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Fuyuki A, Sohel MSH, Homma T, Kitamura K, Takashima S, Onouchi S, Saito S. Selective prosaposin expression in Langerhans islets of the mouse pancreas. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102367. [PMID: 38537378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans are clusters of endocrine cells surrounded by exocrine acinar cells in the pancreas. Prosaposin is a housekeeping protein required for normal lysosomal function, but its expression level is significantly different among tissues. Prosaposin also exists in various body fluids including serum. Intracellularly, prosaposin activates lysosomes and may support autophagy, and extracellularly, prosaposin promotes survival of neurons via G protein-coupled receptors. In this study, prosaposin and its mRNA expression were examined in endocrine cells of the islets as well as in exocrine acinar cells in the pancreas of mice by in situ hybridization and immunostaining. High expression levels of prosaposin were found in Alpha, Beta and Delta cells in the islets, whereas prosaposin mRNA expression was faint or negative and prosaposin immunoreactivity was negative in exocrine acinar cells. The high expression levels of prosaposin in endocrine cells may indicate that prosaposin plays a crucial role in crinophagy, which is a characteristic autophagy in peptide-secreting endocrine cells, and/or that prosaposin is secreted from pancreatic islets. Since prosaposin has been reported in serum, this study suggests a new possible function of the Langerhans islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Fuyuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Md Shahriar Hasan Sohel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takeshi Homma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kai Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sawa Onouchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shouichiro Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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2
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Borgmann D, Fenselau H. Vagal pathways for systemic regulation of glucose metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:244-252. [PMID: 37500301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining blood glucose at an appropriate physiological level requires precise coordination of multiple organs and tissues. The vagus nerve bidirectionally connects the central nervous system with peripheral organs crucial to glucose mobilization, nutrient storage, and food absorption, thereby presenting a key pathway for the central control of blood glucose levels. However, the precise mechanisms by which vagal populations that target discrete tissues participate in glucoregulation are much less clear. Here we review recent advances unraveling the cellular identity, neuroanatomical organization, and functional contributions of both vagal efferents and vagal afferents in the control of systemic glucose metabolism. We focus on their involvement in relaying glucoregulatory cues from the brain to peripheral tissues, particularly the pancreatic islet, and by sensing and transmitting incoming signals from ingested food to the brain. These recent findings - largely driven by advances in viral approaches, RNA sequencing, and cell-type selective manipulations and tracings - have begun to clarify the precise vagal neuron populations involved in the central coordination of glucose levels, and raise interesting new possibilities for the treatment of glucose metabolism disorders such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diba Borgmann
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Cologne 50931, Germany.
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3
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Ren W, Hua M, Cao F, Zeng W. The Sympathetic-Immune Milieu in Metabolic Health and Diseases: Insights from Pancreas, Liver, Intestine, and Adipose Tissues. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306128. [PMID: 38039489 PMCID: PMC10885671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic innervation plays a crucial role in maintaining energy balance and contributes to metabolic pathophysiology. Recent evidence has begun to uncover the innervation landscape of sympathetic projections and sheds light on their important functions in metabolic activities. Additionally, the immune system has long been studied for its essential roles in metabolic health and diseases. In this review, the aim is to provide an overview of the current research progress on the sympathetic regulation of key metabolic organs, including the pancreas, liver, intestine, and adipose tissues. In particular, efforts are made to highlight the critical roles of the peripheral nervous system and its potential interplay with immune components. Overall, it is hoped to underscore the importance of studying metabolic organs from a comprehensive and interconnected perspective, which will provide valuable insights into the complex mechanisms underlying metabolic regulation and may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Ren
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
| | - Meng Hua
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhou563000China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology and School of MedicineTsinghua Universityand Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
- SXMU‐Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier MedicineTaiyuan030001China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic DiseasesBeijing100084China
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4
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Sepyani S, Momenzadeh S, Safabakhsh S, Nedaeinia R, Salehi R. Therapeutic approaches for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising cell-based approaches to achieve ultimate success. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:23-33. [PMID: 37977308 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by pancreatic β-cells destruction. Despite substantial advances in T1DM treatment, lifelong exogenous insulin administration is the mainstay of treatments, and constant control of glucose levels is still a challenge. Endogenous insulin production by replacing insulin-producing cells is an alternative, but the lack of suitable donors is accounted as one of the main obstacles to its widespread application. The research and trials overview demonstrates that endogenous production of insulin has started to go beyond the deceased-derived to stem cells-derived insulin-producing cells. Several protocols have been developed over the past couple of years for generating insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from various stem cell types and reprogramming fully differentiated cells. A straightforward and quick method for achieving this goal is to investigate and apply the β-cell specific transcription factors as a direct strategy for IPCs generation. In this review, we emphasize the significance of transcription factors in IPCs development from different non-beta cell sources, and pertinent research underlies the marked progress in the methods for generating insulin-producing cells and application for Type 1 Diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sepyani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Momenzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saied Safabakhsh
- Micronesian Institute for Disease Prevention and Research, 736 Route 4, Suite 103, Sinajana, GU 96910, United States
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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5
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Szkudelski T, Szkudelska K. The Anti-Diabetic Potential of Baicalin: Evidence from Rodent Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:431. [PMID: 38203600 PMCID: PMC10779254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is a biologically active flavonoid compound that benefits the organism in various pathological conditions. Rodent studies have shown that this compound effectively alleviates diabetes-related disturbances in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Baicalin supplementation limited hyperglycemia and improved insulin sensitivity. The anti-diabetic effects of baicalin covered the main insulin-sensitive tissues, i.e., the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, and the liver. In the muscle tissue, baicalin limited lipid accumulation and improved glucose transport. Baicalin therapy was associated with diminished adipose tissue content and increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Hepatic lipid accumulation and glucose output were also decreased as a result of baicalin supplementation. The molecular mechanism of the anti-diabetic action of this compound is pleiotropic and is associated with changes in the expression/action of pivotal enzymes and signaling molecules. Baicalin positively affected, among others, the tissue insulin receptor, glucose transporter, AMP-activated protein kinase, protein kinase B, carnitine palmitoyltransferase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase. Moreover, this compound ameliorated diabetes-related oxidative and inflammatory stress and reduced epigenetic modifications. Importantly, baicalin supplementation at the effective doses did not induce any side effects. Results of rodent studies imply that baicalin may be tested as an anti-diabetic agent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szkudelski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
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6
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Kawana Y, Imai J, Morizawa YM, Ikoma Y, Kohata M, Komamura H, Sato T, Izumi T, Yamamoto J, Endo A, Sugawara H, Kubo H, Hosaka S, Munakata Y, Asai Y, Kodama S, Takahashi K, Kaneko K, Sawada S, Yamada T, Ito A, Niizuma K, Tominaga T, Yamanaka A, Matsui K, Katagiri H. Optogenetic stimulation of vagal nerves for enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β cell proliferation. Nat Biomed Eng 2023:10.1038/s41551-023-01113-2. [PMID: 37945752 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of insulin secretion and of the proliferation of pancreatic β cells are promising therapeutic options for diabetes. Signals from the vagal nerve regulate both processes, yet the effectiveness of stimulating the nerve is unclear, owing to a lack of techniques for doing it so selectively and prolongedly. Here we report two optogenetic methods for vagal-nerve stimulation that led to enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and to β cell proliferation in mice expressing choline acetyltransferase-channelrhodopsin 2. One method involves subdiaphragmatic implantation of an optical fibre for the photostimulation of cholinergic neurons expressing a blue-light-sensitive opsin. The other method, which suppressed streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia in the mice, involves the selective activation of vagal fibres by placing blue-light-emitting lanthanide microparticles in the pancreatic ducts of opsin-expressing mice, followed by near-infrared illumination. The two methods show that signals from the vagal nerve, especially from nerve fibres innervating the pancreas, are sufficient to regulate insulin secretion and β cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kawana
