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Wang Y, Zhang Q, Kan M, Chang F, He X, Cheng N, Huang K. Multi-omics analysis of Au@Pt nanozyme for the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:524. [PMID: 39217399 PMCID: PMC11365142 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Au@Pt nanozyme, a bimetallic core-shell structure Au and Pt nanoparticle, has attracted significant attention due to its excellent catalytic activity and stability. Here, we propose that Au@Pt improves glucose tolerance and reduces TG after four weeks administration. The transcriptomic analysis of mouse liver tissues treated with Au@Pt nanozyme showed changes in genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism signaling pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, PPAR signaling, and insulin signaling. Moreover, analysis of fecal samples from mice treated with Au@Pt nanozyme showed significant changes in the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota such as Dubosiella, Parvibacter, Enterorhabdus, Monoglobus, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-008, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group. Combined multi-omics correlation analyses revealed that the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by Au@Pt was strongly correlated with changes in hepatic gene expression profiles as well as changes in gut microbial profiles. Overall, our integrated multi-omics analysis demonstrated that Au@Pt nanozyme could modulate glucose and lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of key genes in the liver and altering the composition of gut microbiota, providing new insights into the potential applications of Au@Pt nanozyme in the treatment of metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Minrui Kan
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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Armio RL, Laurikainen H, Ilonen T, Walta M, Sormunen E, Tolvanen A, Salokangas RKR, Koutsouleris N, Tuominen L, Hietala J. Longitudinal study on hippocampal subfields and glucose metabolism in early psychosis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:66. [PMID: 39085221 PMCID: PMC11291638 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Altered hippocampal morphology and metabolic pathology, but also hippocampal circuit dysfunction, are established phenomena seen in psychotic disorders. Thus, we tested whether hippocampal subfield volume deficits link with deviations in glucose metabolism commonly seen in early psychosis, and whether the glucose parameters or subfield volumes change during follow-up period using one-year longitudinal study design of 78 first-episode psychosis patients (FEP), 48 clinical high-risk patients (CHR) and 83 controls (CTR). We also tested whether hippocampal morphology and glucose metabolism relate to clinical outcome. Hippocampus subfields were segmented with Freesurfer from 3T MRI images and parameters of glucose metabolism were determined in fasting plasma samples. Hippocampal subfield volumes were consistently lower in FEPs, and findings were more robust in non-affective psychoses, with strongest decreases in CA1, molecular layer and hippocampal tail, and in hippocampal tail of CHRs, compared to CTRs. These morphometric differences remained stable at one-year follow-up. Both non-diabetic CHRs and FEPs had worse glucose parameters compared to CTRs at baseline. We found that, insulin levels and insulin resistance increased during the follow-up period only in CHR, effect being largest in the CHRs converting to psychosis, independent of exposure to antipsychotics. The worsening of insulin resistance was associated with deterioration of function and symptoms in CHR. The smaller volume of hippocampal tail was associated with higher plasma insulin and insulin resistance in FEPs, at the one-year follow-up. Our longitudinal study supports the view that temporospatial hippocampal subfield volume deficits are stable near the onset of first psychosis, being more robust in non-affective psychoses, but less prominent in the CHR group. Specific subfield defects were related to worsening glucose metabolism during the progression of psychosis, suggesting that hippocampus is part of the circuits regulating aberrant glucose metabolism in early psychosis. Worsening of glucose metabolism in CHR group was associated with worse clinical outcome measures indicating a need for heightened clinical attention to metabolic problems already in CHR.
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Grants
- Turun Yliopistollisen Keskussairaalan Koulutus- ja Tutkimussäätiö (TYKS-säätiö)
- Alfred Kordelinin Säätiö (Alfred Kordelin Foundation)
- Finnish Cultural Foundation | Varsinais-Suomen Rahasto (Varsinais-Suomi Regional Fund)
- Suomalainen Lääkäriseura Duodecim (Finnish Medical Society Duodecim)
- Turun Yliopisto (University of Turku)
- This work was supported by funding for the VAMI-project (Turku University Hospital, state research funding, no. P3848), partly supported by EU FP7 grants (PRONIA, grant a # 602152 and METSY grant #602478). Dr. Armio received personal funding from Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research at the University of Turku, grants from State Research Funding, Turunmaa Duodecim Society, Finnish Psychiatry Research Foundation, Finnish University Society of Turku (Valto Takala Foundation), Tyks-foundation, The Finnish Medical Foundation (Maija and Matti Vaskio fund), University of Turku, The Alfred Kordelin Foundation, Finnish Cultural Foundation (Terttu Enckell fund and Ritva Helminen fund) and The Alfred Kordelin foundation. Further, Dr. Tuominen received personal grant from Sigrid Juselius and Orion research foundation and NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation.
- This work was supported by funding for the VAMI-project (Turku University Hospital, state research funding, no. P3848), partly supported by EU FP7 grants (PRONIA, grant a # 602152 and METSY grant #602478). Dr. Tuominen received personal grant from Sigrid Juselius and Orion research foundation and NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta-Liina Armio
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Heikki Laurikainen
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Ilonen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Walta
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Sormunen
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Arvi Tolvanen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
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3
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Deng X, Peng D, Yao Y, Huang K, Wang J, Ma Z, Fu J, Xu Y. Optogenetic therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13557. [PMID: 38751366 PMCID: PMC11096815 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease affecting humans globally. It is characterized by abnormally elevated blood glucose levels due to the failure of insulin production or reduction of insulin sensitivity and functionality. Insulin and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 replenishment or improvement of insulin resistance are the two major strategies to treat diabetes. Recently, optogenetics that uses genetically encoded light-sensitive proteins to precisely control cell functions has been regarded as a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes. Here, we summarize the latest development of optogenetics and its integration with synthetic biology approaches to produce light-responsive cells for insulin/GLP-1 production, amelioration of insulin resistance and neuromodulation of insulin secretion. In addition, we introduce the development of cell encapsulation and delivery methods and smart bioelectronic devices for the in vivo application of optogenetics-based cell therapy in diabetes. The remaining challenges for optogenetics-based cell therapy in the clinical translational study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational ResearchZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dandan Peng
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Yuanfa Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational ResearchZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Zhihao Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational ResearchZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of EndocrinologyChildren's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational ResearchZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Hahn MK, Giacca A, Pereira S. In vivo techniques for assessment of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. J Endocrinol 2024; 260:e230308. [PMID: 38198372 PMCID: PMC10895285 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic tests are vital to determine in vivo insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in preclinical models, usually rodents. Such tests include glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and glucose clamps. Although these tests are not standardized, there are general guidelines for their completion and analysis that are constantly being refined. In this review, we describe metabolic tests in rodents as well as factors to consider when designing and performing these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K Hahn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Liu C, Hu J, Yang W, Shi J, Chen Y, Fan X, Gao W, Cheng L, Luo QY, Zhang M. Carbon dot enhanced peroxidase-like activity of platinum nanozymes. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4637-4646. [PMID: 38314787 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04964g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most intriguing nanozymes, the platinum (Pt) nanozyme has attracted tremendous research interest due to its various catalytic activities but its application is still limited by its poor colloidal stability and low affinity to substrates. Here, we design a highly stable Pt@carbon dot (Pt@CD) hybrid nanozyme with enhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity (specific activity of 1877 U mg-1). The Pt@CDs catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals and exhibit high affinity to H2O2 and high specificity to 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-benzidine. We reveal that both the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of CDs could coordinate with Pt2+ and then regulate the charge state of the Pt nanozyme, facilitating the formation of Pt@CDs and improving the POD-like activity of Pt@CDs. Colorimetric detection assays based on Pt@CDs for H2O2, dopamine, and glucose with a satisfactory detection performance are achieved. Moreover, the Pt@CDs show a H2O2-involving antibacterial effect by destroying the cell membrane. Our findings provide new opportunities for designing hybrid nanozymes with desirable stability and catalytic performance by using CDs as nucleating templates and stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Shi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China.
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China.
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China.
| | - Qing-Ying Luo
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China.
