1
|
Leaf A, Rothschild JA, Sharpe TM, Sims ST, Macias CJ, Futch GG, Roberts MD, Stout JR, Ormsbee MJ, Aragon AA, Campbell BI, Arent SM, D’Agostino DP, Barrack MT, Kerksick CM, Kreider RB, Kalman DS, Antonio J. International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic diets. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2368167. [PMID: 38934469 PMCID: PMC11212571 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2368167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
POSITION STATEMENT The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the use of a ketogenic diet in healthy exercising adults, with a focus on exercise performance and body composition. However, this review does not address the use of exogenous ketone supplements. The following points summarize the position of the ISSN. 1. A ketogenic diet induces a state of nutritional ketosis, which is generally defined as serum ketone levels above 0.5 mM. While many factors can impact what amount of daily carbohydrate intake will result in these levels, a broad guideline is a daily dietary carbohydrate intake of less than 50 grams per day. 2. Nutritional ketosis achieved through carbohydrate restriction and a high dietary fat intake is not intrinsically harmful and should not be confused with ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition most commonly seen in clinical populations and metabolic dysregulation. 3. A ketogenic diet has largely neutral or detrimental effects on athletic performance compared to a diet higher in carbohydrates and lower in fat, despite achieving significantly elevated levels of fat oxidation during exercise (~1.5 g/min). 4. The endurance effects of a ketogenic diet may be influenced by both training status and duration of the dietary intervention, but further research is necessary to elucidate these possibilities. All studies involving elite athletes showed a performance decrement from a ketogenic diet, all lasting six weeks or less. Of the two studies lasting more than six weeks, only one reported a statistically significant benefit of a ketogenic diet. 5. A ketogenic diet tends to have similar effects on maximal strength or strength gains from a resistance training program compared to a diet higher in carbohydrates. However, a minority of studies show superior effects of non-ketogenic comparators. 6. When compared to a diet higher in carbohydrates and lower in fat, a ketogenic diet may cause greater losses in body weight, fat mass, and fat-free mass, but may also heighten losses of lean tissue. However, this is likely due to differences in calorie and protein intake, as well as shifts in fluid balance. 7. There is insufficient evidence to determine if a ketogenic diet affects males and females differently. However, there is a strong mechanistic basis for sex differences to exist in response to a ketogenic diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Leaf
- Alex Leaf LLC, Scientific Affairs, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Rothschild
- Auckland University of Technology, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
- High Performance Sport New Zealand, Performance Nutrition, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tim M. Sharpe
- University of Western States, Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Stacy T. Sims
- Auckland University of Technology, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
- Stanford University, Stanford Lifestyle Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Chad J. Macias
- University of Western States, Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Geoff G. Futch
- Springfield College, Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield, MA, USA
- FitPro Analytics, Scientific Affairs, Springfield, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- University of Central Florida, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Michael J. Ormsbee
- Florida State University, Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Bill I. Campbell
- University of South Florida, Performance and Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Exercise Science Program, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shawn M. Arent
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dominic P. D’Agostino
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Human Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Pensacola, FL, USA
- University of South Florida, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michelle T. Barrack
- California State University, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Lindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology, and Health, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Texas A&M University, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Douglas S. Kalman
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Nutrition. Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine. Davie, FL, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Islam P, Hossain MI, Khatun P, Masud RI, Tasnim S, Anjum M, Islam MZ, Nibir SS, Rafiq K, Islam MA. Steroid hormones in fish, caution for present and future: A review. Toxicol Rep 2024; 13:101733. [PMID: 39323426 PMCID: PMC11422134 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The misuse and overuse of steroid hormones in fish is an emerging problem worldwide. The data on hormonal residue in fish was less due to a lack of effective monitoring programs on hormonal use in fish production. This review revealed the findings of previously published data on different hormonal use and their residue and impact. Steroid hormones were frequently used in fish production to promote growth and reproduction. It was suggested that hormones should be used carefully to ensure environmental, biological, and food safety. The most commonly used steroid hormones in fish production were testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and cortisol. However, the indiscriminate use left residue in the fish flesh above the FAO/WHO permissible limits. This residue in fish caused many health hazards in consumers, like early puberty in children, advances in bone age, negative repercussions on growth, modification of sexual characteristics, and cancer development such as breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer. It also harmed fish and the aquatic environment. The most common detection methods for these hormones were GC-MS, LC-MS, and UHPLC-MS. Many countries permitted the use of hormones in fish production upon monitoring, whereas many countries prohibited it. Moreover, many countries did not have any rules and regulations on the use of hormones in fish production. Thus, this review is a wake-up call for researchers, policymakers and consumers on the impacts of hormonal residues in food commodities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purba Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Imran Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Popy Khatun
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Rony Ibne Masud
- Department of Microbiology & Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Shadia Tasnim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Mahir Anjum
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahorul Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Salman Shahriar Nibir
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rafiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Anwarul Islam
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vincent C, Bodnaruc AM, Prud'homme D, Guenette J, Giroux I. Disordered eating behaviours during the menopausal transition: a systematic review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:1286-1308. [PMID: 39229895 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Disordered eating refers to a range of eating behaviours and attitudes towards weight and food that can negatively influence physical and psychosocial well-being. The menopausal transition could be a vulnerable period for disordered eating due to major hormonal fluctuations, menopausal symptoms, common body composition shifts, and an increased risk of psychological challenges. This systematic review aimed to summarize evidence on the associations between the menopausal transition and disordered eating. Records published before October 2023 were identified through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL. Studies investigating associations between menopausal status, menopausal symptoms, or reproductive hormone levels, and disordered eating during the menopausal transition were sought. A total of 1301 non-duplicate records were screened, with 10 studies deemed eligible for inclusion. Most included studies used a cross-sectional design (n = 9). Findings include potentially higher levels of binge eating during the perimenopausal stage, whereas restrictive eating behaviours appeared more common during postmenopause compared to premenopause. Both studies investigating menopausal symptoms found strong positive associations with disordered eating. Nonetheless, findings are equivocal with contrasting results and limited methodological quality across studies. Further research is needed to verify these findings and better assist health professionals in supporting healthy eating behaviours in menopausal women during this complex transition. (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021290736).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Vincent
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra M Bodnaruc
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Jacob Guenette
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ihalainen JK, Mikkonen RS, Ackerman KE, Heikura IA, Mjøsund K, Valtonen M, Hackney AC. Beyond Menstrual Dysfunction: Does Altered Endocrine Function Caused by Problematic Low Energy Availability Impair Health and Sports Performance in Female Athletes? Sports Med 2024; 54:2267-2289. [PMID: 38995599 PMCID: PMC11393114 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Low energy availability, particularly when problematic (i.e., prolonged and/or severe), has numerous negative consequences for health and sports performance as characterized in relative energy deficiency in sport. These consequences may be driven by disturbances in endocrine function, although scientific evidence clearly linking endocrine dysfunction to decreased sports performance and blunted or diminished training adaptations is limited. We describe how low energy availability-induced changes in sex hormones manifest as menstrual dysfunction and accompanying hormonal dysfunction in other endocrine axes that lead to adverse health outcomes, including negative bone health, impaired metabolic activity, undesired outcomes for body composition, altered immune response, problematic cardiovascular outcomes, iron deficiency, as well as impaired endurance performance and force production, all of which ultimately may influence athlete health and performance. Where identifiable menstrual dysfunction indicates hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysfunction, concomitant disturbances in other hormonal axes and their impact on the athlete's health and sports performance must be recognized as well. Given that the margin between podium positions and "losing" in competitive sports can be very small, several important questions regarding low energy availability, endocrinology, and the mechanisms behind impaired training adaptations and sports performance have yet to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Ihalainen
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Ritva S Mikkonen
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Sports Technology Unit, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Vuokatti, Finland
| | - Kathryn E Ackerman
- Wu Tsai Female Athlete Program, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ida A Heikura
- Canadian Sport Institute-Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Katja Mjøsund
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- National Olympic Training Centre Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McCarthy SF, Tucker JAL, Hazell TJ. Exercise-induced appetite suppression: An update on potential mechanisms. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e70022. [PMID: 39187396 PMCID: PMC11347021 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The first systematic reviews of the effects of exercise on appetite-regulation and energy intake demonstrated changes in appetite-regulating hormones consistent with appetite suppression and decreases in subsequent relative energy intake over a decade ago. More recently, an intensity-dependent effect and several potential mechanisms were proposed, and this review aims to highlight advances in this field. While exercise-induced appetite suppression clearly involves acylated ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 may also be involved, though recent evidence suggests peptide tyrosine tyrosine may not be relevant. Changes in subjective appetite perceptions and energy intake continue to be equivocal, though these results are likely due to small sample sizes and methodological inconsistencies. Of the proposed mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced appetite suppression, lactate has garnered the most support through in vitro and in vivo rodent studies as well as a growing amount of work in humans. Other potential modulators of exercise-induced appetite suppression may include sex hormones, growth-differentiation factor 15, Lac-Phe, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and asprosin. Research should focus on the mechanisms responsible for the changes and consider these other modulators (i.e., myokines/exerkines) of appetite to improve our understanding of the role of exercise on appetite regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth F. McCarthy
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical EducationWilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Jessica A. L. Tucker