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junta Imai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yosuke M Morizawa
- Super-network Brain Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikoma
- Super-network Brain Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Kohata
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Komamura
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohito Izumi
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamamoto
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Endo
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroto Sugawara
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haremaru Kubo
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuichiro Munakata
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Asai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kodama
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keizo Kaneko
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ko Matsui
- Super-network Brain Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Katagiri
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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7
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Vijayakumar V, Mavathur R, Kannan S, Sharma MNK, Raguram N, Kuppusamy M. Effect of yoga on reducing glycaemic variability in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2023; 49:101457. [PMID: 37301320 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2023.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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8
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Hall LG, Thyfault JP, Johnson JD. Exercise and inactivity as modifiers of β cell function and type 2 diabetes risk. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:823-839. [PMID: 36759159 PMCID: PMC10042613 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and regular physical activity are beneficial for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas exercise cessation, defined as deconditioning from regular exercise or physical activity that has lasted for a period of months to years, can lead to metabolic derangements that drive disease. Adaptations to the insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are an important benefit of exercise, whereas less is known about how exercise cessation affects these cells. Our aim is to review the impact that exercise and exercise cessation have on β-cell function, with a focus on the evidence from studies examining glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) using gold-standard techniques. Potential mechanisms by which the β-cell adapts to exercise, including exerkine and incretin signaling, autonomic nervous system signaling, and changes in insulin clearance, will also be explored. We will highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam G Hall
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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9
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Wulf MJ, Tom VJ. Consequences of spinal cord injury on the sympathetic nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:999253. [PMID: 36925966 PMCID: PMC10011113 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.999253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) damages multiple structures at the lesion site, including ascending, descending, and propriospinal axons; interrupting the conduction of information up and down the spinal cord. Additionally, axons associated with the autonomic nervous system that control involuntary physiological functions course through the spinal cord. Moreover, sympathetic, and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons reside in the spinal cord. Thus, depending on the level of an SCI, autonomic function can be greatly impacted by the trauma resulting in dysfunction of various organs. For example, SCI can lead to dysregulation of a variety of organs, such as the pineal gland, the heart and vasculature, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and bladder. Indeed, it is becoming more apparent that many disorders that negatively affect quality-of-life for SCI individuals have a basis in dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Here, we will review how SCI impacts the sympathetic nervous system and how that negatively impacts target organs that receive sympathetic innervation. A deeper understanding of this may offer potential therapeutic insight into how to improve health and quality-of-life for those living with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica J. Tom
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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10
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Freyberg Z, Gittes GK. Roles of Pancreatic Islet Catecholamine Neurotransmitters in Glycemic Control and in Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Dysglycemia. Diabetes 2023; 72:3-15. [PMID: 36538602 PMCID: PMC9797319 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are essential for a myriad of functions throughout the central nervous system, including metabolic regulation. These molecules are also present in the pancreas, and their study may shed light on the effects of peripheral neurotransmission on glycemic control. Though sympathetic innervation to islets provides NE that signals at local α-cell and β-cell adrenergic receptors to modify hormone secretion, α-cells and β-cells also synthesize catecholamines locally. We propose a model where α-cells and β-cells take up catecholamine precursors in response to postprandial availability, preferentially synthesizing DA. The newly synthesized DA signals in an autocrine/paracrine manner to regulate insulin and glucagon secretion and maintain glycemic control. This enables islets to couple local catecholamine signaling to changes in nutritional state. We also contend that the DA receptors expressed by α-cells and β-cells are targeted by antipsychotic drugs (APDs)-some of the most widely prescribed medications today. Blockade of local DA signaling contributes significantly to APD-induced dysglycemia, a major contributor to treatment discontinuation and development of diabetes. Thus, elucidating the peripheral actions of catecholamines will provide new insights into the regulation of metabolic pathways and may lead to novel, more effective strategies to tune metabolism and treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - George K. Gittes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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11
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Gola M, Sejda A, Godlewski J, Cieślak M, Starzyńska A. Neural Component of the Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5246. [PMID: 36358664 PMCID: PMC9657005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive primary malignancy of the pancreas, with a dismal prognosis and limited treatment options. It possesses a unique tumor microenvironment (TME), generating dense stroma with complex elements cross-talking with each other to promote tumor growth and progression. Diversified neural components makes for not having a full understanding of their influence on its aggressive behavior. The aim of the study was to summarize and integrate the role of nerves in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. The role of autonomic nerve fibers on PDAC development has been recently studied, which resulted in considering the targeting of sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways as a novel treatment opportunity. Perineural invasion (PNI) is commonly found in PDAC. As the severity of the PNI correlates with a poorer prognosis, new quantification of this phenomenon, distinguishing between perineural and endoneural invasion, could feature in routine pathological examination. The concepts of cancer-related neurogenesis and axonogenesis in PDAC are understudied; so, further research in this field may be warranted. A better understanding of the interdependence between the neural component and cancer cells in the PDAC microenvironment could bring new nerve-oriented treatment options into clinical practice and improve outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. In this review, we aim to summarize and integrate the current state of knowledge and future challenges concerning nerve-cancer interactions in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gola
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 18 Żołnierska Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Janusz Godlewski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Cieślak
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 18 Żołnierska Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Starzyńska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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12
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Proteomic Profiling of Intra-Islet Features Reveals Substructure-Specific Protein Signatures. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100426. [PMID: 36244662 PMCID: PMC9706166 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their diminutive size, islets of Langerhans play a large role in maintaining systemic energy balance in the body. New technologies have enabled us to go from studying the whole pancreas to isolated whole islets, to partial islet sections, and now to islet substructures isolated from within the islet. Using a microfluidic nanodroplet-based proteomics platform coupled with laser capture microdissection and field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry, we present an in-depth investigation of protein profiles specific to features within the islet. These features include the islet-acinar interface vascular tissue, inner islet vasculature, isolated endocrine cells, whole islet with vasculature, and acinar tissue from around the islet. Compared to interface vasculature, unique protein signatures observed in the inner vasculature indicate increased innervation and intra-islet neuron-like crosstalk. We also demonstrate the utility of these data for identifying localized structure-specific drug-target interactions using existing protein/drug binding databases.