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Juras JA, Pitra S, Smith BN. Systemic Glucose Regulation by a Hindbrain Inhibitory Circuit in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. Neuroendocrinology 2024; 114:302-312. [PMID: 38194945 DOI: 10.1159/000536142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous work showed that increasing the electrical activity of inhibitory neurons in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) is sufficient to increase whole-body glucose concentration in normoglycemic mice. Here we tested the hypothesis that deactivating GABAergic neurons in the dorsal hindbrain of hyperglycemic mice decreases synaptic inhibition of parasympathetic motor neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and reduces systemic glucose levels. METHODS Chemogenetic activation or inactivation of GABAergic neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) was used to assess effects of modulating parasympathetic output on blood glucose concentration in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic mice. Patch-clamp electrophysiology in vitro was used to assess cellular effects of chemogenetic manipulation of NTS GABA neurons. RESULTS Chemogenetic activation of GABAergic NTS neurons in normoglycemic mice increased their action potential firing, resulting in increased inhibitory synaptic input to DMV motor neurons and elevated blood glucose concentration. Deactivation of GABAergic DVC neurons in normoglycemic mice altered their electrical activity but did not alter systemic glucose levels. Conversely, stimulation of GABAergic DVC neurons in mice that were hyperglycemic subsequent to treatment with streptozotocin changed their electrical activity but did not alter whole-body glucose concentration, while deactivation of this inhibitory circuit significantly decreased circulating glucose concentration. Peripheral administration of a brain impermeant muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist abolished these effects. CONCLUSION Disinhibiting vagal motor neurons decreases hyperglycemia in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. This inhibitory brainstem circuit emerges as a key parasympathetic regulator of whole-body glucose homeostasis that undergoes functional plasticity in hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Anna Juras
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Soledad Pitra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bret N Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Zhu H, Guan A, Liu J, Peng L, Zhang Z, Wang S. Noteworthy perspectives on microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:223. [PMID: 37794488 PMCID: PMC10548593 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are so versatile that they not only provide immune surveillance for central nervous system, but participate in neural circuitry development, brain blood vessels formation, blood-brain barrier architecture, and intriguingly, the regulation of emotions and behaviors. Microglia have a profound impact on neuronal survival, brain wiring and synaptic plasticity. As professional phagocytic cells in the brain, they remove dead cell debris and neurotoxic agents via an elaborate mechanism. The functional profile of microglia varies considerately depending on age, gender, disease context and other internal or external environmental factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders, including negative affection, social deficit, compulsive behavior, fear memory, pain and other symptoms associated with major depression disorder, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. In this review, we summarized the latest discoveries regarding microglial ontogeny, cell subtypes or state spectrum, biological functions and mechanistic underpinnings of emotional and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of microglia-targeted therapies of neuropsychiatric disorders, and propose outstanding questions to be addressed in future research of human microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Ao Guan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Kabra UD, Jastroch M. Mitochondrial Dynamics and Insulin Secretion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13782. [PMID: 37762083 PMCID: PMC10530730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. For mitochondrial quality control, dynamic processes, such as mitochondrial fission and fusion, are necessary to maintain shape and function. Disturbances of mitochondrial dynamics lead to dysfunctional mitochondria, which contribute to the development and progression of numerous diseases, including Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Compelling evidence has been put forward that mitochondrial dynamics play a significant role in the metabolism-secretion coupling of pancreatic β cells. The disruption of mitochondrial dynamics is linked to defects in energy production and increased apoptosis, ultimately impairing insulin secretion and β cell death. This review provides an overview of molecular mechanisms controlling mitochondrial dynamics, their dysfunction in pancreatic β cells, and pharmaceutical agents targeting mitochondrial dynamic proteins, such as mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (mdivi-1), dynasore, P110, and 15-oxospiramilactone (S3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma D. Kabra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India;
| | - Martin Jastroch
- The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Culberson JW, Kopel J, Sehar U, Reddy PH. Urgent needs of caregiving in ageing populations with Alzheimer's disease and other chronic conditions: Support our loved ones. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102001. [PMID: 37414157 PMCID: PMC10756323 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The ageing process begins at birth. It is a life-long process, and its exact origins are still unknown. Several hypotheses attempt to describe the normal ageing process, including hormonal imbalance, formation of reactive oxygen species, DNA methylation & DNA damage accumulation, loss of proteostasis, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, senescence, inflammation, and stem cell depletion. With increased lifespan in elderly individuals, the prevalence of age-related diseases including, cancer, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, Alzheimer's, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, Parkinson's, and other mental illnesses are increased. These increased age-related illnesses, put tremendous pressure & burden on caregivers, family members, and friends who are living with patients with age-related diseases. As medical needs evolve, the caregiver is expected to experience an increase in duties and challenges, which may result in stress on themselves, and impact their own family life. In the current article, we assess the biological mechanisms of ageing and its effect on body systems, exploring lifestyle and ageing, with a specific focus on age-related disorders. We also discussed the history of caregiving and specific challenges faced by caregivers in the presence of multiple comorbidities. We also assessed innovative approaches to funding caregiving, and efforts to improve the medical system to better organize chronic care efforts, while improving the skill and efficiency of both informal and formal caregivers. We also discussed the role of caregiving in end-of-life care. Our critical analysis strongly suggests that there is an urgent need for caregiving in aged populations and support from local, state, and federal agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Culberson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Kopel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Kuehner JN, Walia NR, Seong R, Li Y, Martinez-Feduchi P, Yao B. Social defeat stress induces genome-wide 5mC and 5hmC alterations in the mouse brain. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad114. [PMID: 37228107 PMCID: PMC10411578 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stress is adverse experience that require constant adaptation to reduce the emotional and physiological burden, or "allostatic load", of an individual. Despite their everyday occurrence, a subpopulation of individuals is more susceptible to stressors, while others remain resilient with unknown molecular signatures. In this study, we investigated the contribution of the DNA modifications, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), underlying the individual differences in stress susceptibility and resilience. Genome-wide 5mC and 5hmC profiles from 3- and 6-month adult male mice that underwent various durations of social defeat were generated. In 3-month animals, 5mC and 5hmC work in parallel and do not distinguish between stress-susceptible and resilient phenotypes, while in 6-month animals, 5mC and 5hmC show distinct enrichment patterns. Acute stress responses may epigenetically "prime" the animals to either increase or decrease their predisposition to depression susceptibility. In support of this, re-exposure studies reveal that the enduring effects of social defeat affect differential biological processes between susceptible and resilient animals. Finally, the stress-induced 5mC and 5hmC fluctuations across the acute-chronic-longitudinal time course demonstrate that the negative outcomes of chronic stress do not discriminate between susceptible and resilient animals. However, resilience is more associated with neuroprotective processes while susceptibility is linked to neurodegenerative processes. Furthermore, 5mC appears to be responsible for acute stress response, whereas 5hmC may function as a persistent and stable modification in response to stress. Our study broadens the scope of previous research offering a comprehensive analysis of the role of DNA modifications in stress-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janise N Kuehner
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nevin R Walia
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rachel Seong
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yangping Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Paula Martinez-Feduchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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11
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Yang C, Wei M, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Song M, Mi J, Yang X, Tian G. Regulation of insulin secretion by the post-translational modifications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1217189. [PMID: 37601108 PMCID: PMC10436566 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1217189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) has a significant impact on cellular signaling and function regulation. In pancreatic β cells, PTMs are involved in insulin secretion, cell development, and viability. The dysregulation of PTM in β cells is clinically associated with the development of diabetes mellitus. Here, we summarized current findings on major PTMs occurring in β cells and their roles in insulin secretion. Our work provides comprehensive insight into understanding the mechanisms of insulin secretion and potential therapeutic targets for diabetes from the perspective of protein PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mengna Wei
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yanpu Zhao
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanyi Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Geng Tian
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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12
