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Mitchell SG, Fletcher JB, Monico LB, Gryczynski J, Fishman MJ, O'Grady KE, Schwartz RP. Comparing outcomes of extended-release naltrexone in adolescents and young adults with opioid use disorder. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 163:209162. [PMID: 37730015 PMCID: PMC10948374 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opioid use among youth is a public health concern in the United States, with >3300 overdose deaths occurring nationally each year. Unfortunately, youth in the United States are still prescribed medication for opioid use disorder (OUD) at a lower rate than their adult counterparts. METHODS From 10/2013 to 01/2018, adolescents (ages 15-17; n = 25) and young adults (ages 18-21; n = 263) with moderate to severe OUD enrolled in the parent trial of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX; n = 82) versus treatment-as-usual (TAU; either buprenorphine maintenance [n = 94] or counseling without buprenorphine maintenance [n = 112]). The study assessed opioid use outcomes for adolescents vs. young adults using timeline follow-back self-report procedures at baseline and 3-/6-month follow-up assessments. Mixed-effects longitudinal and clustered panel regression models compared treatment effects over time of XR-NTX and TAU on opioid use outcomes in this secondary analysis. RESULTS Though adolescent participants reported significantly less opioid use at baseline relative to their young adult counterparts (p < 0.05), the two age groups reported similar rates of opioid use throughout the intervention period. Additionally, both adolescents and young adults receiving XR-NTX evidenced lower rates of opioid use than those receiving TAU at all time points, and adolescents on XR-NTX were the only group who reduced their opioid use at all time points. Mixed-effects models indicated adolescents receiving XR-NTX demonstrated a 48 % lower rate of opioid use days [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) = 0.52; p = 0.020], while young adults receiving XR-NTX reported an estimated 26 % lower rate (IRR = 0.74; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that adolescents respond favorably to XR-NTX relative to TAU for treatment of OUD, demonstrating similar outcomes to young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse B Fletcher
- Friends Research Institute, 1040 Park Avenue, Suite 103, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Laura B Monico
- Friends Research Institute, 1040 Park Avenue, Suite 103, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jan Gryczynski
- Friends Research Institute, 1040 Park Avenue, Suite 103, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Marc J Fishman
- Mountain Manor Treatment Center, 3800 Frederick Avenue, Baltimore 21229, MD, USA
| | - Kevin E O'Grady
- Department of Psychology, University y 8Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Robert P Schwartz
- Friends Research Institute, 1040 Park Avenue, Suite 103, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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202
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Parkkila MLD, Prost SG, Tripodi SJ. Compassionate Release: A Call to Social Workers. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2024; 30:221-225. [PMID: 38860340 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.24.01.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
An increase in the number of older people incarcerated in prisons has given rise to increased costs of correctional health care. Despite the many benefits of compassionate release, it is rarely used. Citing barriers at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels, we contend that social workers are uniquely suited to increase the number of people released through this mechanism owing to a unique knowledge and skill set. We offer eight specific strategies for how social workers can increase the use of compassionate release by working with individuals, conducting and disseminating research, and engaging in advocacy as shaped by core professional principles and values and related curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen J Tripodi
- College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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203
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Xu J, Liang J, Yan H, Zhang C, Zhang X, Li X, Huang W, Guo H, Yang Y, Ye J, Ou Y, Deng W, Xu J, Li X, Xie G, Guo W. Alterations in amygdala subregions-Default mode network connectivity after treatment in patients with schizophrenia. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25376. [PMID: 39158151 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Disrupted connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) during resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is well-documented in schizophrenia (SCZ). The amygdala, a key component in the neurobiology of SCZ, comprises distinct subregions that may exert varying effects on the disorder. This study aimed to investigate variations in functional connectivity (FC) between distinct amygdala subregions and the DMN in SCZ individuals and explore the effects of treatment on these connections. Fifty-six SCZ patients and 51 healthy controls underwent FC analysis and questionnaire surveys during resting state. The amygdala was selected as the region of interest (ROI) and subdivided into four parts. Changes in FC were examined, and correlations between questionnaire scores and brain activity were explored. Pre-treatment, SCZ patients exhibited reduced FC between the amygdala and DMN compared to HCs. After treatment, significant differences persisted in the right medial amygdala, while other regions did not differ significantly from controls. In addition, PANSS scores positively correlated with FC between the Right Medial Amygdala and the left SMFC (r = .347, p = .009), while RBANS5A scores showed a positive correlation with FC between the Left Lateral Amygdala and the right MTG (rho = -.347, p = .009). The rsFC between the amygdala and the DMN plays a crucial role in the treatment mechanisms of SCZ. This could provide a promising predictive indicator for understanding the neural mechanisms behind treatment and symptomatic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaquan Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunguo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinglian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huagui Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinzhong Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinbing Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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204
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Townsend ML, Barr KR, Miller CE, Sanzone G. Self-harm and suicidal behaviors in children: perspectives of mental health clinicians. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:571-579. [PMID: 38872281 PMCID: PMC11335141 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Presentations for self-harm and suicidal behaviors are increasing in children and young people, although less is known about these presentations in children aged 12 years and under. This study aims to understand how mental health clinicians in public health services conceptualize, identify and respond to self-harm and suicidal behaviors in children. METHODS 26 mental health clinicians provided their perspectives through interviews or focus groups. Participant responses were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Mental health clinicians described how self-harm and suicidal behaviors may present differently in children compared with adolescents, particularly with the methods used. Using developmentally appropriate language and including parents or carers when screening for self-harm and suicidal behaviors was recommended by clinicians. The inclusion of parents or carers throughout the treatment process was important for clinicians, including helping parents understand their child's behavior and manage their own distress. Clinicians also highlighted the benefit of collaborating with schools to support children, yet noted primary school staff require training in responding to child self-harm and suicidal behavior. The limited services available for children 12 years and under including emergency care services, was identified as a problem. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of timely assessment and interventions which include mental health and medical clinicians, parents, carers, and school staff to support children with self-harm and suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Townsend
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Karlen R Barr
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Caitlin E Miller
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Gillian Sanzone
- Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Foell A, Pitzer KA, Nebbitt V, Lombe M, Yu M, Villodas ML, Enelamah N, Lateef H. Anxiety sensitivity among Black youth: A cross-sectional analysis of the direct and indirect effects of community violence exposure, neighborhood risk, parenting practices, and peer effects. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:390-402. [PMID: 39068110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Youth exposed to community violence and neighborhood stressors report devastating mental health consequences. Black youth are at greater risk and experience community violence at rates higher than other youth populations. An underexplored mental health consequence is anxiety sensitivity, the fear of experiencing anxiety-related symptoms, which contributes to maladaptive coping strategies and the development and severity of other mental health problems. This study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine socio-ecological risk and protective factors associated with community violence exposure and anxiety sensitivity among low-income Black youth. Survey data are from a sample of 320 Black youth residing in public and subsidized housing in a Northeastern city in the United States. Results indicated that neighborhood risk, parenting behaviors, and exposure to delinquent peers were indirectly associated with anxiety sensitivity, which occurred through community violence exposure. Additionally, neighborhood risks had direct effects on anxiety sensitivity. Results point to the need to incorporate social and environmental factors in interventions addressing anxiety sensitivity among Black youth in urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Foell
- Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois Chicago, 1040 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Kyle A Pitzer
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Von Nebbitt
- School of Social Work, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Margaret Lombe
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mansoo Yu
- School of Social Work, Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, 720 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Melissa L Villodas
- Department of Social Work, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Ngozi Enelamah
- Department of Social Work, University of New Hampshire, 55 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Husain Lateef
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Rojas‐Saunero LP, Hughes TM, Mayeda ER, Jimenez MP. Racial and ethnic differences in the risk of dementia diagnosis under hypothetical blood pressure-lowering interventions: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:5271-5280. [PMID: 38984649 PMCID: PMC11350054 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substantial racial and ethnic disparities in hypertension and dementia exist in the United States. We evaluated the effect of maintaining systolic blood pressure (SBP) below clinical thresholds on dementia incidence. METHODS We included 6806 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants (44 to 84 years old). We implemented the parametric g-formula to simulate the hypothetical interventions to reduce SBP below 120 and 140 mmHg over time, accounting for time-varying confounding. We estimated risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences for dementia incidence at 19 years. RESULTS The RRs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) comparing an intervention reducing SBP below 120 mmHg to no intervention were 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) for total sample, 0.95 (0.88 to 1.02) for White, 0.90 (0.79 to 1.02) for Black, 0.90 (0.78 to 1.05) for Latino, and 1.16 (0.83 to 1.55) for Chinese American participants. Results for lowering SBP below 140 mmHg and with death as competing event were attenuated. DISCUSSION The reduction of SBP below 120 mmHg over time has modest effects on reducing dementia incidence. More work is needed to understand the heterogeneity across racial and ethnic groups. HIGHLIGHTS There is a potential beneficial effect in lowering SBP to reduce the risk of dementia, which may vary by race and ethnicity. The percentage of participants who would need intervention on blood pressure to meet clinical thresholds is greater for Black and Latino communities. Results are sensitive to the way that death is specified in the research question and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy M. Hughes
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of EpidemiologyUCLA Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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207
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Adler DH, Wood N, Fiscella K, Rivera MP, Hernandez-Romero B, Chamberlin S, Abar B. Increasing Uptake of Lung Cancer Screening Among Emergency Department Patients: A Pilot Study. J Emerg Med 2024; 67:e164-e176. [PMID: 38839453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Lung cancer screening (LCS) decreases lung cancer mortality. Emergency department (ED) patients are at disproportionately high risk for lung cancer. The ED, therefore, is an optimal environment for interventions to promote LCS. OBJECTIVES Demonstrate the operational feasibility of identifying ED patients in need of LCS, referring them to LCS services, deploying a text message intervention to promote LCS, and conducting follow-up to determine LCS uptake. METHODS We conducted a randomized clinical trial to determine the feasibility and provide estimates of the preliminary efficacies of 1) basic referral for LCS and 2) basic referral plus a text messaging intervention, grounded in behavioral change theory, to promote uptake of LCS among ED patients. Participants aged 50 to 80, identified as eligible for LCS, were randomized to study arms and followed up at 150 days to assess interval LCS uptake (primary outcome), barriers to screening, and perceptions of the study interventions. RESULTS A total of 303 patients were surveyed, with 198 identified as eligible for LCS and subsequently randomized. Results indicated that 24% of participants with follow-up data received LCS (11% of the total randomized sample). Rates of screening at follow-up were similar across study arms. The intervention significantly improved normative perceptions of LCS (p = 0.015; Cohen's d = 0.45). CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of ED-based interventions to increase uptake of LCS among ED patients. A scalable ED-based intervention that increases LCS uptake could reduce lung cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Adler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
| | - Nancy Wood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Kevin Fiscella
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - M Patricia Rivera
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Sydney Chamberlin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Beau Abar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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208
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Hoopsick RA, Vest BM, Homish DL, Homish GG. United States Army Reserve/National Guard soldiers' healthcare experiences, attitudes, and preferences: Differences based on deployment status. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:1195-1207. [PMID: 38193498 PMCID: PMC11223970 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2024.2303409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Some United States Army Reserve/National Guard (USAR/NG) soldiers have substantial health needs, which may be service-related, but not necessarily resulting from deployment. However, most USAR/NG members need to have been deployed to qualify for Veterans Administration (VA) benefits. Therefore, many USAR/NG soldiers seek care from civilian healthcare providers (HCPs). Using a subset (N = 430 current/former soldiers) of Operation: SAFETY study data, we used regression models to examine differences in healthcare experiences, attitudes, and preferences by deployment status (never-deployed vs. previously-deployed). Final models controlled for age, sex, rank (enlisted vs. officer), military status (current vs. former military), and RAND SF-36 General Health Score. Over 40% of soldiers agreed that civilian HCPs should ask patients about their military service, but never-deployed soldiers were less likely to report being asked about their service (p < 0.05) or how their service affects their health (p < 0.10). Never-deployed soldiers were also less likely to attribute their health concerns to military service (p < 0.001). Although never-deployed soldiers were more likely to prefer receiving physical (p < 0.05) and mental (p < 0.05) healthcare outside of the VA than previously-deployed soldiers, never-deployed soldiers had low confidence in their HCP's understanding of their needs (49% thought that their civilian HCP did not understand them; 71% did not think that their civilian HCP could address military-related health concerns; 76% thought that their civilian HCP did not understand military culture). Findings demonstrate that although civilian HCPs may be the preferred (and only) choice for never-deployed USAR/NG soldiers, they may need additional support to provide care to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Hoopsick
