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Alajajian S, Bartolimin J, Martin YJ, Scott C, Rohloff P, Flood D. Prevalence of diabetes among Indigenous women in Guatemala: a retrospective chart review. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:194. [PMID: 38997757 PMCID: PMC11241844 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of diabetes in a clinical population of primarily Indigenous women in Guatemala. RESULTS In a retrospective chart review of a clinical program serving 13,643 primarily Indigenous women in Guatemala, crude diabetes prevalence was 8.3% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 7.8 to 8.7) and age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was 7.9% (95% CI: 7.3 to 8.5). Among those with diabetes, 37.9% (95% CI: 35.1 to 40.8) of women were undiagnosed. Diabetes prevalence rose significantly with increasing age and was significantly higher among women with obesity (risk ratio: 1.4 [95% CI: 1.1 to 1.8]) and among women least likely to be in poverty (risk ratio: 2.0 [95% CI: 1.5 to 2.6]). Diabetes prevalence was significantly lower among Indigenous women (risk ratio: 0.7 [95% CI: 0.6 to 0.9]) and among women who spoke Mayan languages rather than Spanish (risk ratio: 0.7 [95% CI: 0.6 to 0.9]). There was no significant difference in diabetes prevalence between women who lived in rural settings and women who lived in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Alajajian
- Centro de Investigación en la Salud Indígena, Wuqu' Kawoq, 2da Avenida 3-48 Zona 3 Barrio Patacabaj, Tecpán, Chimaltenango, Guatemala.
| | - Jenny Bartolimin
- Centro de Investigación en la Salud Indígena, Wuqu' Kawoq, 2da Avenida 3-48 Zona 3 Barrio Patacabaj, Tecpán, Chimaltenango, Guatemala
| | - Yolanda Juarez Martin
- Centro de Investigación en la Salud Indígena, Wuqu' Kawoq, 2da Avenida 3-48 Zona 3 Barrio Patacabaj, Tecpán, Chimaltenango, Guatemala
| | - Caitlin Scott
- Friendship Bridge, 405 Urban St. Ste. 140, Lakewood, CO, USA
| | - Peter Rohloff
- Centro de Investigación en la Salud Indígena, Wuqu' Kawoq, 2da Avenida 3-48 Zona 3 Barrio Patacabaj, Tecpán, Chimaltenango, Guatemala
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Flood
- Centro de Investigación en la Salud Indígena, Wuqu' Kawoq, 2da Avenida 3-48 Zona 3 Barrio Patacabaj, Tecpán, Chimaltenango, Guatemala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Hoteit M, Khattar M, Malli D, Antar E, Al Hassani Z, Abdallah M, Hachem D, Al Manasfi E, Chahine A, Tzenios N, Group TALEBANONFCS. Dietary Intake among Lebanese Adults: Findings from the Updated LEBANese natiONal Food Consumption Survey (LEBANON-FCS). Nutrients 2024; 16:1784. [PMID: 38892719 PMCID: PMC11174657 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rates of obesity, undernutrition, and other non-communicable diseases are on the rise among Lebanese adults. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the food consumption habits of this population to understand diet quality, analyze consumption trends, and compare them to healthy diets known to reduce risks of non-communicable diseases. AIM To evaluate the food consumption patterns, energy intake, as well as macro- and micro-nutrient intake among a nationally representative sample of Lebanese adults aged 18-64 years old. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out from May to September 2022 involving 444 participants from all eight Lebanese governorates. Sociodemographic and medical information was gathered through a questionnaire, food consumption was evaluated using a validated FFQ and 24 h recall, and anthropometric measurements were recorded. RESULTS There was a notable lack of adherence to three healthy diets (Mediterranean, EAT-Lancet, USDA) among Lebanese adults. Their dietary pattern is characterized by high energy, added sugars, sodium, and saturated fat intake while being low in healthy fats, vitamin A, D, and E. Adult women are falling short of meeting their daily calcium, vitamin D, iron, and vitamin B12 requirements, putting them at increased risk of anemia, osteoporosis, and other health issues. Grains and cereals were the most consumed food groups, and most participants were found to be overweight or obese. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the results highlight the need for public health policies and interventions aimed at encouraging Lebanese adults to make healthier food choices and transition towards diets like the Mediterranean, EAT-Lancet, or USDA diet. These diets have been shown to promote overall health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hoteit
- Food Sciences Unit, National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon (CNRS-L), Beirut P.O. Box 11-8281, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon (D.M.); (E.A.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Maroun Khattar
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon (D.M.); (E.A.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Dana Malli
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon (D.M.); (E.A.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Esraa Antar
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon (D.M.); (E.A.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Zahraa Al Hassani
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon (D.M.); (E.A.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Maher Abdallah
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon (D.M.); (E.A.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Dalia Hachem
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon (D.M.); (E.A.); (Z.A.H.)
| | | | | | - Nikolaos Tzenios
- Faculty of Public Health, Charisma University, London EC1V 7QE, UK
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Wamba A, Laoungang AMN, Soh G. Le comportement alimentaire des étudiants de l'Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun : entre la littératie alimentaire, la littératie en santé et l'e-littératie alimentaire. Glob Health Promot 2024:17579759231206379. [PMID: 38515351 DOI: 10.1177/17579759231206379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXTE Il est connu que les maladies non transmissibles s'originent dans les habitudes et les choix alimentaires, et la littératie en santé est le meilleur déterminant de la santé d'un individu au 21e siècle. Or, cet aspect reste peu exploré en contexte camerounais. Dès lors, cette étude examine la relation entre la littératie en santé, la littératie alimentaire, la littératie alimentaire numérique et le comportement alimentaire des étudiants de l'Université de Yaoundé I. MÉTHODES Un total de 240 étudiants âgés de 18 à 48 ans (M = 21,97 ans, ET = 7,03), dont 149 (62,1 %) femmes, sélectionnés par commodité, ont rempli un questionnaire composite comprenant des échelles de mesure de la littératie en santé (Health Literacy Survey European Union Questionnaire Short Form), de la littératie alimentaire (Short Food Literacy Questionnaire), de la littératie alimentaire numérique (eHealth Literacy Scale) et du comportement alimentaire (General Dietary Behavior Inventory). Les données ont été analysées grâce au logiciel SPSS, v.20, en utilisant des tests de Mann-Whitney, de Kruskal-Wallis, de Spearman et des modèles linéaires généralisés. RÉSULTATS Les résultats ont montré que le comportement alimentaire n'est pas associé aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques des étudiants. L'analyse des modèles linéaires généralisés a démontré que le comportement alimentaire des étudiants est influencé par la littératie alimentaire (β = 1,503, p < 0,001), la littératie en santé (β = 1,191, p < 0,05) et la littératie alimentaire numérique (β = 1,263, p < 0,001). De même, prises ensemble, elles entrainent une variation de 6,929 sur le comportement alimentaire (χ²(3) = 63,070, β = 6,929, p < 0,001). CONCLUSION L'étude suggère que plus de recherches sur d'autres sous-groupes de population sont nécessaires afin de fournir des données pour des interventions en faveur d'une alimentation saine.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Wamba
- École normale supérieure de Yaoundé, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | | | - Gustave Soh
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Éducation, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Niu J, Li B, Zhang Q, Chen G, Papadaki A. Exploring the traditional Chinese diet and its association with health status-a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae013. [PMID: 38452296 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Increased adherence to a traditional Chinese diet (TCD) could reduce the increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases. Currently, there is no consistent definition of the TCD in the literature, and its associations with health outcomes have not yet been identified. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to assess the definition of the TCD, in the literature, and to evaluate whether the TCD, as described, is associated with health outcomes. DATA SOURCES Fourteen databases were searched up to April 25, 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Three reviewers (in pairs) independently screened and extracted data. A modified risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies assessing the TCD definition; the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool were used to assess the quality of the observational studies and randomized controlled trials assessing associations between the TCD and health outcomes. DATA ANALYSIS Ninety-nine studies were identified that assessed the TCD definition. In at least 75% of the studies, rice and leafy vegetables were consistently reported as food groups that characterize the TCD; the most frequently cited food items were white rice, spinach, bokchoy, and cabbage. Fish and seafood, pork, and pork products were consistently reported in studies exclusively referring to the TCD consumed in southern China (n = 21 studies), whereas wheat and wheat products were commonly reported in studies focusing on northern China (n = 14 studies). Fifteen studies reported on the quantities of food groups that are characteristic of the TCD, but their findings were inconsistent. Of the 99 studies, 54 assessed associations with health outcomes. The TCD was overall inversely associated with obesity risk and weight gain, while relationships between the TCD and other health outcomes were inconsistent. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to determine the quantities of foods consumed in the TCD and to establish a consistent definition for further exploration of the TCD's potential role in preventing non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhao Niu
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bai Li
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ge Chen
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angeliki Papadaki
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Alhuneafat L, Ta'ani OA, Jabri A, Tarawneh T, ElHamdan A, Naser A, Al-Bitar F, Alrifai N, Ghanem F, Alaswad K, Alqarqaz M, Van't Hof JR, Adabag S, Virani SS. Cardiovascular disease burden in the Middle East and North Africa region. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102341. [PMID: 38103814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally, including the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. However, limited research has been conducted on the burden of CVD in this region. Our study aims to investigate the burden of CVD and related risk factors in the MENA. METHODS We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 to examine CVD prevalence in 21 MENA countries. Prevalence and mortality were analyzed using Bayesian regression tools, demographic methods, and mortality-to-incidence ratios. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated, and risk factors were evaluated under the GBD's comparative risk assessment framework. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2019, CVD raw accounts in the MENA increased by 140.9%, while age standardized prevalence slightly decreased (-1.3%). CVD raw mortality counts rose by 78.3%, but age standardized death rates fell by 28%. Ischemic heart disease remained the most prevalent condition, with higher rates in men, while women had higher rates of CVA. Age standardized DALYs decreased by 32.54%. DALY rates varied across countries and were consistently higher in males. Leading risk factors included hypertension, high LDL-C, dietary risks, and elevated BMI. The countries with the three highest DALYs in 2019 were Afghanistan, Egypt, and Yemen. CONCLUSIONS While strides have been made in lessening the CVD burden in the MENA region, the toll on mortality and morbidity, particularly from ischemic heart disease, remains significant. Country-specific variations call for tailored interventions addressing socio-economic factors, healthcare infrastructure, and political stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Alhuneafat
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 508, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Omar Al Ta'ani
- Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, PA, United States
| | - Ahmad Jabri
- Department of Cardiovascular disease, Henry Ford, MI, United States
| | - Tala Tarawneh
- Department of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Adee ElHamdan
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Marshall University, WV, United States
| | - Abdallah Naser
- Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, PA, United States
| | - Farah Al-Bitar
- Department of pediatrics, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Nada Alrifai
- Department of Rheumatology, Cooper University, NJ, United States
| | - Fares Ghanem
- Department of Cardiology, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Khaldoon Alaswad
- Department of Cardiovascular disease, Henry Ford, MI, United States
| | | | - Jeremy R Van't Hof
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 508, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Selcuk Adabag
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 508, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Salim S Virani
- Department of Cardiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Cardiovascular medicine, Texas Heart Institute and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Gilcharan Singh HK, Sinnasamy P, Wan Yi T, Chiao Wei C, Chee Siew Swee W, Shyam S. Understanding the Food Environment and Its Impact on Diet and Health in Asia: A Scoping Review. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:172-183. [PMID: 38483070 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241237635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Food environment (FE), an interface where people interact with a broader food system, is critical to health. Understanding the Asian FE may help to tackle the "triple burden of malnutrition" through informed research and policy. This review identifies FE domains assessed in the Asian context and collates the tools/measures used in these evaluations. We further synthesized the reported associations of FE with diet and health outcomes and identified knowledge gaps. Forty-two articles were reviewed (East Asia, n = 25, 60%; South Asia, n = 8, 19%; and Southeast Asia, n = 9, 21%). The results showed that FE was frequently examined in children, adolescents, or adults, but data were scarce in older adults. Food availability (n = 30) and accessibility (n = 19) were popularly studied domains. Furthermore, FE was measured using geographic information systems (n = 18), market (n = 7), or stakeholder (n = 21) surveys. Twenty-eight (67%) articles assessed associations of FE exposures with diet (n = 12) and health (n = 21). Increased food availability and accessibility were associated with poorer dietary and health outcomes despite nonexisting validity and reliability reporting in 62% of articles. Limited high-quality studies emphasize the need for harmonized definitions, better study designs, and validated FE measures/tools in Asia. Improving the quality of FE research is critical to designing effective interventions to improve public health nutrition in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder Kaur Gilcharan Singh
