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Qing X, Ji Y, Yuan C, Xie K, Wang K. Global, regional and national burdens of nutritional deficiencies, from 1990 to 2019. Br J Nutr 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38826087 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524001272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The epidemiological and burden characteristics of nutritional deficiencies (ND) have been evolving, and it is crucial to identify geographical disparities and emerging trends. This study aimed to analyse the global, regional and national trends in the burden of ND over the past 30 years. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database for the period 1990-2019. The study examined the incidence rates and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of ND at various levels. Globally, the incidence rate of ND decreased from 2226·2 per 100 000 in 2019 to 2096·3 per 100 000 in the same year, indicating a decline of 5·8 %. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was -0·21 (-0·31, -0·11). Similarly, DALY, prevalence and mortality rates of ND exhibited significant declines (AAPC = -3·21 (-3·45, -2·96), AAPC = -0·53 (-0·55, -0·51) and AAPC = -4·97 (-5·75, -4·19), respectively). The incidence rate of ND varied based on age group, sex, cause and geographical area. Moreover, a negative association was observed between incidence and the sociodemographic index. At the regional level, the South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa regions had the highest incidence rates of ND. In conclusion, the global incidence rate of ND showed a mixed pattern, while the DALY rate consistently declined. Additionally, prevalence and mortality rates of ND decreased between 1990 and 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qing
- Clinical Laboratory, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, People's Republic of China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurou Ji
- West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunke Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, People's Republic of China
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Fernández-García P, Taxerås SD, Reyes-Farias M, González L, Soria-Gondek A, Pellitero S, Tarascó J, Moreno P, Sumoy L, Stephens JM, Yoo LG, Galán M, Izquierdo A, Medina-Gómez G, Herrero L, Corrales P, Villarroya F, Cereijo R, Sánchez-Infantes D. Claudin-1 as a novel target gene induced in obesity and associated to inflammation, fibrosis, and cell differentiation. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:201-210. [PMID: 38375549 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T lymphocytes from visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissues (vWAT and sWAT, respectively) can have opposing roles in the systemic metabolic changes associated with obesity. However, few studies have focused on this subject. Claudin-1 (CLDN1) is a protein involved canonically in tight junctions and tissue paracellular permeability. We evaluated T-lymphocyte gene expression in vWAT and sWAT and in the whole adipose depots in human samples. METHODS A Clariom D-based transcriptomic analysis was performed on T lymphocytes magnetically separated from vWAT and sWAT from patients with obesity (Cohort 1; N = 11). Expression of candidate genes resulting from that analysis was determined in whole WAT from individuals with and without obesity (Cohort 2; patients with obesity: N = 13; patients without obesity: N = 14). RESULTS We observed transcriptional differences between T lymphocytes from sWAT compared with vWAT. Specifically, CLDN1 expression was found to be dramatically induced in vWAT T cells relative to those isolated from sWAT in patients with obesity. CLDN1 was also induced in obesity in vWAT and its expression correlates with genes involved in inflammation, fibrosis, and adipogenesis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CLDN1 is a novel marker induced in obesity and differentially expressed in T lymphocytes infiltrated in human vWAT as compared with sWAT. This protein may have a crucial role in the crosstalk between T lymphocytes and other adipose tissue cells and may contribute to inflammation, fibrosis, and alter homeostasis and promote metabolic disease in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fernández-García
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
| | - Siri D Taxerås
- Endocrinology Department, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Farias
- Endocrinology Department, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona 08916, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Lorena González
- Endocrinology Department, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Andrea Soria-Gondek
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Silvia Pellitero
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jordi Tarascó
- General Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Pau Moreno
- General Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Lauro Sumoy
- Endocrinology Department, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center (PBRC), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Lindsey G Yoo
- Adipocyte Biology Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center (PBRC), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - María Galán
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
| | - Adriana Izquierdo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Corrales
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Infectious Diseases Unit, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Infantes
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid E-28922, Spain
- Endocrinology Department, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona 08916, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Ngo TB, Josyula A, DeStefano S, Fertil D, Faust M, Lokwani R, Sadtler K. Intersection of Immunity, Metabolism, and Muscle Regeneration in an Autoimmune-Prone MRL Mouse Model. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306961. [PMID: 38192168 PMCID: PMC10953568 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Due to the limited capacity of mammals to regenerate complex tissues, researchers have worked to understand the mechanisms of tissue regeneration in organisms that maintain that capacity. One example is the MRL/MpJ mouse strain with unique regenerative capacity in ear pinnae that is absent from other strains, such as the common C57BL/6 strain. The MRL/MpJ mouse has also been associated with an autoimmune phenotype even in the absence of the mutant Fas gene described in its parent strain MRL/lpr. Due to these findings, the differences between the responses of MRL/MpJ versus C57BL/6 strain are evaluated in volumetric muscle injury and subsequent material implantation. One salient feature of the MRL/MpJ response to injury is robust adipogenesis within the muscle. This is associated with a decrease in M2-like polarization in response to biologically derived extracellular matrix scaffolds. In pro-fibrotic materials, such as polyethylene, there are fewer foreign body giant cells in the MRL/MpJ mice. As there are reports of both positive and negative influences of adipose tissue and adipogenesis on wound healing, this model can provide an important lens to investigate the interplay between stem cells, adipose tissue, and immune responses in trauma and material implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran B. Ngo
- Section on ImmunoengineeringCenter for Biomedical Engineering and Technology AccelerationNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20814USA
| | - Aditya Josyula
- Section on ImmunoengineeringCenter for Biomedical Engineering and Technology AccelerationNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20814USA
| | - Sabrina DeStefano
- Section on ImmunoengineeringCenter for Biomedical Engineering and Technology AccelerationNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20814USA
| | - Daphna Fertil
- Section on ImmunoengineeringCenter for Biomedical Engineering and Technology AccelerationNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20814USA
| | - Mondreakest Faust
- Section on ImmunoengineeringCenter for Biomedical Engineering and Technology AccelerationNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20814USA
| | - Ravi Lokwani
- Section on ImmunoengineeringCenter for Biomedical Engineering and Technology AccelerationNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20814USA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section on ImmunoengineeringCenter for Biomedical Engineering and Technology AccelerationNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20814USA
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Procaccini C, de Candia P, Russo C, De Rosa G, Lepore MT, Colamatteo A, Matarese G. Caloric restriction for the immunometabolic control of human health. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2787-2800. [PMID: 36848376 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition affects all physiological processes occurring in our body, including those related to the function of the immune system; indeed, metabolism has been closely associated with the differentiation and activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells. While excessive energy intake and adiposity have been demonstrated to cause systemic inflammation, several clinical and experimental evidence show that calorie restriction (CR), not leading to malnutrition, is able to delay aging and exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in different pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the ability of different CR-related nutritional strategies to control autoimmune, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases, as tested by preclinical studies and human clinical trials, with a specific focus on the immunological aspects of these interventions. In particular, we recapitulate the state of the art on the cellular and molecular mechanisms pertaining to immune cell metabolic rewiring, regulatory T cell expansion, and gut microbiota composition, which possibly underline the beneficial effects of CR. Although studies are still needed to fully evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the nutritional intervention in clinical practice, the experimental observations discussed here suggest a relevant role of CR in lowering the inflammatory state in a plethora of different pathologies, thus representing a promising therapeutic strategy for the control of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola de Candia
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Russo
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy De Rosa
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Lepore
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Réus GZ, Recco KCC, Machado KMSH, Silva RH, Arent CO, Amboni G, Niero FS, Pedro LC, Borba LA, Bagatini MD, de Oliveira GG, da Silva AP, Mingoti MED, Ignácio ZM, Gava FF, Petronilho F, Quevedo J, Ceretta LB, de Azevedo Cardoso T. COVID-19, Anxiety, and Body Mass Index Increase Leptin Levels: a Cross-sectional Multicentric Study. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03788-9. [PMID: 38123701 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19, critical gaps remain to be explored. This study aimed to investigate potential alterations in adipokine levels (specifically adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) among individuals with COVID-19. Within this population, we further assessed the association between these markers with both, body mass index (BMI) and psychiatric symptoms. This cross-sectional study included an age- and sex-matched sample of adults with COVID-19 (cases) and without COVID-19 (controls). We evaluated the severity of psychiatric symptoms, BMI, and adipokines. Individuals with COVID-19 presented greater BMI, stress levels, and leptin levels when compared to controls. Leptin levels were greater in individuals with moderate/severe COVID-19 as compared to individuals with COVID-19 who were asymptomatic or having mild symptoms. Leptin levels were positively correlated with BMI, severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and stress levels in the total sample. Leptin levels were also positively correlated with BMI, severity of anxiety symptoms, and stress levels in controls. In cases, there was a positive correlation between adiponectin and the severity of depressive symptoms and stress levels and leptin/resistin with BMI. A linear regression model revealed that BMI, severity of anxiety symptoms, and the diagnosis of COVID-19 are independently associated with increased leptin levels. Thus, leptin levels seem to be impacted by the COVID-19 infection, anxiety, and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
| | - Kelen C C Recco
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Karynne M S H Machado
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ritele H Silva
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Camila O Arent
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Graziela Amboni
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Flávia S Niero
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pedro
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Laura A Borba
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Margarete D Bagatini
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Alana Patrícia da Silva
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Maiqueli Eduarda D Mingoti
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Zuleide Maria Ignácio
- Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of the Southern Frontier, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Gava
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luciane B Ceretta
- Graduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Woodward B, Hillyer LM, Monk JM. The Tolerance Model of Non-Inflammatory Immune Competence in Acute Pediatric Malnutrition: Origins, Evidence, Test of Fitness and Growth Potential. Nutrients 2023; 15:4922. [PMID: 38068780 PMCID: PMC10707886 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tolerance model rests on the thesis of a physiologically regulated, albeit unsustainable, systemic attempt to adapt to the catabolic challenge posed by acute prepubescent malnutrition even in its severe forms. The model centers on the immunological component of the attempt, positing reorientation toward a non-inflammatory form of competence in place of the classic paradigm of immunological attrition and exhaustion. The foundation of the model was laid in 1990, and sixteen years later it was articulated formally on the basis of a body of evidence centered on T cell cytokines and interventions with cytokine and hormonal mediators. The benefit originally suggested was a reduced risk of autoimmune pathologies consequent to the catabolic release of self-antigens, hence the designation highlighting immune tolerance. Herein, the emergence of the tolerance model is traced from its roots in the recognition that acute malnutrition elicits an endocrine-based systemic adaptive attempt. Thereafter, the growth of the evidence base supporting the model is outlined, and its potential to shed new light on existing information is tested by application to the findings of a published clinical study of acutely malnourished children. Finally, some knowledge gaps pertinent to the model are identified and its potential for growth consonant with evolving perceptions of immunobiology is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Woodward
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.M.H.); (J.M.M.)