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Bonnie M Vest
- Department of Family Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - D Lynn Homish
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gregory G Homish
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Yin H, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang S, Ling X, Han T, Sun C, Ma J, Wei W, Zhu J, Wang X. Breastfeeding may reduce the effects of maternal smoking on lung cancer mortality in adult offspring: a prospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:4767-4774. [PMID: 39143708 PMCID: PMC11326021 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous research has indicated a correlation between smoking and the mortality rate in patients with lung cancer, the impact of early life factors on this relationship remains unclear and requires further investigation. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that breastfeeding reduces the risk of lung cancer-related death. METHODS The authors conducted a prospective cohort study involving 501 859 participants recruited from the United Kingdom Biobank to explore the potential association between breastfeeding and the risk of lung cancer mortality using a Cox proportional hazards model. Subsequently, the polygenic risk score for lung cancer was calculated to detect interactions between genes and the environment. RESULTS Over a median follow-up duration of 11.8 years, encompassing a total of 501 859 participants, breastfeeding was found to reduce the risk of lung cancer-related death and the impact of maternal smoking on lung cancer mortality in adult offspring. This association remained consistent after stratification. Furthermore, the influence of maternal smoking and breastfeeding on the risk of lung cancer mortality was significant at a high genetic risk level. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding can reduce the risk of lung cancer-related death and the impact of maternal smoking on lung cancer mortality in adult offspring. This correlation has the potential to reduce the probability of lung-cancer-related deaths in subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Yixue Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Xiaodong Ling
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Biobank, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
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Eck M, Da Costa J, Wathelet M, Beunas C, D'Ovidio K, Moncany AH, Thomas P, Fovet T. [Prevalence of mental disorders in French prisons: A systematic review]. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:446-464. [PMID: 38378405 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among prisoners remains a major public health issue worldwide. In France, despite the increasing number of persons who are incarcerated (+30% between 1992 and 2002 with a 120% prison overcrowding), and a historical concern about the mental health of persons in detention and its management, no systematic review has been published on this subject. The aim of this article is to present the results of a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in French prisons. METHOD The reporting of this systematic review conforms to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist. We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases. We used combinations of keywords relating to prison (prison*, jail*, inmate*), to psychiatry ("mental health", psychiatr*), and to France (France, French). This work was completed with a search through the digital libraries of the École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP) and of the Système Universitaire de Documentation (Sudoc) to obtain data from academic works and the gray literature. References cited in studies included in this review were also examined. All references published up to September 2022, written in English or French, presenting the results of original quantitative studies on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in correctional settings were included. Two researchers independently extracted data from included references according to a pre-established protocol. RESULTS Among 501 records identified, a total of 35 papers based on 24 epidemiological studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review: 16 were cross-sectional, 7 retrospective and 1 both cross-sectional and retrospective. All papers were published between 1999 and 2022. We found one European study, 5 international studies, 18 regional or local studies. Of these, 21 studies had all-male or mixed gender samples (but when the sample was mixed gender, it was always at least 92% male). Almost half of the studies (n=11) involved a small sample of fewer than 500 persons. Half of the studies involved a sample of recently incarcerated persons: 6 involved a random sample of persons in detention, and 1 involved a sample of people incarcerated for more than 5 years. The last 5 studies focused on persons aged over 50 years and incarcerated for more than one year (n=1), incarcerated for sexual offences (n=2), placed in disciplinary cells (n=1) or in a special wing for radicalized or suspected radicalized individuals (n=1). Nine studies used standardized and validated diagnostic tools. According to the 4 studies involving representative samples and using standardized and validated diagnostic tools, the prevalence of the following psychiatric disorders was: 29.4-44.4% for anxiety disorders, 5-14.2% for PTSD, 28-31.2% for mood disorders, 6.9-17% for psychotic disorders, 32% for personality disorders and 11% for ADHD. CONCLUSION This systematic review of the literature highlights the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in French prisons. The data collected are in line with international studies. The great methodological heterogeneity of the papers included in this review calls for further rigorous research to better understand the rates of mental disorders in French prisons and to explore their determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Eck
- Pôle de psychiatrie légale et de conduites addictives en milieu pénitentiaire, centre hospitalier Gérard Marchant, 31057 Toulouse, France; Inserm, U1172 - Lille neuroscience & cognition, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Julien Da Costa
- Pôle de psychiatrie légale et de conduites addictives en milieu pénitentiaire, centre hospitalier Gérard Marchant, 31057 Toulouse, France
| | - Marielle Wathelet
- Pôle de psychiatrie, médecine légale et médecine en milieu pénitentiaire, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et santé mentale Hauts-de-France (F2RSM Psy), Saint-André-lez-Lille, France
| | - Clément Beunas
- Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et santé mentale Hauts-de-France (F2RSM Psy), Saint-André-lez-Lille, France
| | - Kevin D'Ovidio
- Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et santé mentale Hauts-de-France (F2RSM Psy), Saint-André-lez-Lille, France
| | - Anne-Hélène Moncany
- Pôle de psychiatrie légale et de conduites addictives en milieu pénitentiaire, centre hospitalier Gérard Marchant, 31057 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Inserm, U1172 - Lille neuroscience & cognition, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Pôle de psychiatrie, médecine légale et médecine en milieu pénitentiaire, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Fovet
- Inserm, U1172 - Lille neuroscience & cognition, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Pôle de psychiatrie, médecine légale et médecine en milieu pénitentiaire, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Kronfli N, Lafferty L, Leone F, Stoové M, Hajarizadeh B, Lloyd AR, Altice FL. Using nominal group technique to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to improving uptake of the Prison Needle Exchange Program in Canadian federal prisons by correctional officers and healthcare workers. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 130:104540. [PMID: 39079352 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elimination of bloodborne viruses including HIV and hepatitis C virus from prisons requires high coverage of evidence-based interventions that prevent bloodborne virus transmission, including needle and syringe programs. Canada launched a Prison Needle Exchange Program (PNEP) in nine federal prisons in 2018; however, uptake among people who inject drugs in prison remains low. We aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to improving PNEP uptake identified by correctional officers and healthcare workers. METHODS Participants from nine federal prisons with PNEP completed focus groups using nominal group technique, a rapid mixed-method consensus strategy. Responses were generated, rank-ordered, and prioritized by each stakeholder group. We identified the highest-ranking responses (≥10 % of the overall votes) to questions about barriers and facilitators to PNEP uptake. RESULTS Between September 2023 and February 2024, 16 focus groups were conducted with 118 participants (n = 51 correctional officers; n = 67 healthcare workers). Among correctional officers, the top perceived barriers were bullying from peers (22 %), fear of being targeted by correctional officers (14 %), and fear of repercussions due to drug use (13 %). The top facilitators were safe injection sites (30 %), provision of wrap-around services (16 %), and education of correctional officers (10 %). Among healthcare workers, the top perceived barriers were lack of confidentiality (16 %), fear of being targeted by correctional officers (12 %), and a long and complex application process (11 %). The top facilitators were education of correctional officers (29 %), delivery of PNEP by an external provider (15 %), automatic approval for participation in the PNEP (13 %), and safe injection sites (12 %). CONCLUSION Multiple modifiable barriers and solutions to improving PNEP uptake in Canadian federal prisons were identified by correctional employees. Both participant groups identified the potential for safe injection sites and education to correctional officers as enabling PNEP uptake. These data will inform Canadian efforts to improve engagement and to expand PNEP coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kronfli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Lise Lafferty
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Level 1, Goodsell Building, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frederic Leone
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Stoové
- Behaviours and Health Risks, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Behzad Hajarizadeh
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Level 6, Wallace Wurth, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frederick L Altice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale School of Medicine. 135 College St., Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Fazel S, Favril L. The importance of excluding selected samples when estimating prevalence of mental disorders in the general prison population-A response to Baggio and Efthimiou (2024). CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2024; 34:391-395. [PMID: 38880952 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Seena Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louis Favril
- Faculty of Law and Criminology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Koroukian SM, Fein HL, Vu L, Bensken WP, Schiltz NK, Sajatovic M, Ghearing GR, Warner DF. Excess prevalence of preexisting chronic conditions in older adults with incident epilepsy. Epilepsia 2024; 65:2354-2367. [PMID: 38837227 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior studies have examined chronic conditions in older adults with prevalent epilepsy, but rarely among those with incident epilepsy. Identifying the chronic conditions with which older adults present at epilepsy incidence assists with the evaluation of disease burden in this patient population and informs coordinated care development. The aim of this study was to identify preexisting chronic conditions with excess prevalence in older adults with incident epilepsy compared to those without. METHODS Using a random sample of 4 999 999 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged >65 years, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of epilepsy incidence in 2019. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic beneficiaries were oversampled. We identified preexisting chronic conditions from the 2016-2018 Medicare Beneficiary Summary Files and compared chronic condition prevalence between Medicare beneficiaries with and without incident epilepsy in 2019. We characterized variations in preexisting excess chronic condition prevalence by age, sex, and race/ethnicity, adjusting for the racial/ethnic oversampling. RESULTS We observed excess prevalence of most preexisting chronic conditions in beneficiaries with incident epilepsy (n = 20 545, weighted n = 19 631). For stroke, for example, the adjusted prevalence rate ratio (APRR) was 4.82 (99% CI:4.60, 5.04), meaning that, compared to those without epilepsy, beneficiaries with incident epilepsy in 2019 had 4.82 times the stroke prevalence. Similarly, beneficiaries with incident epilepsy had a higher prevalence rate for preexisting neurological conditions (APRR = 3.17, 99% CI = 3.08-3.27), substance use disorders (APRR = 3.00, 99% CI = 2.81-3.19), and psychiatric disorders (APRR = 1.98, 99% CI = 1.94-2.01). For most documented chronic conditions, excess prevalence among beneficiaries with incident epilepsy in 2019 was larger for younger age groups compared to older age groups, and for Hispanic beneficiaries compared to both non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black beneficiaries. SIGNIFICANCE Compared to epilepsy-free Medicare beneficiaries, those with incident epilepsy in 2019 had a higher prevalence of most preexisting chronic conditions. Our findings highlight the importance of health promotion and prevention, multidisciplinary care, and elucidating shared pathophysiology to identify opportunities for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran M Koroukian
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hannah L Fein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Long Vu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wyatt P Bensken
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas K Schiltz
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Martha Sajatovic
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gena R Ghearing
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David F Warner
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Family & Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
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Galuba V, Cordes J, Feyerabend S, Riesbeck M, Meisenzahl-Lechner E, Correll CU, Kluge M, Neff A, Zink M, Langguth B, Reske D, Gründer G, Hasan A, Brockhaus-Dumke A, Jäger M, Baumgärtner J, Leucht S, Schmidt-Kraepelin C. Identifying differential predictors for treatment response to amisulpride and olanzapine combination treatment versus each monotherapy in acutely ill patients with schizophrenia: Results of the COMBINE-study. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:383-391. [PMID: 38986385 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has been undertaken to predict treatment response (TR) to antipsychotics. Most studies address TR to antipsychotics in general and as monotherapy, however, it is unknown whether patients might respond favourably to a combination of antipsychotics. AIMS This study aimed to identify differential predictors for TR to monotherapy with amisulpride or olanzapine compared to a combination of antipsychotics. METHODS Post-hoc analysis was conducted of data collected from the COMBINE-study, a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Demographic and disease-related measures were gathered at baseline to predict TR after eight weeks defined by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Missing values were accounted for by a random replacement procedure. Attrition effects and multicollinearity were analysed and sets of logistic regression models were calculated for different treatment groups. RESULTS Of the 321 randomized patients, 201 completed procedures until week eight and 197 were included in the analyses. For all treatment groups, early TR after two weeks and high subjective well-being under antipsychotics at baseline were robust predictors for TR. The propensity for early side effects also indicated a higher risk of later non-response. Specific parameter estimates were rather similar between treatment groups. CONCLUSION Early TR, drug-related subjective well-being, and early side effect propensity evolved as predictors for later TR whether to monotherapy or combination strategy. Accordingly, due to a lack of differential predictors, early and close monitoring of targeted and unwanted effects is indicated to guide respective treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Galuba
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; LVR-Clinic Düsseldorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany.