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pavitra Sinnasamy
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teoh Wan Yi
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chang Chiao Wei
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Winnie Chee Siew Swee
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sangeetha Shyam
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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Xue Q, Li X, Ma H, Wang X, Heianza Y, Qi L. Ready-to-Eat Food Environments and Risk of Incident Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study. Circ Heart Fail 2024; 17:e010830. [PMID: 38410999 PMCID: PMC10950530 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food environments have been linked to cardiovascular diseases; however, few studies have assessed the relationship between food environments and the risk of heart failure (HF). We aimed to evaluate the association between ready-to-eat food environments and incident HF at an individual level in a large prospective cohort. METHODS Exposure to ready-to-eat food environments, comprising pubs or bars, restaurants or cafeterias, and fast-food outlets, were individually measured as both proximity and density metrics. We also developed a composite ready-to-eat food environment density score by summing the densities of 3 types of food environments. Cox proportional analyses were applied to assess the associations of each single type and the composite food environments with HF risk. RESULTS Closer proximity to and greater density of ready-to-eat food environments, particularly for pubs and bars and fast-food outlets (P<0.05 for both proximity and density metric) were associated with an elevated risk of incident HF. Compared with those with no exposure to composite ready-to-eat food environments, participants in the highest density score category had a 16% (8%-25%; P<0.0001) higher risk of HF. In addition, we found significant interactions of food environments with education, urbanicity, and density of physical activity facilities on HF risk (all Pinteraction<0.05); the ready-to-eat food environments-associated risk of HF was stronger among participants who were poorly educated, living in urban areas, and without physical activity facilities. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ready-to-eat food environments is associated with a higher risk of incident HF, suggesting the potential importance of minimizing unfavorable food environments in the prevention of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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He P, Liu Z, Baiocchi G, Guan D, Bai Y, Hubacek K. Health-environment efficiency of diets shows nonlinear trends over 1990-2011. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:116-124. [PMID: 38332359 PMCID: PMC10896724 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of diets on health and the environment, as well as their association with socio-economic development, is key to operationalize and monitor food systems shifts. Here we propose a health-environment efficiency indicator defined as a ratio of health benefits and four key food-related environmental impacts (greenhouse gas emissions, scarcity-weighted water withdrawal, acidifying and eutrophying emissions) to assess how diets have performed in supporting healthy lives in relation to environmental pollution and resource consumption across 195 countries from 1990 to 2011. We find that the health-environment efficiency of each environmental input follows a nonlinear path along the Socio-Demographic Index gradient representing different development levels. Health-environment efficiency first increases thanks to the elimination of child and maternal malnutrition through greater food supply, then decreases driven by additional environmental impacts from a shift to animal products, and finally shows a slow growth in some developed countries again as they shift towards healthier diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan He
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality and Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
| | - Giovanni Baiocchi
- Department of Geographical Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Development Data Group, the World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Klaus Hubacek
- Integrated Research on Energy, Environment & Society (IREES) at the Energy Sustainability Research Institute Groningen (ESRIG), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Kotzaeridi G, Monod C, Linder T, Eppel D, Seidel V, Feichtinger M, Mosimann B, Filippi V, Wegener S, Henrich W, Tura A, Göbl CS. The impact of regional origin on the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in a multiethnic European cohort. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1286056. [PMID: 38312137 PMCID: PMC10834617 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1286056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women with migration background present specific challenges related to risk stratification and care of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of ethnic origin on the risk of developing GDM in a multiethnic European cohort. Methods Pregnant women were included at a median gestational age of 12.9 weeks and assigned to the geographical regions of origin: Caucasian Europe (n = 731), Middle East and North Africa countries (MENA, n = 195), Asia (n = 127) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA, n = 48). At the time of recruitment maternal characteristics, glucometabolic parameters and dietary habits were assessed. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in mid-gestation for GDM diagnosis. Results Mothers with Caucasian ancestry were older and had higher blood pressure and an adverse lipoprotein profile as compared to non-Caucasian mothers, whereas non-Caucasian women (especially those from MENA countries) had a higher BMI and were more insulin resistant. Moreover, we found distinct dietary habits. Non-Caucasian mothers, especially those from MENA and Asian countries, had increased incidence of GDM as compared to the Caucasian population (OR 1.87, 95%CI 1.40 to 2.52, p < 0.001). Early gestational fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity were consistent risk factors across different ethnic populations, however, pregestational BMI was of particular importance in Asian mothers. Discussion Prevalence of GDM was higher among women from MENA and Asian countries, who already showed adverse glucometabolic profiles at early gestation. Fasting glucose and early gestational insulin resistance (as well as higher BMI in women from Asia) were identified as important risk factors in Caucasian and non-Caucasian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grammata Kotzaeridi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Monod
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tina Linder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Eppel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Seidel
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Beatrice Mosimann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Filippi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silke Wegener
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Christian S. Göbl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Obstetrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Dissanayake L, Herath B, Opatha J, Jabir S, Siriwardana R, Sirisena K, Wickramasinghe M, Wimalasekera M, Liyanage R, Duminda Guruge GN, Jayaweera K, Jayawardena R, Zavos HMS, Sumathipala A, Rijsdijk F. The Colombo Twin and Singleton Study (COTASS): Piloting the Feasibility of Collecting Nutritional Data and Extension of the Sample to Include Children of Twins. Behav Genet 2024; 54:63-72. [PMID: 38184818 PMCID: PMC10822816 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Nutrition and diet are key modifiable risk factors for the rising burden of non-communicable diseases like cardio-vascular diseases and diabetes in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). The nutritional transition in dietary behaviours in LMICs has most likely contributed to this problem. Although traditionally assumed to be environmental, dietary choices are also genetically influenced. Twin study designs can be used to investigate the relative influence of genes and environment on nutrition intake, eating behaviours and associated psychological health. The overall aim of this project is to: provide proof-of-concept for the feasibility of using dietary (biomarker) data within the Children-of-Twin design in nutrition studies, develop laboratory skills and statistical genetic skills and establish a Sri Lankan-specific food composition database. Currently, a pilot study is being conducted with 304 individuals (38 Monozygotic twin pairs, 38 Dizygotic twin pairs and their male or female adult offspring). Questionnaire data on nutritional intake, eating behaviours, psychological well-being, physical health, and bio-specimens are being collected. A Sri Lankan-specific food composition database was developed, training sessions on macro and micro element analysis in biological samples and statistical genetics skills development were conducted and Community Engagement and Involvement programs were carried out in two districts of Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasith Dissanayake
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, No. 393/3, Lily Avenue, Off Robert Gunawardena Mawatha, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - Binoli Herath
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, No. 393/3, Lily Avenue, Off Robert Gunawardena Mawatha, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Janani Opatha
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Sameeha Jabir
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, No. 393/3, Lily Avenue, Off Robert Gunawardena Mawatha, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Rajindra Siriwardana
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, No. 393/3, Lily Avenue, Off Robert Gunawardena Mawatha, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Kavish Sirisena
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, No. 393/3, Lily Avenue, Off Robert Gunawardena Mawatha, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Malmi Wickramasinghe
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Manouri Wimalasekera
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, No. 393/3, Lily Avenue, Off Robert Gunawardena Mawatha, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruvini Liyanage
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - G N Duminda Guruge
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
| | - Kaushalya Jayaweera
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, No. 393/3, Lily Avenue, Off Robert Gunawardena Mawatha, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Helena M S Zavos
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Athula Sumathipala
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, No. 393/3, Lily Avenue, Off Robert Gunawardena Mawatha, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Frühling Rijsdijk
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Anton de Kom University, Paramaribo, Suriname
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Zavos HMS, Riddleston L, Jayaweera K, Dissanayake L, Jabir S, Pannala G, Hotopf M, Siribaddana S, Sumathipala A, Rijsdijk FV. Frequency of Consumption of Food Groups and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: A Genetically Informative Twin Study in Sri Lanka. Behav Genet 2024; 54:73-85. [PMID: 38135768 PMCID: PMC10822787 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) globally have undergone rapid urbanisation, and changes in demography and health behaviours. In Sri Lanka, cardio-vascular disease and diabetes are now leading causes of mortality. High prevalence of their risk factors, including hypertension, dysglycaemia and obesity have also been observed. Diet is a key modifiable risk factor for both cardio-vascular disease and diabetes as well as their risk factors. Although typically thought of as an environmental risk factor, dietary choice has been shown to be genetically influenced, and genes associated with this behaviour correlate with metabolic risk indicators. We used Structural Equation Model fitting to investigate the aetiology of dietary choices and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in COTASS, a population-based twin and singleton sample in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Participants completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (N = 3934) which assessed frequency of intake of 14 food groups including meat, vegetables and dessert or sweet snacks. Anthropometric (N = 3675) and cardio-metabolic (N = 3477) phenotypes were also collected including weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides. Frequency of consumption of most food items was found to be largely environmental in origin with both the shared and non-shared environmental influences indicated. Modest genetic influences were observed for some food groups (e.g. fruits and leafy greens). Cardio-metabolic phenotypes showed moderate genetic influences with some shared environmental influence for Body Mass Index, blood pressure and triglycerides. Overall, it seemed that shared environmental effects were more important for both dietary choices and cardio-metabolic phenotypes compared to populations in the Global North.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M S Zavos
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Laura Riddleston
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Youth Resilience Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kaushalya Jayaweera
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Lasith Dissanayake
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Sameeha Jabir
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Gayani Pannala
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Athula Sumathipala
- Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, UK
| | - Frühling V Rijsdijk
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
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12
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Manne-Goehler J, Rahim N, van Empel E, de Vlieg R, Chamberlin G, Ihama A, Castle A, Mabweazara S, Venter WDF, Chandiwana N, Levitt NS, Siedner M. Perceptions of Health, Body Size, and Nutritional Risk Factors for Obesity in People with HIV in South Africa. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:367-375. [PMID: 37632604 PMCID: PMC10841992 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disease is increasing in people with HIV (PWH) in South Africa, but little is known about self-perceptions of body size, health, and nutritional behavior in this population. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of individual-level data from the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey. This survey measured HIV serostatus and body mass index (BMI). We categorized participants into six BMI groups: 18.5-22 kg/m2, 22-25 kg/m2, 25-27.5 kg/m2, 27.5-30 kg/m2, 30-35 kg/m2, and ≥ 35 kg/m2 and stratified them by HIV serostatus. Our outcomes were self-reported (1) body size and (2) health status among all participants, and intake of (3) chips and (4) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in PWH. We described these metrics and used multivariable regression to evaluate the relationship between the nutritional behaviors and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 in PWH only, adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, and household wealth quintile. Of 6138 participants, 1163 (19.7%) were PWH. Among PWH, < 10% with a BMI 25-30 kg/m2, < 20% with a BMI 30-35 kg/m2 and < 50% with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 self-reported as overweight or obese. PWH reported being in poor health at higher rates than those without HIV at each BMI category except ≥ 35 kg/m2. In adjusted models, SSB consumption was associated with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (1.13 [1.01-1.25], t-statistic = 2.14, p = 0.033) in PWH. Perceptions of body size may challenge efforts to prevent weight gain in PWH in South Africa. SSB intake reduction should be further explored as a modifiable risk factor for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Manne-Goehler
