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Bu Q, Fang L, Huang B, Cai H, Pan Z. The association between alcohol consumption and blood lipids in Chinese children and adolescent: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:320. [PMID: 38724982 PMCID: PMC11080137 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption by children and adolescents is receiving increasing attention. It may cause dyslipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the association between alcohol consumption and blood lipids in children and adolescents is unclear, and so we aimed to characterize this association. METHODS Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were extracted from children and adolescents aged 7-18 years for whom information was available on alcohol consumption. The population was divided into drinking and nondrinking groups. The χ2, Student's t, or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare groups. Univariate and multivariate linear regression and propensity score matching (PSM) analysis were used to identify the association between alcohol consumption and blood lipids. RESULTS This study included 408 children and adolescents with 35 drinkers and 373 nondrinkers. The drinkers had significantly lower values of total cholesterol (TC) (3.8 mmol/L for nondrinkers versus 3.5 mmol/L for drinkers, p = 0.002) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.3 mmol/L for nondrinkers versus 1.2 mmol/L for drinkers, p = 0.007), but not for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (2.1 mmol/L for nondrinkers versus 2.0 mmol/L for drinkers, p = 0.092) or triglyceride (TG) (0.9 mmol/L for nondrinkers versus 0.8 mmol/L for drinkers, p = 0.21). The univariate and multivariate analyses led to the same conclusions. After PSM there was still a significant negative association between alcohol consumption and TC or HDL-C. CONCLUSION Alcohol consumption in children and adolescents exhibited significant negative associated with TC and HDL-C, but not with LDL-C or TG. These findings need to be confirmed in future prospective research, and the health effects of blood lipid changes caused by drinking in children and adolescents need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingting Bu
- Department of Genetics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingyan Fang
- Department of Medical Quality Control, Yantaishi Penglai Second People's Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huijun Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Chen Y, Du J, Zhou N, Song Y, Wang W, Hong X. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidaemia and their determinants: results from a population-based survey of 60 283 residents in eastern China. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075860. [PMID: 38128931 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidaemia and its associated factors in eastern China. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Data were collected from the 2017 Nanjing Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. PARTICIPANTS This study included 60 283 participants aged ≥18 years. OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of dyslipidaemia was defined as self-reported history of dyslipidaemia and/or the use of lipid-lowering medication, and/or meeting at least one of the following during on-site investigation: total cholesterol ≥6.2 mmol/L, triglyceride ≥2.3 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥4.1 mmol/L and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.0 mmol/L. Dyslipidaemia awareness was defined as the proportion of patients with dyslipidaemia who explicitly indicate their awareness of having a diagnosis of dyslipidaemia. Treatment was based on medication use among individuals with dyslipidaemia. Control was defined as having dyslipidaemia, receiving treatment and achieving serum lipid control to the standard level. ANALYSIS Complex weighting was used to calculate weighted prevalence. A two-level logistic regression model determined the influencing factors for dyslipidaemia prevalence, awareness, treatment and control. RESULTS The crude prevalence rate of dyslipidaemia was 28.4% (17 093 of 60 283). Among 17 093 patients with dyslipidaemia, the crude rates of awareness, treatment and control were 40.0% (n=6830), 27.5% (n=4695) and 21.9% (n=3736), respectively. The corresponding weighted prevalence rates were 29.8%, 41.6%, 28.9% and 22.9%. Older age (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.23), urban residence (1.24, 1.19 to 1.31), higher education level (1.31, 1.21 to 1.42), current smoking (1.22, 1.15 to 1.29), alcohol consumption (1.20, 1.14 to 1.26), obesity (2.13, 1.99 to 2.29), history of hypertension (1.64, 1.56 to 1.71) and diabetes (1.92, 1.80 to 2.04) were identified as independent risk factors for dyslipidaemia (all p<0.001). Participants who were older, female, living in urban areas, had higher education levels, did not smoke or drink alcohol, had central obesity, had hypertension or had diabetes were more likely to be aware of their dyslipidaemia conditions, receive treatment and achieve serum lipid control to a standard level than their comparators (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dyslipidaemia is relatively high in eastern China; however, awareness, treatment and control levels are relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Chen
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinling Du
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingqian Song
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Jia L. Dietary cholesterol in alcohol-associated liver disease. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2023; 5:e00026. [PMID: 37152117 PMCID: PMC10158609 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) worldwide. In addition to excessive alcohol consumption, other nutritional factors have been shown to affect the initiation and progression of ALD. The emerging role of cholesterol in exacerbating ALD has been reported recently and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. In addition, the interplay between dietary cholesterol and alcohol on cholesterol metabolism is reviewed. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of cholesterol-lowering drugs in managing the onset and severity of ALD. Finally, we suggest the future mechanistic investigation of the effect of cholesterol on insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in the exacerbation of alcohol-induced cellular and systemic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jia
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Hayashi F, Ohira T, Sato S, Nakano H, Okazaki K, Nagao M, Shimabukuro M, Sakai A, Kazama JJ, Hosoya M, Takahashi A, Maeda M, Yabe H, Yasumura S, Ohto H, Kamiya K. Association between Dietary Diversity and Sociopsychological Factors and the Onset of Dyslipidemia after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Fukushima Health Management Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14636. [PMID: 36429357 PMCID: PMC9690897 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the onset of low-density lipoprotein hypercholesterolemia (hyper-LDLemia), high-density lipoprotein hypocholesterolemia (hypo-HDLemia), and hyper-triglyceridemia (hyper-TGemia) and lifestyle/socio-psychological factors among Fukushima evacuation area residents after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Participants included 11,274 non-hyper-LDLemia, 16,581 non-hypo-HDLemia, and 12,653 non-hyper-TGemia cases in the Fiscal Year (FY) 2011. In FY2011, these participants underwent a health checkup and responded to a mental health and lifestyle survey. The onset of each disease was followed through FY2017. The evacuation experience was positively associated with the risk of hyper-LDLemia, hypo-HDLemia, or hyper-TGemia. Conversely, the middle high dietary diversity score was negatively associated with the onset of hyper-TGemia. Moreover, low sleep satisfaction was positively associated with hypo-HDLemia and hyper-TGemia. The "almost never" exercise habit was positively associated with hypo-HDLemia. Current smoking and audible nuclear power plant explosions were positively associated with the risk of hyper-TGemia. Drinking habits exhibited a negative association with the onset of hyper-LDLemia, hypo-HDLemia, and hyper-TGemia. The results of this study indicate the need for continuous improvement in lifestyle, as well as efforts to eliminate the impact of disasters to prevent the onset of dyslipidemia among disaster evacuees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Hayashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shiho Sato
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kanako Okazaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagao
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Junichiro James Kazama
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-City 734-8553, Japan
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Cheng Z, Luo X, Zhu Z, Huang Y, Yan X. Furfural Produces Dose-Dependent Attenuating Effects on Ethanol-Induced Toxicity in the Liver. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906933. [PMID: 35754511 PMCID: PMC9214037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) increases the health burden worldwide, but effective drugs to prevent ALD are lacking. Furfural is a small molecule that can limit alcohol production in microorganisms and may have the capacity to attenuate ethanol-induced toxicity. Methods: Human HepG2 cells were incubated with ethanol and furfural, and cell viability, NAD+/NADH ratio, and mitochondrial function assays were performed. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data were used to annotate enriched pathways, and these findings were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT–qPCR) and Western blotting. C57BL/6J mice were fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet. After 4 weeks, biochemical analysis of mouse serum and histological analysis of mouse livers were performed. Results: Different concentrations of furfural exerted different effects on mitochondria: low-dose furfural reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, maintained mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and inhibited apoptosis pathway activation, while high-dose furfural led to the opposite effects. In mice, furfural mitigated transaminase increases and attenuated the lipid metabolism disorder that had been induced by ethanol. Conclusion: Low-dose furfural reduced ethanol-induced toxicity in the liver. Consuming food or beverages containing the appropriate level of furfural when drinking alcohol may be a convenient and useful way to prevent ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Cheng
- The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanmei Luo
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zixin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yonghui Huang
- The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiue Yan
- The Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Hydrochloride Berberine ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating inflammation and lipid metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang HZ, Shao B, Wang QY, Wang YH, Cao ZZ, Chen LL, Sun JY, Gu MF. Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:802163. [PMID: 35282366 PMCID: PMC8907587 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.802163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the dose-response association between alcohol consumption and atrial fibrillation (AF) risk. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched using keywords related to alcohol and AF from the establishment of databases up to 1 March 2021. Prospective studies examining the impact of alcohol on the risk of AF with hazard ratios (HRs) were included. Restricted cubic spline regression was performed to quantify the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and AF risk. Results Thirteen eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 645,826 participants and 23,079 cases of AF. When compared with non-/seldom-drinkers, the pooled adjusted HRs of AF were 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–1.41) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.96–1.05) for high and low alcohol consumption, respectively. Moderate alcohol intake significantly increased the risk of AF in males (HR, 1.21; 95% CI: 1.10–1.33) but not in females (HR, 1.02; 95% CI: 0.91–1.14). The cubic spline regression analysis illustrated that the risk of AF significantly increased with daily alcohol intake in a Non-linear manner (R2 = 0.64, P = 5.785 × 10−12). Conclusion This study revealed a Non-linearly positive association between alcohol intake and the risk of AF. Low alcohol intake was not associated with the development of AF, whereas moderate alcohol intake significantly increased the risk of AF in males but not in females. Our meta-analysis highlighted that alcohol consumption should be restricted to a low level to reduce the risk of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Yu Wang
- School of Mathematical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Han Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Zhong Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Lu Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu-Feng Gu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wilkens TL, Tranæs K, Eriksen JN, Dragsted LO. Moderate alcohol consumption and lipoprotein subfractions: a systematic review of intervention and observational studies. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1311-1339. [PMID: 34957513 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improvement in cardiovascular risk markers, including lipoproteins and lipoprotein subfractions. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the relationship between moderate alcohol intake, lipoprotein subfractions, and related mechanisms. DATA SOURCES Following PRISMA, all human and ex vivo studies with an alcohol intake up to 60 g/d were included from 8 databases. DATA EXTRACTION A total of 17 478 studies were screened, and data were extracted from 37 intervention and 77 observational studies. RESULTS Alcohol intake was positively associated with all HDL subfractions. A few studies found lower levels of small LDLs, increased average LDL particle size, and nonlinear relationships to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Cholesterol efflux capacity and paraoxonase activity were consistently increased. Several studies had unclear or high risk of bias, and heterogeneous laboratory methods restricted comparability between studies. CONCLUSIONS Up to 60 g/d alcohol can cause changes in lipoprotein subfractions and related mechanisms that could influence cardiovascular health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. 98955.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine L Wilkens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Tranæs
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane N Eriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tan HLE, Hure A, Peel R, Hancock S, Attia J. Prevalence and clinical risk prediction of hypertriglyceridaemia in a community cohort. Intern Med J 2021; 53:363-372. [PMID: 34779574 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) (defined as ≥1.7mmol/L) has a prevalence of 18-33% with significant inter-regional variation. Despite meta-analyses demonstrating its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, only 40% of HTG is identified in the community resulting in underutilisation of lipid lowering therapy and specialist clinics. Increase awareness of its clinical risk factors is needed to improve identification and management of HTG to prevent cardiovascular risk. AIMS To evaluate the prevalence, distribution and clinical predictors of hypertriglyceridaemia ≥1.7 mmol/L in a representative community group. METHODS Data were obtained from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), a longitudinal cohort of community-dwelling men and women aged between 55-85 years residing in Newcastle, NSW. Fasting triglycerides were identified based on availability of fasting blood glucose level and categorised according to normal (<1.7mmol/L), mild (1.7- <2.3mmol/L), and moderate-severe HTG (≥2.3mmol/L). Clinical predictors of HTG were assessed using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS Of 2536 triglyceride levels, 2216 (87%) were in a fasting state and included in the study. Three hundred and two (13.6%) participants had mild HTG and 221 (10.0%) participants had moderate-severe HTG. Significant clinical predictors of HTG included male gender, increasing Body Mass Index (BMI), current smoking, decreasing daily step counts, increasing fasting glucose and higher thyroid stimulating hormone. Alcohol intake and blood pressure were not significant in either adjusted regression model. CONCLUSION Hypertriglyceridaemia ≥1.7mmol/L is common, affecting 24% of HCS. Clinical predictors identify modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular risk management. Clinician education to promote awareness is required to improve patient outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin Evelyn Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle
