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Peixoto-Rodrigues MC, Adesse D, Vianna M, Hauser-Davis RA. Shark-on-a-dish: Elasmobranch cell cultures as a promising tool for the conservation of threatened species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2025; 210:117349. [PMID: 39615340 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 11/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have increasingly contaminated aquatic ecosystems worldwide, requiring the development of adequate methods to assess the effects of environmental pollution on aquatic biota. Currently, ecotoxicological research on fish is largely based on in vivo studies, many times using post-mortem fish samples bought in fish markets or obtained through capture-and-release programs. However, such samples provide a narrow window to the cellular and molecular processes that occur to fish upon exposure to pollutants and other toxicants or pathogens. In thi sense, in vitro cell culture systems have been increasingly proven a valuable tool in several research fields, from molecular biology studies to conservation efforts. To date, however, cell cultures obtained from bony fish have been the most studied and with the best-described protocols and models. Elasmobranchs, comprising shark and rays, play important trophic and environmental roles, employed as chemical contamination environmental sentinels, suffering the effects of such contamination due to bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes. For these reasons, the development of new experimental tools to study elasmobranch cellular and molecular responses to environmental stimuli in controlled conditions is highly desirable. However, only some research groups have attempted to develop elasmobranch cell culture protocols to be used in an ecotoxicological context. In this sense, this review discusses the current elasmobranch cell culture scenario, its importance and potential applications in ecotoxicology assessments and conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Peixoto-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil; Laboratory of Ocular Immunology and Transplantation, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, United States of America.
| | - Marcelo Vianna
- Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pesqueira, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, UFRJ, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bl. A., Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-541, Brazil; IMAM - AquaRio, Rio de Janeiro Aquarium Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; AquaRio - Aquário Marinho do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil.
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Sanusi IO, Olutona GO, Wawata IG, Onohuean H, Adepoju AA. Geospatial monitoring and human health risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in groundwater and surface water in Kampala and Mbarara Districts, Uganda. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 47:30. [PMID: 39718649 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 12/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence, concentration and human health risks of five pharmaceutical residues-metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, carbamazepine, and caffeine-in groundwater and surface water samples from Kampala and Mbarara districts of Uganda. The present study also employed techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS); thereby, emphasizing the importance of thematic mapping, land use classification, and spatial buffering to evaluate pharmaceutical contaminants in an environmental setting. The risk quotient (RQ) approach was also employed to assess the risk of exposure to the pharmaceutical contaminants. Caffeine was found with the highest average concentration in groundwater (53.515 µg/L), whereas carbamazepine had the highest average concentration in surface water (48.635 µg/L) during the dry season. Ciprofloxacin consistently recorded the lowest average concentrations in both groundwater and surface water across all seasons. Overall, the data revealed high concentrations of pharmaceutical residues in surface water compared to groundwater during both seasons, except for caffeine which was not detected in surface water across the seasons. Notable seasonal changes were also observed in caffeine and metronidazole concentrations, indicating the role of human activities and environmental factors in influencing contamination patterns during specific seasons. The factor analysis revealed that consumption rate of pharmaceuticals and anthropogenic activities are the main factors responsible for the contamination of groundwater and surface water. Moreover, results revealed that the risk of adverse human health effects for carbamazepine and metronidazole during both seasons were high (RQ > 1), thereby highlighting the prioritization of frequent monitoring by the environmental protection agencies. Given that the combined risk of exposure for all the pharmaceuticals exceeded one, adopting stringent pharmaceutical disposal and control measures are essential for mitigating potential human health risks associated with their exposure. Further investigation into optimal and effective pharmaceutical remediation strategies for both groundwater and surface water are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris O Sanusi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. BOX 71, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
| | - Godwin O Olutona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. BOX 71, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Industrial Chemistry Programme, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim G Wawata
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, PMB +243 1144, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biomedical Science, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Hope Onohuean
- Biomolecules, Metagenomics, Endocrine and Tropical Disease Research Group (BMETDREG), Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Adeleke A Adepoju
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Eichberg C, Leiß A, Stothut M, Bernheine J, Jurczyk K, Paulus L, Thiele-Bruhn S, Thomas FM, Donath TW. Tetracycline but not sulfamethazine inhibits early root growth of wild grassland species, while seed germination is hardly affected by either antibiotic. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 363:125178. [PMID: 39447628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Seed germination and early growth of grassland species might be influenced by veterinary antibiotics that are extensively released into agricultural habitats. Therefore, we tested impacts of the commonly used antibiotics tetracycline and sulfamethazine, single and in mixture, on seed germination and seedling root growth of six typical species of temperate European grasslands (Carum carvi, Centaurea jacea, Galium mollugo, Plantago lanceolata, Silene latifolia, Dactylis glomerata). In standardised germination experiments, we assessed three germination variables (germination percentage, mean germination time, synchrony of germination) and one post-germination variable (seedling root length) under different environmentally realistic antibiotic concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 mg l-1 and a water control). While the germination variables were only irregularly and weakly affected by both antibiotics, seedling root length was strongly reduced by tetracycline, but not by sulfamethazine. Among the test species, D. glomerata was most sensitive to tetracycline with the average root length reduced up to 81 % in the 10 mg l-1 treatment. Its germination behaviour, however, was almost insensitive to the two antibiotics. Mixture effects were only shown in relation to the germination of single species, where the binary mixture produced effects but not the two single antibiotics or, conversely, effects of single antibiotics were lost in the mixture. These findings highlight the potential threat of plant regeneration from seed by veterinary antibiotics, particularly affecting early root growth and potentially influencing plant population growth in natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Eichberg
- Geobotany, Spatial and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany.
