumption limited allowing modest intake of lean red meat, distinguishing between 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' carbohydrates including sugars, and maintaining advice on healthy bodyweight, reducing salt intake and encouraging water as preferred beverage. SUMMARY The new guidance for healthier patterns of food consumption supported by evidence is more readily understood by health practitioners and translatable to consumers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R Sullivan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Camperdown
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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170
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Śliż D, Parol D, Wełnicki M, Chomiuk T, Grabowska I, Dąbrowska D, Król W, Price S, Braksator W, Mamcarz A. Macronutrient intake, carbohydrate metabolism and cholesterol in Polish male amateur athletes on a vegan diet. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Śliż
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
- Public Health School Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Warsaw Poland
| | - D. Parol
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - M. Wełnicki
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - T. Chomiuk
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - I. Grabowska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - D. Dąbrowska
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - W. Król
- Department of Sports Cardiology and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - S. Price
- Department of Sports Cardiology and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - W. Braksator
- Department of Sports Cardiology and Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - A. Mamcarz
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
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171
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Narasaki Y, Okuda Y, Moore LW, You AS, Tantisattamo E, Inrig JK, Miyagi T, Nakata T, Kovesdy CP, Nguyen DV, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Rhee CM. Dietary protein intake, kidney function, and survival in a nationally representative cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:303-313. [PMID: 33742197 PMCID: PMC8246621 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-protein diets (e.g., Paleo, Atkins, South Beach, ketogenic) have gained popularity as a means to promote weight loss and avoid excess carbohydrate consumption. Yet in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, evidence suggests low dietary protein intake (DPI) leads to attenuation of kidney function decline, although concerns remain for risk of protein-energy wasting. OBJECTIVES To examine associations of DPI with mortality in a nationally representative cohort of US adults, stratified by kidney function. METHODS We examined the association between daily DPI scaled to actual body weight (ABW), ascertained by 24-h dietary recall, with all-cause mortality among 27,604 continuous NHANES adult participants (1999-2010), stratified according to impaired versus normal kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rates <60 compared with ≥60 ml/min/1.72 m2, respectively), using multivariable Cox models. We also examined the relation between high biological value (HBV) protein consumption with mortality. RESULTS In participants with impaired kidney function, a high DPI of ≥1.4 g/kg ABW/day was associated with higher mortality, while lower DPI levels were not associated with mortality (reference, 0.6 to <1.0 g/kg ABW/day): the adjusted HRs (aHRs) were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.32), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.29), and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.85) for DPI <0.6, 1.0 to <1.4, and ≥1.4 g/kg ABW/day, respectively. Yet in participants with normal kidney function, a low DPI of <0.6 g/kg ABW/day was associated with higher mortality, whereas higher DPI levels were not associated with death: the aHRs were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.34), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.04), and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.16) for DPI <0.6, 1.0 to <1.4, and ≥1.4 g/kg ABW/day, respectively. The highest 2 tertiles of HBV consumption were associated with higher mortality in participants with impaired kidney function. CONCLUSIONS Among participants with impaired kidney function, a higher DPI and greater HBV consumption were associated with higher mortality, whereas a lower DPI was associated with higher mortality in those with normal kidney function. Further studies are needed to elucidate the specific pathways between higher DPI and mortality in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Narasaki
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Tokushima University Graduate School of Nutrition and Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuda
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Linda W Moore
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy S You
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Ekamol Tantisattamo
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jula K Inrig
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA,IQVIA, Therapeutic Science and Strategy Unit, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology, University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tracy Nakata
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA,Nephrology Section, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, VA, USA
| | - Danh V Nguyen
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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Abstract
There is a growing global need to shift from animal- towards plant-based diets. The main motivations are environmental/sustainability-, human health- and animal welfare concerns. The aim is to replace traditional animal-based food with various alternatives, predominantly plant-based analogs. The elevated consumption of fish and seafood, leads to negative impacts on the ecosystem, due to dwindling biodiversity, environmental damage and fish diseases related to large-scale marine farming, and increased intake of toxic substances, particularly heavy metals, which accumulate in fish due to water pollution. While these facts lead to increased awareness and rising dietary shifts towards vegetarian and vegan lifestyles, still the majority of seafood consumers seek traditional products. This encourages the development of plant-based analogs for fish and seafood, mimicking the texture and sensorial properties of fish-meat, seafood, or processed fish products. Mimicking the internal structure and texture of fish or seafood requires simulating their nanometric fibrous-gel structure. Common techniques of structuring plant-based proteins into such textures include hydrospinning, electrospinning, extrusion, and 3D printing. The conditions required in each technique, the physicochemical and functional properties of the proteins, along with the use of other non-protein functional ingredients are reviewed. Trends and possible future developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoav D. Livney
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
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173
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Vegan Diet Health Benefits in Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030817. [PMID: 33801269 PMCID: PMC7999488 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets (PBDs) are increasingly consumed by the Italian population and around the world. In particular, among PBDs, the vegan diet is a food pattern characterized by the exclusion of all animal-origin foods. What drives people to adopt this model are mainly ethical, health and environmental reasons. A vegan diet, if well-balanced and varied, can help in achieving and maintaining an optimal state of health. However, this nutritional approach, if not well-balanced, can cause deficiencies in proteins, ω-3 fatty acids, iron, vitamin D and calcium, zinc, iodine and, above all, vitamin B12. Oral food supplements especially fortified foods are recommended in these cases to restore the nutritional deficiencies. A vegan diet generally reduces the risk of developing chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and, in addition, requires fewer natural resources for food production than an omnivorous diet. The aim of this review is to analyze the possible impact of the vegan diet on MetS onset and its treatment.