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical EducationWilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Tom J. Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical EducationWilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tucker JAL, McCarthy SF, Bornath DPD, Khoja JS, Hazell TJ. The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae093. [PMID: 39008822 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Energy intake may differ across the menstrual cycle, with some studies identifying greater energy intake in the luteal phase (LP) compared with the follicular phase (FP) and others finding no clear differences. To date, no study has systematically synthesized the available data to draw more definite conclusions while considering any methodological inconsistencies between studies. OBJECTIVE The aim was to conduct a systematic review/meta-analysis in an effort to determine if there are differences in energy intake between the FP and LP. DATA SOURCES A systematic search strategy was developed and the search was conducted in 5 databases for studies that investigated any changes in energy intake across menstrual phases. DATA EXTRACTION Using Covidence, studies were identified and included if they contained individuals between the ages of 18 and 45 years, maintained an average body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-25 kg/m2, had no history of disordered eating, and included energy intake and menstrual cycle measurements in the FP and LP. DATA ANALYSIS Effect sizes were calculated for each study and a random-effects model was used to pool the results of each study. RESULTS Fifteen datasets were included consisting of 330 female participants with a mean age of 26 ± 4 years and mean BMI of 22.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2. Overall, there was a statistically significant difference (standardized mean difference = 0.69; P = .039) with increased energy intake in the LP compared with the FP (crude 168 kcal⋅d-1 average difference between phases). CONCLUSION Energy intake was found to be greater in the LP compared with the FP, providing insight into the effect of the menstrual cycle on energy intake. However, there were repeated methodological inconsistencies and future work should strive to utilize best practices for both energy intake measurement and menstrual phase specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A L Tucker
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Seth F McCarthy
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Derek P D Bornath
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Jenna S Khoja
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye H, Yang X, Feng B, Luo P, Torres Irizarry VC, Carrillo-Sáenz L, Yu M, Yang Y, Eappen BP, Munoz MD, Patel N, Schaul S, Ibrahimi L, Lai P, Qi X, Zhou Y, Kota M, Dixit D, Mun M, Liew CW, Jiang Y, Wang C, He Y, Xu P. 27-Hydroxycholesterol acts on estrogen receptor α expressed by POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus to modulate feeding behavior. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi4746. [PMID: 38996023 PMCID: PMC11244552 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Oxysterols are metabolites of cholesterol that regulate cholesterol homeostasis. Among these, the most abundant oxysterol is 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), which can cross the blood-brain barrier. Because 27HC functions as an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator, we hypothesize that 27HC binds to the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the brain to regulate energy balance. Supporting this view, we found that delivering 27HC to the brain reduced food intake and activated proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (POMCARH) in an ERα-dependent manner. In addition, we observed that inhibiting brain ERα, deleting ERα in POMC neurons, or chemogenetic inhibition of POMCARH neurons blocked the anorexigenic effects of 27HC. Mechanistically, we further revealed that 27HC stimulates POMCARH neurons by inhibiting the small conductance of the calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel. Together, our findings suggest that 27HC, through its interaction with ERα and modulation of the SK channel, inhibits food intake as a negative feedback mechanism against a surge in circulating cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Pei Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Valeria C. Torres Irizarry
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Leslie Carrillo-Sáenz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Meng Yu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Eappen
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marcos David Munoz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nirali Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sarah Schaul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lucas Ibrahimi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Penghua Lai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xinyue Qi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuliang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Maya Kota
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Devin Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Madeline Mun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu YK, Watson HJ, Del Re AC, Finch JE, Hardin SL, Dumain AS, Brownley KA, Baker JH. Peripheral Biomarkers of Anorexia Nervosa: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:2095. [PMID: 38999843 PMCID: PMC11243150 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN) has been hypothesized to involve several biological systems. However, reliable biomarkers for AN have yet to be established. This study was aimed to identify statistically significant and clinically meaningful peripheral biomarkers associated with AN. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies published in English from inception until 30 June 2022. We conducted two-level random-effects meta-analyses to examine the difference between AN and comparison groups across 52 distinct biomarkers and found that acylated ghrelin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX), cholesterol, cortisol, des-acyl ghrelin, ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), obestatin, and soluble leptin receptor levels were significantly higher in cases of AN compared with those in non-AN controls. Conversely, C-reactive protein (CRP), CD3 positive, CD8, creatinine, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), leptin, luteinizing hormone, lymphocyte, and prolactin levels were significantly lower in AN compared with those in non-AN controls. Our findings indicate that peripheral biomarkers may be linked to the pathophysiology of AN, such as processes of adaptation to starvation. Scientific investigation into peripheral biomarkers may ultimately yield breakthroughs in personalized clinical care for AN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Wu
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hunna J Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Paediatrics, Division of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aaron C Del Re
- Del Re Data & Statistical Consulting, San Diego, CA 91910, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, 34127 Kassel, Germany
| | - Jody E Finch
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Sabrina L Hardin
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Alexis S Dumain
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kimberly A Brownley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica H Baker
- Equip Health, Inc., P.O. Box 131747, Carlsbad, CA 92013, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Scott A, Paulson A, Prill C, Kermoade K, Newell B, Richard JM. Ventral pallidal GABAergic neurons drive consumption in male, but not female rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.30.591876. [PMID: 38746325 PMCID: PMC11092650 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Food intake is controlled by multiple converging signals: hormonal signals that provide information about energy homeostasis, but also hedonic and motivational aspects of food and food cues that can drive non-homeostatic or "hedonic "feeding. The ventral pallidum (VP) is a brain region implicated in the hedonic and motivational impact of food and foods cues, as well as consumption of rewards. Disinhibition of VP neurons has been shown to generate intense hyperphagia, or overconsumption. While VP gamma-Aminobutyric acidergic (GABA) neurons have been implicated in cue-elicited reward seeking and motivation, the role of these neurons in the hyperphagia resulting from VP activation remains unclear. Here, we used Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) to activate or inhibit VP GABA neurons in sated male and female rats during chow and sucrose consumption. We found that activation of VP GABA neurons increases consumption of chow and sucrose in male rats, but not female rats. We also found that, while inhibition of VP GABA neurons tended to decrease sucrose consumption, this effect was not statistically significant. Together, these findings suggest that activation of VP GABA neurons can stimulate consumption of routine or highly palatable rewards selectively in male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Scott
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Anika Paulson
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Collin Prill
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kaiten Kermoade
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Molecular and Pharmacological Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bailey Newell
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jocelyn M. Richard
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Flores RA, Dos-Santos RC, Rodrigues-Santos I, de Jesus AA, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Elias LLK. Tonic noradrenergic input to neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus mediates food intake in male mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 462:114872. [PMID: 38266779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is essential for the control of food intake. Efferent projections from the DRN extend to several forebrain regions that are involved in the control of food intake. However, the neurotransmitters released in the DRN related to the control of food intake are not known. We have previously demonstrated that a tonic α1 action on DRN neurons contributes to satiety in the fed rats. In this study we investigated the participation of norepinephrine (NE) signaling in the DRN in the satiety response. Intra-DRN administration of NE causes an increase in the 2-hour food intake of sated mice, an effect that was blocked by previous administration of yohimbine, an α2 antagonist. Similarly, Intra-DRN administration of clonidine, an α2 agonist, increases food intake in sated mice. This result indicates that in the satiated mice exogenous NE acts on α2 receptors to increase food intake. Furthermore, administration of phenylephrine, an α1 agonist, decreases food intake in fasted mice and prazosin, an α1 antagonist, increases food intake in the sated mice. Taken together these results indicate that, in a satiated condition, a tonic α1 adrenergic action on the DRN neurons inhibits food intake and that exogenous NE administered to the DRN acts on α2 adrenergic receptors to increase food intake. These data reinforce the intricate neuronal functioning of the DRN and its effects on feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Appel Flores
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Av., Prof. Dr. Zeferino Vaz Building, ZIP Code: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raoni C Dos-Santos
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, 6602 Freret St, New Orleans, Percival Stern Hall, ZIP Code: 70118, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Isabelle Rodrigues-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Av., Prof. Dr. Zeferino Vaz Building, ZIP Code: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Alves de Jesus
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Av., Prof. Dr. Zeferino Vaz Building, ZIP Code: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Av., Prof. Dr. Zeferino Vaz Building, ZIP Code: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucila L K Elias
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Av., Prof. Dr. Zeferino Vaz Building, ZIP Code: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roch PJ, Noisser L, Böker KO, Hoffmann DB, Schilling AF, Sehmisch S, Komrakova M. Advantage of ostarine over raloxifene and their combined treatments for muscle of estrogen-deficient rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:709-720. [PMID: 37672168 PMCID: PMC10904410 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selective androgen (ostarine, OST) and estrogen (raloxifene, RAL) receptor modulators with improved tissue selectivity have been developed as alternatives to hormone replacement therapy. We investigated the combined effects of OST and RAL on muscle tissue in an estrogen-deficient rat model of postmenopausal conditions. METHODS Three-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into groups: (1) untreated non-ovariectomized rats (Non-OVX), (2) untreated ovariectomized rats (OVX), (3) OVX rats treated with OST, (4) OVX rats treated with RAL, (5) OVX rats treated with OST and RAL. Both compounds were administered in the diet. The average dose received was 0.6 ± 0.1 mg for OST and 11.1 ± 1.2 mg for RAL per kg body weight/day. After thirteen weeks, rat activity, muscle weight, structure, gene expression, and serum markers were analyzed. RESULTS OST increased muscle weight, capillary ratio, insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) expression, serum phosphorus, uterine weight. RAL decreased muscle weight, capillary ratio, food intake, serum calcium and increased Igf-1 and Myostatin expression, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). OST + RAL increased muscle nucleus ratio, uterine weight, serum phosphorus, FSH and luteinizing hormone and decreased body and muscle weight, serum calcium. Neither treatment changed muscle fiber size. OVX increased body and muscle weight, decreased uterine weight, serum calcium and magnesium. CONCLUSION OST had beneficial effects on muscle in OVX rats. Side effects of OST on the uterus and serum electrolytes should be considered before using it for therapeutic purposes. RAL and RAL + OST had less effect on muscle and showed endocrinological side effects on pituitary-gonadal axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Roch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - L Noisser