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Heath Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Nicholas Rahim
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva van Empel
- Foundation for General Practitioner Training, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca de Vlieg
- Foundation for General Practitioner Training, Maastricht University, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Grace Chamberlin
- University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Alison Castle
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Africa Health Research Institute, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Willem D F Venter
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nomathemba Chandiwana
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Naomi S Levitt
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Siedner
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Africa Health Research Institute, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
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13
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Monge-Rojas R, Vargas-Quesada R, Previdelli AN, Kovalskys I, Herrera-Cuenca M, Cortés LY, García MCY, Liria-Domínguez R, Rigotti A, Fisberg RM, Ferrari G, Fisberg M, Gómez G. A Landscape of Micronutrient Dietary Intake by 15- to 65-Years-Old Urban Population in 8 Latin American Countries: Results From the Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition. Food Nutr Bull 2023:3795721231215267. [PMID: 38112070 DOI: 10.1177/03795721231215267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latin American countries have shifted from traditional diets rich in micronutrients to a Westernized diet rich in high energy-dense foods and low in micronutrients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the prevalence of adequate micronutrient intakes in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. METHOD Micronutrient dietary intake data were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 from 9216 men and women aged 15.0 to 65.0 years living in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-hour recalls on nonconsecutive days. Micronutrient adequacy of intake was calculated using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-off method. RESULTS In general terms, the prevalence of inadequate intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, cobalamin, iron, phosphorus, copper, and selenium ranged from 0.4% to 9.9%. In contrast, the prevalence of inadequacy of pyridoxine, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin A ranged from 15.7% to 51.5%. The nutrients with a critical prevalence of inadequacy were magnesium (80.5%), calcium (85.7%), and vitamin D (98.2%). The highest prevalence of inadequate intakes was observed in the low educational level, participants with overweight/obesity, in men, and varies according to socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need to define direct regional actions and strategies in Latin America aimed at improving micronutrient adequacy, either through staple food fortification programs, agronomic biofortification, or food policies that facilitate economic access to micronutrient-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Monge-Rojas
- Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education on Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Rulamán Vargas-Quesada
- Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education on Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | | | - Irina Kovalskys
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- Framingham State University, Framingham, MA, USA
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14
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Yin J, Cheng L, Hong Y, Li Z, Li C, Ban X, Zhu L, Gu Z. A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Glycemic Carbohydrates on the Neurocognitive Functions Based on Gut Microenvironment Regulation and Glycemic Fluctuation Control. Nutrients 2023; 15:5080. [PMID: 38140339 PMCID: PMC10745758 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Improper glycemic carbohydrates (GCs) consumption can be a potential risk factor for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, which may lead to cognitive impairment. Although several potential mechanisms have been studied, the biological relationship between carbohydrate consumption and neurocognitive impairment is still uncertain. In this review, the main effects and mechanisms of GCs' digestive characteristics on cognitive functions are comprehensively elucidated. Additionally, healthier carbohydrate selection, a reliable research model, and future directions are discussed. Individuals in their early and late lives and patients with metabolic diseases are highly susceptible to dietary-induced cognitive impairment. It is well known that gut function is closely related to dietary patterns. Unhealthy carbohydrate diet-induced gut microenvironment disorders negatively impact cognitive functions through the gut-brain axis. Moreover, severe glycemic fluctuations, due to rapidly digestible carbohydrate consumption or metabolic diseases, can impair neurocognitive functions by disrupting glucose metabolism, dysregulating calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and accumulating advanced glycation end products. Unstable glycemic status can lead to more severe neurological impairment than persistent hyperglycemia. Slow-digested or resistant carbohydrates might contribute to better neurocognitive functions due to stable glycemic response and healthier gut functions than fully gelatinized starch and nutritive sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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15
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Ebrahimi S, Leech RM, McNaughton SA, Farzadfar F, Ghasemi E, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Livingstone KM. Sociodemographic differences in dietary trends among Iranian adults: findings from the 2005-2016 Iran-WHO STEPS survey. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2963-2972. [PMID: 37857575 PMCID: PMC10755385 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine trends in the intake of key food groups among Iranian adults between 2005 and 2016, overall, and according to sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN Repeat cross-sectional data from the Iran-STEPwise approach to risk factor surveillance (Iran-WHO STEPS) 2005-2016 were analysed. Regression analyses were used to evaluate trends in the frequency of fruits, vegetables and fish intake and type of oil used over time. Interactions by sex, age and area of residence were examined. SETTING Iran. PARTICIPANTS 225 221 Iranian adults. RESULTS The frequency of vegetables (β: -0·03; 95 % CI (-0·06, -0·00); P-trend = 0·030) and fish (β: -0·09; 95 % CI (-0·10, -0·08); P-trend < 0·001) intake and use of solid fat (OR: 0·70; 95 % CI (0·70, 0·72); P-trend < 0·001) declined, whilst the frequency of fruit intake (β-Coeff: 0·03, 95 % CI (0·01, 0·05); P-trend = 0·014) and liquid oil use (OR: 1·40; 95 % CI (1·3, 1·4); P-trend<0·001) rose. Rising trends in fruit intake were larger in mid-aged (40-60 years) and older (>60 years) adults (P-interaction < 0·001), whilst declines in vegetable (P-interaction < 0·001) and fish intake (P-interaction = 0·001) were larger in older adults. The declining use of solid fat was strongest in middle-aged and older adults (P-interaction = 0·035), while the increasing use of liquid oil was strongest in rural areas (P-interaction = 0·011). CONCLUSIONS During the nutrition transition, liquid oil use and the frequency of fruit intake rose, while the frequency of vegetables and fish intake declined. Nonetheless, the fatty acid composition and cooking methods are important considerations. The changes observed are concerning from a public health perspective and demonstrate the need for interventions and possible targets for tailored strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ebrahimi
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC3220, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Leech
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC3220, Australia
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC3220, Australia
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Ghasemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC3220, Australia
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16
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Albuquerque G, Lunet N, Breda J, Padrão P. Food, nutrition and diet in urban areas from low- and middle-income countries in the WHO European Region. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:s1-s5. [PMID: 36123324 PMCID: PMC10801371 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Albuquerque
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto4099-002, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto4099-002, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Breda
- World Health Organization European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD Office)
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto4099-002, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Shokri Varniab Z, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Pourabhari Langroudi A, Shati M, Koolaji S, Ghanbari A, Mehdipour P, Barakati SH, Moghadam M, Shobeiri P, Esfahani Z, Sharifnejad Tehrani Y, Salahi S, Bagheri H, Mortazavi SS. The levels and trends of metabolic risk factors in the elderly population at the national and sub-national scale in Iran from 1990 to 2016. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1645-1655. [PMID: 37975131 PMCID: PMC10638250 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Describing the trends of metabolic risk factors (MRFs) in the elderly population. Methods We used modeled data from previous comprehensive systematic reviews for MRFs among adults aged ≥ 60 years. Two stages of age-specific Spatio-temporal modeling and Gaussian process regression were used to estimate the mean of MRFs. We used crosswalk modeling to estimate the prevalence of elevated and raised Total cholesterol (TC), overweight/obesity and obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Estimates were analyzed based on combinations of sex, age, year, and province from 1990 to 2016. Results Comparing prevalence estimates from 2016 with those of 1990, in the elderly population, the age-standardized prevalence of overweight/obesity, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension increased, conversely, the prevalence of hypercholesteremia decreased. The prevalence of hypertension increased about 141.5% and 129.9% in men and women respectively. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes increased about 109.5% in females, and 116.0% in males. Prevalence of elevated TC at the national level decreased to 67.4% (64.1-70.4) in women and to 51.1% (47.5-54.8) in men. These findings were almost shown across provinces. In general, the northern and western provinces had the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity in women in 2016. Conclusion The rising prevalence of most MRFs, as well as the greater prevalence and mean of all MRFs in women, necessitate effective public health policies to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases and run preventive programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01297-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shokri Varniab
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Pourabhari Langroudi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shati
- Mental Health Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sogol Koolaji
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Mehdipour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Manije Moghadam
- Department of Older Adult Health, Health Deputy, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esfahani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Sharifnejad Tehrani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvenaz Salahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanie Bagheri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Salehe Mortazavi
- Geriatric Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Neves RO, Rocha ADS, de Vargas BO, Kretzer DC, de Matos S, Goldani MZ, von Diemen L, Magalhães JADA, Bernardi JR. Obesity Cut-Off Points Using Prepregnancy Body Mass Index according to Cardiometabolic Conditions in Pregnancy. J Pregnancy 2023; 2023:6669700. [PMID: 38026545 PMCID: PMC10667054 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6669700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To suggest cut-off points for body mass index (BMI) using gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as cardiometabolic conditions in pregnancy. Methods In this prospective study, singleton pregnant women from the fetal medicine service of the Brazilian Unified Health System were included. The pregnancy, perinatal, and newborn data were obtained from the clinical medical records. Maternal anthropometry included an assessment of weight and height and the prepregnancy BMI evaluation categorized according to the World Health Organization cut-off points. The area under the curve and confidence interval values from receiver operator curves were generated to identify the optimal cut-off points using prepregnancy BMI with better sensitivity and specificity. Results Data on 218 pregnancies were analyzed, with 57.9% (n = 124) being classified as overweight/obese, 11% (n = 24) with GDM, 6.9% (n = 15) with preeclampsia, and 11.0% (n = 24) with gestational hypertension. The BMI cut-off points for predicting cardiometabolic conditions were 27.52 kg/m2 (S: 66.7%; E: 63.8%) for women with GDM; 27.40 kg/m2 (S: 73.3%; E: 62.4%; S: 79.2%; E: 64.9%; S: 70.3%; E: 66.3%) for women with preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and gestational hypertension plus preeclampsia, respectively; and 27.96 kg/m2 (S: 69.6%; E: 65.6%) for women with preeclampsia plus GDM. Conclusion The findings suggest that the optimal prepregnancy BMI cut-off point is around 27 kg/m2 for pregnant women with maternal cardiometabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata O. Neves
- Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre da S. Rocha
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences: Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna O. de Vargas
- Undergraduate Nutrition Course, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela C. Kretzer
- Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Salete de Matos
- Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Z. Goldani
- Department of Pediatric, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José A. de A. Magalhães
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana R. Bernardi
- Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Medical School, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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19
