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Razzaq U, Nguyen TB, Saleem MU, Le VR, Chen CW, Bui XT, Dong CD. Recent progress in electro-Fenton technology for the remediation of pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174253. [PMID: 38936713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The global focus on wastewater treatment has intensified in the contemporary era due to its significant environmental and human health impacts. Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) have become an emerging concern among various pollutants, as they resist conventional treatment methods and pose a severe environmental threat. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) emerge as a potent and environmentally benign approach for treating recalcitrant pharmaceuticals. To address the shortcomings of traditional treatment methods, a technology known as the electro-Fenton (EF) method has been developed more recently as an electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) that connects electrochemistry to the chemical Fenton process. It has shown effective in treating a variety of pharmaceutically active compounds and actual wastewaters. By producing H2O2 in situ through a two-electron reduction of dissolved O2 on an appropriate cathode, the EF process maximizes the benefits of electrochemistry. Herein, we have critically reviewed the application of the EF process, encompassing diverse reactor types and configurations, the underlying mechanisms involved in the degradation of pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants (ECs), and the impact of electrode materials on the process. The review also addresses the factors influencing the efficiency of the EF process, such as (i) pH, (ii) current density, (iii) H2O2 concentration, (iv) and others, while providing insight into the scalability potential of EF technology and its commercialization on a global scale. The review delves into future perspectives and implications concerning the ongoing challenges encountered in the operation of the electro-Fenton process for the treatment of PCs and other ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Razzaq
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Thanh-Binh Nguyen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Usman Saleem
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
| | - Van-Re Le
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT), 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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Huang W, Liu S, Zhang T, Wu H, Pu S. Bibliometric analysis and systematic review of electrochemical methods for environmental remediation. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 144:113-136. [PMID: 38802224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods are increasingly favored for remediating polluted environments due to their environmental compatibility and reagent-saving features. However, a comprehensive understanding of recent progress, mechanisms, and trends in these methods is currently lacking. Web of Science (WoS) databases were utilized for searching the primary data to understand the knowledge structure and research trends of publications on electrochemical methods and to unveil certain hotspots and future trends of electrochemical methods research. The original data were sampled from 9080 publications in those databases with the search deadline of June 1st, 2022. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software facilitated data visualization and analysis of document quantities, source journals, institutions, authors, and keywords. We discussed principles, influencing factors, and progress related to seven major electrochemical methods. Notably, publications on this subject have experienced significant growth since 2007. The most frequently-investigated areas in electrochemical methods included novel materials development, heavy metal remediation, organic pollutant degradation, and removal mechanism identification. "Advanced oxidation process" and "Nanocomposite" are currently trending topics. The major remediation mechanisms are adsorption, oxidation, and reduction. The efficiency of electrochemical systems is influenced by material properties, system configuration, electron transfer efficiency, and power density. Electro-Fenton exhibits significant advantages in achieving synergistic effects of anodic oxidation and electro-adsorption among the seven techniques. Future research should prioritize the improvement of electron transfer efficiency, the optimization of electrode materials, the exploration of emerging technology coupling, and the reduction in system operation and maintenance costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Huang
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Shibin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China.
| | - Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
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Zheng W, Luo X, Fu H, Duan W, Zhu S, Yang X, Feng C. Trace Br - Inhibits Halogenated Byproduct Formation in Saline Wastewater Electrochemical Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12212-12224. [PMID: 38916044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical technology provides a practical and viable solution to the global water scarcity issue, but it has an inherent challenge of generating toxic halogenated byproducts in treatment of saline wastewater. Our study reveals an unexpected discovery: the presence of a trace amount of Br- not only enhanced the electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds with electron-rich groups but also significantly reduced the formation of halogenated byproducts. For example, in the presence of 20 μM Br-, the oxidation rate of phenol increased from 0.156 to 0.563 min-1, and the concentration of total organic halogen decreased from 59.2 to 8.6 μM. Through probe experiments, direct electron transfer and HO• were ruled out as major contributors; transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and computational kinetic models revealed that trace Br- triggers a shift in the dominant reactive species from Cl2•- to Br2•-, which plays a key role in pollutant removal. Both TAS and electron paramagnetic resonance identified signals unique to the phenoxyl and carbon-centered radicals in the Br2•--dominated system, indicating distinct reaction mechanisms compared to those involving Cl2•-. Kinetic isotope experiments and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the interaction between Br2•- and phenolic pollutants follows a hydrogen atom abstraction pathway, whereas Cl2•- predominantly engages pollutants through radical adduct formation. These insights significantly enhance our understanding of bromine radical-involved oxidation processes and have crucial implications for optimizing electrochemical treatment systems for saline wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Zheng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xin Luo
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hengyi Fu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Weijian Duan
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shishu Zhu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chunhua Feng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Kamenická B, Kuchtová G. Critical review on electrooxidation and chemical reduction of azo dyes: Economic approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142799. [PMID: 38986779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Effective degradation technologies have been extensively investigated and used to remove azo dyes from wastewater for decades. However, no review dealing with both electrooxidation and chemical reduction of azo dyes from an economic and, therefore, application-relevant perspective has been found in the current literature. A novelty of this review article consists not only in the brief summarization and comparison of both methods but mainly in the evaluation of their economic side. Based on the literature survey of the last 15 years, the costs of treatment approaches published in individual research articles have been summarized, and the missing data have been calculated. A broad spectrum of advanced electrode materials and catalysts have been developed and tested for the treatment, specifically aiming to enhance the degradation performance. An outline of the global prices of electrode materials, reducing agents, and basic chemicals is involved. All additional costs are described in depth in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of respective methods are discussed. It was revealed that effective and cheap treatment approaches can be found even in advanced degradation methods. Based on the collected data, electrooxidation methods offer, on average, 30 times cheaper treatment of aqueous solutions. Concerning chemical reduction, only ZVI provided high removal of azo dyes at prices <100 $ per kg of azo dye. The factors affecting total prices should also be considered. Therefore, the basic diagram of the decision-making process is proposed. In the conclusion, challenges, future perspectives, and critical findings are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kamenická
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Kuchtová
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Arias DM, Olvera Vargas P, Vidal Sánchez AN, Olvera-Vargas H. Integrating electro-Fenton and microalgae for the sustainable management of real food processing wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142372. [PMID: 38768783 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of a two-step process consisting of Electro-Fenton (EF) followed by microalgae to treat highly loaded real food processing wastewater along with resource recovery. In the first step, EF with a carbon felt cathode and Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anode was applied at different current densities (3.16 mA cm-2, 4.74 mA cm-2 and 6.32 mA cm-2) to decrease the amount of organic matter and turbidity and enhance biodegradability. In the second step, the EF effluents were submitted to microalgal treatment for 15 days using a mixed culture dominated by Scenedesmus sp., Chlorosarcinopsis sp., and Coelastrum sp. Results showed that current density impacted the amount of COD removed by EF, achieving the highest COD removal of 77.5% at 6.32 mA cm-2 with >95% and 74.3% of TSS and PO43- removal, respectively. With respect to microalgae, the highest COD removal of 85% was obtained by the culture in the EF effluent treated at 6.32 mA cm-2. Remarkably, not only 85% of the remaining organic matter was removed by microalgae, but also the totality of inorganic N and P compounds, as well as 65% of the Fe catalyst that was left after EF. The removal of inorganic species also demonstrates the high complementarity of both processes, since EF does not have the capacity to remove such compounds, while microalgae do not grow in the raw wastewater. Furthermore, a maximum of 0.8 g L-1 of biomass was produced after cultivation, with an accumulation of 32.2% of carbohydrates and 25.9% of lipids. The implementation of the two processes represents a promising sustainable approach for the management of industrial effluents, incorporating EF in a water and nutrient recycling system to produce biomass that could be valorized into clean fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce María Arias
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
| | - Patricia Olvera Vargas
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
| | - Andrea Noemí Vidal Sánchez
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
| | - Hugo Olvera-Vargas
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico.
