1
|
Yakubu S, Miao B, Hou M, Zhao Y. A review of the ecotoxicological status of microplastic pollution in African freshwater systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174092. [PMID: 38942312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have found extensive application globally due to their low cost, flexibility and light weight. Microplastic pollution is a growing environmental concern that poses significant threats to aquatic ecosystems worldwide, including African freshwater systems. Nevertheless, although Africa houses some of the deepest and largest freshwater rivers and lakes in the world such as Lake Tanganyika and Victoria, River Congo and the Nile, there is limited information available regarding the presence of MPs in these inland waters. Selected published data on MPs in African freshwater systems, including sediments, biota, rivers, and lakes, were incorporated in this review. The study discovered that the sampling technique employed has a major impact on the morphological characteristics and abundance of MPs in African freshwater systems. Fibers and fragments were the most common shapes; black, white, and transparent were the most prevalent colors; and polyethene terephthalate, polystyrene, and polypropylene were the frequently dominant polymers. As the distance between the sampling sites increased geographically, the polymer similarities declined. MPs have been found to translocate into body cells and tissues where they are capable of causing genetic mutations, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. In Africa, MPs are poorly managed and monitored, and there has been insufficient research done on the possibility that they could be present in drinking water. Considering the fact that humans in the continent are exposed to freshwater and aquatic organisms, the risk assessment routes are currently unvalidated, therefore it was recommended that African nations should strengthen their capacity for plastic management and environmental monitoring. This review provides up to date information on the occurrence, prevalence, ecotoxicity and management of MPs across African freshwater systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salome Yakubu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nano-photoelectric Magnetic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Baoji Miao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nano-photoelectric Magnetic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Mengyao Hou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nano-photoelectric Magnetic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nano-photoelectric Magnetic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gaggini EL, Polukarova M, Bondelind M, Rødland E, Strömvall AM, Andersson-Sköld Y, Sokolova E. Assessment of fine and coarse tyre wear particles along a highway stormwater system and in receiving waters: Occurrence and transport. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:121989. [PMID: 39096731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Tyre wear has been identified as a major road-related pollutant source, with road runoff transporting tyre wear particles (TWP) to adjacent soil, watercourses, or further through stormwater systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and transport of TWP along a stormwater system. Water and sediment have been sampled at selected points (road runoff, gully pots, wells, outlet to a ditch, and stream) through a stormwater system situated along a highway in Sweden during November and December 2022, and March 2023. As there is limited data on the size distribution of TWP in different environmental media, especially in the size fraction <20 μm, the samples were fractioned into a fine (1.6-20 μm) and a coarse (1.6-500 μm) size fraction. The samples were analysed using a combination of marker compounds (benzene, α-methylstyrene, ethylstyrene, and butadiene trimer) for styrene-butadiene rubbers with PYR-GC/MS from which TWP concentration was calculated. Suspended solids were analysed in the water samples, and organic content was analysed in the sediment samples. TWP was found at nearly all locations, with concentrations up to 17 mg/L in the water samples and up to 40 mg/g in the sediment samples. In the sediment samples, TWP in the size fraction 1.6-20 μm represented a significant proportion (20-60%). Correlations were found between TWP concentration and suspended solids in the water samples (r = 0.87) and organic content in the sediment samples (r = 0.72). The results presented in this study demonstrate that TWP can be transported to the surrounding environment through road runoff, with limited retention in the studied stormwater system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elly Lucia Gaggini
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria Polukarova
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden; Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Box 8072, SE-402 78, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mia Bondelind
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Elisabeth Rødland
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, NO-0579, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Box 8072, SE-402 78, Gothenburg, Sweden; Division of Geology and Geotechnics, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ekaterina Sokolova
- Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Magni S, Sbarberi R, Dolfini D, Nigro L, Binelli A. Behind conventional (micro)plastics: An ecotoxicological characterization of aqueous suspensions from End-of-Life Tire particles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:107032. [PMID: 39068809 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Million tons of tires become waste every year, and the so-called End-of-Life Tires (ELTs) are ground into powder (ELT-dp; size < 0.8 mm) and granules (ELT-dg; 0.8 < size < 2.5 mm) for recycling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sub-lethal effects of three different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L) of aqueous suspensions from ELT-dp and ELT-dg on Danio rerio (zebrafish) larvae exposed from 0 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Chronic effects were assessed through biomarkers, real-time PCR, and proteomics. We observed a significant increase in swimming behavior and heart rate only in specimens exposed to ELT-dp suspensions at 1 and 10 mg/L, respectively. Conversely, the activities of detoxifying enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) showed significant modulation only in specimens exposed to ELT-dg groups. Although no effects were observed through real-time PCR, proteomics highlighted alterations induced by the three ELT-dp concentrations in over 100 proteins involved in metabolic pathways of aromatic and nitrogen compounds. The results obtained suggest that the toxic mechanism of action (MoA) of ELT suspensions is mainly associated with the induction of effects by released chemicals in water, with a higher toxicity of ELT-dp compared to ELT-dg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Sbarberi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Dolfini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Nigro
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chae E, Yang SR, Choi SS. Abrasion Behaviors of Silica-Reinforced Solution Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Compounds Using Different Abrasion Testers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2038. [PMID: 39065355 PMCID: PMC11280858 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) is widely used to improve the properties of tire tread compounds. Tire wear particles (TWPs), which are generated on real roads as vehicles traverse, represent one of significant sources of microplastics. In this study, four SSBR compounds were prepared using two SSBRs with high styrene (STY samples) and 1,2-unit (VIN samples) contents, along with dicyclopentadiene resin. The abrasion behaviors were investigated using four different abrasion testers: cut and chip (CC), Lambourn, DIN, and laboratory abrasion tester (LAT100). The abrasion rates observed in the Lambourn and LAT100 abrasion tests were consistent with each other, but the results of CC and DIN abrasion tests differed from them. The addition of the resin improved the abrasion rate and resulted in the generation of large wear particles. The abrasion rates of STY samples in the Lambourn and LAT100 abrasion tests were lower than those of VIN samples, whereas the values in the CC and DIN abrasion tests were higher than those of VIN samples. The wear particles were predominantly larger than 1000 μm, except for the VIN sample in the DIN abrasion test. However, TWPs > 1000 μm are rarely produced on real roads. The size distributions of wear particles > 1000 μm were 74.0-99.5%, 65.9-93.4%, 7.2-95.1%, and 37.5-83.0% in the CC, Lambourn, DIN, and LAT100 abrasion tests, respectively. The size distributions of wear particles in the Lambourn and LAT100 abrasion tests were broader than those in the other tests, whereas the distributions in the CC abrasion test were narrower. The abrasion patterns and the morphologies and size distributions of wear particles generated by the four abrasion tests varied significantly, attributable to differences in the bound rubber contents, crosslink densities, and tensile properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Ryong Yang
- Hankook Tire & Technology Company, 50 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34127, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Seen Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wayman C, Fernández-Piñas F, Fernández-Valeriano R, García-Baquero GA, López-Márquez I, González-González F, Rosal R, González-Pleiter M. The potential use of birds as bioindicators of suspended atmospheric microplastics and artificial fibers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116744. [PMID: 39018735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and artificial fibers (AFs) have been detected suspended tens of meters above ground level in the atmosphere, yet empirical data on them remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate the presence of MPs and AFs in the digestive and respiratory systems of two abundant bird species, the Common House Martin (Delichon urbicum) and the Common Swift (Apus apus), within the Community of Madrid, Spain. Given that these birds spend the majority of their lives airborne, engaging in activities such as mating and sleeping during flight, the research sought to assess the potential of using these bird species as bioindicators for suspended atmospheric MPs and AFs. Samples were obtained from necropsies of birds (N = 24) collected primarily between spring and summer from 2021 to 2023. Only individuals that died within the initial 24-hour period and had not been fed were selected for examination to avoid contamination. MPs and AFS were identified by micro-FTIR, characterized and quantified. Results revealed that 75 % of the sampled birds exhibited at least one MPs in their respiratory and/or digestive system. All identified MPs were fibers, with polyester (PES) being the most predominant (48 %), followed by acrylic fibers (ACR; 28 %), and polyethylene (PE; 18 %). The average concentrations in the respiratory system were 1.12 ± 0.45 MPs/specimen and 2.78 ± 1.04 AFs/specimen for Common Swift and 0.75 ± 0.30 MPs/specimen and 0.75 ± 0.36 AFs/specimen for House Martin. In the digestive system, these were 1.92 ± 0.72 MPs/specimen and 3.42 ± 0.69 AFs/specimen for Common Swift, and 1.34 ± 0.50 MPs/specimen and 1.39 ± 0.47 AFs/specimen for House Martin. Birds collected areas with high population density located in the direction of the prevailing winds showed a concentration of MPs significantly higher in the digestive system. Taken together, these findings confirmed the potential use of these birds as bioindicators for monitoring of suspended atmospheric MPs and AFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Wayman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares E-28871, Spain
| | - Francisca Fernández-Piñas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C Darwin 2, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Rocío Fernández-Valeriano
- Wildlife Hospital, Group of Rehabilitation of the Autochthonous Fauna and Their Habitat (GREFA), Monte del Pilar, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Anibarro García-Baquero
- Wildlife Hospital, Group of Rehabilitation of the Autochthonous Fauna and Their Habitat (GREFA), Monte del Pilar, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Irene López-Márquez
- Wildlife Hospital, Group of Rehabilitation of the Autochthonous Fauna and Their Habitat (GREFA), Monte del Pilar, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Fernando González-González
- Wildlife Hospital, Group of Rehabilitation of the Autochthonous Fauna and Their Habitat (GREFA), Monte del Pilar, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain; Departmental Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid 28020, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares E-28871, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Pleiter
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C Darwin 2, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao P, Wang X, Jiang H, Zhang B, Chen L, Zhao J, Teng J, Wang Q. Vertical distribution of microplastics in sediment columns along the coastline of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174685. [PMID: 38997042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
At present, there has been relatively less coverage of microplastics (MPs) pollution in sediment columns, especially across a large geographical span. This study collected sediment columns across 11 provinces along the coastline of China for MPs pollution investigation. The study found higher MPs diversity (Simpson diversity index) in sediment columns than in surface sediments, mostly comprising fiber MPs with dominant transparent and blue colors. Lower MPs pollution was noted in mangrove reserves, while estuarine and coastal areas showed higher pollution levels. Spearman correlation analysis shows that vertical of MPs abundance significantly decreased with depth at 6 of 11 sites. Large-sized MPs with diverse colors in deeper sediments (>40 cm) suggests that burial processes may render MPs more resistant to degradation. Our research highlights varied MPs distribution in coastal sediment, aiding future marine MPs pollution prediction and assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Hongyou Jiang
- Tianjin Marine Environment Monitoring Center, SOA, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jia Teng