| | - Joachim Cordes
- LVR-Clinic Düsseldorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany; Kaiserswerther Diakonie, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Sandra Feyerabend
- LVR-Clinic Düsseldorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany; Kaiserswerther Diakonie, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Mathias Riesbeck
- LVR-Clinic Düsseldorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Eva Meisenzahl-Lechner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, LVR Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf-Virchow-Klinikum Glauchau, Glauchau, Germany
| | - Andrea Neff
- LVR-Klinikum Langenfeld, Langenfeld, Germany
| | - Mathias Zink
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; District Hospital Mittelfranken, Ansbach, Germany
| | - Berthold Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Gründer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim - Heidelberg - Ulm, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig- Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, BKH Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Munich - Augsburg, Germany
| | - Anke Brockhaus-Dumke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 1 and 2, Rheinhessen-Fachklinik Alzey, Academic Hospital of the University of Mainz, Alzey, Germany; LVR-Klinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Jäger
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Günzburg, Germany; BKH Kempten, Kempten, Germany
| | - Jessica Baumgärtner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Leucht
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Munich - Augsburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt-Kraepelin
- LVR-Clinic Düsseldorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany; Kaiserswerther Diakonie, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
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Burke S. Hypoxia, NSAIDs, and autism: A biocultural analysis of stressors in gametogenesis. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24042. [PMID: 38282542 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultural and generational trends have increasingly favored "anti-inflammatory" action, innovating a new class of analgesic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the 20th century. The modern human body has been molded over evolutionary time and while acknowledging inflammation can be pathologically entwined, it also serves an important role in healthy folliculogenesis and ovulation, shaping cues that drive needed vascular change. This review argues that because of anti-inflammatory action, the cultural invention of NSAIDs represents a particular stressor on female reproductive-age bodies, interacting with natural, underlying variation and placing limits on healthy growth and development in the follicles, creating potential autism risk through hypoxia and mutagenic or epigenetic effects. Since testes are analogs to ovaries, the biological grounding extends naturally to spermatogenesis. This review suggests the introduction of over-the-counter NSAIDs in the 1980s failed to recognize the unique functioning of reproductive-age bodies, challenging the cyclical inflammation needed for healthy gamete development. NSAIDs are framed as one (notable) stressor in an anti-inflammatory era focused on taming the risks of inflammation in modern human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie Burke
- Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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216
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Shen Y, Chen D, Guo J, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Zhan S, You J. Co-developmental trajectories of suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents: Transdiagnostic predictors and association with suicide attempts. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024; 54:632-648. [PMID: 38529888 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent suicidal ideation (SI) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are crucial public health issues, yet their co-developmental trajectories during early adolescence and their associations with predictors and outcomes are unclear. This study aimed to (a) identify heterogeneous co-developmental trajectories of SI and NSSI, (b) explore associations between transdiagnostic predictors and trajectories, and (c) assess suicide attempt risk across trajectories. METHODS Four hundred fifty-three adolescents (Mage = 12.35 years, 48.3% boys) completed surveys at 6-month intervals across 2 years. At Time 1 (Nov 2020), participants completed surveys encompassing SI, and NSSI, along with family, peer, and individual predictors. Subsequent surveys (Times 2-4) measured SI and NSSI, with suicide attempts queried at Time 4. RESULTS Parallel process latent class growth models revealed three co-developmental groups (i.e., Stable low NSSI and SI; Moderate-NSSI and high-SI, parallel decreasing; High-NSSI and moderate-SI, parallel increasing). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that group membership was predicted by parental rejection, parental warmth, bullying victimization, depressive and anxiety symptoms, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness. Adolescents in the "High-NSSI and moderate-SI, parallel increasing" group reported the highest suicide attempt frequency. CONCLUSION These findings underscore subgroup distinctions and transdiagnostic predictors in comprehending SI and NSSI progression, emphasizing the necessity of dynamic monitoring and tailored interventions for distinct subgroup characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Shen
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danrui Chen
- Psychological Counseling Centre, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajing Zhang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiting Zhan
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing You
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Pesudovs K, Lansingh VC, Kempen JH, Tapply I, Fernandes AG, Cicinelli MV, Arrigo A, Leveziel N, Resnikoff S, Taylor HR, Sedighi T, Flaxman S, Bikbov MM, Braithwaite T, Bron A, Cheng CY, Del Monte MA, Ehrlich JR, Ellwein LB, Friedman D, Furtado JM, Gazzard G, George R, Hartnett ME, Jonas JB, Kahloun R, Khairallah M, Khanna RC, Leasher J, Little JA, Nangia V, Nowak M, Peto T, Ramulu P, Topouzis F, Tsilimbaris M, Wang YX, Wang N, Bourne R, Pesudovs K, Lansingh VC, Kempen JH, Tapply I, Fernandes AG, Cicinelli MV, Arrigo A, Leveziel N, Briant PS, Vos T, Resnikoff S, Flaxman S, Abate YH, Abdollahi M, Abdollahi M, Abebe AM, Abiodun O, Aboagye RG, Abrha WA, Abualruz H, Ali HA, Abu-Gharbieh E, Aburuz S, Adal TGG, Adane MM, Addo IY, Adnani QES, Afzal MS, Aghamiri S, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Ahmadi A, Ahmed A, Ahmed H, Alfaar AS, Ali A, Ali SSS, Altaf A, Amu H, Androudi S, Anguita R, Anil A, Anvari S, Anyasodor AE, Appiah F, Arabloo J, Arafat M, Areda D, Arefnezhad R, Aregawi BB, Asgedom AA, Ashraf T, Athari SS, Atinafu BTT, Atout MMW, Atreya A, Ayatollahi H, Azzam AY, Babamohamadi H, Bagherieh S, Bahurupi Y, Baig AA, Banik B, Bardhan M, Basu S, Batra K, Bayileyegn NS, Bazvand F, Beyene AS, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhatti JS, Bikbov M, Bineshfar N, Birck MG, Bitra VR, Braithwaite T, Burkart K, Bustanji Y, Butt ZA, dos Santos FLC, Cámera LA, Carneiro VLA, Cenderadewi M, Chandrasekar EK, Chattu VK, Chitranshi N, Chopra H, Chu DT, Coberly K, Coelho JM, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai X, Das S, Dascalu AM, Dashti M, Dastmardi M, Demessa BH, Demisse B, Dereje D, Derese AMA, Dervenis N, Devanbu VGC, Do TC, Do THP, dos Santos Figueiredo FW, Dziedzic AM, Edinur HA, Efendi F, Ehrlich JR, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, Sayed IE, Elhadi M, Emamian MH, Emamverdi M, Etemadimanesh A, Fagbamigbe AF, Fahim A, Farrokhpour H, Fatehizadeh A, Feizkhah A, Desideri LF, Fetensa G, Fischer F, Forouhari A, Foschi M, Fowobaje KR, Gaidhane AM, Gandhi AP, Gebregergis MWW, Gebrehiwot M, Gebremariam B, Gerema U, Ghassemi F, Ghozy S, Golechha M, Goleij P, Goulart BNG, Guan SY, Gudisa Z, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halimi A, Hallaj S, Hamidi S, Harorani M, Hasani H, Heyi DZ, Hoan NQ, Holla R, Hong SH, Hosseinzadeh M, Hu C, Huang JJ, Huynh HH, Ibitoye SE, Ilic IM, Immurana M, Islam MR, Islam SMS, Iwu CCD, Jacob L, Jairoun AA, Janodia MD, Jayaram S, Jindal HA, Jokar M, Joseph N, Joshua CE, Kadashetti V, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamath S, Kandel H, Kantar RS, Karaye IM, Kasraei H, Kaup S, Kaur N, Kaur RJ, Kayode GA, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khalilov R, Khatib MN, Kisa A, Kosen S, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kulimbet M, Kumar N, Kurmi OP, Lahariya C, Lan T, Landires I, Leasher JL, Lee M, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lim SS, Little JA, Mahajan PB, Maharaj SB, Mahmoudi A, Mahmoudi R, Malhotra K, Mallhi TH, Mansouri V, Manu E, Marzo RR, Maugeri A, McAlinden C, Mebratu W, Meto TM, Meng Y, Mersha AM, Mestrovic T, Minh LHN, Misganaw A, Mishra M, Misra S, Mohamed NS, Mohammadi S, Mohammed M, Mojiri-forushani H, Mokdad AH, Vardanjani HM, Moni MA, Montazeri F, Moradi M, Motappa R, Mousavi P, Mulita A, Murray CJL, Naik GR, Naik G, Nargus S, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Negaresh M, Negash H, Nguyen DH, Nguyen PT, Nguyen VT, Niazi RK, Okonji OC, Olagunju AT, Olatubi MI, Ordak M, Osuagwu UL, Otstavnov N, Owolabi MO, Padubidri JR, Pandey A, Panos GD, Pardhan S, Park S, Patel J, Pawar S, Peprah P, Petcu IR, Peyman A, Pham HT, Pourazizi M, Quan NK, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MHU, Rajaa S, Ramasamy SK, Ramasubramani P, Ranjan S, Rashidi MM, Rath RS, Rauf AU, Rawaf S, Damavandi AR, Redwan EMM, Roy P, Pramanik KR, Saadatian Z, Sabour S, Saddik B, Saeed U, Safi S, Safi SZ, Saghazadeh A, Sharif-Askari FS, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Sakshaug JW, Saleh MA, Samadzadeh S, Samodra YL, Samuel VP, Samy AM, Saravanan A, Selvaraj S, Semnani F, Senapati S, Sethi Y, Seyedi SA, Seylani A, Shaheen AA, Shahid S, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh MA, Sham S, Shamim MA, Shannawaz M, Shashamo BB, Shayan M, Shittu A, Shiue I, Shivakumar KM, Shorofi SA, Sibhat MM, Siddig EE, Silva JC, Singh JA, Singh P, Skiadaresi E, Solomon Y, Sousa RARC, Sreeramareddy CT, Starodubov VI, Subramaniam MD, Susanty S, Tabatabaei SM, Taye BT, Teklay G, Temsah MH, Terefa DR, Ticoalu JHV, Toma TM, Tsatsakis A, Tsegay GM, Tumurkhuu M, Tusa BS, Ty SS, Ubah CS, Umair M, Umar TP, Valizadeh R, Van den Eynde J, Watson SLW, Wonde TE, Wondimagegn GS, Xiao H, Yao Y, Nia IY, Yiğit A, Yismaw Y, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Yu C, Zastrozhin MS, Zhao H, Ziafati M, Zielińska M, Zikarg YT, Zoladl M, Steinmetz JD. Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:2156-2172. [PMID: 38461217 PMCID: PMC11269584 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-02961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by cataract and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of published population studies and gray literature from 2000 to 2020 was carried out to estimate global and regional trends. We developed prevalence estimates based on modeled distance visual impairment and blindness due to cataract, producing location-, year-, age-, and sex-specific estimates of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI presenting visual acuity <6/18, ≥3/60) and blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60). Estimates are age-standardized using the GBD standard population. RESULTS In 2020, among overall (all ages) 43.3 million blind and 295 million with MSVI, 17.0 million (39.6%) people were blind and 83.5 million (28.3%) had MSVI due to cataract blind 60% female, MSVI 59% female. From 1990 to 2020, the count of persons blind (MSVI) due to cataract increased by 29.7%(93.1%) whereas the age-standardized global prevalence of cataract-related blindness improved by -27.5% and MSVI increased by 7.2%. The contribution of cataract to the age-standardized prevalence of blindness exceeded the global figure only in South Asia (62.9%) and Southeast Asia and Oceania (47.9%). CONCLUSIONS The number of people blind and with MSVI due to cataract has risen over the past 30 years, despite a decrease in the age-standardized prevalence of cataract. This indicates that cataract treatment programs have been beneficial, but population growth and aging have outpaced their impact. Growing numbers of cataract blind indicate that more, better-directed, resources are needed to increase global capacity for cataract surgery.