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K O Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A F Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, University of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thomas NS, Scalzo RL, Wellberg EA. Diabetes mellitus in breast cancer survivors: metabolic effects of endocrine therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:16-26. [PMID: 37783846 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive malignancy in the world, with millions of survivors living today. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is also a globally prevalent disease that is a widely studied risk factor for breast cancer. Most breast tumours express the oestrogen receptor and are treated with systemic therapies designed to disrupt oestrogen-dependent signalling. Since the advent of targeted endocrine therapy six decades ago, the mortality from breast cancer has steadily declined; however, during the past decade, an elevated risk of T2DM after breast cancer treatment has been reported, particularly for those who received endocrine therapy. In this Review, we highlight key events in the history of endocrine therapies, beginning with the development of tamoxifen. We also summarize the sequence of reported adverse metabolic effects, which include dyslipidaemia, hepatic steatosis and impaired glucose tolerance. We discuss the limitations of determining a causal role for breast cancer treatments in T2DM development from epidemiological data and describe informative preclinical studies that suggest complex mechanisms through which endocrine therapy might drive T2DM risk and progression. We also reinforce the life-saving benefits of endocrine therapy and highlight the need for better predictive biomarkers of T2DM risk and preventive strategies for the growing population of breast cancer survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha S Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rebecca L Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dakic T, Velickovic K, Lakic I, Ruzicic A, Milicevic A, Plackic N, Vujovic P, Jevdjovic T. Rat brown adipose tissue thermogenic markers are modulated by estrous cycle phases and short-term fasting. Biofactors 2024; 50:101-113. [PMID: 37482913 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) converts chemical energy into heat to maintain body temperature. Although fatty acids (FAs) represent a primary substrate for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent thermogenesis, BAT also utilizes glucose for the same purpose. Considering that estrous cycle effects on BAT are not greatly explored, we examined those of 6-h fasting on interscapular BAT (iBAT) thermogenic markers in proestrus and diestrus. We found that the percentage of multilocular adipocytes was lower in proestrus than in diestrus, although it was increased after fasting in both analyzed estrous cycle stages. Furthermore, the percentage of paucilocular adipocytes was increased by fasting, unlike the percentage of unilocular cells, which decreased in both analyzed stages of the estrous cycle. The UCP1 amount was lower in proestrus irrespectively of the examined dietary regimens. Regarding FA transporters, it was shown that iBAT CD36 content was increased in fasted rats in diestrus. In contrast to GLUT1, the level of GLUT4 was interactively modulated by selected estrous cycle phases and fasting. There was no change in insulin receptor and ERK1/2 activation, while AKT activation was interactively modulated by fasting and estrous cycle stages. Our study showed that iBAT exhibits morphological and functional changes in proestrus and diestrus. Moreover, iBAT undergoes additional dynamic functional and morphological changes during short-term fasting to modulate nutrient utilization and adjust energy expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Velickovic
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute for Zoology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Lakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ruzicic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Milicevic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Plackic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty for Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rolan EP, Mikhail ME, Culbert KM, Burt SA, Klump KL. Estrogen moderation of genetic influences on eating disorder symptoms during gonadarche in girls: Specific effects on binge eating. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 158:106384. [PMID: 37708824 PMCID: PMC10880121 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The heritability of eating disorder (ED) symptoms increases dramatically across gonadarche in girls. Past studies suggest these developmental differences could be due to pubertal activation of estrogen, but findings have been limited to only one ED symptom (i.e., binge eating). The current study examined whether estrogen contributes to gonadarcheal differences in genetic influences on overall levels of ED symptoms as well as key cognitive symptoms (i.e., weight/shape concerns) that are present across all EDs and are early risk factors for eating pathology. Given that binge eating frequently co-occurs with all of these symptoms, analyses also examined whether estrogen effects exist for overall levels of ED symptoms and body weight/shape concerns after accounting for the known effects of estrogen on genetic risk for binge eating. Participants included 964 female twins (ages 8-16) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Overall levels of ED symptoms were assessed with the Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS) total score. Weight/shape concerns were assessed with a latent factor modeled using subscales from the MEBS and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Estradiol levels were assessed with saliva samples. Twin moderation models were used to examine whether genetic influences on overall levels of ED symptoms and weight/shape concerns differed significantly across estradiol levels. Although initial models suggested modest differences in genetic influences on overall levels of ED symptoms across estradiol levels, these effects were eliminated when binge eating was accounted for in the models. In addition, weight/shape concerns did not show significant moderation of genetic influences by estradiol in models with or without binge eating. Taken together, results are significant in suggesting that individual differences in estradiol levels during gonadarche have a unique and specific impact on genetic risk for binge eating, while other etiologic factors must contribute to increased heritability of cognitive ED symptoms during this key developmental period in girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Rolan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Megan E Mikhail
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kristen M Culbert
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - S Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen F, Sarver DC, Saqib M, Velez LM, Aja S, Seldin MM, Wong GW. Loss of CTRP10 results in female obesity with preserved metabolic health. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565163. [PMID: 37961647 PMCID: PMC10635050 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Intriguingly, there is a subset of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals who are seemingly able to maintain a healthy metabolic profile free of metabolic syndrome. The molecular underpinnings of MHO, however, are not well understood. Here, we report that CTRP10/C1QL2-deficient mice represent a unique female model of MHO. CTRP10 modulates weight gain in a striking and sexually dimorphic manner. Female, but not male, mice lacking CTRP10 develop obesity with age on a low-fat diet while maintaining an otherwise healthy metabolic profile. When fed an obesogenic diet, female Ctrp10 knockout (KO) mice show rapid weight gain. Despite pronounced obesity, Ctrp10 KO female mice do not develop steatosis, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, or low-grade inflammation. Obesity is largely uncoupled from metabolic dysregulation in female KO mice. Multi-tissue transcriptomic analyses highlighted gene expression changes and pathways associated with insulin-sensitive obesity. Transcriptional correlation of the differentially expressed gene (DEG) orthologous in humans also show sex differences in gene connectivity within and across metabolic tissues, underscoring the conserved sex-dependent function of CTRP10. Collectively, our findings suggest that CTRP10 negatively regulates body weight in females, and that loss of CTRP10 results in benign obesity with largely preserved insulin sensitivity and metabolic health. This female MHO mouse model is valuable for understanding sex-biased mechanisms that uncouple obesity from metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangluo Chen
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dylan C. Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Muzna Saqib
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leandro M Velez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcus M. Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yasrebi A, Regan D, Roepke TA. The influence of estrogen response element ERα signaling in the control of feeding behaviors in male and female mice. Steroids 2023; 195:109228. [PMID: 36990195 PMCID: PMC10205686 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Circulating 17β-estradiol (E2) controls energy homeostasis and feeding behaviors primarily by its nuclear receptor, estrogen receptor (ER) α. As such, it is important to understand the role of ERα signaling in the neuroendocrine control of feeding. Our previous data indicated that the loss of ERα signaling through estrogen response elements (ERE) alters food intake in a female mouse model. Hence, we hypothesize that ERE-dependent ERα is necessary for typical feeding behaviors in mice. To test this hypothesis, we examined feeding behaviors on low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) in three mouse strains: total ERα knockout (KO), ERα knockin/knockout (KIKO), which lack a functional DNA-binding domain, and their wild type (WT) C57 littermates comparing intact males and females and ovariectomized females with or without E2 replacement. All feeding behaviors were recorded using the Biological Data Acquisition monitoring system (Research Diets). In intact male mice, KO and KIKO consumed less than WT mice on LFD and HFD, while in intact female mice, KIKO consumed less than WT and KO. These differences were primarily driven by shorter meal duration in the KO and KIKO. In ovariectomized females, E2-treated WT and KIKO consumed more LFD than KO driven in part by an increase in meal frequency and a decrease in meal size. On HFD, WT consumed more than KO with E2, again due to effects on meal size and frequency. Collectively, these suggest that both ERE-dependent and -independent ERα signaling are involved in feeding behaviors in female mice depending on the diet consumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Regan
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health, and the New Jersey Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kimball MG, Harding CT, Couvillion KE, Stansberry KR, Kelly TR, Lattin CR. Effect of estradiol and predator cues on behavior and brain responses of captive female house sparrows ( Passer domesticus). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1172865. [PMID: 37427407 PMCID: PMC10326312 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1172865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of predators can cause major changes in animal behavior, but how this interacts with hormonal state and brain activity is poorly understood. We gave female house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in post-molt condition an estradiol (n = 17) or empty implant (n = 16) for 1 week. Four weeks after implant removal, a time when female sparrows show large differences in neuronal activity to conspecific vs. heterospecific song, we exposed birds to either 30 min of conspecific song or predator calls, and video recorded their behavior. Females were then euthanized, and we examined neuronal activity using the expression of the immediate early gene (IEG) ZENK to identify how the acoustic stimuli affected neuronal activation. We predicted that if female sparrows with estradiol implants reduce neuronal activity in response to predator calls as they do to neutral tones and non-predatory heterospecifics, they would show less fear behavior and a decreased ZENK response in brain regions involved in auditory (e.g., caudomedial mesopallium) and threat perception functions (e.g., medial ventral arcopallium) compared to controls. Conversely, we predicted that if females maintain auditory and/or brain sensitivity towards predator calls, then female sparrows exposed to estradiol would not show any differences in ZENK response regardless of playback type. We found that female sparrows were less active during predator playbacks independent of hormone treatment and spent more time feeding during conspecific playback if they had previously been exposed to estradiol. We observed no effect of hormone or sound treatment on ZENK response in any region of interest. Our results suggest that female songbirds maintain vigilance towards predators even when in breeding condition.