| | - Alexis Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | - Roseanne Peel
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | - Stephen Hancock
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
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Mathur K, Vilar-Gomez E, Connelly MA, He H, Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Jiang ZG. Circulating high density lipoprotein distinguishes alcoholic hepatitis from heavy drinkers and predicts 90-day outcome: lipoproteins in alcoholic hepatitis. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:805-813. [PMID: 34756674 PMCID: PMC8688310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and alcoholic hepatitis (AH) significantly impact the liver, an organ central to the lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. OBJECTIVE To define changes in the lipid and lipoprotein profiles in subjects with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) versus heavy drinkers with normal liver function and to determine the association of the AH-mediated lipoprotein phenotype with AH severity and outcomes. METHODS AH cases (n=196) and a heavy drinker control group (n=169) were identified in a multicenter, prospective cohort. The relationships between lipid panels and lipoprotein profiles among AH and heavy drinkers were interrogated using three common measurements: the conventional lipid panel, extended lipid panel by NMR, and NMR-based direct lipoprotein profiling. Predictive values for AH severity and mortality were determined using Harrell's C-Index. RESULTS Lipid and lipoprotein profiles were significantly different in AH compared to heavy drinkers. Among them, high density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentration exhibited the most significant reduction in AH compared to heavy drinkers (5.3 ± 3.4 vs 22.3 ± 5.4 μmol/L, p < 0.001). Within AH patients, HDL particle concentration was inversely associated with Maddrey's Discriminant Function (DF) (p < 0.001), and independently associated with mortality at both 90 and 365 days even after adjustment for DF (p = 0.02, p = 0.05 respectively). HDL particle concentration less than 3.5 μmol/L and total cholesterol ≤ 96 mg/dL identified AH patients with higher 90-day mortality. CONCLUSION Lipid and lipoprotein profiles are profoundly altered in AH and can help in prognosticating disease severity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Mathur
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eduardo Vilar-Gomez
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Hanchang He
- Divison of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Z Gordon Jiang
- Divison of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nazir S, Jankowski V, Bender G, Zewinger S, Rye KA, van der Vorst EP. Interaction between high-density lipoproteins and inflammation: Function matters more than concentration! Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:94-119. [PMID: 33080259 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in lipid metabolism and especially contributes to the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Over recent years it has become clear that the effect of HDL on immune-modulation is not only dependent on HDL concentration but also and perhaps even more so on HDL function. This review will provide a concise general introduction to HDL followed by an overview of post-translational modifications of HDL and a detailed overview of the role of HDL in inflammatory diseases. The clinical potential of HDL and its main apolipoprotein constituent, apoA-I, is also addressed in this context. Finally, some conclusions and remarks that are important for future HDL-based research and further development of HDL-focused therapies are discussed.
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12
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Xi Y, Niu L, Cao N, Bao H, Xu X, Zhu H, Yan T, Zhang N, Qiao L, Han K, Hang G, Wang W, Zhang X. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adults aged ≥35 years in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1068. [PMID: 32631296 PMCID: PMC7339536 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence has increased continuously over the last 30 years in China. Dyslipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor in CVD. We aimed to collect current data on the prevalence of dyslipidemia in northern China and explore potential influencing factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we selected a representative sample of 65,128 participants aged ≥35 years in Inner Mongolia during 2015–2017. All participants completed a questionnaire and were examined for risk factors. Dyslipidemia was defined according to 2016 Chinese guidelines for adults. The associated factors for dyslipidemia were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The age-standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia was 31.2% overall, with 4.3, 2.4, 14.7, and 17.4% for high total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), respectively. The dyslipidemia prevalence was significantly higher in men than women (37.9% vs. 27.5%, P < 0.001), but postmenopausal women had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia components (except low HDL-C). Compared with Han participants, Mongol participants had a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia (29.1% vs. 31.4%, P < 0.001). Male sex, living in urban areas, Han ethnicity, smoking, obesity, central obesity, hypertension, and diabetes were all positively correlated with dyslipidemia; alcohol consumption was linked to lower risk of dyslipidemia. Conclusions Our study revealed that dyslipidemia is a health problem in northern China. Greater efforts to prevent and manage dyslipidemia, especially in men under age 55 years, postmenopausal women, and people with unhealthy lifestyles or chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xi
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Ning Cao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Han Bao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Xu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Tao Yan
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Liying Qiao
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Han
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Gai Hang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China.
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Khodja Y, Samuels ME. Ethanol-mediated upregulation of APOA1 gene expression in HepG2 cells is independent of de novo lipid biosynthesis. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:144. [PMID: 32563265 PMCID: PMC7306146 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate alcohol intake in human increases HDL-cholesterol, and has protective effects against cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although de novo lipid synthesis inhibitors are highly effective in lowering total and LDL-cholesterol they have only modest effects on raising HDL-C. A better understanding of the mechanism of ethanol-mediated HDL-C regulation could suggest new therapeutic approaches for CVD. METHODS Human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) and colorectal epithelial adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells were incubated in the presence of varying concentrations of ethanol in the culture medium, with or without addition of de novo lipid synthesis (DNLS) inhibitors (atorvastatin and/or TOFA). ApoA1 protein was measured by Western blot, and RNA of lipid pathway genes APOA1, APOC3, APOA4, APOB100, HMGCR, LDLR, and SREBF2 by quantitative RT-PCR. Lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, and HDL) and lipids were also monitored. RESULTS Ethanol stimulated ApoA1 protein (both cytoplasmic and secreted) and APOA1 RNA levels in HepG2 cells in a dose sensitive way, with ~ 50% upregulation at 100 mM ethanol in the medium. The effect was not observed in intestinal-derived Caco-2 cells. DNLS inhibitors did not block the upregulation of ApoA1 RNA by ethanol; TOFA alone produced a modest increase in ApoA1 RNA. Ethanol had no effect on ABCA1 protein levels. Addition of ethanol to the cell medium led to modest increases in de novo synthesis of total cholesterol, cholesteryl esters and triglycerides, and as expected these increases were blocked when the lipid synthesis inhibitors were added. Ethanol stimulated a small increase in HDL and VLDL but not LDL synthesis. Ethanol in the cell medium also induced modest but measurable increases in the RNA of APOC3, APOA4, APOB, LDLR, and HMGCR genes. Unlike APOA1, induction of RNA from APOC3 and APOA4 was also observed in Caco-2 cells as well as HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION This study has verified the previously reported upregulation of APOA1 by exposure of HepG2, but not Caco-2 cells, to ethanol in the culture medium. It is shown for the first time that the effect is dependent on RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription, but not on de novo biosynthesis of cholesterol or fatty acids, and therefore is not a generalized metabolic response to ethanol exposure. Some other lipid pathway genes are also modulated by ethanol exposure of cells. The results reported here suggest that the proximal signaling molecule leading to increased APOA1 gene expression in response to ethanol exposure may be free acetate or acetyl-CoA. TAKE HOME Upregulation of ApoA1 gene expression in hepatoma cells in culture, upon exposure to moderate ethanol concentrations in the medium, occurs at the level of RNA and is not dependent on new cholesterol or fatty acid synthesis. The primary signaling molecule may be free acetate or acetyl-CoA. These results are important for understanding the mechanism by which moderate alcohol consumption leads to upregulation of serum HDL-cholesterol in humans, and suggests new approaches to targeting HDL as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcef Khodja
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, 3175, Cote St. Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Département de biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark E Samuels
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, 3175, Cote St. Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada. .,Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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14
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Yokoyama A, Taniki N, Nakamoto N, Tomita K, Hara S, Mizukami T, Maruyama K, Yokoyama T. Associations among liver disease, serum lipid profile, body mass index, ketonuria, meal skipping, and the alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genotypes in Japanese men with alcohol dependence. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:565-577. [PMID: 31845443 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate associations among liver disease, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), ketonuria, and meal skipping under the influence of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B; rs1229984) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2; rs671) genotypes in men with alcohol dependence. METHODS We investigated the associations among these variables in 1768 Japanese men with alcohol dependence. Serum lipid levels were followed up after abstinence. RESULTS The slow-metabolizing ADH1B Arg/Arg genotype and inactive ALDH2 Glu/Lys genotype increased the age- and drinking-adjusted odds ratio or regression coefficient for fatty liver, ketonuria, and serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDL-C), and decreased these for cirrhosis and serum triglyceride levels (TG). The ADH1B Arg/Arg genotype increased the adjusted regression coefficient for BMI and non-HDL-C. In addition to the positive interlinkage among fatty liver, BMI, and atherogenic dyslipidemia, positive associations were observed of fatty liver with ketonuria and meal skipping, of cirrhosis with the BMI, and of ketonuria with non-HDL-C. Negative associations were observed of cirrhosis with fatty liver, TG, non-HDL-C, and HDL-C, and of ketonuria with BMI and TG. Overall, after admission for 4 or 6 weeks, the TG and HDL-C decreased, and the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased. However, there was no change of the serum low-density lipoprotein in the patients with cirrhosis or of the serum TG in those with fatty liver. CONCLUSIONS These associations and the alterations in lipid profile after abstinence serve as useful information for a better understanding of the clinical features of men with alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yokoyama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hara
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizukami
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Maruyama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
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15
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Liberale L, Bonaventura A, Montecucco F, Dallegri F, Carbone F. Impact of Red Wine Consumption on Cardiovascular Health. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3542-3566. [PMID: 28521683 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170518100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The devastating effects of heavy alcohol drinking have been long time recognized. In the last decades, potential benefits of modest red wine drinking were suggested. In European countries in which red wide intake is not negligible (such as France), the association between cholesterol and cardiovascular (CV) risk was less evident, suggesting the action of some protective molecules in red wine or other foods and drinks. METHODS This narrative review is based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed up to May 2016. The search terms we used were: "red wine, cardiovascular, alcohol" in combination with "polyphenols, heart failure, infarction". RESULTS Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence of a J-shaped relationship between red wine intake and CV risk further supported the "French paradox". Specific components of red wine both in vitro and in animal models were discovered. Polyphenols and especially resveratrol largely contribute to CV prevention mainly through antioxidant properties. They exert beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic diseases, thus reducing the risk of adverse CV events such as myocardial infarction ischemic stroke and heart failure. Of interest, recent studies pointed out the role of ethanol itself as a potential cardioprotective agent, but a clear epidemiological evidence is still missing. The aim of this narrative review is to update current knowledge on the intracellular mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols and ethanol. Furthermore, we summarized the results of epidemiological studies, emphasizing their methodological criticisms and the need for randomized clinical trials able to clarify the potential role of red wine consumption in reducing CV risk. CONCLUSION Caution in avowing underestimation of the global burden of alcohol-related diseases was particularly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 9 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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16
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Akimoto S, Goto C, Kuriki K. Relationship between ethanol consumption and TBL2 rs17145738 on LDL-C concentration in Japanese adults: a four season 3-day weighed diet record study. BMC Nutr 2019; 5:61. [PMID: 32153974 PMCID: PMC7050859 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-019-0315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration is modified by dietary and genetic factors; however, little is known about the details of this relationship. Our aim was to investigate the associations taking into account dietary assessment methods, seasonal effects and missing values.