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang N, Hao X, Wang Z, Li M, Zhang D, Cao R, Zhang R, Zhang H, Chen J, Geng N. p‑Phenylenediamine antioxidants in PM 2.5: New markers for traffic in positive matrix factorization source apportionment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135122. [PMID: 38986411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The extensive utilization of rubber-related products can lead to a substantial release of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants into the environment. In recent years, studies mainly focus on the pollution characteristics and health risks of PM2.5-bound PPDs. This study presents long-time scale data of PPDs and N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) in PM2.5 and proposes the innovative use of PPDs as new markers for vehicular emissions in the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source apportionment. The results indicate that PPDs and 6PPD-Q were detectable in 100 % of the winter PM2.5 samples, and the concentration ranges of PPDs and 6PPD-Q are 15.6-2.92 × 103 pg·m-3 and 3.90-27.4 pg·m-3, respectively, in which 6PPD and DNPD are the main compounds. Moreover, a competitive formation mechanism between sulfate, nitrate, ammonium (SNA) and 6PPD-Q was observed. The source apportionment results show that the incorporation of PPDs in PMF reduced the contribution of traffic source to PM2.5 from 13.5 % to 9.5 %. In the traffic source factor profiles, the load of IPPD, CPPD, DPPD, DNPD and 6PPD reaches 91.8 %, 91.6 %, 92.9 %, 80.6 % and 87.2 %, respectively. It`s amazing that traditional markers of traffic source, which often overlap with coal burning and industrial sources, over-estimated the contribution of vehicles by one third or more. The discovery of PPDs as specific markers for vehicular emissions holds significant utility, particularly considering the growing proportion of new energy vehicles in the future. The results may prove more accurate policy implications for pollution control. SYNOPSIS: PPDs are excellent indicators of vehicle emissions, and PMF without PPDs over-estimated the contribution of traffic source to PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuexin Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zichen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Minzhen Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ningbo Geng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thomas D, Bloem E. Visible intruders: Tracing (micro-) plastic in organic fertilizers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174311. [PMID: 38971256 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural soils have been identified as potential reservoirs for plastic pollution, with adverse effects on soil properties. Primary sources of plastic input in agricultural landscapes are associated with the application of sewage sludge or compost. Understanding the sources and anticipated plastic content is crucial in mitigating plastic pollution in agricultural fields. This study presents one of the first investigations into the plastic content and other impurities, e.g. glass, of seven organic fertilizers (biowaste compost, digested pig slurry, sewage sludge compost, dry chicken manure, green waste compost, sewage sludge, and a mixed digestate comprising pig slurry, chicken manure, and 74 % renewable raw materials). Potentially visible foreign substances were assessed on the surface of each fertilizer pile. No impurities could be detected in digested pig slurry, chicken manure, and mixed digestate. For the remaining fertilizers, visible potential foreign substances were collected, cleaned, visually described, weighed, photographed, size measured, and chemically characterized using ATR-FTIR. The quantification revealed that plastic particles are the most abundant and are contained in all other fertilizers, in contrast to glass and metal. An increasing trend in plastic particle number per m2: green waste < biowaste < sewage sludge compost < sewage sludge, which is about 4 times greater in sewage sludge than in green waste compost, could be observed. However, sewage sludge compost has the largest plastic mass and surface area per square meter. This illustrates that sewage sludge compost application can be a significant entry pathway for visual plastics into agricultural soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Thomas
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute - Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Bundesallee 47, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Elke Bloem
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Bundesallee 58, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hussain S, Siddique A, Hassan M, Rasool K, Shahzad A, Asad Naqvi SA, Ul Mustafa MR. Characteristics and health implications of fine particulate matter near urban road site in Islamabad, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118862. [PMID: 38574984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The escalating issue of air pollution has become a significant concern in urban regions, including Islamabad, Pakistan, due to the rise in air pollutant emissions driven by economic and industrial expansion. To gain a deeper understanding of air pollution, a study was conducted during winter 2022-2023, assessing physical, chemical, and biological factors in Islamabad. The findings revealed that the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was notably greater than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, reaching 133.39 μg/m³. Additionally, the average concentration of bacteria (308.64 CFU/m³) was notably greater than that of fungi (203.55 CFU/m³) throughout the study. Analytical analyses, including SEM-EDS and FTIR, showed that the PM2.5 in Islamabad is composed of various particles such as soot aggregates, coal fly ash, minerals, bio-particles, and some unidentified particles. EF analysis distinguished PM2.5 sources, enhancing understanding of pollutants origin, whereas Spearman's correlation analysis elucidated constituent interactions, further explaining air quality impact. The results from the Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) indicated a gradual increase in the total elemental composition of PM2.5 from autumn to winter, maintaining high levels throughout the winter season. Furthermore, a significant variation was found in the mass concentration of PM2.5 when comparing samples collected in the morning and evening. The study also identified the presence of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in PM2.5 samples, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic compounds, with notable variations in their concentrations. Utilizing health risk assessment models developed by the US EPA, we estimated the potential health risks associated with PM2.5 exposure, highlighting the urgency of addressing air quality issues. These findings provide valuable insights into the sources and composition of PM2.5 in Islamabad, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of air quality and its potential environmental and health implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Hussain
- Department of Space Sciences, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Siddique
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mujtaba Hassan
- Department of Space Sciences, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Asif Shahzad
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Syed Ali Asad Naqvi
- Department of Geography, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang M, Li J, Yin H, Wang X, Qin Y, Yang Z, Wen Y, Luo J, Yin D, Ge Y, Wang C, Sun X, Xu L. Pilot analysis of tire tread characteristics and associated tire-wear particles in vehicles produced across distinct time periods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172760. [PMID: 38670369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Owing to stringent vehicle emission regulations and the shifting automotive landscape towards clean-energy vehicles, the emission of non-exhaust tire-wear particles and its implications for microplastic contamination have garnered substantial attention, emerging as a focal point of research interest. Unlike traditional source apportionment methods involving direct environmental sampling, this study focuses on the physical and chemical attributes of tire treads, the tread temperature changes, and the tire-wear particle emissions of three light-duty vehicles manufactured between 2011 and 2021. This study advances the understanding of the effects of tire properties on particle emissions, which provides preliminary information on low-wear tires. The results show that tire-wear particle emissions, mainly composed of ultrafine particles in terms of number, heavily depend on the elevated tread temperatures. The change in tread temperature is influenced not only by the initial tread temperature but also by tread pyrolysis characteristics. Ca, Mg, and Zn are abundantly contained in the tire tread and tire-wear particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hang Yin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Vehicle Emission Control Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yechen Qin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhengjun Yang
- China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Yi Wen
- CATARC Automotive Test Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- CATARC Automotive Test Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Dailin Yin
- CATARC Automotive Test Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Yunshan Ge
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changhui Wang
- Shandong Chambroad New Energy Holding Development Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Xingyu Sun
- Shandong Chambroad New Energy Holding Development Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Linxun Xu
- Shandong Chambroad New Energy Holding Development Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rødland ES, Binda G, Spanu D, Carnati S, Bjerke LR, Nizzetto L. Are eco-friendly "green" tires also chemically green? Comparing metals, rubbers and selected organic compounds in green and conventional tires. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135042. [PMID: 38944996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Tires are a major source of synthetic and natural rubber particles, metals and organic compounds, in which several compounds are linked to negative environmental impact. Recent advances in material technology, coupled with focus on sustainability, have introduced a new range of tires, sold as "green, sustainable, and eco-friendly". Although these "green" tires may have lower impact on the environment on a global scale, there is no current knowledge about the chemical composition of "green" tires, and whether they are more eco-friendly when considering the release of tire wear particles or tire-associated chemicals. Here we have investigated the chemical composition of nine "green" vehicle tires, one "green" bike tire and seven "conventional" vehicle tires. No significant difference was found between "green" and "conventional" tires tested in this study. For N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), the average concentration in "green" tires were higher (16 ± 7.8 µg/mg) compared to "conventional" tires (8.7 ± 4.5 µg/mg). The relationship between metals, selected organic compounds and rubbers demonstrated large variation across brands, and lower variability between tires grouped according to their seasonal use. This study indicates that more work is needed to understand how the shift towards sustainable tires might change the chemical composition of tires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilberto Binda
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway; Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Davide Spanu
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Stefano Carnati
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | | | - Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway; RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ihenetu SC, Xu Q, Khan ZH, Shabi Ui Hassan Kazmi S, Ding J, Sun Q, Li G. Environmental fate of tire-rubber related pollutants 6PPD and 6PPD-Q: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119492. [PMID: 38936499 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
To enhance tire durability, the antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is used in rubber, but it converts into the toxic 6PPD quinone (6PPD-Q) when exposed to oxidants like ozone (O3), causing ecological concerns. This review synthesizes the existing data to assess the transformation, bioavailability, and potential hazards of two tire-derived pollutants 6PPD and 6PPD-Q. The comparative analysis of different thermal methods utilized in repurposing waste materials like tires and plastics into valuable products are analyzed. These methods shed light on the aspects of pyrolysis and catalytic conversion processes, providing valuable perspectives into optimizing the waste valorization and mitigating environmental impacts. Furthermore, we have examined the bioavailability and potential hazards of chemicals used in tire manufacturing, based on the literature included in this review. The bioavailability of these chemicals, particularly the transformation of 6PPD to 6PPD-Q, poses significant ecological risks. 6PPD-Q is highly bioavailable in aquatic environments, indicating its potential for widespread ecological harm. The persistence and mobility of 6PPD-Q in the environment, along with its toxicological effects, highlight the critical need for ongoing monitoring and the development of effective mitigation strategies to reduce its impact on both human health and ecosystem. Future research should focus on understanding the chronic effects of low-level exposure to these compounds on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as the potential for bioaccumulation in the food chain. Additionally, this review outlines the knowledge gaps, recommending further research into the toxicity of tire-derived pollutants in organisms and the health implications for humans and ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Chukwuemeka Ihenetu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
| | - Zulqarnain Haider Khan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Syed Shabi Ui Hassan Kazmi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qian Sun
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Elmarakby E, Elkadi H. Comprehending particulate matter dynamics in transit-oriented developments: Traffic as a generator and design as a captivator. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172528. [PMID: 38663620 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
In Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), the close integration of residential structures with community activities and traffic heightens residents' exposure to traffic-related pollutants. Despite traffic being a primary source of particulate matter (PM), the compact design of TODs, together with the impact of urban heat island (UHI), increases the likelihood of trapping emitted PM from traffic, leading to heightened exposure of TOD residents to PM. Although PM originates from two distinct sources in road traffic, exhaust and non-exhaust emissions (NEE), current legislation addressing traffic-related PM from non-exhaust emissions sources remains limited. This paper focuses on two TOD typologies in Manchester City-Manchester Piccadilly and East Didsbury-to understand the roles of TOD traffic as a PM generator and TOD place design as a PM container and trapper. The investigation aims to establish correlations between street design canyon ratios, vehicular Speed, and PM10/PM2.5, providing design guidance and effective traffic management strategies to control PM emissions within TODs. Through mapping the canyon ratio and utilising the Breezometer API for PM monitoring, the paper revealed elevated PM levels in both TOD areas, exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, particularly for PM2.5. Correlation analysis between canyon configuration and PM2.5/PM10 highlighted the importance of considering building heights and avoiding the creation of deep canyons in TOD design to minimise the limited dispersion of PM. Leveraging UK road statistics and the PTV Group API for vehicle speed calculations, the paper studied the average speeds on the TOD roads concerning PM. Contrary to conventional assumption, the correlation analyses have revealed a noteworthy association shift between vehicular speed and PM concentrations. A positive correlation existed between speed increase and PM increases on arterial roads. However, a negative correlation emerged on main, collector, and local streets, indicating that PM levels rise for both PM10 and PM2.5 as Speed decreases. These findings challenge the traditional assumption that higher Speed leads to increased emissions, highlighting the potential impact of NEE on PM concentrations. This paper calls for thorough design considerations and traffic management strategies in TOD, especially in dense areas, considering building height, optimising traffic flow, and enhancing compromised air quality associated with vehicular emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Elmarakby
- The University of Salford, School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Ain Shams University, Faculty of Engineering, Egypt.
