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Adjei A, Wilkinson AV, Chen B, Mantey DS, Harrell MB. Does the time to nicotine dependence vary by internalizing symptoms for young people who use e-cigarettes? An analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, (Waves 1-5; 2013-2019). Addict Behav 2024; 156:108075. [PMID: 38810488 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between past-year internalizing symptoms and the time to first report of signs of nicotine dependence among young people. METHODS Secondary analysis using data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) (Waves 1-5; 2013-2019). The study included 2,102 (N = 5,031,691) young people (age 12-23 years) who reported past-30-day (P30D) e-cigarette use in one or more waves. Kaplan Meier curves, stratified by past year internalizing symptoms were used to estimate the time to the first report of three nicotine dependence symptoms (i.e., use within 30 min of waking, cravings, and really needing to use) following the first P30D e-cigarette use. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (AHR), comparing any past year internalizing symptoms to no past year internalizing symptoms. RESULTS We found no significant differences between past year internalizing symptoms and the time to the first report of cravings (AHR = 1.30, 95 % CI = 92-1.85), really needing to use (AHR = 1.31; 95 % CI = 0.92-1.89) and use within 30 min of waking for follow-up times 0-156 weeks (AHR = 0.84; 95 % CI = 0.55-1.30) and > 156 weeks (AHR = 0.41; 95 % CI = 0.04-4.67) respectively. CONCLUSION Past year internalizing symptoms did not modify the time to the first report of nicotine dependence among youth with P30D e-cigarette use. Further research is needed to understand how changing internalizing symptoms and e-cigarette use frequency influence nicotine dependence over time and, how this relationship impacts cessation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Adjei
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), School of Public Health, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), School of Public Health, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - Baojiang Chen
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), School of Public Health, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - Dale S Mantey
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), School of Public Health, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - Melissa B Harrell
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), School of Public Health, Austin, TX, United States.
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2
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Borairi S, Deneault AA, Madigan S, Fearon P, Devereux C, Geer M, Jeyanayagam B, Martini J, Jenkins J. A meta-analytic examination of sensitive responsiveness as a mediator between depression in mothers and psychopathology in children. Attach Hum Dev 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38860779 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2024.2359689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The current meta-analysis examined the mediating role of sensitive-responsive parenting in the relationship between depression in mothers and internalizing and externalizing behavior in children. A systematic review of the path of maternal sensitive responsiveness to child psychopathology identified eligible studies. Meta-analytic structural equation modelling (MASEM) allowed for the systematic examination of the magnitude of the indirect effect across 68 studies (N = 15,579) for internalizing and 92 studies (N = 26,218) for externalizing psychopathology. The synthesized sample included predominantly White, English-speaking children (age range = 1 to 205 months; Mage = 66 months; 47% female) from Western, industrialized countries. The indirect pathway was small in magnitude and similar for externalizing (b = .02) and internalizing psychopathology (b = .01). Moderator analyses found that the indirect pathway for externalizing problems was stronger when mother-child interactions were observed during naturalistic and free-play tasks rather than structured tasks. Other tested moderators were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Borairi
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Pasco Fearon
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Devereux
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Melissa Geer
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Julia Martini
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer Jenkins
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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3
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Petropoulos A, Anesiadou S, Michou M, Lymperatou A, Roma E, Chrousos G, Pervanidou P. Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with Autism and ADHD: Profiles of Hair and Salivary Cortisol, Serum Leptin Concentrations and Externalizing/Internalizing Problems. Nutrients 2024; 16:1538. [PMID: 38794776 PMCID: PMC11124526 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) present a higher prevalence in individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs). The Stress System and the Gut-Brain axis (GBA) may mediate these relations. We aimed to assess the prevalence and profile of FGIDs in a clinical sample of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) compared to typically developing children (TD) as well as to investigate possible relations between stress-related biomarkers and internalizing/externalizing problems in children with NDDS. METHODS In total, 120 children, aged between 4 and 12 years old, formed three groups (N = 40, each): ADHD, ASD and TD. Salivary cortisol, hair cortisol and serum leptin were measured. RESULTS The ASD group had more FGID problems than the TD group (p = 0.001). The ADHD and ASD groups had higher total internalizing/externalizing problems than the TD group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.005, respectively). Children with FGIDs showed more total, internalizing and externalizing problems compared to children without FGIDs (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.041, respectively). The ADHD group showed lower AUCg values (p < 0.0001), while the hair cortisol was higher for the TD group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, children with NDDs had more FGID symptoms and present higher internalizing and externalizing problems. Children with ADHD and FGIDs had more internalizing problems compared to those without FGIDs. No differences in stress-related biomarkers were shown to differentiate children with NDDs with and without FGIDs. Future prospective studies including a greater number of children may elucidate the biological pathways linking these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petropoulos
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Sophia Anesiadou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Michou
- Human Ecology Laboratory, Department of Home Economics and Ecology, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Aikaterini Lymperatou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- Postgraduate Program “The Science of Stress and Stress Promotion”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Roma
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - George Chrousos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (S.A.); (A.L.)
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (G.C.)
- Postgraduate Program “The Science of Stress and Stress Promotion”, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Lee Y, Chahal R, Gotlib IH. The default mode network is associated with changes in internalizing and externalizing problems differently in adolescent boys and girls. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:834-843. [PMID: 36847268 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Internalizing and externalizing problems that emerge during adolescence differentially increase boys' and girls' risk for developing psychiatric disorders. It is not clear, however, whether there are sex differences in the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain that underlie changes in the severity of internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. Using resting-state fMRI data and self-reports of behavioral problems obtained from 128 adolescents (73 females; 9-14 years old) at two timepoints, we conducted multivoxel pattern analysis to identify resting-state functional connectivity markers at baseline that predict changes in the severity of internalizing and externalizing problems in boys and girls 2 years later. We found sex-differentiated involvement of the default mode network in changes in internalizing and externalizing problems. Whereas changes in internalizing problems were associated with the dorsal medial subsystem in boys and with the medial temporal subsystem in girls, changes in externalizing problems were predicted by hyperconnectivity between core nodes of the DMN and frontoparietal network in boys and hypoconnectivity between the DMN and affective networks in girls. Our results suggest that different neural mechanisms predict changes in internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescent boys and girls and offer insights concerning mechanisms that underlie sex differences in the expression of psychopathology in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Lee
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rajpreet Chahal
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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5
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Kim JH, Kapse K, Limperopoulos C, De Asis-Cruz J. Cerebellar volume and functional connectivity in neonates predicts social and emotional development in toddlers. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1294527. [PMID: 38756409 PMCID: PMC11097671 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1294527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, a growing body of research in adults has emphasized the role of the cerebellum in social and emotional cognition. This has been further supported by findings of delayed social and emotional development in toddlers with cerebellar injury during the fetal and newborn periods. However, the contributions of the cerebellum to social-emotional development in typically developing newborns are unclear. To bridge this gap in knowledge, we used multimodal MRI to investigate associations between cerebellar structure and function in 88 healthy neonates (mean ± sd of postmenstrual age, = 42.00 ± 1.91 weeks) and social-emotional development at 18-months assessed using the Infant-Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment (ITSEA) (mean age on ITSEA: 18.32 ± 1.19 months old). We found that cerebellar volume was not associated with ITSEA domain scores at 18 months. We further demonstrated cerebellar functional gradient (FGR) defined using principal component analysis (PCA) was associated with Externalizing domain (linear regression model, false-discovery-rate-adjusted p = 0.013). This cluster (FGR7) included the left dentate, right VI, left Vermis VIIIb, and right V lobules. Finally, we demonstrated that either structural or functional features of the cerebellum reliably predicted scores on the Externalizing and Internalizing domains (correlation between actual and predicted scores: for structural, Fisher's z = 0.48 ± 0.01 for Internalizing, p = 0.01; for functional, Fisher's z = 0.45 ± 0.01 for Externalizing, p = 0.02; with permutation test). Collectively, our findings suggest that the cerebellum plays an important role in social-emotional development during the critical early stages of life.