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Zammit NW, Wong YY, Walters SN, Warren J, Barry SC, Grey ST. RELA governs a network of islet-specific metabolic genes necessary for beta cell function. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1516-1531. [PMID: 37311878 PMCID: PMC10317895 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS NF-κB activation unites metabolic and inflammatory responses in many diseases yet less is known about the role that NF-κB plays in normal metabolism. In this study we investigated how RELA impacts the beta cell transcriptional landscape and provides network control over glucoregulation. METHODS We generated novel mouse lines harbouring beta cell-specific deletion of either the Rela gene, encoding the canonical NF-κB transcription factor p65 (βp65KO mice), or the Ikbkg gene, encoding the NF-κB essential modulator NEMO (βNEMOKO mice), as well as βA20Tg mice that carry beta cell-specific and forced transgenic expression of the NF-κB-negative regulator gene Tnfaip3, which encodes the A20 protein. Mouse studies were complemented by bioinformatics analysis of human islet chromatin accessibility (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing [ATAC-seq]), promoter capture Hi-C (pcHi-C) and p65 binding (chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing [ChIP-seq]) data to investigate genome-wide control of the human beta cell metabolic programme. RESULTS Rela deficiency resulted in complete loss of stimulus-dependent inflammatory gene upregulation, consistent with its known role in governing inflammation. However, Rela deletion also rendered mice glucose intolerant because of functional loss of insulin secretion. Glucose intolerance was intrinsic to beta cells as βp65KO islets failed to secrete insulin ex vivo in response to a glucose challenge and were unable to restore metabolic control when transplanted into secondary chemical-induced hyperglycaemic recipients. Maintenance of glucose tolerance required Rela but was independent of classical NF-κB inflammatory cascades, as blocking NF-κB signalling in vivo by beta cell knockout of Ikbkg (NEMO), or beta cell overexpression of Tnfaip3 (A20), did not cause severe glucose intolerance. Thus, basal p65 activity has an essential and islet-intrinsic role in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis. Genome-wide bioinformatic mapping revealed the presence of p65 binding sites in the promoter regions of specific metabolic genes and in the majority of islet enhancer hubs (~70% of ~1300 hubs), which are responsible for shaping beta cell type-specific gene expression programmes. Indeed, the islet-specific metabolic genes Slc2a2, Capn9 and Pfkm identified within the large network of islet enhancer hub genes showed dysregulated expression in βp65KO islets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data demonstrate an unappreciated role for RELA as a regulator of islet-specific transcriptional programmes necessary for the maintenance of healthy glucose metabolism. These findings have clinical implications for the use of anti-inflammatories, which influence NF-κB activation and are associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Zammit
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Translation Science Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Ying Wong
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stacey N Walters
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Translation Science Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna Warren
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Translation Science Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- Translation Science Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Chen Z, Liu XA, Kenny PJ. Central and peripheral actions of nicotine that influence blood glucose homeostasis and the development of diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106860. [PMID: 37482325 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has long been recognized as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), although the precise causal mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that nicotine, the primary reinforcing component in tobacco, may play a pivotal role in connecting cigarette smoking and T2D. Extensive research conducted in both humans and animals has demonstrated that nicotine can elevate blood glucose levels, disrupt glucose homeostasis, and induce insulin resistance. The review aims to elucidate the genetic variants of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors associated with diabetes risk and provide a comprehensive overview of the available data on the mechanisms through which nicotine influences blood glucose homeostasis and the development of diabetes. Here we emphasize the central and peripheral actions of nicotine on the release of glucoregulatory hormones, as well as its effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Notably, the central actions of nicotine within the brain, which encompass both insulin-dependent and independent mechanisms, are highlighted as potential targets for intervention strategies in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxin Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-An Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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14
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Deem JD, Phan BA, Ogimoto K, Cheng A, Bryan CL, Scarlett JM, Schwartz MW, Morton GJ. Warm Responsive Neurons in the Hypothalamic Preoptic Area are Potent Regulators of Glucose Homeostasis in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad074. [PMID: 37279930 PMCID: PMC10653198 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
When mammals are exposed to a warm environment, overheating is prevented by activation of "warm-responsive" neurons (WRNs) in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) that reduce thermogenesis while promoting heat dissipation. Heat exposure also impairs glucose tolerance, but whether this also results from activation of POA WRNs is unknown. To address this question, we sought in the current work to determine if glucose intolerance induced by heat exposure can be attributed to activation of a specific subset of WRNs that express pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (ie, POAPacap neurons). We report that when mice are exposed to an ambient temperature sufficiently warm to activate POAPacap neurons, the expected reduction of energy expenditure is associated with glucose intolerance, and that these responses are recapitulated by chemogenetic POAPacap neuron activation. Because heat-induced glucose intolerance was not blocked by chemogenetic inhibition of POAPacap neurons, we conclude that POAPacap neuron activation is sufficient, but not required, to explain the impairment of glucose tolerance elicited by heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Deem
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bao Anh Phan
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kayoko Ogimoto
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alice Cheng
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Caeley L Bryan
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98145, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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15
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Wei J, Wang Z, Han T, Chen J, Ou Y, Wei L, Zhu X, Wang K, Yan Z, Han YP, Zheng X. Extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islet in health and diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1170237. [PMID: 37305058 PMCID: PMC10248434 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1170237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic metabolic disease with high mortality and morbidity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel class of signaling molecules, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islets plays a crucial role in the regulation of insulin secretion of β-cells and insulin action in peripheral insulin target tissues, maintaining glucose homeostasis under physiological conditions, and it's also involved in pathological changes including autoimmune response, insulin resistance and β-cell failure associated with DM. In addition, EVs may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic agents that respectively reflect the status and improve function and viability of pancreatic islets. In this review, we provide an overview of EVs, discuss EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islet under physiological and diabetic conditions, and summarize the emerging applications of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of DM. A better understanding of EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan communication of pancreatic islets will broaden and enrich our knowledge of physiological homeostasis maintenance as well as the development, diagnosis and treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlun Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tingrui Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaoting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Ou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Guo H, Wu H, Li Z. The Pathogenesis of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086978. [PMID: 37108143 PMCID: PMC10139109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder, with an extremely serious effect on health systems worldwide. It has become a severe, chronic, non-communicable disease after cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Currently, 90% of diabetic patients suffer from type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia is the main hallmark of diabetes. The function of pancreatic cells gradually declines before the onset of clinical hyperglycemia. Understanding the molecular processes involved in the development of diabetes can provide clinical care with much-needed updates. This review provides the current global state of diabetes, the mechanisms involved in glucose homeostasis and diabetic insulin resistance, and the long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Guo
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Haili Wu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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17
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Yin Y, Zeng H, Zhang S, Gao N, Liu R, Cheng S, Zhang M. Hydrogel-Coated Microelectrode Resists Protein Passivation of In Vivo Amperometric Sensors. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3390-3397. [PMID: 36725686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Passivation of electrodes caused by nonspecific adsorption of protein can dramatically reduce sensing sensitivity and accuracy, which is a great challenge for in vivo neurochemical monitoring. However, most antipassivation strategies are not suitable to carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) for in vivo measurement, and these methods also do not work on electrochemical biosensors that fix biometric elements. In this study, we demonstrate that chitosan hydrogel-coated microelectrodes can avoid the current passivation caused by protein adsorption on the surface of carbon fiber because the chitosan hydrogel prepared by local pH gradient caused by hydrogen evolution reaction has three-dimensional networks containing large amounts of water. The highly hydrophilic three-dimensional structure of hydrogel not only forms a biocompatible interface to confine enzymes but also keeps the fast mass transfer of analytes, such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, and glucose. The consistency of the precalibration and postcalibration of the prepared sensor enables in vivo amperometric detection of both electroactive species based on their redox property and electroinactive species based on the enzyme. This study provides a simple and versatile strategy to constitute an amperometric sensor interface to resist passivation of protein adsorption in a complex biological environment such as the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyue Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Rantong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shuwen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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18
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Jin BY, Kim HJ, Oh MJ, Ha NH, Jeong YT, Choi SH, Lee JS, Kim NH, Kim DH. Metformin acts as a dual glucose regulator in mouse brain. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1108660. [PMID: 37153803 PMCID: PMC10157063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Metformin improves glucose regulation through various mechanisms in the periphery. Our previous study revealed that oral intake of metformin activates several brain regions, including the hypothalamus, and directly activates hypothalamic S6 kinase in mice. In this study, we aimed to identify the direct effects of metformin on glucose regulation in the brain. Materials and methods: We investigated the role of metformin in peripheral glucose regulation by directly administering metformin intracerebroventricularly in mice. The effect of centrally administered metformin (central metformin) on peripheral glucose regulation was evaluated by oral or intraperitoneal glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance tests. Hepatic gluconeogenesis and gastric emptying were assessed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Liver-specific and systemic sympathetic denervation were performed. Results: Central metformin improved the glycemic response to oral glucose load in mice compared to that in the control group, and worsened the response to intraperitoneal glucose load, indicating its dual role in peripheral glucose regulation. It lowered the ability of insulin to decrease serum glucose levels and worsened the glycemic response to pyruvate load relative to the control group. Furthermore, it increased the expression of hepatic G6pc and decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3, suggesting that central metformin increased hepatic glucose production. The effect was mediated by sympathetic nervous system activation. In contrast, it induced a significant delay in gastric emptying in mice, suggesting its potent role in suppressing intestinal glucose absorption. Conclusion: Central metformin improves glucose tolerance by delaying gastric emptying through the brain-gut axis, but at the same time worsens it by increasing hepatic glucose production via the brain-liver axis. However, with its ordinary intake, central metformin may effectively enhance its glucose-lowering effect through the brain-gut axis, which could surpass its effect on glucose regulation via the brain-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yeong Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hee Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taek Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Dong-Hoon Kim,