| | - Hisham Elkadi
- The University of Salford, School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao T, Zhang Y, Song Q, Meng Q, Zhou S, Cong J. Tire and road wear particles in the aquatic organisms - A review of source, properties, exposure routes, and biological effects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:107010. [PMID: 38917645 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
With the continuous development of the modern social economy, rubber has been widely used in our daily life. Tire and road wear particles (TRWPs) are generated by friction between tires and the road surface during the processes of driving, acceleration, and braking. TRWPs can be divided into three main components according to their source: tire tread, brake wear, and road wear. Due to urban runoff, TRWPs flow with rainwater into the aquatic environment and influence the surrounding aquatic organisms. As an emerging contaminant, TRWPs with the characteristics of small particles and strong toxicity have been given more attention recently. Here, we summarized the existing knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of TRWPs, the pathways of TRWPs into the water body, and the exposure routes of TRWPs. Furthermore, we introduced the biological effects of TRWPs involved in size, concentration, and shape, as well as key toxic compounds involved in heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), and benzothiazole on aquatic organisms, and attempted to find the relevant factors influencing the toxic effects of TRWPs. In the context of existing policies that ignore pollution from TRWPs emissions in the aquatic environment, we also proposed measures to mitigate the impact of TRWPs in the future, as well as an outlook for TRWPs research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Qianqian Song
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Qingxuan Meng
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Jing Cong
- College of Marine Science and biological engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao 266000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Tang Y, Qiang W, Xiao W, Lian X, Yuan S, Yuan Y, Wang Q, Liu Z, Chen Y. Effect of tire wear particle accumulation on nitrogen removal and greenhouse gases abatement in bioretention systems: Soil characteristics, microbial community, and functional genes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118574. [PMID: 38452911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs), as predominant microplastics (MPs) in road runoff, can be captured and retained by bioretention systems (BRS). This study aimed to investigate the effect of TWPs accumulation on nitrogen processes, focusing on soil characteristics, microbial community, and functional genes. Two groups of lab-scale bioretention columns containing TWPs (0 and 100 mg g-1) were established. The removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and TN in BRS significantly decreased by 7.60%-24.79% and 1.98%-11.09%, respectively, during the 101 days of TWPs exposure. Interestingly, the emission fluxes of N2O and CO2 were significantly decreased, while the emission flux of CH4 was substantially increased. Furthermore, prolonged TWPs exposure significantly influenced the contents of soil organic matter (increased by 27.07%) and NH4+-N (decreased by 42.15%) in the planting layer. TWPs exposure also significantly increased dehydrogenase activity and substrate-induced respiration rate, thereby promoting microbial metabolism. Microbial sequencing results revealed that TWPs decreased the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria (Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas) and denitrifying bacteria (Dechloromonas and Thauera), reducing the nitrification rate by 42.24%. PICRUSt2 analysis further indicated that TWPs changed the relative abundance of functional genes related to nitrogen and enzyme-coding genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Li
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Yinghui Tang
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Weibo Qiang
- Central & Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Wenyu Xiao
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Xiaoke Lian
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Shaochun Yuan
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China; Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Hydraulic Engineering of Chongqing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Qinyi Wang
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China; Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Hydraulic Engineering of Chongqing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China; Engineering Laboratory of Environmental Hydraulic Engineering of Chongqing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
García-Haba E, Benito-Kaesbach A, Hernández-Crespo C, Sanz-Lazaro C, Martín M, Andrés-Doménech I. Removal and fate of microplastics in permeable pavements: An experimental layer-by-layer analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172627. [PMID: 38653422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of microplastics (MP) in urban environments has raised concerns over their negative effects on ecosystems and human health. Stormwater runoff, and road dust and sediment, act as major vectors of these pollutants into natural water bodies. Sustainable urban drainage systems, such as permeable pavements, are considered as potential tools to retain particulate pollutants. This research evaluates at laboratory scale the efficiency of permeable interlocking concrete pavements (PICP) and porous concrete pavements (PCP) for controlling microplastics, including tire wear particles (TWP) which constitute a large fraction of microplastics in urban environments, simulating surface pollution accumulation and Mediterranean rainfall conditions. Microplastic levels in road dust and sediments and stormwater runoff inputs were 4762 ± 974 MP/kg (dry weight) and 23.90 ± 17.40 MP/L. In infiltrated effluents, microplastic levels ranged from 2.20 ± 0.61 to 5.17 ± 1.05 MP/L; while tire wear particle levels ranged between 0.28 ± 0.28 and 3.30 ± 0.89 TWP/L. Distribution of microplastics within the layers of PICP and PCP were also studied and quantified. Microplastics tend to accumulate on the pavements surface and in geotextile layers, allowing microplastic retention efficiencies from 89 % to 99.6 %. Small sized (< 0.1 mm) fragment shaped microplastics are the most common in effluent samples. The results indicate that permeable pavements are a powerful tool to capture microplastics and tire wear particles, especially by surface and geotextile layers. The study aims to shed light on the complex mobilisation mechanisms of microplastics, providing valuable insights for addressing the growing environmental concern of microplastic pollution in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Haba
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | | | - Carmen Hernández-Crespo
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanz-Lazaro
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES), Universidad de Alicante, 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Ignacio Andrés-Doménech
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Keith M, Koller M, Lackner M. Carbon Recycling of High Value Bioplastics: A Route to a Zero-Waste Future. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1621. [PMID: 38931972 PMCID: PMC11207349 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, 98% of all plastics are fossil-based and non-biodegradable, and globally, only 9% are recycled. Microplastic and nanoplastic pollution is just beginning to be understood. As the global demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics continues to rise, biobased and biodegradable plastics have emerged as a promising solution. This review article delves into the pivotal concept of carbon recycling as a pathway towards achieving a zero-waste future through the production and utilization of high-value bioplastics. The review comprehensively explores the current state of bioplastics (biobased and/or biodegradable materials), emphasizing the importance of carbon-neutral and circular approaches in their lifecycle. Today, bioplastics are chiefly used in low-value applications, such as packaging and single-use items. This article sheds light on value-added applications, like longer-lasting components and products, and demanding properties, for which bioplastics are increasingly being deployed. Based on the waste hierarchy paradigm-reduce, reuse, recycle-different use cases and end-of-life scenarios for materials will be described, including technological options for recycling, from mechanical to chemical methods. A special emphasis on common bioplastics-TPS, PLA, PHAs-as well as a discussion of composites, is provided. While it is acknowledged that the current plastics (waste) crisis stems largely from mismanagement, it needs to be stated that a radical solution must come from the core material side, including the intrinsic properties of the polymers and their formulations. The manner in which the cascaded use of bioplastics, labeling, legislation, recycling technologies, and consumer awareness can contribute to a zero-waste future for plastics is the core topics of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Keith
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Martin Koller
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maximilian Lackner
- Go!PHA, Oudebrugsteeg 9, 1012 JN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Le Du-Carrée J, Palacios CK, Rotander A, Larsson M, Alijagic A, Kotlyar O, Engwall M, Sjöberg V, Keiter SH, Almeda R. Cocktail effects of tire wear particles leachates on diverse biological models: A multilevel analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134401. [PMID: 38678714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) stand out as a major contributor to microplastic pollution, yet their environmental impact remains inadequately understood. This study delves into the cocktail effects of TWP leachates, employing molecular, cellular, and organismal assessments on diverse biological models. Extracted in artificial seawater and analyzed for metals and organic compounds, TWP leachates revealed the presence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and 4-tert-octylphenol. Exposure to TWP leachates (1.5 to 1000 mg peq L-1) inhibited algae growth and induced zebrafish embryotoxicity, pigment alterations, and behavioral changes. Cell painting uncovered pro-apoptotic changes, while mechanism-specific gene-reporter assays highlighted endocrine-disrupting potential, particularly antiandrogenic effects. Although heavy metals like zinc have been suggested as major players in TWP leachate toxicity, this study emphasizes water-leachable organic compounds as the primary causative agents of observed acute toxicity. The findings underscore the need to reduce TWP pollution in aquatic systems and enhance regulations governing highly toxic tire additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Le Du-Carrée
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Clara Kempkens Palacios
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Rotander
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kotlyar
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), Mobile Robotics and Olfaction Lab (MRO), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Viktor Sjöberg
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mayer PM, Moran KD, Miller EL, Brander SM, Harper S, Garcia-Jaramillo M, Carrasco-Navarro V, Ho KT, Burgess RM, Thornton Hampton LM, Granek EF, McCauley M, McIntyre JK, Kolodziej EP, Hu X, Williams AJ, Beckingham BA, Jackson ME, Sanders-Smith RD, Fender CL, King GA, Bollman M, Kaushal SS, Cunningham BE, Hutton SJ, Lang J, Goss HV, Siddiqui S, Sutton R, Lin D, Mendez M. Where the rubber meets the road: Emerging environmental impacts of tire wear particles and their chemical cocktails. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171153. [PMID: 38460683 PMCID: PMC11214769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
About 3 billion new tires are produced each year and about 800 million tires become waste annually. Global dependence upon tires produced from natural rubber and petroleum-based compounds represents a persistent and complex environmental problem with only partial and often-times, ineffective solutions. Tire emissions may be in the form of whole tires, tire particles, and chemical compounds, each of which is transported through various atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic routes in the natural and built environments. Production and use of tires generates multiple heavy metals, plastics, PAH's, and other compounds that can be toxic alone or as chemical cocktails. Used tires require storage space, are energy intensive to recycle, and generally have few post-wear uses that are not also potential sources of pollutants (e.g., crumb rubber, pavements, burning). Tire particles emitted during use are a major component of microplastics in urban runoff and a source of unique and highly potent toxic substances. Thus, tires represent a ubiquitous and complex pollutant that requires a comprehensive examination to develop effective management and remediation. We approach the issue of tire pollution holistically by examining the life cycle of tires across production, emissions, recycling, and disposal. In this paper, we synthesize recent research and data about the environmental and human health risks associated with the production, use, and disposal of tires and discuss gaps in our knowledge about fate and transport, as well as the toxicology of tire particles and chemical leachates. We examine potential management and remediation approaches for addressing exposure risks across the life cycle of tires. We consider tires as pollutants across three levels: tires in their whole state, as particulates, and as a mixture of chemical cocktails. Finally, we discuss information gaps in our understanding of tires as a pollutant and outline key questions to improve our knowledge and ability to manage and remediate tire pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Mayer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Kelly D Moran
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Ezra L Miller
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Susanne M Brander
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Stacey Harper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Victor Carrasco-Navarro
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Yliopistonranta 1 E, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kay T Ho
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America.
| | - Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America.
| | - Leah M Thornton Hampton
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, United States of America.
| | - Elise F Granek
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, United States of America.
| | - Margaret McCauley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America.
| | - Jenifer K McIntyre
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, Washington Stormwater Center, 2606 W Pioneer Ave, Puyallup, WA 98371, United States of America.
