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Onaolapo MC, Alabi OD, Akano OP, Olateju BS, Okeleji LO, Adeyemi WJ, Ajayi AF. Lecithin and cardiovascular health: a comprehensive review. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:92. [PMID: 39001966 PMCID: PMC11246377 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are one of the prime causes of mortality globally. Therefore, concerted efforts are made to prevent or manage disruptions from normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Disruption in lipid metabolism is a major contributor to cardiovascular dysfunction. This review examines how lecithin impacts lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. It emphasizes lecithin's ability to reduce excess low-density lipoproteins (LDL) while specifically promoting the synthesis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, thus contributing to clearer understanding of its role in cardiovascular well-being. Emphasizing the importance of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process, the article delves into its contribution in removing surplus cholesterol from cells. This review aims to clarify existing literature on lipid metabolism, providing insights for targeted strategies in the prevention and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This review summarizes the potential of lecithin in cardiovascular health and the role of LCAT in cholesterol metabolism modulation, based on articles from 2000 to 2023 sourced from databases like MEDLINE, PubMed and the Scientific Electronic Library Online. MAIN BODY While studies suggest a positive correlation between increased LCAT activities, reduced LDL particle size and elevated serum levels of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) markers in individuals at risk of ASCVD, the review acknowledges existing controversies. The precise nature of LCAT's potential adverse effects remains uncertain, with varying reports in the literature. Notably, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea have been sporadically documented. CONCLUSIONS The review calls for a comprehensive investigation into the complexities of LCAT's impact on cardiovascular health, recognizing the need for a nuanced understanding of its potential drawbacks. Despite indications of potential benefits, conflicting findings warrant further research to clarify LCAT's role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyinoluwa Comfort Onaolapo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi Dupe Alabi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
- Anchor Biomed Research Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Physiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Martín-O’Connor R, Ramos-Levi A, Melero V, Arnoriaga-Rodriguez M, Barabash A, Valerio J, del Valle L, de Miguel P, Diaz A, Familiar C, Moraga I, Duran A, Cuesta M, Torrejón MJ, Martínez-Novillo M, Marcuello C, Pazos M, Rubio MA, Matía Matin P, Calle-Pascual AL. Early Mediterranean-Based Nutritional Intervention Reduces the Rate of Gestational Diabetes in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the San Carlos Gestational Prevention Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2206. [PMID: 39064649 PMCID: PMC11279464 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the most optimal type of nutritional intervention to prevent GDM in high-risk women is not clearly defined. This study investigates if nutritional treatment based on the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) before the 12th gestational week (GW) in women at high risk due to a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 reduces the rate of GDM and metabolic syndrome (MetS) at 3 years postpartum. We performed a post-hoc analysis of the San Carlos Gestational Prevention Study. A total of 735 women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were evaluated between 2015 and 2018, with 246 in the standard diet control group (CG) and 489 in the MedDiet intervention group (IG). The rate of GDM was significantly lower in IG compared to CG (25.1% vs. 31.7%), relative risk (95% confidence interval), and 0.89 (0.78-0.99); p = 0.037. Postnatal follow-up was completed by 141 women in CG (57%) and 312 women in IG (64%). At 3 years postpartum, we observed a reduction in the rates of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (0.51 (0.28-0.92); p = 0.019), obesity (0.51 (0.28-0.92); p = 0.041), waist circumference (WC) ≥ 89.5 cm (0.54 (0.31-0.94); p = 0.022), and MetS (0.56 (0.33-0.94); p = 0.003). MedDiet reduces the rate of GDM and postpartum MetS in women with BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, suggesting that its implementation should be routinely recommended from the first GWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Martín-O’Connor
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Ana Ramos-Levi
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Veronica Melero
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - María Arnoriaga-Rodriguez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Ana Barabash
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Medicina II Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johanna Valerio
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Laura del Valle
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Paz de Miguel
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Medicina II Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Medicina II Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Familiar
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Inmaculada Moraga
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Alejandra Duran
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Medicina II Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Cuesta
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Torrejón
- Clinical Laboratory Department Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.T.); (M.M.-N.)
| | - Mercedes Martínez-Novillo
- Clinical Laboratory Department Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.T.); (M.M.-N.)
| | - Clara Marcuello
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Mario Pazos
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Miguel A. Rubio
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Medicina II Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía Matin
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Medicina II Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso L. Calle-Pascual
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-O.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.); (M.A.-R.); (A.B.); (J.V.); (L.d.V.); (P.d.M.); (A.D.); (C.F.); (I.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.); (C.M.); (M.P.); (M.A.R.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Medicina II Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Lin YL, Yao T, Wang YW, Zhou ZX, Hong ZC, Shen Y, Yan Y, Li YC, Lin JF. Potential drug targets for gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus identified through Mendelian randomization analysis. J Hum Genet 2024; 69:245-253. [PMID: 38429412 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent chronic ailment, and present therapeutic approaches are not always effective. This study aimed to find new drug targets for GERD and Barrett's esophagus (BE). We obtained genetic instruments for GERD, BE, and 2004 plasma proteins from recently published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to explore potential drug targets. We further winnowed down MR-prioritized proteins through replication, reverse causality testing, colocalization analysis, phenotype scanning, and Phenome-wide MR. Furthermore, we constructed a protein-protein interaction network, unveiling potential associations among candidate proteins. Simultaneously, we acquired mRNA expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from another GWAS encompassing four different tissues to identify additional drug targets. Meanwhile, we searched drug databases to evaluate these targets. Under Bonferroni correction (P < 4.8 × 10-5), we identified 11 plasma proteins significantly associated with GERD. Among these, 7 are protective proteins (MSP, GPX1, ERBB3, BT3A3, ANTR2, CCM2, and DECR2), while 4 are detrimental proteins (TMEM106B, DUSP13, C1-INH, and LINGO1). Ultimately, C1-INH and DECR2 successfully passed the screening process and exhibited similar directional causal effects on BE. Further analysis of eQTLs highlighted 4 potential drug targets, including EDEM3, PBX3, MEIS1-AS3, and NME7. The search of drug databases further supported our conclusions. Our study indicated that the plasma proteins C1-INH and DECR2, along with 4 genes (EDEM3, PBX3, MEIS1-AS3, and NME7), may represent potential drug targets for GERD and BE, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lu Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Yao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Wei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ze-Chao Hong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue-Chun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jia-Feng Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Xiao Y, Xiao X, Zhang X, Yi D, Li T, Hao Q, Zhang F, Li X, Wang N. Mediterranean diet in the targeted prevention and personalized treatment of chronic diseases: evidence, potential mechanisms, and prospects. EPMA J 2024; 15:207-220. [PMID: 38841625 PMCID: PMC11147989 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic diseases is currently a major public health issue worldwide and is exploding with the population growth and aging. Dietary patterns are well known to play a important role in our overall health and well-being, and therefore, poor diet and malnutrition are among the most critical risk factors for chronic disease. Thus, dietary recommendation and nutritional supplementation have significant clinical implications for the targeted treatment of some of these diseases. Multiple dietary patterns have been proposed to prevent chronic disease incidence, like Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet (DRRD). Among them, the MedDiet, which is one of the most well-known and studied dietary patterns in the world, has been related to a wide extent of health benefits. Substantial evidence has supported an important reverse association between higher compliance to MedDiet and the risk of chronic disease. Innovative strategies within the healthcare framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) view personalized dietary customization as a predictive medical approach, cost-effective preventive measures, and the optimal dietary treatment tailored to the characteristics of patients with chronic diseases in primary and secondary care. Through a comprehensive collection and review of available evidence, this review summarizes health benefits of MedDiet in the context of PPPM/3PM for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and cancer, thereby a working hypothesis that MedDiet can personalize the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases was derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Xiao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Xiao
- Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- The Second People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxin Yi
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiangqiang Hao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Global Health Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- Global Health Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
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Díaz-González BV, Bautista-Castaño I, Hernández García E, Cornejo Torre J, Hernández Hernández JR, Serra-Majem L. Bariatric Surgery: An Opportunity to Improve Quality of Life and Healthy Habits. Nutrients 2024; 16:1466. [PMID: 38794704 PMCID: PMC11123891 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery therapy (BST) is an effective treatment for obesity; however, little is known about its impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and related factors. This study aimed to evaluate changes in HRQoL and its relationship with weight loss, depression status, physical activity (PA), and nutritional habits after BST. Data were obtained before and 18 months postprocedure from 56 obese patients who underwent BST. We administered four questionnaires: Short Form-36 health survey for HRQoL, 14-item MedDiet adherence questionnaire, Rapid Assessment of PA (RAPA) questionnaire, and Beck's Depression Inventory-II. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with improvement in HRQoL. After the surgery, MedDiet adherence and HRQoL improved significantly, especially in the physical component. No changes in PA were found. Patients without previous depression have better mental quality of life, and patients who lost more than 25% of %TBWL have better results in physical and mental quality of life. In the multivariable analysis, we found that %TBWL and initial PCS (inversely) were related to the improvement in PCS and initial MCS (inversely) with the MCS change. In conclusion, BST is an effective intervention for obesity, resulting in significant weight loss and improvements in HRQoL and nutritional habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Vanessa Díaz-González
- Triana Primary Health Care Center, Canarian Health Service, 35002 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.H.G.); (J.C.T.); (J.R.H.H.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Inmaculada Bautista-Castaño
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.H.G.); (J.C.T.); (J.R.H.H.); (L.S.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Hernández García
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.H.G.); (J.C.T.); (J.R.H.H.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Judith Cornejo Torre
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.H.G.); (J.C.T.); (J.R.H.H.); (L.S.-M.)
| | - Juan Ramón Hernández Hernández
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.H.G.); (J.C.T.); (J.R.H.H.); (L.S.-M.)
- Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (E.H.G.); (J.C.T.); (J.R.H.H.); (L.S.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Damigou E, Georgoulis M, Chrysohoou C, Barkas F, Vlachopoulou E, Adamidis PS, Kravvariti E, Tsioufis C, Pitsavos C, Liberopoulos E, Sfikakis PP, Panagiotakos D. Mediterranean-Type Diet Adherence and Body Mass Index through 20 Years of Follow-Up: Results from the ATTICA Cohort Study (2002-2022). Nutrients 2024; 16:1128. [PMID: 38674819 PMCID: PMC11054262 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence of the association between dietary habits and long-term body weight status is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate changes in Mediterranean-type diet (MTD) adherence in relation to body weight during 20 years of follow-up. Data from n = 1582 participants from the ATTICA cohort study (2002-2022) were used. MTD adherence was assessed via MedDietScore, and body weight status via body mass index (BMI) by 3 different measurements. We found that MTD adherence and changes in this adherence were inversely related to BMI at 20 years and the mean BMI during the 20-year follow-up. In multi-adjusted linear regression models, a 1/55 increase in baseline, 10-year, and 20-year MedDietScore was associated with a decrease of 0.05-0.13 kg/m2 in BMI at 20 years and of 0.08-0.09 kg/m2 in the mean BMI. Being consistently close to the MTD for 20 years was associated with a >90% decreased risk of maintaining overweight/obesity during the 20-year period. Strong, protective, long-lasting effects of the MTD were observed, even in those who deviated from the MTD in the follow-up (41% of the sample). Our results highlight the need to focus on the overall diet quality to minimize the risk of maintaining an excessive body weight during the life-course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Damigou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Georgoulis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Fotios Barkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elpiniki Vlachopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Petros S. Adamidis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Evrydiki Kravvariti
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P. Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (M.G.)
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Liu H, Feng J, Shi Z, Su J, Sun J, Wu F, Zhu Z. Effects of a Novel Applet-Based Personalized Dietary Intervention on Dietary Intakes: A Randomized Controlled Trial in a Real-World Scenario. Nutrients 2024; 16:565. [PMID: 38398889 PMCID: PMC10892066 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel WeChat applet-based personalized dietary intervention aimed at promoting healthier dietary intakes. A two-arm parallel, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in a real-world scenario and involved a total of 153 participants (the intervention group, n = 76; the control group, n = 77), lasting for 4 months in Shanghai, China. The intervention group had access to visualized nutrition evaluations through the applet during workday lunch time, while the control group received no interventions. A total of 3413 lunch dietary intake records were captured through the applet. Linear mixed models were utilized to assess the intervention effects over time. At baseline, the participants' lunchtime dietary intakes were characterized by insufficient consumption of plant foods (86.9% of the participants) and excessive intake of animal foods (79.7% of the participants). Following the commencement of the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the animal/plant food ratio (β = -0.03/week, p = 0.024) and the consumption of livestock and poultry meat (β = -1.80 g/week, p = 0.035), as well as a borderline significant increase in the consumption of vegetables and fruits (β = 3.22 g/week, p = 0.055) and plant foods (β = 3.26 g/week, p = 0.057) over time at lunch compared to the control group. The applet-based personalized dietary intervention was feasible and effective in improving dietary intakes and, consequently, possibly may manage body weight issues in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (H.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Jingyuan Feng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (H.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Zehuan Shi
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Z.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jin Su
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Z.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jing Sun
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (H.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Zhenni Zhu
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; (Z.S.); (J.S.)
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8
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Wu Y, He B, Chen Q, Yu R, Wu Y, Yang H, Yu Y, Yan F, Li Y, Chen F. Association between Mediterranean diet and periodontitis among US adults: The mediating roles of obesity indicators. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:32-41. [PMID: 37842947 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and periodontitis in US adults and to further explore the mediating roles of obesity indicators in this association. BACKGROUND DATA The relationship between MedDiet and periodontitis is controversial. And it is unclear whether obesity indicators are potential mediators of this relationship. METHODS Using data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2014). Weighted binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to assess the association between MedDiet and periodontitis. Weighted ordinal logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between MedDiet and periodontitis severity. The mediating roles of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in the relationship between the MedDiet and periodontitis were explored. Association analyses were further performed using mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) or mean periodontal probing depth (PPD) as dependent variables. The false discovery rate method was used to correct the p-values in the regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 8290 eligible participants (4159 participants with periodontitis and 4131 without periodontitis) were included. A negative association between the MedDiet adherence score and periodontitis was observed in the binary logistic regression model (adjusted odds ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.90-0.97, p = .001). Restricted cubic spline regression revealed a dose-response relationship between the MedDiet adherence score and periodontitis. BMI and waist circumference significantly mediate this association, with mediation proportions of 9.7% (p = .032) and 9.3% (p = .012), respectively. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression showed that the MedDiet adherence score was negatively associated with the severity of periodontitis (all p < .05). Additionally, the MedDiet adherence score was negatively associated with mean PPD or mean CAL (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a significant negative association between adherence to the MedDiet and periodontitis and a possible mediating role of obesity indicators in this association. Furthermore, studies are still warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baochang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiansi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiming Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfen Li
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fa Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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9
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Dalle Grave R. The Benefit of Healthy Lifestyle in the Era of New Medications to Treat Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:227-230. [PMID: 38249154 PMCID: PMC10798050 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s447582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Incretin-based medications for treating obesity produce substantial short- and long-term weight loss and improve obesity-related comorbidities. However, associating lifestyle modification with new medications to treat obesity is generally advisable for several reasons. Firstly, healthy eating patterns and physical activity may offer important additional benefits, enhancing the patient's health and well-being. In addition, regular specialist counselling in lifestyle modification can help patients maintain their motivation levels and develop specific skills for addressing obstacles during the lengthy process of weight loss and maintenance, potentially improving outcomes in the long term. Given the high efficacy of the new weight-loss drugs, it would be timely to streamline and simplify the current gold standard of obesity management based on lifestyle modification. For example, it now seems redundant to prescribe strict diets or meal replacements to reduce calorie intake, or to recommend patients practice 200 to 300 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity exercise for enhanced weight loss. Moderate calorie restriction and, at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and two sessions of muscle-strengthening activities per week may be more achievable and appropriate goals for sustainable weight loss in most patients on pharmaceutical obesity treatment. As regards lifestyle modification counselling, future studies should assess its optimal intensity and duration in the "new medications for obesity era".
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dalle Grave
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda, VR, Italy
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Pavlidou E, Papadopoulou SK, Fasoulas A, Papaliagkas V, Alexatou O, Chatzidimitriou M, Mentzelou M, Giaginis C. Diabesity and Dietary Interventions: Evaluating the Impact of Mediterranean Diet and Other Types of Diets on Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Management. Nutrients 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 38201865 PMCID: PMC10780530 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabesity, the intersection of obesity and diabetes, presents a global health crisis with profound implications. Addressing diabesity requires multifaceted strategies, with diet playing a pivotal role. Over the last 15 years, clinical studies have intensified their exploration of various dietary approaches in diabesity management. This literature review aims to synthesize findings from clinical studies conducted in the last 15 years, shedding light on the efficacy, mechanisms, and nuances of different diet types in diabesity management with special focus on the Mediterranean diet (MD). METHODS Thorough research of academic databases yielded a collection of relevant clinical studies. These studies encompassed a range of dietary strategies, including the MD, low-carbohydrate diets, plant-based diets, high-protein diets, low-fat regimens, and intermittent fasting. Key findings, methodologies, and outcomes were thoroughly extracted and analyzed. RESULTS The last 15 years have witnessed considerable improvements in recognizing the role of human nutritional habits in diabesity management. The MD appears to be the most well-recognized diet, exerting favorable effects against both obesity and diabetes. Low-carbohydrate diets were found to enhance glycemic regulation and decrease insulin resistance. Plant-based diets demonstrated potential benefits in weight management and cardiometabolic health. High-protein, low-fat dietary models exhibited positive effects on satiety and body weight decline. Intermittent fasting regimens also exerted metabolic improvements and body weight decline. Personalization emerged as a crucial factor in dietary recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Clinical studies from the last 15 years underscore the intricate relationship between diet types and diabesity management. The above results contribute to an increasing body of evidence, emphasizing the need for tailored dietary approaches and especially the MD. Healthcare providers can utilize this knowledge to offer personalized dietary recommendations for individuals with diabesity, potentially curbing the rise of these twin epidemics and improving the well-being of affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Fasoulas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Maria Chatzidimitriou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
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11
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Midjani N, Hossaini FA, Sharifi N. Promotion of nutritional behaviors in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: application of the health belief model in primary health care centers. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2023; 24:278. [PMID: 38110913 PMCID: PMC10729541 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important cause of death in many countries of the world, including Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on the promotion of nutritional behaviors to prevent CVD among the all people (aged 30-59 years). METHODS This semi-experimental study was conducted on all people (aged 30-59 years) referring to the primary healthcare centers of Jahorm city, southern Iran, from September 2021 to July 2022. In this study, 100 participants (50 participants for the intervention group and 50 for the control group) were selected using a multistage cluster random sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. Also, the food consumption frequency checklist was used. The educational intervention included holding four sessions, each lasting for 60 min. The methods used for training included lectures, questions and answers, and group discussions. Before the intervention and three months after, the intervention and control groups completed the questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 17. RESULTS after the educational intervention, the mean score of knowledge (4.84 ± 0.84; 2.76 ± 1.41; p < 0.001), perceived susceptibility (9.52 ± 1.81; 8.76 ± 1.9; p = 0.004), perceived severity (14.78 ± 1.66; 13.80 ± 2.23; p = 0.015), perceived benefits (10.66 ± 1.79; 7.52 ± 1.99; p < 0.001), perceived barriers (5.92 ± 2.81; 12.68 ± 10.24; p < 0.001) and practice (178.78 ± 14.35; 147.36 ± 13.19; p < 0.001) showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSION The results showed that the educational intervention effectively improved people (aged 30-59 years) knowledge and HBM constructs to prevent CVD. Also, improving people's performance regarding CVD prevention behaviors will be successful by implementing an educational intervention based on the HBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Midjani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alsadat Hossaini
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Nader Sharifi
- Department of Public Health, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
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12