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Kuang T, Zhang L, Qiu Z, Zhang Y, Wang W. Prognostic value of body composition on survival outcomes in melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1261202. [PMID: 38077332 PMCID: PMC10704136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1261202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The influence of body composition on the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with melanoma is still uncertain in clinical practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the potential association between body composition and clinical outcomes in patients with melanoma undergoing ICIs treatment. Methods A systematic literature search was performed across several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar, to gather relevant studies. The primary outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), assessed by hazard ratios (HR). Secondary outcomes, such as adverse events (AE), were evaluated using odds ratios (OR). Results This meta-analysis comprised ten articles involving a total of 1,283 patients. Systemic analysis of all collected evidence revealed that body composition, including low skeletal muscle index (SMI) (OS: HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.13-2.43, p = 0.010; PFS: HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06-1.55, p = 0.009), high subcutaneous adipose tissue density (SMD) (OS: HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.09-3.44, p = 0.025; PFS: HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.06-1.63, p = 0.012), and sarcopenia (OS: HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.51, p = 0.022; PFS: HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.51, p = 0.022), were significantly associated with OS and PFS in melanoma patients treated with ICIs. However, these markers did not show a significant association with treatment-related adverse events. Interestingly, no significant correlation was found between visceral fat index (VFI) (OS: HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.29-1.76, p = 0.462; PFS: HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.93-1.02, p = 0.274) and OS or PFS in melanoma patients under ICIs treatment. Conclusion Body composition was found to be associated with decreased treatment response and lower long-term efficacy in patients with melanoma undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. However, it is important to note that body composition did not appear to contribute to increased incidence of adverse events in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei KeyLaboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei KeyLaboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhendong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei KeyLaboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei KeyLaboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Ding S, Chen R, Wang L, Zu C, Zhou X, Zhang J, Zhang M, Jin A, Wang T, Hu Y. Cytokine release syndrome was an independent risk factor associated with hypoalbuminemia for patients with relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies after CAR-T cell therapy. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1055. [PMID: 37919691 PMCID: PMC10621126 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study aims to assess the nutritional status of patients during the different phases of the Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and to identify prominent risk factors of hypoalbuminemia in patients after CAR-T treatment. The clinical consequences of malnutrition in cancer patients have been highlighted by growing evidence from previous clinical studies. Given CAR-T cell therapy's treatment intensity and possible side effects, it is important to provide patients with sufficient medical attention and support for their nutritional well-being. METHODS This study was conducted from May 2021 to December 2021 among patients undergoing CAR-T cell therapy at the Bone Marrow Transplantation Center in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the risk factors associated with hypoalbuminemia. Participants were divided into the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) group (n = 60) and the non-CRS group (n = 11) to further analyze the relationship between hypoalbuminemia and CRS. RESULTS CRS (OR = 13.618; 95% CI = 1.499-123.709; P = 0.013) and baseline albumin (ALB) (OR = 0.854; 95% CI = 0.754-0.967; P = 0.020) were identified as the independent clinical factors associated with post-CAR-T hypoalbuminemia. According to the nadir of serum albumin, hypoalbuminemia occurred most frequently in patients with severe CRS (78.57%). The nadir of serum albumin (r = - 0.587, P < 0.001) and serum albumin at discharge (r = - 0.315, P = 0.01) were negatively correlated for the duration of CRS. Furthermore, patients with hypoalbuminemia deserved longer hospitalization (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS CRS was identified as a significant risk factor associated with post-CAR-T hypoalbuminemia. An obvious decline in serum albumin was observed as the grade and duration of CRS increase. However, further research is still needed to elucidate the mechanisms of CRS-associated hypoalbuminemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Ding
- Department of nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Linqin Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Cheng Zu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Department of nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Aiyun Jin
- Department of nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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9
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Ngo TB, Josyula A, DeStefano S, Fertil D, Faust M, Lokwani R, Sadtler K. Ectopic adipogenesis in response to injury and material implantation in an autoimmune mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.05.561105. [PMID: 37986843 PMCID: PMC10659416 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.05.561105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited capacity of mammals to regenerate complex tissues, researchers have worked to understand the mechanisms of tissue regeneration in organisms that maintain that capacity. One example is the MRL/MpJ mouse strain with unique regenerative capacity in ear pinnae that is absent from other strains, such as the common C57BL/6 strain. The MRL/MpJ mouse has also been associated with an autoimmune phenotype even in the absence of the mutant Fas gene described in its parent strain MRL/lpr. Due to these findings, we evaluated the differences between the responses of MRL/MpJ versus C57BL/6 strain in traumatic muscle injury and subsequent material implantation. One salient feature of the MRL/MpJ response to injury was a robust adipogenesis within the muscle. This was associated with a decrease in M2-like polarization in response to biologically derived extracellular matrix scaffolds. In pro-fibrotic materials, such as polyethylene, there were fewer foreign body giant cells in the MRL/MpJ mice. As there are reports of both positive and negative influences of adipose tissue and adipogenesis on wound healing, this model could provide an important lens to investigate the interplay between stem cells, adipose tissue, and immune responses in trauma and materials implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran B. Ngo
- Section on Immunoengineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20814
| | - Aditya Josyula
- Section on Immunoengineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20814
| | - Sabrina DeStefano
- Section on Immunoengineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20814
| | - Daphna Fertil
- Section on Immunoengineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20814
| | - Mondreakest Faust
- Section on Immunoengineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20814
| | - Ravi Lokwani
- Section on Immunoengineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20814
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section on Immunoengineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20814
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10
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Braga Tibaes JR, Barreto Silva MI, Makarowski A, Cervantes PB, Richard C. The nutrition and immunity (nutrIMM) study: protocol for a non-randomized, four-arm parallel-group, controlled feeding trial investigating immune function in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1243359. [PMID: 37727636 PMCID: PMC10505731 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1243359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Individuals with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes are at higher risk of infection and have worse prognoses compared to healthy individuals. Several factors may influence immune responses in this population, including high adiposity, hyperglycemia, and unhealthy dietary habits. However, there is insufficient data on the independent or clustered contribution of these factors to obesity-related immune dysfunction, especially accounting for dietary intake. This study aims to establish the independent contribution of obesity and hyperglycemia to immune dysfunction independent of diet in adults with and without obesity with or without type 2 diabetes. Methods The Nutrition and Immunity (nutrIMM) study is a single-centre, non-randomized, four-arm, parallel-group, controlled feeding trial. It will enroll adults without obesity (Lean-NG) and with obesity and three metabolic phenotypes of normoglycemia, glucose intolerance, and type 2 diabetes. Participants will be assigned to one of four groups and will consume a standard North American-type diet for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes are plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and concentration of ex-vivo interleukin-2 secreted upon stimulation of T cells with phytohemagglutinin. Discussion This will be the first controlled feeding study examining the contribution of obesity, hyperglycemia, and diet on systemic inflammation, immune cell phenotype, and function in adults of both sexes. Results of this clinical trial can ultimately be used to develop personalized dietary strategies to optimize immune function in individuals with obesity with different immune and metabolic profiles. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04291391.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Inês Barreto Silva
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexander Makarowski
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paulina Blanco Cervantes
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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11
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Nergiz S, Ozturk U. The Effect of Prognostic Nutritional Index on Infection in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040679. [PMID: 37109637 PMCID: PMC10143634 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Malnutrition is frequently seen in stroke patients. Malnutrition worsens the prognosis and increases the mortality rate in acute ischemic stroke patients. Malnutrition is a significant factor not only in the initiation of infection but also in its progression. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a new index that evaluates the nutrition and inflammatory status. This study aims to investigate the relationship between PNI and stroke-related infection (SRI) development during hospitalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: Acute ischemic stroke was the primary diagnosis for 158 patients who were admitted to the neurology intensive care unit. Patients' demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were recorded. PNI was calculated according to the formula given below. PNI: 10 × serum albumin (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count (mm3). PNI > 380 normal, PNI: 350-380 moderate malnutrition risk, PNI < 350 severe malnutrition risk. Results: A total of 158 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included in the study. There were 70 male and 88 female patients, whereas the mean age of the patients was 67.79 ± 14.0 years. Nosocomial infection developed in 34 (21%) of the patients. Compared to high PNI scores, patients with low PNI scores were generally older, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, atrial fibrillation, infection, mortality rate, and hospitalization rates were all significantly higher. Conclusions: In this study, we discovered that patients with poor PNI had a considerably increased rate of infection development. It is vital to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with acute ischemic stroke during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Nergiz
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Ataturk Faculty of Health Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - Unal Ozturk
- Department of Neurology, Health Sciences University of Turkey, Diyarbakır Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir 21070, Turkey
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12