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Ramsay M, Crampin AC, Bawah AA, Gitau E, Herbst K. The Value Proposition of Coordinated Population Cohorts Across Africa. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2024; 7:277-294. [PMID: 39178423 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-020722-015026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Building longitudinal population cohorts in Africa for coordinated research and surveillance can influence the setting of national health priorities, lead to the introduction of appropriate interventions, and provide evidence for targeted treatment, leading to better health across the continent. However, compared to cohorts from the global north, longitudinal continental African population cohorts remain scarce, are relatively small in size, and lack data complexity. As infections and noncommunicable diseases disproportionately affect Africa's approximately 1.4 billion inhabitants, African cohorts present a unique opportunity for research and surveillance. High genetic diversity in African populations and multiomic research studies, together with detailed phenotyping and clinical profiling, will be a treasure trove for discovery. The outcomes, including novel drug targets, biological pathways for disease, and gene-environment interactions, will boost precision medicine approaches, not only in Africa but across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;
| | - Amelia C Crampin
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Ayaga A Bawah
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Gitau
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kobus Herbst
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- South African Population Research Infrastructure Network, Department of Science and Innovation and South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
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219
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LaRaja A, Connor Y, Poulson MR. The effect of urban racial residential segregation on ovarian cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survival. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 187:163-169. [PMID: 38788513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of racial residential segregation on disparities between Black and White patients in stage at diagnosis, receipt of surgery, and survival. METHODS Subjects included Black and White patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between 2005 and 2015 obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Demographic data were obtained from the 2010 decennial census and 2013 American Community Survey. The exposure of interest was the index of dissimilarity (IOD), a validated measure of segregation. The outcomes of interest included relative risk of advanced stage at diagnosis and surgery for localized disease, 5-year overall and cancer-specific survival. RESULTS Black women were more likely to present with Stage IV ovarian cancer when compared to White (32% vs 25%, p < 0.001) and less often underwent surgical resection overall (64% vs 75%, p < 0.001). Increasing IOD was associated with a 25% increased risk of presenting at advanced stage for Black patients (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08, 1.45), and a 15% decrease for White patients (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73, 0.99). Increasing IOD was associated with an 18% decreased likelihood of undergoing surgical resection for black patients (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77, 0.87), but had no significant association for White patients (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96, 1.08). When compared to White patients in the lowest level of segregation, Black patients in the highest level of segregation had a 17% higher subhazard of death (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07, 1.27), while Black patients in the lowest level of segregation had no significant difference (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.99, 1.29). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the direct harm of historical government mandated segregation on Black women with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander LaRaja
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Yamicia Connor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael R Poulson
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
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Kim Y, Rangel J, Colabianchi N. Food Environments and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study. Am J Prev Med 2024; 67:201-209. [PMID: 38484903 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Residential food environments are one of the important determinants of cardiovascular health. However, past literature has been limited by short-term follow-ups, time-invariant environmental measurements at baseline, and/or not investigating both healthy and unhealthy aspects of the food environment. This study examines the effects of time-varying healthy and unhealthy food environments on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) over 10 years, extracting data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2016; N=10,413). METHODS Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed with inverse probability weighting to assess the association between time-varying food environmental measures (i.e., densities of grocery stores, supercenters/club stores, full-service restaurants, and fast-food restaurants) and incident CVD over 10 years. Education level and race/ethnicity were tested as potential moderators. Analyses were conducted in 2022-2023. RESULTS Race/ethnicity had a significant interaction effect with supercenters/club stores and indicated that a 1-standard-deviation increase in the density of supercenters/club stores was associated with a 6%-8% lower risk of incident CVD in non-Hispanic Black (HR=0.78, 95% CI=0.70-0.87) and Hispanic older adults (HR=0.69, 95% CI=0.50-0.96), but not non-Hispanic White older adults. Additionally, education had a significant interaction effect with full-service restaurants, indicating that a 1-standard-deviation increase in the density of full-service restaurants was associated with a 10% lower risk of incident CVD in individuals with 13+ years of schooling, but not those with 0-12 years of schooling. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that public policymakers should be aware of the benefits and nuances of varying food environment components as they can contribute to positive or negative cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas; School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas.
| | - Joseph Rangel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
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Caryl F, McCrorie P, Olsen JR, Mitchell R. Use of natural environments is associated with reduced inequalities in child mental wellbeing: A cross-sectional analysis using global positioning system (GPS) data. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108847. [PMID: 38936067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to natural environments may benefit child mental wellbeing whilst offering a lever to reduce health inequalities. However, understanding of these relationships is limited by evidence from indirect measures of exposure. We objectively measured children's direct use of natural environments-and use in low or high physical activity (PA) states-and associated this with their mental wellbeing. We then examined moderation by sex and household income. Using global positioning system and accelerometry data from children (n = 640), we measured mean daily time in natural environments ('total use'), which we stratified by PA level as 'passive use' (sedentary and light PA) and 'active use' (moderate and vigorous PA). Logistic regression associated exposures with dichotomised Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire outcomes (internalising difficulties; externalising difficulties; prosocial behaviour), with interactions to examine moderation. A 10-minute increase in total use was associated with 10.5 % lower risk of abnormal internalising outcomes (OR: 0.895; 95 % CI 0.809, 0.990), and 13.2 % lower risk of abnormal externalising outcomes (OR: 0.868; 95 % CI 0.776, 0.990). This suggests that ∼ 60 min of daily total use was associated with 50 % lower risk of abnormal internalising and externalising outcomes. The relative effects of passive and active use were equal, but their associations were moderated by income independently for specific outcomes. For externalising outcomes, the risk of abnormal scores in lower-income children reduced as passive use increased (P = 0.027) but remained constant for higher-income children. For prosocial outcomes, the likelihood of normal scores increased with active use in lower-income children, but not higher-income children (P = 0.005). Sex did not moderate these associations. The findings suggest that targeted interventions supporting disadvantaged children to use natural environments could help address inequalities in mental wellbeing. Further, the moderated associations with types of use suggest the equigenic effects of natural environments may operate through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Caryl
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Paul McCrorie
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan R Olsen
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow, UK
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DeBlieux PJ, Alexander LF, Nookala N, Nereim C. A Review of Community-Based Gun Violence Prevention Programs and the Physician's Role. Adv Pediatr 2024; 71:41-54. [PMID: 38944488 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Gun violence (GV) and safety is a contentious topic in the United States, despite increasing morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents. It is important for physicians to take a role in preventing future GV. This article aims to present several methods that physicians can use to prevent GV in their own communities, ranging from implementation of large-scale intervention programs to simple screenings and anticipatory guidance. As the problem of GV persists, it is important for physicians to use their role to identify individuals who are at high-risk and advocate for changes that will benefit their future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige J DeBlieux
- General Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lara F Alexander
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Cameron Nereim
- USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Bandara S, Byrne L, Berman V, Hurst A, King D, Gibbons JB, Sugarman OK, Livingston A, Kerins L, Hulsey EG, Alves A, Saloner B. Harm Reduction and Treatment Among People at High Risk of Overdose. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2427241. [PMID: 39133486 PMCID: PMC11320172 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.27241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Rates of overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids remain high, increasingly involve stimulants combined with opioids, and are increasing rapidly in racially and ethnically minoritized communities, yet little is known about access to harm reduction and treatment services in these groups. Objective To characterize access and barriers to harm reduction and treatment in a racially and ethnically diverse population of people who use drugs. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional telephone survey of people recruited from 39 treatment, harm reduction, and social service organizations in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin; Flint and Detroit, Michigan; and statewide in New Jersey was conducted from January 30 to July 28, 2023. Adults who used cocaine, methamphetamine, or opioids in the past 30 days called a study hotline and completed an interview in English or Spanish. Exposures Overdose experience, drug types used (opioids only, stimulants only, and polysubstance), and social risk factors (eg, financial instability and criminal legal involvement). Main Outcomes and Measures Recent use of any harm reduction services, fentanyl test strips, naloxone possession, treatment, and self-reported barriers to services. Results Of the total sample of 1240 adults, 486 (39.2%) were Black non-Hispanic, 183 (14.8%) were Hispanic, and 464 (37.4%) were White non-Hispanic. In the past 30 days, 826 individuals (66.6%) were polysubstance users, 135 (10.9%) used only opioids, and 279 (22.5%) used only stimulants. A total of 349 respondents (28.1%) experienced a prior-year overdose. Compared with those without a prior-year overdose, people with overdose were more likely to possess naloxone (80.7% vs 68.2%; P < .001), possess fentanyl test strips (36.8% vs 23.5%; P < .001), and use harm reduction services (63.4% vs 53.0%; P = .003), while differences in treatment use were nonsignificant (52.0% vs 46.6%; P = .24). Among stimulant-only users, 51.4% possessed naloxone compared with 77.3% of opioid-only users (P < .001) and 77.6% of polysubstance users (P < .001), with similar disparities in fentanyl test strip possession. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of people who used drugs in the past 30 days, findings highlighted low use of harm reduction and treatment services among people who use stimulants. Additional communication regarding their importance may help increase the use of the services amidst a rapidly changing drug supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachini Bandara
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lauren Byrne
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vanessa Berman
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Olivia K. Sugarman
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amy Livingston
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Brendan Saloner
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abdolizadeh A, Hosseini Kupaei M, Kambari Y, Amaev A, Korann V, Torres-Carmona E, Song J, Ueno F, Koizumi MT, Nakajima S, Agarwal SM, Gerretsen P, Graff-Guerrero A. The effect of second-generation antipsychotics on anxiety/depression in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:11-36. [PMID: 38843584 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the high prevalence of anxiety in schizophrenia, no established guideline exists for the management of these symptoms. We aimed to synthesize evidence on the effect of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) on anxiety in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We systematically searched Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane library to identify randomized controlled trials of SGAs that reporting anxiety measures in schizophrenia. The search was limited to English-language articles published before February 2024. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS Among 48 eligible studies, 29 (n = 7712) were included in the meta-analyses comparing SGAs to placebo, haloperidol, or another SGAs for their effect on anxiety/depression. SGAs had a small effect on anxiety/depression versus placebo (SMD = -0.28 (95 % CI [-0.34, -0.21], p < .00001, I2 = 47 %, n = 5576)) associated with efficacy for positive (z = 5.679, p < .001) and negative symptoms (z = 4.490, p < .001). Furthermore, SGAs were superior to haloperidol (SMD = -0.44, 95 % CI [-0.75, -0.13], p = .005, n = 1068) with substantial study-level heterogeneity (I2 = 85 %). Excluding one study of quetiapine in first-episode patients (SMD = -3.05, n = 73), SGAs showed a small effect on anxiety/depression versus haloperidol without heterogeneity (SMD = -0.23, 95 % CI [-0.35, -0.12], p = 01; I2 = %0). Risperidone's effect on anxiety/depression was comparable to olanzapine (SMD = -0.02, 95 % CI [-0.24,0.20], p = .87, I2 = 45 %, n = 753) and amisulpride (SMD = 0.27, 95 % CI [-1.08,0.61], p = .13, I2 = 50 %, n = 315). CONCLUSION While SGAs showed a small effect on anxiety/depression, the findings are inconclusive due to scarcity of research on comorbid anxiety in schizophrenia, heterogeneity of anxiety symptoms, and the scales used to measure anxiety. Further studies employing specific anxiety scales are required to explore antipsychotics, considering their receptor affinity and augmentation with serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or benzodiazepines for managing anxiety in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdolizadeh
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yasaman Kambari
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aron Amaev
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vittal Korann
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edgardo Torres-Carmona
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jianmeng Song
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michel-Teruki Koizumi
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Ceolin C, Papa MV, Scala A, Sergi G, Garolla A. Getting old in the desired gender: a systematic review on aging diseases in transgender people. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1851-1862. [PMID: 38904914 PMCID: PMC11266207 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The growing demographic presence of the transgender (TGD) population has sparked an increase in clinical investigations focusing on the impacts of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) in adults with gender dysphoria. Despite this surge in studies, there remains a significant gap in the literature regarding the health status of older TGD individuals. This review aims to assess prevalent pathological conditions within the TGD population, specifically concentrating on aging-related diseases investigated to date. METHODS A systematic search across Embase Ovid, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify articles reporting on the aging process in TGD individuals. Methodological quality was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) scores. RESULTS Initial database searches yielded 12,688 studies, which were refined to 18 through elimination of duplicates and title/abstract review. Following a comprehensive appraisal, nine studies were included in the systematic review. These articles, published between 2017 and 2023, involved a total of 5403 participants. The evidence indicates a noteworthy percentage of the TGD population being at risk for cardiovascular diseases, experiencing depression or disability, and demonstrating hesitancy toward major recommended screening programs. CONCLUSIONS Limited studies on older TGD individuals highlight not only an organic risk of chronic diseases but also a cognitive/psychiatric risk that should not be underestimated. Further research is imperative to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the health challenges faced by older TGD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ceolin
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
- Regional Reference Center for Gender Incongruence (CRRIG), Padua, Veneto, Italy.