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174
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Kistler BM, Moore LW, Benner D, Biruete A, Boaz M, Brunori G, Chen J, Drechsler C, Guebre-Egziabher F, Hensley MK, Iseki K, Kovesdy CP, Kuhlmann MK, Saxena A, Wee PT, Brown-Tortorici A, Garibotto G, Price SR, Yee-Moon Wang A, Kalantar-Zadeh K. The International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism Commentary on the National Kidney Foundation and Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2021; 31:116-120.e1. [PMID: 32737016 PMCID: PMC8045140 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the National Kidney Foundation collaborated to provide an update to the Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for nutrition in chronic kidney disease (CKD). These guidelines provide a valuable update to many aspects of the nutrition care process. They include changes in the recommendations for nutrition screening and assessment, macronutrients, and targets for electrolytes and minerals. The International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism assembled a special review panel of experts and evaluated these recommendations prior to public review. As one of the highlights of the CPG, the recommended dietary protein intake range for patients with diabetic kidney disease is 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day, whereas for CKD patients without diabetes it is 0.55-0.6 g/kg/day. The International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism endorses the CPG with the suggestion that clinicians may consider a more streamlined target of 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day, regardless of CKD etiology, while striving to achieve intakes closer to 0.6 g/kg/day. For implementation of these guidelines, it will be important that all stakeholders work to detect kidney disease early to ensure effective primary and secondary prevention. Once identified, patients should be referred to registered dietitians or the region-specific equivalent, for individualized medical nutrition therapy to slow the progression of CKD. As we turn our attention to the new CPG, we as the renal nutrition community should come together to strengthen the evidence base by standardizing outcomes, increasing collaboration, and funding well-designed observational studies and randomized controlled trials with nutritional and dietary interventions in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Kistler
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Linda W Moore
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Annabel Biruete
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mona Boaz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Giuliano Brunori
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unite, Hospital of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Martin K Kuhlmann
- Department of Nephrology, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anita Saxena
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Pieter Ter Wee
- Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Brown-Tortorici
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Giacomo Garibotto
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Marino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Russ Price
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Angela Yee-Moon Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California.
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175
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Amini MR, Shahinfar H, Djafari F, Sheikhhossein F, Naghshi S, Djafarian K, Clark CC, Shab-Bidar S. The association between plant-based diet indices and metabolic syndrome in Iranian older adults. Nutr Health 2021; 27:435-444. [PMID: 33626298 DOI: 10.1177/0260106021992672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between plant-based diets indices - an overall plant-based diet index; a healthful plant-based diet index; and an unhealthful plant-based diet index - and metabolic syndrome among Iranian older adults. AIM We aimed to examine the relationship between plant-based diet indices and metabolic syndrome. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 178 older adults (51 men and 127 women), with a mean age of 67.04 (60-83) who were referred to health centers in Tehran, Iran. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. We created an overall plant-based diet index, healthful plant-based diet index, and unhealthful plant-based diet index from semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire data. Anthropometric measures were done. RESULTS Our crude model results showed that triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and waist circumference did not significantly differ between tertiles of plant-based diet index and healthful plant-based diet index; also triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and waist circumference did not significantly differ between tertiles of unhealthful plant-based diet index, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly differed between tertiles of unhealthful plant-based diet index. After adjusting for confounders the results remained non-significant for plant-based diet index but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significant for healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet indices. There was also no significant association between plant-based diet index (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.53-2.33), healthful plant-based diet index (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.39-1.68), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.38-1.72) with metabolic syndrome, even after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that plant-based diets are not significantly associated with risk of metabolic syndrome in older adults. To confirm the veracity of these findings, more studies should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
| | - Farhang Djafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
| | - Cain Cc Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, 2706Coventry University, UK
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
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176
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Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Melnichenko GA, Mazurina NV, Andreeva EN, Bondarenko IZ, Gusova ZR, Dzgoeva FK, Eliseev MS, Ershova EV, Zhuravleva MV, Zakharchuk TA, Isakov VA, Klepikova MV, Komshilova KA, Krysanova VS, Nedogoda SV, Novikova AM, Ostroumova OD, Pereverzev AP, Rozhivanov RV, Romantsova TI, Ruyatkina LA, Salasyuk AS, Sasunova AN, Smetanina SA, Starodubova AV, Suplotova LA, Tkacheva ON, Troshina EA, Khamoshina MV, Chechelnitskaya SM, Shestakova EA, Sheremet’eva EV. INTERDISCIPLINARY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES "MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY AND ITS COMORBIDITIES". OBESITY AND METABOLISM 2021; 18:5-99. [DOI: 10.14341/omet12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. S. Eliseev
- Research Institute of Rheumatogy named after V.A. Nasonova
| | | | | | | | - V. A. Isakov
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety
| | - M. V. Klepikova
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
| | | | | | | | - A. M. Novikova
- Research Institute of Rheumatogy named after V.A. Nasonova
| | - O. D. Ostroumova
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - A. P. Pereverzev
- Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
| | | | | | | | | | - A. N. Sasunova
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety
| | | | | | | | - O. N. Tkacheva
- Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
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177
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Health Benefits of Plant-Based Nutrition: Focus on Beans in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020519. [PMID: 33562498 PMCID: PMC7915747 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, claiming over 650,000 American lives annually. Typically not a singular disease, CVD often coexists with dyslipidemia, hypertension, type-2 diabetes (T2D), chronic system-wide inflammation, and obesity. Obesity, an independent risk factor for both CVD and T2D, further worsens the problem, with over 42% of adults and 18.5% of youth in the U.S. categorized as such. Dietary behavior is a most important modifiable risk factor for controlling the onset and progression of obesity and related disease conditions. Plant-based eating patterns that include beans and legumes support health and disease mitigation through nutritional profile and bioactive compounds including phytochemical. This review focuses on the characteristics of beans and ability to improve obesity-related diseases and associated factors including excess body weight, gut microbiome environment, and low-grade inflammation. Additionally, there are growing data that link obesity to compromised immune response and elevated risk for complications from immune-related diseases. Body weight management and nutritional status may improve immune function and possibly prevent disease severity. Inclusion of beans as part of a plant-based dietary strategy imparts cardiovascular, metabolic, and colon protective effects; improves obesity, low-grade inflammation, and may play a role in immune-related disease risk management.