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19
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Zakharova IO, Bayunova LV, Derkach KV, Ilyasov IO, Morina IY, Shpakov AO, Avrova NF. Effects of Intranasally Administered Insulin and Gangliosides on Hypothalamic Signaling and Expression of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Genes in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Lower Glucose Effectiveness Is Associated with Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Obese/Overweight Men, Independently of Insulin Secretion. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111022. [PMID: 36355105 PMCID: PMC9695914 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of glucose effectiveness on postprandial hyperglycemia in daily life is not fully studied. Here, we examined the association between SgIo, an index of glucose effectiveness calculated from a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and the indices of hyperglycemia in obese/overweight men. SgIo was significantly associated with 1,5-anhydroglycitol, a biochemical marker for postprandial hyperglycemia. The receiver operating characteristic analyses of SgIo and oral disposition index for detecting the subjects with 1,5-anhydroglycitol < 14 μg/mL revealed that the areas under the curves were 0.77 and 0.76, while the cutoff points (sensitivity, selectivity) were 2.53 (0.9, 0.7) and 2.06 (0.36, 0.79), respectively. Both the SgIo < 2.53 category and the disposition index < 2.06 category were significantly associated with the percentages of meals with postprandial glucose levels ≥ 200 mg/dL, and the percentages of time when continuous glucose monitoring sensor readings were ≥200 mg/dL. After adjustment with disposition index, 45.5% of the subjects with the SgIo < 2.53 category had their 1,5-anhydroglycitol < 14 μg/mL, while, in the SgIo ≥ 2.53 category, 3.6% of the subjects had the hyperglycemia (p < 0.001). In addition, there were tendencies toward higher and lower SgIo quartile categories in subjects with walking (≥8000 steps) ≥60% of days and with noodle ingestion ≥20% of meals, respectively (p for trend, 0.008 and 0.038). In conclusion, lower glucose effectiveness is associated with postprandial hyperglycemia in the daily life of obese/overweight men, independently of insulin secretion. Lifestyles such as habits of walking and noodle ingestion are significantly associated with higher and lower glucose effectiveness, respectively.
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El Mehdi M, Takhlidjt S, Devère M, Arabo A, Le Solliec MA, Maucotel J, Bénani A, Nedelec E, Duparc C, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Anouar Y, Prévost G, Chartrel N, Picot M. The 26RFa (QRFP)/GPR103 neuropeptidergic system in mice relays insulin signalling into the brain to regulate glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1198-1211. [PMID: 35476025 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS 26RFa (pyroglutamilated RFamide peptide [QRFP]) is a biologically active peptide that regulates glucose homeostasis by acting as an incretin and by increasing insulin sensitivity at the periphery. 26RFa is also produced by a neuronal population localised in the hypothalamus. In this study we investigated whether 26RFa neurons are involved in the hypothalamic regulation of glucose homeostasis. METHODS 26Rfa+/+, 26Rfa-/- and insulin-deficient male C57Bl/6J mice were used in this study. Mice received an acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 26RFa, insulin or the 26RFa receptor (GPR103) antagonist 25e and were subjected to IPGTTs, insulin tolerance tests, acute glucose-stimulated insulin secretion tests and pyruvate tolerance tests (PTTs). Secretion of 26RFa by hypothalamic explants after incubation with glucose, leptin or insulin was assessed. Expression and quantification of the genes encoding 26RFa, agouti-related protein, the insulin receptor and GPR103 were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and RNAscope in situ hybridisation. RESULTS Our data indicate that i.c.v.-injected 26RFa induces a robust antihyperglycaemic effect associated with an increase in insulin production by the pancreatic islets. In addition, we found that insulin strongly stimulates 26Rfa expression and secretion by the hypothalamus. RNAscope experiments revealed that neurons expressing 26Rfa are mainly localised in the lateral hypothalamic area, that they co-express the gene encoding the insulin receptor and that insulin induces the expression of 26Rfa in these neurons. Concurrently, the central antihyperglycaemic effect of insulin is abolished in the presence of a GPR103 antagonist and in 26RFa-deficient mice. Finally, our data indicate that the hypothalamic 26RFa neurons are not involved in the central inhibitory effect of insulin on hepatic glucose production, but mediate the central effects of the hormone on its own peripheral production. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION We have identified a novel mechanism in the hypothalamic regulation of glucose homeostasis, the 26RFa/GPR103 system, and we provide evidence that this neuronal peptidergic system is a key relay for the central regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna El Mehdi
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Saloua Takhlidjt
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Mélodie Devère
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Arnaud Arabo
- Department of Biological Resources (SRB), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Anne Le Solliec
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Julie Maucotel
- Department of Biological Resources (SRB), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Bénani
- Centre for Taste and Feeding Behaviour, CNRS (UMR6265), INRA (UMR1324), AgroSup Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nedelec
- Centre for Taste and Feeding Behaviour, CNRS (UMR6265), INRA (UMR1324), AgroSup Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Céline Duparc
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
| | - Gaëtan Prévost
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France.
| | - Marie Picot
- Inserm, U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication (DC2N), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France
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22
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Tu L, Fukuda M, Tong Q, Xu Y. The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus: watchdog of whole-body glucose homeostasis. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:71. [PMID: 35619170 PMCID: PMC9134642 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain, particularly the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), has been long known for its involvement in glucose sensing and whole-body glucose homeostasis. However, it is still not fully understood how the brain detects and responds to the changes in the circulating glucose levels, as well as brain-body coordinated control of glucose homeostasis. In this review, we address the growing evidence implicating the brain in glucose homeostasis, especially in the contexts of hypoglycemia and diabetes. In addition to neurons, we emphasize the potential roles played by non-neuronal cells, as well as extracellular matrix in the hypothalamus in whole-body glucose homeostasis. Further, we review the ionic mechanisms by which glucose-sensing neurons sense fluctuations of ambient glucose levels. We also introduce the significant implications of heterogeneous neurons in the VMH upon glucose sensing and whole-body glucose homeostasis, in which sex difference is also addressed. Meanwhile, research gaps have also been identified, which necessities further mechanistic studies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Tu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street #8066, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street #8066, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street #8066, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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23
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Cook TM, Mansuy-Aubert V. Communication between the gut microbiota and peripheral nervous system in health and chronic disease. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2068365. [PMID: 35482894 PMCID: PMC9067538 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2068365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trillions of bacteria reside within our gastrointestinal tract, ideally forming a mutually beneficial relationship between us. However, persistent changes in diet and lifestyle in the western diet and lifestyle contribute to a damaging of the gut microbiota-host symbiosis leading to diseases such as obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Many symptoms and comorbidities associated with these diseases stem from dysfunctional signaling in peripheral neurons. Our peripheral nervous system (PNS) is comprised of a variety of sensory, autonomic, and enteric neurons which coordinate key homeostatic functions such as gastrointestinal motility, digestion, immunity, feeding behavior, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and more. The composition and signaling of bacteria in our gut dramatically influences how our peripheral neurons regulate these functions, and we are just beginning to uncover the molecular mechanisms mediating this communication. In this review, we cover the general anatomy and function of the PNS, and then we discuss how the molecules secreted or stimulated by gut microbes signal through the PNS to alter host development and physiology. Finally, we discuss how leveraging the power of our gut microbes on peripheral nervous system signaling may offer effective therapies to counteract the rise in chronic diseases crippling the western world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M. Cook
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA,CONTACT Virginie Mansuy-Aubert Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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24
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Comprehensive Analysis of a Novel Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Signature for Predicting the Prognosis and Immune Landscape in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8028825. [PMID: 35190739 PMCID: PMC8858058 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8028825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is important in various cancers. However, the association between lipid metabolism and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is still unclear. In this study, we collected clinicopathologic parameters and the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A lipid metabolism-related risk model was built and verified. The risk score was developed based on 11 selected LMRGs. The expression of 11 LMRGs was confirmed by qRT-PCR in clinical samples. We found that the model was an independent prediction factor of UCEC in terms of multivariate analysis. The overall survival (OS) of low-risk group was higher than that in the high-risk group. GSEA revealed that MAPK signaling pathway, ERBB signaling pathway, ECM receptor interaction, WNT pathway, and TGF-β signaling pathway were enriched in the high-risk group. Low-risk group was characterized by high tumor mutation burden (TMB) and showed sensitive response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. In brief, we built a lipid metabolism gene expression-based risk signature which can reflect the prognosis of UCEC patients and their response to chemotherapeutics and immune therapy.