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Lee H, Moyo GT, Theophilus RJ, Oldewage-Theron W. Association of Dietary Changes with Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes among Older Adults in Sharpeville, South Africa, from 2004 to 2014. Nutrients 2023; 15:4751. [PMID: 38004145 PMCID: PMC10675501 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the associations of dietary changes with risk factors of type 2 diabetes among older populations in Sharpeville, South Africa. A 24 h recall assessment, dietary diversity, and anthropometrics were measured. Blood samples were collected to assess fasting glucose and insulin. Regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The mean BMI of the total of 103 participants was 30.63 kg/m2 at baseline and 29.66 kg/m2 at follow-up. Significantly higher BMI levels were reported in women than men both at baseline (p = 0.003) and follow-up (p = 0.009). Waist circumference significantly decreased from 96.20 cm to 93.16 cm (p = 0.046). The mean levels of HOMA-B significantly increased from 88.99 to 111.19 (p = 0.021). BMI was positively associated with intakes of total energy (p = 0.22), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.050), and cholesterol (p = 0.006). Waist circumference was strongly associated with total energy (p = 0.048), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.037), trans fatty acids (p = 0.039), and cholesterol (p = 0.000). HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were associated with intakes of fat (HOMA-IR: p = 0.013; HOMA-B: p = 0.040) and monounsaturated fatty acids (HOMA-IR: p = 0.003; HOMA-B: p = 0.040).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gugulethu T. Moyo
- Center for Health and Wellbeing, Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
| | - Rufus J. Theophilus
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wilna Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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20
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Xu L, Zang E, Sun S, Li M. Main flavor compounds and molecular regulation mechanisms in fruits and vegetables. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11859-11879. [PMID: 35816297 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2097195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables (F&V) are an indispensable part of a healthy diet. The volatile and nonvolatile compounds present in F&V constitute unique flavor substances. This paper reviews the main flavor substances present in F&V, as well as the biosynthetic pathways and molecular regulation mechanisms of these compounds. A series of compounds introduced include aromatic substances, soluble sugars and organic acids, which constitute the key flavor substances of F&V. Esters, phenols, alcohols, amino acids and terpenes are the main volatile aromatic substances, and nonvolatile substances are represented by amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates; The combination of these ingredients is the cause of the sour, sweet, bitter, astringent and spicy taste of these foods. This provides a theoretical basis for the study of the interaction between volatile and nonvolatile substances in F&V, and also provides a research direction for the healthy development of food in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Erhuan Zang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Shuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Minhui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medical Research Institute, Hohhot, China
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21
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Senekal M, Nel JH, Eksteen G, Steyn NP. Dietary Patterns, Socio-Demographic Predictors Thereof, and Associations of Dietary Patterns with Stunting and Overweight/Obesity in 1-<10-Year-Old Children in Two Economically Active Provinces in South Africa. Nutrients 2023; 15:4136. [PMID: 37836420 PMCID: PMC10574062 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A review of the literature showed that there were only a few studies that reported on the dietary patterns of children in South Africa. The aim of the present study was to characterise the dietary patterns of children aged 1-<10 years who were studied during the Provincial Dietary Intake Survey (PDIS) in 2018 and to investigate the socio-demographic predictors thereof, as well as the associations with stunting and overweight/obesity. Dietary pattern analysis was conducted within three age groups, namely 1-<3-year-olds, 3-<6-year-olds, and 6-<10-year-olds using iterated principal factor analysis with varimax rotation and 24 h recall data from the PDIS. The dietary patterns that emerged seem to be far from ideal. Energy-dense, nutrient-poor patterns were included in the top three strongest patterns in all three age groupings that were investigated. Few of the dietary patterns included vegetables other than starchy vegetables, fruit, dairy, quality proteins, and unrefined carbohydrates. There were no associations between any of the dietary patterns and stunting or overweight/obesity in the children. Key predictors of greater adherence to the mostly unhealthy patterns included indicators of a higher socio-economic status in all three age groups, as well as having an obese mother in the 6-<10-year-old group. Key predictors of greater adherence to the mostly healthy patterns were a higher wealth index and having an obese mother in the two younger groups, with no predictors in the 6-<10-year-old group. We conclude that the dietary patterns of children in the Western Cape contain strong elements of the energy-dense, nutrient-poor dietary patterns. Interventions to improve the dietary intake of children should be directed at both poorer and higher income communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjanne Senekal
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Johanna H. Nel
- Department of Logistics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Gabriel Eksteen
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Nelia P. Steyn
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
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22
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Zhou M, Archibeck ES, Feteih Y, Abubakr Y, O'Connell GD. Non-enzymatic glycation increases the failure risk of annulus fibrosus by predisposing the extrafibrillar matrix to greater stresses. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:223-234. [PMID: 37433360 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Growing clinical evidence suggests a correlation between diabetes and more frequent and severe intervertebral disc failure, partially attributed to accelerated advanced glycation end-products (AGE) accumulation in the annulus fibrosus (AF) through non-enzymatic glycation. However, in vitro glycation (i.e., crosslinking) reportedly improved AF uniaxial tensile mechanical properties, contradicting clinical observations. Thus, this study used a combined experimental-computational approach to evaluate the effect of AGEs on anisotropic AF tensile mechanics, applying finite element models (FEMs) to complement experimental testing and examine difficult-to-measure subtissue-level mechanics. Methylglyoxal-based treatments were applied to induce three physiologically relevant AGE levels in vitro. Models incorporated crosslinks by adapting our previously validated structure-based FEM framework. Experimental results showed that a threefold increase in AGE content resulted in a ∼55% increase in AF circumferential-radial tensile modulus and failure stress and a 40% increase in radial failure stress. Failure strain was unaffected by non-enzymatic glycation. Adapted FEMs accurately predicted experimental AF mechanics with glycation. Model predictions showed that glycation increased stresses in the extrafibrillar matrix under physiologic deformations, which may increase tissue mechanical failure or trigger catabolic remodeling, providing insight into the relationship between AGE accumulation and increased tissue failure. Our findings also added to the existing literature regarding crosslinking structures, indicating that AGEs had a greater effect along the fiber direction, while interlamellar radial crosslinks were improbable in the AF. In summary, the combined approach presented a powerful tool for examining multiscale structure-function relationships with disease progression in fiber-reinforced soft tissues, which is essential for developing effective therapeutic measures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Increasing clinical evidence correlates diabetes with premature intervertebral disc failure, likely due to advanced glycation end-products (AGE) accumulation in the annulus fibrosus (AF). However, in vitro glycation reportedly increases AF tensile stiffness and toughness, contradicting clinical observations. Using a combined experimental-computational approach, our work shows that increases in AF bulk tensile mechanical properties with glycation are achieved at the risk of exposing the extrafibrillar matrix to increased stresses under physiologic deformations, which may increase tissue mechanical failure or trigger catabolic remodeling. Computational results indicate that crosslinks along the fiber direction account for 90% of the increased tissue stiffness with glycation, adding to the existing literature. These findings provide insight into the multiscale structure-function relationship between AGE accumulation and tissue failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2162 Etcheverry Hall, #1740, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA
| | - Erin S Archibeck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2162 Etcheverry Hall, #1740, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA
| | - Yarah Feteih
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2162 Etcheverry Hall, #1740, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA
| | - Yousuf Abubakr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2162 Etcheverry Hall, #1740, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA
| | - Grace D O'Connell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 5122 Etcheverry Hall, #1740, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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23
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Miranda CS, Silva-Veiga FM, Santana-Oliveira DA, Fernandes-da-Silva A, Brito GC, Martins FF, Souza-Mello V. Chronic Excessive Fructose Intake Maximizes Brown Adipocyte Whitening but Causes Similar White Adipocyte Hypertrophy Than a High-Fat Diet in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:435-444. [PMID: 35822844 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2062686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the differential role of a high-fat diet (HF) or high-fructose diet (HFRU) on white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue remodeling in C57BL/6 mice.Methods: The animals were randomly assigned to receive HF (50% of energy as lipids), HFRU (50% of energy as fructose), or a control diet (C, 10% of energy as lipids) for 12 weeks. Results: The HF group became overweight from the 7th week onwards, but both HF and HFRU groups showed hyperinsulinemia, oral glucose intolerance, and adverse adipose tissue remodeling. HF and HFRU groups showed interscapular brown adipose tissue whitening, tough the reduced QA [nuclei] suggested maximized brown adipocyte dysfunction due to the HFRU diet. In contrast, HF and HFRU diets exerted similar effects upon subcutaneous white adipocytes, with a similar average cross-sectional area. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the whitening enhancement with reduced UCP1 immunodensity in the HFRU group. Conclusion: In conclusion, HF and HFRU diets had indistinguishable effects upon white adipocyte morphology, but the HFRU diet provoked a more pronounced whitening than the HF diet after a 12-week protocol. These results point to the silent and harmful impact that excessive fructose has upon the metabolism of lean mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolline Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daiana Araujo Santana-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernandes-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Carvalho Brito
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Oladele CR, Khandpur N, Galusha D, Hassan S, Colón-Ramos U, Miller M, Adams OP, Maharaj RG, Nazario CM, Nunez M, Pérez-Escamilla R, Hassell T, Nunez-Smith M. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and T2D diabetes in the Eastern Caribbean. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1403-1413. [PMID: 36856024 PMCID: PMC10346089 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are implicated in the increasing risk of diabetes in the Caribbean. Few studies have examined associations between SSB consumption and diabetes in the Caribbean. DESIGN SSB was measured as teaspoon/d using questions from the National Cancer Institute Dietary Screener Questionnaire about intake of soda, juice and coffee/tea during the past month. Diabetes was measured using self-report, HbA1C and use of medication. Logistic regression was used to examine associations. SETTING Baseline data from the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network Cohort Study (ECS), collected in Barbados, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago and US Virgin Islands, were used for analysis. PARTICIPANTS Participants (n 1701) enrolled in the ECS. RESULTS Thirty-six percentage of participants were unaware of their diabetes, 33% aware and 31% normoglycaemic. Total mean intake of added sugar from SSB was higher among persons 40-49 (9·4 tsp/d), men (9·2 tsp/d) and persons with low education (7·0 tsp/d). Participants who were unaware (7·4 tsp/d) or did not have diabetes (7·6 tsp/d) had higher mean SSB intake compared to those with known diabetes (5·6 tsp/d). In multivariate analysis, total added sugar from beverages was not significantly associated with diabetes status. Results by beverage type showed consumption of added sugar from soda was associated with greater odds of known (OR = 1·37, 95 % CI (1·03, 1·82)) and unknown diabetes (OR = 1·54, 95 % CI (1·12, 2·13)). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate the need for continued implementation and evaluation of policies and interventions to reduce SSB consumption in the Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Oladele
- Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, 100 Church Street South, Suite A200, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Neha Khandpur
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deron Galusha
- Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, 100 Church Street South, Suite A200, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Saria Hassan
- Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, 100 Church Street South, Suite A200, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Uriyoán Colón-Ramos
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mary Miller
- Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, 100 Church Street South, Suite A200, New Haven, CT06510, USA
| | - Oswald P Adams
- The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados
| | - Rohan G Maharaj
- The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Cruz M Nazario
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Maxine Nunez
- University of the Virgin Islands, School of Nursing, St. Thomas, VI, USA
| | | | | | - Marcella Nunez-Smith
- Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, 100 Church Street South, Suite A200, New Haven, CT06510, USA
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25