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Makrakis D, Rounis K, Tsigkas AP, Georgiou A, Galanakis N, Tsakonas G, Ekman S, Papadaki C, Monastirioti A, Kontogianni M, Gioulbasanis I, Mavroudis D, Agelaki S. Effect of body tissue composition on the outcome of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277708. [PMID: 36763597 PMCID: PMC9916610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and sarcopenia have been reported to affect outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We analyzed prospective data from 52 patients with non-oncogene driven metastatic NSCLC treated with ICIs. Body tissue composition was calculated by measuring the fat and muscle densities at the level of 3rd lumbar vertebra in each patient computed tomography scan before ICI initiation using sliceOmatic tomovision. We converted the densities to indices [Intramuscular Fat Index (IMFI), Visceral Fat Index (VFI), Subcutaneous Fat Index (SFI), Lumbar Skeletal Muscle Index (LSMI)] by dividing them by height in meters squared. Patients were dichotomized based on their baseline IMFI, VFI and SFI according to their gender-specific median value. The cut-offs that were set for LMSI values were 55 cm2/m2 for males and 39 cm2/m2 for females. SFI distribution was significantly higher (p = 0.040) in responders compared to non-responders. None of the other variables affected response rates. Low LSMI HR: 2.90 (95% CI: 1.261-6.667, p = 0.012) and low SFI: 2.20 (95% CI: 1.114-4.333, p = 0.023) values predicted for inferior OS. VFI and IMFI values did not affect survival. Subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle tissue composition significantly affected immunotherapy outcomes in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Makrakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Konstantinos Rounis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandros-Pantelis Tsigkas
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Georgiou
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Galanakis
- Department of Medical Imaging, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Tsakonas
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Ekman
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chara Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexia Monastirioti
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Meropi Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Gioulbasanis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Animus Kyanus Stavros General Clinic, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitris Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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13
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Tognolli K, Silva V, Sousa-Filho CPB, Cardoso CAL, Gorjão R, Otton R. Green tea beneficial effects involve changes in the profile of immune cells in the adipose tissue of obese mice. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:321-336. [PMID: 35994086 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During obesity, the adipose tissue is usually infiltrated by immune cells which are related to hallmarks of obesity such as systemic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). Green tea (GT) has been widely studied for its anti-inflammatory actions, including the modulation in the proliferation and activity of immune cells, in addition to preventing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. METHODS The aim of the present study was to analyze the population of immune cells present in the subcutaneous and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice kept at thermoneutrality (TN) and fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, supplemented or not with GT extract (500 mg/kg/12 weeks). RESULTS The HFD in association with TN has induced chronic inflammation, and IR in parallel with changes in the profile of immune cells in the subcutaneous and epidydimal WAT, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines release, inflammatory cells infiltration, and fibrotic aspects in WAT. On the other hand, GT prevented body weight gain, in addition to avoiding IR and inflammation, and the consequent tissue fibrosis, maintaining a lower concentration of cytokines and a profile of immune cells similar to the control mice, preventing the harmful modulations induced by both HFD and TN. CONCLUSIONS GT beneficial effects in WAT abrogated the deleterious effects triggered by HFD and TN, maintaining all immune cells and fibrotic markers at the same level as in lean mice. These results place WAT immune cells population as a potential target of GT action, also highlighting the positive effects of GT in obese mice housed at TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaue Tognolli
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | - Victoria Silva
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | - Celso Pereira Batista Sousa-Filho
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Gorjão
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | - Rosemari Otton
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil.
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14
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Graňák K, Vnučák M, Beliančinová M, Kleinová P, Pytliaková M, Mokáň M, Dedinská I. Adiponectin/leptin ratio as a predictor of acute rejection in early post-transplant period in patients after kidney transplantation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1117819. [PMID: 36873891 PMCID: PMC9981627 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1117819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipokines are largely involved in the regulation of immune system activity. While leptin is the main pro-inflammatory marker of adipose tissue, adiponectin is characterized by anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of our study was to determine the risk of acute graft rejection in protocol biopsy depending on the adiponectin/leptin (A/L) ratio in patients after kidney transplantation (KT). Materials and methods A total of 104 patients were included in the prospective analysis, in whom the levels of adipokines were examined pre-transplant, in the 3rd month after KT and the A/L ratio was calculated. In the 3rd month after KT, all patients underwent protocol biopsy of the graft and examination of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) using the Luminex method. Results After adjusting for differences in the basic characteristics of the donor and recipient, we identified a subgroup with A/L ratio < 0.5 pre-transplant [HR 1.6126, (P = 0.0133)] and 3 months after KT [HR 1.3150, (P = 0.0172)] as independent risk factor for acute graft rejection. In the subsequent specification of the rejection episode, we identified the risk ratio A/L < 0.5 before KT [HR 2.2353, (P = 0.0357)] and 3 months after KT [HR 3.0954, (P = 0.0237)] as independent risk factor for the development of acute humoral rejection with DSA positivity. Conclusion This is the first study to investigate the relationship between A/L ratio and immunological risk in terms of the development of rejection changes in patients after KT. In our study, we found that A/L ratio < 0.5 is an independent risk factor for the development of acute humoral rejection and de novo DSA production in the third month after KT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Graňák
- Transplant Centre, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Matej Vnučák
- Transplant Centre, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Monika Beliančinová
- Transplant Centre, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Patrícia Kleinová
- Transplant Centre, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Margaréta Pytliaková
- Department of Gastrointestinal Internal Medicine, University Hospital Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marián Mokáň
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Dedinská
- Transplant Centre, University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
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15
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Campbell JR, Chan ED, Falzon D, Trajman A, Keshavjee S, Leung CC, Miller AC, Monedero-Recuero I, Rodrigues DS, Seo H, Baghaei P, Udwadia Z, Viiklepp P, Bastos M, Menzies D. Low Body Mass Index at Treatment Initiation and Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:2201-2210. [PMID: 35476134 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of low body mass index (BMI) at initiation of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) treatment on outcomes is uncertain. We evaluated the association between BMI at RR-TB treatment initiation and end-of-treatment outcomes. METHODS We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis of adults aged ≥18 years with RR-TB whose BMI was documented at treatment initiation. We compared odds of any unfavorable treatment outcome, mortality, or failure/recurrence between patients who were underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) and not underweight. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression, with matching on demographic, clinical, and treatment-related factors. We evaluated effect modification by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and other variables using likelihood ratio tests. We also estimated cumulative incidence of mortality during treatment stratified by HIV. RESULTS Overall, 5148 patients were included; 1702 (33%) were underweight at treatment initiation. The median (interquartile range) age was 37 years (29 to 47), and 455 (9%) had HIV. Compared with nonunderweight patients, the aOR among underweight patients was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.4-1.9) for any unfavorable outcome, 3.1 (2.4-3.9) for death, and 1.6 (1.2-2.0) for failure/recurrence. Significant effect modification was found for World Health Organization region of treatment. Among HIV-negative patients, 24-month mortality was 14.8% (95% CI, 12.7%-17.3%) for underweight and 5.6% (4.5%-7.0%) for not underweight patients. Among patients with HIV, corresponding values were 33.0% (25.6%-42.6%) and 20.9% (14.1%-27.6%). CONCLUSIONS Low BMI at treatment initiation for RR-TB is associated with increased odds of unfavorable treatment outcome, particularly mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon R Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edward D Chan
- Department of Academic Affairs and Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Pulmonary Section, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dennis Falzon
- Global TB Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anete Trajman
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Salmaan Keshavjee
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chi C Leung
- Hong Kong Tuberculosis, Chest, and Heart Diseases Association, Hong Kong
| | - Ann C Miller
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ignacio Monedero-Recuero
- TB-HIV Department, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France
| | - Denise S Rodrigues
- The Secretary of Health of The State of Sao Paulo, Instituto Clemente Ferreira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haesook Seo
- Department of Tuberculosis, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seobuk Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Parvaneh Baghaei
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zarir Udwadia
- Pulmonary Department, Hinduja Hospital & Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Piret Viiklepp
- Department of Registries, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mayara Bastos
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dick Menzies
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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16
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Ribeiro B, Forte P, Vinhas R, Marinho DA, Faíl LB, Pereira A, Vieira F, Neiva HP. The Benefits of Resistance Training in Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:109. [PMID: 36057914 PMCID: PMC9441407 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is essential in acquiring healthy lifestyle behaviors in the early years of maturational development and preventing various diseases. Resistance training (RT) is fundamental for improving body composition and is increasingly recommended for obese adolescents. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to synthesize and analyze data on the effects of RT programs in this population, seeking to develop useful recommendations for health and sports professionals. METHODS A search was performed using four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect). According to specific inclusion criteria, twenty-one studies were selected to evaluate the impact of RT on body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, muscle strength, insulin sensitivity, lean mass and cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS After the RT programs, the adolescents improved their muscle strength (SMD, 1.44; 95% CI: 0.76-2.12), cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD, 1.09; 95% CI: 0.15-2.04), BMI (SMD, 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07-0.35), waist circumference (SMD, 0.27; 95% CI: 0.06-0.47) and body fat (SMD, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.34). However, insulin sensitivity (SMD, 0.32; 95% CI: - 0.47 to 1.10) and lean mass (SMD, 0.12; 95% CI: - 0.06 to 0.31) did not reveal any changes. Different RT programs were used but it seems that 2-3 times/week ∼60 min/session of RT for 12 weeks should be recommended for positive changes. CONCLUSIONS RT seems to be effective when the objective is to improve muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness and can be an efficient strategy to reduce obesity in adolescents by reducing body fat, waist circumference and body mass index. PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42022333411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ribeiro
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-151, Covilhã, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Raquel Vinhas
- NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel A Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Luís B Faíl
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-151, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Department of Science and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Fernando Vieira
- KinesioLab - Research Unit in Human Movement, Piaget Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
- RECI - Research Unit in Education and Community Intervention, Piaget Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISEIT de Almada, Piaget Instituto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henrique P Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Convento de Santo António, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, Penafiel, Portugal.