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Bhuiyan NZ, Hasan MK, Mahmud Z, Hossain MS, Rahman A. Prevention of Alzheimer's disease through diet: An exploratory review. Metabol Open 2023; 20:100257. [PMID: 37781687 PMCID: PMC10539673 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This exploratory review article describes about the genetic factors behind Alzheimer's disease (AD), their association with foods, and their relationships with cognitive impairment. It explores the dietary patterns and economic challenges in AD prevention. Methods Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles that examined the relationships between Diets, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and Socioeconomic conditions in preventative Alzheimer's disease studies. Graphs and Network analysis data were taken from Scopus under the MeSH search method, including words, Alzheimer's, APoE4, Tau protein, APP, Amyloid precursor protein, Beta-Amyloid, Aβ, Mediterranean Diet, MD, DASH diet, MIND diet, SES, Socioeconomic, Developed country, Underdeveloped country, Preventions. The network analysis was done through VOS viewer. Results Mediterranean diet (MD) accurately lowers AD (Alzheimer's Disease) risk to 53% and 35% for people who follow it moderately. MIND scores had a statistically significant reduction in AD rate compared to those in the lowest tertial (53% and 35% reduction, respectively). Subjects with the highest adherence to the MD and DASH had a 54% and 39% lower risk of developing AD, respectively, compared to those in the lowest tertial. Omega-6, PUFA, found in nuts and fish, can play most roles in the clearance of Aβ. Vitamin D inhibits induced fibrillar Aβ apoptosis. However, the high cost of these diet components rise doubt about the effectiveness of AD prevention through healthy diets. Conclusion The finding of this study revealed an association between diet and the effects of the chemical components of foods on AD biomarkers. More research is required to see if nutrition is a risk or a protective factor for Alzheimer's disease to encourage research to be translated into therapeutic practice and to clarify nutritional advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Zahan Bhuiyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sabbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Almanza-Aguilera E, Cano A, Gil-Lespinard M, Burguera N, Zamora-Ros R, Agudo A, Farràs M. Mediterranean diet and olive oil, microbiota, and obesity-related cancers. From mechanisms to prevention. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:103-119. [PMID: 37543179 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) is the main source of added fat in the Mediterranean diet (MD). It is a mix of bioactive compounds, including monounsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, simple phenols, secoiridoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. There is a growing body of evidence that MD and OO improve obesity-related factors. In addition, obesity has been associated with an increased risk for several cancers: endometrial, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, renal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, gastric cardia, meningioma, multiple myeloma, colorectal, postmenopausal breast, ovarian, gallbladder, and thyroid cancer. However, the epidemiological evidence linking MD and OO with these obesity-related cancers, and their potential mechanisms of action, especially those involving the gut microbiota, are not clearly described or understood. The goals of this review are 1) to update the current epidemiological knowledge on the associations between MD and OO consumption and obesity-related cancers, 2) to identify the gut microbiota mechanisms involved in obesity-related cancers, and 3) to report the effects of MD and OO on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Almanza-Aguilera
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ainara Cano
- Food Research, AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Lespinard
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Nerea Burguera
- Food Research, AZTI, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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14
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Puliani G, Sbardella E, Cozzolino A, Sada V, Tozzi R, Andreoli C, Fiorelli M, Di Biasi C, Corallino D, Balla A, Paganini AM, Venneri MA, Lenzi A, Lubrano C, Isidori AM. Pituitary T1 signal intensity at magnetic resonance imaging is reduced in patients with obesity: results from the CHIASM study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:948-955. [PMID: 37479795 PMCID: PMC10511316 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite obesity being well known to be associated with several pituitary hormone imbalances, pituitary appearance in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with obesity is understudied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pituitary volume and signal intensity at MRI in patients with obesity. METHODS This is a prospective study performed in an endocrine Italian referral center (ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT03458533). Sixty-nine patients with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and twenty-five subjects without obesity were enrolled. Thirty-three patients with obesity were re-evaluated after 3 years of diet and lifestyle changes, of whom 17 (51.5%) achieved a > 5% loss of their initial body weight, whereas the remaining 16 (48.5%) had maintained or gained weight. Evaluations included metabolic and hormone assessments, DEXA scan, and pituitary MRI. Pituitary signal intensity was quantified by measuring the pixel density using ImageJ software. RESULTS At baseline, no difference in pituitary volume was observed between the obese and non-obese cohorts. At the 3-year follow-up, pituitary volume was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) only in participants with stable-increased body weight. Furthermore, a significant difference was noted in the mean pituitary intensity of T1-weighted plain and contrast-enhanced sequences between the obese and non-obese cohorts at baseline (p = 0.006; p = 0.002), and a significant decrease in signal intensity was observed in the subgroup of participants who had not lost weight (p = 0.012; p = 0.017). Insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, following correction for BMI, were correlated with pituitary volume (p = 0.001) and intensity (p = 0.049), whereas morning cortisol levels were correlated with pituitary intensity (p = 0.007). The T1-weighted pituitary intensity was negatively correlated with truncal fat (p = 0.006) and fibrinogen (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS The CHIASM study describes a quantitative reduction in pituitary intensity in T1-weighted sequences in patients with obesity. These alterations could be explained by changes in the pituitary stromal tissue, correlated with low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Puliani
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cozzolino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Tozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Andreoli
- Unit of Emergency Radiology, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Biasi
- Unit of Emergency Radiology, Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Corallino
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini" Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I University Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Balla
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini" Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I University Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Paganini
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties "Paride Stefanini" Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I University Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Martínez-González MA, Montero P, Ruiz-Canela M, Toledo E, Estruch R, Gómez-Gracia E, Li J, Ros E, Arós F, Hernáez A, Corella D, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Cofán M, Sorlí JV, Babio N, Márquez-Sandoval YF, Castañer O, Salas-Salvadó J. Yearly attained adherence to Mediterranean diet and incidence of diabetes in a large randomized trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:262. [PMID: 37775736 PMCID: PMC10542699 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several large observational prospective studies have reported a protection by the traditional Mediterranean diet against type 2 diabetes, but none of them used yearly repeated measures of dietary intake. Repeated measurements of dietary intake are able to improve subject classification and to increase the quality of the assessed relationships in nutritional epidemiology. Beyond observational studies, randomized trials provide stronger causal evidence. In the context of a randomized trial of primary cardiovascular prevention, we assessed type 2 diabetes incidence according to yearly repeated measures of compliance with a nutritional intervention based on the traditional Mediterranean diet. METHODS PREDIMED (''PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea'') was a Spanish trial including 7447 men and women at high cardiovascular risk. We assessed 3541 participants initially free of diabetes and originally randomized to 1 of 3 diets: low-fat diet (n = 1147, control group), Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive (n = 1154) or Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts (n = 1240). As exposure we used actual adherence to Mediterranean diet (cumulative average), yearly assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (scoring 0 to 14 points), and repeated up to 8 times (baseline and 7 consecutive follow-up years). This score was categorized into four groups: < 8, 8-< 10, 10- < 12, and 12-14 points. The outcome was new-onset type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios from time-varying Cox models were 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.92) per + 2 points in Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (linear trend p = .001), and 0.46 (0.25-0.83) for the highest (12-14 points) versus the lowest (< 8) adherence. This inverse association was maintained after additionally adjusting for the randomized arm. Age- and sex-adjusted analysis of a validated plasma metabolomic signature of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (constituted of 67 metabolites) in a subset of 889 participants also supported these results. CONCLUSIONS Dietary intervention trials should quantify actual dietary adherence throughout the trial period to enhance the benefits and to assist results interpretation. A rapid dietary assessment tool, yearly repeated as a screener, was able to capture a strong inverse linear relationship between Mediterranean diet and type 2 diabetes. Trial registration ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Martínez-González
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pedro Montero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Deparment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emilio Ros
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic,, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alvaro Hernáez
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Platform for Clinical Trials, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic,, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José V Sorlí
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana (Grup ANUT-DSM). Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Yolanda F Márquez-Sandoval
- Cuerpo Académico UDG-CA-454 Alimentación y Nutrición en el Proceso de Salud-enfermedad, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Olga Castañer
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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16
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Maimaitiyiming M, Yang H, Li H, Xu C, Li S, Zhou L, Zhang X, Wang Y. The association of obesity-related dietary patterns and main food groups derived by reduced-rank regression with cardiovascular diseases incidence and all-cause mortality: findings from 116,711 adults. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2605-2619. [PMID: 37219593 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research about using reduced-rank regression (RRR) to simultaneously study the effects of both individual and combined consumption of foods on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is scarce. METHODS This study included 116,711 CVD-free participants (a median of 11.8 year follow-up) with 2 or more 24-h online dietary assessments. A total of 210 food items were classified into 45 food groups, and the mean amount of each food group was used in RRR to derive dietary patterns (DPs) explaining the maximum shared variation in obesity-related indicators. The associations of DPs and its main food groups (|factor loading| [Formula: see text] 0.2) with the incident CVD and all-cause mortality were examined by Cox model. In cross-sectional analyses, the associations of DP scores with cardiometabolic risk factors (biomarkers) were examined by linear regression. RESULTS The derived DP was characterized by higher intakes of beer and cider, high-sugar beverages, processed meat, red meat, artificial sweetener, and crisps, chips and savory snacks, and lower intakes of olive oil, high fiber breakfast cereals, tea, and vegetable. Compared to the lowest dietary score quintile, those in the highest were associated with higher risks of total CVD (adjusted-HR: 1.45, 95% CI 1.33-1.57) and all-cause mortality (adjusted-HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.18-1.45). We observed consumption alone of these food groups had a consistent but limited health effect on total CVD and all-cause death incidence. These associations were modified by age and sex. Higher DP scores were related to adverse biomarkers profiles. CONCLUSIONS We developed obesity-related DPs prospectively associated with increased risks of CVD and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongxi Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiping Li
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Li
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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17
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Rodrigues M, de Castro Mendes F, Padrão P, Delgado L, Paciência I, Barros R, Rufo JC, Silva D, Moreira A, Moreira P. Mediterranean Diet and Airway Inflammation in School-Aged Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1305. [PMID: 37628304 PMCID: PMC10453938 DOI: 10.3390/children10081305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
There seems to exist an intricate relationship between airway inflammation, body mass index (BMI), and diet. The intake of specific foods or food groups has been suggested to suppress the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that characterize airway inflammation, but little is known about dietary patterns and their complex interplay with BMI and airway inflammation. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), a characteristic European diet, and levels of airway inflammation in school-aged children, taking into account their BMI. This cross-sectional analysis comprised 660 children: 49.1% females, 7-12 years old. Adherence to the MD was assessed through the alternate Mediterranean score (aMED). Higher scores represent a healthier diet (0-8). Airway inflammation was assessed measuring exhaled fractional nitric oxide (eNO). Two categories of BMI were considered: non-overweight/non-obese (p < 85th) and overweight/obese (p ≥ 85th). The associations between diet and airway inflammation were estimated using logistic regression models. Higher scores of the aMED were associated with decreased odds of having eNO ≥ 35 ppb, but only in non-overweight/non-obese children (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.97). For overweight/obese children, the previous association was not significant (OR = 1.57, 95% CI, 0.88-2.79). Our findings suggest that adherence to the MD is associated with lower levels of airway inflammation among non-overweight/non-obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rodrigues
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Francisca de Castro Mendes
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Luís Delgado
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Immuno-Allergology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE) , Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), Population Health, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Renata Barros
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Diana Silva
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - André Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
- Immuno-Allergology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
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18