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25
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Toward the Decipherment of Molecular Interactions in the Diabetic Brain. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010115. [PMID: 35052794 PMCID: PMC8773210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with cognitive complications in the brain resulting from acute and chronic metabolic disturbances happening peripherally and centrally. Numerous studies have reported on the morphological, electrophysiological, biochemical, and cognitive changes in the brains of diabetic individuals. The detailed pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in the development of the diabetic cognitive phenotype remain unclear due to intricate molecular changes evolving over time and space. This review provides an insight into recent advances in understanding molecular events in the diabetic brain, focusing on cerebral glucose and insulin uptake, insulin action in the brain, and the role of the brain in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Fully competent mitochondria are essential for energy metabolism and proper brain function; hence, the potential contribution of mitochondria to the DM-induced impairment of the brain is also discussed.
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26
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Mirzadeh Z, Faber CL, Schwartz MW. Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Homeostasis: A Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:55-84. [PMID: 34990204 PMCID: PMC8900291 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052220-010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Historically, pancreatic islet beta cells have been viewed as principal regulators of glycemia, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) resulting when insulin secretion fails to compensate for peripheral tissue insulin resistance. However, glycemia is also regulated by insulin-independent mechanisms that are dysregulated in T2D. Based on evidence supporting its role both in adaptive coupling of insulin secretion to changes in insulin sensitivity and in the regulation of insulin-independent glucose disposal, the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a fundamental player in glucose homeostasis. Here, we review and expand upon an integrative model wherein the CNS, together with the islet, establishes and maintains the defended level of glycemia. We discuss the implications of this model for understanding both normal glucose homeostasis and T2D pathogenesis and highlight centrally targeted therapeutic approaches with the potential to restore normoglycemia to patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaman Mirzadeh
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA;
| | - Chelsea L Faber
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA;
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA;
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA;
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27
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Feng X, Fu H, Bai Z, Li P, Song X, Hu X. Colorimetric detection of glucose by a hybrid nanomaterial based on amplified peroxidase-like activity of ferrosoferric oxide modified with gold–platinum heterodimer. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04491e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An easy and sensitive colorimetric sensor based on the Fe3O4@Au–Pt hybrid nanomaterial was constructed for H2O2 and glucose detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China
| | - Hao Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China
| | - Xingliang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China
| | - Xueping Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China
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28
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Wagner R, Eckstein SS, Fritsche L, Prystupa K, Hörber S, Häring HU, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Fritsche A, Heni M. Postprandial Dynamics of Proglucagon Cleavage Products and Their Relation to Metabolic Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:892677. [PMID: 35872982 PMCID: PMC9297683 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While oral glucose ingestion typically leads to a decrease in circulating glucagon levels, a substantial number of persons display stable or rising glucagon concentrations when assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). However, these assays show cross-reactivity to other proglucagon cleavage products. Recently, more specific assays became available, therefore we systematically assessed glucagon and other proglucagon cleavage products and their relation to metabolic health. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used samples from 52 oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) that were randomly selected from persons with different categories of glucose tolerance in an extensively phenotyped study cohort. RESULTS Glucagon concentrations quantified with RIA were non-suppressed at 2 hours of the OGTT in 36% of the samples. Non-suppressors showed lower fasting glucagon levels compared to suppressors (p=0.011). Similar to RIA measurements, ELISA-derived fasting glucagon was lower in non-suppressors (p<0.001). Glucagon 1-61 as well as glicentin and GLP-1 kinetics were significantly different between suppressors and non-suppressors (p=0.004, p=0.002, p=0.008 respectively) with higher concentrations of all three hormones in non-suppressors. Levels of insulin, C-peptide, and free fatty acids were comparable between groups. Non-suppressors were leaner and had lower plasma glucose concentrations (p=0.03 and p=0.047, respectively). Despite comparable liver fat content and insulin sensitivity (p≥0.3), they had lower 2-hour post-challenge glucose (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Glucagon 1-61, glicentin and GLP-1 partially account for RIA-derived glucagon measurements due to cross-reactivity of the assay. However, this contribution is small, since the investigated proglucagon cleavage products contribute less than 10% to the variation in RIA measured glucagon. Altered glucagon levels and higher post-challenge incretins are associated with a healthier metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wagner
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine S. Eckstein
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Prystupa
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hörber
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Martin Heni,
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29
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Pan X, Tao S, Tong N. Potential Therapeutic Targeting Neurotransmitter Receptors in Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:884549. [PMID: 35669692 PMCID: PMC9163348 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.884549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are signaling molecules secreted by neurons to coordinate communication and proper function among different sections in the central neural system (CNS) by binding with different receptors. Some neurotransmitters as well as their receptors are found in pancreatic islets and are involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Neurotransmitters can act with their receptors in pancreatic islets to stimulate or inhibit the secretion of insulin (β cell), glucagon (α cell) or somatostatin (δ cell). Neurotransmitter receptors are either G-protein coupled receptors or ligand-gated channels, their effects on blood glucose are mainly decided by the number and location of them in islets. Dysfunction of neurotransmitters receptors in islets is involved in the development of β cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Therapies targeting different transmitter systems have great potential in the prevention and treatment of T2D and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Islet Transplantation, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shibing Tao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Ziyang First People’s Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Islet Transplantation, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Nanwei Tong,
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30
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Kim A, Knudsen JG, Madara JC, Benrick A, Hill TG, Abdul Kadir L, Kellard JA, Mellander L, Miranda C, Lin H, James T, Suba K, Spigelman AF, Wu Y, MacDonald PE, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Magnussen T, Christensen M, Vilsbøll T, Salem V, Knop FK, Rorsman P, Lowell BB, Briant LJB. Arginine-vasopressin mediates counter-regulatory glucagon release and is diminished in type 1 diabetes. eLife 2021; 10:e72919. [PMID: 34787082 PMCID: PMC8654374 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-induced hypoglycemia is a major treatment barrier in type-1 diabetes (T1D). Accordingly, it is important that we understand the mechanisms regulating the circulating levels of glucagon. Varying glucose over the range of concentrations that occur physiologically between the fed and fuel-deprived states (8 to 4 mM) has no significant effect on glucagon secretion in the perfused mouse pancreas or in isolated mouse islets (in vitro), and yet associates with dramatic increases in plasma glucagon. The identity of the systemic factor(s) that elevates circulating glucagon remains unknown. Here, we show that arginine-vasopressin (AVP), secreted from the posterior pituitary, stimulates glucagon secretion. Alpha-cells express high levels of the vasopressin 1b receptor (V1bR) gene (Avpr1b). Activation of AVP neurons in vivo increased circulating copeptin (the C-terminal segment of the AVP precursor peptide) and increased blood glucose; effects blocked by pharmacological antagonism of either the glucagon receptor or V1bR. AVP also mediates the stimulatory effects of hypoglycemia produced by exogenous insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose on glucagon secretion. We show that the A1/C1 neurons of the medulla oblongata drive AVP neuron activation in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. AVP injection increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ in alpha-cells (implanted into the anterior chamber of the eye) and glucagon release. Hypoglycemia also increases circulating levels of AVP/copeptin in humans and this hormone stimulates glucagon secretion from human islets. In patients with T1D, hypoglycemia failed to increase both copeptin and glucagon. These findings suggest that AVP is a physiological systemic regulator of glucagon secretion and that this mechanism becomes impaired in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonUnited States
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jakob G Knudsen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Joseph C Madara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonUnited States