| | - Angela Leiß
- Geobotany, Spatial and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Manuel Stothut
- Geobotany, Spatial and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Jan Bernheine
- Geobotany, Spatial and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Kim Jurczyk
- Geobotany, Spatial and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Lena Paulus
- Geobotany, Spatial and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Sören Thiele-Bruhn
- Soil Science, Spatial and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Frank M Thomas
- Geobotany, Spatial and Environmental Sciences, Trier University, Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Tobias W Donath
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Olshausenstraße 75, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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Zhang Q, Demeestere K, De Schamphelaere KAC. Mixture toxicity of the heavy metal copper and the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin on Microcystis aeruginosa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 955:177144. [PMID: 39490399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to chemical mixtures is the norm in natural environments. Yet, water quality regulations are still mostly constructed for individual chemicals. However, an important ambition of the European Green Deal is the future implementation of mixture toxicity to address the risks posed by the joint presence of multiple chemicals in aquatic ecosystems (e.g., via a mixture allocation factor, MAF). This study aimed to contribute to this by investigating the ecotoxicity of a series of binary ciprofloxacin‑copper (CIP-Cu) mixtures at environmental realistic concentrations to the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, which is the most CIP-sensitive freshwater species identified so far. The two chemicals have distinct modes of action, however, the bioavailability of both is influenced by pH. The toxicity data of CIP-Cu mixtures were analysed to examine if significant interactions exist relative to the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models. CIP-Cu mixtures behaved antagonistically relative to the CA model, whereas there was no interactive toxicity relative to the IA model, which better describes the CIP-Cu mixture toxicity, in line with expectations based on the distinct modes of action of Cu and CIP. Furthermore, attention was placed to the influence of Cu in the low-effect concentration range (≤ EC10, the 10 % effective concentration) on CIP ecotoxicity, in order to identify potential synergistic effects that may lower the toxic threshold of CIP in the presence of Cu. Across the pH range 7.3-9.0, the presence of '≤ EC10' level of Cu did not affect the EC10 of CIP. Only at pH 8.0, but not at pH 7.3 or 9.0, the addition of an (EC10)/2 level of Cu lowered the 50 % effect concentration (EC50) of CIP from 2.8 to 2.0 μg L-1. The overall observations confirmed that there are no significant interactive effects between Cu and CIP relative to the IA model. Therefore, regulatory environmental threshold concentrations for CIP derived from single-chemical tests, are protective in situations of co-occurrence with Cu, provided that Cu remains below its own environmental quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Zhang
- GhEnToxLab, Department of Animal Science and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Research group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research group EnVOC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Sharma M, Devi P, Kaushal S, Ul-Ahsan A, Mehra S, Budhwar M, Chopra M. Cyto and Genoprotective Potential of Tannic Acid Against Cadmium and Nickel Co-exposure Induced Hepato-Renal Toxicity in BALB/c Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:5624-5636. [PMID: 38393487 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) is a metal chelating polyphenol that plays a crucial role in metal detoxification, but its modulatory role in co-exposure of these heavy metals' exposure needs to be explored. Cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are inorganic hazardous chemicals in the environment. Humans are prone to be exposed to the co-exposure of Cd and Ni, but the toxicological interactions of these metals are poorly defined. Present study was undertaken to study the preventive role of TA in Cd-Ni co-exposure-evoked hepato-renal toxicity in BALB/c mice. In the current investigation, increased oxidative stress in metal intoxicated groups was confirmed by elevated peroxidation of the lipids and significant lowering of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Altered hepato-renal serum markers, DNA fragmentation, and histological alterations were also detected in the metal-treated groups. Present study revealed that Cd is a stronger toxicant than Ni and when co-exposure was administered, additive, sub-additive, and detrimental effects were observed. Prophylactic treatment with TA significantly reinstated the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), non-enzymatic, and enzymatic antioxidants. Moreover, it also restored the serum biomarker levels, DNA damage, and histoarchitecture of the given tissues. TA due to its metal chelating and anti-oxidative properties exhibited cyto- and genoprotective potential against Cd-Ni co-exposure-induced hepatic and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sharma
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Pooja Devi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Surbhi Kaushal
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, 174103
| | - Aitizaz Ul-Ahsan
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Sweety Mehra
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Muskan Budhwar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Mani Chopra
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, 160014.
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Baos R, Tanferna A, Blas J, Jiménez B, González MJ, Hiraldo F, Sergio F. Metal and arsenic contamination of a terrestrial top-predator, the black kite (Milvus migrans), after the Aznalcóllar mine spill (southwestern Spain): Temporal trends and fitness consequences. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 956:177291. [PMID: 39477118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/10/2024]
Abstract
Top-predators serve as sentinels of ecosystem health due to their sensitivity to environmental contamination. However, our understanding on how contaminants affect individual fitness is still scarce, especially for long-lived species. Here, we measured blood concentrations of 4 metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and one metalloid (As) in black kite (Milvus migrans) adults from Doñana National Park (SW Spain) following a major mine spill. Besides temporal variation (1998-2001) in metal and As concentrations, we tested how metal and As profiles changed across individuals in relation to their sex, age or breeding status, and examined whether metal and As concentrations affected individuals' fitness (breeding success and mortality). We found that, overall, blood concentrations of Pb, Cd and As increased throughout the study period in black kites, mirroring the progressive increase previously reported for their main prey. Both sex (Cu and Zn) and breeding status (Zn and Pb) affected element concentrations. Non-breeding (floater) females had higher levels of Zn than their breeding counterparts. The same pattern of higher contamination in floaters was observed for Pb, which might be related to differences in diet and foraging activity between breeders and floaters. The percentage of the individuals with Pb concentrations that exceeded toxicity thresholds (> 200 μg/L) was relatively high (15.4 %). Moreover, Pb concentrations were negatively correlated to males' breeding success. We found no clear evidence to support metal and As effects on survival or life expectancy after accounting for environmental and individual sources of variation. Our results highlight the importance of long-term studies of marked individuals in wild populations; detailed knowledge of ecological processes relevant to these populations, combined with measures of contaminant exposure at individual level, provides opportunities to enhance our understanding of its fitness effects and potential demographic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Baos
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Alessandro Tanferna
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Julio Blas
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José González
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Hiraldo
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Sergio
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain.
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Abrantes N, Pereira JL, González ABM, Campos I, Navarro I, de la Torre A, Martínez MÁ, Osman R, Khurshid C, Harkes P, Lwanga EH, Alcon F, Contreras J, Baldi I, Bureau M, Alaoui A, Christ F, Mandrioli D, Sgargi D, Pasković I, Pasković MP, Glavan M, Hofman J, Norgaard T, Aparicio V, Silva V. Towards a comprehensive methodology for ecotoxicological assessment: Prioritizing plant protection products for mixture testing in edge-of-field surface waterbodies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 956:177322. [PMID: 39489438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide applications in agriculture result in complex mixtures of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) in the environment. The ecotoxicological effects of these mixtures can occur at concentrations considered safe for individual chemicals, indicating potential risks underestimated by current regulatory assessments focused on individual active ingredients. To address this challenge, our study introduces a methodology for identifying priority PPPs for formulating mixtures, enabling further ecotoxicological testing in water and sediment compartments of edge-of-field surface water bodies, targeting pelagic and benthic organisms. This methodology was primarily based on the actual quantification of PPPs present in these compartments from selected case study sites (CSSs) in Europe and Argentina (11 and 4 for water and sediments, respectively). A conceptual framework was developed that discriminates and selects concerning PPPs based on their individual risk quotient and frequency of occurrence in each CSS, drawing upon two EU regulatory risk assessment approaches, i.e., the general approach under REACH for any environmental contaminant of concern - the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) approach; and that specifically focusing on PPPs - the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) approach. Irrespective of whether the focus is on water or sediments, the study revealed disparities in PPP rankings depending on the approach used to identify PPPs of concern, with the ECHA approach being more conservative than the EFSA approach. Despite this, the EFSA approach follows a more standardized assessment factor definition strategy, potentially allowing avoidance of risk overestimation, as well as resulting in a more balanced representation of different PPP classes for subsequent mixtures testing. Overall, the methodological development reported herein, along with the inconsistencies found when comparing different regulatory approaches to assess the risk of environmental contaminants, highlight the need for further discussion on the most appropriate directions towards the standardization of the regulatory risk assessment of PPP mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | - Ana-Belén Muñiz González
- CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; cDepartment of Physics, Mathematics, and Fluids, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Irene Navarro
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián de la Torre
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rima Osman
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Chrow Khurshid
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Francisco Alcon
- Agricultural Engineering School, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Josefa Contreras
- Agricultural Engineering School, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Bureau
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Abdallah Alaoui
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Christ
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Daria Sgargi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Italy
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Marija Polić Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Matjaž Glavan
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Trine Norgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Virginia Aparicio
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
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8
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Guttmann N, Wolinska J, Spahr S, Martínez-Ruiz EB. Cigarette butts enable toxigenic cyanobacteria growth by inhibiting their lethal fungal infections. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 286:117149. [PMID: 39383821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette butts (CBs), of which around 4.5 trillion are discarded annually, are one of the most common types of litter worldwide. CBs contain various chemicals, including metals, nicotine, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which can leach into water and pose a threat to aquatic organisms such as cyanobacteria and chytrid fungi. Chytrids, zoosporic fungi that parasitize cyanobacteria lethally, play a crucial role in regulating cyanobacteria blooms by delaying or suppressing bloom formation. Despite the prevalence of CBs in the environment, the impact of their leachates on cyanobacteria-chytrid interactions is not well understood. We assessed the effects of CB leachate on the interaction between the toxigenic cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii and its chytrid parasite Rhizophydium megarrhizum. CB leachate inhibited cyanobacterial growth in uninfected cultures. Infection prevalence decreased at 0.2, 2, and 10 CB L-1, with the two highest concentrations completely suppressing infection. Interestingly, at the highest CB concentration, cyanobacterial biomass in infected cultures was comparable to that of uninfected cultures not exposed to CB leachate, suggesting that the presence of chytrids mitigates the impact of the leachate. This study demonstrates that CB leachates are a potential environmental hazard that can enable cyanobacterial growth by inhibiting chytrid infections during epidemics. In addition, our research highlights the importance of assessing the effects of chemical mixtures, such as those leached from CBs, on multi-species interactions, such as host-parasite dynamics. These assessments are crucial to better understand the impact of pollutants on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Guttmann
- Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Spahr
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Erika Berenice Martínez-Ruiz
- Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany.