Methods
Study subjects completed food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and supplied 3-day weighed dietary records (WDRs) and blood samples in four seasons. Approximately 660,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were measured. Candidate SNPs related to LDL-C concentration were systematically selected. Multiple imputation was applied for missing values. A total of 312 repeated measures data were used for analyses. After adjusting for season and subjects as fixed and random effects, effects of nutrient intake and SNPs on LDL-C concentration were assessed according to three dietary assessment methods: the FFQ and first and four season 3-day WDRs (4 s-3d WDRs).
Results
For LDL-C concentration, ethanol consumption derived from all three dietary assessment methods was consistently associated (P < 0.09 for all). Positive and negative relationships were consistently shown with rs651007 and rs1160985 in the first and four seasons; but the latter remained after adjusting for total dietary fiber intake derived from the FFQ and 4 s-3d WDRs (P < 0.05, excepting the first 3-day WDRs). rs599839 was negatively associated after cholesterol intakes derived from the first and 4 s-3d WDRs were considered (P < 0.05 and 0.07, respectively). Each rs17145738 and ethanol consumption based on the 4 s-3d WDRs was related to LDL-C concentration (P < 0.05). Seasonal variations of LDL-C concentration were observed only in summer.
Conclusions
In contrast to nutrient intake, ethanol consumption was shown to be comprehensively related to LDL-C concentration, regardless of dietary assessment methods. Taking into account seasonal effects, critical relationships with LDL-C concentration for some SNPs, after adjustment for specific nutrients, were revealed. Our findings can be used to help to interpret the relationships between dietary and genetic factors on LDL-C concentration in large-scale epidemiological studies.
(10/10 keywords)
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17
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Valerio G, Mozzillo E, Zito E, De Nitto E, Maltoni G, Marigliano M, Zucchini S, Maffeis C, Franzese A. Alcohol consumption or cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease risk in youth with type 1 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:1315-1321. [PMID: 31493030 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association between alcohol consumption and/or cigarette smoking with other unhealthy behaviors and clinical cardiovascular risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Two hundred and twenty-eight youth with type 1 diabetes (age 13-19 years) were consecutively enrolled in three Regional Pediatric Diabetes Centers in Italy. Demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle (adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern and sports participation) and laboratory parameters were compared among youth reporting isolated or combined alcohol consumption and/or cigarette smoking. RESULTS Ten percent of the youth reported alcohol consumption, 10% cigarette smoking and 6% both alcohol and cigarette use; 74% did not report alcohol or cigarette use. Compared to non-drinker non-smoker youth, smokers showed significantly higher percentages of each of the behavioral and clinical cardiovascular risk factors. Drinkers showed a significantly higher proportion of abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemia and poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Alcohol consumption was independently associated with both dyslipidemia and high glycosylated hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the need to increase the awareness of youth with T1D about the negative impact of alcohol drinking on cardiovascular risk, since the effects of alcohol might be underestimated with respect to the well-known detrimental effects of smoking. Clustering of unhealthy lifestyle should be discouraged in type 1 diabetes youth in order to promote cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Mozzillo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Zito
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena De Nitto
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Maltoni
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Pediatrics, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Marigliano
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University City Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Zucchini
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Pediatrics, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University City Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Adriana Franzese
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Mansour M, Tamim H, Nasreddine L, El Khoury C, Hwalla N, Chaaya M, Farhat A, Sibai AM. Prevalence and associations of behavioural risk factors with blood lipids profile in Lebanese adults: findings from WHO STEPwise NCD cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026148. [PMID: 31434763 PMCID: PMC6707694 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of behavioural risk factors, namely cigarette smoking, physical activity, dietary intakes and alcohol consumption, with blood lipids profile. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Data drawn from a cross-sectional study involving participants aged 18 years and over (n=363) from the nationwide WHO STEPwise Nutrition and Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor survey in Lebanon. MEASURES Demographic characteristics, behaviours and medical history were obtained from participants by questionnaire. Dietary assessment was performed using a 61-item Culture-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire that measured food intake over the past year. Lipid levels were measured by the analysis of fasting blood samples (serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)). RESULTS Current cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and low physical activity were prevalent among 33.3%, 39.7% and 41.6% of the sample, respectively. The contributions of fat and saturated fat to daily energy intake were high, estimated at 36.5% and 11.4%, respectively. Abnormal levels of TC, TG, VLDL, LDL-C and HDL-C were observed for 55.4%, 31.4%, 29.2%, 47.5% and 21.8% of participants, respectively. Adjusting for potential confounders, cigarette smoking was positively associated with higher odds of TG and VLDL (OR=4.27; 95% CI 1.69 to 10.77; and 3.26; 95% CI 1.33 to 8.03, respectively) with a significant dose-response relationship (p value for trend=0.010 and 0.030, respectively). Alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake (≥10% energy intake) were associated with higher odds of LDL-C (OR=1.68; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.82 and OR= 1.73; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.93). Physical activity did not associate significantly with any blood lipid parameter. CONCLUSION The demonstrated positive associations between smoking, alcohol drinking and high saturated fat intake with adverse lipoprotein levels lay further evidence for clinical practitioners, public health professionals and dietitians in the development of preventive strategies among subjects with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases in Lebanon and other neighbouring countries with similar epidemiological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megali Mansour
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani Tamim
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christelle El Khoury
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Monique Chaaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Farhat
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Louaize, Lebanon
| | - Abla M Sibai
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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19
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Bazal P, Gea A, Martínez-González MA, Salas-Salvadó J, Asensio EM, Muñoz-Bravo C, Fiol M, Muñoz MA, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem LL, Pintó X, González JI, Becerra-Tomás N, Fitó M, Ros E, Alonso-Gómez A, Ruiz-Canela M. Mediterranean alcohol-drinking pattern, low to moderate alcohol intake and risk of atrial fibrillation in the PREDIMED study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:676-683. [PMID: 31078364 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is ongoing controversy about the effect of a low to moderate alcohol consumption on atrial fibrillation (AF). Our aim is to assess the association between adherence to a Mediterranean alcohol drinking pattern and AF incidence. METHODS AND RESULTS A total 6527 out of the 7447 participants in the PREDIMED trial met our inclusion criteria. A validated frequency food questionnaire was used to measure alcohol consumption. Participants were classified as non-drinkers, Mediterranean alcohol drinking pattern (MADP) (10-30 g/d in men and 5-15 g/day in women, preferably red wine consumption with low spirits consumption), low-moderate drinking (<30 g/day men y and < 15 g/day women), and heavy drinking. We performed multivariable Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of incident AF according to alcohol drinking patterns. After a mean follow up of 4.4 years, 241 new incident AF cases were confirmed. Alcohol consumption was not associated to AF incidence among low-moderate drinkers (HR: 0.96; 95%CI: 0.67-1.37), adherents to MADP (HR: 1.15 95%CI: 0.75-1.75), or heavy drinkers (HR: 0.92; 95%CI: 0.53-1.58), compared with non-drinkers. CONCLUSIONS In a high cardiovascular risk adult population, a Mediterranean alcohol consumption pattern (low to moderate red wine consumption) was not associated with an increased incidence of AF. CLINICAL TRIALS URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bazal
- Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - E M Asensio
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Muñoz-Bravo
- Department of Public Health, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - M Fiol
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Illes Balears Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - M A Muñoz
- Catalan Institute of Health and Primary Care University Research Institute IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - L L Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & CHUIMI Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - X Pintó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J I González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Becerra-Tomás
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - M Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelon, Spain
| | - E Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Endocrinology & Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Alonso-Gómez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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de Vries PS, Brown MR, Bentley AR, Sung YJ, Winkler TW, Ntalla I, Schwander K, Kraja AT, Guo X, Franceschini N, Cheng CY, Sim X, Vojinovic D, Huffman JE, Musani SK, Li C, Feitosa MF, Richard MA, Noordam R, Aschard H, Bartz TM, Bielak LF, Deng X, Dorajoo R, Lohman KK, Manning AK, Rankinen T, Smith AV, Tajuddin SM, Evangelou E, Graff M, Alver M, Boissel M, Chai JF, Chen X, Divers J, Gandin I, Gao C, Goel A, Hagemeijer Y, Harris SE, Hartwig FP, He M, Horimoto ARVR, Hsu FC, Jackson AU, Kasturiratne A, Komulainen P, Kühnel B, Laguzzi F, Lee JH, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, Matoba N, Nolte IM, Pietzner M, Riaz M, Said MA, Scott RA, Sofer T, Stančáková A, Takeuchi F, Tayo BO, van der Most PJ, Varga TV, Wang Y, Ware EB, Wen W, Yanek LR, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Afaq S, Amin N, Amini M, Arking DE, Aung T, Ballantyne C, Boerwinkle E, Broeckel U, Campbell A, Canouil M, Charumathi S, Chen YDI, Connell JM, de Faire U, de las Fuentes L, de Mutsert R, de Silva HJ, Ding J, Dominiczak AF, Duan Q, Eaton CB, Eppinga RN, Faul JD, Fisher V, Forrester T, Franco OH, Friedlander Y, Ghanbari M, Giulianini F, Grabe HJ, Grove ML, Gu CC, Harris TB, Heikkinen S, Heng CK, Hirata M, Hixson JE, Howard BV, Ikram MA, Jacobs DR, Johnson C, Jonas JB, Kammerer CM, Katsuya T, Khor CC, Kilpeläinen TO, Koh WP, Koistinen HA, Kolcic I, Kooperberg C, Krieger JE, Kritchevsky SB, Kubo M, Kuusisto J, Lakka TA, Langefeld CD, Langenberg C, Launer LJ, Lehne B, Lemaitre RN, Li Y, Liang J, Liu J, Liu K, Loh M, Louie T, Mägi R, Manichaikul AW, McKenzie CA, Meitinger T, Metspalu A, Milaneschi Y, Milani L, Mohlke KL, Mosley TH, Mukamal KJ, Nalls MA, Nauck M, Nelson CP, Sotoodehnia N, O'Connell JR, Palmer ND, Pazoki R, Pedersen NL, Peters A, Peyser PA, Polasek O, Poulter N, Raffel LJ, Raitakari OT, Reiner AP, Rice TK, Rich SS, Robino A, Robinson JG, Rose LM, Rudan I, Schmidt CO, Schreiner PJ, Scott WR, Sever P, Shi Y, Sidney S, Sims M, Smith BH, Smith JA, Snieder H, Starr JM, Strauch K, Tan N, Taylor KD, Teo YY, Tham YC, Uitterlinden AG, van Heemst D, Vuckovic D, Waldenberger M, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wei WB, Williams C, Wilson G, Wojczynski MK, Yao J, Yu B, Yu C, Yuan JM, Zhao W, Zonderman AB, Becker DM, Boehnke M, Bowden DW, Chambers JC, Deary IJ, Esko T, Farrall M, Franks PW, Freedman BI, Froguel P, Gasparini P, Gieger C, Horta BL, Kamatani Y, Kato N, Kooner JS, Laakso M, Leander K, Lehtimäki T, Magnusson PKE, Penninx B, Pereira AC, Rauramaa R, Samani NJ, Scott J, Shu XO, van der Harst P, Wagenknecht LE, Wang YX, Wareham NJ, Watkins H, Weir DR, Wickremasinghe AR, Zheng W, Elliott P, North KE, Bouchard C, Evans MK, Gudnason V, Liu CT, Liu Y, Psaty BM, Ridker PM, van Dam RM, Kardia SLR, Zhu X, Rotimi CN, Mook-Kanamori DO, Fornage M, Kelly TN, Fox ER, Hayward C, van Duijn CM, Tai ES, Wong TY, Liu J, Rotter JI, Gauderman WJ, Province MA, Munroe PB, Rice K, Chasman DI, Cupples LA, Rao DC, Morrison AC. Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Lipid Levels Incorporating Gene-Alcohol Interactions. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:1033-1054. [PMID: 30698716 PMCID: PMC6545280 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A person's lipid profile is influenced by genetic variants and alcohol consumption, but the contribution of interactions between these exposures has not been studied. We therefore incorporated gene-alcohol interactions into a multiancestry genome-wide association study of levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. We included 45 studies in stage 1 (genome-wide discovery) and 66 studies in stage 2 (focused follow-up), for a total of 394,584 individuals from 5 ancestry groups. Analyses covered the period July 2014-November 2017. Genetic main effects and interaction effects were jointly assessed by means of a 2-degrees-of-freedom (df) test, and a 1-df test was used to assess the interaction effects alone. Variants at 495 loci were at least suggestively associated (P < 1 × 10-6) with lipid levels in stage 1 and were evaluated in stage 2, followed by combined analyses of stage 1 and stage 2. In the combined analysis of stages 1 and 2, a total of 147 independent loci were associated with lipid levels at P < 5 × 10-8 using 2-df tests, of which 18 were novel. No genome-wide-significant associations were found testing the interaction effect alone. The novel loci included several genes (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB), and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1 (APOBEC1) complementation factor (A1CF)) that have a putative role in lipid metabolism on the basis of existing evidence from cellular and experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yun J Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Genomic Outcomes, Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gilling School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Academic Medicine Research Institute, Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dina Vojinovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Changwei Li
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia at Athens College of Public Health, Athens, Georgia
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Melissa A Richard
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hugues Aschard
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xuan Deng
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kurt K Lohman
- Public Health Sciences, Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Salman M Tajuddin
- Health Disparities Research Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gilling School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Maris Alver
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Biostatistical Sciences, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ilaria Gandin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chuan Gao
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Program, Molecular Genetics and Genomics Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anuj Goel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yanick Hagemeijer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando P Hartwig
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Biostatistical Sciences, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Pirjo Komulainen
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Federica Laguzzi