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Bekele TH, Trijsburg L, Brouwer ID, de Vries JH, Covic N, Kennedy G, Alemayehu D, Feskens EJ. Dietary Recommendations for Ethiopians on the Basis of Priority Diet-Related Diseases and Causes of Death in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:895-913. [PMID: 37182739 PMCID: PMC10334157 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) need to be evidence-based. As part of the development of Ethiopian FBDG, we conducted an umbrella review to develop dietary recommendations. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), deficiencies of vitamin A, zinc, calcium, or folate, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected as a priority. Systematic reviews were eligible if they investigated the impact of foods, food groups, diet, or dietary patterns on priority diseases. After a search, 1513 articles were identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar published from January 2014 to December 2021. The results showed that 19 out of 164 systematic reviews reported the impact of diet on PEM or micronutrient deficiencies. Daily 30-90 g whole-grain consumption reduces risk of CVD and T2DM. Pulses improve protein status, and consuming 50-150 g/d is associated with a reduced incidence of CVD and T2DM. Nuts are a good source of minerals, and consuming 15-35 g/d improves antioxidant status and is inversely associated with CVD risk. A daily intake of 200-300 mL of milk and dairy foods is a good source of calcium and contributes to bone mineral density. Limiting processed meat intake to <50 g/d reduces CVD risk. Fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamins A and C. CVD and T2DM risks are reduced by consuming 200-300 g of vegetables plus fruits daily. Daily sugar consumption should be below 10% of total energy to lower risk of obesity, CVD, and T2DM. Plant-based fat has favorable nutrient profiles and modest saturated fat content. The association of saturated fatty acids with CVD and T2DM is inconclusive, but intake should be limited because of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-raising effect. Plant-based diets lower risk of CVD and T2DM but reduce micronutrient bioavailability. The review concludes with 9 key dietary recommendations proposed to be implemented in the Ethiopian FBDG. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019125490).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Hailu Bekele
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Trijsburg
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge D Brouwer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Hm de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Namukolo Covic
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gina Kennedy
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dawit Alemayehu
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Edith Jm Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Markoulli M, Ahmad S, Arcot J, Arita R, Benitez-Del-Castillo J, Caffery B, Downie LE, Edwards K, Flanagan J, Labetoulle M, Misra SL, Mrugacz M, Singh S, Sheppard J, Vehof J, Versura P, Willcox MDP, Ziemanski J, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:226-271. [PMID: 37100346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and water. All nutrients serve as a source of energy, provide structural support to the body and/or regulate the chemical processes of the body. Food and drinks also consist of non-nutrients that may be beneficial (e.g., antioxidants) or harmful (e.g., dyes or preservatives added to processed foods) to the body and the ocular surface. There is also a complex interplay between systemic disorders and an individual's nutritional status. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to alterations at the ocular surface. Poor nutrition may exacerbate select systemic conditions. Similarly, certain systemic conditions may affect the uptake, processing and distribution of nutrients by the body. These disorders may lead to deficiencies in micro- and macro-nutrients that are important in maintaining ocular surface health. Medications used to treat these conditions may also cause ocular surface changes. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases is climbing worldwide. This report sought to review the evidence supporting the impact of nutrition on the ocular surface, either directly or as a consequence of the chronic diseases that result. To address a key question, a systematic review investigated the effects of intentional food restriction on ocular surface health; of the 25 included studies, most investigated Ramadan fasting (56%), followed by bariatric surgery (16%), anorexia nervosa (16%), but none were judged to be of high quality, with no randomized-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Icahn School of Medicine of Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food and Health, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Reiko Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Edwards
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Vision CRC, USA
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Bicêtre, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; IDMIT (CEA-Paris Saclay-Inserm U1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Piera Versura
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Analysis - Translation Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy; IRCCS AOU di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Ziemanski
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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20
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Richardson LA, Basu A, Chien LC, Alman AC, Snell-Bergeon JK. Longitudinal Associations of Healthy Dietary Pattern Scores with Coronary Artery Calcification and Pericardial Adiposity in United States Adults with and without Type 1 Diabetes. J Nutr 2023; 153:2085-2093. [PMID: 37187353 PMCID: PMC10375506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericardial adipose tissue volume (PAT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) are prognostic indicators for future cardiovascular events; however, no studies have assessed the long-term associations of adherence to dietary patterns (DPs) with PAT and CAC in adults with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D). OBJECTIVES We investigated the longitudinal associations of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet with PAT and CAC progression in adults with and without T1D. METHODS The Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) study is a population-based, prospective study of 652 T1D and 764 nondiabetic mellitus (nonDM) (19-56 y) participants that began in 2000-2002 with follow-up visits in 2003-2004 and 2006-2007. At each visit, food frequency questionnaires were collected and used to develop adherence scores for the MedDiet and DASH diets. PAT and CAC were measured at each visit using electron beam computed tomography. CAC progression was defined as a ≥2.5 mm square root-transformed volume. Mixed effect models were used to conduct statistical analyses. RESULTS Combined models found a significant-0.09 cm3 (95% CI: -0.14, -0.03; P = 0.0027) inverse association in PAT for every 1-point increase in the MedDiet score and a significant-0.26 cm3 (95% CI: -0.38, -0.14; P < 0.0001) inverse association in PAT for every 1-point increase in the DASH score. In combined models, the DPs were not significantly associated with lower odds of CAC progression; however, both DPs had significant interactions by diabetes status for CAC. Only the DASH diet was associated with lower odds of CAC progression in the nonDM group (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99; P = 0.0224). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the DPs are associated with lower PAT, which may reduce future cardiovascular events. The DASH diet may be beneficial for lower odds of CAC progression in those without T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ann Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States.
| | - Lung-Chang Chien
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Amy C Alman
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Janet K Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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Mambrini SP, Menichetti F, Ravella S, Pellizzari M, De Amicis R, Foppiani A, Battezzati A, Bertoli S, Leone A. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Incidence of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112583. [PMID: 37299546 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are energy-dense, nutritionally unbalanced products, low in fiber but high in saturated fat, salt, and sugar. Recently, UPF consumption has increased likewise the incidence of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. To highlight a possible relationship, we conducted a systematic review of prospective studies from PubMed and Web of Science investigating the association between UPF consumption and the incidence of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Seventeen studies were selected. Eight evaluated the incidence of general and abdominal obesity, one the incidence of impaired fasting blood glucose, four the incidence of diabetes, two the incidence of dyslipidemia, and only one the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Studies' quality was assessed according to the Critical Appraisal Checklist for cohort studies proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Substantial agreement emerged among the studies in defining UPF consumption as being associated with the incident risk of general and abdominal obesity. More limited was the evidence on cardiometabolic risk. Nevertheless, most studies reported that UPF consumption as being associated with an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. In conclusion, evidence supports the existence of a relationship between UPF consumption and the incidence of obesity and cardiometabolic risk. However, further longitudinal studies considering diet quality and changes over time are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Paola Mambrini
- IRCCS Auxologico, Laboratory of Metabolic Research, San Giuseppe Hospital, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Menichetti
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Ravella
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Pellizzari
- IRCCS Auxologico, Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Auxologico, Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Foppiani
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Auxologico, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Auxologico, Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Di Bella G, Cusumano C, Parisi A, Tagliaferri F, Ciriminna S, Barbagallo M. Mediterranean diet in the management and prevention of obesity. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112121. [PMID: 36792040 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The current pandemic of obesity represents a major global public health problem, mainly due to its association with chronic non-communicable disabling conditions and with increased mortality. Population aging increases the chances of non-communicable chronic diseases allowing a longer exposure to risk factors for these disabling conditions. Obesity is a major risk factor contributing to pathological aging. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of death due to cardiovascular disease and cancer increases progressively as overweight and obesity rise. Nutrition research is now focused on the effects of combinations of foods in dietary patterns instead of those of single nutrients or foods. The dietary model with the largest body of evidence of health benefit is that traditionally followed by inhabitants of some Mediterranean countries. There is evidence confirming the inverse association of adhering to Mediterranean diet with overweight and obesity. Four meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, including up to 16 trials, have shown a greater reduction of body weight and BMI with MedDiet compared to other diets, while a meta-analysis of 7 prospective cohort studies, found a reduced risk of becoming obese and gaining weight over time associated with a higher adherence to MedDiet. This narrative review examines studies reporting inverse associations of a higher adherence to the MedDiet with overweight/obesity and with age-associated chronic diseases related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J Dominguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, "Kore" University of Enna, Enna, Italy; Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Bella
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Cusumano
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Parisi
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Tagliaferri
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciriminna
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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23
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Rondanelli M, Gasparri C, Rigon C, Ferraris C, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Peroni G, Faliva MA, Naso M, Perna S. A meta-analysis on the changes of BMI during an inpatient treatment with different follow-up lengths (short and long term) compared with the outpatient phase in obese patients. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41366-023-01297-2. [PMID: 36991199 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of obesity should be multidimensional based on the choice of the treatment and the intensity of the therapeutic-rehabilitative intervention. This meta-analysis aims to compare the changes on body weight and body mass index (BMI) during an inpatient treatment (hospitalized weight loss programs with different durations in terms of weeks) compared with the outpatient phase. METHODS The data obtained from the studies on inpatients have been layered into two categories: short term (studies with follow-up of max 6 months) and long term (studies with follow-up up to 24 months). Furthermore, this study evaluates which of the two approaches show the best impact on weight loss and BMI during 2 follow-ups at 6 to 24 months. RESULTS The analysis, which included seven studies (977 patients), revealed that the subjects underwent a short hospitalization had greater benefit, compared to those who were followed for a long time. The meta-analyzed mean differences for random effect (MD) showed a statistically significant decrease on BMI of -1.42 kg/m2 (95% CI: -2.48 to -0.35; P = 0.009) and on body weight -6.94 (95% CI: -10.71 to -3.17; P = 0.0003) for subjects who carry out a short hospitalization compared to outpatients. No reduction of body weight (p = 0.07) and BMI (p = 0.9) for subjects who undergo a long hospitalization compared to an outpatient. CONCLUSIONS A short-term inpatients multidisciplinary weight loss program could be the best choice for the management of obesity and its related comorbidities; on the contrary, if the follow-up is of long duration, the significance is not confirmed. The hospitalization at the beginning of any obesity treatment is significantly better than only outpatients treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Chiara Rigon
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ferraris
- Food Education and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Unit, Indena, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Naso
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box, 32038, Zallaq, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to detail the current global research state of metabolically healthy obesogenesis with regard to metabolic factors, disease prevalence, comparisons to unhealthy obesity, and targeted interventions to reverse or delay progression from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity. RECENT FINDINGS As a long-term condition with increased risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, and all-cause mortality risks, obesity threatens public health on a national level. The recent discovery of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), a transitional condition during which obese persons carry comparatively lower health risks, has added to confusion about the true effect of visceral fat and subsequent long-term health risks. In this context, the evaluation of fat loss interventions, such as bariatric surgery, lifestyle changes (diet/exercise), and hormonal therapies require re-evaluation in light of evidence that progression to high-risk stages of obesity relies on metabolic status and that strategies to protect the metabolism may be useful in the prevention of metabolically unhealthy obesity. Typical calorie-based exercise and diet interventions have failed to reduce the prevalence of unhealthy obesity. Holistic lifestyle, psychological, hormonal, and pharmacological interventions for MHO, on the other hand, may at least prevent progression to metabolically unhealthy obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan.