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Aging Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - M V Papa
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - A Scala
- Regional Reference Center for Gender Incongruence (CRRIG), Padua, Veneto, Italy
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - G Sergi
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Gender Incongruence (CRRIG), Padua, Veneto, Italy
| | - A Garolla
- Regional Reference Center for Gender Incongruence (CRRIG), Padua, Veneto, Italy
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Christopher CM, Blebil AQ, Bhuvan KC, Alex D, Ibrahim MIM, Ismail N, Cheong MWL. Assessing feasibility of conducting medication review with follow-up among older adults at community pharmacy: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:843-853. [PMID: 38635115 PMCID: PMC11286689 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-024-01711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication review with follow-up is essential for optimising medication utilisation among the older adult population in primary healthcare. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing medication reviews with follow-up for older adults in community pharmacies and examined potential outcomes on medication use. METHOD A pilot randomised controlled trial was conducted with 4 cluster-randomised community pharmacies to assess the feasibility of the intervention. Two community pharmacies served as intervention and control groups. Both groups recruited older adults over 60 who were followed over 6 months. The translated Medication use Questionnaire (MedUseQ) was administered at baseline and 6 months for both groups. The outcomes were to assess the feasibility of conducting medication review with follow-up and the probable medication use outcomes from the intervention. RESULTS The intervention and control groups comprised 14 and 13 older adults. A total of 35 recommendations were made by pharmacists in the intervention group and 8 in the control group. MedUseQ was easily administered, providing some evidence the feasibility of the intervention. However, there were feasibility challenges such as a lack of pharmacists, collaborative practice, difficulties with the tool language, time constraints, and limited funds. Questionnaire results provided a signal of improvement in medication administration, adherence, and polypharmacy among intervention participants. The incidence of drug related problems was significantly higher in the control group (median = 1) after 6 months, U = 15, z = - 2.98, p = 0.01. CONCLUSION Medication review with follow-up is potentialy practical in community pharmacies, but there are feasibility issues. While these challenges can be addressed, it is essential to study larger sample sizes to establish more robust evidence regarding outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT05297461.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Qais Blebil
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K C Bhuvan
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Deepa Alex
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Geriatrics and Healthy Living, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Norhasimah Ismail
- Bayan Lepas Health Clinic, Ministry of Health, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mark Wing Loong Cheong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Weheba A, Vertigan A, Abdelsayad A, Tarlo SM. Respiratory Diseases Associated With Wildfire Exposure in Outdoor Workers. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1989-1996. [PMID: 38548173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Wildfires, including forest fires, bushfires, and landscape fires, have become increasingly prevalent, fueled by climate change and environmental factors and posing significant challenges to both ecosystems and public health. This review article examines the relationship between wildfires and respiratory diseases in outdoor workers, with a main focus on airway disease. In addition to the expected effects of direct thermal respiratory injuries and possible carbon monoxide poisoning, there are associations between wildfires and upper and lower respiratory effects, including infections as well as exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A few studies have also shown an increased risk of new-onset asthma among wildfire firefighters. Outdoor workers are likely to have greater exposure to wildfire smoke with associated increased risks of adverse effects. As wildfires become increasingly prevalent globally, it is crucial to understand the various dimensions of this association. Furthermore, this review addresses preventive measures and potential interventions to alleviate the airway burden on individuals during and after work with wildfires events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Weheba
- Toronto Metropolitan University, Faculty of Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Vertigan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Speech Pathology Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abeer Abdelsayad
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Respiratory Division, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M Tarlo
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Respiratory Division, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana Department of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Claes PA, Hanff DF, Weir A, Riedstra NS, Weinans H, Eygendaal D, Heerey J, Oei EH, van Klij P, Agricola R. The Association Between the Development of Cam Morphology During Skeletal Growth in High-Impact Athletes and the Presence of Cartilage Loss and Labral Damage in Adulthood: A Prospective Cohort Study With a 12-Year Follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:2555-2564. [PMID: 39101608 PMCID: PMC11344970 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241256123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cam morphology develops during skeletal growth, but its influence on cartilage and the labrum in high-impact athletes later in life is unknown. PURPOSE To (1) explore the association between the presence and duration of cam morphology during adolescence and the cartilage and labral status 7 to 12 years later and (2) report the prevalence of cartilage loss and labral damage in a population of young male athletes (<32 years old) who played professional soccer during skeletal growth. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study (Prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS A total of 89 healthy male academy soccer players from the Dutch soccer club Feyenoord (aged 12-19 years) were included at baseline. At baseline and 2.5- and 5-year follow-ups, standardized supine anteroposterior pelvis and frog-leg lateral radiographs of each hip were obtained. At 12-year follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging of both hips was performed. Cam morphology was defined by a validated alpha angle ≥60° on radiographs at baseline or 2.5- or 5-year follow-up when the growth plates were closed. Hips with the presence of cam morphology at baseline or at 2.5-year follow-up were classified as having a "longer duration" of cam morphology. Hips with cam morphology only present since 5-year follow-up were classified as having a "shorter duration" of cam morphology. At 12-year follow-up, cartilage loss and labral abnormalities were assessed semiquantitatively. Associations were estimated using logistic regression, adjusted for age and body mass index. RESULTS Overall, 35 patients (70 hips) with a mean age of 28.0 ± 2.0 years and mean body mass index of 24.1 ± 1.8 participated at 12-year follow-up. Cam morphology was present in 56 of 70 hips (80%). The prevalence of cartilage loss was 52% in hips with cam morphology and 21% in hips without cam morphology (adjusted odds ratio, 4.52 [95% CI, 1.16-17.61]; P = .03). A labral abnormality was present in 77% of hips with cam morphology and in 64% of hips without cam morphology (adjusted odds ratio, 1.99 [95% CI, 0.59-6.73]; P = .27). The duration of cam morphology did not influence these associations. CONCLUSION The development of cam morphology during skeletal growth was associated with future magnetic resonance imaging findings consistent with cartilage loss in young adults but not with labral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A.M. Claes
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David F. Hanff
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adam Weir
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Sports Groin Pain Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noortje S. Riedstra
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Eygendaal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josh Heerey
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edwin H.G. Oei
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van Klij
- Department of Sports Medicine, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Rintje Agricola
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Von Benecke JP, Tarsitano E, Zimmermann LMA, Shakesheff KM, Walsh WR, Bae HW. A Narrative Review on Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2: Where Are We Now? Cureus 2024; 16:e67785. [PMID: 39188335 PMCID: PMC11346822 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal fusion is a prevalent surgical intervention for degenerative spinal diseases, with increasing demand driven by ageing populations. The coexistence of multiple chronic conditions, termed multimorbidity, often complicates surgical outcomes, making advanced bone grafts crucial for successful fusions. This paper reviews the development, clinical application, and controversies surrounding the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in spinal fusion surgeries. A comprehensive narrative review was conducted, focusing on literature from January 1980 to January 2024, sourced from PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies included those examining rhBMP-2 specifically in spinal fusion contexts, excluding other bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and non-spinal applications. This review presents an overarching synopsis of rhBMP-2, its development history and clinical efficacy, the emergence of side effects, and evolving patterns of clinical use. As discussed in this review, clinical practice has adjusted usage and dosages to mitigate adverse effects, yet the need for safer delivery mechanisms persists. rhBMP-2 remains a potent osteoinductive agent with comparable fusion success, as measured by radiographic fusion and good clinical outcomes, to autologous grafts but poses unique risks. This review sets out how further research is essential to optimise the delivery of rhBMP-2 to reduce side effects. Enhanced understanding and innovation of spatio-temporal presentation relative to endogenous BMP could significantly improve patient outcomes in spinal fusion surgeries. The review contributes to the growing body of literature on the use of rhBMP-2 in spine surgery and discusses changing patterns of clinical use over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - William R Walsh
- School of Clinical Medicine, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Syndey, AUS
| | - Hyun W Bae
- Orthopaedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
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230
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Kehm RD, Li J, Cone JE. Racial and ethnic disparities in mortality among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees with post-9/11 cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70071. [PMID: 39190574 PMCID: PMC11348902 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are well-documented racial and ethnic disparities in mortality after cancer in the general population, but less is known about whether disparities also exist in disaster-exposed populations. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 4341 enrollees in the World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR) with a first-ever primary invasive cancer diagnosis after 9/11/2001 and followed through 2020. We examined associations of race and ethnicity with all-cause mortality risk and cause-specific mortality risk using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models and Fine and Gray's proportional sub-distribution hazards models, respectively. Models were adjusted for baseline characteristics and tumor characteristics. We also examined models further adjusted for socioeconomic status (SES), and we used inverse odds weighting to formally test for mediation by SES. RESULTS Compared to non-Hispanic White enrollees with cancer, non-Hispanic Blacks had higher risks for all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.02-1.41) and non-cancer mortality (aHR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.09-2.01) in the full model. In the model without SES, Hispanic enrollees with cancer had higher risks for all-cause mortality (aHR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09-1.60) and cancer mortality (aHR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.05-1.64) compared to non-Hispanic Whites; these associations became not statistically significant in the full model. In the inverse odds weighting analysis, SES explained 24% and 29% of the disparity in all-cause mortality risk observed in non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics, respectively, compared to non-Hispanic Whites. CONCLUSION This study found that there are racial and ethnic disparities in mortality after cancer in the WTCHR. Additional studies are needed to further explore the factors mediating these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D. Kehm
- New York City Department of Health and Mental HygieneWorld Trade Center Health RegistryLong Island CityNew YorkUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jiehui Li
- New York City Department of Health and Mental HygieneWorld Trade Center Health RegistryLong Island CityNew YorkUSA
| | - James E. Cone
- New York City Department of Health and Mental HygieneWorld Trade Center Health RegistryLong Island CityNew YorkUSA
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231
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Lehman J, Balangoy D, Mejia AP, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Marek S, Randolph AC. Negligence in biomedical research: an anti-racist approach for substance use researchers. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1401221. [PMID: 39145167 PMCID: PMC11322128 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1401221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Racism is embedded in the fabric of society at structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, and interpersonal levels, working as a mechanism that drives health disparities. In particular, stigmatized views of substance use get entangled with racialization, serving as a tool to uphold oppressive systems. While national health institutions have made commitments to dismantle these systems in the United States, anti-racism has not been integrated into biomedical research practice. The ways in which substance use researchers use and interpret race data-without engaging in structural racism as a mechanism of health inequity-can only be described as inadequate. Drawing upon concepts from the Public Health Critical Race praxis, QuantCrit, and an anti-racism research framework, we recommend a set of guidelines to help biomedical researchers conceptualize and engage with race more responsibly in substance use research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lehman
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Danniella Balangoy
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Angie P. Mejia
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Scott Marek
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Neuroimaging Labs Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- AI Institute for Health, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anita C. Randolph
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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232