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Kim H, Kim SD. Pesticides in wastewater treatment plant effluents in the Yeongsan River Basin, Korea: Occurrence and environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174388. [PMID: 38969125 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are among the main drivers posing risks to aquatic environments, with effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving as a major source. This study aimed to identify the primary pesticides for which there was a risk of release into aquatic environments through WWTP effluents, thereby enabling more effective contamination management in public water bodies. In this study, monitoring, risk assessment, and risk-based prioritization of 87 pesticides in effluents from three WWTPs in the Yeongsan River Basin, Korea, were conducted. A total of 59 pesticides were detected at concentrations from 0.852 ng/L to 82.044 μg/L and exhibited variable patterns across different WWTP locations. An environmental risk assessment based on the risk quotient (RQ) of individual pesticides identified 13 substances implicated in significant ecotoxicological risks, as they exceeded RQ values of 1 at least once. An optimized risk (RQf)-based prioritization, considering the frequency of the measured environmental concentration (MEC) exceeding the predicted environmental concentration (PNEC), was conducted to identify pesticides that potentially posed risks and thus should be managed as a priority. Four pesticides had an RQf value >1; metribuzin exhibited the highest RQf value of 4.951, followed by 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, atrazin-2-hydroxy, and atrazine. Additionally, five pesticides (terbuthylazine, methabenzthiazuron, diuron, thiacloprid, and fipronil) and another four pesticides (propazine, imidacloprid, hexaconazole, and hexazione) had RQf values >0.1 and > 0.01, respectively. By calculating the contributions of individual pesticides to the RQf of these mixtures (RQf, mix) based on the concentration addition model, it was determined that >95 % of the sum of RQf, mix was driven by the top seven pesticides. These findings highlight the importance of prioritizing pesticides for effective management of contamination sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Don Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Brumovský M, Kohoutek J, Løken KB, Sáňka O, Sørensen K, Nizzetto L. Monitoring of current-use pesticides along a Europe-Arctic transect using ships of opportunity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135459. [PMID: 39137552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the occurrence and fate of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in coastal and open marine waters is essential for conducting exposure and risk assessments to ensure the protection of marine ecosystems from chemical pollution. While CUPs have been frequently studied in freshwater systems, knowledge of their behavior in marine environments remains fragmentary. This study investigated 28 CUPs across 50 sites along a transect from the Baltic outflow to pristine Arctic waters using ships of opportunity with installed FerryBox system. Overall, 14 CUPs were detected at least at one site at concentrations ranging from sub-ng/L to ng/L. CUP concentrations were higher in the Baltic outflow and decreased along the transect. Atrazine, simazine, tebuconazole, and propiconazole were detected in > 40 % of samples, including remote open sea regions, suggesting their potential for long-range marine transport. This Baltic Sea was identified as a major source of CUPs to connected marine systems. Additional CUPs were detected in the Baltic outflow, encompassing diuron, isoproturon, metazachlor, metolachlor, pyrazon, terbuthylazine, and chlortoluron. Ecotoxicological assessment indicated a moderate risk posed by metolachlor to algae. The use of the described infrastructure holds great promise for advancing our understanding of the occurrence and fate of CUPs in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondřej Sáňka
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kai Sørensen
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
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11
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Strand D, Lundgren B, Bergdahl IA, Martin JW, Karlsson O. Personalized mixture toxicity testing: A proof-of-principle in vitro study evaluating the steroidogenic effects of reconstructed contaminant mixtures measured in blood of individual adults. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 192:108991. [PMID: 39299052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Chemical risk assessments typically focus on single substances, often overlooking real-world co-exposures to chemical mixtures. Mixture toxicology studies using representative mixtures can reveal potential chemical interactions, but these do not account for the unique chemical profiles that occur in the blood of diverse individuals. Here we used the H295R steroidogenesis assay to screen personalized mixtures of 24 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for cytotoxicity and endocrine disruption. Each mixture was reconstructed at a human exposure relevant concentration (1×), as well as at 10- and 100-fold higher concentration (10×, 100×) by acoustic liquid handling based on measured blood concentrations in a Swedish cohort. Among the twelve mixtures tested, nine mixtures decreased the cell viability by 4-18%, primarily at the highest concentration. While the median and maximum mixtures based on the whole study population induced no measurable effects on steroidogenesis at any concentration, the personalized mixture from an individual with the lowest total POPs concentration was the only mixture that affected estradiol synthesis (35% increase at the 100× concentration). Mixtures reconstructed from blood levels of three different individuals stimulated testosterone synthesis at the 1× (11-15%) and 10× concentrations (12-16%), but not at the 100× concentration. This proof-of-principle personalized toxicity study illustrates that population-based representative chemical mixtures may not adequately account for the toxicological risks posed to individuals. It highlights the importance of testing a range of real-world mixtures at relevant concentrations to explore potential interactions and non-monotonic effects. Further toxicological studies of personalized contaminant mixtures could improve chemical risk assessment and advance the understanding of human health, as chemical exposome data become increasingly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Strand
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundgren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Biochemical and Cellular Assay Unit, Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Ingvar A Bergdahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå 901 85 Sweden
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden.
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden.