| | - Kiyoji Tanaka
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiramatsu
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan
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25
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Fernández-Felipe J, Valencia-Avezuela M, Merino B, Somoza B, Cano V, Sanz-Martos AB, Frago LM, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Ruiz-Gayo M, Chowen JA. Effects of saturated versus unsaturated fatty acids on metabolism, gliosis, and hypothalamic leptin sensitivity in male mice. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:173-186. [PMID: 35125071 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2029294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of obesity and its comorbidities is not only the result of excess energy intake, but also of dietary composition. Understanding how hypothalamic metabolic circuits interpret nutritional signals is fundamental to advance towards effective dietary interventions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the metabolic response to diets enriched in specific fatty acids. METHODS Male mice received a diet enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (UOLF) or saturated fatty acids (SOLF) for 8 weeks. RESULTS UOLF and SOLF mice gained more weight and adiposity, but with no difference between these two groups. Circulating leptin levels increased on both fatty acid-enriched diet, but were higher in UOLF mice, as were leptin mRNA levels in visceral adipose tissue. In contrast, serum non-esterified fatty acid levels only rose in SOLF mice. Hypothalamic mRNA levels of NPY decreased and of POMC increased in both UOLF and SOLF mice, but only SOLF mice showed signs of hypothalamic astrogliosis and affectation of central fatty acid metabolism. Exogenous leptin activated STAT3 in the hypothalamus of all groups, but the activation of AKT and mTOR and the decrease in AMPK activation in observed in controls and UOLF mice was not found in SOLF mice. CONCLUSIONS Diets rich in fatty acids increase body weight and adiposity even if energy intake is not increased, while increased intake of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differentially modify metabolic parameters that could underlie more long-term comorbidities. Thus, more understanding of how specific nutrients affect metabolism, weight gain, and obesity associated complications is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Fernández-Felipe
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Valencia-Avezuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cano
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz-Martos
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria S Fernández-Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Gregory S, Pullen H, Ritchie CW, Shannon OM, Stevenson EJ, Muniz-Terrera G. Mediterranean diet and structural neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular disease: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112065. [PMID: 36529364 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated an association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and better cognitive performance, lower incidence of dementia and lower Alzheimer's disease biomarker burden. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence base for MedDiet associations with hippocampal volume and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV). We searched systematically for studies reporting on MedDiet and hippocampal volume or WMHV in MedLine, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycInfo. Searches were initially carried out on 21st July 2021 with final searches run on 23rd November 2022. Risk of bias was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Of an initial 112 papers identified, seven papers were eligible for inclusion in the review reporting on 21,933 participants. Four studies reported on hippocampal volume, with inconclusive or no associations seen with MedDiet adherence. Two studies found a significant association between higher MedDiet adherence and lower WMHV, while two other studies found no significant associations. Overall these results highlight a gap in our knowledge about the associations between the MedDiet and AD and cerebrovascular related structural neuroimaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Hannah Pullen
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Brain Health Scotland, UK.
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Emma J Stevenson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Social Medicine, Ohio University, OH, USA.
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Ulvophyte Green Algae Caulerpa lentillifera: Metabolites Profile and Antioxidant, Anticancer, Anti-Obesity, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031365. [PMID: 36771032 PMCID: PMC9919714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine algae have excellent bioresource properties with potential nutritional and bioactive therapeutic benefits, but studies regarding Caulerpa lentillifera are limited. This study aims to explore the metabolites profile and the antioxidant, anticancer, anti-obesity, and in vitro cytotoxicity properties of fractionated ethanolic extract of C. lentillifera using two maceration and soxhlet extraction methods. Dried simplicia of C. lentillifera was mashed and extracted in ethanol solvent, concentrated and evaporated, then sequentially partitioned with equal volumes of ethyl acetate and n-Hexane. Six samples were used in this study, consisting of ME (Maceration-Ethanol), MEA (Maceration-Ethyl Acetate), MH (Maceration-n-Hexane), SE (Soxhletation-Ethanol), SEA (Soxhletation-Ethyl Acetate), and SH (Soxhletation-n-Hexane). Non-targeted metabolomic profiling was determined using LC-HRMS, while antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anticancer cytotoxicity were determined using DPPH and ABTS, lipase inhibition, and MTT assay, respectively. This study demonstrates that C. lentillifera has several functional metabolites, antioxidant capacity (EC50 MH is very close to EC50 of Trolox), as well as anti-obesity properties (EC50 MH < EC50 orlistat, an inhibitor of lipid hydrolyzing enzymes), which are useful as precursors for new therapeutic approaches in improving obesity-related diseases. More interestingly, ME, MH, and SE are novel bioresource agents for anticancer drugs, especially for hepatoma, breast, colorectal, and leukemia cancers. Finally, C. lentillifera can be a nutraceutical with great therapeutic benefits.
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The Impact of Phytochemicals in Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases: Focus on Ceramide Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030703. [PMID: 36771408 PMCID: PMC9920427 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and related metabolic diseases has increased dramatically worldwide. As obesity progresses, various lipid species accumulate in ectopic tissues. Amongst them, ceramides-a deleterious sphingolipid species-accumulate and cause lipotoxicity and metabolic disturbances. Dysregulated ceramide metabolism appears to be a key feature in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic diseases. Notably, dietary modification might have an impact on modulating ceramide metabolism. Phytochemicals are plant-derived compounds with various physiological properties, which have been shown to protect against obesity-related metabolic diseases. In this review, we aim to examine the impact of a myriad of phytochemicals and their dietary sources in altering ceramide deposition and ceramide-related metabolism from in vitro, in vivo, and human clinical/epidemiological studies. This review discusses how numerous phytochemicals are able to alleviate ceramide-induced metabolic defects and reduce the risk of obesity-related metabolic diseases via diverse mechanisms.