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences (UW Tacoma), Civil and Environmental Engineering (UW Seattle), Center for Urban Waters, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, United States of America.
| | - Ximin Hu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (UW Seattle), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America.
| | - Antony J Williams
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Computational Chemistry & Cheminformatics Branch, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America.
| | - Barbara A Beckingham
- Department of Geology & Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 66 George Street Charleston, SC 29424, United States of America.
| | - Miranda E Jackson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Rhea D Sanders-Smith
- Washington State Department of Ecology, 300 Desmond Drive SE, Lacey, WA 98503, United States of America.
| | - Chloe L Fender
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - George A King
- CSS, Inc., 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Michael Bollman
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Sujay S Kaushal
- Department of Geology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States of America.
| | - Brittany E Cunningham
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America.
| | - Sara J Hutton
- GSI Environmental, Inc., Olympia, Washington 98502, USA.
| | - Jackelyn Lang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | - Heather V Goss
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Wastewater Management, Washington, DC 20004, United States of America.
| | - Samreen Siddiqui
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America.
| | - Rebecca Sutton
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Diana Lin
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| | - Miguel Mendez
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, 4911 Central Ave, Richmond, CA 94804, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wohlschläger M, Versen M, Löder MGJ, Laforsch C. Identification of different plastic types and natural materials from terrestrial environments using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3543-3554. [PMID: 38649517 PMCID: PMC11156735 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by plastics is a global issue of increasing concern. However, microplastic analysis in complex environmental matrices, such as soil samples, remains an analytical challenge. Destructive mass-based methods for microplastic analysis do not determine plastics' shape and size, which are essential parameters for reliable ecological risk assessment. By contrast, nondestructive particle-based methods produce such data but require elaborate, time-consuming sample preparation. Thus, time-efficient and reliable methods for microplastic analysis are needed. The present study explored the potential of frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) for rapidly and reliably identifying as well as differentiating plastics and natural materials from terrestrial environments. We investigated the fluorescence spectra of ten natural materials from terrestrial environments, tire wear particles, and eleven different transparent plastic granulates <5 mm to determine the optimal excitation wavelength for identification and differentiation via FD-FLIM under laboratory conditions. Our comparison of different excitation wavelengths showed that 445 nm excitation exhibited the highest fluorescence intensities. 445 nm excitation was also superior for identifying plastic types and distinguishing them from natural materials from terrestrial environments with a high probability using FD-FLIM. We could demonstrate that FD-FLIM analysis has the potential to contribute to a streamlined and time-efficient direct analysis of microplastic contamination. However, further investigations on size-, shape-, color-, and material-type detection limitations are necessary to evaluate if the direct identification of terrestrial environmental samples of relatively low complexity, such as a surface inspection soil, is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wohlschläger
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Rosenheim Technical University of Applied Sciences, Hochschulstraße 1, 83024, Rosenheim, Germany.
| | - Martin Versen
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Rosenheim Technical University of Applied Sciences, Hochschulstraße 1, 83024, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Martin G J Löder
- Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I and BayCEER, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Morreale M, La Mantia FP. Current Concerns about Microplastics and Nanoplastics: A Brief Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1525. [PMID: 38891471 PMCID: PMC11174615 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread and increasing use of plastic-based goods in the present-day world has been raising many concerns about the formation of microplastics, their release, their impacts on the environment and, ultimately, on living organisms. These concerns are even greater regarding nanoplastics, i.e., nanosized microplastics, which may have even greater impacts. In this brief review, although without any claim or intention to exhaustively cover all the aspects of such a complex and many-sided issue, the very topical problem of the formation of microplastics, and the even more worrisome nanoplastics, from polymer-based products was considered. The approach is focused on a terse, straightforward, and easily accessible analysis oriented to the main technological engineering aspects regarding the sources of microplastics and nanoplastics released into the environment, their nature, some of the consequences arising from the release, the different polymers involved, their technological form (i.e., products or processes, with particular attention towards unintentional release), the formation mechanisms, and some possible mitigation pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Morreale
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Francesco Paolo La Mantia
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dolar A, Petrišič T, Drobne D, Jemec Kokalj A. Response of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber to lipopolysaccharide challenge after microplastic and insecticide exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171698. [PMID: 38499105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The exposure of organisms to microplastics could compromise their ability to cope with other environmental stressors, such as infections. In this context, we investigated the effects of a 14-day exposure of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber to tire particles in soil (1.5 % w w-1 dry weight) on the organisms' response to a secondary exposure, i.e., injection of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. In addition, the insecticide chlorpyrifos (2 mg kg-1 dry weight) was tested as a positive control. The survival and immune response of P. scaber was assessed at the end of the 7- and 14-day primary exposure and two days after the secondary exposure, by analyzing selected haemolymph immune parameters (total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, and haemocyte viability). No change in survival was observed after primary exposure of P. scaber to tire particles or chlorpyrifos. However, primary exposure to chlorpyrifos triggered a strong activation of the immune response, which was not the case following exposure to the tire particles. Further injection of lipopolysaccharide into the body did not affect the survival of animals exposed to tire particles or chlorpyrifos, while a strong immunomodulatory change was observed, particularly with chlorpyrifos, and to some extent, tire particles. Based on these results, we conclude that exposure of P. scaber to tire particles or chlorpyrifos has no significant effect on the susceptibility of the organism to lipopolysaccharide in terms of their mortality, but primary exposure to an insecticide significantly modulates the immune response of the organisms to a second stressor. We discuss the "stress on stress" approach for testing low-toxic substances, such as microplastics, where an environmentally realistic exposure is followed by a secondary exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dolar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tina Petrišič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Polukarova M, Hjort M, Gustafsson M. Comprehensive approach to national tire wear emissions: Challenges and implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171391. [PMID: 38431172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The use of vehicle tires has been identified as a major source of microplastics in the environment and an increasing source of urban particulate air pollution. In light of increasing traffic volumes, increasingly heavier and more powerful vehicles due to trends and electrification, and the lack of tire wear regulation, methods to estimate and monitor changes in national emissions are needed as input for environmental impact assessments. Emission estimations of tire wear are made either based on the mileage approach or the sales approach. This study aims to investigate if and how the mileage approach can be improved by using emission factors for passenger cars and LDVs based on our own measurements and emission factors from the literature for HDVs and buses. An approach with emission factor adjustments based on weight and number of tires in combination with highly detailed mileage data has been evaluated. Sales approach calculations have been used to validate the method. A secondary aim was to use the new mileage approach framework to calculate the national tire wear emissions for Sweden. These calculations resulted in slightly lower total emissions than previous estimations provide, but with higher emissions for passenger cars and light-duty vehicles, and lower emissions for heavy-duty vehicles and motorcycles. Passenger cars constitute more than half of the total emissions. It is concluded that even though the framework offers greater detail, thus increasing the possibilities to adjust for changes in emission factors and mileages in specific vehicle categories, the challenges posed by such factors as the lack of measured emission factors for heavy-duty vehicles and uncertainties regarding the quality of mileage statistics makes the estimations uncertain. Important future suggestions for research include establishing reliable emission factors, especially for heavy-duty vehicles, and initiating research to better understand how climate, road networks, surface properties, and vehicle fleet characteristics affect emission factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Polukarova
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute Linköping (VTI), Box 8072, SE-402 78 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mattias Hjort
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute Linköping (VTI), Bruksgatan 8, SE-222 36 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mats Gustafsson
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute Linköping (VTI), SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim J, Lee S. Microplastic contamination in urban aquatic environments: Occurrence characteristics in urban streams and stormwater runoff from urban surfaces. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121050. [PMID: 38718605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates microplastics in urban environments, focusing on their abundance, types, and relationships with hydrological parameters. Microplastic analyses encompassed two steps: (1) examining urban streams including discharges from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) during non-rainy seasons, and (2) analyzing stormwater runoff from urban surfaces for microplastic content during rainy seasons. In urban streams, WWTP discharge exhibited higher microplastic concentrations compared to other streams, indicating WWTP discharge is a dominant source of microplastic pollution. The most prevalent microplastics detected were polypropylene, polyethylene, and their copolymer, although a variety of other types were also found. Concentrations of microplastics were notably influenced by specific urban land uses, as evidenced by a strong correlation (0.95) between microplastic concentrations and areas characterized by industrial and transportation activities. During rainy seasons, microplastics followed the pattern of stormwater runoff, but the highest concentrations, significantly exceeding those in urban streams, were observed before the peak runoff. These maximum concentrations and their timing of occurrence were linked to antecedent dry days, rain intensity, and runoff rate, showing significant statistical correlations. Regardless of their sizes, a diverse range of microplastic types was identified in these conditions, with no consistent pattern across different rain events. This highlights the complex nature of urban microplastic pollution. This study reveals that aquatic ecosystems are significantly affected by two primary factors: (1) the consistent contribution of microplastics from WWTP discharges, and (2) the short-term, but severe, impacts of microplastic pollution associated with stormwater runoff. Furthermore, it suggests the development of alternative strategies to mitigate microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems, informed by the findings on the characteristics of microplastics in urban environments. This research underscores the urgent need for integrated urban environmental management strategies, paving the way for future studies to further explore and address the multifaceted challenges posed by microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungmoon Lee
- Department of Environmental & IT Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shokunbi OS, Idowu GA, Aiyesanmi AF, Davidson CM. Assessment of Microplastics and Potentially Toxic Elements in Surface Sediments of the River Kelvin, Central Scotland, United Kingdom. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:932-945. [PMID: 38367028 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of the environment by microplastics (MPs), polymer particles of <5 mm in diameter, is an emerging concern globally due to their ubiquitous nature, interactions with pollutants, and adverse effects on aquatic organisms. The majority of studies have focused on marine environments, with freshwater systems only recently attracting attention. The current study investigated the presence, abundance, and distribution of MPs and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in sediments of the River Kelvin, Scotland, UK. Sediment samples were collected from eight sampling points along the river and were extracted by density separation with NaCl solution. Extracted microplastics were characterised for shape and colour, and the polymer types were determined through attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Pollution status and ecological risks were assessed for both the microplastics and PTEs. Abundance of MPs generally increased from the most upstream location (Queenzieburn, 50.0 ± 17.3 particles/kg) to the most downstream sampling point (Kelvingrove Museum, 244 ± 19.2 particles/kg). Fibres were most abundant at all sampling locations, with red, blue, and black being the predominant colours found. Larger polymer fragments were identified as polypropylene and polyethylene. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn exceeded Scottish background soil values at some locations. Principal component and Pearson's correlation analyses suggest that As, Cr, Pb and Zn emanated from the same anthropogenic sources. Potential ecological risk assessment indicates that Cd presents a moderate risk to organisms at one location. This study constitutes the first co-investigation of MPs and PTEs in a river system in Scotland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Sarah Shokunbi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Department of Basic Sciences, Babcock University, P. M. B. 4003, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Gideon Aina Idowu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Ademola Festus Aiyesanmi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M. B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Christine Margaret Davidson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Varshney S, O'Connor OL, Gora AH, Rehman S, Kiron V, Siriyappagouder P, Dahle D, Kögel T, Ørnsrud R, Olsvik PA. Mixture toxicity of 6PPD-quinone and polystyrene nanoplastics in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123835. [PMID: 38521395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution, including micro- and nanoplastics, is a growing concern. Tyre-wear particles (TWPs) are the second largest source of microplastics in the ocean following abrasion of synthetic fibres. In addition to the particles themselves, TWPs contain many harmful chemicals, including 6PPD. This chemical reacts with atmospheric ozone and forms the toxic compound 6PPD-quinone (6PPDq), which poses a danger to aquatic life. There is a knowledge gap in understanding risks associated with the combined toxicity of nanoplastics (NPs) and 6PPDq. The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity of NPs and 6PPDq on adult zebrafish using phenotypic (behaviour, histology) and transcriptomic endpoints. Zebrafish were exposed to four treatments: control (contaminant-free), 50 μg/L 6PPDq, 3 mg/L polystyrene (PS)-NPs, and a combination of 50 μg/L 6PPDq and 3 mg/L PS-NPs. We did not observe locomotory dysregulation in zebrafish exposed to NPs. However, we found significant hyperlocomotion in zebrafish exposed to 6PPDq and this effect was even more substantial after co-exposure with PS-NPs. This study explores the molecular mechanisms behind these effects, identifying genes associated with neurotransmitters and fatty acid metabolism that were dysregulated by the co-exposure. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that both 6PPDq and PS-NPs impacted cellular processes associated with sterol biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, and muscle tissue development. The effects on these mechanisms were stronger in co-exposed zebrafish, indicating a heightened risk to cellular integrity and mitochondrial dysfunction. These results highlight the significance of mixture toxicity when studying the effects of NPs and associated chemicals like 6PPDq.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Varshney