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Wang Q, Zhang G, Zhang C, Xu F, Zhang Y, Fu W, Liu J, Li J. Enhanced Mineralization of Organic Pollutants through Atomic Hydrogen-Mediated Alternative Transformation Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11185-11192. [PMID: 38869092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic hydrogen atom-hydroxyl radical (H*-·OH) redox system is a promising approach for contaminant removal and mineralization. However, its working mechanism, especially the effect of H*, remains unclear, hindering its practical application. Herein, we constructed an electrochemical reactor equipped with our self-made Pd-loaded Ti/TiO2 nanotube cathode and a commercial boron-doped diamond anode. After fulfilling the electrode characterization and free radical detection, we employed coumarin and 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin as probes to confirm the participation of H* in the transformation of organic compounds. A comprehensive study on the degradation kinetics, reaction, and mineralization mechanisms using benzoic acid (BA) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as model compounds was further conducted. The rate constants and total organic carbon removal of BA and 4-CP in the redox system increased compared with those of the individual oxidation and reduction processes. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that H* opens up alternative pathways for BA and 4-CP ring cleavage, forming quinones as reactive intermediates. Furthermore, H* facilitates the mineralization of the typical intermediates, maleic acid and fumaric acid, through C=C bond addition and H-abstraction from the 1,1-diol structure. The presence of H* provides alternative pathways for pollutant transformation, consequently reducing the treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fu Xu
- Suzhou Suwater Environment Science Technology Co., LTD., Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjie Fu
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jianyun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Yan Z, Chen X, Chang H, Pang H, Fan G, Xu K, Liang H, Qu F. Feasibility of replacing proton exchange membranes with pressure-driven membranes in membrane electrochemical reactors for high salinity organic wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121340. [PMID: 38428235 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Membrane electrochemical reactor (MER) shows superiority to electrochemical oxidation (EO) in high salinity organic wastewater (HSOW) treatment, but requirement of proton exchange membranes (PEM) increases investment and maintenance cost. In this work, the feasibility of using low-cost pressure-driven membranes as the separation membrane in MER system was systematically investigated. Commonly used pressure-driven membranes, including loose membranes such as microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF), as well as dense membranes like nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), were employed in the study. When tested in a contamination-free solution, MF and UF exhibited superior electrochemical performance compared to PEM, with comparable pH regulation capabilities in the short term. When foulant (humic acid, Ca2+ and Mg2+) presented in the feed, UF saved the most energy (43 %) compared to PEM with similar removal rate of UV254 (∼85 %). In practical applications of MER for treating nanofiltration concentrate (NC) of landfill leachate, UF saved 27 % energy compared to PEM per cycle with the least Ca2+ and Mg2+ retention in membrane and none obvious organics permeation. For fouled RO and PEM with ion transport impediment, water splitting was exacerbated, which decreased the percentage of oxidation for organics. Overall, replacing of PEM with UF significantly reduce the costs associated with both the investment and operation of MER, which is expected to broaden the practical application for treating HSOW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsen Yan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Kaiqin Xu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Fangshu Qu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Kong FX, Chen YX, Wang YK, Chen JF. Simultaneous electrocoagulation and E-peroxone coupled with ultrafiltration membrane for shale gas produced water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141834. [PMID: 38565376 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Membrane fouling caused by the organics-coated particles was the main obstacle for the highly efficient shale gas produced water (SGPW) treatment and recycling. In this study, a novel hybrid electrocoagulation (EC) and E-peroxone process coupled with UF (ECP-UF) process was proposed to examine the efficacy and elucidate the mechanism for UF fouling mitigation in assisting SGPW reuse. Compared to the TMP (transmembrane pressure) increase of -15 kPa in the EC-UF process, TMP in ECP-UF system marginally increased to -1.4 kPa for 3 filtration cycles under the current density of 15 mA/cm2. Both the total fouling index and hydraulically irreversible fouling index of the ECP-UF process were significantly lower than those of EC-UF process. According to the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory, the potential barriers was the highest for ECP-UF processes due to the substantial increase of the acid-base interaction energy in ECP-UF process, which was well consistent with the TMP and SEM results. Turbidity and TOC of ECP-UF process were 63.6% and 45.8% lower than those of EC-UF process, respectively. According to the MW distribution, the variations of compounds and their relative contents were probably due to the oxidation and decomposing products of the macromolecular organics. The number of aromatic compound decreased, while the number of open-chain compounds (i.e., alkenes, alkanes and alcohols) increased in the permeate of ECP-UF process. Notably, the substantial decrease in the relative abundance of di-phthalate compounds was attributed to the high reactivity of these compounds with ·OH. Mechanism study indicated that ECP could realize the simultaneous coagulation, H2O2 generation and activation by O3, facilitating the enhancement of ·OH and Alb production and therefore beneficial for the improved water quality and UF fouling mitigation. Therefore, the ECP-UF process emerges as a high-efficient and space-saving approach, yielding a synergistic effect in mitigating UF fouling for SGPW recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Xin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jin-Fu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
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Randazzo S, Geagea A, Proietto F, Galia A, Scialdone O. Oxidation of organics in water by active chlorine performed in microfluidic electrochemical reactors: a new way to improve the performances of the process. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141855. [PMID: 38570051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater polluted by organics can be treated by using electro-generated active chlorine, even if this promising route presents some important drawbacks such as the production of chlorinated by-products. Here, for the first time, this process was studied in a microfluidic electrochemical reactor with a very small inter-electrode distance (145 μm) using a water solution of NaCl and phenol and a BDD anode. The potential production of chloroacetic acids, chlorophenols, carboxylic acids, chlorate and perchlorate was carefully evaluated. It was shown, for the first time, up to our knowledge, that the use of the microfluidic device allows to perform the treatment under a continuous mode and to achieve higher current efficiencies and a lower generation of some important by-products such as chlorate and perchlorate. As an example, the use of the microfluidic apparatus equipped with an Ag cathode allowed to achieve a high removal of total organic carbon (about 76%) coupled with a current efficiency of 17% and the production of a small amount of chlorate (about 30 ppm) and no perchlorate. The effect of many parameters (namely, flow rate, current density and nature of cathode) was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Randazzo
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ange Geagea
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Proietto
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galia
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy.
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Olvera-Vargas H, Selvam S, Veer R, García-Rodríguez O, Mutnuri S, Lefebvre O. A sustainable activated carbon fiber/TiO 2 cathode for the photoelectro-Fenton treatment of pharmaceutical pollutant enalapril. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141492. [PMID: 38387665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a TiO2-decorated electrode was fabricated by dip coating activated carbon fibers (ACF) with TiO2, which were then used as a cathode for the photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) treatment of the pharmaceutical enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that has been detected in several waterways. The TiO2 coating was found to principally improve the electrocatalytic properties of ACF for H2O2 production via the 2-e- O2 reduction, in turn increasing enalapril degradation by PEF. The effect of the current density on the mineralization of enalapril was evaluated and the highest TOC removal yield (80.5% in 3 h) was obtained at 8.33 mA cm-2, in the presence of 0.5 mmol L-1 of Fe2+ catalyst. Under those conditions, enalapril was totally removed within the first 10 min of treatment with a rate constant k = 0.472 min-1. In contrast, uncoated ACF only achieved 60% of TOC removal in 3 h at 8.33 mA cm-2. A degradation pathway for enalapril mineralization is proposed, based on the degradation by-products identified during treatment. Overall, the results demonstrate the promises of TiO2 cathodes for PEF, a strategy that has often been overlooked in favor of photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) based on TiO2-modified photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Olvera-Vargas
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore; Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico.
| | - Suthan Selvam
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Rishikesh Veer
- Water Sanitation and Hygiene Laboratory, BITS Pilani, KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17 B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Orlando García-Rodríguez
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, #02-03, T-Lab Building 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Srikanth Mutnuri
- Water Sanitation and Hygiene Laboratory, BITS Pilani, KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17 B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, #02-03, T-Lab Building 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.
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Qu G, Liu G, Zhao C, Yuan Z, Yang Y, Xiang K. Detection and treatment of mono and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in aqueous environments based on electrochemical technology: recent advances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23334-23362. [PMID: 38436845 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Mono and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are widely distributed and severely pollute the aqueous environment due to natural and human activities, particularly human activity. It is crucial to identify and address them in order to reduce the dangers and threats they pose to biological processes and ecosystems. In the fields of sensor detection and water treatment, electrochemistry plays a crucial role as a trustworthy and environmentally friendly technology. In order to accomplish trace detection while enhancing detection accuracy and precision, researchers have created and studied sensors using a range of materials based on electrochemical processes, and their results have demonstrated good performance. One cannot overlook the challenges associated with treating aromatic pollutants, including mono and polycyclic. Much work has been done and good progress has been achieved in order to address these challenges. This study discusses the mono and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sensor detection and electrochemical treatment technologies for contaminants in the aqueous environment. Additionally mentioned are the sources, distribution, risks, hazards, and problems in the removal of pollutants. The obstacles to be overcome and the future development plans of the field are then suggested by summarizing and assessing the research findings of the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Qu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Guojun Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Keyi Xiang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
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12
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Vilar DS, Correia da Silva HH, Dória AR, Torres NH, Vallim JH, Salgado de Castro VLS, Américo-Pinheiro JHP, Salazar-Banda GR, Barrios Eguiluz KI, Ferreira LFR. Reducing citrus effluent toxicity: Biological-electrochemical treatment with diamond anode. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123688. [PMID: 38431247 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
One challenge of the citrus industry is the treatment and disposal of its effluents due to their high toxicity, substantial organic load, and consequent resistance to conventional biotechnological processes. This study introduces a novel approach, using electrochemical oxidation with a boron-doped diamond anode to efficiently remove organic compounds from biodegraded pulp wash (treated using the fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju.) The findings reveal that employing a current density of 20 mA cm-2 achieves notable results, including a 44.1% reduction in color, a 70.0% decrease in chemical oxygen demand, an 88.0% reduction in turbidity, and an impressive 99.7% removal of total organic carbon (TOC) after 6 h of electrolysis. The energy consumption was estimated at 2.93 kWh g-1 of removed TOC. This sequential biological-electrochemical procedure not only significantly reduced the mortality rate (85%) of Danio rerio embryos but also reduced the incidence of morphologically altered parameters. Regarding acute toxicity (LC50) of the residue, the process demonstrated a mortality reduction of 6.97% for D. rerio and a 40.88% lethality decrease for Lactuca sativa seeds. The substantial reduction in toxicity and organic load observed in this study highlights the potential applicability of combined biological and electrochemical treatments for real agroindustrial residues or their effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora S Vilar
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Hugo H Correia da Silva
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Aline R Dória
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Nádia H Torres
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, 71966-700, Brazil.
| | - José H Vallim
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariuna, São Paulo 13820-000, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
- Department of Forest Science, Soils and Environment, School of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Universitária, 3780, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil; Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, 584, São Paulo - SP, 08230-030, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo R Salazar-Banda
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Katlin I Barrios Eguiluz
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490, Aracaju-Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando R Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, 71966-700, Brazil.