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178
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Kaur R, Masisi K, Molaei M, Le K, Fischer G, Kobue-Lekalake R, Moghadasian MH. Anti-atherogenic properties of Kgengwe ( Citrullus lanatus) seed powder in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice are mediated through beneficial alterations in inflammatory pathways. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:169-177. [PMID: 32846097 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kgengwe fruits are commonly consumed in sub-Saharan countries. Recent reports indicated low coronary artery disease rates in those regions. To investigate anti-atherogenic properties and potential mechanisms of action of Kgengwe seed powder (KSP), male low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDL-r-KO) mice were fed with an atherogenic diet supplemented with (treated, n = 10) or without (controls, n = 10) 10% (w/w) KSP for 20 weeks. Proximate analysis revealed that KSP contained 38% fibre and 15% lipids. KSP supplementation was not associated with significant changes in body weight gain rate, food intake, and plasma lipid levels. However, the average atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic roots in the KSP-treated group was 58% smaller than that in the control group (0.26 vs 0.11 mm2, p < 0.05). This strong anti-atherogenic effect was associated with significant increases in the average plasma levels of certain cytokines such as IL-10 (6 vs 13 pg/mL, p < 0.05), GM-CSF (0.1 vs 0.2 pg/mL, p < 0.05), and EPO (7 vs 16 pg/mL, p < 0.05) along with reductions in the average levels of plasma MCP-1 (19 vs 14 pg/mL, p < 0.05) and MIP-2 (28 vs 13 pg/mL, p < 0.05). Except for relatively high levels of saturated fatty acids, KSP possesses balanced nutrient compositions with strong anti-atherogenic properties, which may be mediated through alterations in inflammatory pathways. Additional studies warrant confirmation and mechanism(s) of action of such effects. Novelty: Kgengwe seeds prevent atherogenesis in LDL-r-KO mice. Kgengwe seeds increase circulating levels of IL-10 and EPO. No reduction in plasma total cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaur
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - K Masisi
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - M Molaei
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - K Le
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - G Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - R Kobue-Lekalake
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Botswana
| | - M H Moghadasian
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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179
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Najjar RS, Turner CG, Wong BJ, Feresin RG. Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020387. [PMID: 33513742 PMCID: PMC7911141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, pathogenesis, and manifestation is differentially influenced by biological sex. Berry polyphenols target several signaling pathways pertinent to CVD development, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac and vascular remodeling, and there are innate differences in these pathways that also vary by sex. There is limited research systematically investigating sex differences in berry polyphenol effects on these pathways, but there are fundamental findings at this time that suggest a sex-specific effect. This review will detail mechanisms within these pathological pathways, how they differ by sex, and how they may be individually targeted by berry polyphenols in a sex-specific manner. Because of the substantial polyphenolic profile of berries, berry consumption represents a promising interventional tool in the treatment and prevention of CVD in both sexes, but the mechanisms in which they function within each sex may vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami S. Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
| | - Casey G. Turner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Brett J. Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Rafaela G. Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
- Correspondence:
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180
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Ferrero G, Carpi S, Polini B, Pardini B, Nieri P, Impeduglia A, Grioni S, Tarallo S, Naccarati A. Intake of Natural Compounds and Circulating microRNA Expression Levels: Their Relationship Investigated in Healthy Subjects With Different Dietary Habits. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:619200. [PMID: 33519486 PMCID: PMC7840481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.619200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet has a strong influence on many physiological processes, which in turn have important implications on a variety of pathological conditions. In this respect, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs playing a relevant epigenetic role in controlling gene expression, may represent mediators between the dietary intake and the healthy status. Despite great advances in the field of nutri-epigenomics, it remains unclear how miRNA expression is modulated by the diet and, specifically, the intake of specific nutrients. We investigated the whole circulating miRNome by small RNA-sequencing performed on plasma samples of 120 healthy volunteers with different dietary habits (vegans, vegetarians, and omnivores). Dietary intakes of specific nutrients were estimated for each subject from the information reported in the food-frequency questionnaire previously validated in the EPIC study. We focused hereby on the intake of 23 natural compounds (NCs) of the classes of lipids, micro-elements, and vitamins. We identified 78 significant correlations (rho > 0.300, p-value < 0.05) among the estimated daily intake of 13 NCs and the expression levels of 58 plasma miRNAs. Overall, vitamin D, sodium, and vitamin E correlated with the largest number of miRNAs. All the identified correlations were consistent among the three dietary groups and 22 of them were confirmed as significant (p-value < 0.05) by age-, gender-, and body-mass index-adjusted Generalized Linear regression Model analysis. miR-23a-3p expression levels were related with different NCs including a significant positive correlation with sodium (rho = 0.377) and significant negative correlations with lipid-related NCs and vitamin E. Conversely, the estimated intake of vitamin D was negatively correlated with the expression of the highest number of circulating miRNAs, particularly miR-1277-5p (rho = −0.393) and miR-144-3p (rho = −0.393). Functional analysis of the targets of sodium intake-correlated miRNAs highlighted terms related to cardiac development. A similar approach on targets of those miRNAs correlated with vitamin D intake showed an enrichment in genes involved in hormone metabolisms, while the response to chronic inflammation was among the top enriched processes involving targets of miRNAs negatively related with vitamin E intake. Our findings show that nutrients through the habitual diet influence circulating miRNA profiles and highlight that this aspect must be considered in the nutri-epigenomic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Tarallo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Torino, Italy
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181
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An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Predict Intention to Consume Plant-Based Yogurt Alternatives. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010148. [PMID: 33445762 PMCID: PMC7828233 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempts to predict plant-based yogurt consumers’ intention to consume plant-based yogurt alternatives in Denmark employing Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour as a theoretical framework. An online survey was conducted among 265 consumers recruited through convenience (snowball) sampling. The results from structural equation modelling analysis show that attitude (β = 0.216, p < 0.001), perceived behavioural control (self-efficacy) (β = 0.229, p < 0.001) and perceived sensory attributes (β = 0.324, p < 0.001) positively and significantly influenced consumers’ intention to consume plant-based yogurt alternatives. However, subjective norms (β = 0.106, p = 0.087) and perceived barriers (β = −0.051, p = 0.414) did not influence consumers’ intention to consume plant-based yogurt alternatives. Further, objective knowledge showed no significant influence on attitudes (β = 0.077, p = 0.242) and intention (β = −0.029, p = 0.603) towards plant-based yogurt alternatives. The intention (β = 0.677, p < 0.001) to consume plant-based yogurt alternatives showed a strong positive correlation with the behaviour to consume plant-based yogurt alternatives. The results from logistic regression indicated that socio-demographic characteristics, gender, education, income and region of residence were significantly associated with consumption of plant-based yogurt alternatives. Thus, focusing on consumers’ attitudes and self-efficacy and improving the organoleptic characteristics might promote the consumption of plant-based yogurt alternatives in Denmark and similar countries.