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Olivia L O'Connor
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Saima Rehman
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Dalia Dahle
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Tanja Kögel
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Pål A Olsvik
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schwab S, Nelson TF, Mecking S. Chemically Recyclable and Biodegradable Vulcanized Rubber. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:6281-6288. [PMID: 38665800 PMCID: PMC11041115 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c08435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The cross-linked nature of vulcanized rubbers as used in tire and many other applications prohibits an effective closed-loop mechanical or chemical recycling. Moreover, vulcanization significantly retards the material's biodegradation. Here, we report a recyclable and biodegradable rubber that is generated by the vulcanization of amorphous, unsaturated polyesters. The elastic material can be broken down via solvolysis into the underlying monomers. After removal of the vulcanized repeat units, the saturated monomers, constituting the major share of the material, can be recovered in overall recycling rates exceeding 90%. Respirometric biodegradation experiments by 13CO2 tracking under environmental conditions via the polyesters' diol monomer indicated depolymerization and partial mineralization of the vulcanized polyester rubbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon
T. Schwab
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Taylor F. Nelson
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xiao N, Wang Y, Guo Z, Shao T, Dong Z, Xing B. Tire plastic and road-wear particles on Yujing Expressway in the restoration area of Mu Us Sandy Land: Occurrence characteristics and ecological risk screening. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133860. [PMID: 38402682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Tire plastic and road-wear particles (TPR-WP) are a current research priority as one of the main environmental sources of microplastics. We selected a unique land use type - desert restoration area, collected soil and dust samples from the Yujing Expressway and its service areas, and analyzed TPR-WP abundance, type, size and morphology by laser direct infrared (LDIR). The abundance of TPR-WP in expressway dust (14,446.87 ± 10,234.24 n/kg) was higher than that in soil (7500 ± 3253.64 n/kg). Random forest model showed that the source of TPR-WP was highly correlated with economic factors and natural climate. Overall, the proportion of small and medium-sized TPR-WP in dust was higher than soil, more than half of the TPR-WP in dust were in 20 - 50 µm range. The proportion of small particle size TPR-WP increased with the rise of elevation. The pollution load index suggested that the survey region was generally at level I risk zone, while the ecological risk index indicated that the pollution level of expressway was III and IV, and the service area was IV. In general, the study was of great significance for clarifying the distribution and risk of TPR-WP in soil and dust of expressways and service areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Xiao
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Ziyi Guo
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Tianjie Shao
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhibao Dong
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rosso B, Scoto F, Hallanger IG, Larose C, Gallet JC, Spolaor A, Bravo B, Barbante C, Gambaro A, Corami F. Characteristics and quantification of small microplastics (<100 µm) in seasonal svalbard snow on glaciers and lands. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133723. [PMID: 38359761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Small microplastics (SMPs < 100 µm) can easily be transported over long distances far from their sources through the atmospheric pathways and reach even remote regions, including the Arctic. However, these sizes of MPs are mostly overlooked due to different analytical challenges; besides, their pathways through atmospheric depositions, such as snow depositions, are mostly unknown. The spatial variability in bulk snow samples was investigated for the first time in distinct sites (e.g., glaciers) near Ny Ålesund, the world-known northernmost permanent research settlement in the Svalbard Islands, to better comprehend the presence of SMP pollution in snow. Seasonal snow deposited over the tundra and the summits of different glaciers were also sampled. A sampling procedure was designed to obtain representative samples while minimizing plastic contamination, thanks to rigorous quality assurance and quality control protocol. SMPs' weight (µg SMP L-1) and deposition load (mg SMPs m-2) result from being lower in the remote glaciers, where they may be subject to long-range transport. The SMPs' minimum length was 20 µm, with the majority less than 100 µm. Regarding their size distribution, there was an increase in the size length deriving from the local input of the human presence near the scientific settlement. The presence of some polymers might be site-specific in relation to the pathways that affect their distribution at the sites studied. Also, from the snow surface layer collected at the same sites to evaluate the variability of SMPs during specific atmospheric deposition events, the results confirmed their higher weight and load in surface snow near the scientific settlement compared to the glaciers. The results will enhance the limited knowledge of the SMPs in polar atmospheric compartments and deposition processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rosso
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Federico Scoto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, CNR-ISAC, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Catherine Larose
- Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Écully, France
| | | | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Barbara Bravo
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Str. Rivoltana, Km 4, 20090 Rodano, MI, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciencies, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico Ca' Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, informatics, and Statistics, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chae E, Jung U, Choi SS. Types and concentrations of tire wear particles (TWPs) in road dust generated in slow lanes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123670. [PMID: 38423271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Drivers commonly navigate their vehicles at moderate speeds in proximity to traffic lights. In this study, road dust samples were collected in the vicinity of traffic lights, as well as at a taxi stand (TS) situated between traffic lights, with considerations given to both forward direction (FD) and backward direction (BD). The characterization of tire wear particles (TWPs) in the road dust was meticulously conducted based on particle size. Notably, tire-road wear particles (TRWPs) were conspicuously absent in samples surpassing 500 μm. Furthermore, TRWPs comprised less than 1% of identified particles in the road dust samples of 212-500 μm, with their origin traceable to heavy vehicles rather than passenger cars. The abundance of TRWPs from heavy vehicles exhibited marked variations, with heightened prevalence in the TS and BD samples as opposed to the FD sample. For the samples smaller than 212 μm, the composition of natural rubber (NR) in TWPs demonstrated a diminishing trend with escalating particle size. Conversely, the composition of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) exhibited an upward trajectory independent of the sampling site. The NR composition ratio in TWPs followed the order: TS (17-55%) > FD (17-47%) > BD (13-36%), while the SBR composition ratio exhibited the sequence: BD (62-86%) > FD (48-79%) > TS (24-70%). The TWP concentrations in road dust obtained from the TS (0.35-0.82%) were discernibly lower than those in the FD (0.54-1.77%) and BD (0.61-1.29%) samples. Specifically, the average TWP concentrations in road dust samples, falling within the size range of 20-212 μm, were 0.45%, 1.06%, and 0.91% for the TS, FD, and BD samples, respectively. These concentrations were lower than the corresponding values observed in samples collected from a bus stop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Uiyeong Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Seen Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Parker-Jurd FNF, Abbott GD, Guthery B, Parker-Jurd GMC, Thompson RC. Features of the highway road network that generate or retain tyre wear particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26675-26685. [PMID: 38451457 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The environmental accumulation of microplastics poses a formidable global challenge, with tyre wear particles (TWPs) emerging as major and potentially harmful contributors to this particulate pollution. A critical pathway for TWPs to aquatic environments is via road drainage. While drainage assets are employed worldwide, their effectiveness in retaining microplastics of highly variable densities (TWP ~ 1-2.5 g cm3) remains unknown. This study examines their ability to impede the transfer of TWPs from the UK Strategic Road Network (SRN) to aquatic ecosystems. Samples were collected from the influent, effluent and sediments of three retention ponds and three wetlands. The rate of TWP generation is known to vary in response to vehicle speed and direction. To ascertain the significance of this variability, we further compared the mass of TWPs in drainage from curved and straight sections of the SRN across eight drainage outfalls. Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) was used to quantify tyre wear using benzothiazole as a molecular marker for TWPs (with an internal standard benzothiazole-D4). Tyre wear was present in drainage from the SRN at concentrations of 2.86 ± 6 mg/L and was found within every sample analysed. Drainage from curved sections of the SRN contained on average a 40% greater TWP mass than straight sections but this was not significant. The presence of wetlands and retention ponds generally led to a reduction in TWP mass (74.9% ± 8.2). This effect was significant for retention ponds but not for wetlands; most probably due to variability among sites and sampling occasions. Similar drainage assets are used on a global scale; hence our results are of broad relevance to the management of TWP pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence N F Parker-Jurd
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Geoffrey D Abbott
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Bill Guthery
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Gustav M C Parker-Jurd
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Richard C Thompson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Neukirchen C, Meiners T, Bendl J, Zimmermann R, Adam T. Automated SEM/EDX imaging for the in-depth characterization of non-exhaust traffic emissions from the Munich subway system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170008. [PMID: 38220016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A SEM/EDX based automated measurement and classification algorithm was tested as a method for the in-depth analysis of micro-environments in the Munich subway using a custom build mobile measurements system. Sampling was conducted at platform stations, to investigate the personal exposure of commuters to subway particulate matter during platform stays. EDX spectra and morphological features of all analyzed particles were automatically obtained and particles were automatically classified based on pre-defined chemical and morphological boundaries. Source apportionment for individual particles, such as abrasion processes at the wheel-brake interface, was partially possible based on the established particle classes. An average of 98.87 ± 1.06 % of over 200,000 analyzed particles were automatically assigned to the pre-defined classes, with 84.68 ± 16.45 % of particles classified as highly ferruginous. Manual EDX analysis further revealed, that heavy metal rich particles were also present in the ultrafine size range well below 100 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Neukirchen
- University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thorsten Meiners
- Oxford Instruments GmbH, Borsigstraße 15 A, 652025 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jan Bendl
- University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Department Environmental Health, Helmholtz Munich, Gmunder Str. 37, 81379 München, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Adam
- University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Department Environmental Health, Helmholtz Munich, Gmunder Str. 37, 81379 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu JY, Ding J, Du S, Zhu D. Tire particles and its leachates: Impact on antibiotic resistance genes in coastal sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133333. [PMID: 38147751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Tire particles (TPs), a significant group of microplastics, can be discharged into the coastal environments in various ways. However, our understanding of how TPs impact the antibiotic resistance and pathogenic risks of microorganisms in coastal sediments remains limited. In this study, we used metagenomics to investigate how TPs and their leachates could affect the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs), and their potential risks to the living creatures such as soil invertebrates and microorganisms in the coastal sediments. We discovered that TP addition significantly increased the abundance and diversity of ARGs and VFGs in coastal sediments, with raw TPs displayed higher impacts than TP leachates and TPs after leaching on ARGs and VFGs. With increasing TP exposure concentrations, the co-occurrence frequency of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the same contig also increased, suggesting that TPs could enhance the dispersal risk of ARGs. Our metagenome-based binning analysis further revealed that exposure to TPs increased the abundance of potentially pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (PARB). In addition, chemical additives of TP leachates (e.g., Zn and N-cyclohexylformamide) significantly affected the changes of ARGs in the pore water. In summary, our study provides novel insights into the adverse effects of TP pollutions on aggravating the dissemination and pathogenic risks of ARGs and PARB in the coastal environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People' s Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People' s Republic of China
| | - Jing Ding
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People' s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People' s Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, People' s Republic of China.