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13
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Laws KM, Bashaw GJ. Diverse roles for axon guidance pathways in adult tissue architecture and function. NATURAL SCIENCES (WEINHEIM, GERMANY) 2022; 2:e20220021. [PMID: 37456985 PMCID: PMC10346896 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Classical axon guidance ligands and their neuronal receptors were first identified due to their fundamental roles in regulating connectivity in the developing nervous system. Since their initial discovery, it has become clear that these signaling molecules play important roles in the development of a broad array of tissue and organ systems across phylogeny. In addition to these diverse developmental roles, there is a growing appreciation that guidance signaling pathways have important functions in adult organisms, including the regulation of tissue integrity and homeostasis. These roles in adult organisms include both tissue-intrinsic activities of guidance molecules, as well as systemic effects on tissue maintenance and function mediated by the nervous and vascular systems. While many of these adult functions depend on mechanisms that mirror developmental activities, such as regulating adhesion and cell motility, there are also examples of adult roles that may reflect signaling activities that are distinct from known developmental mechanisms, including the contributions of guidance signaling pathways to lineage commitment in the intestinal epithelium and bone remodeling in vertebrates. In this review, we highlight studies of guidance receptors and their ligands in adult tissues outside of the nervous system, focusing on in vivo experimental contexts. Together, these studies lay the groundwork for future investigation into the conserved and tissue-specific mechanisms of guidance receptor signaling in adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M. Laws
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Current address: Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005, USA
| | - Greg J. Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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14
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Li ZA, Cho JH, Woodhams LG, Hughes JW. Fluorescence imaging of beta cell primary cilia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1004136. [PMID: 36213262 PMCID: PMC9540379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1004136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are slender cell-surface organelles that project into the intercellular space. In pancreatic beta cells, primary cilia coordinate a variety of cell responses including GPCR signaling, calcium influx, and insulin secretion, along with likely many underappreciated roles in islet development and differentiation. To study cilia function in islet biology, direct visualization of primary cilia by microscopic methods is often a necessary first step. Ciliary abundance, distribution, and morphology are heterogeneous among islet cells and are best visualized by fluorescence microscopy, the tools for which are readily accessible to most researchers. Here we present a collection of fluorescence imaging methods that we have adopted and optimized for the observation of primary cilia in mouse and human islets. These include conventional confocal microscopy using fixed islets and pancreas sections, live-cell imaging with cilia-targeted biosensors and probes, cilia motion recordings, and quantitative analysis of primary cilia waveform in the ex vivo environment. We discuss practical considerations and limitations of our approaches as well as new tools on the horizon to facilitate the observation of primary cilia in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng A. Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jung Hoon Cho
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Louis G. Woodhams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jing W. Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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15
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Keller BN, Randall PA, Arnold AC, Browning KN, Silberman Y. Ethanol Inhibits Pancreatic Projecting Neurons in the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus. Brain Res Bull 2022; 189:121-129. [PMID: 35998791 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a rapidly growing concern in the United States. Current trending escalations of alcohol use are associated with a concurrent rise in alcohol-related end-organ damage, increasing risk for further diseases. Alcohol-related end-organ damage can be driven by autonomic nervous system dysfunction, however studies on alcohol effects on autonomic control of end-organ function are lacking. Alcohol intake has been shown to reduce insulin secretions from the pancreas. Pancreatic insulin release is controlled in part by preganglionic parasympathetic motor neurons residing in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) that project to the pancreas. How these neurons are affected by alcohol exposure has not been directly examined. Here we investigated the effects of acute ethanol (EtOH) application on DMV pancreatic-projecting neurons with whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. We found that bath application of EtOH (50mM) for greater than 30minutes significantly enhanced the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory post synaptic current (sIPSC) events of DMV pancreatic-projecting neurons suggesting a presynaptic mechanism of EtOH to increase GABAergic transmission. Thirty-minute EtOH application also decreased action potential firing of these neurons. Pretreatment of DMV slices with 20μM fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, also increased GABAergic transmission and decreased action potential firing of these DMV neurons while occluding any further effects of EtOH application, suggesting a critical role for serotonin in mediating EtOH effects in the DMV. Ultimately, decreased DMV motor output may lead to alterations in pancreatic secretions. Further studies are needed to fully understand EtOH's influence on DMV neurons as well as the consequences of changes in parasympathetic output to the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey N Keller
- Departments of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine,HersheyPA
| | - Patrick A Randall
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Penn State College of Medicine,HersheyPA; Departments of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Amy C Arnold
- Departments of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine,HersheyPA
| | - Kirsteen N Browning
- Departments of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine,HersheyPA
| | - Yuval Silberman
- Departments of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine,HersheyPA.
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16
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Hampton RF, Jimenez-Gonzalez M, Stanley SA. Unravelling innervation of pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1069-1084. [PMID: 35348820 PMCID: PMC9205575 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The central and peripheral nervous systems play critical roles in regulating pancreatic islet function and glucose metabolism. Over the last century, in vitro and in vivo studies along with examination of human pancreas samples have revealed the structure of islet innervation, investigated the contribution of sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory neural pathways to glucose control, and begun to determine how the structure and function of pancreatic nerves are disrupted in metabolic disease. Now, state-of-the art techniques such as 3D imaging of pancreatic innervation and targeted in vivo neuromodulation provide further insights into the anatomy and physiological roles of islet innervation. Here, we provide a summary of the published work on the anatomy of pancreatic islet innervation, its roles, and evidence for disordered islet innervation in metabolic disease. Finally, we discuss the possibilities offered by new technologies to increase our knowledge of islet innervation and its contributions to metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rollie F Hampton
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Jimenez-Gonzalez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Verberne AJM, Mussa BM. Neural control of pancreatic peptide hormone secretion. Peptides 2022; 152:170768. [PMID: 35189258 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic peptide hormone secretion is inextricably linked to maintenance of normal levels of blood glucose. In animals and man, pancreatic peptide hormone secretion is controlled, at least in part, by input from parasympathetic (vagal) premotor neurons that are found principally in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Iatrogenic (insulin-induced) hypoglycaemia evokes a homeostatic response commonly referred to as the glucose counter-regulatory response. This homeostatic response is of particular importance in Type 1 diabetes in which episodes of hypoglycaemia are common, debilitating and lead to suboptimal control of blood glucose. Glucagon is the principal counterregulatory hormone but for reasons unknown, its secretion during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia is impaired. Pancreatic parasympathetic neurons are distinguishable electrophysiologically from those that control other (e.g. gastric) functions and are controlled by supramedullary inputs from hypothalamic structures such as the perifornical region. During hypoglycaemia, glucose-sensitive, GABAergic neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus are inhibited leading to disinhibition of perifornical orexin neurons with projections to the DMV which, in turn, leads to increased secretion of glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J M Verberne
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
| | - Bashair M Mussa
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Ahmed U, Chang YC, Zafeiropoulos S, Nassrallah Z, Miller L, Zanos S. Strategies for precision vagus neuromodulation. Bioelectron Med 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35637543 PMCID: PMC9150383 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-022-00091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve is involved in the autonomic regulation of physiological homeostasis, through vast innervation of cervical, thoracic and abdominal visceral organs. Stimulation of the vagus with bioelectronic devices represents a therapeutic opportunity for several disorders implicating the autonomic nervous system and affecting different organs. During clinical translation, vagus stimulation therapies may benefit from a precision medicine approach, in which stimulation accommodates individual variability due to nerve anatomy, nerve-electrode interface or disease state and aims at eliciting therapeutic effects in targeted organs, while minimally affecting non-targeted organs. In this review, we discuss the anatomical and physiological basis for precision neuromodulation of the vagus at the level of nerve fibers, fascicles, branches and innervated organs. We then discuss different strategies for precision vagus neuromodulation, including fascicle- or fiber-selective cervical vagus nerve stimulation, stimulation of vagal branches near the end-organs, and ultrasound stimulation of vagus terminals at the end-organs themselves. Finally, we summarize targets for vagus neuromodulation in neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders and suggest potential precision neuromodulation strategies that could form the basis for effective and safe therapies.
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19
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Khan D, Moffett RC, Flatt PR, Tarasov AI. Classical and non-classical islet peptides in the control of β-cell function. Peptides 2022; 150:170715. [PMID: 34958851 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dual role of the pancreas as both an endocrine and exocrine gland is vital for food digestion and control of nutrient metabolism. The exocrine pancreas secretes enzymes into the small intestine aiding digestion of sugars and fats, whereas the endocrine pancreas secretes a cocktail of hormones into the blood, which is responsible for blood glucose control and regulation of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Classical islet hormones, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin, interact in an autocrine and paracrine manner, to fine-tube the islet function and insulin secretion to the needs of the body. Recently pancreatic islets have been reported to express a number of non-classical peptide hormones involved in metabolic signalling, whose major production site was believed to reside outside pancreas, e.g. in the small intestine. We highlight the key non-classical islet peptides, and consider their involvement, together with established islet hormones, in regulation of stimulus-secretion coupling as well as proliferation, survival and transdifferentiation of β-cells. We furthermore focus on the paracrine interaction between classical and non-classical islet hormones in the maintenance of β-cell function. Understanding the functional relationships between these islet peptides might help to develop novel, more efficient treatments for diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Khan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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20
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Goluba K, Kunrade L, Riekstina U, Parfejevs V. Schwann Cells in Digestive System Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:832. [PMID: 35269454 PMCID: PMC8908985 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the digestive system is ensured by coordinated action of the central and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). Peripheral innervation of the digestive system can be viewed as intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic portion is mainly composed of the neurons and glia of the enteric nervous system (ENS), while the extrinsic part is formed by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory branches of the PNS. Glial cells are a crucial component of digestive tract innervation, and a great deal of research evidence highlights the important status of ENS glia in health and disease. In this review, we shift the focus a bit and discuss the functions of Schwann cells (SCs), the glial cells of the extrinsic innervation of the digestive system. For more context, we also provide information on the basic findings regarding the function of innervation in disorders of the digestive organs. We find diverse SC roles described particularly in the mouth, the pancreas, and the intestine. We note that most of the scientific evidence concerns the involvement of SCs in cancer progression and pain, but some research identifies stem cell functions and potential for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vadims Parfejevs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, House of Science, Jelgavas Str. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.G.); (L.K.); (U.R.)