| | - Anna Benrick
- Metabolic Research Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Thomas G Hill
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Lina Abdul Kadir
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Joely A Kellard
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Lisa Mellander
- Metabolic Research Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Caroline Miranda
- Metabolic Research Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Haopeng Lin
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research InnovationEdmontonCanada
| | - Timothy James
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, John Radcliffe, Oxford NHS TrustOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Kinga Suba
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research InnovationEdmontonCanada
| | - Yanling Wu
- Metabolic Research Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research InnovationEdmontonCanada
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Metabolic Research Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Tore Magnussen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte HospitalHellerupDenmark
| | - Mikkel Christensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte HospitalHellerupDenmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte HospitalHellerupDenmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Victoria Salem
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte HospitalHellerupDenmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Metabolic Research Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonUnited States
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Linford JB Briant
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Rochais C, Hotte H, Pillay N. Seasonal variation in reversal learning reveals greater female cognitive flexibility in African striped mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20061. [PMID: 34625648 PMCID: PMC8501043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility describes the ability of animals to alter cognitively mediated behaviour in response to changing situational demands, and can vary according to prevailing environemental conditions and individual caracteristics. In the present study, we investigated (1) how learning and reversal learning performance changes between seasons, and (2) how cognitive flexibility is related to sex in a free-living small mammal. We studied 107 African striped mice, Rhabdomys pumilio, in an arid semi-desert, 58 during the hot dry summer with low food availability, and 49 during the cold wet winter with higher food availability. We used an escape box task to test for learning and reversal learning performance. We found that learning and reversal learning efficiency varied seasonally by sex: females tested in summer were faster at solving both learning and reversal tasks than males tested in winter. Performance varied within sex: males tested in winter showed faster learning compared to males tested in summer. During reversal learning, females tested in summer were more efficient and solve the task faster compared to females tested in winter. We suggest that seasonal cognitive performance could be related to sex-specific behavioural characteristics of the species, resulting in adaptation for living in harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Rochais
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Hoël Hotte
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,ANSES, Plant Health Laboratory - Nematology Unit, Domaine de la Motte Au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu Cédex, France
| | - Neville Pillay
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Seasonal changes in problem-solving in wild African striped mice. Anim Cogn 2021; 25:401-413. [PMID: 34591197 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-021-01559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Innovative problem-solving ability is a predictor of whether animals can successfully cope with environmental changes. These environmental changes can test the limits of animals, for example when energy availability decreases seasonally and, hence, problem-solving performance decreases because less energy is available for cognitive processes. Here, we investigated: (1) how problem-solving performance changed between seasons that differed significantly in food availability; (2) whether these changes were related to environmentally induced physiological changes in blood glucose and ketone levels, indicators of energy availability; and (3) whether individual variation in problem-solving was related to sex differences. We studied 99 free-ranging African striped mice, Rhabdomys pumilio, in the Succulent Karoo, South Africa, 55 during the hot dry summer with low food availability and 44 during the cold wet winter with higher food availability. We measured their problem-solving abilities using a food extraction task and found no seasonal differences in problem-solving success. However, mice solved the problem faster in summer versus winter. In summer, food availability was reduced and blood ketones increased but there was no seasonal difference in blood glucose levels. There were no correlation between problem-solving performance and blood glucose or ketone levels. Overall, more males solved the task than females. It appears that in striped mice cognitive functions can be maintained under harsh environmental conditions.
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33
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Kang SG, Huang K, Tong T. Dietary Bioactive Ingredients Modulating the cAMP Signaling in Diabetes Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093038. [PMID: 34578916 PMCID: PMC8467569 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of diabetes increases progressively, research to develop new therapeutic approaches and the search for more bioactive compounds are attracting more attention. Over the past decades, studies have suggested that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the important intracellular second messenger, is a key regulator of metabolism and glucose homeostasis in diverse physiopathological states in multiple organs including the pancreas, liver, gut, skeletal muscle, adipose tissues, brain, and kidney. The multiple characteristics of dietary compounds and their favorable influence on diabetes pathogenesis, as well as their intersections with the cAMP signaling pathway, indicate that these compounds have a beneficial effect on the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the diverse functions of cAMP in different organs involved in glucose homeostasis and show that a diversity of bioactive ingredients from foods activate or inhibit cAMP signaling, resulting in the improvement of the diabetic pathophysiological process. It aims to highlight the diabetes-preventative or -therapeutic potential of dietary bioactive ingredients targeting cAMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Qing Liu
- Jilin Green Food Engineering Research Institute, Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muangun 58554, Korea;
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (T.T.)
| | - Tao Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (T.T.)
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34
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35
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Qin W, Ying W, Hamaker B, Zhang G. Slow digestion-oriented dietary strategy to sustain the secretion of GLP-1 for improved glucose homeostasis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5173-5196. [PMID: 34350681 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated glucose metabolism is associated with many chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and strategies to restore and maintain glucose homeostasis are essential to health. The incretin hormone of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is known to play a critical role in regulating glucose homeostasis and dietary nutrients are the primary stimuli to the release of intestinal GLP-1. However, the GLP-1 producing enteroendocrine L-cells are mainly distributed in the distal region of the gastrointestinal tract where there are almost no nutrients to stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 under normal situations. Thus, a dietary strategy to sustain the release of GLP-1 was proposed, and the slow digestion property and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity of food components, approaches to reduce the rate of food digestion, and mechanisms to sustain the release of GLP-1 were reviewed. A slow digestion-oriented dietary approach through encapsulation of nutrients, incorporation of viscous dietary fibers, and enzyme inhibitors of phytochemicals in a designed whole food matrix will be implemented to efficiently reduce the digestion rate of food nutrients, potentiate their distal deposition and a sustained secretion of GLP-1, which will be beneficial to improved glucose homeostasis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wang Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bruce Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Genyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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36
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Storage and Utilization of Glycogen by Mouse Liver during Adaptation to Nutritional Changes Are GLP-1 and PASK Dependent. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082552. [PMID: 34444712 PMCID: PMC8399311 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and PAS kinase (PASK) control glucose and energy homeostasis according to nutritional status. Thus, both glucose availability and GLP-1 lead to hepatic glycogen synthesis or degradation. We used a murine model to discover whether PASK mediates the effect of exendin-4 (GLP-1 analogue) in the adaptation of hepatic glycogen metabolism to nutritional status. The results indicate that both exendin-4 and fasting block the Pask expression, and PASK deficiency disrupts the physiological levels of blood GLP1 and the expression of hepatic GLP1 receptors after fasting. Under a non-fasted state, exendin-4 treatment blocks AKT activation, whereby Glucokinase and Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-1c (Srebp1c) expressions were inhibited. Furthermore, the expression of certain lipogenic genes was impaired, while increasing Glucose Transporter 2 (GLUT2) and Glycogen Synthase (GYS). Moreover, exendin-4 treatment under fasted conditions avoided Glucose 6-Phosphatase (G6pase) expression, while maintaining high GYS and its activation state. These results lead to an abnormal glycogen accumulation in the liver under fasting, both in PASK-deficient mice and in exendin-4 treated wild-type mice. In short, exendin-4 and PASK both regulate glucose transport and glycogen storage, and some of the exendin-4 effects could therefore be due to the blocking of the Pask expression.