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12
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Beisl J, Jochum K, Chen Y, Varga E, Marko D. Combinatory Effects of Acrylamide and Deoxynivalenol on In Vitro Cell Viability and Cytochrome P450 Enzymes of Human HepaRG Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:389. [PMID: 39330847 PMCID: PMC11436166 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16090389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) can be formed during the thermal processing of carbohydrate-rich foods. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp., contaminates many cereal-based products. In addition to potential co-exposure through a mixed diet, co-occurrence of AA and DON in thermally processed cereal-based products is also likely, posing the question of combinatory toxicological effects. In the present study, the effects of AA (0.001-3 mM) and DON (0.1-30 µM) on the cytotoxicity, gene transcription, and expression of major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes were investigated in differentiated human hepatic HepaRG cells. In the chosen ratios of AA-DON (10:1; 100:1), cytotoxicity was clearly driven by DON and no overadditive effects were observed. Using quantitative real-time PCR, about twofold enhanced transcript levels of CYP1A1 were observed at low DON concentrations (0.3 and 1 µM), reflected by an increase in CYP1A activity in the EROD assay. In contrast, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 gene transcription decreased in a concentration-dependent manner after incubation with DON (0.01-0.3 µM). Nevertheless, confocal microscopy showed comparably constant protein levels. The present study provided no indication of an induction of CYP2E1 as a critical step in AA bioactivation by co-occurrence with DON. Taken together, the combination of AA and DON showed no clear physiologically relevant interaction in HepaRG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Beisl
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Jochum
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Unit Food Hygiene and Technology, Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinarplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Motsinger-Reif AA, Reif DM, Akhtari FS, House JS, Campbell CR, Messier KP, Fargo DC, Bowen TA, Nadadur SS, Schmitt CP, Pettibone KG, Balshaw DM, Lawler CP, Newton SA, Collman GW, Miller AK, Merrick BA, Cui Y, Anchang B, Harmon QE, McAllister KA, Woychik R. Gene-environment interactions within a precision environmental health framework. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100591. [PMID: 38925123 PMCID: PMC11293590 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in disease etiology and the role of gene-environment interactions (GEIs) across human development stages is important. We review the state of GEI research, including challenges in measuring environmental factors and advantages of GEI analysis in understanding disease mechanisms. We discuss the evolution of GEI studies from candidate gene-environment studies to genome-wide interaction studies (GWISs) and the role of multi-omics in mediating GEI effects. We review advancements in GEI analysis methods and the importance of large-scale datasets. We also address the translation of GEI findings into precision environmental health (PEH), showcasing real-world applications in healthcare and disease prevention. Additionally, we highlight societal considerations in GEI research, including environmental justice, the return of results to participants, and data privacy. Overall, we underscore the significance of GEI for disease prediction and prevention and advocate for integrating the exposome into PEH omics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - David M Reif
- Predictive Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Farida S Akhtari
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John S House
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Ryan Campbell
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kyle P Messier
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Predictive Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David C Fargo
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tiffany A Bowen
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Srikanth S Nadadur
- Exposure, Response, and Technology Branch, Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles P Schmitt
- Office of the Scientific Director, Office of Data Science, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristianna G Pettibone
- Program Analysis Branch, Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David M Balshaw
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cindy P Lawler
- Genes, Environment, and Health Branch, Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shelia A Newton
- Office of Scientific Coordination, Planning and Evaluation, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gwen W Collman
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Office of Scientific Coordination, Planning and Evaluation, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aubrey K Miller
- Office of Scientific Coordination, Planning and Evaluation, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B Alex Merrick
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Exposure, Response, and Technology Branch, Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benedict Anchang
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Quaker E Harmon
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly A McAllister
- Genes, Environment, and Health Branch, Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rick Woychik
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
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14
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Boamah B, Morse C, Siciliano S, Hogan N, Hecker M, Hanson M, Campbell P, Peters R, Al-Dissi AN, Olver TD, Weber L. Impaired memory in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to complex groundwater mixtures of contaminants is associated with reduced cranial blood flow and hippocampal neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:288-296. [PMID: 38992737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to industrial contaminants has been implicated in neurobehavioral toxicity in humans. To explore this potential risk, we investigated the neurotoxic effects of oral exposure to a complex groundwater mixture containing petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, heavy metals, and unknown parent and breakdown products using male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into six groups and orally exposed daily via drinking water to: (i) tap water, (ii) 10 % v/v low impact groundwater, and (iii) 0.01 %, 0.1 %, 1 %, and 10 % high-impact groundwater for 60 days. Medium- and long-term memory (measured using the novel object recognition task) were impaired. However, no gross motor or coordination deficits were observed by the end of the study period (rotarod test). Doppler ultrasound of the middle cerebral and common carotid arteries was performed to examine the hemodynamic changes. The common carotid blood flow decreased in the groundwater-exposed rats compared to that in the control. However, no significant differences in cerebral blood velocity were observed between the exposed and control groups. A significant reduction in hippocampal serotonin levels was observed in groundwater-exposed rats relative to that in the control group. Collectively, these results indicate that impaired recognition memory in rats exposed to groundwater is accompanied by reduced cranial blood flow and hippocampal neurotoxicity, characterized by altered serotonergic signalling. The levels of detected contaminants known to cause neural or vascular damage were of magnitudes lower than the concentrations of contaminants found in the groundwater mixture, meaning the culprit chemical identity remains unknown. This study emphasizes the need to use whole mixture in exposures when dealing with complex contaminated sites rather than the use of individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Boamah
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - C Morse
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - S Siciliano
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - N Hogan
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - M Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - M Hanson
- Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - R Peters
- Federated Co-operatives Limited, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A N Al-Dissi
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - T D Olver
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - L Weber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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15
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Misiewicz A, Filipiak ZM, Kadyrova K, Bednarska AJ. Combined effects of three insecticides with different modes of action on biochemical responses of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142233. [PMID: 38705404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Bees are simultaneously exposed to a variety of pesticides, which are often applied in mixtures and can cause lethal and sublethal effects. The combined effects of pesticides, however, are not measured in the current risk assessment schemes. Additionally, the sublethal effects of pesticides on a variety of physiological processes are poorly recognized in bees, especially in non-Apis solitary bees. In this study, we used a full-factorial design to examine the main and interactive effects of three insecticide formulations with different modes of action (Mospilan 20 SP, Sherpa 100 EC, and Dursban 480 EC) on bee biochemical processes. We measured acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and esterase (EST) activities, as well as a nonenzymatic biomarker associated with energy metabolism, i.e., ATP level. All studied endpoints were affected by Sherpa 100 EC, and the activities of AChE and EST as well as ATP levels were affected by Dursban 480 EC. Moreover, complex interactions between all three insecticides affected ATP levels, showing outcomes that cannot be predicted when testing each insecticide separately. The results indicate that even if interactive effects are sometimes difficult to interpret, there is a need to study such interactions if laboratory-generated toxicity data are to be extrapolated to field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Misiewicz
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna M Filipiak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Kadyrova
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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16
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Limbu S, Glasgow E, Block T, Dakshanamurthy S. A Machine-Learning-Driven Pathophysiology-Based New Approach Method for the Dose-Dependent Assessment of Hazardous Chemical Mixtures and Experimental Validations. TOXICS 2024; 12:481. [PMID: 39058133 PMCID: PMC11281031 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals, such as PFAS, exist as mixtures and are frequently encountered at varying concentrations, which can lead to serious health effects, such as cancer. Therefore, understanding the dose-dependent toxicity of chemical mixtures is essential for health risk assessment. However, comprehensive methods to assess toxicity and identify the mechanisms of these harmful mixtures are currently absent. In this study, the dose-dependent toxicity assessments of chemical mixtures are performed in three methodologically distinct phases. In the first phase, we evaluated our machine-learning method (AI-HNN) and pathophysiology method (CPTM) for predicting toxicity. In the second phase, we integrated AI-HNN and CPTM to establish a comprehensive new approach method (NAM) framework called AI-CPTM that is targeted at refining prediction accuracy and providing a comprehensive understanding of toxicity mechanisms. The third phase involved experimental validations of the AI-CPTM predictions. Initially, we developed binary, multiclass classification, and regression models to predict binary, categorical toxicity, and toxic potencies using nearly a thousand experimental mixtures. This empirical dataset was expanded with assumption-based virtual mixtures, compensating for the lack of experimental data and broadening the scope of the dataset. For comparison, we also developed machine-learning models based on RF, Bagging, AdaBoost, SVR, GB, KR, DT, KN, and Consensus methods. The AI-HNN achieved overall accuracies of over 80%, with the AUC exceeding 90%. In the final phase, we demonstrated the superior performance and predictive capability of AI-CPTM, including for PFAS mixtures and their interaction effects, through rigorous literature and statistical validations, along with experimental dose-response zebrafish-embryo toxicity assays. Overall, the AI-CPTM approach significantly improves upon the limitations of standalone AI models, showing extensive enhancements in identifying toxic chemicals and mixtures and their mechanisms. This study is the first to develop a hybrid NAM that integrates AI with a pathophysiology method to comprehensively predict chemical-mixture toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3700 O St. NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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17
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Martyniuk V, Matskiv T, Yunko K, Khoma V, Gnatyshyna L, Faggio C, Stoliar O. Reductive stress and cytotoxicity in the swollen river mussel (Unio tumidus) exposed to microplastics and salinomycin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:123724. [PMID: 38462197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Multistress effects lead to unpredicted consequences in aquatic ecotoxicology and are extremely concerning. The goal of this study was to trace how specific effects of the antibiotic salinomycin (Sal) and microplastics (MP) on the bivalve molluscs are manifested in the combined environmentally relevant exposures. Unio tumidus specimens were treated with Sal (0.6 μg L-1), MP (1 mg L-1, 2 μm size), and both at 18 °C (Mix) and 25 °C (MixT) for 14 days. The redox stress and apoptotic enzyme responses and the balance of Zn/Cu in the digestive gland were analyzed. The shared signs of stress included a decrease in NAD+/NADH and Zn/Cu ratios and lysosomal integrity and an increase in Zn-metallothioneins and cholinesterase levels. MP caused a decrease in the glutathione (GSH) concentration and redox state, total antioxidant capacity, and Zn levels. MP and Mix induced coordinated apoptotic/autophagy activities, increasing caspase-3 and cathepsin D (CtD) total and extralysosomal levels. Sal activated caspase-3 only and increased by five times Cu level in the tissue. Due to the discriminant analysis, the cumulative effect was evident in the combined exposure at 18 °C. However, under heating, the levels of NAD+, NADH, GSH, GSH/GSSG and metallothionein-related thiols were decreased, and coordination of the cytosolic and lysosomal death stimuli was distorted, confirming that heating and pollution could exert unexpected synergistic effects on aquatic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Martyniuk
- Department of Chemistry and Methods of Its Teaching, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine.