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6
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Harris JL, Swanson B, Petersen IT. A Developmentally Informed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Strength of General Psychopathology in Childhood and Adolescence. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024; 27:130-164. [PMID: 38112921 PMCID: PMC10938301 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Considerable support exists for higher-order dimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology in adults. A growing body of work has focused on understanding the structure of general and specific psychopathology in children and adolescents. No prior meta-analysis has examined whether the strength of the general psychopathology factor (p factor)-measured by explained common variance (ECV)-changes from childhood to adolescence. The primary objective of this multilevel meta-analysis was to determine whether general psychopathology strength changes across development (i.e. across ages) in childhood and adolescence. Several databases were searched in November 2021; 65 studies, with 110 effect sizes (ECV), nested within shared data sources, were identified. Included empirical studies used a factor analytic modeling approach that estimated latent factors for child/adolescent internalizing, externalizing, and optionally thought-disordered psychopathology, and a general factor. Studies spanned ages 2-17 years. Across ages, general psychopathology explained over half (~ 56%) of the reliable variance in symptoms of psychopathology. Age-moderation analyses revealed that general factor strength remained stable across ages, suggesting that general psychopathology strength does not significantly change across childhood to adolescence. Even if the structure of psychopathology changes with development, the prominence of general psychopathology across development has important implications for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Harris
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue G60, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Benjamin Swanson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Isaac T Petersen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue G60, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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7
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Ramer NE, Perhamus GR, Colder CR. Reinforcement sensitivity theory and externalizing problems across early adolescence: Testing within-person reciprocal associations. Dev Psychol 2024; 60:545-559. [PMID: 38190217 PMCID: PMC10922213 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Temperament and externalizing problems are closely linked, but research on how they codevelop across adolescence remains sparse and equivocal. Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) provides a useful framework for understanding temperament and externalizing problems associations. During adolescence, oppositional problems are posited to be linked to an overactive behavioral approach system (BAS) while conduct problems are linked to an underactive behavioral inhibition system (BIS). However, this research mostly uses adult samples and cross-sectional designs and tests only between-person associations. Moreover, most studies typically test only one direction of effects (i.e., temperament predicts externalizing problems) and do not consider alternative models of associations, such as reciprocal associations. To address these limitations, we use three annual waves of a longitudinal, community-based sample of 387 early adolescents (mean Wave 1 age = 11.61 years, 55% female, 83% non-Hispanic White) to test reciprocal associations between BIS and BAS and oppositional and conduct problems. Latent curve models with structured residuals are used to test hypotheses and disaggregate between- and within-person associations. Evidence supports within-person reciprocal associations between BAS and oppositional problems and between BIS and combined conduct and oppositional problems. Results potentially inform developmental theories of temperament and externalizing problems linkages and interventions with adolescents who are engaging in oppositional problems and more severe conduct problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan E. Ramer
- Department of Psychology, Park Hall Room 204. University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425
| | - Gretchen R. Perhamus
- Department of Psychology, Park Hall Room 204. University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Craig R. Colder
- Department of Psychology, Park Hall Room 204. University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
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8
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Tamayo N, Wareham H, Franken MC, McKean C, Tiemeier H, Jansen PW. Bidirectional associations between mental health problems and language ability across 8 years of childhood. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:787-797. [PMID: 37010646 PMCID: PMC10894104 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Research examining the development of behavior, emotions and language, and their intertwining is limited as only few studies had a longitudinal design, mostly with a short follow-up period. Moreover, most studies did not evaluate whether internalizing symptoms and externalizing symptoms are independently associated with language ability. This study examines bidirectional associations between internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms and language ability in childhood in a large, population-based cohort. Longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a cohort of children in the United Kingdom followed from birth to 11 years (n = 10,878; 50.7% boys), were analyzed. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms were based on parent reports. Language ability (higher scores reflecting poorer ability) was assessed by trained interviewers at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11 years. Structural Equation Models (SEM) were performed, including random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) and cross-lagged panel models (CLPM). Internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms and language ability were stable over time and co-occur with each other from early life onwards. Over time, externalizing symptoms in early childhood were associated with less growth in language skills and with increases in internalizing symptoms. In late childhood, language ability was negatively associated with later internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The early start, co-occurrence and persistent nature of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms and (poorer) language ability highlights the importance of comprehensive assessments in young children who present problems in one of these domains. Specifically, among children in the early grades of elementary school, those with language difficulties may benefit from careful monitoring as they are more likely to develop difficulties in behavior and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Tamayo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Wareham
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marie-Christine Franken
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina McKean
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Winds K, Marka T, Salcher B, Rieser N, Skrivanek C, Hochrainer M, Trost-Schrems J, Rainer LJ, Hitzl W, Augner C, Plattner B. Glow up: does a professional photoshoot intervention affect self-esteem and emotions among adolescent psychiatric patients?-A longitudinal intervention study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1310252. [PMID: 38463433 PMCID: PMC10920346 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1310252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Today, online communication is shaped by a billion-dollar social media (SM) and social networking site (SNS) industry. Visual content consumed by children and adolescents has been shown to influence behavioral patterns, state emotions, and self-esteem (SE). In this study, we introduced a novel intervention creating visual content through a professional photoshoot and investigated its impact on state emotions and SE in child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) patients. Methods Standardized and validated self-rating questionnaires were used to assess SE, state emotions, coping mechanisms, psychopathological symptoms, and internet use behavior at baseline. SE and state emotions were monitored at different time points around a professional photoshoot within 45 CAP patients (30 female patients; mean age, 15.1 years) using a longitudinal design. Results Within-subject repeated-measures ANOVA and bootstrapped paired-sample t-tests showed a significant fluctuation in state emotions and SE throughout the intervention. Spearman correlations and univariate logistic regressions revealed that internalizing symptomatology and maladaptive coping significantly worsened the outcome of the intervention on state emotions and SE in girls. Internet-related variables heightened the positive effect of the intervention in boys and lowered SE in girls during the intervention. Conclusion The photo intervention had various gender-specific effects. Boys did benefit from the intervention in terms of longitudinal outcome on positive state emotions (PE) and SE, even positively influenced by SNS and SM. Thus, it might be concluded that online social comparison was processed more beneficial in boys. In contrast, when working with visual content in girls, psychopathology and coping must be considered. Internet consumption in general, especially SM and SNS, was related to low SE in girls. Nevertheless, when therapeutically accompanied, the "glow up moment" during the shoot (high on PE and SE; low on negative state emotions) could be used as an index moment for therapeutic reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelius Winds
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Marka
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Salcher
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicole Rieser
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine Skrivanek
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michelle Hochrainer
- University Clinics for Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Trost-Schrems
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lucas J. Rainer
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- University Clinics for Neurology, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Research Office Biostatistics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Augner
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute for Human Resources Research in Health Care, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Belinda Plattner
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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10
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Nimphy CA, Kullberg MLJ, Pittner K, Buisman R, van den Berg L, Alink L, Bakermans-Kranenburg M, Elzinga BM, Tollenaar M. The Role of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation in the Intergenerational Transmission of Childhood Abuse: A Family Study. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024:10775595231223657. [PMID: 38299462 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231223657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that parents with a history of childhood abuse are at increased risk of perpetrating child abuse. To break the cycle of childhood abuse we need to better understand the mechanisms that play a role. In a cross-sectional extended family design including three generations (N = 250, 59% female), we examined the possible mediating role of parental psychopathology and emotion regulation in the association between a history of childhood abuse and perpetrating child abuse. Parents' own history of childhood abuse was associated with perpetrating abuse toward their children, and externalizing (but not internalizing) problems partially mediated this association statistically. Implicit and explicit emotion regulation were not associated with experienced or perpetrated abuse. Findings did not differ across fathers and mothers. Findings underline the importance of (early) treatment of externalizing problems in parents with a history of childhood abuse, to possibly prevent the transmission of child abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima A Nimphy
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Louise J Kullberg
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Pittner
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renate Buisman
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lenneke Alink
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg
- William James Center for Research, ISPA -University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Tollenaar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lahey BB, Durham EL, Brislin SJ, Barr PB, Dick DM, Moore TM, Pierce BL, Tong L, Reimann GE, Jeong HJ, Dupont RM, Kaczkurkin AN. Mapping potential pathways from polygenic liability through brain structure to psychological problems across the transition to adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38185921 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used a polygenic score for externalizing behavior (extPGS) and structural MRI to examine potential pathways from genetic liability to conduct problems via the brain across the adolescent transition. METHODS Three annual assessments of child conduct problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, and internalizing problems were conducted across across 9-13 years of age among 4,475 children of European ancestry in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). RESULTS The extPGS predicted conduct problems in each wave (R2 = 2.0%-2.9%). Bifactor models revealed that the extPRS predicted variance specific to conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%-2.1%), but also variance that conduct problems shared with other measured problems (R2 = .8%-1.4%). Longitudinally, extPGS predicted levels of specific conduct problems (R2 = 2.0%), but not their slope of change across age. The extPGS was associated with total gray matter volume (TGMV; R2 = .4%) and lower TGMV predicted both specific conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%-2.1%) and the variance common to all problems in each wave (R2 = 1.6%-3.1%). A modest proportion of the polygenic liability specific to conduct problems in each wave was statistically mediated by TGMV. CONCLUSIONS Across the adolescent transition, the extPGS predicted both variance specific to conduct problems and variance shared by all measured problems. The extPGS also was associated with TGMV, which robustly predicted conduct problems. Statistical mediation analyses suggested the hypothesis that polygenic variation influences individual differences in brain development that are related to the likelihood of conduct problems during the adolescent transition, justifying new research to test this causal hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter B Barr
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lin Tong
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Jovanović V, Renshaw TL. The Youth Internalizing Problems Screener: Validation in Serbian Adolescents and Measurement Invariance across Serbia and the USA. J Pers Assess 2023; 105:789-796. [PMID: 36697377 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2166518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Youth Internalizing Problems Screener (YIPS) is a recently developed measure of general internalizing problems in adolescence. Validity evidence supporting interpretation and use of the YIPS outside the USA is still limited, and no research to date has examined cross-national invariance of this scale. Using two samples of Serbian adolescents, the present study examined the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and convergent and incremental validity of a Serbian language version of the YIPS. Following, we evaluated the measurement invariance of the YIPS across Serbian and USA samples. Evidence for a one-factor structure and good internal consistency for the Serbian YIPS was found. The scale scores yielded strong associations with measures of depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect, indicating evidence of convergent validity. YIPS scores also had a unique contribution over and above depression and anxiety in predicting subjective well-being, thus supporting incremental validity. Partial scalar invariance for the YIPS measurement model was indicated across Serbian and USA samples. We conclude the YIPS appears to be a psychometrically sound measure of general internalizing problems among Serbian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Jovanović