Collapse
|
18
|
Saavedra-Peña RDM, Taylor N, Flannery C, Rodeheffer MS. Estradiol cycling drives female obesogenic adipocyte hyperplasia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112390. [PMID: 37053070 PMCID: PMC10567995 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) distribution is sex dependent. Adipocyte hyperplasia contributes to WAT distribution in mice driven by cues in the tissue microenvironment, with females displaying hyperplasia in subcutaneous and visceral WAT, while males and ovariectomized females have visceral WAT (VWAT)-specific hyperplasia. However, the mechanism underlying sex-specific hyperplasia remains elusive. Here, transcriptome analysis in female mice shows that high-fat diet (HFD) induces estrogen signaling in adipocyte precursor cells (APCs). Analysis of APCs throughout the estrous cycle demonstrates increased proliferation only when proestrus (high estrogen) coincides with the onset of HFD feeding. We further show that estrogen receptor α (ERα) is required for this proliferation and that estradiol treatment at the onset of HFD feeding is sufficient to drive it. This estrous influence on APC proliferation leads to increased obesity driven by adipocyte hyperplasia. These data indicate that estrogen drives ERα-dependent obesogenic adipocyte hyperplasia in females, exacerbating obesity and contributing to the differential fat distribution between the sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Del M Saavedra-Peña
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Natalia Taylor
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Clare Flannery
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rules for body fat interventions based on an operating point mechanism. iScience 2023; 26:106047. [PMID: 36818281 PMCID: PMC9929596 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventions to reduce fat are important for human health. However, they can have opposing effects such as exercise that decreases fat but increases food intake, or coherent effects such as leptin resistance which raises both. Furthermore, some interventions show an overshoot in food intake, such as recovery from a diet, whereas others do not. To explain these properties we present a graphical framework called the operating point model, based on leptin control of feeding behavior. Steady-state fat and food intake is given by the intersection of two experimental curves - steady-state fat at a given food intake and ad libitum food intake at a given fat level. Depending on which curve an intervention shifts, it has opposing or coherent effects with or without overshoot, in excellent agreement with rodent data. The model also explains the quadratic relation between leptin and fat in humans. These concepts may guide the understanding of fat regulation disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Aladhami AK, Unger CA, Hope MC, Cotham WE, Velázquez KT, Enos RT. Augmenting Skeletal Muscle Estrogen Does not Prevent or Rescue Obesity-linked Metabolic Impairments in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6678809. [PMID: 36039699 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We developed a novel mouse model with increased skeletal muscle estrogen content via inducible, skeletal-muscle-specific aromatase overexpression (SkM-Arom↑). We proposed to examine the effect that increased skeletal muscle estrogen both in gonadally intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice has on preventing or rescuing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. METHODS In the prevention experiment, gonadally intact and OVX SkM-Arom↑ mice and littermate controls were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD for 13 weeks. SkM-Arom↑ was induced at the initiation of dietary treatment. In the intervention experiment, gonadally intact and OVX SkM-Arom↑ mice and littermate controls were fed an HFD for 14 weeks before induction of SkM-Arom↑ for 6 weeks. Glucose tolerance, insulin action, adipose tissue inflammation, and body composition were assessed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine circulating and skeletal muscle steroid content. RESULTS SkM-Arom↑ significantly increased skeletal muscle 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) in both experiments. Interestingly, this resulted in leakage of estrogens into circulation, producing a physiologically relevant E2 concentration. Consequently, bone mineral density (BMD) was enhanced and adipose tissue inflammation was reduced in the prevention experiment only. However, no benefits were seen with respect to changes in adiposity or metabolic outcomes. CONCLUSION We show that increasing skeletal muscle estrogen content does not provide a metabolic benefit in gonadally intact and OVX female mice in the setting of obesity. However, a chronic physiological concentration of circulating E2 can improve BMD and reduce adipose tissue inflammation independently of a metabolic benefit or changes in adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
- University of Baghdad, Nursing College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Christian A Unger
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
| | - Marion C Hope
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
| | - William E Cotham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Kandy T Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
| | - Reilly T Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bellot P, Dupont SM, Brischoux F, Budzinski H, Chastel O, Fritsch C, Lourdais O, Prouteau L, Rocchi S, Angelier F. Experimental Exposure to Tebuconazole Affects Metabolism and Body Condition in a Passerine Bird, the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2500-2511. [PMID: 35899983 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triazole compounds are among the most widely used fungicides in agroecosystems to protect crops from potential fungal diseases. Triazoles are suspected to have an impact on nontarget species due to their interactions with nonfungal sterol synthesis, and wild birds are likely to be contaminated by triazole fungicides because many of them live in agroecosystems. We experimentally tested whether exposure to environmental concentrations of a triazole could alter key integrative traits (metabolic rates and body condition) of an agroecosystem sentinel species, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Wild-caught adult sparrows were maintained in captivity and exposed (exposed group) or not (control group) for 7 continuous months to tebuconazole through drinking water. The metabolic rates of exposed and control sparrows were then measured at two different temperatures (12 °C and 25 °C), which correspond, respectively, to the thermoregulation and thermoneutrality temperatures of this species. We found that exposed sparrows had lower resting metabolic rates (i.e., measured at thermoneutrality, 25 °C) than controls. However, the thermoregulatory metabolic rates (i.e., measured at 12 °C) did not differ between exposed and control sparrows. Although the body mass and condition were not measured at the beginning of the exposure, sparrows at the time of the metabolic measurements 7 months after the onset of such exposure had a higher body condition than controls, supporting further the idea that tebuconazole affects metabolic functions. Our study demonstrates for the first time that the use of tebuconazole can alter metabolism and could potentially lead to adverse effects in birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2500-2511. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bellot
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Sophie Marie Dupont
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, Talence, France
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Louise Prouteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS-EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC Research Group, Talence, France
| | - Steffi Rocchi
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen Y, Kim M, Paye S, Benayoun BA. Sex as a Biological Variable in Nutrition Research: From Human Studies to Animal Models. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:227-250. [PMID: 35417195 PMCID: PMC9398923 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062220-105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biological sex is a fundamental source of phenotypic variability across species. Males and females have different nutritional needs and exhibit differences in nutrient digestion and utilization, leading to different health outcomes throughout life. With personalized nutrition gaining popularity in scientific research and clinical practice, it is important to understand the fundamentals of sex differences in nutrition research. Here, we review key studies that investigate sex dimorphism in nutrition research: sex differences in nutrient intake and metabolism, sex-dimorphic response in nutrient-restricted conditions, and sex differences in diet and gut microbiome interactions. Within each area above, factors from sex chromosomes, sex hormones, and sex-specific loci are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Minhoo Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Sanjana Paye
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yao F, Zhuang Y, Shen X, Wang X. Attentional bias towards appealing and disgusting food cues varies with the menstrual cycle. Appetite 2022; 175:106063. [PMID: 35513206 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian hormonal changes along the female menstrual cycle are believed to adapt women to the external environment through various adaptive strategies, including modulating appetite and eating behavior. We aimed to compare food-associated behavioral responses between two distinct menstrual phases (late follicular vs. mid-luteal) and investigate the underlying neural mechanism. Attentional bias towards visual food cues was repeatedly measured in 29 healthy young women during these two menstrual phases in a counterbalanced manner. Combining an emotional dot-probe task with frequency-tagged electroencephalography (EEG), we confirmed that the menstrual cycle modulated healthy women's attentional bias towards appealing and disgusting food cues. Women in the mid-luteal phase showed more avoidance of disgusting food cues, as reflected by a significantly longer response time. Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) results indicated that they exhibited a trend of transiently enhanced attentional bias towards appealing food cues and another trend of speeded attentional withdrawal from disgusting food cues during the mid-luteal phase relative to the late follicular phase, albeit non-significant after correction for multiple testing. Moreover, a significantly larger P3 amplitude was evoked by probes following the presentation of disgusting food cues in the mid-luteal phase than the late follicular phase. These findings indicate divergent attentional deployments on emotional food cues across menstrual phases and suggest the mid-luteal phase as a relatively sensitive stage in the menstrual cycle for women to regulate their appetite and eating behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangshu Yao
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Zhuang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueer Shen
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Peiris M, Aktar R, Reed D, Cibert-Goton V, Zdanaviciene A, Halder W, Robinow A, Corke S, Dogra H, Knowles CH, Blackshaw A. Decoy bypass for appetite suppression in obese adults: role of synergistic nutrient sensing receptors GPR84 and FFAR4 on colonic endocrine cells. Gut 2022; 71:928-937. [PMID: 34083384 PMCID: PMC8995825 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colonic enteroendocrine cells (EECs) store and release potent anorectic hormones that are key regulators of satiety. EECs express multiple nutrient sensing receptors, particularly for medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs): GPR84 and FFAR4. Here we show a non-surgical approach with targeted colonic delivery of MCFA, which induces EEC and neuronal activation leading to anorectic effects. DESIGN A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed in obese adults given combined GPR84 and FFAR4 agonists in colonic release capsules before meals. We measured serum hormones, energy intake and appetite perception. Cell type, activation by agonists and hormone/serotonin release were determined in human colonic explants. Mouse colonic afferent nerve responses to nutrients/mediators were recorded electrophysiologically. RESULTS Subjects receiving GPR84 and FFAR4 agonists had reduced overall calorific intake and increased postprandial levels of PYY versus placebo. Receptors including GPR84 and FFAR4 were coexpressed on human colonic EEC. Activation of GPR84 exclusively induced intracellular pERK, whereas FFAR4 selectively activated pCaMKII. Coactivation of GPR84 and FFAR4 induced both phosphoproteins, and superadditive release of GLP-1 and PYY. Nutrients and hormones convergently activated murine colonic afterent nerves via GLP-1, Y2 and 5-HT3 receptors. CONCLUSIONS Colonic GPR84 and FFAR4 agonists reduce energy intake and increase postprandial PYY in obese adults. Human colonic EECs coexpress these receptors, which activate cells via parallel intracellular pathways and synergistically evoke hormone release. Further synergism occurs in sensory nerve responses to MCFA and EEC mediators. Thus, synergistic activation of colonic endocrine cells via nutrient receptors is an important target for metabolic regulation. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04292236.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madusha Peiris