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21
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Moullé VS. Autonomic control of pancreatic beta cells: What is known on the regulation of insulin secretion and beta-cell proliferation in rodents and humans. Peptides 2022; 148:170709. [PMID: 34896576 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell proliferation are tightly regulated by several signals such as hormones, nutrients, and neurotransmitters. However, the autonomic control of beta cells is not fully understood. In this review, we describe mechanisms involved in insulin secretion as well as metabolic and mitogenic actions on its target tissues. Since pancreatic islets are physically connected to the brain by nerves, parasympathetic and sympathetic neurotransmitters can directly potentiate or repress insulin secretion and beta-cell proliferation. Finally, we highlight the role of the autonomic nervous system in metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
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22
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Mirzadeh Z, Faber CL, Schwartz MW. Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Homeostasis: A Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:55-84. [PMID: 34990204 PMCID: PMC8900291 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052220-010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Historically, pancreatic islet beta cells have been viewed as principal regulators of glycemia, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) resulting when insulin secretion fails to compensate for peripheral tissue insulin resistance. However, glycemia is also regulated by insulin-independent mechanisms that are dysregulated in T2D. Based on evidence supporting its role both in adaptive coupling of insulin secretion to changes in insulin sensitivity and in the regulation of insulin-independent glucose disposal, the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a fundamental player in glucose homeostasis. Here, we review and expand upon an integrative model wherein the CNS, together with the islet, establishes and maintains the defended level of glycemia. We discuss the implications of this model for understanding both normal glucose homeostasis and T2D pathogenesis and highlight centrally targeted therapeutic approaches with the potential to restore normoglycemia to patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaman Mirzadeh
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA;
| | - Chelsea L Faber
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA;
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA;
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA;
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23
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Sarkar S, Melchior JT, Henry HR, Syed F, Mirmira RG, Nakayasu ES, Metz TO. GDF15: a potential therapeutic target for type 1 diabetes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:57-67. [PMID: 35138971 PMCID: PMC8885880 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2029410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D) is centered around insulin supplementation to manage the effects of pancreatic β cell loss. GDF15 is a potential preventative therapy against T1D progression that could work to curb increasing disease incidence. AREAS COVERED This paper discusses the known actions of GDF15, a pleiotropic protein with metabolic, feeding, and immunomodulatory effects, connecting them to highlight the open opportunities for future research. The role of GDF15 in the prevention of insulitis and protection of pancreatic β cells against pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated cellular stress are examined and the pharmacological promise of GDF15 and critical areas of future research are discussed. EXPERT OPINION GDF15 shows promise as a potential intervention but requires further development. Preclinical studies have shown poor efficacy, but this result may be confounded by the measurement of gross GDF15 instead of the active form. Additionally, the effect of GDF15 in the induction of anorexia and nausea-like behavior and short-half-life present significant challenges to its deployment, but a systems pharmacology approach paired with chronotherapy may provide a possible solution to therapy for this currently unpreventable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - John T. Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hayden R. Henry
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Kovler Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA,Correspondence: ; ;
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA,Correspondence: ; ;
| | - Thomas O. Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA,Correspondence: ; ;
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24
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Zhang X, Li N, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Luo Y, Zhang B, Xu Z, Zhu Z, Yang X, Yan Y, Lin B, Wang S, Chen D, Ye C, Ding Y, Lou M, Wu Q, Hou Z, Zhang K, Liang Z, Wei A, Wang B, Wang C, Jiang N, Zhang W, Xiao G, Ma C, Ren Y, Qi X, Han W, Wang C, Rao F. 5-IP 7 is a GPCR messenger mediating neural control of synaptotagmin-dependent insulin exocytosis and glucose homeostasis. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1400-1414. [PMID: 34663975 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (5-IP7) is a signalling metabolite linked to various cellular processes. How extracellular stimuli elicit 5-IP7 signalling remains unclear. Here we show that 5-IP7 in β cells mediates parasympathetic stimulation of synaptotagmin-7 (Syt7)-dependent insulin release. Mechanistically, vagal stimulation and activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors triggers Gαq-PLC-PKC-PKD-dependent signalling and activates IP6K1, the 5-IP7 synthase. Whereas both 5-IP7 and its precursor IP6 compete with PIP2 for binding to Syt7, Ca2+ selectively binds 5-IP7 with high affinity, freeing Syt7 to enable fusion of insulin-containing vesicles with the cell membrane. β-cell-specific IP6K1 deletion diminishes insulin secretion and glucose clearance elicited by muscarinic stimulation, whereas mice carrying a phosphorylation-mimicking, hyperactive IP6K1 mutant display augmented insulin release, congenital hyperinsulinaemia and obesity. These phenotypes are absent in mice lacking Syt7. Our study proposes a new conceptual framework for inositol pyrophosphate physiology in which 5-IP7 acts as a GPCR second messenger at the interface between peripheral nervous system and metabolic organs, transmitting Gq-coupled GPCR stimulation to unclamp Syt7-dependent, and perhaps other, exocytotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanshen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bobo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhixue Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Biao Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Caichao Ye
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science & Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Ding
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Lou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingcui Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanfeng Hou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keren Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone 11th building, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziming Liang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anqi Wei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bianbian Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changhe Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science & Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone 11th building, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Neuro-Metabolism and Regeneration Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Feng Rao
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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25
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Krentz NAJ, Shea LD, Huising MO, Shaw JAM. Restoring normal islet mass and function in type 1 diabetes through regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:708-724. [PMID: 34480875 PMCID: PMC10881068 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterised by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cell mass. With the advent of insulin therapy a century ago, type 1 diabetes changed from a progressive, fatal disease to one that requires lifelong complex self-management. Replacing the lost β-cell mass through transplantation has proven successful, but limited donor supply and need for lifelong immunosuppression restricts widespread use. In this Review, we highlight incremental advances over the past 20 years and remaining challenges in regenerative medicine approaches to restoring β-cell mass and function in type 1 diabetes. We begin by summarising the role of endocrine islets in glucose homoeostasis and how this is altered in disease. We then discuss the potential regenerative capacity of the remaining islet cells and the utility of stem cell-derived β-like cells to restore β-cell function. We conclude with tissue engineering approaches that might improve the engraftment, function, and survival of β-cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A J Krentz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and Surgery, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James A M Shaw
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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26
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Walker JT, Saunders DC, Brissova M, Powers AC. The Human Islet: Mini-Organ With Mega-Impact. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:605-657. [PMID: 33844836 PMCID: PMC8476939 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet-including its structure, cell composition, development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key discoveries about human islets over the past century, we describe new research approaches and technologies that are being used to study human islets and how these are providing insight into human islet physiology and pathophysiology. We also describe changes or adaptations in human islets in response to physiologic challenges such as pregnancy, aging, and insulin resistance and discuss islet changes in human diabetes of many forms. We outline current and future interventions being developed to protect, restore, or replace human islets. The review also highlights unresolved questions about human islets and proposes areas where additional research on human islets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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27
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Wakiya T, Ishido K, Yoshizawa T, Kanda T, Hakamada K. Roles of the nervous system in pancreatic cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2021; 5:623-633. [PMID: 34585047 PMCID: PMC8452481 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with its extremely poor prognosis, presents a substantial health problem worldwide. Outcomes have improved thanks to progress in surgical technique, chemotherapy, pre-/postoperative management, and centralization of patient care to high-volume centers. However, our goals are yet to be met. Recently, exome sequencing using PDAC surgical specimens has demonstrated that the most frequently altered genes were the axon guidance genes, indicating involvement of the nervous system in PDAC carcinogenesis. Moreover, perineural invasion has been widely identified as one poor prognostic factor. The combination of innovative technologies and extensive clinician experience with the nervous system come together here to create a new treatment option. However, evidence has emerged that suggests that the relationship between cancer and nerves in PDAC, the underlying mechanism, is not fully understood. In an attempt to tackle this lethal cancer, this review summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the pancreas and discusses the role of the nervous system in the pathophysiology of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiichi Wakiya