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13
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Ahmad A, Priyadarshini M, Yadav S, Ghangrekar MM, Surampalli RY. 3D electro-Fenton augmented with iron-biochar particle electrodes derived from waste iron bottle caps and sugarcane bagasse for the remediation of sodium dodecyl sulphate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117998. [PMID: 38145735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates a novel strategy of synthesizing iron-biochar (Fe@BCSB) composite made with the waste iron bottle cap and sugar cane bagasse for implementation in the three-dimensional electro-Fenton (3DEF) process. The catalytic ability of the Fe@BCSB composite was explored to remediate the sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant from wastewater at neutral pH. At the optimum operating condition of Fe@BCSB dose of 1.0 g L-1, current density of 4.66 mA cm-2, and Na2SO4 dose of 50 mM, nearly 92.7 ± 3.1% of 20 mg L-1 of SDS abatement was attained during 120 min of electrolysis time. Moreover, the Fe@BCSB showed significant recyclability up to six cycles. Besides, other organics were successfully treated with more than 85% abatement efficiency in the proposed Fe@BCSB-supported 3DEF process. The total operating cost obtained during SDS treatment was around 0.31 US$ m-3 of wastewater. The phytotoxicity test revealed the positive impact of the 3DEF-treated effluent on the germination of the Vigna radiata. The electron paramagnetic resonance conveyed •OH as the prevailing reactive species for the oxidation of SDS in the 3DEF process. Further, about 81.3 ± 3.8% of SDS and 53.7 ± 4.1% of mineralization efficacy were acquired from the real institutional sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Shraddha Yadav
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Makarand M Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Kansas, USA
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14
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Xu B, Lin Z, Li F, Tao T, Zhang G, Wang Y. Local O 2 concentrating boosts the electro-Fenton process for energy-efficient water remediation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317702121. [PMID: 38446850 PMCID: PMC10945831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317702121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The electro-Fenton process is a state-of-the-art water treatment technology used to remove organic contaminants. However, the low O2 utilization efficiency (OUE, <1%) and high energy consumption remain the biggest obstacles to practical application. Here, we propose a local O2 concentrating (LOC) approach to increase the OUE by over 11-fold compared to the conventional simple O2 diffusion route. Due to the well-designed molecular structure, the LOC approach enables direct extraction of O2 from the bulk solution to the reaction interface; this eliminates the need to pump O2/air to overcome the sluggish O2 mass transfer and results in high Faradaic efficiencies (~50%) even under natural air diffusion conditions. Long-term operation of a flow-through pilot device indicated that the LOC approach saved more than 65% of the electric energy normally consumed in treating actual industrial wastewater, demonstrating the great potential of this system-level design to boost the electro-Fenton process for energy-efficient water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bincheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse (Tongji University), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Ze Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse (Tongji University), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Fengting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse (Tongji University), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse (Tongji University), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse (Tongji University), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
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15
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Widdifield CM, Zakeri F. Can simple 'molecular' corrections outperform projector augmented-wave density functional theory in the prediction of 35 Cl electric field gradient tensor parameters for chlorine-containing crystalline systems? MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:156-168. [PMID: 37950622 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Many-body expansion (MBE) fragment approaches have been applied to accurately compute nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters in crystalline systems. Recent examples demonstrate that electric field gradient (EFG) tensor parameters can be accurately calculated for 14 N and 17 O. A key additional development is the simple molecular correction (SMC) approach, which uses two one-body fragment (i.e., isolated molecule) calculations to adjust NMR parameter values established using 'benchmark' projector augmented-wave (PAW) density functional theory (DFT) values. Here, we apply a SMC using the hybrid PBE0 exchange-correlation (XC) functional to see if this can improve the accuracy of calculated 35 Cl EFG tensor parameters. We selected eight organic and two inorganic crystal structures and considered 15 chlorine sites. We find that this SMC improves the accuracy of computed values for both the 35 Cl quadrupolar coupling constant (CQ ) and the asymmetry parameter ( η Q ) by approximately 30% compared with benchmark PAW DFT values. We also assessed a SMC that offers local improvements not only in terms of the quality of the XC functional but simultaneously in the quality of the description of relativistic effects via the inclusion of spin-orbit effects. As the inorganic systems considered contain heavy atoms bonded to the chlorine atoms, we find further improvements in the accuracy of calculated 35 Cl EFG tensor parameters when both a hybrid functional and spin-orbit effects are included in the SMC. On the contrary, for chlorine-containing organics, the inclusion of spin-orbit relativistic effects using a SMC does not improve the accuracy of computed 35 Cl EFG tensor parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Widdifield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Zakeri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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16
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Li Z, Yang D, Li S, Yang L, Yan W, Xu H. Advances on electrochemical disinfection research: Mechanisms, influencing factors and applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169043. [PMID: 38070567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection, a vital barrier against pathogenic microorganisms, is crucial in halting the spread of waterborne diseases. Electrochemical methods have been extensively researched and implemented for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms from water and wastewater, primarily owing to their simplicity, efficiency, and eco-friendliness. This review succinctly outlined the core mechanisms of electrochemical disinfection (ED) and systematically examined the factors influencing its efficacy, including anode materials, system conditions, and target species. Additionally, the practical application of ED in water and wastewater treatment was comprehensively reviewed. Case studies involving various scenarios such as drinking water, hospital wastewater, black water, rainwater, and ballast water provided concrete instances of the expansive utility of ED. Finally, coupling ED with other technologies and the resulting synergies were introduced as pivotal foundations for subsequent engineering advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Duowen Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311200, China.
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17
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Mostefaoui N, Oturan N, Bouafia SC, Hien SA, Gibert-Vilas M, Lesage G, Pechaud Y, Tassin B, Oturan M, Trellu C. Integration of electrochemical processes in a treatment system for landfill leachates based on a membrane bioreactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168841. [PMID: 38036133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrocoagulation (EC) and anodic oxidation (AO) processes was studied for improving a treatment system for landfill leachates based on a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a nanofiltration step. The main limitation of the current full-scale system is related to the partial removal of organic compounds that leads to operation of the nanofiltration unit with a highly concentrated feed solution. Application of the EC before the MBR participated in partial removal of the organic load (40 %) with limited energy consumption (2.8 kWh m-3) but with additional production of iron hydroxide sludge. Only AO allowed for non-selective removal of organic compounds. As a standalone process, AO would require a sharp increase of the energy consumption (116 kWh for 81 % removal of total organic carbon). But using lower electric charge and combining AO with EC and MBR processes would allow for achieving high overall removal yields with limited energy consumption. For example, the overall removal yield of total organic carbon was 65 % by application of AO after EC, with an energy consumption of 21 kWh m-3. Results also showed that such treatment strategy might allow for a significant increase of the biodegradability of the effluent before treatment by the MBR. The MBR might then be dedicated to the removal of the residual organic load as well as to the removal of the nitrogen load. The data obtained in this study also showed that the lower electric charge required for integrating AO in a coupled process would allow for strongly decreasing the formation of undesired by-products such as ClO3- and ClO4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Mostefaoui
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France; Laboratory of Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Process Engineering USTHB, BP 32, El-Allia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France
| | - Souad Chergui Bouafia
- Laboratory of Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Process Engineering USTHB, BP 32, El-Allia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers 16111, Algeria
| | - Sié Alain Hien
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France; Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels, de Synthèse de l'Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), Institut National Polytechnique Houphouët-Boigny, BP 1313, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Màxim Gibert-Vilas
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Montpellier, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Yoan Pechaud
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France
| | - Bruno Tassin
- Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains, LEESU, Ecole des Ponts, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Mehmet Oturan
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France
| | - Clément Trellu
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement EA 4508, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, Cedex 2, France.