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182
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Saari UA, Herstatt C, Tiwari R, Dedehayir O, Mäkinen SJ. The vegan trend and the microfoundations of institutional change: A commentary on food producers’ sustainable innovation journeys in Europe. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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183
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Gibbs J, Gaskin E, Ji C, Miller MA, Cappuccio FP. The effect of plant-based dietary patterns on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention trials. J Hypertens 2021; 39:23-37. [PMID: 33275398 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The consumption of strict vegetarian diets with no animal products is associated with low blood pressure (BP). It is not clear whether less strict plant-based diets (PBDs) containing some animal products exert a similar effect. The main objective of this meta-analysis was to assess whether PBDs reduce BP in controlled clinical trials. METHODS We searched Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science to identify controlled clinical trials investigating the effect of PBDs on BP. Standardized mean differences in BP and 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random effects model. Risk of bias, sensitivity, heterogeneity, and publication bias were assessed. RESULTS Of the 790 studies identified, 41 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria (8416 participants of mean age 49.2 years). In the pooled analysis, PBDs were associated with lower SBP [Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension -5.53 mmHg (95% confidence intervals -7.95,-3.12), Mediterranean -0.95 mmHg (-1.70,-0.20), Vegan -1.30 mmHg (-3.90,1.29), Lacto-ovo vegetarian -5.47 mmHg (-7.60,-3.34), Nordic -4.47 mmHg (-7.14,-1.81), high-fiber -0.65 mmHg (-1.83,0.53), high-fruit and vegetable -0.57 mmHg (-7.45,6.32)]. Similar effects were seen on DBP. There was no evidence of publication bias and some heterogeneity was detected. The certainty of the results is high for the lacto-ovo vegetarian and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension diets, moderate for the Nordic and Mediterranean diets, low for the vegan diet, and very low for the high-fruit and vegetable and high-fiber diets. CONCLUSION PBDs with limited animal products lower both SBP and DBP, across sex and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Gibbs
- University of Warwick, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, Division of Health Sciences
| | - Eleanor Gaskin
- University of Warwick, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, Division of Health Sciences
| | - Chen Ji
- University of Warwick, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, Division of Health Sciences
| | - Michelle A Miller
- University of Warwick, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, Division of Health Sciences
| | - Francesco P Cappuccio
- University of Warwick, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, Division of Health Sciences
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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184
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Verzola D, Picciotto D, Saio M, Aimasso F, Bruzzone F, Sukkar SG, Massarino F, Esposito P, Viazzi F, Garibotto G. Low Protein Diets and Plant-Based Low Protein Diets: Do They Meet Protein Requirements of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease? Nutrients 2020; 13:E83. [PMID: 33383799 PMCID: PMC7824653 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A low protein diet (LPD) has historically been used to delay uremic symptoms and decrease nitrogen (N)-derived catabolic products in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In recent years it has become evident that nutritional intervention is a necessary approach to prevent wasting and reduce CKD complications and disease progression. While a 0.6 g/kg, high biological value protein-based LPD has been used for years, recent observational studies suggest that plant-derived LPDs are a better approach to nutritional treatment of CKD. However, plant proteins are less anabolic than animal proteins and amino acids contained in plant proteins may be in part oxidized; thus, they may not completely be used for protein synthesis. In this review, we evaluate the role of LPDs and plant-based LPDs on maintaining skeletal muscle mass in patients with CKD and examine different nutritional approaches for improving the anabolic properties of plant proteins when used in protein-restricted diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
| | - Daniela Picciotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Saio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Aimasso
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy; (F.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Bruzzone
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy; (F.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Samir Giuseppe Sukkar
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy; (F.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabio Massarino
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy; (F.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garibotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
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185
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Ferdaus MJ, Ferdous Z, Sara RJ, Mahin MG, Faruque MO. Total Antioxidants Activity and Proximate Analysis of Selected Fruits and Vegetables in Jashore Region, Bangladesh. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.8.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant plays essential roles in the maintaining of good health. Fruits and vegetables are the primary sources of antioxidants. Antioxidant contents in fruits and vegetables could vary in geographical distribution and also in the same soil for different time intervals. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the total antioxidant status and proximate analysis of some selected locally available fruits and vegetables and they were Mangiferaindica, Musa acuminate, Psidium guajava, Carcia papaya, Lagenariasiceraria, Trichosanthesdioica, Momordica charantia, Basella alba, and Amaranthus gangeticus from three villages. In this analysis, total antioxidant status was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and proximate analysis of moisture, ash, fat (Soxhlet extraction method), and protein (Kjeldahl method with N × 6.25) were determined as the method outlined in AOAC (2005). Among the four fruits sample, Papaya hadthe highest moisture content (88.08%)but was lower in ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate contents. Among the vegetables, Bottle gourd had the highest moisture content (94.14%).Regarding all samples, Red amaranth showed the highest ash (1.59%) and protein (4.32%) content. However, both Mango and Papaya showed the lowest protein content (0.70%). Fat content was low in Papaya and Bottle gourdwith 0.10% and 0.15% respectively. For the carbohydrates, Banana was the greatest source with 22.62%. Furthermore, among the fruits Guava had the highest total antioxidants activity of 70.90% and among vegetables, Bitter gourd had 45.47% which was the highest compared to other studiedvegetables. Whereas, Indian spinachhad the lowest antioxidants activity and the value was 28.60%. The above results indicate that the selected fruits contents higher levels of antioxidant activity compared to selected vegetables samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jannatul Ferdaus