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tyler L Renshaw
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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13
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Norozpour M, Pourshahbaz A, Poursharifi H, Dolatshahi B, Habibi N. Prevalence of externalising disorder comorbidities in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065680. [PMID: 37423633 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Externalising disorders are some of the most prevalent problems in childhood and particularly during adolescence that can change into more severe psychopathology in adulthood if left unattended. In the research literature, these disorders include attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional/defiant disorder, conduct disorder and substance use disorders. The comorbidity prevalence of these disorders is significant and cannot be considered a random factor. The dimensional structure of psychopathology has always been studied by researchers to address disorder comorbidities and aetiology. There has always been controversy over the number of spectra and the lower levels. Currently, the new top-down, Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology model conceptualising psychopathology is being used, which is a dimensional classification system for the different spectra of psychopathology based on a combination of conceptual modelling and factor analysis of symptoms. This systematic review investigates the comorbidity prevalence of spectra of externalising disorders to provide valuable information and feedback on this model. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This systematic review will include all the studies conducted from 1/1/1990 to 1/12/2020 to examine the prevalence and comorbidity of each of the externalising disorders in the general population, schools and outpatients using any instrument (questionnaires or interviews). There will be no language restrictions in selecting the studies. The studies are age restricted and must be conducted on adolescents only, but there are no restrictions on the gender and nationality of the participants. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review is based on previously published articles and therefore will not require ethical approval. The results of the systematic review will be disseminated as publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentation. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022327629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Norozpour
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Abbas Pourshahbaz
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hamid Poursharifi
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Behrooz Dolatshahi
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Nastaran Habibi
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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Gjerde LC, Eilertsen EM, McAdams TA, Cheesman R, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Eley TC, Røysamb E, Rosenström TH, Ystrom E. The p factor of psychopathology and personality in middle childhood: genetic and gestational risk factors. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4275-4285. [PMID: 36762420 PMCID: PMC10317823 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A joint, hierarchical structure of psychopathology and personality has been reported in adults but should also be investigated at earlier ages, as psychopathology often develops before adulthood. Here, we investigate the joint factor structure of psychopathology and personality in eight-year-old children, estimate factor heritability and explore external validity through associations with established developmental risk factors. METHODS Phenotypic and biometric exploratory factor analyses with bifactor rotation on genetically informative data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort (MoBa) study. The analytic sub-sample comprised 10 739 children (49% girls). Mothers reported their children's symptoms of depression (Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire), anxiety (Screen for Anxiety Related Disorders), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention and hyperactivity, oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder (Parent/Teacher Rating Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders), and Big Five personality (short Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children). Developmental risk factors (early gestational age and being small for gestational age) were collected from the Medical Birth Registry. RESULTS Goodness-of-fit indices favored a p factor model with three residual latent factors interpreted as negative affectivity, positive affectivity, and antagonism, whereas psychometric indices favored a one-factor model. ADE solutions fitted best, and regression analyses indicated a negative association between gestational age and the p factor, for both the one- and four-factor solutions. CONCLUSION Correlations between normative and pathological traits in middle childhood mostly reflect one heritable and psychometrically interpretable p factor, although optimal fit to data required less interpretable residual latent factors. The association between the p factor and low gestational age warrants further study of early developmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line C. Gjerde
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Promenta Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Moen Eilertsen
- Promenta Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom A. McAdams
- Promenta Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Rosa Cheesman
- Promenta Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Promenta Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Promenta Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Promenta Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Espen Røysamb
- Promenta Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom H. Rosenström
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Promenta Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Levante A, Martis C, Bianco F, Castelli I, Petrocchi S, Lecciso F. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic mixed studies review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1182309. [PMID: 37397311 PMCID: PMC10313408 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1182309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Given the vulnerability of children during the COVID-19 pandemic, paying close attention to their wellbeing at the time is warranted. The present protocol-based systematic mixed-studies review examines papers published during 2020-2022, focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's internalizing/externalizing symptoms and the determinants thereof. Method PROSPERO: CRD42022385284. Five databases were searched and the PRISMA diagram was applied. The inclusion criteria were: papers published in English in peer-reviewed journals; papers published between January 2020 and October 2022 involving children aged 5-13 years; qualitative, quantitative, and mixed studies. The standardized Mixed Method Appraisal Tool protocol was used to appraise the quality of the studies. Results Thirty-four studies involving 40,976 participants in total were analyzed. Their principal characteristics were tabulated. The results showed that children's internalizing/externalizing symptoms increased during the pandemic, largely as a result of disengagement from play activities and excessive use of the internet. Girls showed more internalizing symptoms and boys more externalizing symptoms. Distress was the strongest parental factor mediating children's internalizing/externalizing symptoms. The quality of the studies was appraised as low (n = 12), medium (n = 12), and high (n = 10). Conclusion Gender-based interventions should be designed for children and parents. The studies reviewed were cross-sectional, so long-term patterns and outcomes could not be predicted. Future researchers might consider a longitudinal approach to determine the long-term effects of the pandemic on children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022385284, identifier: CRD42022385284.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Levante
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Lab of Applied Psychology, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Martis
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica Bianco
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castelli
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Serena Petrocchi
- Lab of Applied Psychology, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Lecciso
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Lab of Applied Psychology, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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16
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Carroll SL, Klump KL, Burt SA. Understanding the effects of neighborhood disadvantage on youth psychopathology. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3036-3046. [PMID: 35168691 PMCID: PMC9378764 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1942, Shaw and McKay reported that disadvantaged neighborhoods predict youth psychopathology (Shaw & McKay, ). In the decades since, dozens of papers have confirmed and extended these early results, convincingly demonstrating that disadvantaged neighborhood contexts predict elevated rates of both internalizing and externalizing disorders across childhood and adolescence. It is unclear, however, how neighborhood disadvantage increases psychopathology. METHODS Our study sought to fill this gap in the literature by examining the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a composite measure of Census tract disadvantage, as an etiologic moderator of several common forms of psychopathology in two samples of school-aged twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry (N = 4815 and 1030 twin pairs, respectively), the latter of which was enriched for neighborhood disadvantage. RESULTS Across both samples, genetic influences on attention-deficit hyperactivity problems were accentuated in the presence of marked disadvantage, while nonshared environmental contributions to callous-unemotional traits increased with increasing disadvantage. However, neighborhood disadvantage had little moderating effect on the etiology of depression, anxiety, or somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Such findings suggest that, although neighborhood disadvantage does appear to serve as a general etiologic moderator of many (but not all) forms of psychopathology, this etiologic moderation is phenotype-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Carroll
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - S. Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Di Giunta L, Lunetti C, Lansford JE, Eisenberg N, Pastorelli C, Bacchini D, Uribe Tirado LM, Iselin AMR, Basili E, Gliozzo G, Favini A, Cirimele F, Remondi C. Predictors and outcomes associated with the growth curves of self-efficacy beliefs in regard to anger and sadness regulation during adolescence: a longitudinal cross-cultural study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1010358. [PMID: 37139011 PMCID: PMC10149876 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1010358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This longitudinal study examined unique and joint effects of parenting and negative emotionality in predicting the growth curves of adolescents' self-efficacy beliefs about regulating two discrete negative emotions (anger and sadness) and the association of these growth curves with later maladjustment (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems). Methods Participants were 285 children (T1: M age = 10.57, SD = 0.68; 53.3% girls) and their parents (mothers N = 286; fathers N = 276) from Colombia and Italy. Parental warmth, harsh parenting, and internalizing and externalizing problems were measured in late childhood at T1, whereas early adolescents' anger and sadness were measured at T2 (T2: M age = 12.10, SD = 1.09). Adolescent self-efficacy beliefs about anger and sadness regulation were measured at five time-points from T2 to T6 (T6: M age = 18.45, SD = 0.71), and internalizing and externalizing problems were measured again at T6. Results Multi-group latent growth curve models (with country as the grouping variable) demonstrated that in both countries there was on average a linear increase in self-efficacy about anger regulation and no change or variation in self-efficacy about sadness regulation. In both countries, for self-efficacy about anger regulation (a) T1 harsh parenting and T1 externalizing problems were negatively associated with the intercept, (b) T2 anger was negatively associated with the slope, and (c) the intercept and the slope were associated with lower T6 internalizing and externalizing problems, controlling for T1 problems. For self-efficacy about sadness regulation, (a) T1 internalizing problems were negatively associated with the intercept only in Italy, (b) T2 sadness was negatively associated with the intercept only in Colombia, and (c) the intercept negatively predicted T6 internalizing problems. Discussion This study advances knowledge of the normative development of self-efficacy beliefs about anger and sadness regulation during adolescence across two countries, highlighting the predictive value of pre-existing family and individual characteristics on this development and prediction by the development of self-efficacy beliefs on later adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Giunta
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Lunetti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nancy Eisenberg
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Human Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Gliozzo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ainzara Favini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Cirimele
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Remondi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Zhang Q, Liu S, Wang Z, Cheng N. Developmental cascades of behavior problems and cognitive ability from toddlerhood to middle childhood: A 9-year longitudinal study. Early Hum Dev 2023; 179:105731. [PMID: 36867982 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the direction, ordering, and uniqueness of longitudinal associations between behavior problems and cognitive ability, from toddlerhood to middle childhood. A developmental cascade model was tested in the present study to examine the transactional processes in 103 Chinese children at the ages of 1, 2, 7, and 9 years. Behavior problems were assessed using the maternal reported Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment at the ages of 1, 2 and parental reported Children Behavior Checklist at the ages of 7, 9. Cognitive ability was measured using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development at the ages of 1, 2 and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children at the ages of 7, 9. The results revealed the stability of behavior problems and cognitive ability from age 1 to age 9 years and concurrent associations between externalizing and internalizing problems. Unique longitudinal associations were identified between (1) age 1 cognitive ability and age 2 internalizing problems, (2) age 2 externalizing problems and age 7 internalizing problems, (3) age 2 externalizing problems and age 7 cognitive ability, (4) age 7 cognitive ability and age 9 externalizing problems. The results indicated essential targets for future interventions aimed at reducing children's behavior problems at 2 years old and promoting cognitive ability at 1 year old and 7 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of "Learning and Cognition", Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, 100037 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Siman Liu
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of "Learning and Cognition", Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, 100037 Beijing, China
| | - Nanhua Cheng
- Beijing Key Lab of "Learning and Cognition", Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, 100037 Beijing, China.