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rubina Aktar
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research, Queen's University, Kingston, Queensland, Canada
| | - Vincent Cibert-Goton
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ausra Zdanaviciene
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Writaja Halder
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adam Robinow
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Simon Corke
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Harween Dogra
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Charles H Knowles
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ashley Blackshaw
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Impact of Binge-Like Palatable Food Intake on the Endogenous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 System in Female Rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 428:113869. [PMID: 35378108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating involves consumption of large amounts of food and a loss of control over the amount consumed. The incidence of binge eating disorder is higher in females than males, hinting at important sex differences in binge eating behavior, but the neural underpinnings of binge eating still remain unresolved. Recent work in male rats has shown that a history of binge-like palatable food intake suppresses hindbrain expression of preproglucagon (PPG), the precursor for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Given the roles of GLP-1 in reducing feeding and food reward, this could be a mechanism underlying binge-like eating in rodents. However, whether similar effects occur in female rats is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a history of binge-like palatable food intake in female rats would reduce PPG expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), a key central site of GLP-1 production. Female rats given access to vegetable shortening every fourth day (4D) engaged in binge-like feeding, demonstrated by consuming significantly more shortening during the first hour of fat access compared to counterparts with ad libitum (AL) fat access. After several weeks of fat access under these schedules, PPG and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression were measured in the NTS and ileum. Surprisingly, and in contrast to previous findings in male rats, there were no significant differences in expression of PPG or GLP-1R in either site in 4D versus AL rats, nor were there effects on plasma GLP-1 levels. These findings highlight key differences in the effects of binge-like intake on the central GLP-1 system in female compared to male rats.
Collapse
|
26
|
The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051107. [PMID: 35268082 PMCID: PMC8912662 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an incapacitating condition characterized by loss of interest, anhedonia and low mood, which affects almost 4% of people worldwide. With rising prevalence, it is considered a public health issue that affects economic productivity and heavily increases health costs alone or as a comorbidity for other pandemic non-communicable diseases (such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc.). What is even more noteworthy is the double number of women suffering from MDD compared to men. In fact, this sex-related ratio has been contemplated since men and women have different sexual hormone oscillations, where women meet significant changes depending on the age range and moment of life (menstruation, premenstruation, pregnancy, postpartum, menopause…), which seem to be associated with susceptibility to depressive symptoms. For instance, a decreased estrogen level promotes decreased activation of serotonin transporters. Nevertheless, sexual hormones are not the only triggers that alter neurotransmission of monoamines and other neuropeptides. Actually, different dietary habits and/or nutritional requirements for specific moments of life severely affect MDD pathophysiology in women. In this context, the present review aims to descriptively collect information regarding the role of malnutrition in MDD onset and course, focusing on female patient and especially macro- and micronutrient deficiencies (amino acids, ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs), folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, minerals…), besides providing evidence for future nutritional intervention programs with a sex-gender perspective that hopefully improves mental health and quality of life in women.
Collapse
|
27
|
Clarke GS, Gatford KL, Young RL, Grattan DR, Ladyman SR, Page AJ. Maternal adaptations to food intake across pregnancy: Central and peripheral mechanisms. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1813-1824. [PMID: 34623766 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A sufficient and balanced maternal diet is critical to meet the nutritional demands of the developing fetus and to facilitate deposition of fat reserves for lactation. Multiple adaptations occur to meet these energy requirements, including reductions in energy expenditure and increases in maternal food intake. The central nervous system plays a vital role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis and responds to multiple metabolic and nutrient cues, including those arising from the gastrointestinal tract. This review describes the nutrient requirements of pregnancy and the impact of over- and undernutrition on the risk of pregnancy complications and adult disease in progeny. The central and peripheral regulation of food intake is then discussed, with particular emphasis on the adaptations that occur during pregnancy and the mechanisms that drive these changes, including the possible role of the pregnancy-associated hormones progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, and growth hormone. We identify the need for deeper mechanistic understanding of maternal adaptations, in particular, changes in gut-brain axis satiety signaling. Improved understanding of food intake regulation during pregnancy will provide a basis to inform strategies that prevent maternal under- or overnutrition, improve fetal health, and reduce the long-term health and economic burden for mothers and offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia S Clarke
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard L Young
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Intestinal Nutrient Sensing Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence: Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence: Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sadeghian R, Shahidi S, Komaki A, Habibi P, Ahmadiasl N, Yousefi H, Daghigh F. Synergism effect of swimming exercise and genistein on the inflammation, oxidative stress, and VEGF expression in the retina of diabetic-ovariectomized rats. Life Sci 2021; 284:119931. [PMID: 34480934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Retinal neovascularization is one of the visual disorders during the postmenopausal period or types two diabetes. Physical activities and also phytoestrogens with powerful antioxidant features have been widely considered to improve nervous system diseases. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of genistein, swimming exercise, and their co-treatment on retina angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in diabetic-ovariectomized rats. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8 per group): sham, ovariectomized group (OVX), OVX + diabetes (OVX.D), OVX.D+ genistein (1 mg/kg, eight weeks; daily SC), OVX.D + exercise (eight weeks), and OVX.D+ genistein+exercise (eight weeks). At the end of 8 weeks, the retina was removed under anesthesia. The assessed effects of treatment were by measuring MiR-146a and miR-132 expression via RT-PCR, the protein levels of ERK, MMP-2, VEGF, and NF-κB via western blotting, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers levels via the Eliza. KEY FINDINGS The results showed miR-132, miR-146b, and MMP-2, NF-κB, ERK, VEGF, TNF-α, IL-1β proteins, and MDA factor in the OVX.D group were increased, but glutathione (GSH) was decreased in comparison with the sham and OVX groups. Both exercise and genistein treatment has reversed the disorder caused by diabetes. However, the combination of exercise and genistein was more effective than each treatment alone. SIGNIFICANCE It can be concluded that the interaction of exercise and genistein on microRNAs and their target protein was affected in the inflammation, stress oxidative, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase pathways, can leading to a decrease in impairment of retinal neovascularization of the ovariectomized diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Sadeghian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parisa Habibi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Nasser Ahmadiasl
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Yousefi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Maher EE, Overby PF, Bull AH, Beckmann JS, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Koebele SV, Bimonte-Nelson HA, Gipson CD. Natural and synthetic estrogens specifically alter nicotine demand and cue-induced nicotine seeking in female rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108756. [PMID: 34416269 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Women have more difficulty maintaining smoking cessation than men, and experience greater withdrawal symptomatology as well as higher prevalence of relapse. Further, currently available treatments for smoking cessation, such as the nicotine patch and varenicline, have been shown to be less effective in women. Fluctuations in ovarian hormones across the menstrual cycle can affect craving and smoking relapse propensity. In addition, many women who smoke use some form of oral contraceptives, which most often contain ethinyl estradiol (EE), a synthetic, orally bio-available estrogen that is currently prescribed to women chronically and has been shown to alter smoking reward in women. The current study examined the impact of 17β-estradiol (E2), the prominent endogenous form of the steroid hormone estrogen, as well as EE, on nicotine self-administration, demand, and reinstatement following ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery. OVX vehicle-treated female rats consumed less nicotine, had lower intensity of demand, and reinstated less compared to sham vehicle-treated female rats. OVX-E2 and OVX-EE treatment groups showed a rebound of nicotine intake later in training, and Q0 levels of consumption were partially rescued in both groups. Further, E2 but not EE reversed the abolishment of reinstated nicotine seeking induced by OVX. Taken together, these results demonstrate that natural and synthetic estrogens play a critical role in mediating the neurobehavioral effects of nicotine, and future studies are essential for our understanding of how synthetic hormones contained within oral contraceptives interact with smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Maher
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Paula F Overby
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Amanda H Bull
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua S Beckmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Stephanie V Koebele
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Arizonia Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Heather A Bimonte-Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Arizonia Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Cassandra D Gipson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
A review of sex differences in the mechanisms and drivers of overeating. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100941. [PMID: 34454955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disordered eating is often associated with marked psychological and emotional distress, and severe adverse impact on quality of life. Several factors can influence eating behavior and drive food consumption in excess of energy requirements for homeostasis. It is well established that stress and negative affect contribute to the aetiology of eating disorders and weight gain, and there is substantial evidence suggesting sex differences in sub-clinical and clinical types of overeating. This review will examine how negative affect and stress shape eating behaviors, and how the relationship between the physiological, endocrine, and neural responses to stress and eating behaviors differs between men and women. We will examine several drivers of overeating and explore possible mechanisms underlying sex differences in eating behavior.