| | - Tetiana Matskiv
- Department of Chemistry and Methods of Its Teaching, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine; Department of General Chemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli, 1, Ternopil, 46001, Ukraine.
| | - Kateryna Yunko
- Department of Chemistry and Methods of Its Teaching, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine.
| | - Vira Khoma
- Department of Research of Materials, Substances and Products, Ternopil Scientific Research Forensic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, St. Budny, 48, Ternopil, 46020, Ukraine.
| | - Lesya Gnatyshyna
- Department of General Chemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli, 1, Ternopil, 46001, Ukraine.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, S. Agata, Messina, 31-98166, Italy; Department of Eco-sustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
| | - Oksana Stoliar
- Department of Chemistry and Methods of Its Teaching, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, S. Agata, Messina, 31-98166, Italy.
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18
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Lahens L, Cabana H, Huot Y, Segura PA. Trace organic contaminants in lake waters: Occurrence and environmental risk assessment at the national scale in Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123764. [PMID: 38490528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Numerous contaminants are produced and used daily, a significant fraction ultimately finding their way into natural waters. However, data on their distribution in lakes is lacking. To address this gap, the presence of 54 trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), representative of various human activities, was investigated in the surface water of 290 lakes across Canada. These lakes ranged from remote to highly impacted by human activities. In 88% of the sampled lakes, contaminants were detected, with up to 28 detections in a single lake. The compounds most frequently encountered were atrazine, cotinine, and deethylatrazine, each of which was present in more than a third of the lakes. The range of detected concentrations was from 0.23 ng/L to about 2200 ng/L for individual compounds, while the maximum cumulative concentration exceeded 8100 ng/L in a single lake. A risk assessment based on effect concentrations for three aquatic species (Pimephales promelas, Daphnia magna, and Tetrahymena pyriformis) was conducted, revealing that 6% of lakes exhibited a high potential risk for at least one species. In 59% of lakes, some contaminants with potential sub-lethal effects were detected, with the detection of up to 17 TrOCs with potential impacts. The results of this work provide the first reference point for monitoring the evolution of contamination in Canadian lakes by TrOCs. They demonstrate that a high proportion of the sampled lakes bear an environmentally relevant anthropogenic chemical footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lahens
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur l'Eau de l'Université de Sherbrooke (GREAUS, Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Groupe de Recherche sur l'Eau de l'Université de Sherbrooke (GREAUS, Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Yannick Huot
- Department of Applied Geomatics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro A Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur l'Eau de l'Université de Sherbrooke (GREAUS, Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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19
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Colvin VC, Bramer LM, Rivera BN, Pennington JM, Waters KM, Tilton SC. Modeling PAH Mixture Interactions in a Human In Vitro Organotypic Respiratory Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4326. [PMID: 38673911 PMCID: PMC11050152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant challenges in human health risk assessment is to evaluate hazards from exposure to environmental chemical mixtures. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous contaminants typically found as mixtures in gaseous and particulate phases in ambient air pollution associated with petrochemicals from Superfund sites and the burning of fossil fuels. However, little is understood about how PAHs in mixtures contribute to toxicity in lung cells. To investigate mixture interactions and component additivity from environmentally relevant PAHs, two synthetic mixtures were created from PAHs identified in passive air samplers at a legacy creosote site impacted by wildfires. The primary human bronchial epithelial cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface were treated with PAH mixtures at environmentally relevant proportions and evaluated for the differential expression of transcriptional biomarkers related to xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress response, barrier integrity, and DNA damage response. Component additivity was evaluated across all endpoints using two independent action (IA) models with and without the scaling of components by toxic equivalence factors. Both IA models exhibited trends that were unlike the observed mixture response and generally underestimated the toxicity across dose suggesting the potential for non-additive interactions of components. Overall, this study provides an example of the usefulness of mixture toxicity assessment with the currently available methods while demonstrating the need for more complex yet interpretable mixture response evaluation methods for environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C. Colvin
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- OSU/PNNL Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lisa M. Bramer
- OSU/PNNL Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Brianna N. Rivera
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- OSU/PNNL Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jamie M. Pennington
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- OSU/PNNL Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Susan C. Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- OSU/PNNL Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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20
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Zuo W, Zhao Y, Qi P, Zhang C, Zhao X, Wu S, An X, Liu X, Cheng X, Yu Y, Tang T. Current-use pesticides monitoring and ecological risk assessment in vegetable soils at the provincial scale. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118023. [PMID: 38145733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides represent one of the largest intentional inputs of potentially hazardous compounds into agricultural soils. However, as an important vegetable producing country, surveys on pesticide residues in soils of vegetable production areas are scarce in China. This study presented the occurrence, spatial distribution, correlation between vegetable types and pesticides, and ecological risk evaluation of 94 current-use pesticides in 184 soil samples from vegetable production areas of Zhejiang province (China). The ecological risks of pesticides to soil biota were evaluated with toxicity exposure ratios (TERs) and risk quotient (RQ). The pesticide concentrations varied largely from below the limit of quantification to 20703.06 μg/kg (chlorpyrifos). The situation of pesticide residues in Jiaxing is more serious than in other cities. Soils in the vegetable areas are highly diverse in pesticide combinations. Eisenia fetida suffered exposure risk from multiple pesticides. The risk posed by chlorpyrifos, which exhibited the highest RQs at all scenarios, was worrisome. Only a few pesticides accounted for the overall risk of a city, while the other pesticides make little or zero contribution. This work will guide the appropriate use of pesticides and manage soil ecological risks, achieving green agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chunrong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xuehua An
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xinju Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Management Station, Hangzhou 310020, China.