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37
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Murai N, Saito N, Kodama E, Iida T, Mikura K, Imai H, Kaji M, Hashizume M, Kigawa Y, Koizumi G, Tadokoro R, Sugisawa C, Endo K, Iizaka T, Saiki R, Otsuka F, Ishibashi S, Nagasaka S. Glucose Effectiveness Decreases in Relationship to a Subtle Worsening of Metabolic Parameters in Young Japanese with Normal Glucose Tolerance. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:409-415. [PMID: 34190620 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between glucose effectiveness (Sg) and some metabolic parameters in male and female young Japanese. Methods: We measured plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin levels in 1309 young Japanese persons (age <40 years) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) before and at 30, 60, and 120 min during a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test. We also measured serum adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels and oral glucose effectiveness (SgIO), and investigated factors related to SgIO. Results: The results of Spearman correlation analysis revealed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and adiponectin were positively correlated with SgIO, whereas the proportion of males, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides (TG), and hsCRP were inversely correlated with SgIO. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated negative correlations between SgIO and the proportion of males, WC, and SBP and a positive correlation with HDL. The results of multiple regression analysis excluding WC indicated negative correlations between SgIO and the proportion of males, SBP, and TG and positive correlations with HDL and adiponectin. Conclusions: Sg decreased with a subtle worsening of metabolic parameters, even in young persons with NGT. Decreased Sg may be involved in the development of glucose intolerance in individuals with worse metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Murai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Saito
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eriko Kodama
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iida
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mikura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Imai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mariko Kaji
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mai Hashizume
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kigawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Go Koizumi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rie Tadokoro
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chiho Sugisawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Endo
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Iizaka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryo Saiki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumiko Otsuka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Nagasaka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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38
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Kaneko K, Lin HY, Fu Y, Saha PK, De la Puente-Gomez AB, Xu Y, Ohinata K, Chen P, Morozov A, Fukuda M. Rap1 in the VMH regulates glucose homeostasis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:142545. [PMID: 33974562 PMCID: PMC8262364 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a critical regulator of glucose metabolism and is capable of correcting diabetes conditions independently of an effect on energy balance. The small GTPase Rap1 in the forebrain is implicated in high-fat diet–induced (HFD-induced) obesity and glucose imbalance. Here, we report that increasing Rap1 activity selectively in the medial hypothalamus elevated blood glucose without increasing the body weight of HFD-fed mice. In contrast, decreasing hypothalamic Rap1 activity protected mice from diet-induced hyperglycemia but did not prevent weight gain. The remarkable glycemic effect of Rap1 was reproduced when Rap1 was specifically deleted in steroidogenic factor-1–positive (SF-1–positive) neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) known to regulate glucose metabolism. While having no effect on body weight regardless of sex, diet, and age, Rap1 deficiency in the VMH SF1 neurons markedly lowered blood glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose and insulin tolerance, and protected mice against HFD-induced neural leptin resistance and peripheral insulin resistance at the cellular and whole-body levels. Last, acute pharmacological inhibition of brain exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2, a direct activator of Rap1, corrected glucose imbalance in obese mouse models. Our findings uncover the primary role of VMH Rap1 in glycemic control and implicate Rap1 signaling as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kaneko
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yukiko Fu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Ana B De la Puente-Gomez
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kousaku Ohinata
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexei Morozov
- Unit on Behavioral Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Maryland, USA.,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Makoto Fukuda
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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39
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Zhang H, Li Z, Wang Y, Kong Y. O-GlcNAcylation is a key regulator of multiple cellular metabolic pathways. PeerJ 2021. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation modifies proteins in serine or threonine residues in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. It regulates a variety of cellular biological processes and abnormal O-GlcNAcylation is associated with diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that O-GlcNAcylation acts as a nutrient sensor and signal integrator to regulate metabolic signaling, and that dysregulation of its metabolism may be an important indicator of pathogenesis in disease. Here, we review the literature focusing on O-GlcNAcylation regulation in major metabolic processes, such as glucose metabolism, mitochondrial oxidation, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. We discuss its role in physiological processes, such as cellular nutrient sensing and homeostasis maintenance. O-GlcNAcylation acts as a key regulator in multiple metabolic processes and pathways. Our review will provide a better understanding of how O-GlcNAcylation coordinates metabolism and integrates molecular networks.
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40
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Wang K, Zhang R, Yue X, Zhou Z, Bai L, Tong Y, Wang B, Gu D, Wang S, Qiao Y, Liu Q, Xue X, Yin Y, Xi R, Meng M. Synthesis of Diboronic Acid-Based Fluorescent Probes for the Sensitive Detection of Glucose in Aqueous Media and Biological Matrices. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1543-1551. [PMID: 33784069 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reliable and accurate glucose detection in biological samples is of great importance in clinical diagnosis and medical research. Chemical probes are advantageous in simple operation and flexible design, especially for the development of fluorescent probes. Anthracene-based diboronic acid (P-DBA) has shown potential in glucose probing because of its high sensitivity. However, poor solubility limits its applications in aqueous media. In this work, we systemically modify P-DBA by introducing fluoro (F-), chloro (Cl-), methoxyl (MeO-), or cyano (CN-) substituents. Among these probes, the cyano-substituted probe (CN-DBA) displays the highest glucose-binding constant (6489.5 M-1, 33% MeOH). More importantly, it shows good water solubility in the aqueous solution (0.5% MeOH), with ultrasensitive recognition with glucose (LOD = 1.51 μM) and robust sensing from pH 6.0 to 9.0. Based on these features, the CN-DBA is finally applied to detect glucose in cell lysates and plasma, with satisfactory recovery and precision. These results demonstrate that CN-DBA could serve as an accurate, sensitive fluorescent probe for glucose assays in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruixiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinmin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lihuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yue Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dening Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanqi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rimo Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and KLMDASR of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tongyan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
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41
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Li RJW, Batchuluun B, Zhang SY, Abraham MA, Wang B, Lim YM, Yue JTY, Lam TKT. Nutrient infusion in the dorsal vagal complex controls hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in rats. iScience 2021; 24:102366. [PMID: 33870148 PMCID: PMC8044434 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis is emerging, but whether the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) senses nutrients and regulates hepatic nutrient metabolism remains unclear. Here, we found in rats DVC oleic acid infusion suppressed hepatic secretion of triglyceride-rich very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG), which was disrupted by inhibiting DVC long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase that in parallel disturbed lipid homeostasis during intravenous lipid infusion. DVC glucose infusion elevated local glucose levels similarly as intravenous glucose infusion and suppressed hepatic glucose production. This was independent of lactate metabolism as inhibiting lactate dehydrogenase failed to disrupt glucose sensing and neither could DVC lactate infusion recapitulate glucose effect. DVC oleic acid and glucose infusion failed to lower VLDL-TG secretion and glucose production in high-fat fed rats, while inhibiting DVC farnesoid X receptor enhanced oleic acid but not glucose sensing. Thus, an impairment of DVC nutrient sensing may lead to the disruption of lipid and glucose homeostasis in metabolic syndrome. DVC oleic acid infusion lowers hepatic secretion of VLDL-TG in chow but not HF rats Inhibition of ACSL in the DVC negates lipid sensing DVC glucose infusion lowers hepatic glucose production in chow but not HF rats Inhibition of FXR in the DVC enhances oleic acid but not glucose sensing in HF rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa J W Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Song-Yang Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mona A Abraham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Beini Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yu-Mi Lim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessica T Y Yue
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Tony K T Lam
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, MaRS Center, TMDT 101 College Street, 10-705, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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González-García I, Gruber T, García-Cáceres C. Insulin action on astrocytes: From energy homeostasis to behaviour. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12953. [PMID: 33724579 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are specialised glial cells that integrate distinct inputs arising from neurones, other glial cells and the microcirculation to regulate diverse aspects of brain function. A growing body of emerging evidence supports that astrocytes, similar to neurones, also play active roles in the neuroendocrine control of metabolism by responding to afferent nutritional and hormonal cues and translating these metabolic cues into neuronal inputs. Specifically, insulin action in astrocytes has received special emphasis given its newly discovered regulatory role in brain glucose uptake, which until recently was assumed to be an insulin independent process. We now know that insulin signalling in astrocytes regulates metabolic processes and behavioural responses through coupling brain glucose uptake with nutrient availability to maintain energy balance and systemic glucose homeostasis. Moreover, genetic ablation of the insulin receptor in astrocytes is associated with anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, confirming that these glial cells are involved in the regulation of cognition and mood via insulin action. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the most relevant findings that have been made over the course of the last few years linking insulin signalling in astrocytes with the pathogenesis of brain metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases; a still unexplored field, but with a high translational potential for developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael González-García
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Gruber
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Fujikawa T. Central regulation of glucose metabolism in an insulin-dependent and -independent manner. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12941. [PMID: 33599044 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) contributes significantly to glucose homeostasis. The available evidence indicates that insulin directly acts on the CNS, in particular the hypothalamus, to regulate hepatic glucose production, thereby controlling whole-body glucose metabolism. Additionally, insulin also acts on the brain to regulate food intake and fat metabolism, which may indirectly regulate glucose metabolism. Studies conducted over the last decade have found that the CNS can regulate glucose metabolism in an insulin-independent manner. Enhancement of central leptin signalling reverses hyperglycaemia in insulin-deficient rodents. Here, I review the mechanisms by which central insulin and leptin actions regulate glucose metabolism. Although clinical studies have shown that insulin treatment is currently indispensable for managing diabetes, unravelling the neuronal mechanisms underlying the central regulation of glucose metabolism will pave the way for the design of novel therapeutic drugs for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Fujikawa
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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BCDIN3D RNA methyltransferase stimulates Aldolase C expression and glycolysis through let-7 microRNA in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2021; 40:2395-2406. [PMID: 33664453 PMCID: PMC8026734 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Type II diabetes (T2D) and specific cancers share many risk factors, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these connections are often not well-understood. BCDIN3D is an RNA modifying enzyme that methylates specific precursor microRNAs and tRNAHis. In addition to breast cancer, BCDIN3D may also be linked to metabolism, as its gene locus is associated with obesity and T2D. In order to uncover metabolic pathways regulated by BCDIN3D in cancer, we performed an unbiased analysis of the metabolome, transcriptome, and proteome of breast cancer cells depleted for BCDIN3D. Intersection of these analyses showed that BCDIN3D-depleted cells have increased levels of Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate (F1,6-BP), the last six-carbon glycolytic intermediate accompanied by reduced glycolytic capacity. We further show that elevated F1,6-BP is due to downregulation of Aldolase C (ALDOC), an enzyme that cleaves F1,6-BP mainly in the brain, but whose high expression/amplification is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. BCDIN3D regulates ALDOC through a non-canonical mechanism involving the crucial let-7 microRNA family and its target site on the 3'UTR of ALDOC. Overall, our results reveal an important connection between BCDIN3D, let-7 and glycolysis that may be relevant to breast cancer, obesity, and T2D.