Collapse
|
31
|
Purcell SA, Marker RJ, Cornier MA, Melanson EL. Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103394. [PMID: 34684403 PMCID: PMC8540510 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many breast cancer survivors (BCS) gain fat mass and lose fat-free mass during treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery) and estrogen suppression therapy, which increases the risk of developing comorbidities. Whether these body composition alterations are a result of changes in dietary intake, energy expenditure, or both is unclear. Thus, we reviewed studies that have measured components of energy balance in BCS who have completed treatment. Longitudinal studies suggest that BCS reduce self-reported energy intake and increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Although some evidence suggests that resting metabolic rate is higher in BCS than in age-matched controls, no study has measured total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in this population. Whether physical activity levels are altered in BCS is unclear, but evidence suggests that light-intensity physical activity is lower in BCS compared to age-matched controls. We also discuss the mechanisms through which estrogen suppression may impact energy balance and develop a theoretical framework of dietary intake and TDEE interactions in BCS. Preclinical and human experimental studies indicate that estrogen suppression likely elicits increased energy intake and decreased TDEE, although this has not been systematically investigated in BCS specifically. Estrogen suppression may modulate energy balance via alterations in appetite, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity. There are several potential areas for future mechanistic energetic research in BCS (e.g., characterizing predictors of intervention response, appetite, dynamic changes in energy balance, and differences in cancer sub-types) that would ultimately support the development of more targeted and personalized behavioral interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Purcell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-A.C.); (E.L.M.)
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryan J. Marker
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marc-Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-A.C.); (E.L.M.)
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-A.C.); (E.L.M.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou Y, Xue X, Guo Y, Liu H, Hou Z, Chen Z, Wang N, Li F, Wang Y. A quinoxaline-based compound ameliorates bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2502-2510. [PMID: 34308655 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211032133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DMB (6,7-dichloro-2-methylsulfonyl-3-Ntert-butylaminoquinoxaline) is a quinoxaline-based compound that has been investigated as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist. To clarify anti-osteoporosis effect of DMB, an osteoporotic mice model was established by ovariectomy (OVX) operation. The OVX mice were given intraperitoneally DMB, exendin-4 (EX-4), or 17β-estradiol (E2) for two months. Then bone mass and structure, and bone morphometric parameters were examined by micro-CT. Weight gain and food consumption, bone turnover markers, and biomechanical strength of the femur were tested, and bone histomorphometry was analyzed. The food intake and weight gain was obviously reduced by E2 or EX-4, but not DMB. However, DMB or EX-4 treatment obviously inhibited skeletal deterioration and enhanced bone strength. The improvement involved in the increased osteoblast number and level of bone formation markers, and reduced osteoclasts number and level of bone resorption markers. In addition, DMB was found to stimulate osteoblastogenesis-related marker gene expression. These results demonstrated that DMB ameliorated bone loss mainly via induction of bone formation, which suggests that the small molecule compound might be applied to the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China.,Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Shaanxi Provincial Research Center for Project of Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Zheng Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Motaghi S, Jonaidi H, Talebifard H, Chavoshizadeh M. The avian central roles of alpha and beta oestrogen receptors on food intake. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:308-312. [PMID: 34085317 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, oestrogen reduces food intake centrally via alpha oestrogen receptors (αER). As there was no report about the central roles of oestrogen receptors of alpha and beta, on food intake behaviour in birds, we aimed at this subject. In the first experiment beta oestradiol, a specific beta oestrogen receptor (βER; 0, 2.5, 5,10, 15 and 31 μg) was injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) to 3-h fasted broilers. The second and third experiments were similar to the first one, but alpha oestradiol, the specific (αER; 2.5, 5 and 10 μg) and MPP hydrochloride, a highly selective antagonist of (αER) (0.1, 1 and 10 μg) were used. Our result showed that alpha oestradiol increased food intake and MPP hydrochloride reversed this effect. This study shows that, similar to rodents, in the avian brain (aER) are involved in food intake behavior, but despite them, their effects are stimulatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahel Motaghi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Jonaidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hadis Talebifard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Chavoshizadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wijarn P, Poomthavorn P, Khlairit P, Pongratanakul S, Chailurkit L, Mahachoklertwattana P. Short-term effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue treatment on leptin, ghrelin and peptide YY in girls with central precocious puberty. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:479-484. [PMID: 33655737 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine appetite-regulating hormone levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) before and after 20 weeks of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-A) treatment. METHODS Eighteen newly diagnosed CPP girls were enrolled. Body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and GnRH-A test were performed with fasting serum leptin, ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) measurements at baseline (before) and after 20 weeks of GnRH-A treatment. RESULTS Following GnRH-A treatment, all patients had prepubertal gonadotropin and estradiol levels. Mean (SD) fat mass index (FMI) was significantly increased from 4.5 (1.7) to 5.0 (1.8) kg/m2 after treatment. Also, median (IQR) serum leptin level was significantly increased from 6.9 (4.2-8.6) to 7.4 (5.3-13.1) ng/mL. FMI had a positive correlation with serum leptin level (r=0.64, p=0.004). In contrast, no significant changes of serum ghrelin and PYY levels were observed. CONCLUSIONS Decreased estrogen following short-term GnRH-A treatment in CPP girls may cause an increase in appetite and consequently an elevation of FMI. Increased serum leptin may be a result of having increased FMI secondary to an increase in appetite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyathida Wijarn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preamrudee Poomthavorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Khlairit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarunyu Pongratanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laor Chailurkit
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pat Mahachoklertwattana
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Neuroendocrine control of appetite and metabolism. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:505-516. [PMID: 33837263 PMCID: PMC8102538 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Body homeostasis is predominantly controlled by hormones secreted by endocrine organs. The central nervous system contains several important endocrine structures, including the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Conventionally, neurohormones released by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (hypophysis) have received much attention owing to the unique functions of the end hormones released by their target peripheral organs (e.g., glucocorticoids released by the adrenal glands). Recent advances in mouse genetics have revealed several important metabolic functions of hypothalamic neurohormone-expressing cells, many of which are not readily explained by the action of the corresponding classical downstream hormones. Notably, the newly identified functions are better explained by the action of conventional neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate and GABA) that constitute a neuronal circuit. In this review, we discuss the regulation of appetite and metabolism by hypothalamic neurohormone-expressing cells, with a focus on the distinct contributions of neurohormones and neurotransmitters released by these neurons.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yamada C. Relationship between Orexigenic Peptide Ghrelin Signal, Gender Difference and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073763. [PMID: 33916403 PMCID: PMC8038632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a), which is one of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is involved in various physiological actions such as energy consumption, growth hormone secretion promoting action, and cardiovascular protective action. The ligand was searched for as an orphan receptor for a while, but the ligand was found to be acylated ghrelin (ghrelin) discovered by Kangawa and Kojima et al. in 1999. Recently, it has also been reported that dysregulation of GHS-R1a mediates reduced feeding in various diseases. On the other hand, since the physiological effects of ghrelin have been studied exclusively in male mice, few studies have been conducted on gender differences in ghrelin reactivity. In this review, we describe (1) the characteristics of GHS-R1a, (2) the role of ghrelin in hypophagia due to stress or anticancer drugs, and (3) the gender differences in the physiological effects of GHS-R1a and the influence of stress on it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yamada
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dahir NS, Calder AN, McKinley BJ, Liu Y, Gilbertson TA. Sex differences in fat taste responsiveness are modulated by estradiol. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E566-E580. [PMID: 33427045 PMCID: PMC7988783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00331.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sex as a biological variable has been the focus of increasing interest. Relatively few studies have focused, however, on differences in peripheral taste function between males and females. Nonetheless, there are reports of sex-dependent differences in chemosensitivity in the gustatory system. The involvement of endogenous changes in ovarian hormones has been suggested to account for taste discrepancies. Additionally, whether sex differences exist in taste receptor expression, activation, and subsequent signaling pathways that may contribute to different taste responsiveness is not well understood. In this study, we show the presence of both the nuclear and plasma membrane forms of estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA and protein in mouse taste cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence that estrogen increases taste cell activation during the application of fatty acids, the chemical cue for fat taste, in taste receptor cells. We found that genes important for the transduction pathway of fatty acids vary between males and females and that these differences also exist across the various taste papillae. In vivo support for the effect of estrogens in taste cells was provided by comparing the fatty acid responsiveness in male, intact female, and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice with and without hormone replacement. In general, females detected fatty acids at lower concentrations, and the presence of circulating estrogens increased this apparent fat taste sensitivity. Taken together, these data indicate that increased circulating estrogens in the taste system may play a significant role in physiology and chemosensory cellular activation and, in turn, may alter taste-driven behavior.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using molecular, cellular, and behavioral analyses, this study shows that sex differences occur in fat taste in a mouse model. Female mice are more responsive to fatty acids, leading to an overall decrease in intake and fatty acid preference. These differences are linked to sex hormones, as estradiol enhances taste cell responsiveness to fatty acids during periods of low circulating estrogen following ovariectomy and in males. Estradiol is ineffective in altering fatty acid signaling during a high-estrogen period and in ovariectomized mice on hormone replacement. Thus, taste receptor cells are a direct target for actions of estrogen, and there are multiple receptors with differing patterns of expression in taste cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naima S Dahir