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Berlin J, Wallinius M, Nilsson T, Karlén MH, Delfin C. Exploring the psychometric properties of the externalizing spectrum inventory-brief form in a Swedish forensic psychiatric inpatient sample. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:184. [PMID: 36944949 PMCID: PMC10031895 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Externalizing Spectrum Inventory-Brief Form (ESI-BF) [1] is a 160-item self-report instrument designed for the assessment of externalizing psychopathology, yet few studies to date have evaluated its psychometric properties, structural fit, and criterion validity in forensic psychiatric settings. METHODS Here, we investigated these aspects in a sample of forensic psychiatric inpatients (n = 77) from a maximum-security forensic psychiatric hospital in Sweden. We firstly investigated the reliability. Secondly, using confirmatory factor analysis, the structure of the ESI-BF. And thirdly, using a Bayesian approach, assessed how the three ESI-BF subfactors relate to criterion measures of antisocial behaviors, substance use, and lifetime externalizing spectrum diagnoses. RESULTS The ESI-BF demonstrated good to adequate reliability and internal consistency, with all but four facet scales exhibiting α and ω values ≥ 0.80. Average inter-item correlations for the facet scales ranged from 0.31 to 0.74. However, all structural models exhibited poor to mediocre fit, with model fit values for the CFI being 0.66, 0.79 and 0.87 and RMSEA values of 0.14, 0.12 and 0.09. for the unidimensional correlated factors and bifactor model, respectively. Regarding criterion validity, all subscales of the item-based ESI-BF three-factor model exhibited robust correlations with the Life History of Aggression total, aggression and antisocial/consequences subscales, with correlations ranging from 0.29 to 0.55. All ESI-BF subfactors demonstrated robust associations, yet with different externalizing outcomes, lending tentative support to its criterion validity. CONCLUSION Despite remaining ambiguities regarding its structural fit, the ESI-BF may be promising for assessing externalizing psychopathology in forensic psychiatric populations. However, further investigation of the ESI-BF is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn about its appropriateness in forensic psychiatric settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Berlin
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology (LU-CRED), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden.
- Rättspsykiatriska regionkliniken, Box 1223, 351 12, Växjö, Sweden.
| | - Märta Wallinius
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology (LU-CRED), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nilsson
- Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department for Forensic Psychiatry, The National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Hildebrand Karlén
- Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department for Forensic Psychiatry, The National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Delfin
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology (LU-CRED), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre of Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
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Radford-Smith DE, Anthony DC. Mechanisms of Maternal Diet-Induced Obesity Affecting the Offspring Brain and Development of Affective Disorders. Metabolites 2023; 13:455. [PMID: 36984895 PMCID: PMC10053489 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and metabolic disease are common disorders that share a bidirectional relationship and continue to increase in prevalence. Maternal diet and maternal behaviour both profoundly influence the developmental trajectory of offspring during the perinatal period. At an epidemiological level, both maternal depression and obesity during pregnancy have been shown to increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disease in the subsequent generation. Considerable progress has been made to understand the mechanisms by which maternal obesity disrupts the developing offspring gut-brain axis, priming offspring for the development of affective disorders. This review outlines such mechanisms in detail, including altered maternal care, the maternal microbiome, inflammation, breast milk composition, and maternal and placental metabolites. Subsequently, offspring may be prone to developing gut-brain interaction disorders with concomitant changes to brain energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and behaviour, alongside gut dysbiosis. The gut microbiome may act as a key modifiable, and therefore treatable, feature of the relationship between maternal obesity and the offspring brain function. Further studies examining the relationship between maternal nutrition, the maternal microbiome and metabolites, and offspring neurodevelopment are warranted to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Radford-Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford OX37JX, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX13TA, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX13QT, UK
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX13QT, UK
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21
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The mediating effects of personality traits on the relationship of youth conduct problems and mood disorders with adulthood suicidality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4292. [PMID: 36922624 PMCID: PMC10017672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the relevant factors for suicidality in individuals with conduct problems is a public health concern, especially if they were under the influence of mood disorders later in life. This study investigates the relationship between youth conduct problems and mood disorders and adulthood suicidality, and to further explore the mediating effects of personality on this relationship. A retrospective cohort study was administered to 308 individuals aged 20-65 years, with or without mood disorders diagnosed by psychiatrists. The Composite International Diagnosis Interview was used to evaluate conduct problems in youth and suicidality (i.e., suicide plan and suicide attempt) in the past year. Personality traits were assessed using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised for extraversion and neuroticism. Multiple-mediator analysis was used to investigate the mediation effects of personality traits on the relationship between conduct problems and suicidality. The average age of enrolled participants was 31.6 years, and 42.5% of them were female. 39.2% reported suicidality and 43.2% reported conduct problems in youth. Participants who were diagnosed with mood disorders (p < 0.001) and reported having conduct problems (p = 0.004) were associated with high suicidality. Multiple-mediator analysis showed that conduct problems in youth increased the risk of adulthood suicidality through the indirect effects of higher neuroticism (suicide plan: OR = 1.30, BCA 95% CI = 1.04-1.83; suicide attempt: OR = 1.27, BCA 95% CI = 1.05-1.66). Neuroticism mediates the association between youth conduct problems and adulthood suicidality. This finding raises our attention to assess personality traits in individuals with youth conduct problems for designing proper intervention strategies to reduce the risk of suicide.
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Shared genetic influences between depression and conduct disorder in children and adolescents: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2023; 322:31-38. [PMID: 36356897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The co-occurrence between major depression disorder (MDD) and conduct disorder (CD) is common across development and represents a significant risk factor for future psychiatric problems and long-term impairment. Large-scale quantitative genetic studies suggest that the MDD-CD co-occurrence may be partly explained by shared genetic vulnerability factors, in line with transdiagnostic models of psychopathology, but no systematic synthesis of the literature is currently available. METHODS We therefore conducted a systematic review of the available genetic literature on the co-occurrence between MDD and CD in children and adolescents. We identified 10 eligible studies, including 5 cross-sectional bivariate/multivariate twin studies, 3 longitudinal bivariate/multivariate twin studies, and 2 latent profile/trajectory twin studies. RESULTS Most of the reviewed studies found a strong contribution of shared genetic factors on the covariation between depression and conduct problems, in line with the prominent effect of a common genetic liability across development. LIMITATIONS The scientific literature on this psychiatric comorbidity is still limited, as it solely consists of twin studies from high income countries. CONCLUSION Considering the joint burden of MDD and CD on youth, families and society worldwide, future studies are needed to better investigate the shared risk processes of these frequently co-occurring conditions, in order to inform new treatments through personalized medicine.