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Pitra S, Smith BN. Musings on the wanderer: What's new in our understanding of vago-vagal reflexes? VI. Central vagal circuits that control glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G175-G182. [PMID: 33205998 PMCID: PMC7938771 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00368.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the brain stem dorsal vagal complex (DVC) take part in a continuous bidirectional crosstalk, in which they receive and respond to a vast array of signaling molecules, including glucose. Importantly, chronic dysregulation of blood glucose concentration, a hallmark of high prevalence pathologies, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, can induce neuroplasticity in DVC neural networks, which is hypothesized to either contribute to or compensate for the glycemic or insulinemic dysregulation observed in these conditions. Here, we revisit the topic of vagal reflexes to review recent research on the importance of DVC function in regulating systemic glucose homeostasis and the neuroplastic changes in this brain region that are associated with systemic glucose alterations. We also discuss the critical connection between these nuclei and the gut and the role of central vagal circuits in the favorable outcomes associated with bariatric surgical procedures for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Pitra
- 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Bret N. Smith
- 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,2Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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46
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Habenular TCF7L2 links nicotine addiction to diabetes: the broad significance. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:267-268. [PMID: 32908242 PMCID: PMC7689451 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen S, Huang Z, Kidd H, Kim M, Suh EH, Xie S, Ghazvini Zadeh EH, Xu Y, Sherry AD, Scherer PE, Li WH. In Vivo ZIMIR Imaging of Mouse Pancreatic Islet Cells Shows Oscillatory Insulin Secretion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:613964. [PMID: 33767668 PMCID: PMC7985533 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.613964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate insulin secretion is essential for maintaining euglycemia, and impairment or loss of insulin release represents a causal event leading to diabetes. There have been extensive efforts of studying insulin secretion and its regulation using a variety of biological preparations, yet it remains challenging to monitor the dynamics of insulin secretion at the cellular level in the intact pancreas of living animals, where islet cells are supplied with physiological blood circulation and oxygenation, nerve innervation, and tissue support of surrounding exocrine cells. Herein we presented our pilot efforts of ZIMIR imaging in pancreatic islet cells in a living mouse. The imaging tracked insulin/Zn2+ release of individual islet β-cells in the intact pancreas with high spatiotemporal resolution, revealing a rhythmic secretion activity that appeared to be synchronized among islet β-cells. To facilitate probe delivery to islet cells, we also developed a chemogenetic approach by expressing the HaloTag protein on the cell surface. Finally, we demonstrated the application of a fluorescent granule zinc indicator, ZIGIR, as a selective and efficient islet cell marker in living animals through systemic delivery. We expect future optimization and integration of these approaches would enable longitudinal tracking of beta cell mass and function in vivo by optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuhwei Chen
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - ZhiJiang Huang
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Harrison Kidd
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Min Kim
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Eul Hyun Suh
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shangkui Xie
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ebrahim H. Ghazvini Zadeh
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Wen-hong Li
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Wen-hong Li,
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Alonge KM, D'Alessio DA, Schwartz MW. Brain control of blood glucose levels: implications for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:5-14. [PMID: 33043401 PMCID: PMC7718404 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite a rapidly growing literature, the role played by the brain in both normal glucose homeostasis and in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this review, we introduce a framework for understanding the brain's essential role in these processes based on evidence that the brain, like the pancreas, is equipped to sense and respond to changes in the circulating glucose level. Further, we review evidence that glucose sensing by the brain plays a fundamental role in establishing the defended level of blood glucose, and that defects in this control system contribute to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. We also consider the possibility that the close association between obesity and type 2 diabetes arises from a shared defect in the highly integrated neurocircuitry governing energy homeostasis and glucose homeostasis. Thus, whereas obesity is characterised by an increase in the defended level of the body's fuel stores (e.g. adipose mass), type 2 diabetes is characterised by an increase in the defended level of the body's available fuel (e.g. circulating glucose), with the underlying pathogenesis in each case involving impaired sensing of (or responsiveness to) relevant humoral negative feedback signals. This perspective is strengthened by growing preclinical evidence that in type 2 diabetes the defended level of blood glucose can be restored to normal by therapies that restore the brain's ability to properly sense the circulating glucose level. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Alonge
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Duke Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Kasozi KI, Nakimbugwe D, Ninsiima HI, Kasolo J, Matama K, Safiriyu AA, Owembabazi E, Ssempijja F, Okpanachi AO, Valladares MB. Calcium and s100a1 protein balance in the brain-heart axis in diabetic male Wistar rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2020-0074/jbcpp-2020-0074.xml. [PMID: 33098631 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Calcium deregulation in diabetes mellitus (DM) is central to the brain-heart axis pathology. This has led to the use of medical plants in complementary medicine such as Amaranthus hypochondriacus (GA). The objective of the study was to establish the effects of grain amaranth feed supplementation on calcium, s100al protein and antioxidant levels on the brain-heart axis in diabetic male Wistar rats. Methods The study involved six groups (n=5) with DM being induced in 20 rats. To the diabetic rats, Group I received mixtard®, Group II was positive control, Groups III and IV received GA feed supplementation at 25 and 50%. In the nondiabetic rats (n=10), Group V received 50% grain amaranth while Group VI was the negative control. The brain and heart tissues were harvested after five weeks and processed using standard methods. Results Grain amaranth feed supplementation led to improved calcium levels in DM as compared to the positive control. This also led to increased s100a1, antioxidant levels in the brain-heart axis during DM. This then protected the tissues against oxidative damage, thus preserving tissue function and structure. Conclusions Grain amaranth's actions on calcium signaling subsequently affected s100a1 protein levels, leading to improved tissue function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Box 317 Kabale, Uganda
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothy Nakimbugwe
- Department of Food Technology & Nutrition, School of Food Technology, Nutrition & Bio-Engineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Josephine Kasolo
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Abass Alao Safiriyu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Elna Owembabazi
- School of Anatomical Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 29 Princess of Wales Terrace, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda
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Atkinson MA, Campbell-Thompson M, Kusmartseva I, Kaestner KH. Organisation of the human pancreas in health and in diabetes. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1966-1973. [PMID: 32894306 PMCID: PMC7565096 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For much of the last century, our knowledge regarding the pancreas in type 1 and type 2 diabetes was largely derived from autopsy studies of individuals with these disorders or investigations utilising rodent models of either disease. While many important insights emanated from these efforts, the mode for investigation has increasingly seen change due to the availability of transplant-quality organ-donor tissues, improvements in pancreatic imaging, advances in metabolic assessments of living patients, genetic analyses, technological advances for laboratory investigation and more. As a result, many long-standing notions regarding the role for and the changes that occur in the pancreas in individuals with these disorders have come under question, while, at the same time, new issues (e.g., beta cell persistence, disease heterogeneity, exocrine contributions) have arisen. In this article, we will consider the vital role of the pancreas in human health and physiology, including discussion of its anatomical features and dual (exocrine and endocrine) functions. Specifically, we convey changes that occur in the pancreas of those with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, with careful attention to the facets that may contribute to the pathogenesis of either disorder. Finally, we discuss the emerging unknowns with the belief that understanding the role of the pancreas in type 1 and type 2 diabetes will lead to improvements in disease diagnosis, understanding of disease heterogeneity and optimisation of treatments at a personalised level. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Box 100275, 1275 Center Dr., BMSB J593, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Box 100275, 1275 Center Dr., BMSB J593, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida College of Engineering, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Irina Kusmartseva
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Box 100275, 1275 Center Dr., BMSB J593, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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