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ashley N Calder
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Yan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Timothy A Gilbertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Do BMI and Sex Hormones Influence Visual Attention to Food Stimuli in Women? Tracking Eye Movements Across the Menstrual Cycle. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-020-00273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
39
|
Li H, Clarke GS, Christie S, Ladyman SR, Kentish SJ, Young RL, Gatford KL, Page AJ. Pregnancy-related plasticity of gastric vagal afferent signals in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G183-G192. [PMID: 33206550 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00357.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) sense food-related mechanical stimuli and signal to the central nervous system, to integrate control of meal termination. Pregnancy is characterized by increased maternal food intake, which is essential for normal fetal growth and to maximize progeny survival and health. However, it is unknown whether GVA function is altered during pregnancy to promote food intake. This study aimed to determine the mechanosensitivity of GVAs and food intake during early, mid-, and late stages of pregnancy in mice. Pregnant mice consumed more food compared with nonpregnant mice, notably in the light phase during mid- and late pregnancy. The increased food intake was predominantly due to light-phase increases in meal size across all stages of pregnancy. The sensitivity of GVA tension receptors to gastric distension was significantly attenuated in mid- and late pregnancy, whereas the sensitivity of GVA mucosal receptors to mucosal stroking was unchanged during pregnancy. To determine whether pregnancy-associated hormonal changes drive these adaptations, the effects of estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and growth hormone on GVA tension receptor mechanosensitivity were determined in nonpregnant female mice. The sensitivity of GVA tension receptors to gastric distension was augmented by estradiol, attenuated by growth hormone, and unaffected by progesterone or prolactin. Together, the data indicate that the sensitivity of GVA tension receptors to tension is reduced during pregnancy, which may attenuate the perception of gastric fullness and explain increased food intake. Further, these adaptations may be driven by increases in maternal circulating growth hormone levels during pregnancy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides first evidence that gastric vagal afferent signaling is attenuated during pregnancy and inversely associated with meal size. Growth hormone attenuated mechanosensitivity of gastric vagal afferents, adding support that increases in maternal growth hormone may mediate adaptations in gastric vagal afferent signaling during pregnancy. These findings have important implications for the peripheral control of food intake during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Georgia S Clarke
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stewart Christie
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephen J Kentish
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard L Young
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stopyra MA, Friederich HC, Lavandier N, Mönning E, Bendszus M, Herzog W, Simon JJ. Homeostasis and food craving in obesity: a functional MRI study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2464-2470. [PMID: 34404907 PMCID: PMC8528711 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Food intake in obesity has been found to be reward-based and less contingent on homeostatic needs. Accordingly, previous studies investigating neural processing of food cues observed aberrant processing in reward- and control-related brain regions in obesity. To further investigate the relation between homeostasis and food intake, this study investigated the influence of glucose metabolism on the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving in participants with obesity. METHODS Twenty-five normal-weight and 25 women with obesity were examined on two occasions after receiving either water or glucose directly into the stomach using a nasogastric tube. Participants were blinded to the type of infusion and were required to refrain from eating for 16 h before each visit. An event-related fMRI paradigm was used to investigate the effect of intestinal glucose load on the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving. RESULTS A 2 × 2 mixed-model ANOVA revealed that craving regulation was associated with increased activation in fronto-parietal regions in participants with obesity when compared to healthy controls. However, this effect was observed independently from homeostatic satiety. A regression analysis revealed that the reduction of food craving was related to increased activation in the lingual gyrus in individuals with obesity following the infusion of water. CONCLUSIONS In participants with obesity, the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving is associated with increased neural cognitive top-down control and increased visual food processing. Since this observation was independent from satiety status, our results indicate a reduced influence of homeostasis on neural processing during food craving in obesity. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.org: NCT03075371.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Stopyra
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H.-C. Friederich
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. Lavandier
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. Mönning
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Bendszus
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W. Herzog
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. J. Simon
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Meng Y, Lohse B, Cunningham-Sabo L. Sex modifies the association between the CLOCK variant rs1801260 and BMI in school-age children. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236991. [PMID: 32785234 PMCID: PMC7423126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythms and variations in the FTO gene may interfere with energy homeostasis and play a role in the development of obesity. The current study assessed the association of common polymorphisms in the CLOCK and FTO genes with standardized body mass index scores (BMI z-scores) and their potential modification of the impact of a culinary nutrition and physical activity intervention in school-age children. Anthropometric measurements were collected in 121 children at the baseline and one-year follow-up of a controlled trial of a school-based culinary nutrition and physical activity intervention. Genotypes of the CLOCK polymorphism (rs1801260) and the FTO polymorphism (rs9939609) were obtained from buccal swabs. Linear mixed-effects regression was applied to evaluate the genetic association and adjust for clusters within families and schools. In our participants, obesity affected 6.6% (8/121) of the children at the baseline and 6.4% (7/109) of the children at the follow-up. The associations between the age- and sex-adjusted BMI z-scores and the two polymorphisms did not reach statistically significance. Yet, sex potentially modified the association between rs1801260 and BMI z-scores. In girls, the G allele carriers had a higher BMI z-scores at the baseline and the follow-up. These polymorphisms did not modify the effect of our culinary nutrition and physical activity intervention on BMI z-scores. Sex is a potential modifier for the association between the CLOCK polymorphism, rs1801260, and BMI z-scores in school-age children. Further investigation is warranted to delineate the sex-dependent role of the CLOCK polymorphisms in the development of childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Barbara Lohse
- Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Leslie Cunningham-Sabo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Strahler J, Hermann A, Schmidt NM, Stark R, Hennig J, Munk AJ. Food cue-elicited brain potentials change throughout menstrual cycle: Modulation by eating styles, negative affect, and premenstrual complaints. Horm Behav 2020; 124:104811. [PMID: 32592725 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is evidence for increased food intake and craving during the luteal phase, underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The present study investigated electrophysiological responses to food pictures as a function of menstrual cycle phase. In addition, the moderating effects of progesterone, eating behaviors (restraint, emotional, orthorexic), negative affect, and premenstrual complaints were explored. METHODS Using a within-subject design, 35 free-cycling women watched and rated pictures of food (high and low caloric) and control items during the follicular, the ovulatory, and the luteal phase (counterbalanced), while EEG was recorded to examine the late positive potentials (LPP). Salivary gonadal hormones and affect were examined at each occasion. Eating behaviors and premenstrual complaints were assessed once. RESULTS For parietal regions, average LPPs were comparable between cycle phases but slightly larger LPP amplitudes were elicited by high caloric food pictures as compared to the neutral category. Descriptively, both food categories elicited larger parietal LPPs than neutral pictures during the luteal phase. Analyses of LPPs for central-parietal regions showed no effect of picture category or cycle phase, except higher amplitudes in the right area during the luteal phase. During the luteal phase, progesterone and functional interference from premenstrual symptoms (but not age, BMI, picture ratings, affect, estradiol, or eating behaviors) significantly predicted larger parietal LPPs towards high caloric (but not low caloric) pictures. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a heightened food cue reactivity during the luteal phase, which may relate to higher ovarian hormone secretion and more functional impact of premenstrual symptoms. This research contributes to a better understanding of menstrual health and the identification of preventive strategies for premenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Strahler
- Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | - A Hermann
- Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - N M Schmidt
- Differential and Biological Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - R Stark
- Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - J Hennig
- Differential and Biological Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - A J Munk
- Differential and Biological Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Navarro VM. Metabolic regulation of kisspeptin - the link between energy balance and reproduction. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:407-420. [PMID: 32427949 PMCID: PMC8852368 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons serve as the nodal regulatory centre of reproductive function. These neurons are subjected to a plethora of regulatory factors that ultimately affect the release of kisspeptin, which modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from GnRH neurons to control the reproductive axis. The presence of sufficient energy reserves is critical to achieve successful reproduction. Consequently, metabolic factors impose a very tight control over kisspeptin synthesis and release. This Review offers a synoptic overview of the different steps in which kisspeptin neurons are subjected to metabolic regulation, from early developmental stages to adulthood. We cover an ample array of known mechanisms that underlie the metabolic regulation of KISS1 expression and kisspeptin release. Furthermore, the novel role of kisspeptin neurons as active players within the neuronal circuits that govern energy balance is discussed, offering evidence of a bidirectional role of these neurons as a nexus between metabolism and reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Navarro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bhardwaj P, Ikeda T, Zhou XK, Wang H, Zheng XE, Giri DD, Elemento O, Verma A, Miyazawa M, Mukherjee S, Falcone DJ, Wendel NK, Scherr DS, Dannenberg AJ. Supplemental estrogen and caloric restriction reduce obesity-induced periprostatic white adipose inflammation in mice. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:914-923. [PMID: 31067318 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of high-grade prostate cancer (PC) and worse prognosis for PC patients. Recently, we showed in men that obesity-related periprostatic white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, characterized by macrophages surrounding dead or dying adipocytes forming crown-like structures, was associated with high-grade PC. Possibly, interventions that suppress periprostatic WAT inflammation will improve outcomes for men with PC. Here, we tested the hypothesis that supplemental 17β-estradiol (E2) could decrease periprostatic WAT inflammation in obese male mice. Mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce periprostatic WAT inflammation before being treated with supplemental E2. E2 supplementation suppressed caloric intake, induced weight loss, decreased periprostatic WAT inflammation and downregulated the expression of genes linked to inflammation including Cd68, Mcp1 and Tnf. Similar to the effects of E2 supplementation, treatment with diethylstilbestrol, a synthetic estrogen, also suppressed caloric intake and reduced periprostatic WAT inflammation. To determine whether the observed effects of supplemental estrogen could be reproduced by caloric restriction (CR) alone, obese mice were put on a 30% CR diet. Like estrogen treatment, CR was effective in reducing body weight, periprostatic WAT inflammation and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Transcriptomic analyses of periprostatic fat showed that obesity was associated with enrichment in inflammatory response pathways, which were normalized by both supplemental E2 and CR. Taken together, these findings strengthen the rationale for future efforts to determine whether either CR or supplemental estrogen will decrease periprostatic WAT inflammation and thereby improve outcomes for men with PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takahiro Ikeda