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De Francesco S, Scaini S, Alessandri G, Medda E, Camoni L, Stazi MA, Fagnani C. Age-Related Variations of Genetic and Environmental Contributions to the Covariation of Fear, Distress and Externalizing Symptoms: A Twin Study in Childhood and Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01498-w. [PMID: 36694087 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The frequency with which Internalizing and Externalizing symptoms co-occur suggests that, behind both domains, there may be a common susceptibility represented by a general psychopathology factor. However, it's still unclear whether this common susceptibility is affected by age-related variations. Internalizing (i.e., Fear and Distress) and Externalizing symptoms were evaluated in 803 twin pairs from the population-based Italian Twin Registry. Model-fitting analysis was performed separately in the 6-14 and 15-18 age groups to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to the covariance among symptoms. For the 6-14 group, a multivariate Cholesky model best fitted the data, while, for the 15-18 group, the best fit was provided by a Common Pathway model in which nearly 50% of total variance of each trait was mediated by common genetic factors. Our findings support a common susceptibility behind Internalizing and Externalizing symptoms, mainly genetic in origin, that becomes more evident at the beginning of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Scaini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Alessandri
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Camoni
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Stazi
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Tan HX, Md Kamal A, Thurairajasingam S, Phipps ME. Addressing Emotional Dysregulation and Potential Pharmacogenetic Implication of 5-HTTLPR Genotype in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Complex Psychiatry 2023; 9:70-88. [PMID: 37404870 PMCID: PMC10315004 DOI: 10.1159/000529732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This review unpacks the emotional presentation of externalizing behaviors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), by diving into the psychophysiology, neurophysiology, and neurogenetics in relation to executive function. The correlations among these three variables are identified, showing that standard assessments for ADHD leave out the emotional dysregulation element. This may lead to suboptimal management outcomes during the developmental progression into adolescence and adulthood. Summary The emotional impulsivity manifestation in adolescence and adulthood related to the under-managed emotional dysregulation in childhood is found to be associated with subtle confounding impact of 5-HTTLPR (serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region) genotype. The genotype of interest affects the neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and psychophysiology of the cognition for executive function. The established practice of using methylphenidate in treating ADHD surprisingly has a neurogenetic effect in targeting the genotype of interest. Methylphenidate provides neuroprotective effects throughout the neurodevelopment timeline from childhood to adulthood. Key Messages The emotional dysregulation element in ADHD which is often overlooked should be addressed to improve the prognostic outcomes in adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xuan Tan
- Medical Education Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Sunway Campus), Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Adam Md Kamal
- Medical Department, Mackay Hospital and Health Service, Mackay, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Maude Elvira Phipps
- Department of Human Genetics, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Sunway Campus), Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Loughnan R, Palmer CE, Makowski C, Thompson WK, Barch DM, Jernigan TL, Dale AM, Fan CC. Unique prediction of developmental psychopathology from genetic and familial risk. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1631-1643. [PMID: 35764363 PMCID: PMC9691563 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection is critical for easing the rising burden of psychiatric disorders. However, the specificity of psychopathological measurements and genetic predictors is unclear among youth. METHODS We measured associations between genetic risk for psychopathology (polygenic risk scores (PRS) and family history (FH) measures) and a wide range of behavioral measures in a large sample (n = 5,204) of early adolescent participants (9-11 years) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development StudySM . Associations were measured both with and without accounting for shared variance across measures of genetic risk. RESULTS When controlling for genetic risk for other psychiatric disorders, polygenic risk for problematic opioid use (POU) is uniquely associated with lower behavioral inhibition. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression (DEP), and attempted suicide (SUIC) PRS shared many significant associations with externalizing, internalizing, and psychosis-related behaviors. However, when accounting for all measures of genetic and familial risk, these PRS also showed clear, unique patterns of association. Polygenic risk for ASD, BIP, and SCZ, and attempted suicide uniquely predicted variability in cognitive performance. FH accounted for unique variability in behavior above and beyond PRS and vice versa, with FH measures explaining a greater proportion of unique variability compared to the PRS. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that, among youth, many behaviors show shared genetic influences; however, there is also specificity in the profile of emerging psychopathologies for individuals with high genetic risk for particular disorders. This may be useful for quantifying early, differential risk for psychopathology in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Loughnan
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Clare E. Palmer
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Carolina Makowski
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, USA
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics, University of California San Diego, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis USA
| | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, USA
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, USA
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics, University of California San Diego, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, USA
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Blondino CT, Prom-Wormley EC. A network approach to substance use, internalizing, and externalizing comorbidity in U.S. adults. Addict Behav 2022; 134:107421. [PMID: 35878503 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of conventional cigarettes (CIG), alcohol, marijuana, and sedatives [i.e., benzodiazepines and barbiturates]) commonly co-occur with internalizing and externalizing disorders. It is unclear how these relationships extend to electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) and prescription drugs not prescribed (i.e., sedatives, tranquilizers, and painkillers [PDNP]), and whether they differ by gender. METHODS Adult data (N = 30,211) from Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study were used to estimate a network of current or past-month use for six substances, experiencing four internalizing symptoms in the past month, and experiencing seven externalizing symptoms in the past month. Visual comparisons, global strength invariance, network structure invariance, and edge strength invariance were tested to detail substance use and internalizing/externalizing symptom networks. RESULTS Overall, networks were consistent between men and women. The strongest substance use/mental health symptom connections estimated as edge-weights (EW) were between marijuana with lying (EW = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.49; 0.70), marijuana with engaging in fights (EW = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.27; 0.81), PDNP with having trouble sleeping (EW = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.40; 0.66), and alcohol and impulsivity (EW = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.42; 0.53). DISCUSSION There were many weak connections throughout the substance use and internalizing/externalizing network. A few important connections were identified and encourage future study. In particular, PDNP was most strongly associated with internalizing symptoms. Marijuana, alcohol and PDNP use were most strongly associated with externalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney T Blondino
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA.
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Internalizing-Externalizing Comorbidity and Impaired Functioning in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101547. [PMID: 36291483 PMCID: PMC9600065 DOI: 10.3390/children9101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity of mental illnesses is common in child and adolescent psychiatry. Children with internalizing-externalizing comorbidity often experience worse health outcomes compared to children with a single diagnosis. Greater knowledge of functioning among children with internalizing-externalizing comorbidity can help improve mental health care. OBJECTIVE The objective of this exploratory study was to examine whether internalizing-externalizing comorbidity was associated with impaired functioning in children currently receiving mental health services. METHODS The data came from a cross-sectional clinical sample of 100 children aged 4-17 with mental illness and their parents recruited from an academic pediatric hospital. The current mental illnesses in children were measured using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID), and the level of functioning was measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0. Linear regression was used to estimate the association between internalizing-externalizing comorbidity and level of functioning, adjusting for demographic, psychosocial, and geographic covariates. RESULTS Internalizing-externalizing comorbidity in children was associated with worse functioning compared to children with strictly internalizing comorbidities, β = 0.32 (p = 0.041). Among covariates, parent's psychological distress, β = 0.01 (p = 0.004), and distance to the pediatric hospital, β = 0.38 (p = 0.049) were associated with worse functioning in children. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals should be mindful that children with internalizing-externalizing comorbidity may experience worsening functioning that is disruptive to daily activities and should use this information when making decisions about care. Given the exploratory nature of this study, additional research with larger and more diverse samples of children is warranted.
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Marceau K, Yu L, Knopik VS, Ganiban JM, Neiderhiser JM. Intergenerational transmission of psychopathology: An examination of symptom severity and directionality. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1-14. [PMID: 36097811 PMCID: PMC10008754 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the intergenerational transmission of internalizing and externalizing symptom severity, which indexes comorbidity, and symptom directionality, which indicates differentiation toward externalizing versus internalizing problems. Data are from 854 male and female, same-sex adult twin pairs born between 1926 and 1971 (32-60 years old, M = 44.9 years, SD = 4.9 years) from the Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden and their adolescent offspring (11-22 years old, M = 15.7 years, SD = 2.4 years, 52% female). Children-of-twins models revealed additive (9%) and dominant (45%) genetic and nonshared environmental (47%) influences on twins' symptom severity, and additive genetic (39%) and nonshared environmental (61%) influences on twins' symptom directionality. Both comorbid problems and preponderance of symptoms of a particular - internalizing versus externalizing - spectrum were correlated across parent and child generations, although associations were modest especially for directionality (i.e., transmission of specific symptom type). By interpreting findings alongside a recent study of adolescent twins, we demonstrate that the intergenerational transmission of symptom severity and symptom directionality are both unlikely to be attributable to genetic transmission, are both likely to be influenced by direct phenotypic transmission and/or nonpassive rGE, and the intergenerational transmission of symptom severity is also likely to be influenced by passive rGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jody M Ganiban
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jenae M Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Seaton EK, White RMB, Pasco MC, Sheehan C. The associations among racial discrimination, pubertal timing, neighborhoods, and mental health among U.S. Mexican boys. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022; 77:678-690. [PMID: 35157477 PMCID: PMC9336515 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study addressed gaps in puberty and weathering research by examining the relation between peer racial discrimination, pubertal timing, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and neighborhood context among a longitudinal sample of U.S. Mexican boys. Using three waves of data (N = 383; mean ages: 10.3-15.8 years), we examined the weathering hypothesis: Whether peer racial discrimination experiences in late childhood predicted earlier pubertal timing in adolescence and subsequent mental health problems. We also examined whether variability in youths' neighborhood contexts qualified these associations. Consistent with the weathering hypothesis, exposure to peer racial discrimination in 5th grade, predicated earlier pubertal timing in the 7th grade, which, in turn, predicted increases in internalizing symptoms in the 10th grade. However, this pattern only applied to boys residing in neighborhoods with higher levels of Latinx concentration in 5th grade. Additionally, early timing in the 7th grade predicted increases in externalizing symptoms, but this association was significant only when boys lived in neighborhoods that were lower on Latinx concentration. There was evidence of weathering in context with specific implications for internalizing symptoms, and that neighborhood Latinx concentration was both inhibiting and promoting at unique places in the hypothesized model. The findings advance existing understandings of weathering patterns and individual variation in pubertal timing among U.S. Mexican boys. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor K Seaton
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | - Rebecca M B White
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | - Michelle C Pasco
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
| | - Connor Sheehan
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
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Kendler KS, Lönn SL, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. The actions and interactions of family genetic risk scores for alcohol use disorder and major depression on the risk for these two disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2022; 189:128-138. [PMID: 35779072 PMCID: PMC10016432 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We know little about how genetic risk factors for two disorders jointly act and interact in predisposing to illness. Therefore, in the Swedish population, born 1970-1990 (n = 2,116,082) and followed through 2015, we examine, using additive Cox models, the impact of the family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and major depression (MD), their interaction with each other and with the relevant comorbid disorder on risk for AUD and MD. FGRS scores are constructed using rates of illness in first-fourth degree relatives. FGRS for AUD and MD interacted in predicting of both disorders and one FRGS (e.g., for AUD) interacted with the phenotype of MD to predict that disorder (e.g., AUD). These FGRS interactions were not substantially attenuated by adding interactions with the disorders. These results replicated across sexes. In predicting risk for a given disorder, we rarely consider genetic liabilities for other disorders. But such effects were here significant and interactive. Furthermore, the primary disorder genetic risk interacts with comorbid disorders. The pathways to risk for disorders from their and other disorders' genetic liability may be more complex than commonly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara L Lönn
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
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White RMB, Kho C, Nair RL. U.S. Mexican-Origin Adolescents' Well-Being in the Context of Neighborhood White Concentration: Dismantling Systems of Racism and Oppression during Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:470-486. [PMID: 34958152 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To address injustices that privilege whiter neighborhoods, many advocate for residential integration. The developmental consequences of greater exposure to whiteness associated with integration, however, are unclear. Research examining BIPOC adolescent development within the context of intraindividual changes in neighborhood white concentration-the changes that take place if an adolescent moves to a whiter neighborhood or if their neighborhood becomes whiter-is needed. We examined trajectories of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a longitudinal sample of U.S. Mexican adolescents (N = 749; 48.9% girls; 70.2% born in the United States). When adolescents experienced an uptick in neighborhood white concentration, they experienced a corresponding uptick in externalizing symptoms. We discuss the impacts of navigating whiter neighborhoods for U.S. Mexican adolescent well-being.