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17
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Ribeiro FM, Silva MA, Lyssa V, Marques G, Lima HK, Franco OL, Petriz B. The molecular signaling of exercise and obesity in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:927170. [PMID: 35966101 PMCID: PMC9365995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.927170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major pandemics of the 21st century. Due to its multifactorial etiology, its treatment requires several actions, including dietary intervention and physical exercise. Excessive fat accumulation leads to several health problems involving alteration in the gut-microbiota-brain axis. This axis is characterized by multiple biological systems generating a network that allows bidirectional communication between intestinal bacteria and brain. This mutual communication maintains the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal, central nervous and microbial systems of animals. Moreover, this axis involves inflammatory, neural, and endocrine mechanisms, contributes to obesity pathogenesis. The axis also acts in appetite and satiety control and synthesizing hormones that participate in gastrointestinal functions. Exercise is a nonpharmacologic agent commonly used to prevent and treat obesity and other chronic degenerative diseases. Besides increasing energy expenditure, exercise induces the synthesis and liberation of several muscle-derived myokines and neuroendocrine peptides such as neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, ghrelin, and leptin, which act directly on the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Thus, exercise may serve as a rebalancing agent of the gut-microbiota-brain axis under the stimulus of chronic low-grade inflammation induced by obesity. So far, there is little evidence of modification of the gut-brain axis as a whole, and this narrative review aims to address the molecular pathways through which exercise may act in the context of disorders of the gut-brain axis due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M. Ribeiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maycon A. Silva
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Victória Lyssa
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Henny K. Lima
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L. Franco
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Biotechnology Program, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Petriz
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences - University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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18
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Wright K, Nip KM, Kim JE, Cheng KM, Birol I. Seasonal and sex-dependent gene expression in emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) fat tissues. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9419. [PMID: 35676317 PMCID: PMC9177602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) farming has been gaining wide interest for fat production. Oil rendered from this large flightless bird’s fat is valued for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for uses in therapeutics and cosmetics. We analyzed the seasonal and sex-dependent differentially expressed (DE) genes involved in fat metabolism in emus. Samples were taken from back and abdominal fat tissues of a single set of four male and four female emus in April, June, and November for RNA-sequencing. We found 100 DE genes (47 seasonally in males; 34 seasonally in females; 19 between sexes). Seasonally DE genes with significant difference between the sexes in gene ontology terms suggested integrin beta chain-2 (ITGB2) influences fat changes, in concordance with earlier studies. Six seasonally DE genes functioned in more than two enriched pathways (two female: angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL); four male: lumican (LUM), osteoglycin (OGN), aldolase B (ALDOB), and solute carrier family 37 member 2 (SLC37A2)). Two sexually DE genes, follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and perilipin 2 (PLIN2), had functional investigations supporting their influence on fat gain and loss. The results suggested these nine genes influence fat metabolism and deposition in emus.
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19
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Kavazović I, Krapić M, Beumer-Chuwonpad A, Polić B, Turk Wensveen T, Lemmermann NA, van Gisbergen KPJM, Wensveen FM. Hyperglycemia and Not Hyperinsulinemia Mediates Diabetes-Induced Memory CD8 T-Cell Dysfunction. Diabetes 2022; 71:706-721. [PMID: 35044446 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) causes an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in response to viral infection. T2D is characterized by hyperglycemia and is typically associated with insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. CD8 T cells express the insulin receptor, and previously, we have shown that insulin is able to directly modulate effector CD8 T-cell function. We therefore hypothesized that memory CD8 T-cell responsiveness in the context of T2D is negatively impacted by hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia. Using a mouse model for T2D, we could show that memory CD8 T-cell function was significantly reduced in response to rechallenge by viral infection or with melanoma cells. Basal insulin injection of mice increased GLUT-1 expression and glucose uptake in memory CD8 T-cell precursors early after infection, which was prevented when these cells were deficient for the insulin receptor. However, neither insulin injection nor insulin receptor deficiency resulted in a difference in metabolism, memory formation, cytokine production, or recall responses of memory CD8 T cells compared with controls. Importantly, in context of obesity, insulin receptor deficiency on CD8 T cells did not affect the functional capacity of memory CD8 T cells. In contrast, we could show in vitro and in vivo that hyperglycemia significantly impairs the antiviral capacity of memory CD8 T cells. Our findings indicate that obesity impairs the memory CD8 T-cell response against viral infection and cancer through the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia rather than hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Kavazović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mia Krapić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ammarina Beumer-Chuwonpad
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bojan Polić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tamara Turk Wensveen
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Cardiometabolism, Thalassotherapia, Opatija, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Niels A Lemmermann
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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20
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Nutritional status alterations after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in patients with hematological malignancies: a retrospective study. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:3321-3327. [PMID: 34988704 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of innovative chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy for hematological malignancies on nutritional status remains unknown. Therefore, we aim to explore the alterations of nutritional status after CAR-T cell therapy in patients with hematological malignancies. METHODS We retrospectively collected the data of patients with acute leukemia (AL), lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (MM), who underwent CAR-T therapy at our hospital from 2018 to 2020. The serum albumin, triglyceride, and cholesterol before and 7, 14, and 21 days after CAR-T cell infusion were compared and analyzed. RESULT A total of 117 patients were enrolled, consisting of 39 AL, 23 lymphoma, and 55 MM patients. The baseline albumin, triglyceride, and cholesterol were 37.43 ± 5.08 mg/L, 1.63 ± 0.74 mmol/L, and 3.62 ± 1.03 mmol/L, respectively. The lowest albumin level was found at 7 days after CAR-T cell infusion compared with baseline (P < 0.001), while the levels of triglyceride increased at 14 and 21 days (P < 0.001, P = 0.036). The levels of cholesterol at 7, 14, and 21 days after CAR-T cell infusion were lower than baseline (all P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation coefficient showed cytokine release syndrome grade was negatively correlated with the levels of albumin at 7 days and cholesterol at 21 days after CAR-T cell infusion (r = - 0.353, P < 0.001; r = - 0.395, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The alterations of different nutrition-related biochemical parameters varied after CAR-T cell therapy. The levels of albumin and total cholesterol after CAR-T cell infusion were negatively correlated with the grade of cytokine release syndrome. Specific screening and intervention for malnutrition in patients receiving CAR-T cell therapy need to be explored in further studies.
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21
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Pivonello C, Negri M, Patalano R, Amatrudo F, Montò T, Liccardi A, Graziadio C, Muscogiuri G, Pivonello R, Colao A. The role of melatonin in the molecular mechanisms underlying metaflammation and infections in obesity: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13390. [PMID: 34861097 PMCID: PMC9285339 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition whose management is a critical challenge for physicians. The scientific community has increased its focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity etiopathogenesis to better manage patients with obesity and its associated complications. The tight connection between adipose tissue and the immune system has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in inflammation, and melatonin is important for circadian rhythm regulation and metabolic homeostasis, in which it orchestrates several molecular mechanisms involved in obesity and associated inflammation. Melatonin also regulates innate and adaptive immunity; its antioxidant properties are linked to reduced predisposition to infection and weight gain in patients with obesity through the modulation of the immune response, which has a significant beneficial effect on inflammation and, consequently, on the metabolic state. Low melatonin levels have been linked to obesity, and melatonin supplementation can reduce body weight, improve metabolic profile, and ameliorate immune responses and pro-inflammatory stimuli. The role of melatonin in obesity is mainly related to improved oxidative stress signaling, modulation of adipokine secretion, and a switching from white-to-brown adipose tissue phenotype and activity. Moreover, the role of melatonin in obesity modulation by controlling circadian rhythm has recently emerged as a pivotal mechanism for lipid and glucose metabolism dysfunction in adipose, muscle, and liver tissues. Melatonin may also regulate the immune system by acting directly on thymus morphology and activity as well as by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory states during infections. The tight association between melatonin and immune response regulation is coordinated by Toll-like receptors, which are rhythmically expressed during the day. Their expression may be strongly modulated by melatonin as their signaling is highly inhibited by melatonin. The current review summarizes studies of melatonin-induced mechanisms involved in infection regulation, particularly the modulation of obesity-associated inflammation and systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Patalano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Feliciana Amatrudo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Tatiana Montò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Liccardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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22
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Evaluating Possible Mechanisms Linking Obesity to COVID-19: a Narrative Review. Obes Surg 2022; 32:1689-1700. [PMID: 35113309 PMCID: PMC8811344 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-05933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, pneumonia caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic. To date, there is no specific antiviral treatment for the disease, and universal access to the vaccine is a serious challenge. Some observational studies have shown that COVID-19 is more common in countries with a high prevalence of obesity and that people with COVID-19 have a higher body mass index. In these studies, obesity increased the risk of disease, as well as its severity and mortality. This study aimed to review the mechanisms that link obesity to COVID-19.