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Yehia NA, Isai L, Semnani-Azad Z, Lai KZH, Retnakaran R, Harris SB, Beaudry JL, Bazinet RP, Hanley AJ. Association of circulating branched chain fatty acids with insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in the PROMISE cohort. Lipids 2023; 58:171-183. [PMID: 37165723 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are mainly saturated fatty acids with a methyl branch on the penultimate or antepenultimate carbon atom. While BCFAs are endogenously produced via the catabolism of branched chain amino acids, the primary exogenous source of BCFAs in the human body is via the diet, including dairy products. Recently, BCFAs have been identified as having a potentially protective role in the etiology of cardiometabolic disorders although current literature is limited. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of circulating BCFAs across four serum pools with insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, and glucose concentrations in the PROMISE Cohort. Estimates of insulin sensitivity were assessed using Matsuda's insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2). Estimates of beta cell function were determined using the insulinogenic index divided by HOMA insulin resistance and the insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2). Baseline serum samples were analyzed for BCFAs using gas-chromatography flame ionization detection. Longitudinal associations were determined using generalized estimating equations. In the free fatty acid (FFA) pool, iso15:0 and anteiso15:0 were positively associated with logHOMA2 (iso15:0 logHOMA2-%S: β = 6.86, 95% CI: [1.64, 12.36], p < 0.05, anteiso15:0 logHOMA2-%S: β = 6.36, 95% CI: [0.63, 12.42], p < 0.05) while anteiso14:0 was inversely associated with measures of insulin sensitivity (iso14:0 logHOMA2-%S: β = -2.35, 95% CI: [-4.26, -0.40], p < 0.05, logISI: β = -2.30, 95% CI: [-4.32, -0.23], p < 0.05, anteiso14:0 logHOMA2-%S: β = -4.72, 95% CI: [-7.81, -1.52], p < 0.05, logISI: β = -6.13, 95% CI: [-9.49, -2.66], p < 0.01). Associations in other pools were less consistent. We identified the potential importance of specific BCFAs, specifically iso14:0, anteiso14:0, iso15:0, anteiso15:0, in cardiometabolic phenotypes underlying type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagam A Yehia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liridona Isai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhila Semnani-Azad
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kira Zhi Hua Lai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jacqueline L Beaudry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
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26
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Wolfson JA, Tse J, Ho A, Bowie J, Maruthur N, Richardson CR, Trubek A. Complex, Varied and Evolving Manifestations of Food Agency in Daily Life Among Diabetes Prevention Program Participants in Baltimore, Maryland. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:404-418. [PMID: 37097264 PMCID: PMC10258162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize food agency (one's capacity to procure and prepare food in particular contexts) among Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participants and gather perspectives about experiences with DPP. DESIGN Photograph-elicitation in-depth interviews and survey measures. SETTING Baltimore, Maryland (June-August 2021). PARTICIPANTS Black women (n = 13) who participated in DPP. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Food agency and strategies used to procure and prepare food and the influence of DPP on daily food behaviors. Surveys measured food agency using the Cooking and Food Provisioning Action Scale and cooking behaviors. ANALYSIS Thematic analysis of qualitative in-depth interviews and descriptive statistics for quantitative measures. RESULTS As quantitative and qualitative data revealed, participants were frequent and confident cooks with high food agency. Participants viewed cooking as a key strategy for healthy eating and desired more hands-on cooking instruction within DPP to develop new healthy cooking skills. The primary barriers identified were related to lack of time or energy. Food procurement and preparation practices shifted over time, and DPP was a key influence on current behaviors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Food agency is complex and manifests heterogeneously in daily life. A life course, contextual, and food agency-based approach could be considered for future diabetes prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Wolfson
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Jillian Tse
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adeline Ho
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Janice Bowie
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nisa Maruthur
- Department of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Caroline R Richardson
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Amy Trubek
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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27
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Rousham E, Clark M, Latham M, Oo SP, Read S, Griffiths P, Blankenship J, Goudet S. Resilience and vulnerabilities of urban food environments in the Asia-Pacific region. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2023:e13513. [PMID: 37097115 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanisation in the Asia-Pacific region is associated with complex changes to urban food environments. The impact of changing food environments on food purchasing and consumption and the diets and nutritional status of vulnerable groups, especially women and young children, is not well researched in low- and middle-income country cities. This paper aimed to examine: the risks and opportunities for healthy diets for low income populations offered by modernising urban centres; the concept of food deserts in relation to urban food environments in the Asia-Pacific region and how these could be mitigated; and measures to strengthen the resilience of food environments in the region using a case study of the impact of COVID-19 on informal food vendors. Our findings indicate that the dynamic changes in urban food environments in the Asia- Pacific region need to be understood by examining not only modern retail food outlets but also wet markets and informal food outlets, including street foods. Efforts should be made to ensure both modern and traditional outlets provide complementary platforms for convenient, affordable and accessible nutritious foods for urban populations. The resilience of urban food environments to environmental, physical and socio-economic shocks can be strengthened by shortening food supply chains and maximising food production in cities. Support mechanisms targeting urban informal food outlets and street vendors can also strengthen resilience and improve food security. Further research is needed on the impact of urbanising food environments on consumer choices, preferences, diets and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rousham
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Paula Griffiths
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jessica Blankenship
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF East Asia and the Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sophie Goudet
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Nutrition Research, Dikoda, London, UK
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28
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Elshahat S, Moffat T, Gagnon O, Charkatli L, Gomes-Szoke ED. The relationship between diet/nutrition and the mental health of immigrants in Western societies through a holistic bio-psycho-socio-cultural lens: A scoping review. Appetite 2023; 183:106463. [PMID: 36682625 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that diet and nutrition not only impact individuals' physical health but also shape their mental health (MH). The nutrition/diet-MH relationship may be critical among immigrants due to socioeconomic and sociocultural factors. Despite the complex nutrition/diet-MH relationship, most scholarship in this area employs a biomedical perspective. This scoping review of 63 studies deployed a holistic bio-psycho-socio-cultural framework to examine the relationship between diet/nutrition and immigrants' MH. Five automated databases (Embase, PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO and Anthropology Plus) were systematically searched for relevant articles from Western countries. A bio-psycho-socio-cultural conceptual model guided the analysis of the multi-faceted diet/nutrition-MH relationship. Consumption of fruit/vegetables, unsaturated fats, vitamin D-rich foods and whole grains was significantly positively related to MH. Reported pathways included enhanced self-esteem and ability to stay physically active. Energy-dense food consumption emanating from unhealthful dietary acculturation to the Western lifestyle was associated with poor MH through various mechanisms, including exhaustion and worry about developing non-communicable diseases. Food insecurity and related hunger were significantly positively associated with depression and anxiety among immigrants through different pathways, including family conflicts, homesickness, social exclusion, feelings of shame/stigma, and helplessness related to not affording nutritious foods that meet one's cultural dietary requirements. Ethnic food consumption appeared to mitigate MH issues and enhance immigrants' well-being. A bio-psycho-socio-cultural-informed model is needed to gain an in-depth and encompassing understanding of immigrant MH as it relates to diet/nutrition. The first iteration of such a model is presented in this review alongside an illustration of how it may be used to strengthen an analysis and understanding of the multi-faceted diet/nutrition-MH relationship amongst immigrants and inform public health professionals and dieticians/practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elshahat
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tina Moffat
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivia Gagnon
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lein Charkatli
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behavior, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily D Gomes-Szoke
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Perinatal and post-weaning exposure to a high-fat diet causes histomorphometric, neuroplastic, and histopathological changes in the rat ileum. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:231-241. [PMID: 36073012 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174422000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a diet with a high saturated fat content can influence the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, causing losses in the absorption of nutrients and favoring the appearance of diseases. The objective was to assess the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) in the perinatal (pregnancy and lactation) and post-weaning period on the histomorphometry, neuroplasticity, and histopathology of the ileum. Wistar rats were divided into four subgroups: Control/Control (CC, n = 10) rats fed a control diet (C) throughout the trial period; Control/HFD (CH, n = 9) rats fed diet C (perinatal) and HFD after weaning; HFD/Control (HC, n = 10) rats fed HFD (perinatal) and diet C (post-weaning); HFD/HFD (HH, n = 9) rats fed HFD throughout the experimental period. There was atrophy of the Ileum wall with a reduction in the muscular tunic, submucosa, and mucosa thickness in the HH group of 37%, 28%, and 46%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The depth of the crypts decreased by 29% (p < 0.0001) and height increased by 5% (p < 0.0013). Villus height decreased by 41% and 18% in HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001) and width decreased by 11% in the HH (p < 0.0001). The height of the enterocytes decreased by 18% in the HH (p < 0.0001). There was a decrease in the area of the myenteric and submucosal plexus ganglia in the HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001). The number, occupation, and granules of Paneth cells increased in the HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001). Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) increased in all groups exposed to the HFD. Goblet cells decreased in groups CH and HH (p < 0.0001). The evidence from this study suggests that the HFD had altered the histomorphometry, neuroplasticity, and histopathology of the ileum of the rats.
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von Hanstein AS, Tsikas D, Lenzen S, Jörns A, Plötz T. Potentiation of Lipotoxicity in Human EndoC-βH1 β-Cells by Glucose is Dependent on the Structure of Free Fatty Acids. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200582. [PMID: 36629272 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Lipotoxicity is a significant element in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since pro-diabetic nutritional patterns are associated with hyperglycemia as well as hyperlipidemia, the study analyzes the effects of combining these lipid and carbohydrate components with a special focus on the structural fatty acid properties such as increasing chain length (C16-C20) and degree of saturation with regard to the role of glucolipotoxicity in human EndoC-βH1 β-cells. METHODS AND RESULTS β-cell death induced by saturated FFAs is potentiated by high concentrations of glucose in a chain length-dependent manner starting with stearic acid (C18:0), whereas toxicity remains unchanged in the case of monounsaturated FFAs. Interference with FFA desaturation by overexpression and inhibition of stearoyl-CoA-desaturase, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the conversion of long-chain saturated into corresponding monounsaturated FFAs, does not affect the potentiating effect of glucose, but FFA desaturation reduces lipotoxicity and plays an important role in the formation of lipid droplets. Crucial elements underlying glucolipotoxicity are ER stress induction and cardiolipin peroxidation in the mitochondria. CONCLUSION In the context of nutrition, the data emphasize the importance of the lipid component in glucolipotoxicity related to the development of β-cell dysfunction and death in the manifestation of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sophie von Hanstein
- Institute of Experimental Diabetes Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Core Unit Proteomics, Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sigurd Lenzen
- Institute of Experimental Diabetes Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Jörns
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Plötz
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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31
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Whittaker J. Dietary trends and the decline in male reproductive health. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:165-197. [PMID: 36725796 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the twentieth century, male reproductive health has suffered a substantial decline, as evidenced by decreases in sperm counts and testosterone levels and increases in reproductive pathologies. At the same time, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome has risen dramatically. Metabolic and reproductive health are highly interconnected, suggesting that their respective trends are intertwined and, given the timeframe of such trends, environmental and not genetic factors are most likely to be the primary causes. Industrialization, which began in Europe in the mid-eighteenth century, has resulted in profound changes to our diet, lifestyle, and environment, many of which are causal factors in the rise in chronic diseases. Industrialization results in a nutrition transition from an agricultural unprocessed to a modern processed diet, incorporating increases in sugar, vegetable oils, ultra-processed foods, linoleic acid, trans-fats, and total energy. This dietary shift has incurred numerous adverse effects on metabolic and reproductive health, characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Moreover, these effects appear to multiply across subsequent generations via epigenetic inheritance. Men's fertility is markedly affected by obesity and diabetes, with an increase in total energy via processed food intake arguably being the key factor driving the diabesity pandemic. In contrast, wholefoods rich in micronutrients and phytonutrients support male fertility and a healthy body weight. Therefore, men wanting to maximize their fertility should consider making positive dietary changes, such as replacing processed foods with unprocessed foods that support metabolic and reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Whittaker
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK.