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La Barrie DL, Zegarac M, Mekawi Y, Kuzyk E, Stenson A, Jovanovic T, Bradley B, Powers A. The role of specific emotion dysregulation facets in the association between child violence exposure and psychopathology. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2022:2022-65162-001. [PMID: 35617258 PMCID: PMC10214413 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE African Americans living in low-income urban environments are disproportionately exposed to violence compared to other racial groups. Child exposure to community violence is linked to adverse psychological outcomes, including externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Emotion dysregulation may be one psychological process through which externalizing and internalizing behaviors develop in the context of childhood violence exposure. However, limited research exists on how different aspects of emotion dysregulation are affected by community violence exposure in children. METHOD The present study examined whether violence exposure was indirectly associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors via facets of emotion dysregulation in a sample of 94 African American mother-child dyads. Mothers and children completed measures to assess child community violence exposure, externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and emotion dysregulation (anger, sadness, and worry dysregulation). RESULTS Results indicated that maternal report of child community violence exposure was indirectly associated with externalizing behaviors via anger dysregulation and internalizing behaviors via worry dysregulation. Child report of community violence exposure was also indirectly associated with externalizing behavior via anger dysregulation; however, there were no significant associations with internalizing behavior. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that certain components of emotion dysregulation serve as an indirect pathway of influence for community violence exposure on child behavior, and the pathways differ between externalizing and internalizing behavior outcomes. Emotion dysregulation may serve as an important potential treatment target in reducing long-term risks associated with violence exposure in urban communities of color. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yara Mekawi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Eva Kuzyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Anais Stenson
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
- Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
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Donolato E, Cardillo R, Mammarella IC, Melby-Lervåg M. Research Review: Language and specific learning disorders in children and their co-occurrence with internalizing and externalizing problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:507-518. [PMID: 34747025 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies suggest that children with language and learning disorders (LLDs) show more internalizing and externalizing problems than their peers. However, the available evidence remains inconsistent, especially regarding the conditions under which these psychological problems occur. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of studies comparing children with LLDs and controls on internalizing (53 independent samples, 135 effect sizes) and externalizing problems (37 independent samples, 61 effect sizes) separately. RESULTS Children with LLDs showed higher internalizing (Hedges' g = 0.36) and externalizing problems (Hedges' g = 0.42) than controls did. The group standardized difference in internalizing problems was moderated by the primary disorder, with children with language disorders showing more internalizing problems than those with reading disorders. The severity of the primary disorder, IQ, and age did not moderate Hedge's g between children with LLDs and controls in internalizing and externalizing outcomes. The same pattern was found for gender as a moderator of Hedge's g in internalizing problems, while findings for externalizing problems were inconclusive. The results were consistent when methodological variables were assessed, also for informant, sample size, and geographical area. Clinical samples with LLDs reported higher internalizing problems respect to those with difficulties, but findings on externalizing outcomes were limited. Similarly, results on the presence of additional symptoms in learning and language, self-concept, and socioeconomic status were inconclusive, as few studies reported this information. Results were robust when publication bias, publication year, and study quality were assessed. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that children with LLDs report higher internalizing and externalizing problems than controls do. Children with language disorders seemed more vulnerable to report more internalizing problems, and clinical samples reported higher problems than those with difficulties. For clinical practice, assessment and interventions should target socioemotional skills to support the psychological well-being of children with LLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Donolato
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ramona Cardillo
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Irene C Mammarella
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Suor JH, Calentino AE, Granros M, Burkhouse KL. Maternal Error-Related Negativity Relationship With Offspring Error-Related Negativity and Negative Parenting Styles: A Novel Model of Internalizing Psychopathology Risk. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:435-442. [PMID: 34688921 PMCID: PMC8995320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential component reflecting neural sensitivity to errors and threat, has been theorized to represent an endophenotype of internalizing psychopathologies (IPs). We tested whether intergenerational transmission of ERN patterns may confer risk for internalizing symptoms. We examined associations among maternal and offspring ERN and offspring internalizing symptoms. Given the role of parenting in IP risk, we also explored how maternal negative parenting styles related to maternal ERN and offspring internalizing symptoms. METHODS Participants included 117 biological mother-child dyads (ages 9-16 years, 70.9% female). Of these, 72 mothers had a history of major depression (32 with lifetime anxiety), and 45 had no history of psychiatric illness. Dyads completed psychiatric interviews, parenting questionnaires, and a flanker task to elicit the ERN while an electroencephalogram was recorded. RESULTS Path analyses revealed that maternal ERN was significantly associated with enhanced offspring ERN and greater negative parenting styles. Enhanced offspring ERN and maternal negative parenting styles were significantly related to greater internalizing symptoms in offspring. Maternal ERN had a significant indirect effect on offspring internalizing symptoms through offspring ERN and maternal negative parenting styles, above the effects of self-reported maternal internalizing symptoms. Maternal IP history did not moderate pathways. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that enhanced maternal ERN is indirectly associated with greater offspring internalizing symptoms through its relationship to offspring ERN and negative parenting styles. Future longitudinal work is needed to evaluate the temporal timing and directionality of these tested pathways and their clinical implications for the prevention of IPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Suor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Alison E Calentino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Maria Granros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Yu X, Wang LL, Liu MM, Li QL, Dai XY, Li LG. Internalizing Behavior Problems Among the Left-Behind Children of the Hui Nationality in Rural China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:887-902. [PMID: 35437358 PMCID: PMC9013251 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s347639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The internalizing behavior problems (IBPs) of left-behind children (LBC) due to parental migration are a widespread public health concern in China. A previous study showed that the detection rate of behavioral problems in the Hui was far higher than in the LBC of the Han nationality. However, to date, limited research has focused on IBPs in Chinese LBC of the Hui nationality. The aims of this present study are to explore the prevalence of IBPs and the influencing factors among the Hui LBC in the rural areas of China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among school students from the southern rural areas in Ningxia, China (2012–2013). The caregivers or parents assessed IBPs using Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist for parents. The children completed the Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran, Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Piers–Harris Children’s Self-concept Scale. Data on 383 Hui LBC aged 6–16 y were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between the independent variables and children’s internalizing behaviors. Results Among the Hui population, the prevalence of IBPs in LBC and non-left-behind children (non-LBC) was 21.67% (83 of 383) and 18.18% (104 of 572), respectively, with no significant difference between these two groups (χ2 = 1.77 and P = 0.18). However, among males of the Hui population, the prevalence of IBPs in LBC was 22.16%, which is significantly higher than in non-LBC (14.07%; χ2 = 5.07; and P = 0.02). By controlling for gender and age, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a mother highly favoring the subject (odds ratio [OR] = 2.70), average levels of neuroticism (OR = 9.01), and high levels of neuroticism (OR = 8.44) were risk factors for IBPs in Hui LBC. Conclusion Our findings suggest that IBPs among male LBC of the Hui nationality in rural China were positively related to parental migration. Positive measures should be taken to prevent IBPs of male LBC of the Hui nationality in rural China in terms of personality development and parental childrearing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xue Yu, Department of Psychiatry Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, No. 13 Jintai Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-137-1862-8959, Email
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- Clinical Psychiatry 16, Luoyang Fifth People’s Hospital-Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao-Miao Liu
- Mental Health Education Center, Yinchuan University of Energy, Yongning, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Li Li
- Mental Health Education Consulting Center, College of Clinic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Ying Dai
- Mental Health Education Consulting Center, College of Clinic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Gui Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
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Askari MS, Rutherford CG, Mauro PM, Kreski NT, Keyes KM. Structure and trends of externalizing and internalizing psychiatric symptoms and gender differences among adolescents in the US from 1991 to 2018. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:737-748. [PMID: 34773140 PMCID: PMC8589095 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to estimate the structure of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and potential time dynamics in their association. This is understudied among adolescents, despite increasing internalizing and decreasing externalizing symptoms in recent years. METHODS We analyzed data from US Monitoring the Future cross-sectional surveys (1991-2018) representative of school-attending adolescents (N = 304,542). Exploratory factor analysis using maximum likelihood estimation method and promax rotation resulted in a two-factor solution (factor correlation r = 0.24) that differentiated eight internalizing and seven conduct-related externalizing symptoms. Time-varying effect modification linear regression models estimated the association between standardized internalizing and externalizing symptoms factor scores over time overall and by gender. RESULTS In 2012, trends in average factor scores diverged for internalizing and externalizing factors. The average standardized internalizing factor score increased from - 0.03 in 2012 to 0.06 in 2013 and the average externalizing factor score decreased from - 0.06 in 2011 to - 0.13 in 2012. We found that for every one-unit increase in standardized internalizing factor score, standardized externalizing factor score increased by 0.224 units in 2010 (95% CI: 0.215, 0.233); the magnitude of this increase was 22.3% lower in 2018 (i.e., 0.174 units; 95% CI: 0.160, 0.188). Decoupling of internalizing and externalizing symptoms began earlier among boys (~ 1995) than among girls (~ 2010). CONCLUSION The decoupling of internalizing and externalizing symptoms among adolescents suggests that changes in the prevalence of shared risk factors for adolescent psychiatric symptoms affect these dimensions in opposing directions, raising the importance of considering symptoms and their risk factors together in prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Askari
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Caroline G Rutherford
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Pia M Mauro
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Noah T Kreski
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Raposo B, Francisco R. Emotional (dys)Regulation and Family Environment in (non)Clinical Adolescents’ Internalizing Problems: The Mediating Role of Well-Being. Front Psychol 2022; 13:703762. [PMID: 35432095 PMCID: PMC9008278 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.703762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of several changes and a time when young people are confronted with some difficult tasks of dealing with a diversity of emotions and building their own identity. Therefore, it is a period of higher vulnerability for the development of internalizing problems. The present paper aims to study some constructs considered relevant to adolescents’ adjustment and/or internalizing disorders, emphasizing the role of well-being, emotional regulation and family environment. Therefore, this research aims to (1) test the mediating role of well-being in the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties, the family environment, and internalizing problems, and (2) understand the differences between adolescents with a higher and lower risk of presenting internalizing problems. In the study, 723 adolescents of both sexes (12–18 years old) from middle to high school completed self-report questionnaires. The results indicated that the mediating role of well-being was partially established between emotional regulation difficulties and internalizing problems, explaining 31% of the variance in these problems. Well-being was also considered a partial mediator between family environment (cohesion and support and conflict) and internalizing problems, explaining 19 and 26% of the variance, respectively. Furthermore, the group with a higher risk of developing internalizing problems (n = 130) revealed higher levels of emotional regulation difficulties and family conflict. In contrast, this group reported less family cohesion and support and lower levels of well-being. The main results of the present study provide relevant data in the context of clinical practice. Important implications are also discussed for the design of psychopathology prevention programs and the promotion of global well-being with adolescents. Considering the limitations of the present study, such as the nonrandom sampling process and the reduced number of participants included in the clinical group, these results need to be deepened in future research in this area.