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph H Lee
- Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center – Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nana Matoba
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - M Abdullah Said
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bamidele O Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor V Varga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Erin B Ware
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Saima Afaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marzyeh Amini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program
| | - Christie Ballantyne
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Section of Genomic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sabanayagam Charumathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Academic Medicine Research Institute, Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Genomic Outcomes, Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - John M Connell
- Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa de las Fuentes
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Jingzhong Ding
- Center on Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anna F Dominiczak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ruben N Eppinga
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Virginia Fisher
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hans J Grabe
- Department Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - C Charles Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat – National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - James E Hixson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences and Department of Medicine, Georgetown-Howard Universities, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Craig Johnson
- Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jost Bruno Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Candace M Kammerer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jose E Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute
| | - Steve B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Health Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Biostatistical Sciences, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yize Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiang Liu
- Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Tin Louie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ani W Manichaikul
- Biostatistics Section, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, West Complex, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Colin A McKenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Geriatrics, Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- General Medicine & Primary Care, Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, Maryland
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeff R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Raha Pazoki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Psychiatric Hospital “Sveti Ivan”, Zagreb, Croatia
- Gen-info Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Treva K Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, West Complex, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jennifer G Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Lynda M Rose
- Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten O Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - William R Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Shi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Mario Sims
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Genomic Outcomes, Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dragana Vuckovic
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yujie Wang
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gilling School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Zhe Wang
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Bin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Christine Williams
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gregory Wilson
- Jackson Heart Study, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jie Yao
- Genomic Outcomes, Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Caizheng Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Zhao
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Behavioral Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Diane M Becker
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Farrall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Västerbotten, Sweden
- OCDEM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Karin Leander
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center – Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - James Scott
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute
| | - Kari E North
- Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gilling School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Carolina Center of Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michele K Evans
- Health Disparities Research Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Public Health Sciences, Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Leiden
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ervin R Fox
- Cardiology, Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program
| | - Jingmin Liu
- WHI CCC, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Genomic Outcomes, Pediatrics, Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - W James Gauderman
- Biostatistics, Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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21
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Justice M, Ferrugia A, Beidler J, Penprase JC, Cintora P, Erwin D, Medrano O, Brasser SM, Hong MY. Effects of Moderate Ethanol Consumption on Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation Through Regulation of Gene Expression in Rats. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:5-12. [PMID: 30423027 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Epidemiological studies and experimental data from rodent models have reported a non-linear relationship between consumption of alcohol and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk that suggests that light-to-moderate drinking as opposed to excessive consumption may provide some cardiovascular benefits. The present study examined potential mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption may provide a protective effect against CVD. Short summary Wistar rats exposed for 3 months to a 20% ethanol intermittent-access voluntary drinking paradigm displayed a reduction in epididymal fat, blood glucose and non-HDL and total cholesterol. These effects were accompanied by decreased expression of Hmgcr, Srebp-2, Cox-2 and RelA, indicating downregulation of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and inflammation. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats voluntarily consumed a 20% v/v ethanol solution on alternate days for 13 weeks (ethanol-treated) or were given access to water alone (non-ethanol-exposed control). Results There was no difference in body weight gain between the two groups, however, epididymal fat weight was lower in ethanol-fed rats (P = 0.030). Blood glucose, total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were lower in the ethanol group compared to controls (P < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the expression of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 in ethanol-treated rats (P < 0.05), suggesting that ethanol may have lowered cholesterol levels via downregulation of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Paraoxonase-1, which is associated with inhibition of LDL cholesterol oxidation, was upregulated in the ethanol group (P = 0.029). Ethanol-treated rats exhibited significantly lower levels of high-mobility box group protein 1 (P ≤ 0.05). Cyclooxygenase-2 and RelA gene expression were significantly lower in ethanol-treated rats (P < 0.05), indicating possible anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions These findings suggest that moderate ethanol consumption may potentially contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes by reducing body fat, improving blood cholesterol and blood glucose, and modulation of gene expression involved in inflammation and/or cholesterol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meegan Justice
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Autumn Ferrugia
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Beidler
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold C Penprase
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Cintora
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Erwin
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Octavio Medrano
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Brasser
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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22
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Chichetto NE, Plankey MW, Abraham AG, Sheps DS, Ennis N, Chen X, Weber KM, Shoptaw S, Kaplan RC, Post WS, Cook RL. The Impact of Past and Current Alcohol Consumption Patterns on Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Among Women and Men Living with HIV Infection. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:695-703. [PMID: 30735256 PMCID: PMC6443465 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis has not been sufficiently examined among people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS We analyzed data from PLWH in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS; n = 1,164) and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS; n = 387) with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Repeated measures of intima-media thickness of the right common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) were assessed using B-mode ultrasound from 2004 to 2013. Current alcohol consumption was collected at time of CCA-IMT measurement and was categorized according to gender-specific weekly limits. Group-based trajectory models categorized participants into past 10-year consumption patterns (1994 to 2004). Multivariate generalized estimating equations were conducted to assess the association of past and current alcohol use patterns on change in CCA-IMT by cohort, controlling for age, race, cigarette and illicit drug use, probable depression, HIV RNA viral load, antiretroviral therapy exposure, and hepatitis C coinfection. RESULTS Among the WIHS, past heavy alcohol consumption was associated with increased CCA-IMT level over time (β = 8.08, CI 0.35, 15.8, p = 0.04), compared to abstinence. Among the MACS, compared to abstinence, all past consumption patterns were associated with increased CCA-IMT over time (past low: β = 15.3, 95% CI 6.46, 24.2, p < 0.001; past moderate: β = 14.3, CI 1.36, 27.2, p = 0.03; past heavy: β = 21.8, CI 4.63, 38.9, p = 0.01). Current heavy consumption was associated with decreased CCA-IMT among the WIHS (β = -11.4, 95% CI -20.2, -2.63, p = 0.01) and MACS (β = -15.4, 95% CI -30.7, -0.13, p = 0.04). No statistically significant time by consumption pattern effects were found. CONCLUSIONS In both cohorts, 10-year heavy consumption was associated with statistically significant increases in carotid artery thickness, compared to abstinence. Long-term patterns of drinking at any level above abstinence were particularly significant for increases in IMT among men, with heavy consumption presenting with the greatest increase. Our results suggest a potentially different window of risk among past and current heavy drinkers. Further studies are needed to determine whether alcohol consumption level is associated with intermediate measures of atherosclerosis. Alcohol screening and interventions to reduce heavy consumption may benefit PLWH who are at risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Chichetto
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael W Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Alison G Abraham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David S Sheps
- Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Public Health and Health Professions and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nicole Ennis
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Xinguang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Public Health and Health Professions and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kathleen M Weber
- Cook County Health & Hospitals System/Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Wendy S Post
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Public Health and Health Professions and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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23
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Ihm SH, Shin J, Park CG, Kim CH. Efficacy of a fixed dose combination of irbesartan and atorvastatin (Rovelito ®) in Korean adults with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:633-645. [PMID: 30858694 PMCID: PMC6387596 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s191973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Coexistence of hypertension (HTN) and hypercholesterolemia is a major synergistic and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus, a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of anti-HTN drugs and statins may be useful for treating CVD. This study evaluated the efficacy of an FDC of irbesartan and atorvastatin (Rovelito®) in Korean patients. Patients and methods Patients with HTN and hypercholesterolemia were screened for this prospective, observational, descriptive, multi-center, phase IV study. Eligible patients were administered with Rovelito for 3 months. Dose adjustment was allowed based on the physician’s discretion. Blood pressure (BP) goal was <140/90 mmHg, and blood lipid goal was based on Adult Treatment Panel III. Compliance with therapeutic lifestyle modification and safety of the study drugs were evaluated. Results Of the 2,777 patients enrolled in this study, 931 were analyzed for clinical efficacy. BP and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals were achieved in 801 (86.04%) and 797 (85.61%) patients, respectively. For the BP goal, higher baseline BP and higher body mass index were risk factors for treatment failure. For LDL-C goal, baseline LDL-C level, number of concomitant drugs, smoking status, and alcohol consumption were risk factors for treatment failure. Of the 931 participants, 694 (74.54%) achieved the treatment goals for both BP and LDL-C. Smoking status, alcohol consumption, number of concomitant drugs, and higher baseline LDL-C and BP levels were risk factors for treatment failure in both BP and LDL-C goals. Adherence with Rovelito was 97.90%±5.79%, and incidence of adverse events was 4.19% (116). Conclusion FDC of irbesartan and atorvastatin (Rovelito) could be extremely helpful in treating patients with both HTN and hypercholesterolemia. Poor metabolic profiles were risk factors for poor treatment response and the reason for choosing Rovelito. Therapeutic lifestyle modification should still be underscored despite the 75% treatment success rate with Rovelito for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Ihm
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gyu Park
- Cardiology Division, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea,
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24
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Alcohol Pattern Consumption Differently Affects the Efficiency of Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Vivo. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121885. [PMID: 30513887 PMCID: PMC6316025 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that moderate alcohol consumption inversely correlates with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, whereas binge alcohol drinking increases cardiovascular disease risk. The aim of this study was to assess in vivo the impact of different drinking patterns on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT); the atheroprotective process leading to the removal of excess cholesterol from the body. RCT was measured with a standardized, radioisotope-based technique in three groups of atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E knock out mice: Placebo group, receiving water, which would mimic the abstainers; moderate group, receiving 0.8 g/kg alcohol/day for 28 days, which would mimic a moderate intake; binge group, receiving 0.8 g/kg alcohol/day for 5 days/week, followed by the administration of 2.8 g/kg alcohol/day for 2 days/week, which would mimic a heavy intake in a short period. Mice in the binge drinking group displayed an increase in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and non-HDL-c (all p < 0.0001 vs. placebo), and a significantly reduced elimination of fecal cholesterol. The moderate consumption did not lead to any changes in circulating lipids, but slightly improved cholesterol mobilization along the RCT pathway. Overall, our data confirm the importance of considering not only the total amount, but also the different consumption patterns to define the impact of alcohol on cardiovascular risk.