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Singh BB, Dhand NK, Cadmus S, Dean AS, Merle CS. Systematic review of bovine and zoonotic tuberculosis in the Western Pacific and the Southeast Asia regions of the World Health Organization. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345328. [PMID: 39165781 PMCID: PMC11334259 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We conducted this systematic review to understand the distribution of bovine and zoonotic tuberculosis in the World Health Organization (WHO)'s Southeast Asia Region (SEAR) and Western Pacific Region (WPR) to inform our understanding of the risk posed by this disease. Methods A two-pronged strategy was used by evaluating data from peer-reviewed literature and official reports. A systematic search was conducted using a structured query in four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and PubMed) to identify any reports of the occurrence of zoonotic TB. No language and time constraints were used during the search, but non-English language articles were later excluded. The official data were sourced from the World Organization for Animal Health's (WOAH) World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) and WHO's global TB database. Results The retrieved records from SEAR and WPR (n = 113) were screened for eligibility, and data about disease occurrence were extracted and tabulated. In SEAR, all of the five studies that conducted Mycobacterium speciation (5/6) in humans were from India, and the reported Mycobacterium species included M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. scrofulacium, M. kansasii, M. phlei, M. smegmatis and M. orygis. In WPR, Mycobacterium speciation investigations in humans were conducted in Australia (8), China (2), Japan (2), NewZealand (2) and Malaysia (1), and the reported Mycobacterium species included M. bovis, M. africanum and M. tuberculosis. Seven countries in WHO's SEAR have officially reported the occurrence of Mycobacterium bovis in their animals: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand. In WPR, the WAHIS information system includes reports of the identification of M. bovis from 11 countries - China, Fiji, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, New Zealand, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Tonga and Viet Nam. In contrast, human zoonotic TB cases in the WHO database were only listed from Australia, Brunei Darussalam and Palau countries. Discussion The available data suggests under-reporting of zoonotic TB in the regions. Efforts are required to strengthen zoonotic TB surveillance systems from both animal and human health sides to better understand the impact of zoonotic TB in order to take appropriate action to achieve the goal of ending the TB epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbir B. Singh
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navneet K. Dhand
- One Health Epi Consulting, Glenfield, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simeon Cadmus
- Centre for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anna S. Dean
- Global Tuberculosis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Corinne S. Merle
- Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Patel R, Dembek C, Won Y, Kadakia A, Huang X, Zeni C, Pikalov A. A real-world data analysis of electronic health records to investigate the associations of predominant negative symptoms with healthcare resource utilisation, costs and treatment patterns among patients with schizophrenia. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084613. [PMID: 39089713 PMCID: PMC11293408 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Negative symptoms in schizophrenia are associated with significant illness burden. We sought to investigate clinical outcomes for patients with schizophrenia who present with predominant negative symptoms (PNS) vs without PNS. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data. SETTING 25 US providers of mental healthcare. PARTICIPANTS 4444 adults with schizophrenia receiving care between 1999 and 2020. EXPOSURE PNS defined as ≥3 negative symptoms and ≤3 positive symptoms recorded in EHR data at the time of the first recorded schizophrenia diagnosis (index date). Symptom data were ascertained using natural language processing applied to semistructured free text records documenting the mental state examination. A matched sample (1:1) of patients without PNS was used to compare outcomes. Follow-up data were obtained up to 12 months following the index date. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Mean number of psychiatric hospital admissions. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Mean number of outpatient visits, estimated treatment costs, Clinical Global Impression - Severity score and antipsychotic treatments (12 months before and after index date). RESULTS 360 (8%) patients had PNS and 4084 (92%) did not have PNS. Patients with PNS were younger (36.4 vs 39.7 years, p<0.001) with a greater prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (schizoaffective disorders: 25.0 vs 18.4%, p=0.003; major depressive disorder: 17.8 vs 9.8%, p<0.001). During follow-up, patients with PNS had fewer days with an antipsychotic prescription (mean=111.8 vs 140.9 days, p<0.001). Compared with matched patients without PNS, patients with PNS were more likely to have a psychiatric inpatient hospitalisation (76.1% vs 59.7%, p<0.001) and had greater estimated inpatient costs ($16 893 vs $13 732, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Patients with PNS were younger and presented with greater illness severity and more psychiatric comorbidities compared with patients without PNS. Our findings highlight an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches to address negative symptoms to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carole Dembek
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yida Won
- Holmusk Technologies Inc, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aditi Kadakia
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xueyan Huang
- Holmusk Technologies Inc, New York, New York, USA
| | - Courtney Zeni
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
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Ohno T, Kikuchi T, Suzuki Y, Goto R, Takeuchi D, Hayashi JI, Nishida E, Yamamoto G, Kondo S, Ono K, Nomoto S, Mitani A. Periodontitis promotes hepatocellular carcinoma in Stelic Animal model (STAM) mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17560. [PMID: 39080409 PMCID: PMC11289391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease that leads to alveolar bone loss and may exert an adverse impact on systemic health. Periodontal disease may be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the mechanism of such an association is unknown. In this study, Stelic Animal model (STAM) mice, a model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-HCC, were induced to develop periodontitis and subjected to histopathological and immunological analyses. HCC progression was greater in STAM mice with experimental periodontitis compared with that in STAM mice without experimental periodontitis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), collagen 1, and angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) gene expression was significantly increased in the liver of the periodontitis group. ANGPTL2 was previously reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and HCC and ANGPTL2 protein tended to be more abundant in the pocket epithelium of STAM mice with experimental periodontitis than in control STAM mice. ANGPTL2 levels in the serum of STAM mice with experimental periodontitis tended to be higher than in control STAM mice. Our results indicate that ANGPTL2 is produced in chronically inflamed periodontal tissue and then travels to the liver via the bloodstream where it accumulates to promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Ohno
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Ryoma Goto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Daiki Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Eisaku Nishida
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Genta Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Shun Kondo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Kouta Ono
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
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Nevarez Flores AG, Martin A, Bartkowiak-Theron I, Makin J, Norris K, Castle D, Neil AL. The impact of suicide registers and other monitoring systems on suicide prevention: A scoping review. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024:207640241261164. [PMID: 39076149 DOI: 10.1177/00207640241261164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreasing suicide mortality has become an overarching goal for societies worldwide. Suicide registers and other monitoring systems are a valuable source of information that can be used for addressing the suicide phenomenon and evaluating preventative interventions. AIMS This scoping review provides an overview of literature published in the last decade that has focussed on the operations (functioning) and characteristics of suicide registers and other suicide monitoring systems. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched in 2020 for identifying published material from January 2010 to October 2020. The searches were updated in October 2023 to include material from 2020 to date. Grey literature through Google searches and mental health commissions websites and the reference lists of selected documents were also searched. RESULTS Twenty-five articles were included in this review. Nearly half the articles were from the United States, followed by Australia. Nine countries were identified as having used suicide registers or suicide-specific monitoring systems to inform suicide prevention. Monitoring mechanisms varied across the countries examined. No article provided evidence that definitively linked suicide registers or other monitoring systems for suicide with the prevention of suicide or reduction in suicide rates. However, a variety of benefits of suicide monitoring for preventative and public health interventions were identified. CONCLUSIONS The number of nations with surveillance systems for suicide prevention is low. Further, there is a lack of consistency in the systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of suicide-related information across the countries examined. Efforts to establish high-quality suicide surveillance systems that can be accessed in a timely and easy manner are needed to inform tailored strategies for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana G Nevarez Flores
- Tasmanian Centre for Mental Health Service Innovation, Tasmanian Health Service, Hobart, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Angela Martin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Isabelle Bartkowiak-Theron
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Tasmanian Institute of Law Enforcement Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jennifer Makin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Kimberley Norris
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - David Castle
- Tasmanian Centre for Mental Health Service Innovation, Tasmanian Health Service, Hobart, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Amanda L Neil
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Yalvaç S, Akyıldız D, Dönmez A. A qualitative study of women's experiences of vaginal douching in Türkiye. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39078387 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2024.2384701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Vaginal douching, a practice that has existed for many years, is defined as the process of intravaginal cleansing using a liquid solution. Despite its negative consequences with respect to health, vaginal douching is widely practised in many countries. This study sought to examine the vaginal douching experiences of women in the southeastern region of Türkiye. We used a phenomenological approach with semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted between January and June 2022. Participants were 20 women who either currently practised vaginal douching or had stopped practising it at some point in their lives. The women were admitted to the obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient clinic of a district state hospital in Eastern Turkey for care and treatment. The data collected from the respondents were categorised into five thematic areas: sources of information about douching; reasons for doing so; as well as frequency, methods, and feelings about douching. The findings provide a rich source of information about each of these areas. These findings may help inform future studies on the prevention of vaginal douching in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Yalvaç
- Gölbaşı District State Hospital, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Akyıldız
- Division of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Türkiye
| | - Ayşegül Dönmez
- Division of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Tinaztepe University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Pena GP. Cancer incidence in ELSA-Brasil: Making the case for population based cancer registries in Brazil. Cancer Epidemiol 2024:102638. [PMID: 39084964 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Patrus Pena
- Population Based Cancer Registry of Belo Horizonte MG Brasil - Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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238
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Ormond C, Ryan NM, Hedman AM, Cannon TD, Sullivan PF, Gill M, Hultman C, Heron EA, Johansson V, Corvin A. Whole genome sequencing study of identical twins discordant for psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:313. [PMID: 39080272 PMCID: PMC11289105 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Monozygotic (MZ) twins are often thought to have identical genomes, but recent work has shown that early post-zygotic events can result in a spectrum of DNA variants that are different between MZ twins. Such variants may explain phenotypic discordance and contribute to disease etiology. Here we performed whole genome sequencing in 17 pairs of MZ twins discordant for a psychotic disorder (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder). We examined various classes of rare variants that are discordant within a twin pair. We identified four genes harboring rare, predicted deleterious missense variants that were private to an affected individual in the cohort. Variants in FOXN1 and FLOT2 would have been categorized as damaging from recent schizophrenia and bipolar exome sequencing studies. Additionally, we identified four rare genic copy number variants (CNVs) private to an affected sample, two of which overlapped genes that have shown evidence for association with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. One such CNV was a 3q29 duplication previously implicated in autism and developmental delay. We have performed the largest MZ twin study for discordant psychotic phenotypes to date. These findings warrant further investigation using other analytical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal Ormond
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh M Ryan
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna M Hedman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christina Hultman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth A Heron
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viktoria Johansson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Salvadé A, Golay P, Abrahamyan L, Bonnarel V, Solida A, Alameda L, Ramain J, Conus P. Gender differences in first episode psychosis: Some arguments to develop gender specific treatment strategies. Schizophr Res 2024; 271:300-308. [PMID: 39084105 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some aspects of gender differences in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have been studied, especially in cross-sectional designs and with a short-term follow-up. However, only a few studies have considered the evolution during the follow-up of SSD patients according to their gender. In this study, we explore gender differences from the time of entry in an early intervention program for psychosis, up to three years follow-up. METHODS We conducted a prospective study including a cohort of 474 patients treated at the Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis (TIPP) program, 319 men and 155 women, having presented a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Data regarding premorbid and baseline sociodemographic, psychopathological and patient functioning, were collected. These data were reassessed longitudinally after 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months after entry in TIPP. RESULTS Regarding premorbid and baseline characteristics, woman developed threshold symptoms of a FEP 1 year later than men on average. Women were more likely to be married, men were more likely to live in pension or care home facility or to be homeless. Women displayed a higher rate of history of suicide attempts and exposure to childhood trauma, while men were more likely to have a forensic history, a history of abuse of alcohol and cannabis as well as a dependency to cannabis at the time of entry in TIPP. Regarding evolution, men were more prone to violent acts and were less likely to decrease their usage of substances. The longitudinal analysis highlighted that men displayed greater negative symptoms over the entire treatment period, lower functioning after 6 months and on all assessment points after. Both genders displayed similar rate of improvement in these 3 dimensions over time. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that there are some gender differences in the early phase of psychosis that may require differentiation of assessment and treatment to improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Salvadé
- General Psychiatry Service, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Golay
- General Psychiatry Service, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Community Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lilith Abrahamyan
- General Psychiatry Service, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Bonnarel
- General Psychiatry Service, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Solida
- General Psychiatry Service, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Département de psychiatrie de l'adulte II, Centre Neuchâtelois de Psychiatrie, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Luis Alameda