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Cooke JE, Deneault AA, Devereux C, Eirich R, Fearon RMP, Madigan S. Parental sensitivity and child behavioral problems: A meta-analytic review. Child Dev 2022; 93:1231-1248. [PMID: 35357693 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analytic associations between observed parental sensitivity and child behavioral problems were examined (children aged 0-17 years). Studies (k = 108, N = 28,114) contained sociodemographically diverse samples, primarily from North America and Europe, reporting on parent-child dyads (95% mothers; 54% boys). Sensitivity significantly related to internalizing (k = 69 studies; N = 14,729; r = -.08, 95% CI [-.12, -.05]) and externalizing (k = 94; N = 25,418; r = -.14, 95% CI [-.17, -.11]) problems, with stronger associations found for externalizing. For internalizing problems, associations were significantly stronger among samples with low socioeconomic status (SES) versus mid-high SES, in peer-reviewed versus unpublished dissertations, and in studies using composite versus single scale sensitivity measures. No other moderators emerged as significant.
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Perez TM, Mathew J, Glue P, Adhia DB, De Ridder D. Is There Evidence for the Specificity of Closed-Loop Brain Training in the Treatment of Internalizing Disorders? A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:821136. [PMID: 35360168 PMCID: PMC8960197 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.821136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Internalizing disorders (IDs), e.g., major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are the most prevalent psychopathologies experienced worldwide. Current first-line therapies (i.e., pharmacotherapy and/or psychotherapy) offer high failure rates, limited accessibility, and substantial side-effects. Electroencephalography (EEG) guided closed-loop brain training, also known as EEG-neurofeedback (EEG-NFB), is believed to be a safe and effective alternative, however, there is much debate in the field regarding the existence of specificity [i.e., clinical effects specific to the modulation of the targeted EEG variable(s)]. This review was undertaken to determine if there is evidence for EEG-NFB specificity in the treatment of IDs. Methods We considered only randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trials. Outcomes of interest included self/parent/teacher reports and clinician ratings of ID-related symptomatology. Results Of the four reports (total participant number = 152) meeting our eligibility criteria, three had point estimates suggesting small to moderate effect sizes favoring genuine therapy over sham, however, due to small sample sizes, all 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were wide and spanned the null. The fourth trial had yet to post results as of the submission date of this review. The limited overall number of eligible reports (and participants), large degree of inter-trial heterogeneity, and restricted span of ID populations with published/posted outcome data (i.e., PTSD and OCD) precluded a quantitative synthesis. Discussion The current literature suggests that EEG-NFB may induce specific effects in the treatment of some forms of IDs, however, the evidence is very limited. Ultimately, more randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trials encompassing a wider array of ID populations are needed to determine the existence and, if present, degree of EEG-NFB specificity in the treatment of IDs. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42020159702].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Michael Perez
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jerin Mathew
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Paul Glue
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Divya B. Adhia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Campos C, Pasion R, Azeredo A, Ramião E, Mazer P, Macedo I, Barbosa F. Refining the link between psychopathy, antisocial behavior, and empathy: A meta-analytical approach across different conceptual frameworks. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 94:102145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Watson D, Levin-Aspenson HF, Waszczuk MA, Conway CC, Dalgleish T, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hobbs KA, Michelini G, Nelson BD, Sellbom M, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Waldman I, Witthöft M, Wright AGC, Kotov R, Krueger RF. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2022; 21:26-54. [PMID: 35015357 PMCID: PMC8751579 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a quantitative nosological system that addresses shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, including arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co-occurrence, substantial heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic unreliability over time and across clinicians. This paper reviews evidence on the validity and utility of the internalizing and somatoform spectra of HiTOP, which together provide support for an emotional dysfunction superspectrum. These spectra are composed of homogeneous symptom and maladaptive trait dimensions currently subsumed within multiple diagnostic classes, including depressive, anxiety, trauma-related, eating, bipolar, and somatic symptom disorders, as well as sexual dysfunction and aspects of personality disorders. Dimensions falling within the emotional dysfunction superspectrum are broadly linked to individual differences in negative affect/neuroticism. Extensive evidence establishes that dimensions falling within the superspectrum share genetic diatheses, environmental risk factors, cognitive and affective difficulties, neural substrates and biomarkers, childhood temperamental antecedents, and treatment response. The structure of these validators mirrors the quantitative structure of the superspectrum, with some correlates more specific to internalizing or somatoform conditions, and others common to both, thereby underlining the hierarchical structure of the domain. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the internalizing and somatoform spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and greater clinical applicability. Validated measures are currently available to implement the HiTOP system in practice, which can make diagnostic classification more useful, both in research and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | | | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate - West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kelsey A Hobbs
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Witthöft
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Etkin P, De Caluwé E, Ibáñez MI, Ortet G, Mezquita L. Personality development and its associations with the bifactor model of psychopathology in adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marceau K, Neiderhiser J. Generalist genes and specialist environments for adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems: A test of severity and directionality. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:379-386. [PMID: 33070802 PMCID: PMC8053717 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The generalist genes specialist environment model, when applied to developmental psychopathology, predicts that genetic influences should explain variance that is shared across internalizing and externalizing problems, whereas environmental influences should explain variance that distinguishes the two overarching problem types. The present study is a direct test of this hypothesis, leveraging a sample of 708 twins and siblings (aged 10-18 years, 93% White) from the United States. Measures of severity of symptoms, regardless of type, and of directionality of symptoms - whether the adolescent tended to exhibit more externalizing or internalizing problems - were subjected to genetic (A), shared environmental (C), and nonshared environmental (E) (ACE) variance decompositions. As expected, severity of problems was under substantial genetic influence, but there were also significant shared and nonshared environmental influences. Contrary to the generalist genes specialist environment model, directionality of problem type was also under considerable genetic influence, with modest nonshared environmental influence. Findings corroborate existing evidence from other designs highlighting the role of familial influences (including generalist genes) in comorbidity of adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems, but suggest that the specialist environments hypothesis may not be the key factor in distinguishing problem type.
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Stefanek E, Bleis T, Schwab M, Spiel G. Outcomes and Mechanisms of Change of the Strengthening Families Program in a Clinical Sample of Children and Their Families in Austria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1074. [PMID: 35162098 PMCID: PMC8833924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Family context and parenting behavior have the greatest influence on children's mental health and well-being, and interventions that take the whole family system into account are promising. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes, i.e., family strength, parenting behavior, and child behavior, of the Strengthening Families Program (SFP), developed by Kumpfer which was implemented in an outpatient clinic of a community-based non-governmental organization in Austria between 2012 and 2018. Furthermore, the program's mechanism of change as formulated by the program authors (i.e., to what extent parenting behavior mediates the relationship between family strength and child behavior) was tested in this clinical sample. Instruments measuring family strength, parenting behavior, and child behavior were administered before, immediately after, and 6 months after participation in the SFP. To test the mechanisms of change, a half-longitudinal model was applied with two measurement points (before and after). A total of 62 families (50 boys, 24 girls, and 69 parents) participated in the culturally adapted SFP. Regarding the outcomes of the program, all variables yielded significant improvement in all variables. With respect to the mechanism of change, no significant association between the variables could be found. Implications for the implementation of the SFP in a clinical population and how further adaptation of the program could enhance the adherence of this target group are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Stefanek
- Pro Mente Forschung (Pro Mente Research), 1050 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Tanja Bleis
- Pro Mente: Kinder Jugend Familie (Pro Mente: Children Youth Family), 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria;
| | - Markus Schwab
- Pro Mente Forschung (Pro Mente Research), 1050 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Georg Spiel
- Pro Mente Forschung (Pro Mente Research), 1050 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (G.S.)