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People' s Republic of China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, People' s Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ren Y, Li W, Jia Q, Zhao Y, Qu C, Liu L, Liu J, Wu C. Separation and quantification of tire and road wear particles in road dust samples: Bonded-sulfur as a novel marker. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133089. [PMID: 38016316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Tire road wear particles (TRWPs) are a large source of microplastics in the environment, while the quantification of TRWPs is still challenging due to the complex interferences and the uncertainties and inconsistencies among different methods. This study developed a TRWPs quantification method using optimized pretreatments and bonded-sulfur as marker. Road dust samples (n = 48) were collected, pretreatments including density separation, digestion and extraction were optimized to remove interferences of the bonded-sulfur (minerals, sulfur-containing proteins, hydrosoluble/hydrophobic sulfur-containing substances). Presence of TRWPs in the samples was confirmed by microscopy and scanning electron microscopyenergy dispersive spectrometry. Bonded-sulfur in the samples were quantified by inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICPMS). Additionally, bonded-sulfur in tire wear particles (TWPs) abraded from tires of top 10 best-selling brands were measured to calculate conversion factor (1.1 ×104 μg/g) for the quantification of TRWPs in real samples. TRWPs contents were 5.40 × 104 μg/g11.02 × 104 μg/g and 2.36 × 104 μg/g5.30 × 104 μg/g in samples from heavy and light traffic roads, respectively. The method provided better recoveries (88-107%, n = 18) and repeatability (RSD=2.0-7.9%, n = 3) compared to methods using rubber, benzothiazole and organic zinc as markers. Furthermore, stability of the bonded-sulfur was validated by Raman and ICPMS. Thus, this accurate and stable quantification method could promote research on TRWPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Jia
- China Testing & Certification International Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100024, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Qu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Chuandong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chae E, Bae SH, Lee SW, Yun JH, Choi SS. Characteristics of particulate matter from asphalt pavement and tire of a moving bus through driving tests in city road and proving ground. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123336. [PMID: 38211876 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Non-exhaust PM emissions from vehicles in real road have been conducted, but heavy vehicles have rarely been tested. In this study, PM2.5 and PM10 samples were directly collected from a tire of a moving bus and the composition was analyzed to investigate the sources of PM emissions. Driving tests were conducted at a proving ground (PG) and a city road (CR). PM2.5 emissions considerably increased when the lateral force of the tire increased and the vehicle accelerated. The PM emission rate was higher in the PG test than in the CR test because of the harsher driving conditions at PG. The emission rates of PM10 in the PG and CR tests were higher than those of PM2.5 by approximately 6 and 11 times, respectively. In the PG and CR tests, the proportions of tire wear particles (TWPs) were 4.9% and 2.1% in the PM2.5 samples, and 6.8% and 8.2% in the PM10 samples, respectively. Furthermore, TWPs with PM (TWPPM) were generated by other sources: secondary production of TWPPM by fragmentation of TWPs and resuspension of TWPPM on the road. The contributions of other sources to TWP2.5 generation were at least 6% and 57% in the PG and CR tests, respectively, whereas that to TWP10 generation was at least 3.5% in the CR test. Iron derived from brake abrasion and mineral particles was observed in the PM samples, and the Fe concentrations were higher in the PM10 samples than in the PM2.5 samples by over 9 and 18 times for the PG and CR tests, respectively. Sulfur sources, such as TWPs, exhaust gas, and bitumen, were observed in the PM samples. Based on our findings, we recommend that road wear particles should be removed from roads to reduce PM emissions upon driving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hu Bae
- Chassis & Materials Research Laboratory, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, 303 Pungse-ro, Pungse-myun, Dongnam-gu, Chonan-si, Chungnam, 31214, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won Lee
- Chassis & Materials Research Laboratory, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, 303 Pungse-ro, Pungse-myun, Dongnam-gu, Chonan-si, Chungnam, 31214, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ho Yun
- Chassis & Materials Research Laboratory, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, 303 Pungse-ro, Pungse-myun, Dongnam-gu, Chonan-si, Chungnam, 31214, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Seen Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jeong B, Kim JS, Kwon AR, Lee J, Park S, Koo J, Lee WS, Baek JY, Shin WH, Lee JS, Jeong J, Kim WK, Jung CR, Kim NS, Cho SH, Lee DY. Maternal nanoplastic ingestion induces an increase in offspring body weight through altered lipid species and microbiota. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108522. [PMID: 38401434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight, especially in children and adolescents, has become a serious societal issue. Although various genetic and environmental risk factors for pediatric obesity and overweight have been identified, the problem has not been solved. In this study, we examined whether environmental nanoplastic (NP) pollutants can act as environmental obesogens using mouse models exposed to NPs derived from polystyrene and polypropylene, which are abundant in the environment. We found abnormal weight gain in the progeny until 6 weeks of age following the oral administration of NPs to the mother during gestation and lactation. Through a series of experiments involving multi-omic analyses, we have demonstrated that NP-induced weight gain is caused by alterations in the lipid composition (lysophosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylcholine ratio) of maternal breast milk and he gut microbiota distribution of the progeny. These data indicate that environmental NPs can act as obesogens in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bohyeon Jeong
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, South Korea
| | - A Ra Kwon
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Jangjae Lee
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jahong Koo
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wang Sik Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yeob Baek
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Won-Ho Shin
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, South Korea; KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Jeong
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea; Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea; Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea; Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, South Korea.