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Zannatul Ferdous
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Rubyat Jahan Sara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Golam Mahin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Omar Faruque
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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186
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Haileslassie HA, Ramikie R, Vatanparast H, Ramdath DD, Froehlich Chow A, Shand P, Engler-Stringer R, Lieffers JR, Hood-Niefer S, Henry C. A Nutrition Intervention to Promote the Consumption of Pulse-Based Foods in Childcare Centers: Protocol for a Multimethod Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e22775. [PMID: 33361052 PMCID: PMC7790610 DOI: 10.2196/22775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant-based foods, including pulses (dry beans, lentils, chickpeas, and peas), have gained worldwide attention owing to their health and environmental benefits. Despite high production, the consumption of pulses is low in Canada. Behavior change interventions systematically designed to promote the consumption of pulse-based foods are scarce. Objective We describe the utilization of intervention mapping (IM) in the development of a multicomponent nutrition intervention aimed at promoting consumption of pulse-based foods among preschool children in childcare centers in Saskatchewan, Canada. Methods The Pulse Discovery Toolkit intervention was developed following the six steps of the IM protocol. Decisions at each step were either based upon literature review, expert consultation, pretesting, or a combination of these. Following the initial phase of the study, which focused on intervention development, phases II and III of the study were concerned with pilot testing and roll-out of the intervention, respectively. In total, one, two, and four childcare centers participated in phases I, II, and III, respectively. A multimethod approach was designed to evaluate the intervention during pilot testing and roll-out. Results The application of IM steps 1 to 3 in phase I resulted in the creation of performance objectives at different levels, including at the individual level (preschool children), and the social and environmental levels (parents, early childhood educators, and cooks). These objectives were then used to create a matrix of objectives matching the constructs of the social cognitive theory while taking Piaget cognitive development into consideration. This step was followed by defining program components, implementation, adoption, and evaluation strategies, which were utilized in phases II and III. Data have been collected from 2015 to 2018 and analyzed. The results will be reported elsewhere. Conclusions The IM protocol provided a rigorous framework for the development of a multicomponent evidence-based intervention to promote pulse-based foods in childcare centers. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/22775
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Abebe Haileslassie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Renee Ramikie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - D Dan Ramdath
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Phyllis Shand
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rachel Engler-Stringer
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jessica Rl Lieffers
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Carol Henry
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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187
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We have focused on recent research relevant to effects of dietary patterns and major food groups on cardiovascular outcomes, taking into account guidelines and position statements from expert authorities, with an emphasis on important changes in recommendations, some of which remain controversial. RECENT FINDINGS Major findings include: refocusing on qualitative patterns of food consumption replacing quantitative prescriptive advice on nutrients; increasing intake of plant foods; substituting saturated fats with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated oils; reducing salt intake; regular consumption of fish with a focus on omega-3 enrichment; not restricting dairy foods, other than butter and cream, with encouragement of some fermented products; reducing cholesterol intake for those at increased cardiovascular risk and diabetes, allowing 7-eggs weekly; restricting processed meats and allowing moderate lean meat consumption; preference for fiber-rich complex carbohydrates and reduced sugar intake; maintaining healthy bodyweight; and although water is the preferred beverage, allowing moderate alcohol consumption to national guidelines and avoiding alcohol in specific cardiovascular disorders. SUMMARY The new approach that focuses on healthier patterns of food intake is more readily understood by health practitioners and translatable to consumers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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188
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Abstract
Not all plant-based and animal foods exert the same health effects due to their various nutrient compositions. We aimed to assess the quality of plant-based v. animal foods in relation to mortality in a prospective cohort study. Using data collected from a nationally representative sample of 36 825 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014, we developed a de novo Comprehensive Diet Quality Index (cDQI) that assesses the quality of seventeen foods based on the healthfulness and separately scored the quality of eleven plant-based foods in a plant-based Diet Quality Index (pDQI) and six animal foods in an animal-based Diet Quality Index (aDQI). Mortality from all causes, heart disease and cancer were obtained from linkage to the National Death Index up to 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI after multivariable adjustments. During a median follow-up of 8·3 years, 4669 all-cause deaths occurred, including 798 deaths due to heart disease and 1021 due to cancer. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of cDQI had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0·75, 95 % CI 0·65, 0·86; Ptrend < 0·001), which largely reflected the inverse relationship between quality of plant-based foods (pDQI) and all-cause mortality (HR 0·66, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·74; Ptrend < 0·001). No independent association was found for the quality of animal foods (aDQI) and mortality. Our results suggest that consuming healthy plant-based foods is associated with lower all-cause mortality among US adults.