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi Emily Zheng
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Computational Biomedicine and Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Computational Biomedicine and Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine
| | - Miki Miyazawa
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Domenick J Falcone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nils K Wendel
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas S Scherr
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine-New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Butler MJ, Perrini AA, Eckel LA. Estradiol treatment attenuates high fat diet-induced microgliosis in ovariectomized rats. Horm Behav 2020; 120:104675. [PMID: 31923417 PMCID: PMC7117977 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) increases circulating free fatty acids, which can enter the brain and promote a state of microgliosis, as defined by a change in microglia number and/or morphology. Most studies investigating diet-induced microgliosis have been conducted in male rodents despite well-documented sex differences in the neural control of food intake and neuroimmune signaling. This highlights the need to investigate how sex hormones may modulate the behavioral and cellular response to HFD consumption. Estradiol is of particular interest since it exerts a potent anorexigenic effect and has both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain. As such, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether estradiol attenuates the development of HFD-induced microgliosis in female rats. Estradiol- and vehicle-treated ovariectomized rats were fed either a low-fat chow diet or a 60% HFD for 4 days, after which they were perfused and brain sections were processed via immunohistochemistry for microglia-specific Iba1 protein. Four days of HFD consumption promoted microgliosis, as measured via an increase in the number of microglia in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and a decrease in microglial branching in the ARC, NTS, lateral hypothalamus (LH), and ventromedial hypothalamus. Estradiol replacement attenuated the HFD-induced changes in microglia accumulation and morphology in the ARC, LH, and NTS. We conclude that estradiol has protective effects against HFD-induced microgliosis in a region-specific manner in hypothalamic and hindbrain areas implicated in the neural control of food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Butler
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Alexis A Perrini
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Lisa A Eckel
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Neutering in dogs and cats: current scientific evidence and importance of adequate nutritional management. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:134-144. [PMID: 31931899 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neutering or spaying is a commonly recommended veterinary procedure. However, veterinarians are often confronted with conflicting findings and differences in concepts regarding practice and proper nutritional management after the procedure. The objective of the present review was to bring to light the most recent literature, summarise it and discuss the findings focusing on the risks and benefits of neutering in dogs and cats, and to determine the appropriate nutritional management for these animals.
Collapse
|
47
|
Roch PJ, Henkies D, Carstens JC, Krischek C, Lehmann W, Komrakova M, Sehmisch S. Ostarine and Ligandrol Improve Muscle Tissue in an Ovariectomized Rat Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:556581. [PMID: 33042018 PMCID: PMC7528560 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.556581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In postmenopausal women, hormonal decline changes muscle function and structure. The non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) Ostarine (OS) and Ligandrol (LG) have been shown to increase muscle mass and physical function while showing a relative low risk profile. Information about their effects on muscle structure and metabolism is lacking. To analyze this, two experiments were performed using ovariectomized rats as a standard model for postmenopausal conditions. In each experiment, 3-month old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 12 to 15). One group remained intact (Non-OVX), the other four groups were ovariectomized (OVX) and remained untreated for eight (OS Experiment) or nine (LG Experiment) weeks. Thereafter, rats of three of the four OVX groups were treated with OS or LG (with doses of 0.04, 0.4, or 4 mg/kg body weight/day) for 5 weeks. Then, uterus, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles were weighed, fiber size, capillary density, and enzyme activity (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], citrate synthase [CS], and complex I) were analyzed. In the LG experiment, intramuscular fat content was determined in the quadriceps femoris muscle. All OS treatments resulted in a higher capillary density in the gastrocnemius and longissimus muscles compared with the Non-OVX and the OVX rats, whereas all LG treatments showed a higher capillary density compared with the Non-OVX group. Muscle fiber size and distribution patterns were not changed under either SARM. The CS activity was higher in the longissimus muscle under OS treatment. LG resulted in a higher activity of CS in the gastrocnemius and of LDH in the longissimus muscle. Both SARMs showed an uterotrophic effect, OS at 4 and 0,4 mg dosages, LG at 4 mg dosage. In sum, beneficial effect on muscle vascularization was observed for both SARMs with a stronger impact for OS. LG showed more effect on muscle metabolism. However, a higher muscle weight and intramuscular fat content observed after LG treatment (4 mg) as well as an uterotrophic effect of both SARMs at higher dosages could be considered as an unfavorable side effects and might be a limitation for their application at these dosages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jonathan Roch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Paul Jonathan Roch
| | - Danny Henkies
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Christoph Carstens
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Krischek
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ovarian hormones influence eating disorder symptom variability during the menopause transition: A pilot study. Eat Behav 2019; 35:101337. [PMID: 31726420 PMCID: PMC8248960 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorder symptoms change in a predictable pattern over the menstrual cycle such that changes in symptoms are triggered by changes in the ovarian hormones estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). To date, work in this area has focused exclusively on young adult women. The objective of this pilot study was to examine the effect of E2 and P4 on eating disorder symptom change in midlife women during early perimenopause. METHOD Participants included women aged 42-52 in early perimenopause (n=8). In-home self-assessments were completed for one menstrual cycle or 40-days, whichever occurred first. In-home self-assessments included collecting saliva samples each morning for E2 and P4 assays and completing online study questionnaires at the end of each day. Multilevel regression models examined the associations of E2 and P4 with daily symptoms of binge eating and body dissatisfaction. RESULTS E2 was positively associated with binge eating when P4 was high, but not when P4 was low. E2 was inversely associated with body dissatisfaction when P4 was low, but positively associated with body dissatisfaction when P4 was high. However, the simple slopes for the effect of E2 at both high and low P4 were not significant for body dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Despite the pilot nature of this study, results are broadly consistent with the young adult literature indicating that P4 levels shape the impact of E2 on eating disorder symptoms. Larger studies with the inclusion of key moderators to account for individual heterogeneity are needed to confirm and extend these findings.
Collapse
|
49
|
Li H, Buisman-Pijlman FTA, Nunez-Salces M, Christie S, Frisby CL, Inserra A, Hatzinikolas G, Lewis MD, Kritas S, Wong ML, Page AJ. Chronic stress induces hypersensitivity of murine gastric vagal afferents. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13669. [PMID: 31241809 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress exposure is known to trigger and exacerbate functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms. Increased gastric sensitivity to food-related stimuli is widely observed in FD patients and is associated with stress and psychological disorders. The mechanisms underlying the hypersensitivity are not clear. Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) play an important role in sensing meal-related mechanical stimulation to modulate gastrointestinal function and food intake. This study aimed to determine whether GVAs display hypersensitivity after chronic stress, and whether its interaction with leptin was altered by stress. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress or no stress (control) for 8 weeks. The metabolic rate, gastric emptying rate, and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were determined. GVA mechanosensitivity, and its modulation by leptin, was determined using an in vitro single fiber recording technique. QRT-PCR was used to establish the levels of leptin and leptin receptor mRNA in the stomach and nodose ganglion, respectively. KEY RESULTS The stressed mice had lower body weight and food intake, and increased anxiety-like behavior compared to the control mice. The mechanosensitivity of mucosal and tension-sensitive GVAs was higher in the stressed mice. Leptin potentiated mucosal GVA mechanosensitivity in control but not stressed mice. The expression of leptin mRNA in the gastric mucosa was lower in the stressed mice. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES In conclusion, chronic stress enhances GVA mechanosensitivity, which may contribute to the gastric hypersensitivity in FD. In addition, the modulatory effect of leptin on GVA signaling is lost after chronic stress exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Femke T A Buisman-Pijlman
- Behavioural Neuroscience, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Nunez-Salces
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stewart Christie
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claudine L Frisby
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Antonio Inserra
- Neuropsychiatric Laboratory of Mental Health Disorder, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - George Hatzinikolas
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin D Lewis
- Neuropsychiatric Laboratory of Mental Health Disorder, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stamatiki Kritas
- Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Neuropsychiatric Laboratory of Mental Health Disorder, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dugandzic A, Ratko M, Habek N. Anxiety‐like behavior in female mice changes by feeding, possible effect of guanylate cyclase C. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 52:2781-2790. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Dugandzic
- Laboratory of cellular neurophysiology Croatian Institute for Brain Research School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
- Department of Physiology School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Martina Ratko
- Laboratory of cellular neurophysiology Croatian Institute for Brain Research School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Nikola Habek
- Laboratory of cellular neurophysiology Croatian Institute for Brain Research School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
- Department of Physiology School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| |
Collapse
|