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23
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Bharmal SH, Kimita W, Ko J, Petrov MS. Cytokine signature for predicting new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Cytokine 2021; 150:155768. [PMID: 34823207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Acute inflammation of the pancreas often leads to metabolic sequelae, the most common of which is new-onset prediabetes (and, ultimately, diabetes). However, there is a lack of studies on predictors of this sequela. The aim was to investigate whether cytokines/chemokines measured at baseline are predictive of new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis (NOPAP). METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study (as part of the LACERTA project) that included 68 individuals with non-necrotising acute pancreatitis who had no diabetes mellitus. Of them, 17 individuals had prediabetes at baseline and during follow-up, 37 individuals had normoglycaemia at baseline and during follow-up, and 14 individuals had normoglycaemia at baseline and developed NOPAP during follow-up. A commercially available human cytokine/chemokine multiplex kit was used to measure a total of 28 analytes at baseline. Multinomial regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between the cytokines/chemokines and the three study groups. RESULTS Interleukin-1β and interferon γ significantly predicted progression to NOPAP with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.097 (1.002, 1.201) and 1.094 (1.003, 1.192), respectively (after accounting for age, sex, body mass index, and aetiology of acute pancreatitis). None of the studied cytokines/chemokines showed statistically significant associations with the antecedent prediabetes group (after accounting for the above covariates). CONCLUSION Elevated levels of interleukin-1β and interferon γ in acute pancreatitis individuals with normoglycaemia at baseline may predict progression to NOPAP during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wandia Kimita
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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24
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Krapić M, Kavazović I, Wensveen FM. Immunological Mechanisms of Sickness Behavior in Viral Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112245. [PMID: 34835051 PMCID: PMC8624889 DOI: 10.3390/v13112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickness behavior is the common denominator for a plethora of changes in normal behavioral routines and systemic metabolism during an infection. Typical symptoms include temperature, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Whereas we experience these changes as a pathology, in fact they are a carefully orchestrated response mediated by the immune system. Its purpose is to optimize immune cell functionality against pathogens whilst minimizing viral replication in infected cells. Sickness behavior is controlled at several levels, most notably by the central nervous system, but also by other organs that mediate systemic homeostasis, such as the liver and adipose tissue. Nevertheless, the changes mediated by these organs are ultimately initiated by immune cells, usually through local or systemic secretion of cytokines. The nature of infection determines which cytokine profile is induced by immune cells and therefore which sickness behavior ensues. In context of infection, sickness behavior is typically beneficial. However, inappropriate activation of the immune system may induce adverse aspects of sickness behavior. For example, tissue stress caused by obesity may result in chronic activation of the immune system, leading to lasting changes in systemic metabolism. Concurrently, metabolic disease prevents induction of appropriate sickness behavior following viral infection, thus impairing the normal immune response. In this article, we will revisit recent literature that elucidates both the benefits and the negative aspects of sickness behavior in context of viral infection.
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25
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Weldenegodguad M, Pokharel K, Niiranen L, Soppela P, Ammosov I, Honkatukia M, Lindeberg H, Peippo J, Reilas T, Mazzullo N, Mäkelä KA, Nyman T, Tervahauta A, Herzig KH, Stammler F, Kantanen J. Adipose gene expression profiles reveal insights into the adaptation of northern Eurasian semi-domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Commun Biol 2021; 4:1170. [PMID: 34620965 PMCID: PMC8497613 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are semi-domesticated animals adapted to the challenging conditions of northern Eurasia. Adipose tissues play a crucial role in northern animals by altering gene expression in their tissues to regulate energy homoeostasis and thermogenic activity. Here, we perform transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing of adipose tissues from three different anatomical depots: metacarpal (bone marrow), perirenal, and prescapular fat in Finnish and Even reindeer (in Sakha) during spring and winter. A total of 16,212 genes are expressed in our data. Gene expression profiles in metacarpal tissue are distinct from perirenal and prescapular adipose tissues. Notably, metacarpal adipose tissue appears to have a significant role in the regulation of the energy metabolism of reindeer in spring when their nutritional condition is poor after winter. During spring, genes associated with the immune system are upregulated in the perirenal and prescapular adipose tissue. Blood and tissue parameters reflecting general physiological and metabolic status show less seasonal variation in Even reindeer than in Finnish reindeer. This study identifies candidate genes potentially involved in immune response, fat deposition, and energy metabolism and provides new information on the mechanisms by which reindeer adapt to harsh arctic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melak Weldenegodguad
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kisun Pokharel
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Laura Niiranen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Soppela
- grid.37430.330000 0001 0744 995XArctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Innokentyi Ammosov
- grid.495192.2Laboratory of Reindeer Husbandry and Traditional Industries, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk, The Sakha Republic (Yakutia) Russia
| | | | - Heli Lindeberg
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Maaninka, Finland
| | - Jaana Peippo
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland ,NordGen—Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Ås, Norway
| | - Tiina Reilas
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Nuccio Mazzullo
- grid.37430.330000 0001 0744 995XArctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Kari A. Mäkelä
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tommi Nyman
- grid.454322.60000 0004 4910 9859Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanvik, Norway
| | - Arja Tervahauta
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.412326.00000 0004 4685 4917Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Institute of Pediatrics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Florian Stammler
- grid.37430.330000 0001 0744 995XArctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Juha Kantanen
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
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26
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Abstract
The immune and endocrine systems collectively control homeostasis in the body. The endocrine system ensures that values of essential factors and nutrients such as glucose, electrolytes and vitamins are maintained within threshold values. The immune system resolves local disruptions in tissue homeostasis, caused by pathogens or malfunctioning cells. The immediate goals of these two systems do not always align. The immune system benefits from optimal access to nutrients for itself and restriction of nutrient availability to all other organs to limit pathogen replication. The endocrine system aims to ensure optimal nutrient access for all organs, limited only by the nutrients stores that the body has available. The actual state of homeostatic parameters such as blood glucose levels represents a careful balance based on regulatory signals from the immune and endocrine systems. This state is not static but continuously adjusted in response to changes in the current metabolic needs of the body, the amount of resources it has available and the level of threats it encounters. This balance is maintained by the ability of the immune and endocrine systems to interact and co-regulate systemic metabolism. In context of metabolic disease, this system is disrupted, which impairs functionality of both systems. The failure of the endocrine system to retain levels of nutrients such as glucose within threshold values impairs functionality of the immune system. In addition, metabolic stress of organs in context of obesity is perceived by the immune system as a disruption in local homeostasis, which it tries to resolve by the excretion of factors which further disrupt normal metabolic control. In this chapter, we will discuss how the immune and endocrine systems interact under homeostatic conditions and during infection with a focus on blood glucose regulation. In addition, we will discuss how this system fails in the context of metabolic disease.
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27
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Dermal white adipose tissue: Much more than a metabolic, lipid-storage organ? Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101583. [PMID: 34171520 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) has emerged in the biomedical science as an ancillary fat district in the derma without a defined and distinct function respect to the subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT). Despite some evidence describing dWAT as an immune-competent compartment, particularly engaged in wound repair, very few reports dealing with dWAT has elucidated its major modulatory role within the skin biology. Whereas an increasing bulk of evidence allows researcher to describe the main activity of sWAT, in humans dWAT is not properly a separated fat compartment and therefore scarcely considered in the scientific debate. Due to its strategic position between epidermis and sWAT, dermal fat might play a much more intriguing role than expected. This review tries to shed light on this issue, by expanding the debate about a possible role of dWAT in skin physiology.