| | - Da Yong Lee
- Rare Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea; KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Luo Y, Awoyemi O, Liu S, Niu J, Naidu R, Fang C. From celebration to contamination: Analysing microplastics released by burst balloons. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:133021. [PMID: 37992504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Air balloons are a ubiquitous presence in our daily lives, and their rupture may release a substantial quantity of debris, as investigated herein. We employ Raman imaging to capture the fragments resulting from balloon explosions, enabling the identification and direct visualisation of minute microplastic particles / fragments with an improved signal-to-noise ratio for precise quantification. To circumvent the generation of misleading confocal Raman images, we recommend employing terrain mapping to scan the three-dimensional surface of the sample. It is important to acknowledge that the analysis of microplastics at the micro-scale inherently poses limitations in terms of throughput, as it necessitates a trade-off between low and high magnifications. We conduct explosive experiments on ten-to-hundred balloons, collecting debris from various angles and positions. Our investigation involves the random testing of multiple samples / sample positions at the micro-scale, with subsequent extrapolation to estimate the total amount of microplastics. The amalgamation of these results through statistical analysis indicates that each balloon explosion can potentially release tens-to-thousands of microplastics, highlighting a concern that has hitherto received insufficient attention. The characterisation approach, particularly the random Raman scanning method in combination with SEM and the statistical analysis on accumulated samples employed in this report, has the potential to serve as a useful tool in future research on microplastics and even nanoplastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Luo
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Olalekan Awoyemi
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Junfeng Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Cheng Fang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gorule PA, Šmejkal M, Tapkir S, Stepanyshyna Y, Stejskal V, Follesa MC, Cau A. Long-term sublethal exposure to polyethylene and tire wear particles: Effects on risk-taking behaviour in invasive and native fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168233. [PMID: 37923265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic polymeric particles pollute even the most remote ecosystems and may compromise organisms' behaviour and movement skills. It is expected that invasive species cope better with pollutants than native species (i.e., pollution resistance hypothesis). In this study, invasive gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) and native crucian carp (Carassius carassius) were used as model organisms. Specimens were fed daily with food pellets (1 % body weight) added with 0.1 % polyethylene (PE), tire wear particles (TWPs) and control. Their behavioural parameters were compared before and after 14 and 60 days of exposure. Additionally, we evaluated burst swimming capacity after 60 days of exposure to the treatments. The fishes exposed to the PE and TWPs treatments showed significant trends toward increased boldness scores and, in the PE treatment, higher utilization of the open field, and both behavioural changes are associated with higher risk-taking. Invasive gibel carp had substantially better swimming performance than crucian carp, but the expected trend in relation to the treatments was not found. Fish exposed to sublethal doses of PE and TWPs showed signs of behavioural changes after two months of exposure that may affect risk-taking behaviour, which might impact species interactions with predators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj A Gorule
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Tommaso Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marek Šmejkal
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Sandip Tapkir
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Yevdokiia Stepanyshyna
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Stejskal
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Cristina Follesa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Tommaso Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; ConISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cau
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Tommaso Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy; ConISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nielsen AF, Polesel F, Ahonen T, Palmqvist A, Baun A, Hartmann NB. Assessing the Biodegradability of Tire Tread Particles and Influencing Factors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:31-41. [PMID: 37753867 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Abrasion of tire tread, caused by friction between vehicle tires and road surfaces, causes release of tire wear particles (TWPs) into various environmental compartments. These TWPs contribute to chemical, microplastic, and particulate matter pollution. Their fate remains largely unknown, especially regarding the extent and form in which they persist in the environment. The present study investigated (1) the biodegradability of tread particles (TPs) in the form of ground tire tread, (2) how accelerated ultraviolet (UV) weathering affects their biodegradability, and (3) which TP constituents are likely contributors to TP biodegradability based on their individual biodegradability. A series of closed-bottle tests, with aerobic aqueous medium inoculated with activated sludge, were carried out for pristine TPs, UV-weathered TPs, and selected TP constituents; natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), and treated distillate aromatic extracts (TDAE). Biodegradation was monitored by manometric respirometry, quantifying biological oxygen consumption over 28 days. Pristine TP biodegradability was found to be 4.5%; UV-weathered TPs showed higher biodegradability of 6.7% and 8.0% with similar and increased inoculum concentrations, respectively. The observed TP biodegradation was mainly attributed to biodegradation of NR and TDAE, with individual biodegradability of 35.4% and 8.0%, respectively; IR and BR showed negligible biodegradability. These findings indicate that biodegradability of individual constituents is decreased by a factor of 2 to 5 when compounded into TPs. Through scanning electron microscopy analysis, biodegradation was found to cause surface erosion. Processes of TP biodegradation are expected to change throughout their lifetime as new constituents are incorporated from the road and others degrade and/or leach out. Tire emissions likely persist as particles with an increased fraction of synthetic rubbers and carbon black. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:31-41. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering (DTU Sustain), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fabio Polesel
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering (DTU Sustain), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- DHI A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Tiia Ahonen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering (DTU Sustain), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- AFRY Finland Oy, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Annemette Palmqvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering (DTU Sustain), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nanna B Hartmann
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering (DTU Sustain), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bodus B, O'Malley K, Dieter G, Gunawardana C, McDonald W. Review of emerging contaminants in green stormwater infrastructure: Antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, tire wear particles, PFAS, and temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167195. [PMID: 37777137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Green stormwater infrastructure is a growing management approach to capturing, infiltrating, and treating runoff at the source. However, there are several emerging contaminants for which green stormwater infrastructure has not been explicitly designed to mitigate and for which removal mechanisms are not yet well defined. This is an issue, as there is a growing understanding of the impact of emerging contaminants on human and environmental health. This paper presents a review of five emerging contaminants - antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, tire wear particles, PFAS, and temperature - and seeks to improve our understanding of how green stormwater infrastructure is impacted by and can be designed to mitigate these emerging contaminants. To do so, we present a review of the source and transport of these contaminants to green stormwater infrastructure, specific treatment mechanisms within green infrastructure, and design considerations of green stormwater infrastructure that could lead to their removal. In addition, common removal mechanisms across these contaminants and limitations of green infrastructure for contaminant mitigation are discussed. Finally, we present future research directions that can help to advance the use of green infrastructure as a first line of defense for downstream water bodies against emerging contaminants of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bodus
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Kassidy O'Malley
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Greg Dieter
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Charitha Gunawardana
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Walter McDonald
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Micella I, Kroeze C, Bak MP, Strokal M. Causes of coastal waters pollution with nutrients, chemicals and plastics worldwide. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115902. [PMID: 38101060 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, coastal waters contain pollutants such as nutrients, plastics, and chemicals. Rivers export those pollutants, but their sources are not well studied. Our study aims to quantify river exports of nutrients, chemicals, and plastics to coastal waters by source and sub-basin worldwide. We developed a new MARINA-Multi model for 10,226 sub-basins. The global modelled river export to seas is approximately 40,000 kton of nitrogen, 1,800 kton of phosphorous, 45 kton of microplastics, 490 kton of macroplastics, 400 ton of triclosan and 220 ton of diclofenac. Around three-quarters of these pollutants are transported to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Diffuse sources contribute by 95-100 % to nitrogen (agriculture) and macroplastics (mismanaged waste) in seas. Point sources (sewage) contribute by 40-95 % to phosphorus and microplastics in seas. Almost 45 % of global sub-basin areas are multi-pollutant hotspots hosting 89 % of the global population. Our findings could support strategies for reducing multiple pollutants in seas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Micella
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam P Bak
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Krishna ABS, Madhu M, Jayadev A. Investigation of microplastics and microplastic communities in selected river and lake basin soils of Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:66. [PMID: 38117399 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Riparian areas are highly dynamic bio-geophysical settings with a surge of waste deposition predominantly including land-based plastic discards. These polymer discards are destined to be the prime constitution of marine "plastisphere." The polymer fate is determined by waterbodies, where the chances of plastic retention are higher, eventually mediating the formation of microplastics (MPs) in years or decades. Such formed MPs are a potential threat to the aqua bio-regime. A systematic investigation of three waterbody basin soils (Karamana River, Killiyar, and Akkulam-Veli Lake) showed the presence of MPs in all the samples analyzed with varying sizes, shapes, colors, and compositions. MPs of the shapes flakes, fragments, filaments, sheets, foams, and fibers were observed with dimensions 0.3-4.7 mm. Most of the particles were white in hue (WT), followed by colorless (CL), light yellow (L.Y), light brown (L.B), orange (OR), red (RD), and blue (BL), respectively. The polymer communities were identified as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), and nylon. The highest average MP density was identified in the basin of Killiyar (799 ± 0.09 pieces/kg) followed by Karamana River (671 ± 3.45 pieces/kg), indicating the closeness of the sampling station to the city center compared to Akkulam-Veli Lake (486 ± 58.55 pieces/kg). The majority of the sampling sites belonged to the slopy areas and came under the highly urbanized land category. A close association was observed between particle abundance and urban activity. The study foresees possible threats inflicted by MP abundance upon the area-wide hydro-biological system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana B S Krishna
- Research Center and Post Graduate Department of Environmental Sciences, All Saints' College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Maha Madhu
- Research Center and Post Graduate Department of Environmental Sciences, All Saints' College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ayona Jayadev
- Research Center and Post Graduate Department of Environmental Sciences, All Saints' College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rødland ES, Heier LS, Lind OC, Meland S. High levels of tire wear particles in soils along low traffic roads. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166470. [PMID: 37625724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Traffic pollution has been linked to high levels of metals and organic contaminants in road-side soils, largely due to abrasion of tires, brake pads and the road surface. Although several studies have demonstrated correlations between different pollutants and various traffic variables, they mainly focused on roads with medium to high traffic density (>30,000 vehicles per day). In this study we have focused on investigating tire wear particles and road-related metals (zinc, copper, lead, chromium, nickel, and the metalloid arsenic) in the soils of low traffic roads in rural areas (650-14,250 vehicles per day). Different explanatory factors were investigated, such as traffic density, speed, % heavy vehicles, organic matter content, annual precipitation, soil types and roadside slope profiles. The results show high levels of tire wear particles, from 2000 to 26,400 mg/kg (0.2-2.6 % tire wear in d.w. soil), which is up to five times higher compared to previously reported values in roadside soils of high traffic density areas. A weak but significant correlation was found between tire wear particles, traffic speed and the annual precipitation. No significant relationship was found between tire wear particles metals. The concentrations of metals were comparable to previous studies of high traffic areas of Norway, as well as both urban and rural soils in other countries. For the metals, all factors together explained 45 % of the variation observed, with traffic density (11 %) and organic matter content (10 %) as the most important single variables. The analysis of tire wear particles in soils using Pyrolysis Gas chromatography Mass Spectrometry is challenging, and the results presented demonstrate the need for pretreatment to remove organic matter from the samples before analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lene S Heier
- Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Construction, Postbox 1010, N-2605 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Sondre Meland
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhu B, Chen Y, Jiang L, Liu C, Zhu H, Qiu D, Wang S. Quantification and characterization of microplastics in farmland soils of Jiangsu Province, East China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:120653-120662. [PMID: 37943431 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The soil ecosystem plays a significant role in the dynamics of microplastics. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of microplastics in six farmland plots from the cities of Nanjing, Suzhou, and Xuzhou were conducted by using laser infrared imaging system (LDIR). The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in farmland soils in Jiangsu Province ranged from 667-9333 items/kg, and the difference between the abundance of microplastics in soils from open-field cultivation and greenhouse farming was not significant. The vertical distribution characteristics showed that the abundance of microplastic decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth. However, there was no significant difference in particle size between top soil (0-5 cm) and deep soil (10-20 cm). Fragments were the most common microplastic form in soil samples (94.6%), with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) being the main polymer type, followed by polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Compared with previous studies conducted in China, the abundance of microplastics in farmland soils in Jiangsu Province was at moderate level but was notably higher than other places within the Yangtze River Delta region. The conclusions drawn from this paper provided important reference data for future assessment of microplastic pollution in agricultural fields. Furthermore, they establish a fundamental groundwork for understanding the migration patterns of MPs in soil environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Linhui Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Haimei Zhu
- Pizhou Station of Farmland Quality Protection, Xuzhou, 221300, China
| | - Dan Qiu
- Jiangsu Provincial Station of Farmland Quality and Agricultural Environmental Protection, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Molazadeh MS, Liu F, Lykkemark J, Lordachescu L, Nielsen AH, Vollertsen J. What is hiding below the surface - MPs including TWP in an urban lake. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 182:108282. [PMID: 37952413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Inland lakes play an important role as habitats for local species and are often essential drinking water reservoirs. However, there is limited information about the presence of microplastics (MPs) in these water bodies. Thirteen sediment samples were collected across a Danish urban lake to map MPs, including tyre wear particles (TWP). The lower size detection limit was 10 µm. MPs were quantified as counts, size, and polymer type by Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy (µFTIR) and mass estimated from the 2D projections of the MPs. As TWP cannot be determined by µFTIR, counts and sizes could not be quantified by this technique. Instead, TWP mass was determined by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The average MP abundance was 279 mg kg-1 (µFTIR), of which 19 mg kg-1 (Py-GC/MS) were TWP. For MPs other than tyre wear, the average MP count concentration was 11,312 counts kg-1. Urban runoff from combined sewer overflows and separate stormwater outlets combined with outflow from a wastewater treatment plant were potential point sources. The spatial variation was substantial, with concentrations varying several orders of magnitude. There was no pattern in concentration across the lake, and the distribution of high and low values seemed random. This indicates that large sampling campaigns encompassing the entire lake are key to an accurate quantification. No preferential spatial trend in polymer characteristics was identified. For MPs other than TWP, the size of buoyant and non-buoyant polymers showed no significant difference across the lake, suggesting that the same processes brought them to the sediment, regardless of their density. Moreover, MP abundance was not correlated to sediment properties, further indicating a random occurrence of MPs in the lake sediments. These findings shed light on the occurrence and distribution of MPs, including TWP, in an inland lake, improving the basis for making mitigation decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marziye Shabnam Molazadeh
- Aalborg University, Section of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of the Built Environment, Thomas Manns Vej 23, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark.