- General Psychiatry Service, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College of London, London, UK; Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julie Ramain
- General Psychiatry Service, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Training and Research Institute in Mental Health (IFRSM), Neuchâtel Centre of Psychiatry, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- General Psychiatry Service, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Brooke J, Rybacka M, Sarwan S, Ojo O. An exploration of nursing students' lived experience of clinical placement in adult male prisons: A phenomenological study. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39072785 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore nursing students' lived experience of a clinical placement within healthcare in a prison, to gain an insight into the support provided prior to and during this unique clinical placement. DESIGN An inductive phenomenological study. METHODS Participants included 14 nursing students from three undergraduate nursing programmes in England, Adult (n = 4), Learning Disability (n = 3) and Mental Health (n = 7). Following a clinical placement in a prison, each participant completed a semistructured audio-recorded interview on MS Teams between October and December 2021. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was completed. RESULTS Two overarching themes were identified, 'shock' due to the (a) reality of prison; (b) overwhelming emotional impact and (c) frequency and severity of self-harm and 'surprise' due to (a) the need to work with prison officers; (b) recognizing and addressing preconceptions of people in prison and (c) the development of clinical knowledge, skills and becoming a nurse. CONCLUSIONS The need remains for a comprehensive strategy of preparation and orientation for nursing students before commencing a clinical placement in prison, which includes the development of knowledge and clinical skills to support the complex health and social care needs of people in prison. IMPACT Our research identified the support provided to nursing students prior to clinical placement in prison varies considerably. The development of a preparation and orientation programme has the potential to reduce pre-placement anxiety, emotional burden and support nursing students in addressing their preconceptions of people in prison. This approach is essential to support future nursing students to embrace the unique opportunity of a clinical placement within a prison, enhance their clinical knowledge and skills, and develop as a nurse. REPORTING METHOD Our paper adheres to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS STUDY None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Brooke
- Centre of Social Care, Health, and Related Research, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Monika Rybacka
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Shubhangi Sarwan
- Centre of Social Care, Health, and Related Research, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Omorogieva Ojo
- School of Health Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK
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241
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Sankoh M, Clifford J, Peterson RE, Prom-Wormley E. Racial and ethnic differences in comorbid psychosis: a population-based study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1280253. [PMID: 39140109 PMCID: PMC11320602 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1280253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Differences in the prevalence of psychiatric conditions such as psychosis as well as patterns of comorbidity for psychosis have been reported between racial and ethnic groups. It is unclear whether those differences are consistent for comorbid psychosis. Methods Self-reported diagnostic data from American adults ages 18-99 participating in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES) (N ~ 11,844) were used to test the association between four racial and ethnic group categories (White, Asian, Hispanic, Black) and comorbid psychosis. Comorbid psychosis was measured as a 4-level categorical variable (No mental illness nor psychosis, Mental Illness, Psychosis only, comorbid psychosis (i.e., Psychosis + Mental Illness). Chi-square tests were used to determine significant differences in the prevalence of comorbid psychosis by race and ethnicity. A multinomial logistic regression was used to test the association between racial and ethnic classifications and comorbid psychosis after adjusting for common demographic characteristics (i.e., education, sex, income, and age). Results Relative to White participants, Hispanic and Asian participants were less likely to be affected with comorbid psychosis. (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AORAsian = 0.32, CI = 0.22 - 0.47, p <0.0001, AORHispanic = 0.66, CI = 0.48 - 0.92, p = 0.012). Relative to White participants there was not significant association for comorbid psychosis in Black participants (AORBlack = 0.91, CI = 0.70 - 1.20, p = 0.52) In contrast Hispanic and Black participants were more likely to report psychosis alone (AORHispanic = 1.94, CI = 1.27-2.98, p = 0.002, AORBlack = 1.86, 1.24-2.82, p = 0.003) compared to White participants. Conclusion There were different patterns of associations by race and ethnicity for psychosis and comorbid psychosis. The lower prevalence of comorbid psychosis in non-White groups may be due to underdiagnosis or underreporting of other mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Sankoh
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - James Clifford
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Genomics in Health, Downstate Health Sciences University, State University of Brooklyn, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Prom-Wormley
- Department of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Assefa N, Scott A, Madrid L, Dheresa M, Mengesha G, Mahdi S, Mahtab S, Dangor Z, Myburgh N, Mothibi LK, Sow SO, Kotloff KL, Tapia MD, Onwuchekwa UU, Djiteye M, Varo R, Mandomando I, Nhacolo A, Sacoor C, Xerinda E, Ogbuanu I, Samura S, Duduyemi B, Swaray-Deen A, Bah A, El Arifeen S, Gurley ES, Hossain MZ, Rahman A, Chowdhury AI, Quique B, Mutevedzi P, Cunningham SA, Blau D, Whitney C. Comparison of causes of stillbirth and child deaths as determined by verbal autopsy and minimally invasive tissue sampling. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003065. [PMID: 39074089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
In resource-limited settings where vital registration and medical death certificates are unavailable or incomplete, verbal autopsy (VA) is often used to attribute causes of death (CoD) and prioritize resource allocation and interventions. We aimed to determine the CoD concordance between InterVA and CHAMPS's method. The causes of death (CoDs) of children <5 were determined by two methods using data from seven low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) enrolled in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network. The first CoD method was from the DeCoDe panel using data from Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling (MITS), whereas the second method used Verbal Autopsy (VA), which utilizes the InterVA software. This analysis evaluated the agreement between the two using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. The overall concordance of InterVA4 and DeCoDe in assigning causes of death across surveillance sites, age groups, and causes of death was poor (0.75 with 95% CI: 0.73-0.76) and lacked precision. We found substantial differences in agreement by surveillance site, with Mali showing the lowest and Mozambique and Ethiopia the highest concordance. The InterVA4 assigned CoD agrees poorly in assigning causes of death for U5s and stillbirths. Because VA methods are relatively easy to implement, such systems could be more useful if algorithms were improved to more accurately reflect causes of death, for example, by calibrating algorithms to information from programs that used detailed diagnostic testing to improve the accuracy of COD determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Anthony Scott
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lola Madrid
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Merga Dheresa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Gezahegn Mengesha
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Shabir Mahdi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sana Mahtab
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ziyaad Dangor
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nellie Myburgh
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Samba O Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Milagritos D Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Uma U Onwuchekwa
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamane Djiteye
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Rosauro Varo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saude, Ministerio de Saude, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ariel Nhacolo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Elisio Xerinda
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shams El Arifeen
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily S Gurley
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Afruna Rahman
- Program for Emerging Infections, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Bassat Quique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saude, Ministerio de Saude, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Portia Mutevedzi
- Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Solveig A Cunningham
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dianna Blau
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cyndy Whitney
- Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Puittinen E, Haukilahti R, Lindroos K. Alcohol use, civilian interference, and other possible risk factors for death during restraint. J Forensic Leg Med 2024; 106:102728. [PMID: 39089136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Physical restraint is usually used when trying to control and terminate a violent episode. Many causes are possible behind aggressive, agitated, and violent behavior. Some of these are such factors that can either be detected in forensic autopsies or can be evident from the person's medical records. Various causes for deaths during physical restraint have been suggested. In this study, we wanted to review all incidents in which physical restraint was employed, ending in death of the restrained person, whether the restraint was applied by police officers, security guards, police custody personnel, health care personnel or ordinary civilians. The main aim was to see if this new kind of study design would increase our knowledge in circumstances and causes leading to death in restraint situations. Data was collected retrospectively from all forensic autopsies performed in the Southern Finland area during 2010-2015. We went through 21,036 forensic autopsy cases and found 12 cases (0.06 %) in which a physical restraint was employed before death. Police officers were involved in the physical restraint in 7/12 of the cases: in two of these cases, police alone; in three cases, police and guards; and in two cases, police and health care personnel. Civilians carried out the restraint in 5/12 cases. With civilians responsible for the restraint, the cause of death was more likely considered to be a result of the restraint itself than in cases where police and other authorities were responsible for the restraint. This could be because civilians aren't educated about safe restraint methods, and they might themselves be intoxicated. Alcohol was the most common psychoactive substance found in this study and could be a risk factor for not only aggressive behavior but also death, since alcohol use can provoke cardiac arrhythmias and even sudden death. Based on this study, and previously published studies, we see restraint deaths as a varying spectrum of deaths, in which the death is often possibly a result of many factors, including the effects of agitation and restraint, intoxication, and cardiac and other illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Puittinen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Riitta Haukilahti
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katarina Lindroos
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
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Shen Y, Guo J, Wang C, Huang Z, Yi Y, You J. Self-disgust mediates the effect of problematic mobile social media use on non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: A latent growth curve analysis. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39075629 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research linked problematic mobile social media use to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, little research explored the underlying mechanism. Drawing on the social displacement hypothesis, which suggests that excessive social media use may disrupt offline social interactions, leading to negative emotional experiences, the study employs a longitudinal design to explore the relationship between problematic mobile social media use and NSSI, with a specific emphasis on the mediating role of self-disgust. METHODS A total of 1,684 Chinese adolescents (52.3% females; Mage = 14.59 years, SDage = 1.27) completed self-report questionnaires regarding problematic mobile social media use, self-disgust, and NSSI. The assessment was conducted in three waves, 6 months apart. RESULTS Using latent growth curve and structural equation modeling, our study observed a consistent linear decline in NSSI levels over time. Higher initial NSSI levels correlated with a slower reduction. Problematic mobile social media use positively influenced the initial level of NSSI. Additionally, self-disgust played a mediating role in the relationship between problematic mobile social media use and NSSI. CONCLUSIONS The study underscores the importance of understanding the emotional experiences behind social media use, beyond mere usage duration. By revealing the mediating role of self-disgust, it provides new insights into the complex interplay between problematic mobile social media use and adolescent NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuhan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixi Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhe Yi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Raei M, Heydari K, Tabarestani M, Razavi A, Mirshafiei F, Esmaeily F, Taheri M, Hoseini A, Nazari H, Shamshirian D, Alizadeh-Navaei R. Diagnostic accuracy of ESR1 mutation detection by cell-free DNA in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:908. [PMID: 39069608 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptors express in nearly 70% of breast cancers (ER-positive). Estrogen receptor alpha plays a fundamental role as a significant factor in breast cancer progression for the early selection of therapeutic approaches. Accordingly, there has been a surge of attention to non-invasive techniques, including circulating Cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) or Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA), to detect and track ESR1 genotype. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the diagnosis accuracy of ESR1 mutation detection by cell-free DNA in breast cancer patientsthrough a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up to 6 April 2022. Diagnostic studies on ESR1 measurement by cfDNA, which was confirmed using the tumour tissue biopsy, have been included in the study. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were considered to analyse the data. RESULTS Out of 649 papers, 13 papers with 15 cohorts, including 389 participants, entered the meta-analyses. The comprehensive meta-analysis indicated a high sensitivity (75.52, 95% CI 60.19-90.85), specificity (88.20, 95% CI 80.99-95.40), and high accuracy of 88.96 (95% CI 83.23-94.69) for plasma ESR1. We also found a moderate PPV of 56.94 (95% CI 41.70-72.18) but a high NPV of 88.53 (95% CI 82.61-94.44). We also found an NLR of 0.443 (95% CI 0.09-0.79) and PLR of 1.60 (95% CI 1.20-1.99). CONCLUSION This systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis reveal that plasma cfDNA testing exhibits high sensitivity and specificity in detecting ESR1 mutations in breast cancer patients. This suggests that the test could be a valuable diagnostic tool. It may serve as a dependable and non-invasive technique for identifying ESR1 mutations in breast cancer patients. However, more extensive research is needed to confirm its prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Raei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Sq, Sari, Sari, 44817844718, Iran
| | - Keyvan Heydari
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Sq, Sari, Sari, 44817844718, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tabarestani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Razavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirshafiei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Esmaeily
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahsa Taheri
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Aref Hoseini
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Nazari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Danial Shamshirian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Sq, Sari, Sari, 44817844718, Iran.