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Maugeri A, Barchitta M, Perticone V, Agodi A. How COVID-19 Pandemic Has Influenced Public Interest in Foods: A Google Trends Analysis of Italian Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1976. [PMID: 36767342 PMCID: PMC9915381 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controversy exists about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary habits, with studies demonstrating both benefits and drawbacks of this period. We analyzed Google Trends data on specific terms and arguments related to different foods (i.e., fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts and seeds, milk, red meat, processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages) in order to evaluate the interest of Italian people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Joinpoint regression models were applied to identify the possible time points at which public interest in foods changed (i.e., joinpoints). Interestingly, public interest in specific food categories underwent substantial changes during the period under examination. While some changes did not seem to be related to the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., legumes and red meat), public interest in fruit, vegetables, milk, and whole grains increased significantly, especially during the first lockdown. It should be noted, however, that the interest in food-related issues returned to prepandemic levels after the first lockdown period. Thus, more efforts and ad hoc designed studies should be encouraged to evaluate the duration and direction of the COVID-19 pandemic's influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Vanessa Perticone
- Department of Economics and Business, University of Catania, 95129 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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30
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Cerrillo I, Saralegui-Díez P, Morilla-Romero-de-la-Osa R, González de Molina M, Guzmán GI. Nutritional Analysis of the Spanish Population: A New Approach Using Public Data on Consumption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1642. [PMID: 36674397 PMCID: PMC9867222 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Official population consumption data are frequently used to characterize the diet of countries; however, this information may not always be representative of reality. This study analyses the food consumption of the Spanish population by reconstructing the whole food chain. The results have been compared with the data provided by the National Consumption Panel to which the food losses/waste reported in the literature along the distribution chain have been added. The difference between them allowed a new calculation of the estimated food consumption that was subjected to a dietary-nutritional analysis. Most of the foods were consumed more than those officially reported (range of 5-50%). The unhealthy ratios of consumed foods and recommended servings were: meat products (Rcr = 3.6), fruits and legumes (Rcr = 0.5), and nuts (Rcr = 0.14). Caloric intake surpasses needs. The results were consistent with the data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Spain, as well as with the prevalence of associated diseases. To make a judgment about the quality of a country's diet, it is necessary to have reliable data on food consumption, as well as energy and nutrient intake. This study encourages other authors to implement this method to verify and quantify the possible difference between official and real consumption data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cerrillo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Alimentta, Think Tank para la Transición Alimentaria, 18320 Santa Fe, Spain
| | - Pablo Saralegui-Díez
- Alimentta, Think Tank para la Transición Alimentaria, 18320 Santa Fe, Spain
- Laboratory of the History of Agroecosystems, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rubén Morilla-Romero-de-la-Osa
- Alimentta, Think Tank para la Transición Alimentaria, 18320 Santa Fe, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41015 Seville, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, 41015 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41015 Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel González de Molina
- Alimentta, Think Tank para la Transición Alimentaria, 18320 Santa Fe, Spain
- Laboratory of the History of Agroecosystems, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Gloria I. Guzmán
- Alimentta, Think Tank para la Transición Alimentaria, 18320 Santa Fe, Spain
- Laboratory of the History of Agroecosystems, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Hanna AMR. Solving the Obesity Crisis in Older Adults with the Mediterranean Diet: Policy Brief. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:966-971. [PMID: 37997717 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease classified by excessive accumulation of fat which may impair health. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in most nations worldwide, both developed and developing. At the same time, the aging population is also growing worldwide. In the United States, approximately 38% of adults 60+ years old are obese, with similar trends in Canada and the United Kingdom. Obesity is associated with increased risk of death (mortality) and disease (morbidity) and carries specific risks for older adults, such disability and frailty. It also presents a financial burden. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is an extensively studied healthy diet pattern which can be used to combat obesity in older populations. Specifically for older adults, the MedDiet has benefits over other common diets or weight-loss interventions. This policy brief provides suggestions specifically for the Canadian population, though they are general enough to be applied to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M R Hanna
- Andrew M. R. Hanna, Aging and Health Program, Department of Rehabilitation Science, Queen's University, Louise D. Acton Building, 31 George St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Institution Main Phone: 613-533-6000, Author Institutional
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Khalafi M, Hossein Sakhaei M, Kheradmand S, Symonds ME, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of exercise and dietary interventions on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:128-146. [PMID: 36811585 PMCID: PMC10103003 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of exercise training (Ex), dietary interventions (DIs), and a combination of Ex and DI (Ex + DI) on leptin and adiponectin have been established. However, less is known regarding the comparisons of Ex with DI and of Ex + DI with either Ex or DI alone. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to compare the effects of Ex with those of DI and those of Ex + DI with those of either Ex or DI alone on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity. PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE were searched to identify original articles, published through June 2022, that compared the effects of Ex with those of DI and/or the effects of Ex + DI with those of Ex and/or DI on leptin and adiponectin in individuals with BMIs (in kg/m2) of ≥25 and aged 7-70 y. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), weighted mean differences, and 95% CIs were calculated using random-effect models for outcomes. Forty-seven studies, comprising 3872 participants who were overweight and those with obesity, were included in the current meta-analysis. DI reduced the concentration of leptin (SMD: -0.30; P = 0.001) and increased the concentration of adiponectin (SMD: 0.23; P = 0.001) compared with Ex, as did Ex + DI (leptin: SMD: -0.34; P = 0.001; adiponectin: SMD: 0.37; P = 0.004) compared with Ex alone. However, Ex + DI did not affect the concentration of adiponectin (SMD: 0.10; P = 0.11) and led to inconsistent and nonsignificant changes in the concentration of leptin (SMD: -0.13; P = 0.06) compared with DI alone. Subgroup analyses showed that age, BMI, duration of intervention, type of supervision, quality of the study, and magnitude of energy restriction are sources of heterogeneity. Our results suggest that Ex alone was not as effective as DI or Ex + DI for decreasing leptin and increasing adiponectin in individuals with overweight and obesity. However, Ex + DI was not more effective than DI alone, suggesting that diet plays a critical role in beneficially altering the concentrations of leptin and adiponectin. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021283532.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Kheradmand
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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33
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Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Busetto L, Cederholm T, Chourdakis M, Cuerda C, Delzenne N, Genton L, Schneider S, Singer P, Boirie Y. Nutritional management of individuals with obesity and COVID-19: ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2869-2886. [PMID: 34140163 PMCID: PMC8110326 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemics has created unprecedented challenges and threats to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Acute respiratory complications that require intensive care unit (ICU) management are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Among other important risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes, obesity has emerged along with undernutrition-malnutrition as a strong predictor of disease risk and severity. Obesity-related excessive body fat may lead to respiratory, metabolic and immune derangements potentially favoring the onset of COVID-19 complications. In addition, patients with obesity may be at risk for loss of skeletal muscle mass, reflecting a state of hidden malnutrition with a strong negative health impact in all clinical settings. Also importantly, obesity is commonly associated with micronutrient deficiencies that directly influence immune function and infection risk. Finally, the pandemic-related lockdown, deleterious lifestyle changes and other numerous psychosocial consequences may worsen eating behaviors, sedentarity, body weight regulation, ultimately leading to further increments of obesity-associated metabolic complications with loss of skeletal muscle mass and higher non-communicable disease risk. Therefore, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies should be routinely included in the management of COVID-19 patients in the presence of obesity; lockdown-induced health risks should also be specifically monitored and prevented in this population. In the current document, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) aims at providing clinical practice guidance for nutritional management of COVID-19 patients with obesity in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy,Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy,Corresponding author. Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences and Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Cattinara University Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Chourdakis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laurence Genton
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Schneider
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Nice University Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Singer
- Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, Human Nutrition Unit, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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El Ghoch M, Rossi AP, Verde L, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. Understanding sarcopenic obesity in young adults in clinical practice: a review of three unsolved questions. Panminerva Med 2022; 64:537-547. [PMID: 36533664 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.22.04784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to summarize the available literature on three yet unsolved questions, namely: 1) the dilemma surrounding definition of sarcopenic obesity (SO), especially in young adults; 2) the potential impact of this phenotype on weight-loss programme outcomes; and 3) the strategies for optimum management (prevention/treatment) of SO in clinical practice. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature review using the PubMed/Medline database was conducted, and data were summarized based on a narrative approach. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Firstly, SO can be screened by the 30-sec sit-to-stand test; ≤25 and ≤21; and confirmed by the ratio of (appendicular lean mass/Body Mass Index) ≤0.789 and 0.512 in males and females, respectively. Secondly, SO is associated with impaired physical fitness, reduced resting energy expenditure and an inactive lifestyle, that seems to negatively impact on weight-management outcomes, namely increasing early dropout and difficulty in maintaining weight loss in the long term. Finally, prevention/treatment of SO in young adults must be realized through tailored lifestyle intervention (diet+exercise) to preserve and improve strength and muscle mass, even where weight loss is necessary. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have clinical implications since they may help in screening, managing and improving the weight-loss outcomes of patients with SO in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Arab University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Ospedale Ca' Foncello ULSS2 Treviso, Treviso, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy -
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Yang X, Bao L, Zhang Y, Long J, Li Y, Wang H, Cui Y, Yan D. Novel weight loss diet attenuates dietary-induced obesity in mice and might correlate with altered gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987955. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many dietary patterns have been studied for weight loss, various limitations still exist. Therefore, we designed a novel weight loss diet (NWLD) with carbohydrate, protein, and fat (energy) contents of 45%, 20%, and 35%, respectively. The saturated fatty acids: monounsaturated fatty acids:polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio was 1:2:1, and the insoluble: soluble dietary fiber ratio was 2:1. We aimed to observe the effect of NWLD on weight loss and understand the underlying metabolic mechanisms. Twenty-nine male C57BL/6J mice were selected. Nine mice were fed ordinary feed in a blank control group, and the rest were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish obese mouse models. Twelve weeks later, obesity models were established, and 10 obese mice were switched to NWLD feeding. Six weeks after switching the diet, the serum, intestinal feces, and kidneys of mice were collected. Obesity-related indicators, gut microbial composition, and fecal metabolite profiles of all the mice were determined, and the correlations among these indicators were analyzed. Kidney function indicators were also assessed. The results showed that the NWLD attenuated HFD-induced weight gain, serum triglycerides (TG), and inflammatory factors, optimized the body composition without kidney function impairment. Amino acid metabolism pathways and metabolites might play key roles in this process. The findings of this research imply that NWLD could be an effective nutritional remedy for managing dietary-induced obesity.