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18
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Li Q, Liu GH, Du H, Xian G, Qi L, Wang H. Synergistic mechanisms between chlorine-mediated electrochemical advanced oxidation and ultraviolet light for ammonia removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120057. [PMID: 38198839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The combination of chlorine-mediated electrochemical advanced oxidation (Cl-EAO) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UV-E/Cl) can efficiently remove ammonia from wastewater. However, the synergistic mechanisms between Cl-EAO and UV need to be explored in more detail. Thus, in this study, the ammonia oxidation performance of Cl-EAO and UV-E/Cl systems were compared, while the synergistic mechanisms were identified by the performance of UV/chlorine oxidation (UV-ClO) system and the results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, free radical inhibition assays, and determination of steady-state concentration of free radicals. It was found that, compared with the Cl-EAO system, UV increased the ammonia removal rate by 42.85% and reduced the active chlorine concentration (56.64%) and nitrate yield (53.61%). In the Cl-EAO, and UV-E/Cl systems, Cl• were detected, and the free radical inhibition assays and determination of steady-state concentration of free radicals suggested that UV increased the concentration of Cl• by 51.47%, resulting in Cl• becoming the major contributor to ammonia oxidation in the UV-E/Cl system. Besides, UV also increase the concentrations of HO• and Cl2•-, which further promoted the organic matter removal in the real domestic wastewater. This study also discussed the ammonia oxidation performance of the UV-E/Cl system in real domestic wastewater, even with the presence of significant levels of organic and inorganic anions in the wastewater, UV increased the ammonia oxidation by 21.95%. The results of this study thus clarify the mechanisms and potential applications of UV-E/Cl technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangang Li
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Nature Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Nature Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Hongbiao Du
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Nature Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Guang Xian
- Army Logistics Academy, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Nature Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Nature Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
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19
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Deng Z, Zhao B, Li S, Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang K, Zhu Z. An efficient CuZr-based metallic glasses electrode material for electrocatalytic degradation of azo dyes. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:537-546. [PMID: 37923462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallic glasses have received a lot of attention on wastewater treatment due to their unique atomic structure, and the use of metallic glasses as electrodes has produced unexpected electrocatalytic degradation effects for many pollutants through combining with electrochemical technology. However, it still is a formidable challenge to find a metallic glass electrode material with both efficient and clean for the catalytic degradation of pollutants. In this work, the Cu55Zr45 metallic glassy ribbons are used as an electrode to degrade azo dyes and show the excellent degradation effect, which can reach 95.6% within 40 min. In the degradation process, almost no additives are produced and Cu55Zr45 metallic glassy ribbons have excellent effects under different pH conditions. Meanwhile, it exhibits good stability for degradation efficiency during the 8 cycle degradation tests of the amorphous alloy electrode. When the copper nanoparticles are exposed on the surface of the ribbons, the oxidized copper obtained synergistically produce activated radicals is the primary degradation mechanism, where the auxiliary degradation mechanisms include electron transfer and the promotion of active chlorine. This research develops a new type of electrode material for wastewater treatment, and the economy and high efficiency of Cu55Zr45 metallic glass endow it the expandable functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwang Deng
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, School of materials science and engineering, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bowen Zhao
- Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhengkun Li
- Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Qingdao Yunlu Advanced Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266232, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, School of materials science and engineering, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Zhengwang Zhu
- Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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20
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Zhang Q, Peng Y, Peng Y, Zhang J, Yuan X, Zhang J, Cheng C, Ren W, Duan X, Xiao X, Luo X. Mineralization versus polymerization pathways in heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120931. [PMID: 38101051 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fenton reaction has been widespread application in water purification due to the excellent oxidation performances. However, the poor cycle efficiency of Fe(III)/Fe(II) is one of the biggest bottlenecks. In this study, graphite (GP) was used as a green carbon catalyst to accelerate Fenton-like (H2O2/Fe3+ and persulfate/Fe3+) reactions by promoting ferric ion reduction and intensifying diverse peroxide activation pathways. Significantly, the carboxyl group on GP anchors iron ions to form GP-COOFe(III) which promote persulfate adsorption to form surface complexes and induce an electron transfer pathway (ETP). While the electron-rich hydroxyl and carbonyl groups will combine to from GP-COFe(II), a reductive intermediate to activate peroxide to generate free radicals (from H2O2 and PDS) or high-value iron [Fe(IV)] (from PMS). Consequently, different pathways lead to distinct degree of oxidation: i) radicals in H2O2/Fe3+/GP prefer to mineralize bisphenol A (BPA) with no selectivity; ii) Fe(IV) in PMS/Fe3+/GP partially oxidizes BPA but cannot open the aromatic ring; iii) ETP in PMS/ or PDS/Fe3+/GP drives coupling reactions to form polymeric products covered on catalyst surface. Thus, rational engineering surface functionality of graphite and selecting proper peroxides can realize on-demand selectivity and oxidation capacity in Fenton-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Yanhua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Yu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Jianzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Xinkai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA5005, Australia; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA5005, Australia.
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA5005, Australia
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China.
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21
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Mirshafiee A, Nourollahi M, Shahriary A. Application of electro oxidation process for treating wastewater from petrochemical with mixed metal oxide electrode. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1760. [PMID: 38243014 PMCID: PMC10799041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Petrochemicals require a large volume of water for their operation, which results in the production of a large volume of wastewater. Treatment of petrochemical wastewater is an important process before discharging it into the environment. This research examines the treatment of real petrochemical wastewater using the electrochemical oxidation process. Direct anodic oxidation is an effective advanced electrochemical oxidation process (AEOP), with different electrodes using a parallel plate electrochemical reactor. Four types of real wastewater were received from different petrochemical units were treated by AEOP. Real wastewater samples with chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations ranging from 20,450 to 52,300 mg/l. The main goal of this research is to make electrodes of Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO), which can reduce the treatment time and electricity consumption for oxidation, greater stability of the surface of the electrodes. Investigation of the rate constant kinetics shows that high COD removal efficiency can be achieved following the pseudo-second order reaction rate (R2 > 98%). When the wastewater pH is less than 5, COD removal efficiency is higher and the treatment process will be successful, which succeeded in removing 79% COD, but in alkaline wastewater, COD reduction efficiency was not satisfactory. The electricity consumption for 79% removal during 6 min was 117 kWh/m3. As a result, due to the very short time of the process (6 min), it can be used as one of the pre-treatment steps of petrochemical wastewater with acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mirshafiee
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nourollahi
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Li J, Wang T, Liang E. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic evidence for atrazine degradation by electro-activated persulfate: Radical contributions and comparisons with heat-activated persulfate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122892. [PMID: 37952922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The activation ways of persulfate (PS) were dominate for pollutant degradation and energy consumption. For the first time, this research compared electro-activated PS and heat-activated PS from the perspective of isotope fractionation, in order to "fingerprinted" and precisely interpretate reaction contributions and degradation pathways. As results, PS can be electrochemically activated with atrazine (ATZ) removal rates of 84.8% and 88.8% at pH 4 and 7. The two-dimensional isotope plots (ɅC/H) values were 6.20 at pH 4 and 7.46 at pH 7, rather different from that of SO4·- -dominated process with ɅC/H value of -4.80 at pH 4 and -23.0 at pH 7, suggesting the weak contribution of SO4·-. ATZ degradation by electro-activated PS was controlled by direct electron transfer (DET) and ·OH radical, and ·OHPS (derived from PS activation) played the crucial role with contributing rate of 63.2%-69.1%, while DET and ·OHBDD (derived from electrolysis of H2O) contributed to 4.5-7.9% and 23.0%-30.8%, respectively. This was different from heat activation of PS, of which the latter was dominated by SO4·- with contributions of 83.9%-100%. The discrepant dominating reactive oxygen species should be responsible for their different degradation capabilities and pathways. This research provided isotopic interpretations for differences of PS activation mode, and further efforts can be made to realize the selective degradation by enhancing the specific reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
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23
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Castillo-Cabrera GX, Pliego-Cerdán CI, Méndez E, Espinoza-Montero PJ. Step-by-step guide for electrochemical generation of highly oxidizing reactive species on BDD for beginners. Front Chem 2024; 11:1298630. [PMID: 38239927 PMCID: PMC10794620 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1298630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Selecting the ideal anodic potential conditions and corresponding limiting current density to generate reactive oxygen species, especially the hydroxyl radical (•OH), becomes a major challenge when venturing into advanced electrochemical oxidation processes. In this work, a step-by-step guide for the electrochemical generation of •OH on boron-doped diamond (BDD) for beginners is shown, in which the following steps are discussed: i) BDD activation (assuming it is new), ii) the electrochemical response of BDD (in electrolyte and ferri/ferro-cyanide), iii) Tafel plots using sampled current voltammetry to evaluate the overpotential region where •OH is mainly generated, iv) a study of radical entrapment in the overpotential region where •OH generation is predominant according to the Tafel plots, and v) finally, the previously found ideal conditions are applied in the electrochemical degradation of amoxicillin, and the instantaneous current efficiency and relative cost of the process are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erika Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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24
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Yan L, Liu R, Zhang C, Fu D. Investigation into the electrochemical advanced oxidation of p-arsanilic acid: Peculiar role of electrolytes and unexpected formation of coupling byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167538. [PMID: 37797755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Although banned in some countries, p-arsanilic acid (ASA) is still widely used as feed additive in poultry production. As a result, ASA is usually released into the aquatic environment without any treatments. Although ASA exhibits low toxicity, it can be transformed into highly toxic aromatic amines and inorganic arsenic species (As (V) as H2AsO4- and HAsO42-) under natural environmental conditions. Hence, it is necessary to develop efficient technologies for its removal or degradation. In this contribution, electrochemical advanced oxidation technology with boron-doped diamond (BDD) had been initially used to degrade ASA pollutants. A five-level central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was implemented to optimize the various influencing factors involved, among applied current density, NaCl concentration, Na2SO4 concentration and NaHCO3 concentration on the oxidation efficiency; the latter was assessed in terms of ASA degradation percentage. The results obtained highlighted the unique and important roles of electrolytes during the electrolytic oxidations. Meanwhile, the major degradation byproducts detected were also strongly dependent on the electrolyte adopted. In particular, several oligomer byproducts with novel structures were initially identified in BDD-treated ASA solutions. Two different electrochemical transformation pathways of ASA on BDD anode were thus proposed. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of BDD technology in the degradation of ASA, as well as the potential minor risk of its application in actual ASA wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yan
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunyong Zhang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Degang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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25
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Chen C, Lu L, Fei L, Xu J, Wang B, Li B, Shen L, Lin H. Membrane-catalysis integrated system for contaminants degradation and membrane fouling mitigation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166220. [PMID: 37591402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The integration of catalytic degradation and membrane separation processes not only enables continuous degradation of contaminants but also effectively alleviates inevitable membrane fouling, demonstrating fascinating practical value for efficient water purification. Such membrane-catalysis integrated system (MCIS) has attracted tremendous research interest from scientists in chemical engineering and environmental science recently. In this review, the advantages of MCIS are discussed, including the membrane structure regulation, stable catalyst loading, nano-confinement effect, and efficient natural organic matter (NOM) exclusion, highlighting the synergistic effect between membrane separation and catalytic process. Subsequently, the design considerations for the fabrication of catalytic membranes, including substrate membrane, catalytic material, and fabrication method, are comprehensively summarized. Afterward, the mechanisms and performance of MCIS based on different catalytic types, including liquid-phase oxidants/reductants involved MCIS, gas involved MCIS, photocatalysis involved MCIS, and electrocatalysis involved MCIS are reviewed in detail. Finally, the research direction and future perspectives of catalytic membranes for water purification are proposed. The current review provides an in-depth understanding of the design of catalytic membranes and facilitates their further development for practical applications in efficient water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Lun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Lingya Fei
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Jiujing Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Boya Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Bisheng Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, 321004, China.