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25
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van den Driessche JJ, Plat J, Mensink RP. Effects of superfoods on risk factors of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of human intervention trials. Food Funct 2018; 9:1944-1966. [PMID: 29557436 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01792h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods can be effective in the prevention of metabolic syndrome and subsequently the onset of cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes mellitus. More recently, however, another term was introduced to describe foods with additional health benefits: "superfoods", for which, to date, no generally accepted definition exists. Nonetheless, their consumption might contribute to the prevention of metabolic syndrome, for example due to the presence of potentially bioactive compounds. This review provides an overview of controlled human intervention studies with foods described as "superfoods" and their effects on metabolic syndrome parameters. First, an Internet search was performed to identify foods described as superfoods. For these superfoods, controlled human intervention trials were identified until April 2017 investigating the effects of superfood consumption on metabolic syndrome parameters: waist circumference or BMI, blood pressure, or concentrations of HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol or glucose. Seventeen superfoods were identified, including a total of 113 intervention trials: blueberries (8 studies), cranberries (8), goji berries (3), strawberries (7), chili peppers (3), garlic (21), ginger (10), chia seed (5), flaxseed (22), quinoa (1), cocoa (16), maca (1), spirulina (7), wheatgrass (1), acai berries (0), hemp seed (0) and bee pollen (0). Overall, only limited evidence was found for the effects of the foods described as superfoods on metabolic syndrome parameters, since results were not consistent or the number of controlled intervention trials was limited. The inconsistencies might have been related to intervention-related factors, such as duration or dose. Furthermore, conclusions may be different if other health benefits are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J van den Driessche
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Szkudelski T, Szkudelska K. Potential of resveratrol in mitigating metabolic disturbances induced by ethanol. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [PMID: 29514131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is associated with numerous health problems, including metabolic disturbances and liver damage. Therefore, different compounds are continuously being tested to evaluate their potential effectiveness in reducing these harmful changes. Animal studies clearly show that resveratrol is capable of ameliorating some consequences of ethanol ingestion. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring diphenolic compound having pleiotropic, health-promoting properties. Its beneficial action have been also demonstrated in animal models with ethanol-induced metabolic disturbances and liver injury. In ethanol treated animals, resveratrol effectively reduced liver lipid accumulation. Moreover, this compound diminished necrosis of hepatocytes, and also reduced liver fibrosis. The hepatoprotective action of resveratrol is largely associated with its ant-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and also covers changes in activities of some enzymes. It is known that this compound upregulates the adiponectin-SIRT1-AMPK signaling pathway in the liver. Resveratrol was also found to positively affect blood lipids in animals exposed to ethanol. Moreover, administration of resveratrol to animals with ethanol-induced hypoinsulinemia and insulin resistance was shown to alleviate these disturbances. These outcomes clearly indicate that resveratrol holds great potential to reduce some consequences of ethanol ingestion. However, human studies are required to fully assess its therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szkudelski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szkudelska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
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27
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Kelso-Chichetto NE, Plankey M, Sheps DS, Abraham AG, Chen X, Shoptaw S, Kaplan RC, Post WS, Cook RL. The impact of long-term moderate and heavy alcohol consumption on incident atherosclerosis among persons living with HIV. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 181:235-241. [PMID: 29121596 PMCID: PMC5789452 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Level of alcohol consumption is associated with differential risk of atherosclerosis, but little research has investigated this association among HIV+ persons. We evaluated the association between long-term alcohol use and incident atherosclerosis among HIV+ persons. METHODS We utilized data from HIV+ participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (n=483) and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (n=305) without history of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis was assessed two times by B-mode carotid artery ultrasound imaging from 2004 to 2013. Presence of plaque was defined as focal carotid intima-media thickness over 1.5mm. Those with no plaque at baseline and plaque at follow-up were considered incident cases of atherosclerosis. Group-based trajectory models were used to categorize participants into 10-year drinking patterns representing heavy, moderate, or abstinent-low. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to assess the association of long-term moderate and heavy use on atherosclerosis, compared to abstinent-low. RESULTS Heavy alcohol consumption was not statistically significantly associated with risk for incident atherosclerosis in women (AOR 1.10, CI 0.40-3.02) or men (AOR 1.31, CI 0.43-4.00), compared to abstinence-low. Moderate consumption was associated with 54% lower odds for incident disease in men (AOR 0.46, CI 0.21-1.00), but not in women (AOR 1.08, CI 0.58-2.00). In cohort-combined analyses, alcohol consumption was not statistically significantly association with incident atherosclerosis (moderate AOR 0.78, CI 0.48-1.27; heavy AOR 1.33, CI 0.66-2.69). CONCLUSION Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a significant protective effect on incident atherosclerosis in men only. No other levels of alcohol consumption significantly predicted atherosclerosis in men and women compared to abstinent-low.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Kelso-Chichetto
- Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Public Health and Health Professions and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of General Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - M Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| | - D S Sheps
- Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Public Health and Health Professions and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - A G Abraham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - X Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Public Health and Health Professions and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - S Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - R C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - W S Post
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - R L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Public Health and Health Professions and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Sasakabe T, Wakai K, Kawai S, Hishida A, Naito M, Suzuki S, Nindita Y, Arisawa K, Kita Y, Hara M, Kuriyama N, Hirata A, Mikami H, Oze I, Kubo M, Tanaka H, Hamajima N. Modification of the Associations of Alcohol Intake With Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triglycerides by ALDH2 and ADH1B Polymorphisms in Japanese Men. J Epidemiol 2017; 28:185-193. [PMID: 29176272 PMCID: PMC5865009 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20160189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although beneficial associations have been reported between moderate alcohol intake and the serum lipid profile, it is unclear whether polymorphisms in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes can modify these associations. Here, we assessed the effects of ADH1B His48Arg (rs1229984), ALDH2 Glu504Lys (rs671), and their combination on these associations. Furthermore, we examined if the findings for ALDH2 could be replicated. Methods We categorized 889 male participants in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study into two groups based on presence or absence of minor allele(s) or four groups based on genotype combinations. We performed regression analyses of serum lipid concentrations on alcohol intake, with multivariable adjustment. The replication study was conducted among 2,562 men in the Shizuoka part of the J-MICC Study. Results The ALDH2 Glu/Lys or Lys/Lys groups showed significant decreases in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with increasing alcohol consumption; the coefficient per intake increase of 10 g/day was −2.49 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], −3.85 to −1.13), and a significant interaction with the polymorphism was confirmed (P for interaction = 0.006). This inverse correlation was more evident among the ADH1B His/His + ALDH2 Glu/Lys or Lys/Lys groups (−3.24 mg/dL, 95% CI, −5.03 to −1.45). Serum triglycerides were positively associated with alcohol consumption in the ADH1B His/His group (P for interaction = 0.020). The stronger association between serum LDL cholesterol and alcohol consumption in the ALDH2 Glu/Lys or Lys/Lys groups was replicated. Conclusions The ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism can modify the association between alcohol intake and serum LDL cholesterol in Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sasakabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Sayo Kawai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Yora Nindita
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | | | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University
| | - Nagato Kuriyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science
| | - Akie Hirata
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Haruo Mikami
- Division of Cancer Registry, Prevention and Epidemiology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
| | | | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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29
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De Bruyne S, Monteyne T, Speeckaert MM, Delanghe JR. Infrared analysis of lipoproteins in the detection of alcohol biomarkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 55:876-881. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Alcoholism is a major public health problem. Alcohol causes modifications in the composition and concentration of lipoproteins and influences the enzymes and transfer proteins that transform lipoproteins in plasma. Alcohol is associated with the presence of alcohol biomarkers (fatty acid ethyl esters [FAEEs] and phosphatidylethanol [PEth]) in lipoproteins. We explore the possibilities of detecting alcohol biomarkers in non-high-density-lipoproteins (non-HDLs) precipitated from serum using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR).
Methods:
Analyzes were carried out on stored serum samples, with known % carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) values, included in a driver’s license regranting program under the control of the Belgian Institute of Road Safety. The study consisted of 127 control samples (CDT≤1.3%) and 114 alcoholic samples (CDT>1.3%). Liver enzymes, CRP, triglycerides, total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol values were determined. Non-HDLs were precipitated with sodium phosphotungstate and MgCl2 and analyzed using ATR-FTIR in the range from 4500 cm−1 to 450 cm−1 using a Perkin Elmer ATR-FTIR Spectrometer Two.