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Mesas AE, Jimenez-López E, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Garrido-Miguel M, Cavero-Redondo I, López-Gil JF. Are adherence to the Mediterranean diet and siesta individually or jointly associated with blood pressure in Spanish adolescents? Results from the EHDLA study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:934854. [PMID: 36276362 PMCID: PMC9581154 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.934854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both dietary and sleep patterns can influence both blood pressure levels and heart rate, but these associations have been understudied in adolescents. Furthermore, it is not known whether diet and sleep could exert a synergistic effect with respect to the maintenance of optimal BP levels in this population. Objective To investigate the relationship of blood pressure levels with the combination of higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the habit of siesta (daytime napping) in Spanish adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with data obtained through personal interviews and physical examination from a representative sample of 1,378 adolescents (12-17 years of age) from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain) selected using a simple random sampling technique. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents, and the frequency and duration of siesta were self-reported. Objective measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were obtained under standardized conditions. Statistical procedures were performed with SPSS software (v.25) and included logistic and generalized regression models adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index, total energy intake, nighttime sleep duration, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results Of the 698 adolescents finally studied (mean age 13.9 ± 1.5 years; 56.2% female), 37.1% (n = 259) had high adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 19.6% (n = 137) reported frequent siesta. In the completely adjusted models, compared to adolescents with low Mediterranean diet adherence and no or infrequent siesta, those with high Mediterranean diet adherence and frequent siesta were less likely to have high-normal blood pressure or hypertension (odds ratio = 0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.88) and showed slightly lower systolic blood pressure (ß-coef. = -2.60; 95% CI: -5.18, -0.02). Conclusion Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and frequent siesta have a synergistic effect on maintaining lower blood pressure levels in adolescence. These findings reinforce that adherence to both Mediterranean lifestyle behaviors early in life may be an important strategy to prevent hypertension throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Estela Jimenez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de La Luz, Cuenca, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el area temática de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Estela Jimenez-López
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Higher Institute of Physical Education, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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Alzar-Teruel M, Aibar-Almazán A, Hita-Contreras F, Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Martínez-Amat A, Jiménez-García JD, Fábrega-Cuadros R, Castellote-Caballero Y. High-intensity interval training among middle-aged and older adults for body composition and muscle strength: A systematic review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992706. [PMID: 36249241 PMCID: PMC9557068 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aging of population is leading to the investigation of new options to achieve healthy aging. One of these options is high-intensity interval training (HIIT), although its effects on body composition and muscle strength are currently unclear. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the scientific publications on the effects of HIIT on the body composition and muscle strength of middle-aged and older adults. Methods The search was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Plus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO databases without limitation of publication dates. The literature search, data extraction and systematic review were performed following the PRISMA standards and the risk of bias of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk-of-Bias. Results Initially 520 publications were identified, out of which a total of 8 articles were finally selected to be included in this systematic review. Improvements in body composition were seen in six of the selected items and an increase in muscle strength in seven of the eight. Regarding physical function, improvements were found in both gait speed and balance. Conclusions This systematic review found that HIIT is effective in improving body composition and increasing muscle strength. However, when comparing HIIT to moderate-intensity continuous training, it is not clear that HIIT is more beneficial; a firm conclusion cannot be drawn due to the scarcity of published studies, their variety in methodology and the ambiguity of their results, so it is suggested to carry out more research in this area.
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Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Cantone MC, Guarnotta V, Mazzilli R, Verde L, Vetrani C, Colao A, Faggiano A. Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Comprehensive Review on Nutritional Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184402. [PMID: 36139562 PMCID: PMC9496842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with increasing incidence, high prevalence, and survival worldwide. About 90% of cases are well differentiated forms, the so-called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), with slow proliferation rates and prolonged survival but frequent development of liver metastases and endocrine syndromes. Both the tumor itself and systemic therapy may have an impact on patient nutrition. Malnutrition has a negative impact on outcome in patients with NETs, as well as obesity. In addition, obesity and metabolic syndrome have been shown to be risk factors for both the development and prognosis of NET. Therefore, dietary assessment based on body composition and lifestyle modifications should be an integral part of the treatment of NET patients. Nutrition plans, properly formulated by a dietician, are an integral part of the multidisciplinary treatment team for patients with NETs because they allow an improvement in quality of life, providing a tailored approach based on nutritional needs and nutritional manageable signs and/or symptoms related to pharmacological treatment. The aim of this review is to condense the latest evidence on the role of the most used dietary models, the Mediterranean diet, the ketogenic diet, and intermittent fasting, in the context of NETs, while considering the clinical and molecular mechanisms by which these dietary models act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione alla Salute e allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0817463779; Fax: +39-081-746-3688
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, Isola F2, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Celeste Cantone
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarnotta
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro” (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossella Mazzilli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione alla Salute e allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione alla Salute e allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Università Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Vela-Vásquez DA, Sifuentes-Rincón AM, Delgado-Enciso I, Ordaz-Pichardo C, Arellano-Vera W, Treviño-Alvarado V. Effect of Consuming Beef with Varying Fatty Acid Compositions as a Major Source of Protein in Volunteers under a Personalized Nutritional Program. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183711. [PMID: 36145087 PMCID: PMC9501318 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef is an excellent source of nutrients; unfortunately, most nutritional recommendations suggest limiting or even avoiding it. Studies have shown that the fatty acid composition of meat influences weight loss. This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the anthropometric and serum lipid changes after a food intervention that included frequent beef consumption (120 g consumed four days/week for four weeks). Volunteers were randomly assigned to the commercial or Wagyu-Cross beef groups, with the latter beef possessing higher fat and MUFA contents. Both groups exhibited reductions in body measurements and lipid profiles; however, the Wagyu-Cross group exhibited greater changes in weight (−3.75 vs. −2.90 kg) and BMI (−1.49 vs. −1.03) than the commercial group, without a significant difference between them. No significant group differences in lipid profiles were observed; however, the Wagyu-Cross group exhibited a more favorable change in decreasing the TC concentration (−7.00 mg/dL) and LDL-C concentration (−12.5 mg/dL). We suggest that high MUFA beef could be included in weight-loss programs since it does not affect weight loss and hasn’t a negative influence on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A. Vela-Vásquez
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Biotechnology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Ana M. Sifuentes-Rincón
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Biotechnology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Iván Delgado-Enciso
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
- State Institute of Cancerology of the Health Services of the State of Colima, Colima 28085, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo
- National School of Medicine and Homeopathy, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Williams Arellano-Vera
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Biotechnology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Víctor Treviño-Alvarado
- School of Medicine, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
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Xie Q, Wang C. Polyacetylenes in herbal medicine: A comprehensive review of its occurrence, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics (2014-2021). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 201:113288. [PMID: 35718132 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyacetylenes are a kind of small active compounds with carbon-carbon triple bond with vast occurrence in plants. Polyacetylenes have attracted considerable attention owing to their diverse biofunctions like tumor suppression, immunity regulation, depression resistance and neural protection. The present review intends to reconstruct data concerning the occurrence, pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of polyacetylenes from herbal medicine in a systematic and integrated way, with a view to backing up their curative potential and healthcare properties (2014-2021). The natural polyacetylene-related data were all acquired from the scientific search engines and databases that are globally recognized, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, SciFindern and CNKI. A total of 183 polyacetylenes were summarized in this paper. Modern pharmacological studies indicated that polyacetylenes possess multiple biological activities including antitumor, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, anti-depression, anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective and renoprotective activities. As important bioactive components of herbal medicine, the pharmacological curative potential of polyacetylenes has been described against carcinomas, inflammatory responses, central nervous system, endocrine disorders and microbial infection in this review. While, further in-depth studies on the aspects of polyacetylenes for toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and molecular mechanisms are still limited, thereby intensive research and assessments should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Hildebrand CA, Gaviria DB, Samuel-Hodge CD, Ammerman AS, Keyserling TC. How Physicians Can Assess and Address Dietary Behaviors to Reduce Chronic Disease Risk. Med Clin North Am 2022; 106:785-807. [PMID: 36154700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
With the growing burden of diet-related chronic disease impacting the public's health, nutrition counseling in a primary care setting is essential and can be accomplished through brief and creative approaches. This article reviews an example of a brief dietary assessment and counseling tool and counseling strategies focusing on dietary behavior changes that emphasize impact on health outcomes, ease of behavior change, and affordability. These, plus integrating office supports, are practical ways to start the conversation about improving diet quality with patients. Collaborative efforts in nutrition care, particularly through collaboration with registered dietitians, present a valuable opportunity to meet the nutrition care needs of patients. Additionally, this article reviews screening for eating disorders, food insecurity, and dietary supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Hildebrand
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - David B Gaviria
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Carmen D Samuel-Hodge
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Alice S Ammerman
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7461, USA
| | - Thomas C Keyserling
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, CB# 7426, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7426, USA; Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, CB# 7110, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7110, USA.
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Magnano San Lio R, Barchitta M, Maugeri A, La Rosa MC, Giunta G, Panella M, Cianci A, Galvani F, Pappalardo E, Ettore G, Agodi A. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dietary Patterns of Pregnant Women: A Comparison between Two Mother-Child Cohorts in Sicily, Italy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163380. [PMID: 36014886 PMCID: PMC9416210 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A maternal diet, before and during pregnancy, plays a key role in ensuring maternal and newborn health. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, may have compromised dietary habits in the general population and in specific subgroups of individuals. Here, we evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on the diet of pregnant women, using data from two mother-child cohorts in Sicily (Italy). Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire and analyzed through the Mediterranean diet (MD) score and principal component analysis (PCA). The comparison of maternal dietary consumption before and during the COVID-19 pandemic showed differences in terms of vegetables (p < 0.001), fruit (p < 0.001), dairy products (p < 0.001), fish (p < 0.001), and legumes (p = 0.001). Accordingly, after adjusting for covariates, mothers enrolled during the pandemic were more likely to report low adherence to MD than those enrolled before (OR = 1.65; 95%CI = 1.12−2.42; p = 0.011). A similar result was obtained by analyzing the adherence to a prudent dietary pattern, derived through PCA and characterized by high intake of cooked and row vegetables, legumes, fruit, fish, and soup. Overall, these findings suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced maternal diet during pregnancy. However, further efforts are needed to investigate the main causes and consequences of this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Magnano San Lio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Clara La Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giunta
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, via S. Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Panella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, via S. Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Cianci
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, via S. Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabiola Galvani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Garibaldi Nesima, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Elisa Pappalardo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Garibaldi Nesima, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ettore
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Garibaldi Nesima, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Erdem NZ, Bayraktaroğlu E, Samancı RA, Geçgil-Demir E, Tarakçı NG, Mert-Biberoğlu F. The effect of intermittent fasting diets on body weight and composition. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:207-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mediterranean Diet on Sleep: A Health Alliance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142998. [PMID: 35889954 PMCID: PMC9318336 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a plant-based, antioxidant-rich, unsaturated fat dietary pattern that has been consistently associated with lower rates of noncommunicable diseases and total mortality, so that it is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns. Clinical trials and mechanistic studies have demonstrated that the Mediterranean diet and its peculiar foods and nutrients exert beneficial effects against inflammation, oxidative stress, dysmetabolism, vascular dysfunction, adiposity, senescence, cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, and tumorigenesis, thus preventing age-associated chronic diseases and improving wellbeing and health. Nocturnal sleep is an essential physiological function, whose alteration is associated with health outcomes and chronic diseases. Scientific evidence suggests that diet and sleep are related in a bidirectional relationship, and the understanding of this association is important given their role in disease prevention. In this review, we surveyed the literature concerning the current state of evidence from epidemiological studies on the impact of the Mediterranean diet on nighttime sleep quantity and quality. The available studies indicate that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with adequate sleep duration and with several indicators of better sleep quality. Potential mechanisms mediating the effect of the Mediterranean diet and its foods and nutrients on sleep are described, and gap-in-knowledge and new research agenda to corroborate findings are discussed.