- Pro Mente: Kinder Jugend Familie (Pro Mente: Children Youth Family), 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria;
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Khanijahani A, Sualp K. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Neighborhood Support, and Internalizing and Externalizing Mental Disorders among 6-17 years old US Children: Evidence from a Population-Based Study. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:166-178. [PMID: 33709281 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We pooled data from four years (2016-2019) of the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) and included a nationally representative sample of 6 to 17 years old US children (N = 94,369; Mean age = 11.53 years, Standard Deviation [SD] = 3.53). Among 6-17-year-old US children, about 48% had a lifelong exposure to at least one of nine Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), and 18.7% had a current diagnosis of at least one of four mental disorders. We examined the association between ACEs, neighborhood support, and mental disorders using several logistic regression models. More types of lifelong ACEs and lower neighborhood support were associated with a higher diagnosis of internalizing (anxiety/depression) and externalizing (ADHD/behavior problems) mental disorders (odds ratio [OR] > 1, and p < .001 for all relationships). After controlling for neighborhood support in the models, the odds ratios for ACEs attenuated but remained significant in all models regardless of mental disorder type or age group. However, the odds ratios for neighborhood support were larger for the association with ADHD/behavior problems than anxiety/depression. Moreover, odds ratios for neighborhood support levels were higher for older children (12-17 years old) compared to younger (6-11 years old) children. Higher neighborhood support appears to mitigate the adverse effects of ACEs on mental disorders, especially externalizing mental disorders (anxiety/depression) among adolescents (12-17 years old).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Khanijahani
- Department of Health Administration and Public Health, John G. Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Kenan Sualp
- Department of Public Affairs, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Baginski BN, Byrne KA, Demosthenes L, Roth PJ. Examining Internalizing Mental Health Correlates of Addiction Severity in Patients Hospitalized With Medical Complications From Substance Use Disorder. Subst Abuse 2022; 16:11782218221115583. [PMID: 35990751 PMCID: PMC9382059 DOI: 10.1177/11782218221115583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Comorbidities between Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and mental health
disorders are highly prevalent, yet there remains a lack of information
regarding how mental health conditions may affect addiction severity.
Consequently, this study sought to investigate the relationship between
internalizing disorders (anxiety and mood disorders) and addiction severity
in patients hospitalized for SUD-related medical complications. Individual
difference predictors and history of prior treatment for SUD were also
examined. Methods: Participants (N = 200) were hospitalized patients who consented to receive
peer-based recovery support services for their SUD. To be eligible for the
study, participants needed to have a SUD diagnosis due to alcohol, opioids,
methamphetamine, cocaine, or a combination of these substances
(polysubstance use). Participants completed self-report questionnaires
regarding demographics, mental health history, prior SUD treatment, and
addiction severity (Drug and Alcohol Screening Test; DAST-10) during their
hospitalization. Results: Results showed that patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
(M = 6.68, SD = 2.97) had greater addiction severity
compared to those without GAD (M = 5.41, SD = 3.34),
P = .016. Addiction severity results stratified by SUD
type showed that the relationship was significant among patients with
Alcohol Use Disorder (P = .014), but not among those with
other SUD types (Ps > .27). Major Depressive Disorder
(MDD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were not linked to addiction
severity. Among those with GAD, 81.4% had previously been to treatment
compared to only 53.1% of those without GAD, P = .010. The
only participant characteristic linked with addiction severity was insurance
status. Conclusions: GAD may represent a risk factor for advanced alcohol addiction trajectories,
including greater addiction severity and severe health complications
requiring inpatient hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryana N Baginski
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | | | - Lauren Demosthenes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Prerana J Roth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC, USA
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47
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Muratori P, Paciello M, Castro E, Levantini V, Masi G, Milone A, Senese VP, Pisano S, Catone G. At-risk early adolescents profiles in the community: A cluster analysis using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114209. [PMID: 34543850 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early adolescence, with its several changes and demands, represents a delicate period of life. Several studies highlighted that during early adolescence, emotional and behavioral problems tend to increase. Using a person-centered approach, the present study explored the emotional and behavioral functioning profiles in a sample of Italian preadolescent students. Participants were 2959 youths (1533 males and 1426 females; age 10-14 years); they completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Inventory of Callous Unemotional traits (ICU). Findings revealed four different profiles: "no psychopathology" (41.5%), "low psychopathology with sub-threshold hyperactivity" (33%), "predominantly internalizing" (19%), and "predominantly externalizing" (6.5%). The two latter clusters are characterized by high levels of SDQ Total Score. The "predominantly internalizing" is distinguished by a higher prevalence of females, and the "predominantly externalizing" by a higher prevalence of males and higher CU traits. A person-oriented approach allowed for identifying subgroups of early adolescents who may significantly vary in their configuration of internalizing and externalizing problems. Such subgroups may reflect youths for whom the creation of prevention and intervention programs could be more tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Muratori
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Emanuela Castro
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Levantini
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simone Pisano
- Department of Neuroscience, Santobono-Pausilipon Hospital, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Catone
- Department of Educational, Psychological and Communication Sciences, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Italy
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48
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Henderson JL, Wilkins LK, Hawke LD, Wang W, Sanches M, Brownlie EB, Beitchman JH. Longitudinal Emergence of Concurrent Mental Health and Substance Use Concerns in an Ontario School-Based Sample: The Research and Action for Teens Study. JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY = JOURNAL DE L'ACADEMIE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE DE L'ENFANT ET DE L'ADOLESCENT 2021; 30:249-263. [PMID: 34777508 PMCID: PMC8561851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study characterizes patterns of mental health, substance use and their co-occurrence, and identifies developmental trajectories associated with progression from single to concurrent mental health and substance use concerns in an Ontario school-based population. It is a longitudinal extension of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Mental Health Survey, as part of the RAFT collaborative project. METHODS In this study, an Ontario-wide survey was administered to students across three biennial waves starting in grades 7-8 (ages 12-14). We explored how developmental patterns of externalizing, internalizing and co-occurring symptoms were differentially associated with late-adolescent (ages 17-19) problematic substance use. RESULTS On average, students exhibited early (ages 12-14) moderate risk of an internalizing and/or externalizing disorder and approached the low threshold for a diagnostic concern for substance use disorder at age 17-19. The pattern confirmed a potential pathway from early mental health concerns to later adolescent problematic substance use, with rates of co-occurrence increasing with age. Youth with early moderate-to high externalizing and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptomology had the highest levels of problematic substance use, with scores indicating high likelihood of a substance use disorder diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Given the overall pattern of progression, early identification and referral of at-risk youth, especially youth with co-occurring mental health concerns, is of critical importance. Findings support the importance of integrated and co-located mental health and substance use services for youth to more effectively serve a diverse population of youth with varying levels of need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Henderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Wei Wang
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Marcos Sanches
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - E B Brownlie
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Joseph H Beitchman
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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49
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Furlong S, Cohen JR, Hopfinger J, Snyder J, Robertson MM, Sheridan MA. Resting-state EEG Connectivity in Young Children with ADHD. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2021; 50:746-762. [PMID: 32809852 PMCID: PMC7889746 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1796680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent and impairing neurodevelopmental disorder. While early childhood is a crucial time for early intervention, it is characterized by instability of ADHD diagnosis. Neural correlates of ADHD have potential to improve diagnostic accuracy; however, minimal research has focused on early childhood. Research indicates that disrupted neural connectivity is associated with ADHD in older children. Here, we explore network connectivity as a potential neural correlate of ADHD diagnosis in early childhood.Method: We collected EEG data in 52 medication-naïve children with ADHD and in 77 typically developing controls (3-7 years). Data was collected with the EGI 128 HydroCel Sensor Net System, but to optimize the ICA, the data was down sampled to the 10-10 system. Connectivity was measured as the synchronization of the time series of each pair of electrodes. Subsequent analyses utilized graph theoretical methods to further characterize network connectivity.Results: Increased global efficiency, which measures the efficiency of information transfer across the entire brain, was associated with increased inattentive symptom severity. Further, this association was robust to controls for age, IQ, SES, and internalizing psychopathology.Conclusions: Overall, our findings indicate that increased global efficiency, which suggests a hyper-connected neural network, is associated with elevated ADHD symptom severity. These findings extend previous work reporting disruption of neural network connectivity in older children with ADHD into early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Furlong
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica R. Cohen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Hopfinger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jenna Snyder
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madeline M. Robertson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margaret A. Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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50
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Ning K, Patalay P, L Maggs J, Ploubidis GB. Early life mental health and problematic drinking in mid-adulthood: evidence from two British birth cohorts. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1847-1858. [PMID: 33765212 PMCID: PMC8429378 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence suggests that externalising problems are consistently associated with alcohol use behaviours, but findings are inconsistent regarding the role of internalising problems. We investigate whether externalising and internalising problems are associated with problematic drinking in mid-adulthood, and whether potential associations are modified by age, sex and cohort. METHODS The National Child Development Study (NCDS58, n = 17,633) and 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70, n = 17,568) recruited new-borns in Great Britain in a single week in 1958 and 1970. Mental health was assessed with the Rutter Behaviour Questionnaire at ages 7, 11, and 16 in NCDS58 and ages 5, 10 and 16 in BCS70. Problematic drinking was measured with the CAGE questionnaire at age 33 in NCDS58 and age 34 in BCS70, and the AUDIT scale at age 44/45 in NCDS58 and age 46 in BCS70. Latent scores of externalising and internalising problems were added chronologically into lagged logistic regression models. RESULTS Externalising and internalising problems were associated in opposite directions with problematic drinking in mid-adulthood. Externalising was a risk factor (OR [95% CI] ranging from 1.06 [1.03, 1.10] to 1.11 [1.07, 1.15] for different ages), and internalising was a protective factor (OR [95% CI] ranging from 0.95 [0.92, 0.99] to 0.90 [0.86, 0.94] for different ages). Associations between early life mental health and mid-adulthood problematic drinking did not differ by developmental timing but were stronger in males. CONCLUSION Our study provides new insights on links of externalising and internalising difficulties with alcohol use and has implications for public policy in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA
| | - George B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
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