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189
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Llanaj E, Vincze F, Kósa Z, Sándor J, Diószegi J, Ádány R. Dietary Profile and Nutritional Status of the Roma Population Living in Segregated Colonies in Northeast Hungary. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092836. [PMID: 32947945 PMCID: PMC7551568 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition studies among Roma are scarce and to date no quantified dietary data are available. This report provides, for the first time, quantified dietary data and comprehensive anthropometric information for the Hungarian Roma (HR) population, with Hungarian general (HG) adults as reference. Data were obtained from a complex comparative health survey, involving 387 and 410 subjects of HR and HG populations, respectively. Using corporal measurements, body composition indicators were constructed, while daily nutrient intakes were evaluated in comparison with internationally accepted guidelines on nutrient requirements and recommended intakes. Associations between Roma ethnicity and nutrient intakes, as well as odds of achieving dietary recommendations were explored using regression models, adjusted for relevant covariates (i.e., age, gender, education, marital status and perceived financial status). Results showed occasional differences for selected nutrient intakes between the groups, with HR's intake being less favorable. Total fat intake, predominantly animal-sourced, exceeded recommendations among HR (36.1 g, 95% confidence interval (CI): 35.2-37.0) and was not dissimilar to HG group (37.1 g, 95% CI: 36.3-38.0). Sodium intake among HR was significantly lower (5094.4 mg, 95% CI: 4866.0-5322.8) compared to HG (5644.0 mg, 95% CI: 5351.9-5936.0), but significantly greater than recommended intake in both groups. HR had greater estimated body fatness (25.6-35.1%) and higher average body mass index (BMI, 27.7 kg/m2, 95% CI: 26.9-28.4), compared to HG. In addition, HR had lower odds of achieving dietary recommendations (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.97, p < 0.05). Findings warrant further research, while highlighting the importance of establishing and integrating Roma nutrition into national surveillance and monitoring systems for key dietary risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erand Llanaj
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Kassai street 26/B, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.L.); (F.V.); (J.S.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Kassai street 26/B, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Vincze
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Kassai street 26/B, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.L.); (F.V.); (J.S.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Kassai street 26/B, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Kósa
- Department of Methodology for Health Visitors and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, Sóstói street 2–4, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Kassai street 26/B, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.L.); (F.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Judit Diószegi
- MTA-DE-Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Kassai street 26/B, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Róza Ádány
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Kassai street 26/B, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.L.); (F.V.); (J.S.)
- MTA-DE-Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Kassai street 26/B, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-512-765 (ext. 77147)
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190
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Lonnie M, Johnstone AM. The public health rationale for promoting plant protein as an important part of a sustainable and healthy diet. NUTR BULL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lonnie
- Department of Human Nutrition Faculty of Food Science University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| | - A. M. Johnstone
- The Rowett Institute School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
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191
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Shahavandi M, Djafari F, Shahinfar H, Davarzani S, Babaei N, Ebaditabar M, Djafarian K, Clark CCT, Shab-Bidar S. The association of plant-based dietary patterns with visceral adiposity, lipid accumulation product, and triglyceride-glucose index in Iranian adults. Complement Ther Med 2020; 53:102531. [PMID: 33066861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to investigate whether adherence to a more plant-based, and less animal-based, diet is associated with visceral adiposity, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) in Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 adults aged between 18-75 years old. We created three plant-based diets. including an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), hPDI, and uPDI based on tertiles regarding the intake of animal- or plant-based food items obtained from a semi quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Higher hPDI was significantly associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (P-value = 0.01), lower waist circumference (P-value<0.001), and lower waist-hip ratio (P-value<0.001). A significant increase was found for high density lipoproteins (HDL) (P-trend <0.001) with a significant decrease for LAP (P-value = 0.03) in those with higher adherence to hPDI. Moreover, greater adherence to PDI was associated with a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p-value = 0.01) and fat free mass (FFM) (p-value = 0.01). There were no significant associations between PDIs and TyG and VFA. CONCLUSION We found that a higher hPDI score was significantly associated with better anthropometric measurements. A significant increase was found for HDL and a significant decrease was found for LAP on hPDI. However, a higher PDI score was significantly associated with higher DBP and higher FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Shahavandi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang Djafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Davarzani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Babaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Ebaditabar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV15FB, UK
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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192
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Baumgartner S, Bruckert E, Gallo A, Plat J. The position of functional foods and supplements with a serum LDL-C lowering effect in the spectrum ranging from universal to care-related CVD risk management. Atherosclerosis 2020; 311:116-123. [PMID: 32861515 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of data demonstrates a causal link between serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Any decrease in serum LDL-C concentrations is associated with a decreased CVD risk, and this benefit is similar to a comparable LDL-C reduction after drug treatment and dietary intervention. Moreover, life-long reductions in serum LDL-C levels have a large impact on CVD risk and a long-term dietary enrichment with functional foods or supplements with a proven LDL lowering efficacy is therefore a feasible and efficient approach to decrease future CVD risk. Functional foods with an LDL-C lowering effect can improve health and/or a reduce the risk of disease. However, it has not been mentioned specifically whether this concerns mainly universal prevention or whether this can also be applied to the hierarchy towards care related prevention. Therefore, we here describe the effects of a list of interesting functional food ingredients with proven benefit in LDL-C lowering. In addition, we pay particular attention to the emerging evidence that the addition of these functional ingredients and supplements is advisable as universal and selective prevention in the general population. Moreover, functional ingredients and supplements are also helpful in care related prevention, i.e. in patients with elevated LDL-C concentrations who are statin-intolerant or are not able to achieve their LDL-C target levels. Furthermore, we will highlight practical aspects regarding the use of functional foods with an LDL-C lowering effect, such as the increasing importance of shared decision making of medical doctors and dieticians with patients to ensure proper empowerment and better adherence to dietary approaches. In addition, we will address costs issues related to the use of these functional foods, which might be a barrier in some populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Baumgartner