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Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, de Alteriis G, Porcelli T, Vetrani C, Verde L, Aprano S, Fonderico F, Troncone G, Colao A, Savastano S. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Thyroid Nodular Disease and Thyroid Cancer: Results From a Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:944200. [PMID: 35782938 PMCID: PMC9247581 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.944200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine deficiency is the most important established nutritional risk factor for the development of thyroid nodular disease. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, to date no study focused on the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and thyroid nodular disease. Adherence to the MD was evaluated using the PREvención con DIetaMEDiterránea (PREDIMED) questionnaire. Physical activity, smoking habits, and anthropometric parameters were studied. PREDIMED was used to evaluate the degree of adherence to the MD. Evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions based on 2013 Italian thyroid cytology classification system. Cytology of thyroid nodules was carried out through sonography-guided fine-needle aspiration and patients were divided into 5 categories: TIR2, TIR3a, TIR3b, TIR4, and TIR5. The study population consisted of 794 subjects (554 females, 69.8%), aged 18–65 years, with BMIs ranging from 19.4 to 55.3 kg/m2. Thyroid nodular disease was present in 391 participants (49.2%), and the most frequent cytological categories was TIR2 (18.3 %), followed by a TIR4 (8.9 %). The presence of thyroid nodules was also significantly associated with the lowest adherence to the MD (OR 6.16, p < 0.001). Patients with TIR5 had the lower adherence to the MD (2.15 ± 1.12 score) compared to other TIRs (p < 0.001). The cytological category with high-risk of malignancy (TIR4/TIR5) was significantly associated with the lowest adherence to the MD (OR 137.55, p < 0.001) and PREDIMED score (OR = 0.33, p < 0.001, 95% IC = 0.26–0.41, R2 = 0.462). At multiple regression analysis, PREDIMED score was the main predictor of both the presence of nodules (p < 0.001) and the cytological category with high-risk of malignancy (p < 0.001). At ROC analysis PREDIMED score ≤ 5 and ≤ 4 (p = 0.001) were the values that predicted the presence of thyroid nodular disease and cytological category with high-risk of malignancy, respectively. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the low adherence to the MD is associated with the presence of thyroid nodular disease and in particular with those at high-risk of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luigi Barrea
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia de Alteriis
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Porcelli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Aprano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Fonderico
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile”, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Bays HE, Antoun J, Censani M, Bailony R, Alexander L. Obesity pillars roundtable: Obesity and individuals from the Mediterranean region and Middle East. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 2:100013. [PMID: 37990716 PMCID: PMC10661985 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The rates of obesity in Mediterranean and Middle East regions are increasing. This may be related to worsening physical inactivity, and gravitation away from more healthful nutrition. Methods This roundtable discussion includes 4 obesity specialists with experience in the clinical management of obesity. Included in this discussion are citations regarding obesity and populations from the Mediterranean and Middle East regions. Results Among the most studied nutritional dietary pattern having evidence-based data supporting improved cardiometabolic health is the Mediterranean Diet. Prospective studies such as the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study support the cardiometabolic benefits of dietary consumption of plant-based, higher fiber foods having a relatively high proportion of unsaturated fats. Cuisine from the Middle East has both similarities and some differences compared to the Mediterranean Diet. Interim analyses of the PREDIMED-Plus study suggest the Mediterranean Diet plus caloric restriction and physical activity intervention reduces body weight and improves cardiometabolic risk factors. As with any dietary intake, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern food choices and preparation affect their nutritional healthfulness. Conclusion The panelists of this roundtable discussion describe their practical diagnostic processes and treatment plans for patients with obesity from the Mediterranean Region and Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine, Medical Director / President Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Clinical Associate Professor / University of Louisville Medical School, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
| | | | - Marisa Censani
- Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine, Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 103, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Rami Bailony
- Enara Health, 3050 S Delaware St, Ste 130, San Mateo, CA, 94402, USA
| | - Lydia Alexander
- Enara Health, 3050 S Delaware St, Ste 130, San Mateo, CA, 94402, USA
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[Weight stigma, Mediterranean diet and obesity]. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:554-561. [PMID: 35485380 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION obesity is a disease that affects a high percentage of the world's population. Although its origin is multicausal and multifactorial, less attention has been paid to psychological and behavioral variables. AIM to determine whether psychological variables (weight stigma, stress and depressive symptomatology) and behavioral variable (Mediterranean diet index) predict obesity according to body mass index (BMI), controlling for the effect of physiological variables (HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and blood pressure) and sociodemographic variables (sex, income, educational level). METHODS non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design. By means of a non-probabilistic convenience sampling, 344 persons were selected from the general Chilean population from the Araucanía region (Mage = 55.7 years; SD = 5.1 years; 55.8 % women). A blood sample, anthropometric measurement of weight and height, and self-report measures of psychological and behavioral variables were obtained. RESULTS a 5-block hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed. Sociodemographic covariates did not significantly predict BMI, however physiological covariates, the behavioral variable and weight stigma, were significantly associated with BMI, with weight stigma being the predictor that explained the most variance. CONCLUSIONS the findings allow us to verify the role of psychological and behavioral variables in the multifactorial etiology of obesity. The findings are discussed in the light of the biopsychosocial approach, and a multidisciplinary approach to obesity is suggested.
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Beneficial Effects of the Consumption of Hot-Water Extracts of Thinned Immature Mangos (Mangifera indica “Irwin”) on the Hypertriglyceridemia of Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020116. [PMID: 35208189 PMCID: PMC8876935 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The thinned immature fruit of the mango tree (Mangifera indica “Irwin”) are regarded as waste products. In this study, we evaluated the effects of daily consumption of a hot-water extract of thinned immature mango fruits (TIMEx) on the dyslipidemia of apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. ApoE−/− mice and wild-type BALB/c mice were fed a 20% fat diet containing 0%, 0.1%, or 1.0% TIMEx for 8 weeks. Their body mass, food intake, and water consumption were unaffected by the TIMEx. The 1.0% TIMEx supplementation significantly reduced serum triglyceride, but not total cholesterol concentration. This effect was significant in ApoE−/− mice, but less marked under normal conditions in wild-type mice. In addition, the circulating concentrations of three hormones that regulate metabolism, resistin, leptin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, were reduced by TIMEx consumption, which may be involved in its effect to prevent hypertriglyceridemia. However, none of the concentrations of TIMEx reduced the size of atherosclerotic plaque lesions. In conclusion, daily consumption of TIMEx ameliorates hypertriglyceridemia but not hypercholesterolemia in genetically predisposed mice.
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Tantisattamo E, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Molnar MZ. Nutritional and dietary interventions to prolong renal allograft survival after kidney transplantation. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2022; 31:6-17. [PMID: 34750333 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diet plays an important role in slowing progression of chronic kidney disease in native and transplanted kidneys. There is limited evidence on the association on dietary intake with renal allograft function. Mechanisms of major nutrients and dietary patterns with focusing on a plant-based diet related to kidney transplant health and longevity are reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS High dietary protein intake may adversely affect renal allograft. Low protein plant-focused diets such as Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, plant-dominant low-protein diet and Mediterranean diets appear associated with favorable outcomes in slowing renal allograft function decline. The mechanism may be related to a change in renal hemodynamic by decreasing glomerular hyperfiltration from low dietary protein intake and plant-based ingredients. Recent observational studies of association between dietary protein intake and kidney allograft outcomes are conflicting. Although strong evidence is still lacking, a low protein diet of 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day with at least 50% of the protein source from plant-based components in kidney transplant recipients with stable kidney allograft function should be considered as the dietary target. SUMMARY Dietary intervention with low-protein plant-focused meals may improve outcomes in kidney transplant recipients, but the evidence remains limited and further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekamol Tantisattamo
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange.,Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California.,Multi-Organ Transplant Center, Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange.,Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California.,Lundquist Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Miklos Z Molnar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Utah, USA
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A Generation Shift in Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Association with Biological Markers and Health in Dalmatia, Croatia. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124564. [PMID: 34960116 PMCID: PMC8705718 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of a Mediterranean diet in mitigating health issues related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. However, rapid changes in the traditional way of life and the “westernization” of the diet in Mediterranean populations, especially in younger generations, has led to progressive abandonment of healthy dietary patterns. In order to investigate the generation shift in dietary patterns and lifestyle habits in the Mediterranean part of Croatia, we compared two cohorts of 610 women (266 pregnant and 344 non-pregnant) from the same region, but from different age groups. The MDSS score was derived from food frequency questionnaires. The results showed that the young, reproductively active generation (pregnant women) in Dalmatia, Croatia, although having a higher education and socioeconomic status, exhibits a more adverse eating behaviour (lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet) and lifestyle (excessive smoking in pregnancy) than the older population from the same region. Lower MDSS scores across aggregated age groups in both cohorts showed significant association with higher blood lipid levels and higher smoking frequency. In conclusion, Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with biological markers (age, lipid profile) and lifestyle (smoking) in our study, with a more adverse trend observed in the younger generation.
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