Results:
The area under the curve of the 1130–990 cm−1 region (AUC1130−990 cm−1) was able to discriminate controls from alcoholics (p<0.0001) due to the presence of FAEEs in lipoproteins. Multiple regression analysis significantly predicted the AUC1130−990 cm−1 (adj. r2=0.13, p<0.0001). Significant correlations were found between AUC1130−990 cm−1 and CDT values (r=0.32, p<0.0001), AST/ALT ratio (r=0.21, p=0.001). GGT showed no significant correlation.
Conclusions:
Infrared analysis of lipoproteins is a potential tool in the detection of alcohol biomarkers.
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30
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Huang S, Li J, Shearer GC, Lichtenstein AH, Zheng X, Wu Y, Jin C, Wu S, Gao X. Longitudinal study of alcohol consumption and HDL concentrations: a community-based study. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:905-912. [PMID: 28251934 PMCID: PMC5366050 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.144832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In cross-sectional studies and short-term clinical trials, it has been suggested that there is a positive dose-response relation between alcohol consumption and HDL concentrations. However, prospective data have been limited.Objective: We sought to determine the association between total alcohol intake, the type of alcohol-containing beverage, and the 6-y (2006-2012) longitudinal change in HDL-cholesterol concentrations in a community-based cohort.Design: A total of 71,379 Chinese adults (mean age: 50 y) who were free of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and did not use cholesterol-lowering agents during follow-up were included in the study. Alcohol intake was assessed via a questionnaire in 2006 (baseline), and participants were classified into the following categories of alcohol consumption: never, past, light (women: 0-0.4 servings/d; men: 0-0.9 servings/d), moderate (women: 0.5-1.0 servings/d; men: 1-2 servings/d), and heavy (women: >1.0 servings/d; men: >2 servings/d). HDL-cholesterol concentrations were measured in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012. We used generalized estimating equation models to examine the associations between baseline alcohol intake and the change in HDL-cholesterol concentrations with adjustment for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, liver function, and C-reactive protein concentrations.Results: An umbrella-shaped association was observed between total alcohol consumption and changes in HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Compared with never drinkers, past, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers experienced slower decreases in HDL cholesterol of 0.012 mmol · L-1 · y-1 (95% CI: 0.008, 0.016 mmol · L-1 · y-1), 0.013 mmol · L-1 · y-1 (95% CI: 0.010, 0.016 mmol · L-1 · y-1), 0.017 mmol · L-1 · y-1 (95% CI: 0.009, 0.025 mmol · L-1 · y-1), and 0.008 mmol · L-1 · y-1 (95% CI: 0.005, 0.011 mmol · L-1 · y-1), respectively (P < 0.0001 for all), after adjustment for potential confounders. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with the slowest increase in total-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride:HDL-cholesterol ratios. We observed a similar association between hard-liquor consumption and the HDL-cholesterol change. In contrast, greater beer consumption was associated with slower HDL-cholesterol decreases in a dose-response manner.Conclusion: Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with slower HDL-cholesterol decreases; however, the type of alcoholic beverage had differential effects on the change in the HDL-cholesterol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | | | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China; and
| | - Yuntao Wu
- Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China; and
| | - Cheng Jin
- Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China; and
| | - Shouling Wu
- Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA;
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31
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The association between macronutrient intake and the metabolic syndrome and its components in type 1 diabetes. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:450-456. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDiet is a major modifiable lifestyle factor that may affect the components of the metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the association between relative proportions of macronutrients and the components of the metabolic syndrome in a population of individuals with type 1 diabetes. In all, 791 individuals without nephropathy, with plausible energy intake and known metabolic syndrome status, taking part in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study were included in the analyses. Dietary data were collected with a diet record. The association between the relative macronutrient intake and the outcome variables were analysed using multivariable nutrient density substitution models. The relative proportions of dietary macronutrients or fatty acids were not associated with the presence of the metabolic syndrome. In men, however, favouring carbohydrates over fats was associated with lower odds of the waist component, whereas favouring either carbohydrates or fats over proteins was associated with lower odds of the blood pressure component of the metabolic syndrome. In women, substituting carbohydrates for fats was associated with lower HDL-cholesterol concentration. Substituting carbohydrates or fats for alcohol or protein was, in men, associated with lower systolic blood pressure. To conclude, the relative distribution of macronutrients may have some relevance for the metabolic syndrome.
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Abstract
Nutrition therapy is effective at controlling cardiovascular disease risk factors and therefore reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Physicians should play an active role in providing nutrition interventions for patients who would benefit from cardiovascular disease risk reduction or refer them to other professionals as needed. The evidence on nutrition interventions for blood pressure and lipid control, including overall dietary patterns, dietary fat and macronutrients, dietary cholesterol, sodium, and alcohol intake, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M de Jesus
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science (CTRIS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockledge 1 Building, Room 6189, MSC 7960, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
| | - Scott Kahan
- George Washington University, The School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Health Policy, 1020 19th Street NW, Suite 450, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Research Complex 1 South, 12801 East 17th Avenue room 7107 8106, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Rondanelli M, Giacosa A, Morazzoni P, Guido D, Grassi M, Morandi G, Bologna C, Riva A, Allegrini P, Perna S. MediterrAsian Diet Products That Could Raise HDL-Cholesterol: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2025687. [PMID: 27882320 PMCID: PMC5108844 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2025687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background. High HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) values are negatively correlated with cardiovascular diseases. This review analyses the effect of the supplementation with various Mediterranean diet products (artichoke, bergamot, and olive oil) and Asian diet products (red yeast rice) on the HDL-C value in dyslipidemic subjects. Methods. A systematic review has been done involving all the English written studies published from the 1st of January 1958 to the 31st of March 2016. Results. The results of this systematic review indicate that the dietary supplementation with red yeast rice, bergamot, artichoke, and virgin olive oil has promising effects on the increase of HDL-C serum levels. The artichoke leaf extract and virgin olive oil appear to be particularly interesting, while bergamot extract needs further research and the effect of red yeast rice seems to be limited to patients with previous myocardial infarction. Conclusions. Various MediterrAsian diet products or natural extracts may represent a potential intervention treatment to raise HDL-C in dyslipidemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Attilio Giacosa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Policlinico di Monza, 20900 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Morazzoni
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Guido
- Department of Public Health Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Morandi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Bologna
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Allegrini
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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34
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Timing and Type of Alcohol Consumption and the Metabolic Syndrome - ELSA-Brasil. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163044. [PMID: 27643787 PMCID: PMC5028065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is rising worldwide. Its association with alcohol intake, a major lifestyle factor, is unclear, particularly with respect to the influence of drinking with as opposed to outside of meals. We investigated the associations of different aspects of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome and its components. In cross-sectional analyses of 14,375 active or retired civil servants (aged 35-74 years) participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), we fitted logistic regression models to investigate interactions between the quantity of alcohol, the timing of its consumption with respect to meals, and the predominant beverage type in the association of alcohol consumption with the metabolic syndrome. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, educational level, income, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity, light consumption of alcoholic beverages with meals was inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome (≤4 drinks/week: OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.74-0.97; 4 to 7 drinks/week: OR = 0.75, 95%CI 0.61-0.92), compared to abstention/occasional drinking. On the other hand, greater consumption of alcohol consumed outside of meals was significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome (7 to 14 drinks/week: OR = 1.32, 95%CI 1.11-1.57; ≥14 drinks/week: OR = 1.60, 95%CI 1.29-1.98). Drinking predominantly wine, which occurred mostly with meals, was significantly related to a lower syndrome prevalence; drinking predominantly beer, most notably when outside of meals and in larger quantity, was frequently associated with a greater prevalence. In conclusion, the alcohol-metabolic syndrome association differs markedly depending on the relationship of intake to meals. Beverage preference-wine or beer-appears to underlie at least part of this difference. Notably, most alcohol was consumed in metabolically unfavorable type and timing. If further investigations extend these findings to clinically relevant endpoints, public policies should recommend that alcohol, when taken, should be preferably consumed with meals.
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35
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Würtz P, Cook S, Wang Q, Tiainen M, Tynkkynen T, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Laitinen J, Viikari J, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Perola M, Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Männistö S, Salomaa V, Järvelin MR, Raitakari OT, Ala-Korpela M, Leon DA. Metabolic profiling of alcohol consumption in 9778 young adults. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1493-1506. [PMID: 27494945 PMCID: PMC5100616 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High alcohol consumption is a major cause of morbidity, yet alcohol is associated with both favourable and adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk markers. We aimed to characterize the associations of usual alcohol consumption with a comprehensive systemic metabolite profile in young adults. Methods: Cross-sectional associations of alcohol intake with 86 metabolic measures were assessed for 9778 individuals from three population-based cohorts from Finland (age 24–45 years, 52% women). Metabolic changes associated with change in alcohol intake during 6-year follow-up were further examined for 1466 individuals. Alcohol intake was assessed by questionnaires. Circulating lipids, fatty acids and metabolites were quantified by high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics and biochemical assays. Results: Increased alcohol intake was associated with cardiometabolic risk markers across multiple metabolic pathways, including higher lipid concentrations in HDL subclasses and smaller LDL particle size, increased proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids and decreased proportion of omega-6 fatty acids, lower concentrations of glutamine and citrate (P < 0.001 for 56 metabolic measures). Many metabolic biomarkers displayed U-shaped associations with alcohol consumption. Results were coherent for men and women, consistent across the three cohorts and similar if adjusting for body mass index, smoking and physical activity. The metabolic changes accompanying change in alcohol intake during follow-up resembled the cross-sectional association pattern (R2 = 0.83, slope = 0.72 ± 0.04). Conclusions: Alcohol consumption is associated with a complex metabolic signature, including aberrations in multiple biomarkers for elevated cardiometabolic risk. The metabolic signature tracks with long-term changes in alcohol consumption. These results elucidate the double-edged effects of alcohol on cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Würtz
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sarah Cook
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Tiainen
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuulia Tynkkynen
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti J Kangas
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Division of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Center, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Center for Life Course Health Research and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Computational Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David A Leon
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Community Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Rehm J, Shield KD, Roerecke M, Gmel G. Modelling the impact of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular disease mortality for comparative risk assessments: an overview. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:363. [PMID: 27121289 PMCID: PMC4848866 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alcohol consumption has long been considered as a risk factor for chronic disease, the relationship to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is complex and involves at least two dimensions: average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking. The objective of this contribution was to estimate the burden of CVD mortality caused by alcohol consumption. METHODS Risk assessment modelling with alcohol-attributable CVD mortality as primary outcome. The mortality burden of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and ischaemic stroke (IS) attributable to alcohol consumption was estimated using attributable-fraction methodology. Relative Risk (RR) data for IHD and IS were obtained from the most comprehensive meta-analyses (except for Russia and surrounding countries where alcohol RR data were obtained from a large cohort study). Age-group specific RRs were calculated, based on large studies. Data on mortality were obtained from the World Health Organization's Global Health Estimates and alcohol consumption data were obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health. Risk of former drinkers was modelled taking into account global differences in the prevalence of sick quitters among former drinkers. Alcohol-attributable mortality estimates for all other CVD causes except IHD and IS were obtained from the 2014 Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health. RESULTS An estimated 780,381 CVD deaths (441,893 and 338,490 CVD deaths among men and women respectively) were attributable to alcohol consumption globally in 2012, accounting for 1.4 % of all deaths and 26.6 % of all alcohol-attributable deaths. This is in contrast to the previously estimated 1,128,273 CVD deaths attributable to alcohol consumption globally, and represents a decrease of 30.8 % in alcohol-attributable CVD mortality and of 10.6 % in the global burden of all alcohol-attributable deaths. CONCLUSIONS When the most comprehensive and recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses are taken as bases, the net impact of alcohol consumption on CVD is lower than previously estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, ON, Canada. .,Addiction Policy, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto (UofT), 155 College Street, 6th FL, Toronto, M5T 3 M7, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, UofT, 250 College Street, 8th FL, Toronto, M5T 1R8, ON, Canada. .,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, UofT, Medical Sciences Bldg, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, 01187, Germany.