| | - Fan Liu
- Aalborg University, Section of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of the Built Environment, Thomas Manns Vej 23, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Lykkemark
- Aalborg University, Section of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of the Built Environment, Thomas Manns Vej 23, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| | - Lucian Lordachescu
- Aalborg University, Section of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of the Built Environment, Thomas Manns Vej 23, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen
- Aalborg University, Section of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of the Built Environment, Thomas Manns Vej 23, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| | - Jes Vollertsen
- Aalborg University, Section of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of the Built Environment, Thomas Manns Vej 23, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Napper IE, Baroth A, Barrett AC, Bhola S, Chowdhury GW, Davies BFR, Duncan EM, Kumar S, Nelms SE, Niloy MNH, Nishat B, Maddalene T, Smith N, Thompson RC, Koldewey H. The distribution and characterisation of microplastics in air, surface water and sediment within a major river system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166640. [PMID: 37647965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Rivers are key pathways for the transfer of microplastics (MP) to marine environments. However, there are considerable uncertainties about the amount of microplastics transported by rivers to the ocean; this results in inaccuracies in our understanding of microplastic quantity and transport by freshwater systems. Additionally, it has been suggested that rivers may represent long-term sinks, with microplastics accumulating in sediment due to their high density or other biological, chemical, and physical factors. The atmosphere is also an important pathway by which airborne microplastics may enter aquatic habitats. Here, we compare for first time microplastics type and concentration in these key environmental mediums (air, water and sediment) along a major river (Ganges), from sea to source to understand 1) the abundance, 2) the spatial distribution, and 3) characteristics. Mean microplastic abundance settling from the atmosphere was 41.12 MP m2 day-1; while concentrations in sediment were 57.00 MP kg-1 and in water were 0.05 MP L-1. Across all sites and environmental mediums, rayon (synthetically altered cellulose) was the dominant polymer (54-82 %), followed by acrylic (6-23 %) and polyester (9-17 %). Fibres were the dominant shape (95-99 %) and blue was the most common colour (48-79 %). Across water and sediment environmental mediums, the number of microplastics per sample increased from the source of the Ganges to the sea. Additionally, higher population densities correlated with increased microplastic abundance for air and water samples. We suggest that clothing is likely to be the prominent source of microplastics to the river system, influenced by atmospheric deposition, wastewater and direct input (e.g. handwashing of clothes in the Ganges), especially in high density population areas. However, we suggest that subsequent microplastic release to the marine environment is strongly influenced by polymer type and shape, with a large proportion of denser microplastics settling in sediment prior to the river discharging to the ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imogen E Napper
- International Marine Litter Research Unit, University of Plymouth, UK; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK.
| | - Anju Baroth
- Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aaron C Barrett
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Sunanda Bhola
- Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gawsia W Chowdhury
- Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; WildTeam, 69/1 New Circular Road, Malibagh, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Bede F R Davies
- Nantes Université, Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR2160, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Emily M Duncan
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, UK
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sarah E Nelms
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, UK
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan Niloy
- Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; WildTeam, 69/1 New Circular Road, Malibagh, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh
| | | | - Taylor Maddalene
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA; University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Natalie Smith
- International Marine Litter Research Unit, University of Plymouth, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK
| | - Richard C Thompson
- International Marine Litter Research Unit, University of Plymouth, UK; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Heather Koldewey
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, UK; Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jafarova M, Grifoni L, Renzi M, Bentivoglio T, Anselmi S, Winkler A, Di Lella LA, Spagnuolo L, Aherne J, Loppi S. Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black Locust) Leaflets as Biomonitors of Airborne Microplastics. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1456. [PMID: 38132282 PMCID: PMC10740701 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Here we investigate the suitability of Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) leaflets as a novel biomonitor of airborne microplastics (MPs) including tyre wear particles (TWPs). Leaflets were collected from rural roadside locations (ROs, n = 5) and urban parks (UPs, n = 5) in Siena, Italy. MPs were removed by washing, identified by stereomicroscope, and analysed for polymer type by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Daily MP deposition was estimated from leaf area. The mass magnetic susceptibility and the bioaccumulation of traffic-related potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were also analysed. The total number of MPs at ROs was significantly higher at 2962, dominated by TWPs, compared with 193 in UPs, where TWPs were not found. In contrast, total microfibres were significantly higher in UPs compared with ROs (185 vs. 86). Daily MP deposition was estimated to range from 4.2 to 5.1 MPs/m2/d across UPs and 29.9-457.6 MPs/m2/d across ROs. The polymer types at ROs were dominated by rubber (80%) from TWPs, followed by 15% polyamide (PA) and 5% polysulfone (PES), while in UPs the proportion of PES (44%) was higher than PA (22%) and polyacrylonitrile (11%). The mean mass magnetic susceptibility, a proxy of the bioaccumulation of traffic-related metallic particles, was higher at ROs (0.62 ± 0.01 10-8 m3/kg) than at UPs (-0.50 ± 0.03 10-8 m3/kg). The content of PTEs was similar across sites, except for significantly higher concentrations of Sb, a tracer of vehicle brake wear, at ROs (0.308 ± 0.008 µg/g) compared with UPs (0.054 ± 0.006 µg/g). Our results suggest that the waxy leaflets and easy determination of surface area make Robinia an effective biomonitor for airborne MPs including TWPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehriban Jafarova
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.J.); (L.G.); (L.A.D.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Lisa Grifoni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.J.); (L.G.); (L.A.D.L.); (S.L.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Tecla Bentivoglio
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015 Orbetello, Italy; (T.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Serena Anselmi
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015 Orbetello, Italy; (T.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Aldo Winkler
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Luigi Antonello Di Lella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.J.); (L.G.); (L.A.D.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Lilla Spagnuolo
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Julian Aherne
- School of Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.J.); (L.G.); (L.A.D.L.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dupasquier M, Hernandez J, Gonzalez A, Aguirre C, McDonald W. Integrated tire wear buildup and rainfall-runoff model to simulate tire wear particles in stormwater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:118958. [PMID: 37716167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an approach to integrate tire wear buildup and rainfall-runoff models to simulate tire wear buildup on road surfaces and its subsequent transport in stormwater runoff events. To do so, a buildup model is presented based on vehicle kilometers traveled, vehicle type, vehicle speed, and road roughness within a watershed. This buildup model was integrated into an EPA SWMM model that simulated the runoff of tire wear particles in twelve watersheds in the San Francisco, CA bay area. Results demonstrate that tire wear particle buildup within the watersheds ranged between 0.4 and 0.51 (kg/km2) per hour. Applied to the SWMM model, total event mean tire wear concentrations ranged between 0.5 and 67 μg/L. These concentrations were linearly correlated to depth-integrated samples collected at the outlet of each of the watersheds (R2 = 0.66). The proposed modeling approach can ultimately be applied to create solutions to an emerging stormwater contaminant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dupasquier
- Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Department, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Jaime Hernandez
- Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Department, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Alondra Gonzalez
- Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Department, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Cesar Aguirre
- Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Department, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Walter McDonald
- Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Department, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Beji A, Deboudt K, Muresan B, Khardi S, Flament P, Fourmentin M, Lumiere L. Physical and chemical characteristics of particles emitted by a passenger vehicle at the tire-road contact. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139874. [PMID: 37604335 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Non-exhaust emissions are now recognized as a significant source of atmospheric particulate matter and the trend towards a reduction of conventionally fueled internal combustion engine vehicles on the road is increasing their contribution to air pollution due to lower exhaust emissions. These particles include brake wear particles (BWP) and tire-road contact particles (TRCP), which are composed of tire wear particles (TWP), road wear particles (RWP) and resuspended road dust (RRD). The goal of this study has therefore been to design an original experimental approach to provide insight into the chemical composition of particles emitted at the tire-road contact, focusing on the micron (PM10-1μm) and submicron (PM1-0.1μm) fractions. Through this characterization, an examination of the different TRCP generated by different materials (tire, road surface, brake system) was conducted. To achieve this, TRCP were collected at the rear of the wheel of an instrumented vehicle during road and track tests, and a SEM-EDX analysis was performed. Our experimental conditions have allowed us to demonstrate that, at the individual particle scale, TRCP are consistently associated with road dust materials and particles solely composed of tire or road materials are practically non-existent. The contribution of BWP to TRCP is marked by the emission of Fe-rich particles, including heavy metals like Ba, Mn and Cr. TWP, which result from rubber abrasion, consist of C-rich particles abundant in Si, Zn, and S. RWP, mainly composed of Al, Si, Fe, and Ca, can be either part of RRD or internally mixed with emitted TWP. The findings of this study highlight the substantial role of RRD to TRCP emissions under real driving conditions. Consequently, it underscores the importance of examining them simultaneously to achieve a more accurate estimation of on-road traffic emissions beyond the vehicle exhaust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Beji
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France; Environment-Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Karine Deboudt
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France.
| | - Bogdan Muresan
- Environment-Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Salah Khardi
- University of Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, LaMCoS, UMR 5259, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascal Flament
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Marc Fourmentin
- Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of the Atmosphere (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Laurence Lumiere
- Environment-Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Deng L, Yuan Y, Xi H, Wan C, Yu Y, Wu C. The destiny of microplastics in one typical petrochemical wastewater treatment plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165274. [PMID: 37406692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) is a type of emerging contaminant that is verified to be threatening to some organisms. Controlling MP emission from the source is preferred for its refractory characteristic. The petrochemical industry is a possible contributor, responsible for the most plastic production, and wastewater is the most possible sink of MP. This study applied the Agilent 8700 Laser infrared imaging spectrometer (LDIR) to detect MPs in one typical petrochemical wastewater treatment plant (PWWTP). It was determined that the abundances of MPs in the influent and effluent of the target PWWTP were as high as 7706 and 608 particles/L. The primary treatment removed most MPs (87.5 %) with a final removal efficiency of 92.1 %. 23 types of MPs were identified, and Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Silicone resin prevailed in the effluent. All the MPs were smaller than 483.9 μm. All in all, this study preliminarily unveiled the ignorable status of the petrochemical industry in releasing MPs into the water environment for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Deng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hongbo Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|