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26
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Zhang D, Tang Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Liu X, Tang H, Zhang H, Wang D, Long Y, Liu C. Electrocatalytic Deep Dehalogenation and Mineralization of Florfenicol: Synergy of Atomic Hydrogen Reduction and Hydroxyl Radical Oxidation over Bifunctional Cathode Catalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20315-20325. [PMID: 37978928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to achieve deep dehalogenation or mineralization for halogenated antibiotics using traditional reduction or oxidation processes, posing the risk of microbial activity inhibition and bacterial resistance. Herein, an efficient electrocatalytic process coupling atomic hydrogen (H*) reduction with hydroxyl radical (•OH) oxidation on a bifunctional cathode catalyst is developed for the deep dehalogenation and mineralization of florfenicol (FLO). Atomically dispersed NiFe bimetallic catalyst on nitrogen-doped carbon as a bifunctional cathode catalyst can simultaneously generate H* and •OH through H2O/H+ reduction and O2 reduction, respectively. The H* performs nucleophilic hydro-dehalogenation, and the •OH performs electrophilic oxidization of the carbon skeleton. The experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that reductive dehalogenation and oxidative mineralization processes can promote each other mutually, showing an effect of 1 + 1 > 2. 100% removal, 100% dechlorination, 70.8% defluorination, and 65.1% total organic carbon removal for FLO are achieved within 20 min (C0 = 20 mg·L-1, -0.5 V vs SCE, pH 7). The relative abundance of the FLO resistance gene can be significantly reduced in the subsequent biodegradation system. This study demonstrates that the synergy of reduction dehalogenation and oxidation degradation can achieve the deep removal of refractory halogenated organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Research Institute of HNU in Chongqing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Liu
- School of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Haifang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Hunan Zhengda Environmental Protection Technology Co., LTD., Hunan University National Science Park, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yi Long
- Hunan Zhengda Environmental Protection Technology Co., LTD., Hunan University National Science Park, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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27
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de Oliveira Santiago Santos G, Athie Goulart L, Sánchez-Montes I, Santos da Silva R, de Vasconcelos Lanza MR. Electrochemically enhanced iron oxide-modified carbon cathode toward improved heterogeneous electro-Fenton reaction for the degradation of norfloxacin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:118736-118753. [PMID: 37917268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, different iron-based cathode materials were prepared using two different approaches: a novel one-step approach, which involved the incorporation of iron oxide with Printex® L6 carbon/PTFE (PL6C/PTFE) on bare carbon felt (CF) and a two-step approach, where iron oxide is deposited onto CF previously modified with PL6C/PTFE. The results obtained from the physical characterization indicated that the presence of iron oxide homogeneously dispersed on the felt fibers with the CF 3-D network kept intact in the one-step approach; whereas the formation of iron oxide aggregates between the felt fibers for material obtained using the two-step approach. Among the iron oxide-based cathodes investigated, the iron-incorporated electrode exhibited the greatest efficiency in terms of the removal and mineralization of norfloxacin (NOR) under neutral pH (complete NOR removal in less than 30 min with around 50% mineralization after 90 min). The findings of this study show that the low cost and simple-to-prepare iron-modified carbon-based materials in HEF process led to the enhanced degradation of organic contaminants in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Athie Goulart
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Isaac Sánchez-Montes
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
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28
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Liu H, Hong X, Chen J, Lin X, Wang B, Xiong Y. Electrochemical oxidation of tetrahydrofurfuryl acohol on boron-doped diamond anode: Influence of current density and electrolyte solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140396. [PMID: 37820875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a widely applied raw materials, intermediate and solvent in the fields of agricultural, industry (especially in nuclear industry), is a potentially hazardous and non-biodegradable pollutant in wastewater. In this study, the electrochemical degradation pathways of THFA by a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode with different current density (jappl = 20, 40 and 60 mA cm-2) and electrolyte solution (KNO3, KCl and K2SO4) was carefully investigated. The results exhibit that high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and mineralization rates were achieved by rapid non-selective oxidation in electrolyte solutions mediated by hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) and active chlorine (sulfate) under constant current electrolysis. In-depth data analysis using the high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy, the underlying removal pathways of THFA in KNO3, KCl and K2SO4 electrolyte solutions are proposed according to the effect of different mineralization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Hong
- School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Jingshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Xu Lin
- School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China.
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China.
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29
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Liu Z, Qian W, Chen M, Zhou W, Song B, Zhang B, Bao X, Tang Q, Liu Y, Zhang C. Electrocatalytic oxidation of gaseous toluene in an all-solid cell using a foam Ti/Sb-SnO 2/β-PbO 2 anode. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 134:77-85. [PMID: 37673535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Mineralization of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) with high efficiency at room temperature is still a challenge for the purification of indoor air. In this work, a foam Ti/Sb-SnO2/β-PbO2 anode catalyst was prepared for electrocatalytically oxidizing gaseous toluene in an all-solid cell at ambient temperature. The complex Ti/Sb-SnO2/β-PbO2 anode, which was prepared by sequentially deposing Sb-SnO2 and β-PbO2 on a foam Ti substrate, shows high electrocatalytic oxidation efficiency of toluene (80%) at 7 hr of reaction and high CO2 selectivity (94.9%) under an optimized condition, i.e., a cell voltage of 2.0 V, relative humidity of 60% and a flow rate of 100 mL/min. The better catalytic performance can be ascribed to the high production rate of ⋅OH radicals from discharging adsorbed water and the inhibition of oxygen evolution on the surface of foam Ti/Sb-SnO2/β-PbO2 anode when compared with the foam Ti/Sb-SnO2 anode. Our results demonstrate that prepared complex electrodes can be potentially used for electrocatalytic removal of gaseous toluene at room temperature with a good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiming Qian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenshuo Zhou
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Boying Song
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaolei Bao
- Hebei Technological Innovation Center for Volatile Organic Compounds Detection and Treatment in Chemical Industry, Department of quality inspection and management, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, China
| | - Qiong Tang
- College of Energy materials and Chemicals, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Changbin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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30
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Wei MM, Ma YF, Zhang GL, Li Q, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Urea-catalyzed N-Glycosylation of Amides/Azacycles with Glycosyl Halides. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300791. [PMID: 37843982 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of N-glycosides via direct N-glycosylation of amides/azacycles has been reported. The glycosylation of amides/azacycles with glycosyl halides in the presence of a catalytic amount of urea proceeded smoothly to provide the corresponding N-glycosylated amides or nucleosides in good to excellent yields with 1,2-trans-stereoselectivity. Moreover, by the addition of terpyridine, the 1,2-cis-stereoselectivity was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Man Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu-Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Gao-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No.38, Beijing, 100191, China
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31
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Lim HJ, Kim DJ, Rigby K, Chen W, Xu H, Wu X, Kim JH. Peroxymonosulfate-Based Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation: Complication by Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19054-19063. [PMID: 37943016 PMCID: PMC10691423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have received widespread attention in recent years, but the precise nature of PMS activation and its impact on the overall process performance remain poorly understood. This study presents the first demonstration of the critical role played by the oxygen reduction reaction in the effective utilization of PMS and the subsequent enhancement of overall pollutant remediation. We observed the concurrent generation of H2O2 via oxygen reduction during the cathodic PMS activation by a model nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube catalyst. A complex interplay between H2O2 generation and PMS activation, as well as a locally increased pH near the electrode due to the oxygen reduction reaction, resulted in a SO4•-/•OH-mixed oxidation environment that facilitated pollutant degradation. The findings of this study highlight a unique dependency between PMS-driven and H2O2-driven EAOPs and a new perspective on a previously unexplored route for further enhancing PMS-based treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Lim
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic
of Korea
| | - David J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Kali Rigby
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Wensi Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Huimin Xu
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuanhao Wu
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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32
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Sun Y, Zhao Z, Tong H, Sun B, Liu Y, Ren N, You S. Machine Learning Models for Inverse Design of the Electrochemical Oxidation Process for Water Purification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17990-18000. [PMID: 37189261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a machine learning (ML) framework is developed toward target-oriented inverse design of the electrochemical oxidation (EO) process for water purification. The XGBoost model exhibited the best performances for prediction of reaction rate (k) based on training the data set relevant to pollutant characteristics and reaction conditions, indicated by Rext2 of 0.84 and RMSEext of 0.79. Based on 315 data points collected from the literature, the current density, pollutant concentration, and gap energy (Egap) were identified to be the most impactful parameters available for the inverse design of the EO process. In particular, adding reaction conditions as model input features allowed provision of more available information and an increase in the sample size of the data set to improve the model accuracy. The feature importance analysis was performed for revealing the data pattern and feature interpretation by using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). The ML-based inverse design for the EO process was generalized to a random case for tailoring the optimum conditions with phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) serving as model pollutants. The resulting predicted k values were close to the experimental k values by experimental verification, accounting for the relative error lower than 5%. This study provides a paradigm shift from conventional trial-and-error mode to data-driven mode for advancing research and development of the EO process by a time-saving, labor-effective, and environmentally friendly target-oriented strategy, which makes electrochemical water purification more efficient, more economic, and more sustainable in the context of global carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, P. R. China
| | - Baiming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, P. R. China
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
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33