| | - Kevin D Shield
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, UofT, Medical Sciences Bldg, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Roerecke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, ON, Canada
| | - Gerrit Gmel
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, ON, Canada.,School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.,Implant Systems Group, National Information and Communications Technology Australia, Sydney, Australia 13 Garden Street, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia
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Vu KN, Ballantyne CM, Hoogeveen RC, Nambi V, Volcik KA, Boerwinkle E, Morrison AC. Causal Role of Alcohol Consumption in an Improved Lipid Profile: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148765. [PMID: 26849558 PMCID: PMC4744040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health benefits of low-to-moderate alcohol consumption may operate through an improved lipid profile. A Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used to examine whether alcohol consumption causally affects lipid levels. METHODS This analysis involved 10,893 European Americans (EA) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Common and rare variants in alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase genes were evaluated for MR assumptions. Five variants, residing in the ADH1B, ADH1C, and ADH4 genes, were selected as genetic instruments and were combined into an unweighted genetic score. Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and its subfractions (HDL2-c and HDL3-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), small dense LDL-c (sdLDL-c), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) levels were analyzed. RESULTS Alcohol consumption significantly increased HDL2-c and reduced TG, total cholesterol, LDL-c, sdLDL-c, and apoB levels. For each of these lipids a non-linear trend was observed. Compared to the first quartile of alcohol consumption, the third quartile had a 12.3% lower level of TG (p < 0.001), a 7.71 mg/dL lower level of total cholesterol (p = 0.007), a 10.3% higher level of HDL2-c (p = 0.007), a 6.87 mg/dL lower level of LDL-c (p = 0.012), a 7.4% lower level of sdLDL-c (p = 0.037), and a 3.5% lower level of apoB (p = 0.058, poverall = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the causal role of regular low-to-moderate alcohol consumption in increasing HDL2-c, reducing TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-c, and provides evidence for the novel finding that low-to-moderate consumption of alcohol reduces apoB and sdLDL-c levels among EA. However, given the nonlinearity of the effect of alcohol consumption, even within the range of low-to-moderate drinking, increased consumption does not always result in a larger benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh N. Vu
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christie M. Ballantyne
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ron C. Hoogeveen
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Volcik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Harada S, Takebayashi T, Kurihara A, Akiyama M, Suzuki A, Hatakeyama Y, Sugiyama D, Kuwabara K, Takeuchi A, Okamura T, Nishiwaki Y, Tanaka T, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Tomita M. Metabolomic profiling reveals novel biomarkers of alcohol intake and alcohol-induced liver injury in community-dwelling men. Environ Health Prev Med 2015; 21:18-26. [PMID: 26459263 PMCID: PMC4693765 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-015-0494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Metabolomics is a promising approach to the identification of biomarkers in plasma. Here, we performed a population-based, cross-sectional study to identify potential biomarkers of alcohol intake and alcohol-induced liver injury by metabolomic profiling using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS). Methods Fasting plasma samples were collected from 896 Japanese men who participated in the baseline survey of the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study, and 115 polar metabolites were identified and absolutely quantified by CE-MS. Information on daily ethanol intake was collected through a standardized, self-administered questionnaire. The associations between ethanol intake and plasma concentration of metabolites were examined. Relationships between metabolite concentrations or their ratios and serum liver enzyme levels in the highest ethanol intake group (>46.0 g/day) were then examined by linear regression analysis. Replication analysis was conducted in 193 samples collected from independent population of this cohort. Results Nineteen metabolites were identified to have an association with daily alcohol consumption both in the original and replication population. Three of these metabolites (threonine, glutamine, and guanidinosuccinate) were found to associate well with elevated levels of serum liver enzymes in the highest ethanol intake group, but not in the non-drinker group. We also found that the glutamate/glutamine ratio had a much stronger relation to serum γ-glutamyltransferase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase than glutamate or glutamine alone (standardized beta = 0.678, 0.558, 0.498, respectively). Conclusions We found 19 metabolites associated with alcohol intake, and three biomarker candidates (threonine, guanidinosuccinate and glutamine) of alcohol-induced liver injury. Glutamate/glutamine ratio might also be good biomarker. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12199-015-0494-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Harada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Ayako Kurihara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Miki Akiyama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan.,Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Asako Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Yoko Hatakeyama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Kuwabara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ayano Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiwaki
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-0015, Japan
| | - Taichiro Tanaka
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-0015, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan.,Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan.,Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, 252-0882, Japan
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Roerecke M, Rehm J. Alcohol consumption, drinking patterns, and ischemic heart disease: a narrative review of meta-analyses and a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of heavy drinking occasions on risk for moderate drinkers. BMC Med 2014; 12:182. [PMID: 25567363 PMCID: PMC4203905 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a major global risk factor for mortality and morbidity. Much discussion has revolved around the diverse findings on the complex relationship between alcohol consumption and the leading cause of death and disability, ischemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the literature up to August 2014 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify meta-analyses and observational studies examining the relationship between alcohol drinking, drinking patterns, and IHD risk, in comparison to lifetime abstainers. In a narrative review we have summarized the many meta-analyses published in the last 10 years, discussing the role of confounding and experimental evidence. We also conducted meta-analyses examining episodic heavy drinking among on average moderate drinkers. RESULTS The narrative review showed that the use of current abstainers as the reference group leads to systematic bias. With regard to average alcohol consumption in relation to lifetime abstainers, the relationship is clearly J-shaped, supported by short-term experimental evidence and similar associations within strata of potential confounders, except among smokers. Women experience slightly stronger beneficial associations and also a quicker upturn to a detrimental effect at lower levels of average alcohol consumption compared to men. There was no evidence that chronic or episodic heavy drinking confers a beneficial effect on IHD risk. People with alcohol use disorder have an elevated risk of IHD (1.5- to 2-fold). Results from our quantitative meta-analysis showed that drinkers with average intake of <30 g/day and no episodic heavy drinking had the lowest IHD risk (relative risk = 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.53 to 0.71). Drinkers with episodic heavy drinking occasions had a risk similar to lifetime abstainers (relative risk = 1.12, 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.37). CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological evidence for a beneficial effect of low alcohol consumption without heavy drinking episodes is strong, corroborated by experimental evidence. However, episodic and chronic heavy drinking do not provide any beneficial effect on IHD. Thus, average alcohol consumption is not sufficient to describe the risk relation between alcohol consumption and IHD. Alcohol policy should try to reduce heavy drinking patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roerecke
- Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health (DLSPH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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40
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Associations of the Baltic Sea diet with cardiometabolic risk factors – a meta-analysis of three Finnish studies. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:616-26. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia, hypertension and low-grade inflammation increase the risk of CVD. In the present meta-analysis, we examined whether adherence to a healthy Nordic diet, also called the Baltic Sea diet, may associate with a lower risk of these cardiometabolic risk factors. In 2001–2007, three cross-sectional Finnish studies were conducted: the Dietary, Lifestyle and Genetic Determinants of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome study (n4776); Health 2000 Survey (n5180); Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (n1972). The following parameters were assessed in these three studies: blood pressure, total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, TAG and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP); a validated FFQ was used to assess the participants' dietary intakes. The Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) was developed based on the healthy Nordic diet. All studies assessed confounding variables, such as physical activity and BMI, based on standardised questionnaires and measurements. The random-effects meta-analysis provided summary estimates for OR and 95 % CI by the BSDS quintiles. In the meta-analysis, the risk of elevated hs-CRP concentration was lower among men (OR 0·58, 95 % CI 0·43, 0·78) and women (OR 0·73, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·91) in the highest BSDS quintile than among those in the lowest BSDS quintile. In contrast, the risk of lowered HDL-cholesterol concentration was higher among women (OR 1·67, 95 % CI 1·12, 2·48) in the highest BSDS quintile than among those in the lowest BSDS quintile. However, no other associations were found. In conclusion, the associations between the adherence to the healthy Nordic diet and cardiometabolic risk factors are equivocal. Longitudinal studies are needed to further examine this hypothesis.
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41
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Wang H, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO, Choi SW, Corcoran MP, Harris SS, Jacques PF, Kristo AS, Lai CQ, Lamon-Fava S, Matthan NR, McKay DL, Meydani M, Parnell LD, Prokopy MP, Scott TM, Lichtenstein AH. Dietary modulators of statin efficacy in cardiovascular disease and cognition. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 38:1-53. [PMID: 24813475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and other developed countries, and is fast growing in developing countries, particularly as life expectancy in all parts of the world increases. Current recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease issued jointly from the American Academy of Cardiology and American Heart Association emphasize that lifestyle modification should be incorporated into any treatment plan, including those on statin drugs. However, there is a dearth of data on the interaction between diet and statins with respect to additive, complementary or antagonistic effects. This review collates the available data on the interaction of statins and dietary patterns, cognition, genetics and individual nutrients, including vitamin D, niacin, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, phytochemicals (polyphenols and stanols) and alcohol. Of note, although the available data is summarized, the scope is limited, conflicting and disparate. In some cases it is likely there is unrecognized synergism. Virtually no data are available describing the interactions of statins with dietary components or dietary pattern in subgroups of the population, particularly those who may benefit most were positive effects identified. Hence, it is virtually impossible to draw any firm conclusions at this time. Nevertheless, this area is important because were the effects of statins and diet additive or synergistic harnessing the effect could potentially lead to the use of a lower intensity statin or dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Wang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael P Corcoran
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan S Harris
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aleksandra S Kristo
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane L McKay
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Max P Prokopy
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tammy M Scott
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Schiller K, Jacobs S, Jansen E, Weikert C, di Giuseppe R, Boeing H, Schulze MB, Kröger J. Associated factors of estimated desaturase activity in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:503-510. [PMID: 24370446 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Altered activity of desaturase enzymes may be involved in the development of metabolic diseases like type 2-diabetes. Desaturase activities might be modifiable by diet and lifestyle-related factors, but no study has systematically investigated such factors so far. We aimed to evaluate the association of demographic, anthropometric, dietary and lifestyle characteristics with estimated Δ5-, Δ6- and Δ9-desaturase activity. METHODS AND RESULTS A subsample (n = 1782) of the EPIC-Potsdam study was used for a cross-sectional analysis, involving men and women, mainly aged 35-65 years. Fatty acid (FA) product-to-precursor ratios, derived from the FA composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids, were used to estimate desaturase activities. Multiple linear regression models were used with estimated Δ5-, Δ6- and Δ9-desaturase activity as outcome and demographic (age, sex), anthropometric (BMI, WHR), dietary intake (FAs, carbohydrates) and lifestyle (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption) factors as exposure variables. Alcohol intake was positively associated with estimated Δ6- (explained variance in desaturase activity: 1.52%) and estimated Δ9-desaturase activity (explained variance: 5.53%). BMI and WHR showed a weak inverse association with estimated Δ5-desaturase activity (explained variance: BMI: 1.07%; WHR: 1.02%) and weak positive associations with estimated Δ6-(explained variance: BMI: 1.17%; WHR: 1.19%) and estimated Δ9-desaturase activities (explained variance: BMI: 0.70%; WHR: 0.96%). Age, sex, physical activity, smoking and dietary factors were only weakly associated with the estimated desaturase activities. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that alcohol intake as well as obesity measures are associated with the FA ratios reflecting desaturase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schiller
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
| | - S Jacobs
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
| | - E Jansen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C Weikert
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - R di Giuseppe
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - M B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
| | - J Kröger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal 14558, Germany.