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28
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Silverio R, Gonçalves DC, Andrade MF, Seelaender M. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Nutritional Status: The Missing Link? Adv Nutr 2021; 12:682-692. [PMID: 32975565 PMCID: PMC7543263 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease that has reached pandemic status by rapidly spreading worldwide. Elderly individuals and patients with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension show a higher risk of hospitalization, severe disease, and mortality by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These patients frequently show exacerbated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines associated with an overreaction of the immune system, the so-called cytokine storm. Host nutritional status plays a pivotal role in the outcome of a variety of different infectious diseases. It is known that the immune system is highly affected by malnutrition, leading to decreased immune responses with consequent augmented risk of infection and disease severity. Body composition, especially low lean mass and high adiposity, has consistently been linked to worsened prognosis in many different diseases. In this review, evidence concerning the impact of nutritional status on viral infection outcomes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Silverio
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caetano Gonçalves
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biosciences Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, Brazil
| | - Márcia Fábia Andrade
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Surgery, LIM 26-HC, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Huang J, Wang L, Tian W. Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Adipose Tissue Prevent Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw by Promoting Angiogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3161-3172. [PMID: 33994785 PMCID: PMC8114828 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s305361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is no definitive treatment for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose tissue (sEV-AT) have been proved efficient at promoting tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sEV-AT administration on BRONJ-like lesions in rats. Methods Zoledronate (Zol) and dexamethasone (Dex) were subcutaneously administered to create a BRONJ rat model. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: 1) Control; 2) Zol+Dex; 3) sEV-AT. The maxillary left first molars were extracted two weeks after the first administration. In the sEV-AT group, sEV-AT were given intravenously every three days right after tooth extraction. We preformed occlusal view images, microcomputed tomography (µCT) and histological analysis to measure the regeneration of osseous and soft tissue in extraction sockets. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated and cultured with endothelial cell medium (ECM). HUVECs were then divided into three groups: 1) Control: ECM; 2) Zol: ECM+Zol; 3) sEV-AT: ECM+Zol+sEV-AT. We evaluated the proliferation, tube formation and migration of HUVECs in each group. Results Rats treated with Zol+Dex showed BRONJ-like lesions including open wounds, necrotic bones, empty osteocyte lacunae and reduced osteoclasts. sEV-AT administration reduced BRONJ-like lesions by promoting soft tissue healing. µCT results showed that bone volume in extraction sockets in the sEV-AT group was larger than the Zol+Dex group. Histological analysis showed less necrotic bones and empty osteocyte lacunae in the sEV-AT group compared to the Zol+Dex group. Histological analysis also showed more osteoclasts, collagen fibers and blood vessels in the sEV-AT group compared to the Zol+Dex group. Furthermore, sEV-AT enhanced the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs which were inhibited by Zol. Conclusion Our findings indicate that sEV-AT prevent BRONJ in rats. Angiogenesis promotion contributes to the prevention of BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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30
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Fuseini H, Gyan BA, Kyei GB, Heimburger DC, Koethe JR. Undernutrition and HIV Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa: Health Outcomes and Therapeutic Interventions. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2021; 18:87-97. [PMID: 33606196 PMCID: PMC8404370 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-021-00541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is disproportionately burdened by the twin epidemics of food insecurity and HIV infection, and protein-calorie undernutrition is common among persons with HIV (PWH) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the region. In this review, we discuss the intersection of HIV infection and undernutrition, health outcomes among undernourished PWH starting ART, and the demonstrated and potential benefits of therapeutic interventions such as micro/macronutrient supplementation and pharmacological agents. RECENT FINDINGS A low body mass index (BMI), used as a general indicator of poor nutrition in most studies, is associated with impaired immune recovery and increased mortality in the early ART period. The increased risk of mortality is multifactorial, and contributors include undernutrition-related immune system dysfunction, increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections, and metabolic and cardiovascular dysregulation. Clinical trials of micro/macronutrient supplementary feeding, appetite stimulants (hormones and anabolic agents), and recombinant adipokines have shown a benefit for weight gain and metabolic health, but there are few data on mortality or immune recovery. A substantial proportion of PWH in SSA are undernourished, and undernutrition contributes to an increased risk of mortality and other adverse health outcomes. To date, there have been few prospective trials of nutritional supplementation and/or pharmacologic therapy among undernourished PWH in SSA, though findings from other settings suggest a potential benefit in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubaida Fuseini
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana.
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana.
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2582, USA.
| | - Ben A Gyan
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana
| | - George B Kyei
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - John R Koethe
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-2582, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, TN, USA
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Nejatbakhsh F, Zareian MA, Yaseliani M, Abolhassani H. Evidence-Based Immunotherapeutic Effects of Herbal Compounds on Humoral Immunity: Ancient and New Approaches. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 27:313-320. [PMID: 33759045 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The human immune system represents a dynamic multiscale system with high complexity in biology. Humoral immunity, as the main branch of adaptive immunity, is characterized by differentiated stages of the B lymphocytes, producing the final product of antibodies that has a diversity of the tuning mechanisms within genetic and epigenetic levels in confrontation with environmental exposures. Disorders because of disturbed humoral immunity are linked with dysregulation of feedback-regulated signaling and the dynamic of immune components that determine the overall response. Food products, mainly herbal components have a significant role in tailoring the immune system micro-ecosystem which can diversify the adaptive nature of humoral immunity. Herein, we review the current evidence-based approaches for the impact of medicinal herbs on humoral immunity signaling and antibody production with a focus on immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nejatbakhsh
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14166, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zareian
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14166, Iran
| | - Mahdi Yaseliani
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14166, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14194, Iran. .,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden.
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Schneiders LDB, Brand C, Borfe L, Gaya AR, Brazo-Sayavera J, Renner JDP, Reuter CP. A Multicomponent Intervention Program With Overweight and Obese Adolescents Improves Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, but Not Insulin Biomarkers. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:621055. [PMID: 33693430 PMCID: PMC7937702 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.621055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To verify the effect of a multicomponent intervention with overweight/obese adolescents on physical fitness, body composition, and insulin biomarkers. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 37 adolescents, aged 10 to 17 years, of both sexes, overweight and obese, allocated in two groups (Intervention—IG Group, n = 17; Control—GC Group, n = 20). The IGs were submitted to a multicomponent intervention for 6 months (three weekly sessions) consisting of physical exercises (sports, functional circuit, recreational, and water activities) and nutritional and psychological guidance. Participants were assessed before and after intervention on body composition [body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)], physical fitness [cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and abdominal strength], and biomarkers of insulin (glucose, insulin, evaluation of the homeostasis model of insulin, and resistin resistance). The prevalence of responders in both groups was obtained according to the theoretical model applied in previous studies similar to this one to determine the cutoff points for response to intervention. Poisson regression was used to verify the difference in the prevalence ratio (PR) of the interviewees between the groups. Results: The responders' prevalence between groups CG and IG showed significant differences for body fat (CG = 30.0%; IG = 70.6%; PR = 1.396; p < 0.001), WHR (CG = 30.0%; IG = 76.5%; PR = 1.730; p < 0.001), and CRF (CG = 15.0%; IG = 52.5%; PR = 1.580; p < 0.001). Conclusions: A 6-month multicomponent intervention program improved certain body composition parameters and the CRF of overweight and obese adolescents but did not improve insulin biomarkers. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinical Trials under Protocol ID: 54985316.0.0000.5343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia de Borba Schneiders
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brand
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leticia Borfe
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Postgraduate Program Master and Doctorate in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
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Turk Wensveen T, Gašparini D, Rahelić D, Wensveen FM. Type 2 diabetes and viral infection; cause and effect of disease. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172:108637. [PMID: 33352263 PMCID: PMC8050380 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic of COVID-19 has made abundantly clear that Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of more frequent and more severe viral infections. At the same time, pro-inflammatory cytokines of an anti-viral Type-I profile promote insulin resistance and form a risk factor for development of T2D. What this illustrates is that there is a reciprocal, detrimental interaction between the immune and endocrine system in the context of T2D. Why these two systems would interact at all long remained unclear. Recent findings indicate that transient changes in systemic metabolism are induced by the immune system as a strategy against viral infection. In people with T2D, this system fails, thereby negatively impacting the antiviral immune response. In addition, immune-mediated changes in systemic metabolism upon infection may aggravate glycemic control in T2D. In this review, we will discuss recent literature that sheds more light on how T2D impairs immune responses to viral infection and how virus-induced activation of the immune system increases risk of development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Turk Wensveen
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Cardiometabolism, Thallassotherapia, Opatija, Croatia; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dora Gašparini
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dario Rahelić
- Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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Towards identifying malnutrition among infants under 6 months: a mixed-methods study of South-Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1265-1274. [PMID: 33059792 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine (i) whether distinct groups of infants under 6 months old (U6M) were identifiable as malnourished based on anthropometric measures and if so to determine the probability of admittance to GOAL Ethiopia's Management of At Risk Mothers and Infants (MAMI) programme based on group membership; (ii) whether there were discrepancies in admission using recognised anthropometric criteria, compared with group membership and (iii) the barriers and potential solutions to identifying malnutrition within U6M. DESIGN Mixed-methods approaches were used, whereby data collected by GOAL Ethiopia underwent: factor mixture modelling, χ2 analysis and logistic regression analysis. Qualitative analysis was performed through coding of key informant interviews. SETTING Data were collected in two refugee camps in Ethiopia. Key informant interviews were conducted remotely with international MAMI programmers and nutrition experts. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 3444 South-Sudanese U6M and eleven key informants experienced in MAMI programming. RESULTS Well-nourished and malnourished groups were identified, with notable discrepancies between group membership and MAMI programme admittance. Despite weight for age z-scores (WAZ) emerging as the most discriminant measure to identify malnutrition, admittance was most strongly associated with mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Misconceptions surrounding malnutrition, a dearth of evidence and issues with the current identification protocol emerged as barriers to identifying malnutrition among U6M. CONCLUSIONS Our model suggests that WAZ is the most discriminating anthropometric measure for malnutrition in this population. However, the challenges of using WAZ should be weighed up against the more scalable, but potentially overly sensitive and less accurate use of MUAC among U6M.