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Drapeau HF, Singh P, Benyaminov F, Wright K, Spence JC, Nuzhat S, Walsh A, Islam K, Azarm Z, Lee KK. Meteorological gaps in audits of pedestrian environments: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2010. [PMID: 39068394 PMCID: PMC11282675 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weather and season are determinants of physical activity. Therefore, it is important to ensure built environments are designed to mitigate negative impacts of weather and season on pedestrians to prevent these losses. This scoping review aims to identify built environment audits of pedestrian environments developed for use during a specific weather condition or season. Secondly, this review aims to investigate gaps in the inclusion of relevant weather mitigating built environment features in pedestrian environment audit tools. METHODS Following a standard protocol, a systematic search was executed in CINAHL, Medline and Web of Science to identify built environment audit tools of pedestrian spaces. These databases were chosen since they are well-known to comprehensively cover health as well as multi-disciplinary research publications relevant to health. Studies were screened, and data were extracted from selected documents by two independent reviewers (e.g., psychometric properties and audit items included). Audit items were screened for the inclusion of weather mitigating built environment features, and the tool's capacity to measure temperature, precipitation, seasonal and sustainability impacts on pedestrians was calculated. RESULTS The search returned 2823 documents. After screening and full text review, 27 articles were included. No tool was found that was developed specifically for use during a specific weather condition or season. Additionally, gaps in the inclusion of weather mitigating items were found for all review dimensions (thermal comfort, precipitation, seasonal, and sustainability items). Poorly covered items were: (1) thermal comfort related (arctic entry presence, materials, textures, and colours of buildings, roads, sidewalk and furniture, and green design features); (2) precipitation related (drain presence, ditch presence, hazards, and snow removal features); (3) seasonal features (amenities, pedestrian scale lighting, and winter destinations and aesthetics); and (4) sustainability features (electric vehicle charging stations, renewable energy, car share, and bike share facilities). CONCLUSIONS Current built environment audit tools do not adequately include weather / season mitigating items. This is a limitation as it is important to investigate if the inclusion of these items in pedestrian spaces can promote physical activity during adverse weather conditions. Because climate change is causing increased extreme weather events, a need exists for the development of a new built environment audit tool that includes relevant weather mitigating features.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Drapeau
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - P Singh
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - F Benyaminov
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K Wright
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S Nuzhat
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Walsh
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K Islam
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Z Azarm
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K K Lee
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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247
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Oginga FO, Mpofana T. Understanding the role of early life stress and schizophrenia on anxiety and depressive like outcomes: An experimental study. Behav Brain Res 2024; 470:115053. [PMID: 38768688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse experiences due to early life stress (ELS) or parental psychopathology such as schizophrenia (SZ) have a significant implication on individual susceptibility to psychiatric disorders in the future. However, it is not fully understood how ELS affects social-associated behaviors as well as the developing prefrontal cortex (PFC). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ELS and ketamine induced schizophrenia like symptoms (KSZ) on anhedonia, social behavior and anxiety-like behavior. METHODS Male and female Sprague-Dawley rat pups were allocated randomly into eight experimental groups, namely control, gestational stress (GS), GS+KSZ, maternal separation (MS), MS+KSZ pups, KSZ parents, KSZ parents and Pups and KSZ pups only. ELS was induced by subjecting the pups to GS and MS, while schizophrenia like symptoms was induced through subcutaneous administration of ketamine. Behavioral assessment included sucrose preference test (SPT) and elevated plus maze (EPM), followed by dopamine testing and analysis of astrocyte density. Statistical analysis involved ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests, revealing significant group differences and yielding insights into behavioral and neurodevelopmental impacts. RESULTS GS, MS, and KSZ (dams) significantly reduced hedonic response and increased anxiety-like responses (p < 0.05). Notably, the presence of normal parental mental health demonstrated a reversal of the observed decline in Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-positive astrocytes (GFAP+ astrocytes) (p < 0.05) and a reduction in anxiety levels, implying its potential protective influence on depressive-like symptoms and PFC astrocyte functionality. CONCLUSION The present study provides empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that exposure to ELS and KSZ on dams have a significant impact on the on development of anxiety and depressive like symptoms in Sprague Dawley rats, while positive parenting has a reversal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Otieno Oginga
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Science, Kabarak University, Nakuru 20157, Kenya.
| | - Thabisile Mpofana
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences North West University, Potchefstroom campus, 11 Hoffman St., Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
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248
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Yiallourou A, Pantavou K, Markozannes G, Pilavas A, Georgiou A, Hadjikou A, Economou M, Christodoulou N, Letsos K, Khattab E, Kossyva C, Constantinou M, Theodoridou M, Piovani D, Tsilidis KΚ, Bonovas S, Nikolopoulos GK. Non-genetic factors and breast cancer: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:903. [PMID: 39061008 PMCID: PMC11282738 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has found associations between various non-genetic factors and breast cancer (BrCa) risk. This study summarises and appraises the credibility of the available evidence on the association between non-genetic factors and BrCa risk. METHODS We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane databases were systematically searched for meta-analyses examining non-genetic factors and BrCa incidence or mortality. The strength of the evidence was graded in four categories (i.e., weak, suggestive, highly suggestive, convincing). RESULTS A total of 781 meta-analyses from 280 publications were evaluated and graded. We included exposures related to anthropometric measurements, biomarkers, breast characteristics and diseases, diet and supplements, environment, exogenous hormones, lifestyle and social factors, medical history, medication, reproductive history, and pregnancy. The largest number of examined associations was found for the category of diet and supplements and for exposures such as aspirin use and active smoking. The statistically significant (P-value < 0.05) meta-analyses were 382 (49%), of which 204 (53.4%) reported factors associated with increased BrCa risk. Most of the statistically significant evidence (n = 224, 58.6%) was graded as weak. Convincing harmful associations with heightened BrCa risk were found for increased body mass index (BMI), BMI and weight gain in postmenopausal women, oral contraceptive use in premenopausal women, increased androstenedione, estradiol, estrone, and testosterone concentrations, high Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) classification, and increased breast density. Convincing protective factors associated with lower BrCa risk included high fiber intake and high sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels while highly suggestive protective factors included high 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, adherence to healthy lifestyle, and moderate-vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest some highly modifiable factors that protect from BrCa. Interestingly, while diet was the most studied exposure category, the related associations failed to reach higher levels of evidence, indicating the methodological limitations in the field. To improve the validity of these associations, future research should utilise more robust study designs and better exposure assessment techniques. Overall, our study provides knowledge that supports the development of evidence-based BrCa prevention recommendations and guidance, both at an individual level and for public health initiatives. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022370675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneza Yiallourou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | - Katerina Pantavou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Antonis Pilavas
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | - Andrea Georgiou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | - Andria Hadjikou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | - Mary Economou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Elina Khattab
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | | | - Maria Constantinou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus
| | | | - Daniele Piovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, 20072, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Κ Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Stefanos Bonovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, 20072, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, 20089, Italy
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249
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Wu LX, Jin M, Yang J. Status, outcome, and related factors of postpartum hypertension in the Shanghai community. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:4632-4641. [PMID: 39070825 PMCID: PMC11235491 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i21.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum hypertension poses a considerable health risk. Despite research on gestational hypertension, comprehensive studies focusing on postpartum hy-pertension in communities are limited. Understanding its prevalence and associated risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and management. AIM To provide insights for postpartum hypertension's prevention and management. METHODS In total, 3297 women who gave birth between June 2021 and December 2022 in Xuhui District, Shanghai were selected. Blood pressure was measured thrice within one month post-delivery during home visits. Eighty-six women with hypertension were followed up for four months to analyze hypertension per-sistence and its related risk factors. A predictive model for persistent postpartum hypertension was established and verified using the Nomo diagram model. RESULTS Hypertension prevalence 1 month post-delivery was 2.61% (86/3297). Among the 86 pregnant women, 32 (37.21 %) had persistent hypertension at four months post-delivery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.212; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.065-1.380] and higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.188; 95%CI: 1.006-1.404) were associated with hypertension (OR = 10.781; 95%CI: 1.006-1.404) during pregnancy. A 95%CI of 1.243-93.480 is a risk factor for persistent postpartum hypertension. The Nomograph model accurately predicted the risk of persistent postpartum hypertension, demonstrating high precision. CONCLUSION In Xuhui, older age, higher pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational hypertension are risk factors for persistent postpartum hypertension. Our prediction model can identify high-risk individuals, thereby improving patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xia Wu
- Department of Women's Health, Xuhui District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Man Jin
- Department of Women's Health, Xuhui District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Women's Health, Xuhui District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China
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250
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Zhang W, Wan P, Zhang M, Chang Y, Du S, Jin T, Wang Y. Association Between CYP2D7 and TCF20 Polymorphisms and Coronary Heart Disease. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s12012-024-09907-9. [PMID: 39060884 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
One of the causes of coronary heart disease (CHD) is genetic factors. In this study, we explored the relationship between CYP2D7 and TCF20 gene polymorphisms and the risk of CHD in the Han Chinese population. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (CYP2D7 rs1800754, CYP2D7 rs2743461, and TCF20 rs760648) were selected and genotyped from 490 cases and 480 controls. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between CYP2D7 and TCF20 polymorphisms and the risk of CHD. The association between clinical indicators and polymorphisms was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD. The SNP-SNP interactions were obtained by performing multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). CYP2D7 rs1800754 and rs2743461 were closely associated with increased risk of CHD (alleles: p = 0.014, p = 0.031). Stratified analysis showed that CYP2D7 rs1800754 and rs2743461 were associated with an increased risk of CHD in men, age > 60 years, BMI ≥ 24, and smoking. Rs1800754 is also associated with an increased risk of CHD associated with alcohol consumption. In addition, TCF20 rs760648 was associated with a reduced risk of CHD in patients aged ≤ 60 years and with CALs. A significant association was found between CYP2D7 rs1800754 and rs2743461 genotypes and levels of UREA, Cr, and LDL-C; TCF20 rs760648 genotypes and levels of RBC. The MDR analysis showed that the three-locus interaction model was the best in the multi-locus model. In conclusion, CYP2D7 rs1800754 and rs2743461 polymorphisms were associated with CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, #229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panpan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, #229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, #229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanting Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, #229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuli Du
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, #229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, #229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, #229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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