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43
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An Expanding Knowledge of the Mechanisms and Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2014; 34:159-71. [DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Pang J, Chan DC, Watts GF. Origin and therapy for hypertriglyceridaemia in type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:165-75. [PMID: 24748930 PMCID: PMC3990315 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes and is caused by the interaction of genes and non-genetic factors, specifically poor glycaemic control and obesity. In spite of statin treatment, residual risk of CVD remains high in type 2 diabetes, and this may relate to HTG and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Treatment of HTG emphasises correcting secondary factors and adverse lifestyles, in particular, diet and exercise. Pharmacotherapy is also required in most type 2 diabetic patients. Statins are the first-line therapy to achieve recommended therapeutic targets of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Fibrates, ezetimibe and n-3 fatty acids are adjunctive treatment options for residual and persistent HTG. Evidence for the use of niacin has been challenged by non-significant CVD outcomes in two recent large clinical trials. Further investigation is required to clarify the use of incretin-based therapies for HTG in type 2 diabetes. Extreme HTG, with risk of pancreatitis, may require insulin infusion therapy or apheresis. New therapies targeting HTG in diabetes need to be tested in clinical endpoint trials. The purpose of this review is to examine the current evidence and provide practical guidance on the management of HTG in type 2 diabetes.
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Parlesak A, Eckoldt J, Winkler K, Bode CJ, Schäfer C. Intercorrelations of lipoprotein subfractions and their covariation with lifestyle factors in healthy men. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 54:174-80. [PMID: 24895480 PMCID: PMC4042151 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, little is known about the effect of nutrition and lifestyle on the composition of circulating lipoprotein subfractions. In the current study, we measured the correlations among physical activity, nutrient intake, smoking, body-mass index (BMI), and age with the concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and apolipoproteins (ApoA1, ApoA2 and ApoB) in subfractions of LDL and HDL in 265 healthy working men. Concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipids, and ApoB in small, dense atherogenic LDL particles (sdLDL) correlated negatively (p<0.001) with those of cholesterol, phospholipids, and ApoA1 in HDL2, respectively. Age correlated positively with sdLDL while increasing BMI correlated with an atherogenic shift of cholesterol, phospholipids, and ApoB from large, buoyant LDL (lbLDL) to sdLDL and decreasing concentrations of HDL2 constituents. Physical activity and alcohol intake correlated negatively with sdLDL constituents and positively with HDL2 components. Consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) correlated with a lower ratio of sdLDL to HDL2 cholesterol. A favorable lipoprotein subfraction profile linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in men was associated with physical activity, moderate alcohol consumption, and dietary intake of MUFA, which might be exploited in future interventions for prevention of age- and BMI-associated atherogenic shifts of lipoprotein subfractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Parlesak
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kamitorvet, Building 208, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joachim Eckoldt
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Hohenheim University; Fruwirthstraße, 14-16, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl Winkler
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian J Bode
- Division of Gastroenterology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Auerbachstraße 110, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Schäfer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Auerbachstraße 110, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
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Taveira TH, Wu WC, Tschibelu E, Borsook D, Simonson DC, Yamamoto R, Langleben DD, Swift R, Elman I. The effect of naltrexone on body fat mass in olanzapine-treated schizophrenic or schizoaffective patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:395-400. [PMID: 24218048 DOI: 10.1177/0269881113509904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine (OLZ), a commonly prescribed second generation antipsychotic drug, is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome and may contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Opioidergic neurotransmission may be implicated in the development of these metabolic disturbances. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of opioid blockade on OLZ-treated patients' metabolic status. Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n=30) on a stable dose of OLZ were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive an opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone (NTX), (n=14) or placebo (n=16). The primary outcome measure was the change in body mass index (BMI) at 12 weeks. Secondary measures included body fat and fat-free mass, along with homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), plasma lipids and liver function tests (LFTs). There was no significant change in BMI between the treatment arms. However, in comparison to the OLZ + placebo combination, the OLZ + NTX group displayed a significant decrease in the fat and increase in fat-free mass along with a trend towards improvement in HOMA-IR values. There were no significant differences in plasma lipids and LFTs. These findings suggest that addition of NTX to OLZ may attenuate OLZ-induced body fat mass gain. A larger study of longer duration will be needed to confirm these results.
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Pang J, Chan DC, Watts GF. Critical review of non-statin treatments for dyslipoproteinemia. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 12:359-71. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2014.888312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bertoia ML, Triche EW, Michaud DS, Baylin A, Hogan JW, Neuhouser ML, Tinker LF, Van Horn L, Waring ME, Li W, Shikany JM, Eaton CB. Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary patterns and risk of sudden cardiac death in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:344-51. [PMID: 24351877 PMCID: PMC3893726 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.056135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets are characterized by higher intake of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and unsaturated fatty acids. All of these foods and nutrients may affect cholesterol, inflammation, the development of atherosclerosis, and, therefore, risk of cardiac death. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the association between the Mediterranean and DASH dietary patterns and risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in women. DESIGN We used a prospective cohort of 93,122 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative study between 1993 and 1998 and followed for an average of 10.5 y. Women completed a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) twice during follow-up. We scored their diets according to how closely the reported diet resembled each dietary pattern. SCD was defined as death that occurred within 1 h of symptom onset. RESULTS A higher Mediterranean diet score was associated with lower risk of SCD (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.94) when women in the highest quintile were compared with women in the lowest quintile after adjustment for age, total energy, race, income, smoking, and physical activity. After adjustment for potential mediators, the association was similar (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.99). A higher DASH diet score was not associated with risk of SCD. However, sodium intake, which is a crucial component of the DASH dietary pattern, was not well characterized by the FFQ. CONCLUSION The Mediterranean dietary pattern may be associated with lower risk of SCD in women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Bertoia
- Department of Epidemiology (MLB, EWT, DSM, and CBE) and Biostatistics (JWH), School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI (AB); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (MLN and LFT); Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (LVH); Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (MEW) and Medicine (WL), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL (JMS); and the Memorial Hospital of RI Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Pawtucket, RI (CBE)
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Popa-Wagner A, Furczyk K, Richter J, Irmisch G, Thome J. Neurotrophin levels at admission did not change significantly upon alcohol deprivation and were positively correlated with the BMI and LDL levels. J Mol Psychiatry 2013; 1:20. [PMID: 25408911 PMCID: PMC4223886 DOI: 10.1186/2049-9256-1-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophic factor 3 (NT3) could play a role in addictive behavior. Interactions between BDNF and dopamine transmission influence the alcohol intake. It has been hypothesized that extensive alcohol consumption leads to diminished circulating BDNF levels and impaired BDNF-mediated protective mechanisms. What is more, alcohol dependency causes changes in lipid metabolism which in turn may influence the neurotrophin system. METHODS In this study, we tested the hypothesis that alcohol withdrawal increases the serum levels of BDNF in alcoholic patients and investigated correlations between serum BDNF and NT3 and alcohol in breath as well as with the body-mass-index (BMI), lipoprotein profiles and lifestyle factors in 110 male in-patients diagnosed with alcohol addiction on the first day after admission and at discharge. RESULTS The intoxication level (alcohol in breath at admission) was significantly correlated with liver enzymes and BDNF concentrations (R = .28; p = .004). Patients with positive breath-alcohol test at admission had about 9 times higher NT3 levels and higher liver enzyme concentration levels than nonintoxicated subjects. Alcohol intoxicated patients with pathological aspartate aminase (ASAT) levels had even higher NT3 level (F = 5.41; p = .022). The concentration of NT3 was positively associated with the (BMI) (admission R = .36; p = .004; discharge R = .33; p = .001), and the obese patients had 3 to 5 times higher NT3 concentration than the others. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration levels were found to positively correlate with NT3 concentration levels (admission R = .025; p = .015 discharge R = .24; p = .23). CONCLUSION Other than expected, the levels of NT3 and to a lesser extent BDNF levels, were found to be significantly increased in acute alcohol abuse. Alcohol deprivation did not significantly change the serum neurotrophin levels at admission. NT3 levels were positively correlated with the BMI and LDL levels. Because of expected difference between genders, we recommend investigating these correlations further in patients of both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotheraphy, University of Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karolina Furczyk
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotheraphy, University of Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Joerg Richter
- Norway Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, 0405 Norway
| | - Gisela Irmisch
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotheraphy, University of Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotheraphy, University of Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Kanbe H, Kamijo Y, Nakajima T, Tanaka N, Sugiyama E, Wang L, Fang ZZ, Hara A, Gonzalez FJ, Aoyama T. Chronic ethanol consumption decreases serum sulfatide levels by suppressing hepatic cerebroside sulfotransferase expression in mice. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:367-79. [PMID: 24065054 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrate a possible relationship between chronic ethanol drinking and thrombotic diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. However, the precise mechanism for this association remains unclear. Sulfatides are endogenous glycosphingolipids composed of ceramide, galactose, and sulfate, known to have anti-thrombotic properties. Low (0.5 g/kg/day), middle (1.5 g/kg/day), and high (3.0 g/kg/day) doses of ethanol were administered for 21 days intraperitoneally to female wild-type mice, and serum/liver sulfatide levels were measured. No significant changes in cholesterol and triglycerides were seen in serum and liver by ethanol treatment. However, serum/liver sulfatide levels were significantly decreased by middle- and high-dose ethanol treatment, likely due to downregulation of hepatic cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST) levels. Marked decreases in the expression of catalase and superoxide dismutases and ensuing increases in lipid peroxides were also observed in the livers of mice with middle- and high-dose ethanol treatment, suggesting the association between the suppression of hepatic CST expression and enhancement of oxidative stress. Furthermore, serum levels of tissue factor, a typical pro-coagulant molecule, were significantly increased in the mice with middle- and high-dose ethanol treatment showing decreases in serum sulfatide levels. Collectively, these results demonstrate that chronic ethanol consumption reduces serum sulfatide levels by increasing oxidative stress and decreasing the expression of CST in the liver. These findings could provide a mechanism by which chronic ethanol drinking increases thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kanbe
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute on Aging and Adaptation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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