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32
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Collado-Soler R, Alférez-Pastor M, Torres FL, Trigueros R, Aguilar-Parra JM, Navarro N. A Systematic Review of Healthy Nutrition Intervention Programs in Kindergarten and Primary Education. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030541. [PMID: 36771248 PMCID: PMC9921877 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity and overweight rates are increasing in an exponential way. This type of diet-related health problem has consequences, not only at present but also for children's future lives. For these reasons, it is very important to find a solution, which could be nutrition intervention programs. The main objective of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of nutrition intervention programs in children aged 3-12 around the world. We used SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed databases to carry out this systematic review and we followed the PRISMA statement. Two authors conducted literature searches independently, finding a total of 138 articles. Finally, after a thorough screening, a total of 19 articles were selected for detailed analysis. The results show that, in general, nutrition intervention programs are effective in improving knowledge and behaviors about healthy habits, and, consequently, that the body mass index value is reduced. However, it is true that we found differences between the incomes of families and geographical areas. In conclusion, we encourage school centers to consider including these types of programs in their educational program and bring awareness of the importance of families too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Collado-Soler
- Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Marina Alférez-Pastor
- Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco L. Torres
- Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Rubén Trigueros
- Department of Language and Education, University of Antonio de Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (J.M.A.-P.)
| | - Jose M. Aguilar-Parra
- Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (J.M.A.-P.)
| | - Noelia Navarro
- Hum-878 Research Team, Health Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Jalata DD, Mekonnen SA, Taddese HY, Workeneh MZ. Food consumption patterns in employees of Ethiopian institute of agricultural research. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12915. [PMID: 36704267 PMCID: PMC9871231 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, including Ethiopia, diet-related non-communicable diseases are prevalent among the working population. Understanding this active group's dietary diversity and food consumption patterns is essential to devise alternative solutions and recommend possible improvements. This study investigates the food consumption patterns of employees of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 1 to March 31, 2022, involving 13 different research centers of the institute situated in different agro-ecological regions of the country. A validated food frequency questionnaire and a 24-h food recall were administered to a total sample size of 355 employees. A systematic random sampling was used for data collection. Stata survey commands version 16.0 and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The research confirmed that socio-demographic determinants, income, and educational level affect the food consumption patterns of employees. The majority of employees have low consumption of foods like fish, fruits, vegetables, and animal products. Consumption of all kinds of animal products was very low on Wednesday and Friday. This result will help employees to give more attention to low-cost healthier food items, as well as institutional management bodies in designing awareness-creation campaigns and government programs to encourage the production and access of nutritious food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dassalegn Daraje Jalata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Research, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Solomon Abate Mekonnen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Research, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hana Yeshitila Taddese
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication Research, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mulate Zerihun Workeneh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Research, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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34
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Yehia NA, Lai KZH, Semnani-Azad Z, Blanco Mejia S, Bazinet RP, Beaudry JL, Hanley AJ. Association of branched chain fatty acids with cardiometabolic disorders in humans: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:180-190. [PMID: 36029228 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite advances in treatments for cardiometabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, the increasing frequency of these conditions is of major clinical and public health concern. Therefore, primary prevention including diet and lifestyle approaches continues to play a key role in risk reduction. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies have documented inverse associations of dairy consumption with the incidence of different cardiometabolic disorders. Dairy is the largest dietary contributor of branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs), which have been suggested to not only serve as biomarkers of dairy consumption but may also have bioactive properties contributing to reducing the risk of cardiometabolic outcomes. To date, however, the literature on this topic has not been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVE The aim here was to report the results of a systematic review of the association of BCFAs with cardiometabolic disorders in humans. DATA SOURCES Search terms were developed and run through the Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. DATA EXTRACTION Articles were selected on the basis of prespecified inclusion criteria and assessed for risk of bias by independent reviewers. RESULTS Four studies (n = 2 cross sectional; n = 1 randomized feeding trial and n = 1 pre-post study) were identified. Two studies reported significant inverse associations between serum BCFAs and insulin resistance, triglycerides and/or body mass index. One study identified an inverse association between adipose tissue monomethyl BCFAs and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. In contrast, the randomized feeding trial reported no significant differences to stool BCFA concentrations or body mass index in obese participants following assignment to fruit-vegetable or whole-grain diet groups compared with a refined-grain control group. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests beneficial associations of circulating BCFAs with cardiometabolic risk phenotypes, although data in human participants are limited, indicating that additional research is required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NO CRD42021224975.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagam Anna Yehia
- are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kira Zhi Hua Lai
- are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhila Semnani-Azad
- with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,is with the Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline L Beaudry
- are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- are with the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,with the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,is with the Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Sadiya A, Jakapure V, Kumar V. Ethnic Variability in Glucose and Insulin Response to Rice Among Healthy Overweight Adults: A Randomized Cross-Over Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:993-1002. [PMID: 37063254 PMCID: PMC10101220 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s404212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of ethnicity on postprandial glucose and insulin responses has been reported earlier and rice is a major contributor to the overall glycaemic load of Asian and Arab diets. This study aims to compare postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to rice among healthy overweight Asian, Arab and European participants. METHODS In a randomized crossover design, 47 healthy overweight participants (23 Asian, 16 Arab, and 8 European) consumed 75 grams of glucose beverage or ate 270 grams of cooked basmati rice (75 g of available carbohydrate) on two separate occasions, separated by a one 1-week washout period. Blood glucose and insulin levels were determined at fasting 0 (fasting), 30, 60, and 120 minutes and used to determine the incremental area under the curve (iAUC). RESULTS The three groups were matched on body mass index and gender. Although no differences were noted statistically in most clinical features, a wide range of variation was noted in age, systolic, diastolic blood pressure. The fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were highest among Asians, followed by Arabs and Europeans (p < 0.01). According to the HOMA-IR test and the Matsuda index, Asians have a higher insulin resistance than Arabs or Europeans when consuming a glucose beverage (p < 0.001) and rice (p < 0.01). Postprandial glucose and insulin responses to glucose beverage did not differ between ethnic groups (p = 0.28; p = 0.10). Based on an unadjusted regression model, European participants had significantly lower iAUC-glucose (p = 0.02) and iAUC-insulin (p = 0.01) after rice consumption than Asian participants. In the adjusted model, the difference between the two groups remained for iAUC-insulin (p = 0.04) but not for iAUC-glucose (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION Our study found that ethnic differences exist among healthy overweight adults in terms of insulin resistance, glycaemic response and insulinaemic response to rice. As a result of their high insulin resistance, Asian participants had a higher postprandial insulin spike than Europeans after eating rice. These findings could have substantial implications for nutrition recommendations based on ethnicity, particularly for Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amena Sadiya
- Lifestyle Clinic, Rashid Centre for Diabetes and Research, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Ajman, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: Amena Sadiya, Rashid Centre for Diabetes and Research, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Ajman, PO Box-5166, Ajman, United Arab Emirates, Email
| | - Vidya Jakapure
- Research Department, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Ajman, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Ajman, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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36
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Wuni R, Ventura EF, Curi-Quinto K, Murray C, Nunes R, Lovegrove JA, Penny M, Favara M, Sanchez A, Vimaleswaran KS. Interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors on cardiometabolic disease-related outcomes in Latin American and Caribbean populations: A systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1067033. [PMID: 36776603 PMCID: PMC9909204 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1067033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases has increased in Latin American and the Caribbean populations (LACP). To identify gene-lifestyle interactions that modify the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in LACP, a systematic search using 11 search engines was conducted up to May 2022. Methods Eligible studies were observational and interventional studies in either English, Spanish, or Portuguese. A total of 26,171 publications were screened for title and abstract; of these, 101 potential studies were evaluated for eligibility, and 74 articles were included in this study following full-text screening and risk of bias assessment. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) and the Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) assessment tool were used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies. Results We identified 122 significant interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors on cardiometabolic traits and the vast majority of studies come from Brazil (29), Mexico (15) and Costa Rica (12) with FTO, APOE, and TCF7L2 being the most studied genes. The results of the gene-lifestyle interactions suggest effects which are population-, gender-, and ethnic-specific. Most of the gene-lifestyle interactions were conducted once, necessitating replication to reinforce these results. Discussion The findings of this review indicate that 27 out of 33 LACP have not conducted gene-lifestyle interaction studies and only five studies have been undertaken in low-socioeconomic settings. Most of the studies were cross-sectional, indicating a need for longitudinal/prospective studies. Future gene-lifestyle interaction studies will need to replicate primary research of already studied genetic variants to enable comparison, and to explore the interactions between genetic and other lifestyle factors such as those conditioned by socioeconomic factors and the built environment. The protocol has been registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42022308488. Systematic review registration https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier CRD420223 08488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramatu Wuni
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard F Ventura
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Claudia Murray
- Department of Real Estate and Planning, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Nunes
- Department of Real Estate and Planning, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Marta Favara
- Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Sanchez
- Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE), Lima, Peru
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Community Assessment for a Low-Carbohydrate Nutrition Education Program in South Africa. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010067. [PMID: 36615724 PMCID: PMC9824893 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eat Better South Africa (EBSA) is an organization that provides low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) nutrition and health education programs for women from under-resourced South African communities. Community assessments are essential to explore participants' potential facilitators and challenges of adhering to new dietary behaviours and should be implemented before any dietary interventions. This study is a qualitative community assessment to enable the EBSA program to better meet potential participants' needs and explore their willingness to enrol in the EBSA program. Sixty women from two communities in the Western Cape were interviewed through six focus group discussions. A thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo 12 software, and four themes were developed around the women's (1) role within the households; (2) dietary behaviour; (3) health perceptions; and (4) willingness to participate in an LCHF program. Women mentioned that they were responsible for cooking and shopping for their households. They expressed their understanding of healthy and unhealthy behaviours and their dietary patterns. Some women showed concerns about LCHF diets, but others wanted to learn more due to their knowledge of other people's positive experiences with the diet. There was a general desire to become healthy. However, the women anticipated dietary behaviour change to be challenging. Those challenges mostly revolved around their socioeconomic environments. The findings are intended to inform EBSA (or other nutrition interventions) on what to consider when implementing their interventions in these communities.