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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21
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Tkalec Ž, Antignac JP, Bandow N, Béen FM, Belova L, Bessems J, Le Bizec B, Brack W, Cano-Sancho G, Chaker J, Covaci A, Creusot N, David A, Debrauwer L, Dervilly G, Duca RC, Fessard V, Grimalt JO, Guerin T, Habchi B, Hecht H, Hollender J, Jamin EL, Klánová J, Kosjek T, Krauss M, Lamoree M, Lavison-Bompard G, Meijer J, Moeller R, Mol H, Mompelat S, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Oberacher H, Parinet J, Van Poucke C, Roškar R, Togola A, Trontelj J, Price EJ. Innovative analytical methodologies for characterizing chemical exposure with a view to next-generation risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108585. [PMID: 38521044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The chemical burden on the environment and human population is increasing. Consequently, regulatory risk assessment must keep pace to manage, reduce, and prevent adverse impacts on human and environmental health associated with hazardous chemicals. Surveillance of chemicals of known, emerging, or potential future concern, entering the environment-food-human continuum is needed to document the reality of risks posed by chemicals on ecosystem and human health from a one health perspective, feed into early warning systems and support public policies for exposure mitigation provisions and safe and sustainable by design strategies. The use of less-conventional sampling strategies and integration of full-scan, high-resolution mass spectrometry and effect-directed analysis in environmental and human monitoring programmes have the potential to enhance the screening and identification of a wider range of chemicals of known, emerging or potential future concern. Here, we outline the key needs and recommendations identified within the European Partnership for Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) project for leveraging these innovative methodologies to support the development of next-generation chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Tkalec
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Nicole Bandow
- German Environment Agency, Laboratory for Water Analysis, Colditzstraße 34, 12099 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frederic M Béen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Chemistry for Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Lidia Belova
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Jos Bessems
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.
| | | | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | - Jade Chaker
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- INRAE, French National Research Institute For Agriculture, Food & Environment, UR1454 EABX, Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHub, Gazinet Cestas, France.
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 1 Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory of Fougères, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 35306 Fougères, France.
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Thierry Guerin
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Strategy and Programs Department, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Baninia Habchi
- INRS, Département Toxicologie et Biométrologie Laboratoire Biométrologie 1, rue du Morvan - CS 60027 - 54519, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
| | - Helge Hecht
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology - Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Martin Krauss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Chemistry for Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gwenaelle Lavison-Bompard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Pesticides and Marine Biotoxins Unit, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Jeroen Meijer
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Chemistry for Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruth Moeller
- Unit Medical Expertise and Data Intelligence, Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 1 Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research - Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sophie Mompelat
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory of Fougères, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 35306 Fougères, France.
| | - An Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 1 Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Insbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Julien Parinet
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Pesticides and Marine Biotoxins Unit, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Christof Van Poucke
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries And Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
| | - Robert Roškar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Slovenia.
| | - Anne Togola
- BRGM, 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans, France.
| | | | - Elliott J Price
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Battaglin W, Bradley P, Weissinger R, Blackwell B, Cavallin J, Villeneuve D, DeCicco L, Kinsey J. Changes in chemical occurrence, concentration, and bioactivity in the Colorado River before and after replacement of the Moab, Utah wastewater treatment plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166231. [PMID: 37586530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-term (2010-19) water-quality monitoring on the Colorado River downstream from Moab Utah indicated the persistent presence of Bioactive Chemicals (BC), such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals. This stream reach near Canyonlands National Park provides critical habitat for federally endangered species. The Moab wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfall discharges to the Colorado River and is the nearest potential point-source to this reach. The original WWTP was replaced in 2018. In 2016-19, a study was completed to determine if the new plant reduced BC input to the Colorado River at, and downstream from, the outfall. Water samples were collected before and after the plant replacement at sites upstream and downstream from the outfall. Samples were analyzed for as many as 243 pesticides, 109 pharmaceuticals, 20 hormones, 51 wastewater indicator chemicals, 20 metals, and 8 nutrients. BC concentrations, hazard quotients (HQs), and exposure activity ratios (EARs) were used to identify and prioritize contaminants for their potential to have adverse biological effects on the health of native and endangered wildlife. There were 22 BC with HQs >1, mostly metals and hormones; and 23 BC with EARs >0.1, mostly hormones and pharmaceuticals. Most high HQs or EARs were associated with samples collected at the WWTP outfall site prior to its replacement. Discharge from the new plant had reduced concentrations of nutrients, hormones, pharmaceuticals, and other BC. For example, all 16 of the hormones detected at the WWTP outfall site had maximum concentrations in samples collected prior to the WWTP replacement. The WWTP replacement had less effect on instream concentrations of metals and pesticides, BC whose sources are less directly tied to domestic wastewater. Study results indicate that improved WWTP technology can create substantial reductions in concentrations of non-regulated BC such as pharmaceuticals, in addition to regulated contaminants such as nutrients.
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23
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Huertas-Abril PV, Jurado J, Prieto-Álamo MJ, García-Barrera T, Abril N. Proteomic analysis of the hepatic response to a pollutant mixture in mice. The protective action of selenium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166558. [PMID: 37633382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Metals and pharmaceuticals contaminate water and food worldwide, forming mixtures where they can interact to enhance their individual toxicity. Here we use a shotgun proteomic approach to evaluate the toxicity of a pollutant mixture (PM) of metals (As, Cd, Hg) and pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, flumequine) on mice liver proteostasis. These pollutants are abundant in the environment, accumulate in the food chain, and are toxic to humans primarily through oxidative damage. Thus, we also evaluated the putative antagonistic effect of low-dose dietary supplementation with the antioxidant trace element selenium. A total of 275 proteins were affected by PM treatment. Functional analyses revealed an increased abundance of proteins involved in the integrated stress response that promotes translation, the inflammatory response, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and the sustained expression of the antioxidative response mediated by NRF2. As a consequence, a reductive stress situation arises in the cell that inhibits the RICTOR pathway, thus activating the early stage of autophagy, impairing xenobiotic metabolism, and potentiating lipid biosynthesis and steatosis. PM exposure-induced hepato-proteostatic alterations were significantly reduced in Se supplemented mice, suggesting that the use of this trace element as a dietary supplement may at least partially ameliorate liver damage caused by exposure to environmental mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula V Huertas-Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Jurado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-José Prieto-Álamo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health, and the Environment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus El Carmen, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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24
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Elskens M, Boonen I, Eisenreich S. Prediction and assessment of xenoestrogens mixture effects using the in vitro ERα-CALUX assay. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1252847. [PMID: 38143908 PMCID: PMC10739317 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1252847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Many natural or synthetic compounds used in foods, dietary supplements, and food contact materials (FCMs) are suspected endocrine disruptors (EDs). Currently, scientific evidence to predict the impacts on biological systems of ED mixtures is lacking. In this study, three classes of substances were considered: i) phytoestrogens, ii) plant protection products (PPP) and iii) substances related to FCMs. Fourteen compounds were selected based on their potential endocrine activity and their presence in food and FCMs. Methods: These compounds were evaluated using an in vitro gene expression assay, the ERα-CALUX, to characterize their responses on the estrogen receptor alpha. Cells were exposed to fixed ratio mixtures and non-equipotent mixtures of full and partial agonists. The concentration-response curves measured for the three classes of compounds were characterized by variable geometric parameters in terms of maximum response (efficacy), sensitivity (slope) and potency (median effective concentration EC50). To account for these variations, a generic response addition (GRA) model was derived from mass action kinetics. Results: Although GRA does not allow us to clearly separate the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models, it was possible to determine in a statistically robust way whether the combined action of the chemicals in the mixture acted by interaction (synergy and antagonism) or by additive behavior. This distinction is crucial for assessing the risks associated with exposure to xenoestrogens. A benchmark dose approach was used to compare the response of phytoestrogen blends in the presence and absence of the hormone estradiol (E2). At the same time, 12 mixtures of 2-5 constituents including phytoestrogens, phthalates and PPPs in proportions close to those found in food products were tested. In 95% of cases, the response pattern observed showed a joint and independent effect of the chemicals on ER. Discussion: Overall, these results validate a risk assessment approach based on an additive effects model modulated by intrinsic toxicity factors. Here, the CA and IA approaches cannot be distinguished solely based on the shape of the concentration response curves. However, the optimized GRA model is more robust than CA when the efficacy, potency, and sensitivity of individual chemical agonists show large variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Elskens