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Żelechowska P, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Kusowska A, Kozłowska E. The role of adipokines in the modulation of lymphoid lineage cell development and activity: An overview. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13055. [PMID: 32638520 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are predominantly known to play a vital role in the control of food intake, energy homeostasis and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, evidence supporting the concept of their extensive involvement in immune system defence mechanisms and inflammatory processes continues to grow. Some of the adipokines, that is, leptin and resistin, have been recognized to exhibit mainly pro-inflammatory properties, whereas others such as visfatin, chemerin, apelin and vaspin have been found to exert regulatory effects. In contrast, adiponectin or omentin are known for their anti-inflammatory activities. Hence, adipokines influence the activity of various cells engaged in innate immune response and inflammatory processes mainly by affecting adhesion molecule expression, chemotaxis, apoptosis and phagocytosis, as well as mediators production and release. However, much less is known about the role of adipokines in processes involving lymphoid lineage cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the importance of different adipokines in the lymphopoiesis, recirculation, differentiation and polarization of lymphoid lineage cells. It also provides insight into the influence of selected adipokines on the activity of those cells in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żelechowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Fischer-Posovszky P, Möller P. [The immune system of adipose tissue: obesity-associated inflammation]. DER PATHOLOGE 2020; 41:224-229. [PMID: 32253498 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-020-00782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ. Via its secretion products, it cross-talks with other organs of the body and communicates the filling state of its triglyceride stores. Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat and leads to the infiltration and accumulation of immune cells in white adipose tissue. In this review article we introduce the various immune cell populations of adipose tissue and discuss their local and systemic influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Eythstr. 24, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland.
| | - Peter Möller
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
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Peterson P, Trinh L, Månsson S. Quantitative 1 H MRI and MRS of fatty acid composition. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:49-67. [PMID: 32844500 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue as well as other depots of fat (triglycerides) are increasingly being recognized as active contributors to the human function and metabolism. In addition to the fat concentration, also the fatty acid chemical composition (FAC) of the triglyceride molecules may play an important part in diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, osteoporosis, and cancer. MR spectroscopy and chemical-shift-encoded imaging (CSE-MRI) are established methods for non-invasive quantification of fat concentration in tissue. More recently, similar techniques have been developed for assessment also of the FAC in terms of the number of double bonds, the fraction of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, or semi-quantitative unsaturation indices. The number of papers focusing on especially CSE-MRI-based techniques has steadily increased during the past few years, introducing a range of acquisition protocols and reconstruction algorithms. However, a number of potential sources of bias have also been identified. Furthermore, the measures used to characterize the FAC using both MRI and MRS differ, making comparisons between different techniques difficult. The aim of this paper is to review MRS- and MRI-based methods for in vivo quantification of the FAC. We describe the chemical composition of triglycerides and discuss various potential FAC measures. Furthermore, we review acquisition and reconstruction methodology and finally, some existing and potential applications are summarized. We conclude that both MRI and MRS provide feasible non-invasive alternatives to the gold standard gas chromatography for in vivo measurements of the FAC. Although both are associated with gas chromatography, future studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Peterson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Trinh
- Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sven Månsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Powrózek T, Brzozowska A, Mazurek M, Prendecka M, Homa-Mlak I, Mlak R, Małecka-Massalska T. AA genotype of PLIN1 13041A>G as an unfavourable predictive factor of malnutrition associated with fat mass loss in locally advanced head and neck cancer male patients treated with radiotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:1923-1932. [PMID: 32803726 PMCID: PMC7892500 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Malnutrition is a frequently diagnosed condition in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients after radiation therapy (RTH). Malnutrition causes adipose tissue dysfunction associated with intensified lipolysis and disruption of the activity of mechanisms that protect adipose tissue against this process, which include the protective function of perilipin. Material and methods The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the predictive value of 13041A>G PLIN1 polymorphism in the development of malnutrition related to adipose tissue loss in a group of 80 patients with locally advanced HNC treated by means of radical radiation therapy. Results After the completion of RTH, men with AA genotype had significantly lower fat mass (FM compared to men with G haplotype; FM: 13.84 ± 6.36 kg and 19.06 ± 6.30 kg (p = 0.009). In consequence of RTH, the AA genotype carriers lost an average of 37.01% adipose tissue mass and patients with GA and GG genotypes lost 12.82 and 0.31% (p = 0.035), respectively. AA genotype was also associated with higher chance of ≥ 10%, ≥ 20% and ≥ 30% FM loss in the course of RTH (OR = 13.78; 5.78; 2.28). Conclusions The evaluation of such molecular factors as SNP 13041A>G may have higher predictive value in the development of malnutrition associated with severe loss of fat mass than the subjective scales, e.g., SGA and NRS-2002. The presence of AA genotype on men with HNC before RTH may facilitate earlier nutritional intervention and supportive treatment aimed at limiting or preventing body mass and fat mass loss during the applied treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00520-020-05675-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Powrózek
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Brzozowska
- St. John of Dukla Lublin Region Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Mazurek
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Prendecka
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Homa-Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Pangrazzi L, Naismith E, Miggitsch C, Carmona Arana JA, Keller M, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Weinberger B. The impact of body mass index on adaptive immune cells in the human bone marrow. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:15. [PMID: 32514279 PMCID: PMC7251898 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity has been associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Both conditions play a determinant role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, such as immunosenescence. Adipose tissue can modulate the function of the immune system with the secretion of molecules influencing the phenotype of immune cells. The importance of the bone marrow (BM) in the maintenance of antigen-experienced adaptive immune cells has been documented in mice. Recently, some groups have investigated the survival of effector/memory T cells in the human BM. Despite this, whether high body mass index (BMI) may affect immune cells in the BM and the production of molecules supporting the maintenance of these cells it is unknown. Methods Using flow cytometry, the frequency and the phenotype of immune cell populations were measured in paired BM and PB samples obtained from persons with different BMI. Furthermore, the expression of BM cytokines was assessed. The influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on T cell subsets was additionally considered, dividing the donors into the CMV− and CMV+ groups. Results Our study suggests that increased BMI may affect both the maintenance and the phenotype of adaptive immune cells in the BM. While the BM levels of IL-15 and IL-6, supporting the survival of highly differentiated T cells, and oxygen radicals increased in overweight persons, the production of IFNγ and TNF by CD8+ T cells was reduced. In addition, the frequency of B cells and CD4+ T cells positively correlated with BMI in the BM of CMV− persons. Finally, the frequency of several T cell subsets, and the expression of senescence/exhaustion markers within these subpopulations, were affected by BMI. In particular, the levels of bona fide memory T cells may be reduced in overweight persons. Conclusion Our work suggests that, in addition to aging and CMV, obesity may represent an additional risk factor for immunosenescence in adaptive immune cells. Metabolic interventions may help in improving the fitness of the immune system in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pangrazzi
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg, 10 Innsbruck, Austria.,Present Address: Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Corso Bettini, 31 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Erin Naismith
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg, 10 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carina Miggitsch
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg, 10 Innsbruck, Austria.,Present Address: Private Kinderwunsch-Clinic Dr. J. Zech GmbH, Grabenweg 64, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jose' Antonio Carmona Arana
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg, 10 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Keller
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg, 10 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg, 10 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Weinberger
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg, 10 Innsbruck, Austria
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Tareen SHK, Kutmon M, de Kok TM, Mariman ECM, van Baak MA, Evelo CT, Adriaens ME, Arts ICW. Stratifying cellular metabolism during weight loss: an interplay of metabolism, metabolic flexibility and inflammation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1651. [PMID: 32015415 PMCID: PMC6997359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic, contributing significantly to chronic non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic flexibility, the ability of organisms to switch between metabolic substrates, is found to be impaired in obesity, possibly contributing to the development of chronic illnesses. Several studies have shown the improvement of metabolic flexibility after weight loss. In this study, we have mapped the cellular metabolism of the adipose tissue from a weight loss study to stratify the cellular metabolic processes and metabolic flexibility during weight loss. We have found that for a majority of the individuals, cellular metabolism was downregulated during weight loss, with gene expression of all major cellular metabolic processes (such as glycolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation etc.) being lowered during weight loss and weight maintenance. Parallel to this, the gene expression of immune system related processes involving interferons and interleukins increased. Previously, studies have indicated both negative and positive effects of post-weight loss inflammation in the adipose tissue with regards to weight loss or obesity and its co-morbidities; however, mechanistic links need to be constructed in order to determine the effects further. Our study contributes towards this goal by mapping the changes in gene expression across the weight loss study and indicates possible cross-talk between cellular metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H K Tareen
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin C M Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen A van Baak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel E Adriaens
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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41
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Chirumbolo S. Oxidative Stress, Nutrition and Cancer: Friends or Foes? World J Mens Health 2020; 39:19-30. [PMID: 32202081 PMCID: PMC7752511 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cancer and nutrition, as well as nutrition and oxidative stress, shares puzzling aspects that current research is investigating as the possible components of an intriguing regulating mechanism involving the complex interplay between adipose tissue and other compartments. Along the very recent biological evolution, humans underwent a rapid change in their lifestyles and henceforth the role of the adipocytes earned a much more complex task in the fine tuning of the tissue microenvironment. A lipidic signaling language probably evolved in association with the signaling role of reactive oxygen species, which gained a fundamental part in the regulation of cell stem and plasticity. The possible relationship with cancer onset might have some causative mechanism in the impairment of this complex task, usually deregulated by drastic changes in one's own lifestyle and dietary habit. This review tries to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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42
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Gwela A, Mupere E, Berkley JA, Lancioni C. Undernutrition, Host Immunity and Vulnerability to Infection Among Young Children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:e175-e177. [PMID: 31306401 PMCID: PMC7613497 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Gwela
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi,KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Ezekiel Mupere
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi,Department of Pediatrics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James A Berkley
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi,KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya,Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Lancioni
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition (CHAIN) Network, Nairobi,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Wensveen FM, Šestan M, Turk Wensveen T, Polić B. 'Beauty and the beast' in infection: How immune-endocrine interactions regulate systemic metabolism in the context of infection. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:982-995. [PMID: 31106860 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune and endocrine systems ensure two vital functions in the body. The immune system protects us from lethal pathogens, whereas the endocrine system ensures proper metabolic function of peripheral organs by regulating systemic homeostasis. These two systems were long thought to operate independently. The immune system uses cytokines and immune receptors, whereas the endocrine system uses hormones to regulate metabolism. However, recent findings show that the immune and endocrine systems closely interact, especially regarding regulation of glucose metabolism. In response to pathogen encounter, cytokines modify responsiveness of peripheral organs to endocrine signals, resulting in altered levels of blood hormones such as insulin, which promotes the ability of the body to fight infection. Here we provide an overview of recent literature describing various mechanisms, which the immune system utilizes to modify endocrine regulation of systemic metabolism. Moreover, we will describe how these immune-endocrine interactions derail in the context of obesity. From a clinical perspective we will elaborate how infection and obesity aggravate the development of metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2 in humans. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive overview of immune-induced changes in systemic metabolism following infection, with a focus on regulation of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Šestan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tamara Turk Wensveen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical hospital center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Bojan Polić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Rijeka School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
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Souza CT. Envolvimento da inflamação subclínica e do estresse oxidativo na resistência à insulina associada a obesidade. HU REVISTA 2019. [DOI: 10.34019/1982-8047.2018.v44.16950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A epidemia global da obesidade é um dos mais importantes problemas de saúde pública. Excessiva adiposidade é um crucial fator de risco no surgimento de várias doenças metabólicas, incluindo hipertensão, diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 e doença do fígado gorduroso não alcoólico. Essas condições patológicas estão estritamente associadas com a resistência à insulina. Baseado nos esforços das últimas décadas, ocorreu marcante desenvolvimento na investigação sobre resistência à insulina induzida pela obesidade, especialmente em termos do mecanismo envolvido neste processo. Dentre esses, a inflamação subclínica ou crônica de baixo grau na obesidade tem sido o mais aceito. Este estado inflamatório é caracterizado por altos níveis circulantes de citocinas inflamatórias, incluindo TNF alfa e IL beta, e aumentado infiltração de macrófagos em tecidos periféricos. No entanto, recentemente, tem ocorrido grande interesse no papel que o estresse oxidativo desempenha na indução da resistência à insulina. Sob ativação, muitas células imunes geram radicais livres e, da mesma maneira, a síntese de espécies reativas de oxigênio promovem um status inflamatório. Estudos têm mostrado níveis elevados de espécies reativas e estresse oxidativo em indivíduos e animais obesos e/ou resistentes a insulina; isso parece estar associado a redução da função e da atividade e biogênese mitocondrial causada pelo aumento de lipídeos circulantes e maior deposição de gordura ectópica. Essa revisão discorre sobre o mecanismo fisiopatológico de como a inflamação subclínica induz resistência à insulina na obesidade. Ainda, descreve o papel que o estresse oxidativo desempenha neste processo, bem como a produção de radicais livres na obesidade.