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Wei R, Pei S, Yu Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, You S. Water Flow-Driven Coupling Process of Anodic Oxygen Evolution and Cathodic Oxygen Activation for Water Decontamination and Prevention of Chlorinated Byproducts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17404-17414. [PMID: 37920955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is a promising technology for decentralized water decontamination but is subject to parasitic anodic oxygen evolution and formation of toxic chlorinated byproducts in the presence of Cl-. To address this issue, we developed a novel electrolytic process by water flow-driven coupling of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and cathodic molecular oxygen activation (MOA). When water flows from anode to cathode, O2 produced from OER is carried by water through convection, followed by being activated by atomic hydrogen (H*) on Pd cathode to produce •OH. The water flow-driven OER/MOA process enables the anode to be polarized at low potential (1.7 V vs SHE) that is lower than that of conventional EAOP whose •OH is produced from direct water oxidation (>2.3 V vs SHE). At a flow rate of 30 mL min-1, the process could achieve 94.8% removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 71.5% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) within 45 min at an anode potential of 1.7 V vs SHE and cathode potential of -0.5 V vs SHE. To achieve the comparable 2,4-DCP removal performance, 4.3-fold higher energy consumption was needed for the conventional EAOP with titanium suboxide anode (anode potential of 2.9 V vs SHE), but current efficiency declined by 3.5 folds. Unlike conventional EAOP, chlorate and perchlorate were not detected in the OER/MOA process, because low anode potential <2.0 V vs SHE was thermodynamically unfavorable for the formation of chlorinated byproducts by anodic oxidation, indicated by theoretical calculations and experimental data. This study provides a proof-in-concept demonstration of water flow-driven OER/MOA process, representing a paradigm shift of electrochemical technology for water decontamination and prevention of chlorinated byproducts, making electrochemical water decontamination more efficient, more economic, and more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shuzhao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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34
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Zheng Z, Zhang K, Toe CY, Amal R, Deletic A. Photo-electrochemical oxidation flow system for stormwater herbicides removal: Operational conditions and energy consumption analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:166375. [PMID: 37598967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical oxidation (PECO) is a promising advanced technology for treating micropollutants in stormwater. However, it is important to understand its operation prior to practical validation. In this study, we introduced a flow PECO system designed to evaluate its potential for full-scale applications in herbicides degradation, providing valuable insights for future large-scale implementations. The PECO flow reactor demonstrated the ability to treat a larger volume of stormwater (675 mL, approximately 10 times more than previous batch experiments) with effective removal rates of 92 % for diuron and 22 % for atrazine over 6 h of operation at 2 V. To address the large volume issue in stormwater treatment, a multiple module parallel application design is being considered to increase the treatment capacity of the PECO flow reactor. During the flow reactor operations, flow rate was found to have a notable impact on removal performance, particularly for diuron. At a flow rate of 610 mL min-1, approximately 90 % removal of diuron was achieved, while at 29 mL min-1, the removal efficiency decreased to 60 %. While light intensity had minimal effect on diuron degradation (all settings achieved over 90 % removal), it enhanced atrazine degradation from 9 % to 31 % with an increase in intensity from 63 mW cm-2 to 144 mW cm-2. Remarkably, the PECO flow system exhibited excellent removal performance (>90 % removal) for diuron even at extremely high initial pollutant concentrations (240 μg L-1), demonstrating its capacity to handle varying contaminant loads in stormwater. Energy consumption analysis revealed that flow rate as the primary factor influenced the specific energy consumption rate. Higher flow rate (e.g., 610 mL min-1) were preferable in flow reactor due to its well-balanced performance between removal and energy consumption. These findings confirm that the PECO flow system offers an efficient and promising approach for stormwater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhi Zheng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cui Ying Toe
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ana Deletic
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4001, Australia
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35
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Li Z, Li X, Li S, Yang Y, Yan W, Xu H. Bibliometric analysis of electrochemical disinfection: current status and development trend from 2002 to 2022. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:111714-111731. [PMID: 37831234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The removal of waterborne pathogens from water is critical in preventing the spread of waterborne diseases. Electrochemical methods have been extensively researched and implemented for disinfection, primarily owing to their simplicity, efficiency, and eco-friendliness. Thus, it is essential to conduct a review about the research progress and hotspots on this promising technique. In this paper, we provided a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to systematically study and analyze the current status, hotspots, and trends in electrochemical disinfection research from 2002 to 2022. This study analyzed literature related to electrochemical disinfection or electrochemical sterilization published in the Web of Science database from 2002 to 2022 using CiteSpace and Biblioshiny R language software packages. The analysis focused on the visualization and assessment of annual publication volume, discipline and journal distribution, collaborative networks, highly cited papers, and keywords to systematically understand the current status and trends of electrochemical disinfection. The results showed that between 2002 and 2022, 1171 publications related to electrochemical disinfection were published, with an exponential increase in the cumulative number of publications (y=17.518e0.2147x, R2= 0.9788). The publications covered 76 disciplines with many articles published in high-impact journals. However, the research power was characterized by a large number of scattered research efforts and insufficient cooperation, indicating the need for further innovative collaboration. The citation analysis and keyword analysis suggest that future development in this field may focus on optimizing electrode materials, investigating the disinfection performance of ·OH based systems, optimizing conditions for actual wastewater treatment, and reducing energy consumption to promote practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Flexible Coal Power Generation and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Xi'an TPRI Water-Management & Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
- Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 311200, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 311200, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Lara-Ramos JA, Diaz-Angulo J, Mosquera-Vargas E, Mueses MA, Machuca-Martínez F. Performance of a pilot-scale BDD reactor by numerical analysis of reaction rate parameters and additional numbers for mass transfers. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139988. [PMID: 37669720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a pilot-scale boron-doped diamond (BDD) reactor through a numerical analysis of reaction rate parameters and enhanced mass transfer has been investigated. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of the reactor in mineralizing and degrading caffeine as an emerging contaminant. Based on the kinetic mechanisms and mass transport correlations reported in the literature, two reaction rate kinetic models for caffeine degradation are proposed and analyzed. The models consider different electrolytes (NaCl and Na2SO4) and applied current densities. The kinetic fitting process utilizes the gradient-maximal electrochemical approach, together with orthogonal placement methods, fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) methods, and Nelder & Mead methods for optimization of kinetic parameters and spatial discretization of the material balance. Experimental data obtained from a factorial design with four factors and two levels (24) validate the proposed kinetic models. Caffeine degradation is achieved with NaCl and Na2SO4 electrolytes at concentrations of 60 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. The corresponding applied loads are 1.5 AhL-1 and 3 AhL-1. Na2SO4 exhibits superior performance with a total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency of 99.13%, while NaCl achieves 31.47% mineralization. The behavior of caffeine degradation under the operational and scale conditions demonstrates that NaCl, as a support electrolyte, enables controlled charge transfer (current density) during the degradation process. In contrast, Na2SO4 as a support electrolyte introduces a mixed control of charge and mass transfer. The pilot-scale kinetic parameters obtained in this study provide valuable insights into the support electrolyte dynamics and current density dynamics in BDD-based Electrooxidation (EO) systems, particularly in complex matrix applications. Furthermore, the observed electrical consumption supports the potential application of EO as a viable technology for industrial-scale tertiary wastewater treatment, specifically for caffeine removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Lara-Ramos
- Dismares- Biohidroingeniería, Km 6 vía Santa Marta-Riohacha, Colombia; Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 760032, Colombia.
| | - Jennyfer Diaz-Angulo
- Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Tratamiento de Aguas, Modelado de Procesos y gestión de Residuos, GITAM A&S Consultoría y Suministros, Colombia.
| | - Edgar Mosquera-Vargas
- Departamento de Física, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 760032, Colombia; Centro de Excelencia en Nuevos Materiales (CENM), Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 760032, Colombia.
| | - Miguel A Mueses
- Photocatalysis and Solar Photoreactors Engineering, Modeling & Application of AOTs, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Fiderman Machuca-Martínez
- Centro de Excelencia en Nuevos Materiales (CENM), Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 760032, Colombia; Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali 760032, Colombia.
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37
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Xu J, Olvera-Vargas H, Ou GHX, Randriamahazaka H, Lefebvre O. Hybrid TiO 2/Carbon quantum dots heterojunction photoanodes for solar photoelectrocatalytic wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140077. [PMID: 37690559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The modification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a strategy to maximize the utilization of sunlight. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are carbon nanomaterials with outstanding optical and electronic properties that are suitable for that purpose. In this work, three types of hybrid TiO2/CQD photoelectrodes were synthesized following different methods: 1) deposition of a CQD layer on top of TiO2 (labelled as TiO2-CQD); 2) deposition of a TiO2 layer on top of CQDs (labelled as CQD-TiO2) and; 3) deposition of a mixed CQD + TiO2 layer (labelled as CQD + TiO2). The photoelectrodes were investigated for the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of phenol as model pollutant under simulated solar light and TiO2-CQD showed the highest apparent reaction rate constant of kapp = 0.0117 min-1 with 40% of TOC removal in 6 h of treatment. CQDs were found to enhance photon absorption in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum and in turn phenol degradation by promoting the separation of photogenerated charge carriers through electron transfer via the Ti-O-C bonds formed at the TiO2-CQD interface. Finally, the performance of the TiO2-CQD photoanode was evaluated for the treatment of real wastewater from the membrane fabrication sector, confirming its photoelectrocatalytic efficiency under solar radiation with 93% of TOC removal in 8 h of treatment and kapp = 0.0058 min-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Xu
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Hugo Olvera-Vargas
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore; Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IER-UNAM), Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Col. Centro, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
| | - Gloria Hui Xin Ou
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | | | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, #02-03, T-Lab Building 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore,117411.