- Laboratory for Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Imke Boonen
- Laboratory for Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Eisenreich
- Laboratory for Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Schwantes U. Impact of anthropogenous environmental factors on the marine ecosystem of trophically transmitted helminths and hosting seabirds: Focus on North Atlantic, North Sea, Baltic and the Arctic seas. Helminthologia 2023; 60:300-326. [PMID: 38222492 PMCID: PMC10787638 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alongside natural factors, human activities have a major impact on the marine environment and thus influence processes in vulnerable ecosystems. The major purpose of this review is to summarise the current understanding as to how manmade factors influence the marine biocenosis of helminths, their intermediate hosts as well as seabirds as their final hosts. Moreover, it highlights current knowledge gaps regarding this ecosystem, which should be closed in order to gain a more complete understanding of these interactions. This work is primarily focused on helminths parasitizing seabirds of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. The complex life cycles of seabird helminths may be impacted by fishing and aquaculture, as they interfere with the abundance of fish and seabird species, while the latter also affects the geographical distribution of intermediate hosts (marine bivalve and fish species), and may therefore alter the intertwined marine ecosystem. Increasing temperatures and seawater acidification as well as environmental pollutants may have negative or positive effects on different parts of this interactive ecosystem and may entail shifts in the abundance or regional distribution of parasites and/or intermediate and final hosts. Organic pollutants and trace elements may weaken the immune system of the hosting seabirds and hence affect the final host's ability to control the endoparasites. On the other hand, in some cases helminths seem to function as a sink for trace elements resulting in decreased concentrations of heavy metals in birds' tissues. Furthermore, this article also describes the role of helminths in mass mortality events amongst seabird populations, which beside natural causes (weather, viral and bacterial infections) have anthropogenous origin as well (e.g. oil spills, climate change, overfishing and environmental pollution).
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Schwantes
- Verein Jordsand zum Schutz der Seevögel und der Natur e.V., Ahrensburg, Germany
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Signes-Pastor AJ, Notario-Barandiaran L, Guill M, Madan J, Baker E, Jackson B, Karagas MR. Prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and lung function in children from the New Hampshire birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117234. [PMID: 37793590 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to metals/metalloids, even at common US population levels, may pose risks to fetal health, and affect children's lung function. Yet, the combined effects of simultaneous prenatal exposures on children's lung function remain largely unexplored. This study analyzed 11 metals (As speciation, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Zn) in maternal urine during weeks 24-28 of gestation and evaluated lung function, including forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1), in 316 US mother-child pairs at around age 7. We used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), weighted quantile sum regression (WQSR), and multiple linear regression to examine the association between metal mixture exposure and children's lung function, adjusting for maternal smoking, child age, sex, and height. In BKMR models assessing combined exposure effects, limited evidence of metal non-linearity or interactions was found. Nevertheless, Co, As species, and Pb showed a negative association, while Mo exhibited a positive association with children's FVC and FEV1, with other metals held constant at their medians. The weighted index, from WQSR analysis assessing the cumulative impact of all metals, highlighted prenatal Mo with the highest positive weight, and Co, As, and Sb with the most substantial negative weights on children's FVC and FEV1. Urinary Co and Pb were negatively associated with FVC (β = -0.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-0.18; -0.01) and β = -0.07, 95% CI (-0.13; 0.00), respectively). Co was also negatively associated with FEV1 (β = -0.09, 95% CI (-0.18; 0.00). There was a negative association between As and FVC, and a positive association between Mo and both FVC and FEV1, though with wide confidence intervals. Our findings suggest that prenatal trace element exposures may impact children's lung function, emphasizing the importance of reducing toxic exposures and maintaining adequate nutrient levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Signes-Pastor
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, NH, USA; Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición. Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Spain.
| | - Leyre Notario-Barandiaran
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, NH, USA; Unidad de Epidemiología de la Nutrición. Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Spain
| | - Margaret Guill
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Juliette Madan
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Emily Baker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Brian Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, NH, USA.
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de Jersey AM, Lavers JL, Zosky GR, Rivers-Auty J. The understudied global experiment of pollution's impacts on wildlife and human health: The ethical imperative for interdisciplinary research. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122459. [PMID: 37633432 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The global impact of pollution on human and wildlife health is a growing concern. The health impacts of pollution are significant and far-reaching yet poorly understood as no one field of research has the practices and methodologies required to encapsulate the diversity of these consequences. This paper advocates that interdisciplinary research is essential to comprehend the full extent of the impact of pollution. Medical and ecological research play a key role in investigating the health consequences of the pollution crisis, yet the wildlife experience is often neglected. This paper outlines how applying advanced techniques and expertise adapted in medical research to wildlife exposed to pollutants offers a unique perspective to understanding the full diversity of impacts to health. The challenges that impede the progress of this research include the lack of support for interdisciplinary research among funding streams, limitations in field-specific techniques, and a lack of communication between researchers from different disciplines. Of awarded funding from major national research councils across Australia, Europe, and the United States of America, only 0.5% is dedicated to pollution focused research. This is inclusive of laboratory equipment, mitigation strategies, quantification of environmental samples and health consequences research. Of that, 0.03% of funding is awarded to explaining the wildlife experience and documenting the health consequences observed despite being model organisms to environmentally and biologically relevant models for pollution exposure. This calls for a coordinated effort to overcome these hurdles and to promote interdisciplinary research in order to fully comprehend the consequences of pollution exposure and protect the health of humans, wildlife, and the environment. An interdisciplinary approach to this problem is timely given the magnitude of negative health consequences associated with exposure, the number of pollutants already present within the environment and the continual development of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix M de Jersey
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Lavers
- Bird Group, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire, HP23 6AP, United Kingdom; Esperance Tjaltjraak Native Title Aboriginal Corporation, 11A Shelden Road, Esperance, Western Australia, 6450, Australia.
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Jack Rivers-Auty
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhu X, Wang Y, Chen J, Sui B, Teng HH. Unraveling the complexities of Cd-aniline composite pollution: Insights from standalone and joint toxicity assessments in a bacterial community. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115509. [PMID: 37742573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and aniline frequently co-occur in industrial settings but have rarely been addressed as composite toxicants in terms of the overall toxicity despite extensive knowledge of the environmental impact of each individual pollutant. In this study, we attempt to assess the relation of individual and combined toxic effects of Cd and aniline using a bacterial consortium cultured from soils as a model system. Results showed that the consortial bacteria exhibited drastically stronger tolerance to stand-alone Cd and aniline in comparison to literature data acquired from single species studies. When occurring simultaneously, the joint toxicity displayed a concentration-dependent behavior that wasn't anticipated based on individual chemical tests. Specifically, additive effects manifested with Cd and aniline at their IC10s, but changed to synergistic when the concentrations increased to IC20, and finally transitioned into antagonistic at IC30s and beyond. In addition, co-occurring aniline appeared to have retarded the cellular accumulation of Cd while increasing the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase relative to that in Cd-alone treatments. Finally, the bacterial community experienced distinct compositional changes under solo and combined toxicities with several genera exhibiting inconsistent behavior between treatments of single and composite toxicants. Findings from this study highlight the complexity of bacterial response to composite pollutions and point to the need for more comprehensive references in risk and toxicology assessment at multi-chemical contamination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Yuebo Wang
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Jiubin Chen
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Biao Sui
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - H Henry Teng
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China.