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Keinosuke Ishido
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Tadashi Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology and BioscienceHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Taishu Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
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28
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Siehler J, Blöchinger AK, Meier M, Lickert H. Engineering islets from stem cells for advanced therapies of diabetes. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:920-940. [PMID: 34376833 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects more than 460 million people worldwide. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by autoimmune destruction of β-cells, whereas type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by a hostile metabolic environment that leads to β-cell exhaustion and dysfunction. Currently, first-line medications treat the symptomatic insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, but do not prevent the progressive decline of β-cell mass and function. Thus, advanced therapies need to be developed that either protect or regenerate endogenous β-cell mass early in disease progression or replace lost β-cells with stem cell-derived β-like cells or engineered islet-like clusters. In this Review, we discuss the state of the art of stem cell differentiation and islet engineering, reflect on current and future challenges in the area and highlight the potential for cell replacement therapies, disease modelling and drug development using these cells. These efforts in stem cell and regenerative medicine will lay the foundations for future biomedical breakthroughs and potentially curative treatments for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Siehler
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Karolina Blöchinger
- Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. .,Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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29
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Qu J, Qu HQ, Bradfield JP, Glessner JT, Chang X, Tian L, March M, Connolly JJ, Roizen JD, Sleiman PMA, Hakonarson H. Insights into non-autoimmune type 1 diabetes with 13 novel loci in low polygenic risk score patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16013. [PMID: 34362956 PMCID: PMC8346538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With polygenic risk score (PRS) for autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D), this study identified T1D cases with low T1D PRS and searched for susceptibility loci in these cases. Our hypothesis is that genetic effects (likely mediated by relatively rare genetic variants) of non-mainstream (or non-autoimmune) T1D might have been diluted in the previous studies on T1D cases in general. Two cohorts for the PRS modeling and testing respectively were included. The first cohort consisted of 3302 T1D cases and 6181 controls, and the independent second cohort consisted of 3297 T1D cases and 6169 controls. Cases with low T1D PRS were identified using PRSice-2 and compared to controls with low T1D PRS by genome-wide association (GWA) test. Thirteen novel genetic loci with high imputation quality (Quality Score r2 > 0.91) were identified of SNPs/SNVs associated with low PRS T1D at genome-wide significance (P ≤ 5.0 × E-08), in addition to 4 established T1D loci, 3 reported loci by our previous study, as well as 9 potential novel loci represented by rare SNVs, but with relatively low imputation quality (Quality Score r2 < 0.90). For the 13 novel loci, 9 regions have been reported of association with obesity related traits by previous GWA studies. Three loci encoding long intergenic non-protein coding RNAs (lncRNA), and 2 loci involved in N-linked glycosylation are also highlighted in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Qu
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Joseph T. Glessner
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Xiao Chang
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Lifeng Tian
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Michael March
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - John J. Connolly
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Roizen
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick M. A. Sleiman
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Alvarsson A, Jimenez-Gonzalez M, Li R, Rosselot C, Tzavaras N, Wu Z, Stanley SA. Optical Clearing and 3D Analysis Optimized for Mouse and Human Pancreata. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4103. [PMID: 34458397 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreas is a heavily innervated organ, but pancreatic innervation can be challenging to comprehensively assess using conventional histological methods. However, recent advances in whole-mount tissue clearing and 3D rendering techniques have allowed detailed reconstructions of pancreatic innervation. Optical clearing is used to enhance tissue transparency and reduce light scattering, thus eliminating the need to section the tissue. Here, we describe a modified version of the optical tissue clearing protocol iDISCO+ (immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs) optimized for pancreatic innervation and endocrine markers. The protocol takes 13-19 days, depending on tissue size. In addition, we include protocols for imaging using light sheet and confocal microscopes and for 3D segmentation of pancreatic innervation and endocrine cells using Imaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Alvarsson
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maria Jimenez-Gonzalez
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rosemary Li
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carolina Rosselot
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nikolaos Tzavaras
- The Microscopy CoRE and Advanced Bioimaging Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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31
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Qu HQ, Qu J, Bradfield J, Marchand L, Glessner J, Chang X, March M, Li J, Connolly JJ, Roizen JD, Sleiman P, Polychronakos C, Hakonarson H. Genetic architecture of type 1 diabetes with low genetic risk score informed by 41 unreported loci. Commun Biol 2021; 4:908. [PMID: 34302048 PMCID: PMC8302754 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients with low genetic risk scores (GRS) may be non-autoimmune or autoimmune mediated by other genetic loci. The T1D-GRS2 provides us an opportunity to look into the genetic architecture of these patients. A total of 18,949 European individuals were included in this study, including 6599 T1D cases and 12,323 controls. 957 (14.5%) T1D patients were identified with low GRS (GRS < 8.43). The genome-wide association study on these patients identified 41 unreported loci. Two loci with common variants and 39 loci with rare variants were identified in this study. This study identified common SNPs associated with both low GRS T1D and expression levels of the interferon-α-induced MNDA gene, indicating the role of viral infection in T1D. Interestingly, 16 of the 41 unreported loci have been linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by previous studies, suggesting that genes residing at these loci may underlie both T1D and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Qu
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jingchun Qu
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Luc Marchand
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Joseph Glessner
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Xiao Chang
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Michael March
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jin Li
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - John J. Connolly
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Roizen
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
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Lkhagvasuren B, Mee-Inta O, Zhao ZW, Hiramoto T, Boldbaatar D, Kuo YM. Pancreas-Brain Crosstalk. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:691777. [PMID: 34354571 PMCID: PMC8329585 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.691777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural regulation of glucose homeostasis in normal and challenged conditions involves the modulation of pancreatic islet-cell function. Compromising the pancreas innervation causes islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes and islet cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. However, despite the richly innervated nature of the pancreas, islet innervation remains ill-defined. Here, we review the neuroanatomical and humoral basis of the cross-talk between the endocrine pancreas and autonomic and sensory neurons. Identifying the neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of the neuro-insular network would provide clues to neuromodulation-based approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren
- Brain Science Institute, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Onanong Mee-Inta
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Wei Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tetsuya Hiramoto
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Fukuoka Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Damdindorj Boldbaatar
- Brain Science Institute, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
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33
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Localisation of S100 Protein and Acetylated Tubulin in Sheep Pancreas. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The pancreas plays a critical role in the control of nutritional homeostasis. It consists of two major parts, the exocrine pancreas, and the endocrine pancreas. In the present study S100 protein and acetylated α-tubulin were used to identify positive structures in both the exocrine and endocrine part of the ovine pancreas. In the exocrine part of the pancreas, a positive reaction to S100 protein was confined to centroacinar cells, intercalated, and intralobular ducts cells. In addition, the S100 protein was localized in the Schwann cells of nerve fibres. On the pancreatic islets, the S100 protein has been observed in Schwann cells of nerve axons, where they form a fine envelope that invests the islet surface. Inside the pancreatic islets, the Schwann cells positive for S100 protein envelope the endocrine cells of the islets. The difference in positivity of the S100 protein was found in relation to the endocrine cells. The relationship between endocrine cell positivity and positive exocrine duct cells was discussed. Acetylated α-tubulin (AT) was restricted to axons of the nerve fibres and was located within the connective tissue accompanying intralobular and inter-lobular ducts, and between secretory acini in close contact with secretory cells.