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Sugar Reduction Initiatives in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010055. [PMID: 36615712 PMCID: PMC9823488 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to identify and characterize existing national sugar reduction initiatives and strategies in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. For this purpose, a systematic review of published and grey literature was performed. A comprehensive list of search terms in the title/abstract/keyword fields was used to cover the four following concepts (1) sugar, (2) reduction OR intake, (3) policy and (4) EMR countries. A total of 162 peer-reviewed documents were identified, until the 2nd of August 2022. The key characteristics of the identified national strategies/initiatives included the average sugar intake of each country's population; sugar levels in food products/beverages; implementation strategies (taxation; elimination of subsidies; marketing regulation; reformulation; consumer education; labeling; interventions in public institution settings), as well as monitoring and evaluation of program impact. Twenty-one countries (95%) implemented at least one type of sugar reduction initiatives, the most common of which was consumer education (71%). The implemented fiscal policies included sugar subsidies' elimination (fourteen countries; 67%) and taxation (thirteen countries 62%). Thirteen countries (62%) have implemented interventions in public institution settings, compared to twelve and ten countries that implemented food product reformulation and marketing regulation initiatives, respectively. Food labeling was the least implemented sugar reduction initiative (nine countries). Monitoring activities were conducted by four countries only and impact evaluations were identified in only Iran and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Further action is needed to ensure that countries of the region strengthen their regulatory capacities and compliance monitoring of sugar reduction policy actions.
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Luo Y, Wang S. Urban living and chronic diseases in the presence of economic growth: Evidence from a long-term study in southeastern China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1042413. [PMID: 36600942 PMCID: PMC9806235 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1042413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-speed urban development has brought about an increase in per capita income in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as well as the high prevalence rate of chronic diseases. Based on a study of chronic diseases from 2011 to 2021 in southeastern China, we used multivariate adjusted logistic regression method to analyze the effect of urban living on the incidence of typical chronic diseases and the trend of such effect with the improvement of public healthcare system. We adopted potential mediating risk factors of urban lifestyles including body mass index (BMI), frequency of dining out, sedentary time, and psychological distress in the adjusted estimation. Baseline results indicate a positive relationship between living in urban areas and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Regarding the mediating factors, psychological distress had the highest positive coefficient (Cr) on type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension (Cr: 0.4881-0.7084), followed by BMI (Cr: 0.1042-0.1617) and frequency of dining out (Cr: 0.0311-0.0478), and finally, sedentary time (Cr: 0.0103-0.0147). However, regression results on the follow-up survey reveal that trend in the impact of living in urban areas on chronic disease diminished as the level of the healthcare system improved. Additionally, urban living was more positively correlated with the incidence of metabolic disease than with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Our findings provide empirical evidence that future urban health planning in LMICs should pay sustained attention to upgrading the level of public health infrastructure covering urban residents as well as rural-to-urban migrants, constructing a long-term dynamic system of chronic disease prevention and control, and regularly monitoring the mental health problems of residents in order to interrupt the process of urban chronic disease prevalence in an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Luo
- Department of Economics and Finance, School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sailan Wang
- Department of Physical Examination, Wuyishan Municipal Hospital, Wuyishan, China
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Nel JH, Steyn NP. The Nutrition Transition and the Double Burden of Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan African Countries: How Do These Countries Compare with the Recommended LANCET COMMISSION Global Diet? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16791. [PMID: 36554669 PMCID: PMC9779835 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last two decades, many sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have undergone dietary and nutrition transitions fuelled by rapid urbanisation, economic development, and globalisation. The aim of the current study was to examine outcomes of the nutrition transition and the epidemiologic transition in SSA countries in terms of food intake, health, and socioeconomic and development factors. METHODS Food balance sheet data-specifically, per capita energy intake per day and per capita gram intake per day-from the CountrySTAT framework of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) were analysed for major food commodities. Additionally, selected health and development indicators supplied by UNICEF, the WHO and the World Bank were analysed. RESULTS Four dietary patterns emerged. The diet of the southern African/island cluster (South Africa, Mauritius, Eswatini, Namibia, Cabo Verde, and the outlier Seychelles) resembles a Westernised diet, with median values high on sugar/sweeteners, alcohol, meat, animal fats, eggs, and dairy. On the other hand, the diet of countries in the other three clusters appears to be more traditional, with countries in the desert/semi-arid cluster consuming more cereals and pulses/tree nuts, countries in the tropical coastal cluster consuming more fish and vegetable oils, and countries in the equatorial cluster consuming more starchy roots and fruit and vegetables. The resulting median values of health indicators also indicate a higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases in the southern African/island cluster, whereas stunting and anaemia are higher in the other three clusters. CONCLUSIONS SSA countries are in different stages of the nutrition transition. By superimposing clusters generated using macronutrient intake values on a map of the climatic regions in Africa, one can clearly see the importance of climate on the availability of food and food intake patterns. Climate change presents a great challenge to healthy eating, as the link between climate regions and diets is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna H. Nel
- Department of Logistics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Nelia P. Steyn
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Anatomy Building, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Liman PB, Anastasya KS, Salma NM, Yenny Y, Faradilla MA. Research Trends in Advanced Glycation End Products and Obesity: Bibliometric Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245255. [PMID: 36558414 PMCID: PMC9783605 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the scientific articles on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and obesity. English-language journal articles about AGEs and obesity were retrieved from the Scopus database. The OpenRefine application was used for data cleaning, the VOSviewer software program for analysis of the trends of year of publication, country, institution, journal, authors, references, and keywords. Microsoft Excel and Tableau Public were applied for the visualizing of the publication trends. Data collection was performed on 3 February 2022, from a total of 1170 documents. The Mann−Whitney test and Spearman test with software SPSS ver.28.0.1.1. were used to assess the relation between open access journal statuses, years of publications, and CiteScore. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in studies on processed foods, including AGEs and obesity. The United States was the country with the largest contribution in this field, with the highest number of citations. The Nutrients journal published the largest number of articles on this topic, particularly in the last two years. The present focus of the studies is on ultra-processed foods. The open access journals have younger medians of the year of publication and higher medians for number of citations than do closed access journals (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). A strong negative association was seen between CiteScore and the year of publication (r = −0.64 [95% CI: −0.67, −0.60]), p < 0.001. We present this bibliometric analysis to furnish the most recent data on the description, visualization, and analysis of AGEs and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Budihartanti Liman
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
- Nutrition Study Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
- Ciputra Hospital Tangerang, Tangerang 15710, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Karina Shasri Anastasya
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Maudy Salma
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - Yenny Yenny
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - Meutia Atika Faradilla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
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Huse O, Reeve E, Bell C, Sacks G, Baker P, Wood B, Backholer K. Strategies used by the soft drink industry to grow and sustain sales: a case-study of The Coca-Cola Company in East Asia. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-010386. [PMID: 36593644 PMCID: PMC9730366 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The market and non-market activities of the food and beverage industry contribute to unhealthy and unsustainable dietary patterns, increasingly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to describe how The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC), as the world market leader in the sugar-sweetened beverage sector, operationalises their activities in LMICs in East Asia, among the world's most highly populated yet under-researched countries, to illustrate the ways in which these activities may negatively influence health outcomes. METHODS We adopted a theoretically-guided qualitative research design and documentary analysis method. Data sources included: industry documents and web pages, marketing case studies obtained from the World Advertising Research Centre, media reports, global trade summaries and websites of industry associations. To guide data analysis, we synthesised a conceptual framework from existing commercial determinants of health literature, to describe ways in which the market and non-market activities of TCCC influence health. RESULTS TCCC leverages subsidiary companies and investments in international networks to expand its supply chains. The company engages in frequent political activities to minimise the implementation of nutrition policies that may impact profits. The company markets products, particularly on digital and mobile devices, often targeting children, adolescents and mothers, and undertakes public relations activities related to human rights, environmental sustainability and community and economic supports, and these public relations activities are often integrated into marketing campaigns. The identified activities of TCCC are frequently in direct contrast to efforts to improve the healthfulness of population diets in East Asia LMICs. CONCLUSIONS A public health analysis of the market and non-market activities of corporations active in unhealthy commodity industries needs to be broad in scope to cover the diverse set of strategies used to increase their market power and influence. Governments should consider a suite of policy options to attenuate these commercial determinants of unhealthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Huse
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica Reeve
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin Bell
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillip Baker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Wood
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Tumas N, Rodríguez López S, Mazariegos M, Ortigoza A, Anza Ramírez C, Pérez Ferrer C, Moore K, Yamada G, Menezes MC, Sarmiento OL, Pericàs JM, Belvis Costes F, Lazo M, Benach J. Are Women's Empowerment and Income Inequality Associated with Excess Weight in Latin American Cities? J Urban Health 2022; 99:1091-1103. [PMID: 36357625 PMCID: PMC7613896 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
While income gradients and gender inequalities in excess weight have been noted elsewhere, data from Latin American cities is lacking. We analyzed gender-specific associations between city-level women's empowerment and income inequality with individual-level overweight/obesity, assessing how these associations vary by individual education or living conditions within cities in Latin America. Data came from national surveys and censuses, and was compiled by the SALURBAL project (Urban Health in Latin America). The sample included 79,422 individuals (58.0% women), living in 538 sub-cities, 187 cities, and 8 countries. We used gender-stratified Poisson multilevel models to estimate the Prevalence Rate Ratios (PRR) for overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) per a unit change in city-level women's empowerment (proxied by a score that measures gender inequalities in employment and education) and income inequality (proxied by income-based Gini coefficient). We also tested whether individual education or sub-city living conditions modified such associations. Higher city labor women's empowerment (in women) and higher city Gini coefficient (in men) were associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity (PRR = 0.97 (95%CI 0.94, 0.99) and PRR = 0.94 (95%CI 0.90, 0.97), respectively). The associations varied by individual education and sub-city living conditions. For labor women's empowerment, we observed weakened associations towards the null effect in women with lower education and in residents of sub-cities with worse living conditions (men and women). For the Gini coefficient, the association was stronger among men with primary education, and a negative association was observed in women with primary education. Our findings highlight the need for promoting equity-based policies and interventions to tackle the high prevalence of excess weight in Latin American cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tumas
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. .,Johns Hopkins University - Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Santiago Rodríguez López
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mónica Mazariegos
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Ana Ortigoza
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Cecilia Anza Ramírez
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Kari Moore
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Goro Yamada
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - Juan M Pericàs
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Johns Hopkins University - Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Belvis Costes
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Johns Hopkins University - Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Joan Benach
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Johns Hopkins University - Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Ecological Humanities Research Group (GHECO), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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The effects of safety certification and nutrition messaging on the demand for nutritionally enhanced food in urban Ethiopia. Food Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-022-01327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicronutrient deficiency is among the most significant public health problems in Ethiopia. In this setting, food fortification has been identified as a cost-effective and sustainable strategy to deliver essential micronutrients. Safety certification and nutrition education messages can be used to nudge people to choose fortified foods. However, there is little evidence as to the effectiveness of such interventions in this context. This paper aims to fill this gap. We focus on cooking oil, as it has been identified as an ideal candidate for vitamin A fortification in Ethiopia. To study consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for safety certification and vitamin A fortification, we implemented a stated choice experiment on 996 randomly selected urban consumers to reveal preferences required to calculate WTP. To estimate the causal effect of messages on consumers’ WTP for fortification, a nutrition message on the benefits of vitamin A was provided to 518 randomly selected participants. We found that consumers valued safety certification. This finding holds for certification issued by both government and private parties, with a higher value ascribed to the former. We also found that urban consumers were willing to pay a premium for vitamin A fortification. The nutrition message increased WTP for fortification, albeit only slightly. Finally, we found that the effect of safety certification on consumers’ WTP for fortified cooking oil was higher than its effect on WTP for non-fortified oil, indicating that urban consumers value certification even more when fortification is involved.