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Metabolic-inflammatory status as predictor of clinical outcome at 1-year follow-up in patients with first episode psychosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99:145-153. [PMID: 30243054 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic abnormalities and peripheral inflammation have been increasingly reported in patients at the onset of psychosis and associated with important physical health disorders and increased mortality. However, the impact of an abnormal metabolic-inflammatory status on the psychiatric outcome of these patients has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were 1) to explore whether, in a sample of patients at their first episode of psychosis (FEP), an overall metabolic-inflammatory status may be measured, by combining metabolic and inflammatory variables in metabolic-inflammatory factors; 2) to explore the association between these factors and clinical outcome at 1-year follow-up (FU), in terms of symptoms severity and treatment response. METHODS In this longitudinal study we recruited 42 FEP patients and 46 healthy controls (HC) matched with patients for age, gender and ethnicity. At baseline (T1) we measured high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as biomarker of inflammation, and body mass index (BMI), lipid profile and gluco-metabolic parameters (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose) as metabolic variables. A principal component analysis (PCA) was then used to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset accounting for both inflammation and metabolic status. In FEP patients, we assessed symptoms severity at T1 and at 1-year FU (T2) as well as treatment response to antipsychotics at T2. RESULTS at T1, FEP showed higher HbA1c (p = 0.034), triglycerides (TG) (p = 0.045) and BMI (p = 0.026) than HC. PCA identified 3 factors: factor 1 accounting for hsCRP, TG and BMI, factor 2 accounting for LDL and cholesterol, and factor 3 accounting for fasting glucose and HbA1c. Factor 1 was associated with T1 negative symptoms severity (p = 0.021) and predicted T2 positive (p = 0.004) and overall symptoms severity (0.001), as well as general psychopathology (p < 0.001) and T2 treatment response (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION In this sample of FEP patients, inflammation and metabolism, closely correlated at the onset of psychosis, proved to play a key role as predictors of the clinical course of psychosis when combined in a single factor. These findings offer an important potential target for early screening and interventions.
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Wang Q, Wu H. T Cells in Adipose Tissue: Critical Players in Immunometabolism. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2509. [PMID: 30459770 PMCID: PMC6232870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue performs immunoregulatory functions in addition to fat storage. Various T cells in different fat depots either help maintain metabolic homeostasis under healthy conditions or contribute to metabolic disorders in pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or even cancer. These T cells play critical roles in immunometabolism, which refers to the intersection of immunity and metabolism. Numerous studies have examined the presence and changes of different T cell subsets, including helper T cells, regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and natural killer T cells, in adipose depots in health and diseases. In this review, we will discuss the adipose tissue niches that influence the patterns and functions of T cell subsets and in turn the impact of these T cells on cell- or body-based immunometabolism accounting for health and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Lassek WD, Gaulin SJC. Do the Low WHRs and BMIs Judged Most Attractive Indicate Better Health? EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 16:1474704918803998. [PMID: 30296849 PMCID: PMC10367492 DOI: 10.1177/1474704918803998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely claimed that in well-nourished populations, very low female waist-hip ratios (WHRs) together with low body mass indices (BMIs) are judged attractive by men because these features reliably indicate superior health and fertility. However, studies show that mortality rates are higher in women with low BMIs than in women with average BMIs and are inversely related to BMI in subsistence populations. Measures of current health in women of reproductive age have not been similarly studied. We analyze large U.S. samples of reproductive-age women and show that controlling for other factors known to affect health, those with low BMIs (<20), WHRs, or waist/stature ratios did not have better health than those with values in the middle range, and there was no relationship between subsequent health outcomes and BMI in early adulthood. Lower self-reported BMIs were linked to poorer health and an increased risk of infection. However, based on recent U.S. natality data, primiparas with lower BMIs had a lower risk of an operative delivery and of gestational hypertension. Beyond these two parity-restricted effects, relevant studies and new tests fail to support the view that women with the very low BMIs and WHRs consistently judged attractive are generally healthier than women with average values; significant correlations were consistently in the opposite direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Lassek
- Department of Anthropology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Steven J. C. Gaulin
- Department of Anthropology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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48
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Chronic Critical Illness and Persistent Inflammation: What can we Learn from the Elderly, Injured, Septic, and Malnourished? Shock 2018; 49:4-14. [PMID: 28682945 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) who develop chronic critical illness significantly stress the clinical capacity and financial resources of healthcare systems. Although vast improvements have been made in critical care management, outcomes for this ICU subset remain poor. A hallmark for patients who progress to chronic critical illness is the development of persistent inflammation and immunosuppression. The risk factors associated with the development of chronic critical illness include increased age, medical comorbidities, severe injury, septic shock, and malnutrition. Interestingly, each of these clinical states bears strikingly similar immune defects, often resulting in the activation of a persistent inflammatory state. Strategies aimed at the prevention or early recognition of this state of immune compromise may help improve outcomes for these individuals and minimize the number who progress to chronic critical illness. This review explores the current knowledge regarding the immune defects associated with the development of persistent inflammation, the ways in which it can manifest clinically, attempted therapeutic interventions to date, and future insights into improving outcomes for this patient population.
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49
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Kolliker Frers RA, Cosentino V, Tau J, Kerzberg EM, Urdapilleta A, Chiocconi M, Kogan N, Otero-Losada M, Capani F. Immune-Mediated Inflammation Promotes Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Recent-Onset Psoriatic Arthritis Patients without Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535705 PMCID: PMC5834432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the inflammatory burden in recent-onset psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients without conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are not available. This preliminary study focuses on cardiovascular risk in cutaneous psoriasis (CPs) and recent-onset PsA patients. Blood biochemistry (glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, lipid profile and apolipoprotein B) was analyzed using standard kits. Proatherogenic inflammation markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and endothelial activators monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ultrasound images allowed measuring carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Our study first shows an increase in cIMT, and in serum levels of sICAM-1 and CRP in recent-onset PsA patients not presenting conventional CVRFs over the non-medicated time-period, from disease diagnosis to the beginning of pharmacological treatment, compared with healthy subjects. The outcome highlights the importance of monitoring serum level of sICAM1, CRP, and cIMT, and the value of primary prevention in psoriatic patients even with no history of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo A Kolliker Frers
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal (LCPN), Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas, ININCA-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Reumatología, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Cosentino
- Unidad de Reumatología, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia Tau
- Laboratorio de Investigación Ocular, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo M Kerzberg
- Unidad de Reumatología, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Urdapilleta
- Departamento de Radiología, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Monica Chiocconi
- Laboratorio de determinaciones hormonales, Sección de metabolismo de lípidos e hidratos de carbono, División Endocrinología, Departamento de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Kogan
- Sección Psoriasis, División Dermatología, Departamento de Clínica, Hospital JM Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matilde Otero-Losada
- Laboratorio de HPLC, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas, University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council, ININCA-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal (LCPN), Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas, ININCA-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología, Universidad John F Kennedy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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50
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Okada S, Shimada J, Teramukai S, Kato D, Tsunezuka H, Miyata N, Ishihara S, Furuya T, Nakazono C, Ishikawa N, Inoue M. Risk Stratification According to the Prognostic Nutritional Index for Predicting Postoperative Complications After Lung Cancer Surgery. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 25:1254-1261. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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