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Endocrinology Metabolism and Cardiovascular Prevention, E3M Institute and Cardiometabolic IHU (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Endocrinology Metabolism and Cardiovascular Prevention, E3M Institute and Cardiometabolic IHU (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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193
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Hynes M. Beyond Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: 10 Steps to Better Control. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 15:434-440. [PMID: 34366742 DOI: 10.1177/1559827620943326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation includes risk factor modification beyond ablation, with lifestyle modifications including treatment of obesity through diet and moderate exercise being at the top of the list. Losing 10% of body weight if obese, a plant-based diet, exercise, maintaining systolic blood pressure below 130 mm Hg, treatment of sleep disorders and obstructive sleep apnea, stress management, and treatment of depression and anxiety should all be included in treatment. Maximizing evidence-based treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes is also paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijane Hynes
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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194
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Abstract
The world is experiencing a cataclysmically increasing burden from chronic illnesses. Chronic diseases are on the advance worldwide and treatment strategies to counter this development are dominated by symptom control and polypharmacy. Thus, chronic conditions are often considered irreversible, implying a slow progression of disease that can only be hampered but not stopped. The current plant-based movement is attempting to alter this way of thinking. Applying a nutrition-first approach, the ultimate goal is either disease remission or reversal. Hereby, ethical questions arise as to whether physicians' current understanding of chronic illness is outdated and morally reprehensible. In this case, physicians may need to recommend plant-based diets to every patient suffering from chronic conditions, while determining what other socioecological factors and environmental aspects play a role in the chronic disease process. This article provides insights to aspects of diet and chronic illness and discusses how the plant-based movement could redefine current understanding of chronic disease. The ethical justifications for recommending of a plant-based diet are analyzed. The article concludes that not advocating for plant-based nutrition is unethical and harms the planet and patients alike.
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195
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Shinde T, Hansbro PM, Sohal SS, Dingle P, Eri R, Stanley R. Microbiota Modulating Nutritional Approaches to Countering the Effects of Viral Respiratory Infections Including SARS-CoV-2 through Promoting Metabolic and Immune Fitness with Probiotics and Plant Bioactives. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E921. [PMID: 32570850 PMCID: PMC7355654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) can spread quickly and cause enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. These events pose serious threats to public health due to time lags in developing vaccines to activate the acquired immune system. The high variability of people's symptomatic responses to viral infections, as illustrated in the current COVID-19 pandemic, indicates the potential to moderate the severity of morbidity from VRIs. Growing evidence supports roles for probiotic bacteria (PB) and prebiotic dietary fiber (DF) and other plant nutritional bioactives in modulating immune functions. While human studies help to understand the epidemiology and immunopathology of VRIs, the chaotic nature of viral transmissions makes it difficult to undertake mechanistic study where the pre-conditioning of the metabolic and immune system could be beneficial. However, recent experimental studies have significantly enhanced our understanding of how PB and DF, along with plant bioactives, can significantly modulate innate and acquired immunity responses to VRIs. Synbiotic combinations of PB and DF potentiate increased benefits primarily through augmenting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate. These and specific plant polyphenolics help to regulate immune responses to both restrain VRIs and temper the neutrophil response that can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review highlights the current understanding of the potential impact of targeted nutritional strategies in setting a balanced immune tone for viral clearance and reinforcing homeostasis. This knowledge may guide the development of public health tactics and the application of functional foods with PB and DF components as a nutritional approach to support countering VRI morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Shinde
- Centre for Food Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
- Gut Health Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia;
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia;
| | - Peter Dingle
- Dingle Wellness, South Fremantle, WA 6162, Australia;
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- Gut Health Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia;
| | - Roger Stanley
- Centre for Food Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
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196
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Rangarajan H, Elumalai A, Chidanand DV. Traditional fruits of South India: Bioactive components and their potential health implications in chronic diseases. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13266. [PMID: 32529677 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fruits are colorful, flavorful, and nutritious components and play an important role for the vital health and maintenance of our body. Experimental evidences suggested that fruits contain various bioactive constituents including flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, and micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Because of these, fruits are receiving greater attention to treat and/or control various health complications such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune system decline, and certain neurological disorders. Experimental evidences from various in vitro and in vivo imply that fruit extracts and/or isolated bioactive compounds are associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, fruits have the potential to be converted into functional foods as well as pharmaceuticals to prevent or/and treat several chronic complications. In the present article, we review current knowledge about the bioactivities and health benefits of selected Indian fruits for the treatment/management of the chronic health complications in humans. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review provides practical information about how best to take advantage of the bioactive compounds and health implications of the South Indian fruits like Bael, Jujube, Cotton Candy Berry, and Manilla Tamarind as a potential source of functional and nutritive compounds. It aims at emphasizing the most recent findings on biological effects of major groups of fruits like Bael, Jujube, Cotton Candy Berry, and Manilla Tamarind and their major components, their medical interest, potential drug interaction, notably for human nutrition, health benefits, and therapeutic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Rangarajan
- Department of Technology Dissemination, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, India
| | - Arunkumar Elumalai
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, India
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197