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Miranda MA, Macias-Velasco JF, Lawson HA. Pancreatic β-cell heterogeneity in health and diabetes: classes, sources, and subtypes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E716-E731. [PMID: 33586491 PMCID: PMC8238131 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00649.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells perform glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, a process at the center of type 2 diabetes etiology. Efforts to understand how β-cells behave in healthy and stressful conditions have revealed a wide degree of morphological, functional, and transcriptional heterogeneity. Sources of heterogeneity include β-cell topography, developmental origin, maturation state, and stress response. Advances in sequencing and imaging technologies have led to the identification of β-cell subtypes, which play distinct roles in the islet niche. This review examines β-cell heterogeneity from morphological, functional, and transcriptional perspectives, and considers the relevance of topography, maturation, development, and stress response. It also discusses how these factors have been used to identify β-cell subtypes, and how heterogeneity is impacted by diabetes. We examine open questions in the field and discuss recent technological innovations that could advance understanding of β-cell heterogeneity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Juan F Macias-Velasco
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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Gil-Rivera M, Medina-Gali RM, Martínez-Pinna J, Soriano S. Physiology of pancreatic β-cells: Ion channels and molecular mechanisms implicated in stimulus-secretion coupling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:287-323. [PMID: 33832651 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human and mouse islet of Langerhans is an endocrine organ composed of five different cells types; insulin-secreting β-cells, glucagon-producing α-cells, somatostatin-producing δ-cells, pancreatic polypeptide-secreting PP cells and ɛ-cells that secretes ghrelin. The most important cells are the pancreatic β-cells that comprise around 45-50% of human islets and 75-80% in the mouse. Pancreatic β-cells secrete insulin at high glucose concentration, thereby finely regulating glycaemia by the hypoglycaemic effects of this hormone. Different ion channels are implicated in the stimulus-secretion coupling of insulin. An increase in the intracellular ATP concentration leads to closure KATP channels, depolarizing the cell and opening voltage-gated calcium channels. The increase of intracellular calcium concentration induced by calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium channels promotes insulin secretion. Here, we briefly describe the diversity of ion channels present in pancreatic β-cells and the different mechanisms that are responsible to induce insulin secretion in human and mouse cells. Moreover, we described the pathophysiology due to alterations in the physiology of the main ion channels present in pancreatic β-cell and its implication to predispose metabolic disorders as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Gil-Rivera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Regla M Medina-Gali
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Juan Martínez-Pinna
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Sergi Soriano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain.
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Lundqvist MH, Almby K, Wiklund U, Abrahamsson N, Kamble PG, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Altered hormonal and autonomic nerve responses to hypo- and hyperglycaemia are found in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals and may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:641-655. [PMID: 33241460 PMCID: PMC7864814 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Results from animal models and some clinical work suggest a role for the central nervous system (CNS) in glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis by modulation of glucoregulatory hormones and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The aim of this study was to characterise the neuroendocrine response to various glucose concentrations in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals compared with lean individuals. METHODS Overweight/obese (HI, n = 15, BMI ≥27.0 kg/m2) and lean (LO, n = 15, BMI <27.0 kg/m2) individuals without diabetes underwent hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic-hypoglycaemic clamps and hyperglycaemic clamps on two separate occasions with measurements of hormones, Edinburgh Hypoglycaemic Symptom Scale (ESS) score and heart rate variability (HRV). Statistical methods included groupwise comparisons with Mann-Whitney U tests, multilinear regressions and linear mixed models between neuroendocrine responses and continuous metabolic variables. RESULTS During hypoglycaemic clamps, there was an elevated cortisol response in HI vs LO (median ΔAUC 12,383 vs 4793 nmol/l × min; p = 0.050) and a significantly elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response in HI vs LO (median ΔAUC 437.3 vs 162.0 nmol/l × min; p = 0.021). When adjusting for clamp glucose levels, obesity (p = 0.033) and insulin resistance (p = 0.009) were associated with elevated glucagon levels. By contrast, parasympathetic activity was less suppressed in overweight individuals at the last stage of hypoglycaemia compared with euglycaemia (high-frequency power of HRV, p = 0.024). M value was the strongest predictor for the ACTH and PHF responses, independent of BMI and other variables. There was a BMI-independent association between the cortisol response and ESS score response (p = 0.024). During hyperglycaemic clamps, overweight individuals displayed less suppression of glucagon levels (median ΔAUC -63.4% vs -73.0%; p = 0.010) and more suppression of sympathetic relative to parasympathetic activity (low-frequency/high-frequency power, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study supports the hypothesis that altered responses of insulin-antagonistic hormones and the ANS to glucose fluctuations occur in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals, and that these responses are probably partly mediated by the CNS. Their potential role in development of type 2 diabetes needs to be addressed in future research. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urban Wiklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Aslanoglou D, Bertera S, Sánchez-Soto M, Benjamin Free R, Lee J, Zong W, Xue X, Shrestha S, Brissova M, Logan RW, Wollheim CB, Trucco M, Yechoor VK, Sibley DR, Bottino R, Freyberg Z. Dopamine regulates pancreatic glucagon and insulin secretion via adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:59. [PMID: 33589583 PMCID: PMC7884786 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are catecholamines primarily studied in the central nervous system that also act in the pancreas as peripheral regulators of metabolism. Pancreatic catecholamine signaling has also been increasingly implicated as a mechanism responsible for the metabolic disturbances produced by antipsychotic drugs (APDs). Critically, however, the mechanisms by which catecholamines modulate pancreatic hormone release are not completely understood. We show that human and mouse pancreatic α- and β-cells express the catecholamine biosynthetic and signaling machinery, and that α-cells synthesize DA de novo. This locally-produced pancreatic DA signals via both α- and β-cell adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors with different affinities to regulate glucagon and insulin release. Significantly, we show DA functions as a biased agonist at α2A-adrenergic receptors, preferentially signaling via the canonical G protein-mediated pathway. Our findings highlight the interplay between DA and NE signaling as a novel form of regulation to modulate pancreatic hormone release. Lastly, pharmacological blockade of DA D2-like receptors in human islets with APDs significantly raises insulin and glucagon release. This offers a new mechanism where APDs act directly on islet α- and β-cell targets to produce metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Aslanoglou
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Suzanne Bertera
- grid.417046.00000 0004 0454 5075Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Marta Sánchez-Soto
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - R. Benjamin Free
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jeongkyung Lee
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Beta Cell Biology Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Wei Zong
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Xiangning Xue
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - Claes B. Wollheim
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Trucco
- grid.417046.00000 0004 0454 5075Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.147455.60000 0001 2097 0344Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Vijay K. Yechoor
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Beta Cell Biology Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - David R. Sibley
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- grid.417046.00000 0004 0454 5075Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.147455.60000 0001 2097 0344Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Kolben Y, Weksler-Zangen S, Ilan Y. Adropin as a potential mediator of the metabolic system-autonomic nervous system-chronobiology axis: Implementing a personalized signature-based platform for chronotherapy. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13108. [PMID: 32720402 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a peptide hormone, which plays a role in energy homeostasis and controls glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Its levels correlate with changes in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, central nervous system function, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease. Both metabolic pathways and adropin are regulated by the circadian clocks. Here, we review the roles of the autonomic nervous system and circadian rhythms in regulating metabolic pathways and energy homeostasis. The beneficial effects of chronotherapy in various systems are discussed. We suggest a potential role for adropin as a mediator of the metabolic system-autonomic nervous system axis. We discuss the possibility of establishing an individualized adropin and circadian rhythm-based platform for implementing chronotherapy, and variability signatures for improving the efficacy of adropin-based therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Kolben
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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39