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38
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Kang Y, Gu Z, Ma B, Zhang W, Sun J, Huang X, Hu C, Choi W, Qu J. Unveiling the spatially confined oxidation processes in reactive electrochemical membranes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6590. [PMID: 37852952 PMCID: PMC10584896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxidation offers opportunities for sustainable environmental remediation, but it is often hampered by the slow mass transfer and short lives of electro-generated radicals. Here, we achieve a four times higher kinetic constant (18.9 min-1) for the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the reactive electrochemical membrane by reducing the pore size from 105 to 7 μm, with the predominate mechanism shifting from hydroxyl radical oxidation to direct electron transfer. More interestingly, such an enhancement effect is largely dependent on the molecular structure and its sensitivity to the direct electron transfer process. The spatial distributions of reactant and hydroxyl radicals are visualized via multiphysics simulation, revealing the compressed diffusion layer and restricted hydroxyl radical generation in the microchannels. This study demonstrates that both the reaction kinetics and the electron transfer pathway can be effectively regulated by the spatial confinement effect, which sheds light on the design of cost-effective electrochemical platforms for water purification and chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Baiwen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- KENTECH Institute for Environmental & Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju, 58330, Korea
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingqiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyang Huang
- KENTECH Institute for Environmental & Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju, 58330, Korea
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wonyong Choi
- KENTECH Institute for Environmental & Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju, 58330, Korea
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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39
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Wei J, Liu Y, Wu X. A cyclone reactor of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes using PbO 2 anode and H 2O 2 electrosynthesis cathode. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120629. [PMID: 37717333 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes are promising tools for pollution abatement but most still lack practical engineering attempts and devices. A type of process intensification reactor for the electrochemical advanced oxidation processes is developed here. The cyclone continuous flow electrochemical reactor adopts a PbO2 anode and H2O2 electrosynthesis cathode together. A lab-scale cyclone continuous flow electrochemical reactor is fabricated and simulated, which is evaluated using the H-acid wastewater. The contributions of the PbO2 anode and H2O2 electrosynthesis cathode to pollutant degradation are discussed particularly. A 3-D model is developed to provide a visualized perspective on the reactor performances, including flow distribution, mass transfer, and current distribution. Pronounced signals of powerful radicals can be detected for the PbO2H2O2 cyclone reactor, including •OH, SO4•-, and 1O2. It exhibits excellent performances on mass transfer, electrical properties, organic degradation, and space-time yield. Such a strategy presents a promising engineering solution for scale-up and further development toward industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucai Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei HuaDeLai (HDL) Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Hubei HuaDeLai (HDL) Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430023, PR China.
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40
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Wilsey MK, Taseska T, Meng Z, Yu W, Müller AM. Advanced electrocatalytic redox processes for environmental remediation of halogenated organic water pollutants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11895-11922. [PMID: 37740361 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds are widespread, and decades of heavy use have resulted in global bioaccumulation and contamination of the environment, including water sources. Here, we introduce the most common halogenated organic water pollutants, their classification by type of halogen (fluorine, chlorine, or bromine), important policies and regulations, main applications, and environmental and human health risks. Remediation techniques are outlined with particular emphasis on carbon-halogen bond strengths. Aqueous advanced redox processes are discussed, highlighting mechanistic details, including electrochemical oxidations and reductions of the water-oxygen system, and thermodynamic potentials, protonation states, and lifetimes of radicals and reactive oxygen species in aqueous electrolytes at different pH conditions. The state of the art of aqueous advanced redox processes for brominated, chlorinated, and fluorinated organic compounds is presented, along with reported mechanisms for aqueous destruction of select PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). Future research directions for aqueous electrocatalytic destruction of organohalogens are identified, emphasizing the crucial need for developing a quantitative mechanistic understanding of degradation pathways, the improvement of analytical detection methods for organohalogens and transient species during advanced redox processes, and the development of new catalysts and processes that are globally scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine K Wilsey
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Teona Taseska
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Ziyi Meng
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Wanqing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Astrid M Müller
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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41
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Xue Y, Jia Y, Liu S, Yuan S, Ma R, Ma Q, Fan J, Zhang WX. Electrochemical reduction of wastewater by non-noble metal cathodes: From terminal purification to upcycling recovery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132106. [PMID: 37506648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A shift beyond conventional environmental remediation to a sustainable pollutant upgrading conversion is extremely desirable due to the rising demand for resources and widespread chemical contamination. Electrochemical reduction processes (ERPs) have drawn considerable attention in recent years in the fields of oxyanion reduction, metal recovery, detoxification and high-value conversion of halogenated organics and benzenes. ERPs also have the potential to address the inherent limitations of conventional chemical reduction technologies in terms of hydrogen and noble metal requirements. Fundamentally, mechanisms of ERPs can be categorized into three main pathways: direct electron transfer, atomic hydrogen mediation, and electrode redox pairs. Furthermore, this review consolidates state-of-the-art non-noble metal cathodes and their performance comparable to noble metals (e.g., Pd, Pt) in electrochemical reduction of inorganic/organic pollutants. To overview the research trends of ERPs, we innovatively sort out the relationship between the electrochemical reduction rate, the charge of the pollutant, and the number of electron transfers based on the statistical analysis. And we propose potential countermeasures of pulsed electrocatalysis and flow mode enhancement for the bottlenecks in electron injection and mass transfer for electronegative pollutant reduction. We conclude by discussing the gaps in the scientific and engineering level of ERPs, and envisage that ERPs can be a low-carbon pathway for industrial wastewater detoxification and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shiyin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Raner Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jianwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Wei-Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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42
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Simon S, Suresh BK, Anantha-Singh TS. A sequential aerated electrocoagulation and peroxicoagulation process for the treatment of municipal stabilized landfill leachate by iron and graphite electrodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139692. [PMID: 37543228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical treatment has emerged as a viable technology for the treatment of leachate due to its efficient removal of ammonaical nitrogen and other recalcitrant organics. The main technical issues that prevent its practical deployment are restricted performance of a single electrochemical process and the lengthy tertiary treatment time required to achieve the disposal quality standards. This study demonstrates the performance of electrochemical treatments such as peroxicoagulation (PC) and aerated electrocoagulation (A-EC) separately and also sequentially for the treatment of stabilized leachate. In aerated electro coagulation iron is used as both anode and cathode, whereas in peroxicoagulation, iron is used as anode and graphite as cathode. The area of electrode used for treatments was fixed as 12.5 cm2. The initial concentration of NH4-N, TN, COD, and TOC of the leachate was found to be 480 mg/L, 997 mg/L, 40,200 mg/L, and 9850 mg/L respectively. Removal efficiency of aerated electrocoagulation for NH4-N, TN, COD and TOC were 25.6%, 23.67%, 25.6% and 28.7% respectively, current density of 30 mAcm-2, electrolysis time of 60 min and pH 7.3. Meanwhile for peroxicoagulation, the removal efficiency was found to be 37.2%, 43%, 37.3%, and 45.6% for NH4-N, TN, COD, and TOC respectively, at an current density of 30 mAcm-2, electrolysis time of 120 min and a pH of 3. The sequential aerated electrocoagulation - peroxicoagulation process achieves a maximum removal efficiency of 63%, 68%, 78%, and 75% for NH4-N, total nitrogen, COD, and TOC respectively for a reaction time of 180 min. Removal of NH4-N, total nitrogen, COD and TOC from stabilized landfill leachate with a BOD/COD ratio less than 0.1 was very much effective with the sequential aerated electrocoagulation - peroxicoagulaton treatment. The results also indicate that for the treatment of leachate, a significant synergistic index of 1.22 exists between aerated electrocoagulation and peroxicoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saji Simon
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India.
| | - Bibin K Suresh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India.
| | - T S Anantha-Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India.