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Lopes T, Zemlin AE, Erasmus RT, Faber M, Kengne AP. Assessment of the association of plant-based diets with cardiovascular disease risk profile in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036792. [PMID: 32487581 PMCID: PMC7265011 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently the leading cause of death worldwide. In Africa where infectious diseases are still the leading cause of death, the contribution of non-communicable diseases led by CVDs has significantly increased in recent years. The rise of CVDs in Africa is attributed at least in part to the adoption of sedentary behaviours and unhealthy eating habits, which are linked with urbanisation and westernisation of cultures. Dietary attributes associated with CVD risk have been less investigated in Africa. However, evidence from developed nations has reported a protective effect of healthy dietary patterns such as plant-based diets (PBDs) on cardiometabolic health. The current protocol is for a review aiming to assess existing evidence on the association of PBDs with CVD risk profile in African populations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol was developed following the 2015 guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols. We will conduct a comprehensive search of the literature for published studies on PBDs in relation to CVD risk profile in African populations. Observational studies published between January 1990 and December 2019 will be screened. A search strategy using keywords and medical subject headings terms will be applied across multiple scientific databases including PubMed-Medline, Scopus and EBSCOhost and the African Journals Online platform. Manual searches of reference lists from relevant articles will be performed. Citations will be traced using the ISI Web of Science to further identify eligible studies. Grey literature will also be screened for relevant abstracts from conference proceedings, and experts in the field will be contacted where appropriate. Two investigators will independently screen all the titles and abstracts to determine which records are eligible for full-text review. Subsequently, two investigators will review the eligible full text using the selection criteria. A third investigator will be consulted to resolve any discrepancies. Data will be extracted from studies that are eligible for the review. Meta-analysis will be performed for studies with similar or comparable methods and reported outcome measures. This will be performed overall, and by major study-level characteristics. Heterogeneity in the estimates across studies will be assessed and quantified with the use of Cochrane Q and I2 statistics, respectively. Publication biases will be investigated through funnel plots and Egger test of bias. Relevant sensitivity analyses will be performed to confirm the robustness of the findings. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The review will analyse data from published studies; therefore, it does not require ethical approval. The findings of the review will be submitted as part of a PhD thesis at Stellenbosch University, South Africa. Additionally, the findings will be presented at conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020159862.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatum Lopes
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Annalise E Zemlin
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Rajiv T Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Mieke Faber
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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198
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Dasinger JH, Abais-Battad JM, Mattson DL. Influences of environmental factors during preeclampsia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R26-R32. [PMID: 32432917 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00020.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder that impacts 5-8% of pregnancies and has long-term cardiovascular and metabolic implications for both mother and fetus. The mechanisms are unclear; however, it is believed that preeclampsia is characterized by abnormal vascularization during placentation resulting in the manifestation of clinical signs such as hypertension, proteinuria, and endothelial dysfunction. Although there is no current cure to alleviate the clinical signs, an emerging area of interest in the field is the influence of environmental factors including diet on the risk of preeclampsia. Because preeclampsia has serious cardiovascular implications to both the mother and fetus and most antihypertensive medications are contraindicated in pregnancy, it is important to investigate other potential therapeutic options such as dietary manipulation. The emerging field of nutrigenomics links diet with the gene expression of known pathways such as oxidative stress and inflammation via microbiome-mediated metabolites and could serve as one potential avenue of therapeutic targets for preeclampsia. Although the exact role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is unknown, this review will focus on known pathways involved in the development of preeclampsia and how dietary intake modulates the microbiome, oxidative stress, and inflammation with an emphasis on nutrigenomics as a potential avenue of further investigation to better understand this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Henry Dasinger
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Justine M Abais-Battad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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199
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Vegetarian, pescatarian and flexitarian diets: sociodemographic determinants and association with cardiovascular risk factors in a Swiss urban population. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:844-852. [PMID: 32418548 PMCID: PMC7525113 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence and trends of different vegetarian diets remain unknown, with estimates varying depending on the source. Evidence suggests that vegetarian diets are associated with a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and trends of different types of vegetarian diets in a population-based representative sample, sociodemographic characteristics of participants following such diets and the association of these diets with cardiovascular risk factors. Using repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys conducted in Geneva, Switzerland, 10 797 individuals participated in the study between 2005 and 2017. Participants were classified as vegetarians, pescatarians, flexitarians or omnivores using an FFQ. Sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and blood tests. Findings show prevalence of vegetarians increased from 0·5 to 1·2 %, pescatarians from 0·3 to 1·1 % and flexitarians remained stable at 15·6 % of the population over the study period. Compared with omnivores, vegetarians were more likely to be young (OR 2·38; 95 % CI 1·01, 5·6), have higher education (OR 1·59; 95 % CI 1·01, 2·49) and lower income (OR 1·83; 95 % CI 1·04, 3·21); pescatarians and flexitarians were more likely to be women (pescatarian: OR 1·81; 95 % CI 1·10, 3·00; vegetarian: OR 1·57; 95 % CI 1·41, 1·75) and flexitarians were also more likely to have a lower income (OR 1·31; 95 % CI 1·13, 1·53). Participants who adhered to any diet excluding/reducing meat intake had lower BMI, total cholesterol and hypertension compared with omnivores. The present study shows an increase in the prevalence of vegetarians over a 13-year period and suggests that the different vegetarian diets assessed are associated with a better cardiovascular risk profile.
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200
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Evans LW, Stratton MS, Ferguson BS. Dietary natural products as epigenetic modifiers in aging-associated inflammation and disease. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:653-676. [PMID: 31993614 PMCID: PMC7577396 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020Chronic, low-grade inflammation is linked to aging and has been termed "inflammaging". Inflammaging is considered a key contributor to the development of metabolic dysfunction and a broad spectrum of diseases or disorders including declines in brain and heart function. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) coupled with epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have shown the importance of diet in the development of chronic and age-related diseases. Moreover, dietary interventions e.g. caloric restriction can attenuate inflammation to delay and/or prevent these diseases. Common themes in these studies entail the use of phytochemicals (plant-derived compounds) or the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as epigenetic modifiers of DNA and histone proteins. Epigenetic modifications are dynamically regulated and as such, serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of age-related disease. In this review, we will focus on the role for natural products that include phytochemicals and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as regulators of these epigenetic adaptations. Specifically, we discuss regulators of methylation, acetylation and acylation, in the protection from chronic inflammation driven metabolic dysfunction and deterioration of neurocognitive and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi W Evans
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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