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Tan X, Sivakumar S, Bednarsch J, Wiltberger G, Kather JN, Niehues J, de Vos-Geelen J, Valkenburg-van Iersel L, Kintsler S, Roeth A, Hao G, Lang S, Coolsen ME, den Dulk M, Aberle MR, Koolen J, Gaisa NT, Olde Damink SWM, Neumann UP, Heij LR. Nerve fibers in the tumor microenvironment in neurotropic cancer-pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:899-908. [PMID: 33288884 PMCID: PMC7862068 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are both deadly cancers and they share many biological features besides their close anatomical location. One of the main histological features is neurotropism, which results in frequent perineural invasion. The underlying mechanism of cancer cells favoring growth by and through the nerve fibers is not fully understood. In this review, we provide knowledge of these cancers with frequent perineural invasion. We discuss nerve fiber crosstalk with the main different components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the immune cells, and the fibroblasts. Also, we discuss the crosstalk between the nerve fibers and the cancer. We highlight the shared signaling pathways of the mechanisms behind perineural invasion in PDAC and CCA. Hereby we have focussed on signaling neurotransmitters and neuropeptides which may be a target for future therapies. Furthermore, we have summarized retrospective results of the previous literature about nerve fibers in PDAC and CCA patients. We provide our point of view in the potential for nerve fibers to be used as powerful biomarker for prognosis, as a tool to stratify patients for therapy or as a target in a (combination) therapy. Taking the presence of nerves into account can potentially change the field of personalized care in these neurotropic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiang Tan
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shivan Sivakumar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Wiltberger
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Niehues
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith de Vos-Geelen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, GROW School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Liselot Valkenburg-van Iersel
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, GROW School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana Kintsler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anjali Roeth
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guangshan Hao
- Translational Neurosurgery and Neurobiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Lang
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mariëlle E Coolsen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel den Dulk
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Merel R Aberle
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jarne Koolen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine T Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara R Heij
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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40
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Cinti F, Mezza T, Severi I, Suleiman M, Cefalo CMA, Sorice GP, Moffa S, Impronta F, Quero G, Alfieri S, Mari A, Pontecorvi A, Marselli L, Cinti S, Marchetti P, Giaccari A. Noradrenergic fibers are associated with beta-cell dedifferentiation and impaired beta-cell function in humans. Metabolism 2021; 114:154414. [PMID: 33129839 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a progressive loss of beta-cell function, and the "disappearance" of beta-cells in T2D may also be caused by the process of beta -cell dedifferentiation. Since noradrenergic innervation inhibits insulin secretion and density of noradrenergic fibers is increased in type 2 diabetes mouse models, we aimed to study the relation between islet innervation, dedifferentiation and beta-cell function in humans. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, we analyzed pancreata from organ donors and from patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. In the latter, a pre-surgical detailed metabolic characterization by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hyperglycemic clamp was performed before surgery, thus obtaining in vivo functional parameters of beta-cell function and insulin secretion. RESULTS The islets of diabetic subjects were 3 times more innervated than controls (0.91 ± 0.21 vs 0.32 ± 0.10, n.fibers/islet; p = 0.01), and directly correlated with the dedifferentiation score (r = 0.39; p = 0.03). In vivo functional parameters of insulin secretion, assessed by hyperglycemic clamp, negatively correlated with the increase in fibers [beta-cell Glucose Sensitivity (r = -0.84; p = 0.01), incremental second-phase insulin secretion (r = -0.84, p = 0.03) and arginine-stimulated insulin secretion (r = -0.76, p = 0.04)]. Moreover, we observed a progressive increase in fibers, paralleling worsening glucose tolerance (from NGT through IGT to T2D). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Noradrenergic fibers are significantly increased in the islets of diabetic subjects and this positively correlates with beta-cell dedifferentiation score. The correlation between in vivo insulin secretion parameters and the density of pancreatic noradrenergic fibers suggests a significant involvement of these fibers in the pathogenesis of the disease, and indirectly, in the islet dedifferentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cinti
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - T Mezza
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - I Severi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Obesity, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C M A Cefalo
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - G P Sorice
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - S Moffa
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - F Impronta
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - G Quero
- Chirurgia Digestiva, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Istituto di Semeiotica Chirurgica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - S Alfieri
- Chirurgia Digestiva, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Istituto di Semeiotica Chirurgica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - A Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - A Pontecorvi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - L Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Cinti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Obesity, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - P Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Giaccari
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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41
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Abstract
At the time of Ivan Pavlov, pancreatic innervation was studied by looking at pancreas secretions in response to electrical stimulation of nerves. Nowadays we have ways to visualize neuronal activity in real time thanks to advances in fluorescent reporters and imaging techniques. We also have very precise optogenetic and pharmacogenetic approaches that allow neuronal manipulations in a very specific manner. These technological advances have been extensively employed for studying the central nervous system and are just beginning to be incorporated for studying visceral innervation. Pancreatic innervation is complex, and the role it plays in physiology and pathophysiology of the organ is still not fully understood. In this review we highlight anatomical aspects of pancreatic innervation, techniques for pancreatic neuronal labeling, and approaches for imaging pancreatic innervation in vitro and in vivo.
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42
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Akolpoglu MB, Inceoglu Y, Bozuyuk U, Sousa AR, Oliveira MB, Mano JF, Kizilel S. Recent advances in the design of implantable insulin secreting heterocellular islet organoids. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120627. [PMID: 33401104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation has proved one of the most remarkable transmissions from an experimental curiosity into a routine clinical application for the treatment of type I diabetes (T1D). Current efforts for taking this technology one-step further are now focusing on overcoming islet donor shortage, engraftment, prolonged islet availability, post-transplant vascularization, and coming up with new strategies to eliminate lifelong immunosuppression. To this end, insulin secreting 3D cell clusters composed of different types of cells, also referred as heterocellular islet organoids, spheroids, or pseudoislets, have been engineered to overcome the challenges encountered by the current islet transplantation protocols. β-cells or native islets are accompanied by helper cells, also referred to as accessory cells, to generate a cell cluster that is not only able to accurately secrete insulin in response to glucose, but also superior in terms of other key features (e.g. maintaining a vasculature, longer durability in vivo and not necessitating immunosuppression after transplantation). Over the past decade, numerous 3D cell culture techniques have been integrated to create an engineered heterocellular islet organoid that addresses current obstacles. Here, we first discuss the different cell types used to prepare heterocellular organoids for islet transplantation and their contribution to the organoids design. We then introduce various cell culture techniques that are incorporated to prepare a fully functional and insulin secreting organoids with select features. Finally, we discuss the challenges and present a future outlook for improving clinical outcomes of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Birgul Akolpoglu
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Inceoglu
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Bozuyuk
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ana Rita Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials. University of Aveiro. Campus Universitário de Santiago. 3810-193 Aveiro. Portugal
| | - Mariana B Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials. University of Aveiro. Campus Universitário de Santiago. 3810-193 Aveiro. Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials. University of Aveiro. Campus Universitário de Santiago. 3810-193 Aveiro. Portugal
| | - Seda Kizilel
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
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43
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Insulin/Glucose-Responsive Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Disease Modeling and Treatment of Diabetes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112465. [PMID: 33198288 PMCID: PMC7696367 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance in peripheral organs, accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes. Despite current developments of new drugs and strategies to prevent/treat diabetes, there is no ideal therapy targeting all aspects of the disease. Restoration, however, of insulin-producing β-cells, as well as insulin-responsive cells, would be a logical strategy for the treatment of diabetes. In recent years, generation of transplantable cells derived from stem cells in vitro has emerged as an important research area. Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced, are alternative and feasible sources of insulin-secreting and glucose-responsive cells. This notwithstanding, consistent generation of robust glucose/insulin-responsive cells remains challenging. In this review, we describe basic concepts of the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and subsequent differentiation of these into pancreatic β-like cells, myotubes, as well as adipocyte- and hepatocyte-like cells. Use of these for modeling of human disease is now feasible, while development of replacement therapies requires continued efforts.