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Dean JA, Gallo S, Anderson AK. Factors associated with dietary acculturation among international students at the University of Georgia. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36328801 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2138716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Western diet is associated with chronic disease risk, and degree of dietary acculturation can impact susceptibility. This study sought to understand the factors associated with changes in food consumption habits among international students at a large public university in the southern US. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 173 international students representing 41 countries at The University of Georgia participated in the survey. METHODS This cross-sectional online survey assessed dietary habits, perception of healthy eating, and level of acculturation using previously validated measures. RESULTS Highest number of participants were from China (19.2%), 89.0% were graduate students with an average age of 27.5 ± 4.83 years. The majority (62.0%) of participants were dietary acculturated with affordability and accessibility determining types of food consumption, as fewer whole foods and more processed foods were consumed in the U.S. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest dietary acculturation may be driven by economic factors, making the transition to Westernized food items a convenient and cost-effective choice among international students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Dean
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sina Gallo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alex K Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Diabetes in Chinese Adults-Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204241. [PMID: 36296925 PMCID: PMC9609918 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to assess the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with diabetes in Chinese adults. Methods: This study included 12,849 eligible adults aged 20 years and over attending at least two surveys in the China Nutrition and Health Survey during 1997−2011. Food intake at each survey was assessed by a 3-day 24-h dietary recall method. UPF was defined based on the NOVA classification. Diabetes was obtained from questionnaires and/or ascertained by fasting blood tests. The association of diabetes with UPF was examined using mix effect logistic regression adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.3 (SD 14.8) years. The age and gender adjusted mean UPF intake increased four times and the prevalence of diabetes increased eight times in 1997−2011. Compared with non-consumers, the odds ratios (95% CI) of diabetes for those with mean UPF consumption of 1−19 g/day, 20−49 g/day, and ≥50 g/day were 1.21 (0.98, 1.48), 1.49 (1.19, 1.86), and 1.40 (1.08, 1.80), respectively (p trend < 0.001) after adjusted for the measured covariates including lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity), BMI and hypertension. Conclusions: both UPF consumption and prevalence of diabetes increased among adults in China during 1997−2011. Higher UPF consumption was positively associated with diabetes.
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Meléndez-Salcido CG, Ramírez-Emiliano J, Pérez-Vázquez V. Hypercaloric Diet Promotes Metabolic Disorders and Impaired Kidney Function. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3127-3139. [PMID: 36278446 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221020162955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Poor dietary habits such as overconsumption of hypercaloric diets characterized by a high content of fructose and fat are related to metabolic abnormalities development such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that if energy intake gradually exceeds the body's ability to store fat in adipose tissue, the prolonged metabolic imbalance of circulating lipids from endogenous and exogenous sources leads to ectopic fat distribution in the peripheral organs, especially in the heart, liver, and kidney. The kidney is easily affected by dyslipidemia, which induces lipid accumulation and reflects an imbalance between fatty acid supply and fatty acid utilization. This derives from tissue lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation, resulting in structural and functional changes that lead to glomerular and tubule-interstitial damage. Some authors indicate that a lipid-lowering pharmacological approach combined with a substantial lifestyle change should be considered to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD). Also, the new therapeutic target identification and the development of new drugs targeting metabolic pathways involved with kidney lipotoxicity could constitute an additional alternative to combat the complex mechanisms involved in impaired kidney function. In this review article, we first provide the pathophysiological evidence regarding the impact of hypercaloric diets, such as high-fat diets and high-fructose diets, on the development of metabolic disorders associated with impaired renal function and the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue lipid deposition. In addition, we present the current progress regarding translational strategies to prevent and/or treat kidney injury related to the consumption of hypercaloric diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gabriela Meléndez-Salcido
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, 20 de enero, 929 Col. Obregón CP 37320. León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Joel Ramírez-Emiliano
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, 20 de enero, 929 Col. Obregón CP 37320. León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Victoriano Pérez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, 20 de enero, 929 Col. Obregón CP 37320. León, Guanajuato, México
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Cyr-Scully A, Howard AG, Sanzone E, Meyer KA, Du S, Zhang B, Wang H, Gordon-Larsen P. Characterizing the urban diet: development of an urbanized diet index. Nutr J 2022; 21:55. [PMID: 36085037 PMCID: PMC9463720 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent decades China has experienced rapid urbanization leading to a major nutrition transition, with increased refined carbohydrates, added sweeteners, edible oils, and animal-source foods, and reduced legumes, vegetables, and fruits. These changes have accompanied increased prevalence of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). There is no single dietary measure that summarizes the distinct food changes across regions and levels of urbanization. Methods Using a sample of adults (≥18 years) in the 2015 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS; n = 14,024), we selected literature-based candidate dietary variables and tested their univariate associations with overall and within-region urbanization. Using iterative exclusion of select diet-related variables, we created six potential urbanized diet indices, which we examined relative to overall urbanization to select a final urbanized diet index based on a priori considerations, strength of association with urbanization, and minimal missingness. We tested stability of the final urbanized diet index across sociodemographic factors. To examine whether our new measure reflected health risk, we used mixed effects logistic regression models to examine associations between the final urbanized diet index and CMD risk factors – hypertension (HTN), overweight, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), adjusting for sociodemographics, overall urbanization, physical activity, and including random intercepts to account for correlation at community and household level. Results We identified a final urbanized diet index that captured dietary information unique to consumption of an urbanized diet and performed well across regions. We found a positive association (R2 = 0.17, 0.01 SE) between the final urbanized diet index and overall urbanization in the fully adjusted model. The new measure was negatively associated with HTN [OR (95% CI) = 0.93 (0.88–0.99)] and positively associated with T2D [OR = 1.13; 1.05–1.21] in minimally adjusted models, but not in the fully adjusted models. Conclusion We derived an urbanized diet index that captured dietary urbanization that was distinct from overall urbanization and performed well across all regions of China. This urbanized diet index provides an alternative to measures of traditional versus urbanized diet that vary across regions due to different cultural dietary traditions. In addition, the new measure is best used in combination with diet quality measures, sociodemographic, and lifestyle measures to examine distinct pathways from urbanization to health in urbanizing countries. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-022-00807-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cyr-Scully
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin Street, CB #8120, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA. .,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin Street, CB #8120, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
| | - Erin Sanzone
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katie A Meyer
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin Street, CB #8120, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin Street, CB #8120, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
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49
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Vincens N, Persson Waye K. Railway noise and diabetes among residents living close to the railways in Västra Götaland, Sweden: Cross-sectional mediation analysis on obesity indicators. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113477. [PMID: 35588775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Railway noise is expected to increase in Europe and Sweden as well, following recommendations for a more sustainable transportation mode. This forecasted increase might lead to higher level of noise exposure, higher population exposure and potentially increased night-time exposure. Evidence supports an effect of transportation noise on several health outcomes, including metabolic conditions such as diabetes. However, few studies were directed to railway noise; present studies on railway noise and diabetes so far show ambiguous results while some studies report an association between railway noise and obesity. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between railway noise and diabetes prevalence and to assess whether obesity might be a mediator in this association. The study population (N = 5381) was randomly selected from residents living within 1 km of a trafficked railway in Västra Götaland, Sweden. Survey data was combined with modelled exposures and health register data (ICD10 codes for diabetes). The study uses a cross sectional design, logistic regression analysis and a counterfactual mediation analysis. We found an increase in the prevalence of diabetes associated with the exposure to railway noise: OR = 1.33 per 10 dB increase Lden (95% CI 1.09-1.63) accounting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. BMI and waist circumference partially mediate the association between railway noise and diabetes. This is the first study to report an association between railway noise and diabetes in Sweden. BMI and waist circumference seem to be a potential mediators in this association. Still, future studies should further explore the mechanisms from noise to diabetes, considering different pathways in relation to obesity but also exploring other potential mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vincens
- Sound Environment and Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kerstin Persson Waye
- Sound Environment and Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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50
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Flood D, Geldsetzer P, Agoudavi K, Aryal KK, Brant LCC, Brian G, Dorobantu M, Farzadfar F, Gheorghe-Fronea O, Gurung MS, Guwatudde D, Houehanou C, Jorgensen JMA, Kondal D, Labadarios D, Marcus ME, Mayige M, Moghimi M, Norov B, Perman G, Quesnel-Crooks S, Rashidi MM, Moghaddam SS, Seiglie JA, Bahendeka SK, Steinbrook E, Theilmann M, Ware LJ, Vollmer S, Atun R, Davies JI, Ali MK, Rohloff P, Manne-Goehler J. Rural-Urban Differences in Diabetes Care and Control in 42 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-sectional Study of Nationally Representative Individual-Level Data. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1961-1970. [PMID: 35771765 PMCID: PMC9472489 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes prevalence is increasing rapidly in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but there are limited data on the performance of health systems in delivering equitable and effective care to rural populations. We therefore assessed rural-urban differences in diabetes care and control in LMICs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We pooled individual-level data from nationally representative health surveys in 42 countries. We used Poisson regression models to estimate age-adjusted differences in the proportion of individuals with diabetes in rural versus urban areas achieving performance measures for the diagnosis, treatment, and control of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors. We examined differences across the pooled sample, by sex, and by country. RESULTS The pooled sample from 42 countries included 840,110 individuals (35,404 with diabetes). Compared with urban populations with diabetes, rural populations had ∼15-30% lower relative risk of achieving performance measures for diabetes diagnosis and treatment. Rural populations with diagnosed diabetes had a 14% (95% CI 5-22%) lower relative risk of glycemic control, 6% (95% CI -5 to 16%) lower relative risk of blood pressure control, and 23% (95% CI 2-39%) lower relative risk of cholesterol control. Rural women with diabetes had lower achievement of performance measures relating to control than urban women, whereas among men, differences were small. CONCLUSIONS Rural populations with diabetes experience substantial inequities in the achievement of diabetes performance measures in LMICs. Programs and policies aiming to strengthen global diabetes care must consider the unique challenges experienced by rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Flood
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu’ Kawoq, Tecpán, Guatemala
- Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Pascal Geldsetzer
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Krishna K. Aryal
- Public Health Promotion and Development Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Garry Brian
- The Fred Hollows Foundation New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maria Dorobantu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oana Gheorghe-Fronea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - David Guwatudde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Corine Houehanou
- Laboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Dimple Kondal
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Demetre Labadarios
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Maja E. Marcus
- Department of Economics and Centre for Modern Indian Studies, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mary Mayige
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mana Moghimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bolormaa Norov
- Division of Nutrition, National Center for Public Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gastón Perman
- Department of Public Health, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sarah Quesnel-Crooks
- Non-Communicable Diseases, Caribbean Public Health Agency, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Silver K. Bahendeka
- Saint Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Michaela Theilmann
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University and University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa J. Ware
- South African Medical Research Council–Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation–National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sebastian Vollmer
- Department of Economics and Centre for Modern Indian Studies, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rifat Atun
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Justine I. Davies
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre for Global Surgery, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mohammed K. Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Peter Rohloff
- Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu’ Kawoq, Tecpán, Guatemala
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Manne-Goehler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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