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43
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Nidheesh PV, Murshid A, Chanikya P. Combination of electrochemically activated persulfate process and electro-coagulation for the treatment of municipal landfill leachate with low biodegradability. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139449. [PMID: 37437613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
To handle complex wastewater with limited biodegradability, hybrid treatment systems are necessary. The current study represents the combined effectiveness of sulfate-radical associated electro-chemical advanced oxidation process (SR-EAOP) and electro-coagulation (EC) for the treatment of stabilized landfill leachate. For SR-EAOP, Pt/Ti was employed as the anode and an iron plate as the cathode; while EC treatment was performed by switching the polarity. Hence, both electrochemical treatment was carried out in single reactor. Initially, the effects of pH, applied voltage, persulfate and Fe2+ dosage, on the performance of SR-EAOP was examined. Sulfate radical was generated in the electrolytic system via cathodic reduction of persulfate (PS) and ferrous (Fe2+) ion activation. Auxiliary processes such as anodic oxidation via Pt/Ti anode and indirect electro-chemical oxidation were also contributed for pollutant degradation. Combined process SR-EAOP followed by EC (SR-EAOP + EC) has better leachate treatment efficacy in comparison with EC + SR-EAOPs. The SR-EAOP + EC based combined treatment mechanism achieved an efficient COD reduction of 88.67% than that of EC + SR - EAOP process (74.51% COD reduction). Characterization studies have been carried out for post-treated dried-sludge using Field Emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. The combined process treatment (SR-EAOP + EC) can be applied as pre-treatment for leachate decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - A Murshid
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India; Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Kochi, 682013, India
| | - P Chanikya
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India
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44
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Li H, Zeng Q, Zan F, Lin S, Hao T. In situ coagulation-electrochemical oxidation of leachate concentrate: A key role of cathodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 16:100267. [PMID: 37065009 PMCID: PMC10091031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To efficiently remove organic and inorganic pollutants from leachate concentrate, an in situ coagulation-electrochemical oxidation (CO-EO) system was proposed using Ti/Ti4O7 anode and Al cathode, coupling the "super-Faradaic" dissolution of Al. The system was evaluated in terms of the removal efficiencies of organics, nutrients, and metals, and the underlying cathodic mechanisms were investigated compared with the Ti/RuO2-IrO2 and graphite cathode systems. After a 3-h treatment, the Al-cathode system removed 89.0% of COD and 36.3% of total nitrogen (TN). The TN removal was primarily ascribed to the oxidation of both ammonia and organic-N to N2. In comparison, the Al-cathode system achieved 3-10-fold total phosphorus (TP) (62.6%) and metal removals (>80%) than Ti/RuO2-IrO2 and graphite systems. The increased removals of TP and metals were ascribed to the in situ coagulation of Al(OH)3, hydroxide precipitation, and electrodeposition. With the reduced scaling on the Al cathode surface, the formation of Al3+ and electrified Al(OH)3 lessened the requirement for cathode cleaning and increased the bulk conductivity, resulting in increased instantaneous current production (38.9%) and operating cost efficiencies (48.3 kWh kgCOD -1). The present study indicated that the in situ CO-EO process could be potentially used for treating persistent wastewater containing high levels of organic and inorganic ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Low-Carbon Water Environment Technology Center (HUST-SUKE), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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45
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García-Espinoza JD, Treviño-Reséndez J, Robles I, Acosta-Santoyo G, Godínez LA. A review of electro-Fenton and ultrasound processes: towards a novel integrated technology for wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29877-9. [PMID: 37737947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the presence of persistent dissolved pollutants in water has received increasing attention due to their toxic effects on living organisms. Considering the limitations of conventional wastewater treatment processes for the degradation of these compounds, advanced oxidation processes such as electro-Fenton and sono-chemical process, as well as their combination, appear as potentially effective options for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with bio-recalcitrant pollutants. In view of the importance of the development of processes using real effluents, this review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective of sono-electro-Fenton-related processes applied for real wastewater treatment. In the first section, the fundamentals and effectiveness of both homogeneous and heterogeneous electro-Fenton approaches for the treatment of real wastewater are presented. While the second part of this work describes the fundamentals of ultrasound-based processes, the last section focuses on the coupling of the two methods for real wastewater treatment and on the effect of the main operational parameters of the process. On the basis of the information presented, it is suggested that sono-electro-Fenton processes substantially increase the efficiency of the treatment as well as the biodegradability of the treated wastewater. The combined effect results from mass transfer improvement, electrode cleaning and activation, water electrolysis, and the electro-Fenton-induced production of hydroxyl radicals. The information presented in this work is expected to be useful for closing the gap between laboratory-scale assays and the development of novel wastewater technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué D García-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - José Treviño-Reséndez
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Irma Robles
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila SN, Pedro Escobedo, 76703, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Acosta-Santoyo
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis A Godínez
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
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46
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Sun Y, Lu D, Zhang H, Liu G, Hu Y, Xie H, Ma J. Titanium Oxide Electrocatalytic Membrane Filtration: "Two Faces" of Oxygen Vacancies in Generation and Transformation of Reactive Oxygen Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13226-13235. [PMID: 37602728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancies are crucial to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the metal oxide electrocatalytic membrane (MOx EM) process. Here, using cathodic TiOx EM as a model, we thoroughly reveal the roles of oxygen vacancies in ROS generation and transformation. Oxygen vacancies significantly promote H2O2 and •OH production at low concentrations (increment <35%) but inhibit their production at high concentrations (increment >35%). Electrochemical analysis discloses that the enhancement of ROS production profits from the acceleration of charge transfer kinetics by both bulk and surface oxygen vacancies, whereas we attribute the decline in ROS production to the strong adsorption of ROS by surface oxygen vacancies. It is strongly supported by theoretical calculations that reveal the promoted adsorption of *OOH and *OH by oxygen vacancies, which intensifies the capture and scavenging of H2O2 and •OH. Moreover, the gradual increase of interaction time between ROS and oxygen vacancies (from ∼1 to ∼5 s) notably reduces the generation and transformation efficiency of ROS, further highlighting the detrimental impact of oxygen vacancies. In summary, oxygen vacancies show "two faces" toward ROS generation and transformation, acting as ROS promoters at low concentrations but inhibitors at high concentrations. A medium oxygen vacancy concentration is preferred for ROS production, thus causing impressive pollutant removal (>95% removal of bisphenol A within 1.2-1.5 s at 360-440 LMH). This study provides guidance on regulating ROS generation and transformation by manipulating the oxygen vacancy concentration to enhance the decontamination efficiency of MOx EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinkun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
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47
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Yang S, Wang J, Chai Z, Guo H. Insights into the carbon nanotubes-mediated activation of permanganate for decontamination under high salinity. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 336:139153. [PMID: 37290516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radical-based advanced oxidation process (AOPs) has attracted great interests in wastewater treatment field. However, by the traditional radical-based method, the degradation of organic pollution is greatly suppressed when radicals react with the co-existing anions in the solution. Herein, an efficient method for degrading of contaminant under high salinity conditions is discussed through a non-radical pathway. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was employed as an electron transfer medium to facilitate the electron conversion from contaminants to potassium permanganate (PM). Based the results of quenching experiments, probe experiments, and galvanic oxidation process experiments, the degradation mechanism of CNTs/PM process was demonstrated to be electron transfer, rather than reactive intermediate Mn species. As a result, typical influencing factors including salt concentration, cations, and humic acid have less of an impact on degradation during CNTs/PM processes. In addition, the CNTs/PM system exhibits superior reusability and universality of pollutants, which has the potential to be applied as a non-radical pathway for the purification of contaminant in the large-scale high salinity wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jingquan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhizhuo Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hongguang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644000, China.
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48
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Zhang Y, Gu L, Zhang Y, Yang J, Li Q, Yu S, Li C, Wei K. Energy-efficient reuse of bio-treated textile wastewater by a porous-structure electrochemical PbO2 filter: Performance and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116254. [PMID: 37245572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel porous-structure electrochemical PbO2 filter (PEF-PbO2) was developed to achieve the reuse of bio-treated textile wastewater. The characterization of PEF-PbO2 confirmed that its coating has a variable pore size that increases with depth from the substrate, and the pores with a size of 5 μm account for the largest proportion. The study on the role of this unique structure illustrated that PEF-PbO2 possesses a larger electroactive area (4.09 times) than the conventional electrochemical PbO2 filter (EF-PbO2) and enhanced mass transfer (1.39 times) in flow mode. The investigation of operating parameters with a special discussion of electric energy consumption suggested that the optimal conditions were a current density of 3 mA cm-2, Na2SO4 concentration of 10 g L-1 and pH value of 3, which resulted in 99.07% and 53.3% removal of Rhodamine B and TOC, respectively, together with an MCETOC of 24.6%. A stable removal of 65.9% COD and 99.5% Rhodamine B with a low electric energy consumption of 5.19 kWh kg-1 COD under long-term reuse of bio-treated textile wastewater indicated that PEF-PbO2 was durable and energy-efficient in practical applications. Mechanism study by simulation calculation illustrated that the part of the pore of the PEF-PbO2's coating with small size (5 μm) plays an important role in this excellent performance which provides the advantage of rich ·OH concentration, short pollutant diffusion distance and high contact possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Liankai Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Shuyan Yu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Congju Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kajia Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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49
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Elewa MM, El Batouti M, Al-Harby NF. A Comparison of Capacitive Deionization and Membrane Capacitive Deionization Using Novel Fabricated Ion Exchange Membranes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4872. [PMID: 37445186 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Another technique for desalination, known as membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI), has been investigated as an alternative. This approach has the potential to lower the voltage that is required, in addition to improving the ability to renew the electrodes. In this study, the desalination effectiveness of capacitive deionization (CDI) was compared to that of MCDI, employing newly produced cellulose acetate ion exchange membranes (IEMs), which were utilized for the very first time in MCDI. As expected, the salt adsorption and charge efficiency of MCDI were shown to be higher than those of CDI. Despite this, the unique electrosorption behavior of the former reveals that ion transport via the IEMs is a crucial rate-controlling step in the desalination process. We monitored the concentration of salt in the CDI and MCDI effluent streams, but we also evaluated the pH of the effluent stream in each of these systems and investigated the factors that may have caused these shifts. The significant change in pH that takes place during one adsorption and desorption cycle in CDI (pH range: 2.3-11.6) may cause problems in feed water that already contains components that are prone to scaling. In the case of MCDI, the fall in pH was only slightly more noticeable. Based on these findings, it appears that CDI and MCDI are promising new desalination techniques that has the potential to be more ecologically friendly and efficient than conventional methods of desalination. MCDI has some advantages over CDI in its higher salt removal efficiency, faster regeneration, and longer lifetime, but it is also more expensive and complex. The best choice for a particular application will depend on the specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elewa
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria P.O. Box 1029, Egypt
| | - Mervette El Batouti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Nouf F Al-Harby
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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50
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Qi B, Chen T, Zhang T, Jiang R, Zhang W, Li X. A novel continuous all-weather photo-electric synergistic treatment system for refractory organic compounds and its application in degrading enrofloxacin. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138632. [PMID: 37030350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel continuous all-weather photo-electric synergistic treatment system was proposed in this study for refractory organic compounds, which overcame the defects of conventional photo-catalytic treatments that rely on light irradiation and thus cannot achieve all-weather continuous treatment. The system used a new photocatalyst (MoS2/WO3/carbon felt) with the characteristics of easy recovery and fast charge transfer. The system was systematically tested in degrading enrofloxacin (EFA) under real environmental conditions in terms of treatment performance, pathways and mechanisms. The results showed that the EFA removal of photo-electric synergy substantially increased by 1.28 and 6.78 times, compared to photocatalysis and electrooxidation, respectively, with an average removal of 50.9% under the treatment load of 832.48 mg m-2 d-1. Possible treatment pathways of EFA and mechanism of the system were found to be mainly the loss of piperazine groups, the cleavage of the quinolone portion and the promotion of electron transfer by bias voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qi
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Tongfei Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ruixue Jiang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xiaochen Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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