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44
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Faber CL, Deem JD, Campos CA, Taborsky GJ, Morton GJ. CNS control of the endocrine pancreas. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2086-2094. [PMID: 32894319 PMCID: PMC7983553 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that, although pancreatic islets can function autonomously to detect and respond to changes in the circulating glucose level, the brain cooperates with the islet to maintain glycaemic control. Here, we review the role of the central and autonomic nervous systems in the control of the endocrine pancreas, including mechanisms whereby the brain senses circulating blood glucose levels. We also examine whether dysfunction in these systems might contribute to complications of type 1 diabetes and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Faber
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer D Deem
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos A Campos
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gerald J Taborsky
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Box 358062, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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45
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Wassmer CH, Lebreton F, Bellofatto K, Bosco D, Berney T, Berishvili E. Generation of insulin-secreting organoids: a step toward engineering and transplanting the bioartificial pancreas. Transpl Int 2020; 33:1577-1588. [PMID: 32852858 PMCID: PMC7756715 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major health issue of increasing prevalence. ß‐cell replacement, by pancreas or islet transplantation, is the only long‐term curative option for patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes. Despite good functional results, pancreas transplantation remains a major surgery with potentially severe complications. Islet transplantation is a minimally invasive alternative that can widen the indications in view of its lower morbidity. However, the islet isolation procedure disrupts their vasculature and connection to the surrounding extracellular matrix, exposing them to ischemia and anoikis. Implanted islets are also the target of innate and adaptive immune attacks, thus preventing robust engraftment and prolonged full function. Generation of organoids, defined as functional 3D structures assembled with cell types from different sources, is a strategy increasingly used in regenerative medicine for tissue replacement or repair, in a variety of inflammatory or degenerative disorders. Applied to ß‐cell replacement, it offers the possibility to control the size and composition of islet‐like structures (pseudo‐islets), and to include cells with anti‐inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we will present approaches to generate islet cell organoids and discuss how these strategies can be applied to the generation of a bioartificial pancreas for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henri Wassmer
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical and Public Health Research, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Rebelos E, Mari A, Bucci M, Honka M, Hannukainen JC, Virtanen KA, Hirvonen J, Nummenmaa L, Heni M, Iozzo P, Ferrannini E, Nuutila P. Brain substrate metabolism and ß-cell function in humans: A positron emission tomography study. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00136. [PMID: 32704559 PMCID: PMC7375082 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent clinical studies have shown enhanced brain glucose uptake during clamp and brain fatty acid uptake in insulin-resistant individuals. Preclinical studies suggest that the brain may be involved in the control of insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether brain metabolism assessed as brain glucose and fatty acid uptake is associated with the parameters of β-cell function in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data of 120 subjects across a wide range of BMI and insulin sensitivity. Brain glucose uptake (BGU) was measured during euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (n = 67) and/or during fasting (n = 45) using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). In another group of subjects (n = 34), brain fatty acid uptake was measured using [18F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (FTHA) PET during fasting. The parameters of β-cell function were derived from OGTT modelling. Statistical analysis was performed with whole-brain voxel-based statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS In non-diabetics, BGU during euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp correlated positively with basal insulin secretion rate (r = 0.51, P = .0008) and total insulin output (r = 0.51, P = .0008), whereas no correlation was found in type 2 diabetics. BGU during clamp correlated positively with potentiation in non-diabetics (r = 0.33, P = .02) and negatively in type 2 diabetics (r = -0.61, P = .02). The associations in non-diabetics were not explained with whole-body insulin sensitivity or BMI. No correlations were found between baseline (fasting) BGU and basal insulin secretion rate, whereas baseline brain fatty acid uptake correlated directly with basal insulin secretion rate (r = 0.39, P = .02) and inversely with potentiation (r = -0.36, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides coherent, though correlative, evidence that, in humans, the brain may be involved in the control of insulin secretion independently of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of NeuroscienceNational Research CouncilPaduaItaly
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | | | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Clinical NutritionInstitute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionUniversity of Eastern Finland (UEF)KuopioFinland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of RadiologyTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Martin Heni
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical ChemistryEberhard Karls University TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz CenterMunich at the University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research Council (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research Council (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of EndocrinologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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Legøy TA, Vethe H, Abadpour S, Strand BL, Scholz H, Paulo JA, Ræder H, Ghila L, Chera S. Encapsulation boosts islet-cell signature in differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells via integrin signalling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:414. [PMID: 31942009 PMCID: PMC6962451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapies hold great therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the mechanisms governing the developmental processes is limited, impeding the quality of differentiation protocols. Generating insulin-expressing cells in vitro is no exception, with the guided series of differentiation events producing heterogeneous cell populations that display mixed pancreatic islet phenotypes and immaturity. The achievement of terminal differentiation ultimately requires the in vivo transplantation of, usually, encapsulated cells. Here we show the impact of cell confinement on the pancreatic islet signature during the guided differentiation of alginate encapsulated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Our results show that encapsulation improves differentiation by significantly reshaping the proteome landscape of the cells towards an islet-like signature. Pathway analysis is suggestive of integrins transducing the encapsulation effect into intracellular signalling cascades promoting differentiation. These analyses provide a molecular framework for understanding the confinement effects on hiPSCs differentiation while confirming its importance for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Aga Legøy
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heidrun Vethe
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit L Strand
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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48
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Noguchi GM, Huising MO. Integrating the inputs that shape pancreatic islet hormone release. Nat Metab 2019; 1:1189-1201. [PMID: 32694675 PMCID: PMC7378277 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pancreatic islet is a complex mini organ composed of a variety of endocrine cells and their support cells, which together tightly control blood glucose homeostasis. Changes in glucose concentration are commonly regarded as the chief signal controlling insulin-secreting beta cells, glucagon-secreting alpha cells and somatostatin-secreting delta cells. However, each of these cell types is highly responsive to a multitude of endocrine, paracrine, nutritional and neural inputs, which collectively shape the final endocrine output of the islet. Here, we review the principal inputs for each islet-cell type and the physiological circumstances in which these signals arise, through the prism of the insights generated by the transcriptomes of each of the major endocrine-cell types. A comprehensive integration of the factors that influence blood glucose homeostasis is essential to successfully improve therapeutic strategies for better diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn M Noguchi
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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49
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Güemes A, Herrero P, Bondia J, Georgiou P. Modeling the effect of the cephalic phase of insulin secretion on glucose metabolism. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 57:1173-1186. [PMID: 30685858 PMCID: PMC6525153 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-01950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system has a significant impact in glucose homeostasis and endocrine pancreatic secretion in humans, especially during the cephalic phase of insulin release (CPIR); that is, before a meal is absorbed. However, the underlying mechanisms of this neural-pancreatic interaction are not well understood and therefore often neglected, despite their significance to achieving an optimal glucose control. As a result, the dynamics of insulin release from the pancreas are currently described by mathematical models that reproduce the behavior of the β cells using exclusively glucose levels and other hormones as inputs. To bridge this gap, we have combined, for the first time, metabolic and neural mathematical models in a unified system to reproduce to a great extent the ideal glucoregulation observed in healthy subjects. Our results satisfactorily replicate the CPIR and its impact during the post-absorptive phase. Furthermore, the proposed model gives insight into the physiological interaction between the brain and the pancreas in healthy people and suggests the potential of considering the neural information for restoring glucose control in people with diabetes. Graphical Abstract (a) Physiological scenario. Diagram of the biological interaction among the most important organs involved in glucose control during meal intake. (b) Scheme of the unified bio-inspired neural-metabolic model. Each of the boxes represents one subsystem of the model. The pink shades boxes depicts the novel subsystems introduced to the current metabolic models (grey shaded boxes). Insulin-related action and mass fluxes (solid black lines) and glucose-related action and mass flux (dotted black lines) are depicted to show the relationship among the blocks. I(t), Ic(t), G(t) and SI related to plasma insulin, plasma cephalic insulin, plasma glucose and insulin sensitivity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Güemes
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK.
| | - Pau Herrero
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Jorge Bondia
- Instituto Universitario de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pantelis Georgiou
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
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50
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Chen L, Pan X, Zhang YH, Huang T, Cai YD. Analysis of Gene Expression Differences between Different Pancreatic Cells. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6421-6435. [DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of PMMP, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoyong Pan
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3014ZK, Netherlands
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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