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Soliman HAM, Salaah SM, Hamed M, Sayed AEDH. Toxicity of co-exposure of microplastics and lead in African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus). Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1279382. [PMID: 37869502 PMCID: PMC10588188 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1279382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging threat to freshwater ecosystems with several ecotoxicological ramifications for fish. Microplastics (MPs) can adsorb heavy metals on their surfaces and increase their availability to aquatic organisms. The combined impact of lead and microplastics on fish has only been studied seldom utilizing a variety of markers. The present study aimed to evaluate the hematological, biochemical, and inflammatory signals (cytokines), as well as antioxidant enzymes in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to lead (Pb) and MPs individually and combined for 15 days (acute toxicity experiment). The fish were split into four groups, the first of which was the control group. The second group received exposure to 1 mg/L of lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2]. The third group was given 100 mg/L of MPs. A solution containing 100 mg/L of MPs and 1 mg/L of lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] was administered to the fourth group (the combination group). According to the findings, when MPs and Pb were combined for 15 days, the red blood cells (RBCs), thrombocytes, and lymphocytes were significantly reduced in comparison to the control fish. When compared to the control fish, the fish exposed to MPs and Pb alone or together showed a significant rise in blood interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokines. Both MPs and Pb exposure in catfish resulted in significant changes in the plasma electrolytes. The fish treated with MPs and Pb individually or in combination showed significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels compared to the control group. The fish exposed to the combined action of MPs and Pb showed a considerable modification in all biochemical markers. The difference in the mean concentration of Pb (mg/L) between the fish exposed to Pb alone and the fish subjected to Pb and MPs combination was not statistically significant. In conclusion, according to this investigation, exposure to Pb caused an insignificant increase in Pb accumulation when MPs were present. However, co-exposure may result in anemia, cellular harm, extremely high levels of oxidative stress, and an inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally M. Salaah
- Fresh Water Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Molecular Biology Research and Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Lesné L, Desdoits-Lethimonier C, Hug E, Costet N, Raffenne L, Toupin M, Evrard B, Kugathas I, Lavoué V, Chalmel F, Jégou B, Mazaud-Guittot S. Antiepileptic drugs are endocrine disruptors for the human fetal testis ex vivo. Toxicol Sci 2023; 195:169-183. [PMID: 37505509 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) has long been the most widely used antiepileptic drug (AED) for the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar psychiatric disorders, and migraine. However, long-term VPA treatment has several adverse effects on the male reproductive system notably on endocrine functions and/or spermatic parameters. In utero exposure of the fetus to VPA is well known to be associated with a higher risk of several congenital malformations including those of male reproductive organs. Subsequent generations of AEDs, such as carbamazepine (CARB) and lamotrigine (LAM), are considered safer and are currently recommended for women of child-bearing age with epilepsy. Because anomalies of the male genital tract mostly result from endocrine imbalance during fetal life, we hypothesized that AEDs could directly impair testis differentiation. We thus aimed at identifying and characterizing the effects of VPA, CARB, and LAM on the differentiation and function of the different testicular cell types, and at understanding the mechanisms underlying these effects. By using ex vivo culture of first-trimester human fetal testes, we show that VPA induces multiple endocrine disruptive effects, compared with the milder ones caused by CARB and LAM. AED also subtly altered the germ cell lineage in distinct manners. Transcriptomic analysis of VPA-induced alterations highlighted a very broad range of effects on the fetal testis. Overall, our results show that AEDs can behave as endocrine disruptors for the human fetal testis ex vivo. This is consistent with, and likely underlies, the VPA-induced male genital tract masculinization abnormalities observed in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Lesné
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christèle Desdoits-Lethimonier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elisa Hug
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Costet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Léo Raffenne
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maryne Toupin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Indusha Kugathas
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Lavoué
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Jégou
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
- EHESP-School of Public Health, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
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Kuo YH, How CM, Huang CW, Yen PL, Yu CW, Chang CH, Liao VHC. Co-contaminants of ethinylestradiol and sulfamethoxazole in groundwater exacerbate ecotoxicity and ecological risk and compromise the energy budget of C. elegans. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106473. [PMID: 36871484 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethinylestradiol (EE2) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) are among pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and regarded as emerging contaminants in groundwater worldwide. However, the ecotoxicity and potential risk of these co-contaminants remain unknown. We investigated the effects of early-life long-term co-exposure to EE2 and SMX in groundwater on life-history traits of Caenorhabditis elegans and determined potential ecological risks in groundwater. L1 larvae of wild-type N2 C. elegans were exposed to measured concentrations of EE2 (0.001, 0.75, 5.1, 11.8 mg/L) or SMX (0.001, 1, 10, 100 mg/L) or co-exposed to EE2 (0.75 mg/L, no observed adverse effect level derived from its reproductive toxicity) and SMX (0.001, 1, 10, 100 mg/L) in groundwater. Growth and reproduction were monitored on days 0 - 6 of the exposure period. Toxicological data were analyzed using DEBtox modeling to determine the physiological modes of action (pMoAs) and the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) to estimate ecological risks posed by EE2 and SMX in global groundwater. Early-life EE2 exposure significantly inhibited the growth and reproduction of C. elegans, with lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) of 11.8 and 5.1 mg/L, respectively. SMX exposure impaired the reproductive capacity of C. elegans (LOAEL = 0.001 mg/L). Co-exposure to EE2 and SMX exacerbated ecotoxicity (LOAELs of 1 mg/L SMX for growth, and 0.001 mg/L SMX for reproduction). DEBtox modeling showed that the pMoAs were increased growth and reproduction costs for EE2 and increased reproduction costs for SMX. The derived PNEC falls within the range of detected environmental levels of EE2 and SMX in groundwater worldwide. The pMoAs for EE2 and SMX combined were increased growth and reproduction costs, resulting in lower energy threshold values than single exposure. Based on global groundwater contamination data and energy threshold values, we calculated risk quotients for EE2 (0.1 - 123.0), SMX (0.2 - 91.3), and combination of EE2 and SMX (0.4 - 341.1). Our findings found that co-contamination by EE2 and SMX exacerbates toxicity and ecological risk to non-target organisms, suggesting that the ecotoxicity and ecological risk of co-contaminants of pharmaceuticals should be considered to sustainably manage groundwater and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun Ming How
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Yen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Wei Yu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Matijević G, Babić S, Maršavelski A, Stipaničev D, Repec S, Čož-Rakovac R, Klobučar G. Estimating risk of cardiovascular pharmaceuticals in freshwaters using zebrafish embryotoxicity test - statins threat revealed. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137574. [PMID: 36528155 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular pharmaceuticals (CVPs) are globally present in inland waters and have also been found in the sediment and plasma of fish from the Sava River, Croatia. Based on the previous research, CVPs amiodarone (AMI), ramipril (RAM), simvastatin (SIM), and verapamil (VER) have been selected for this study. Their effect has been investigated, individually and in a mixture, on the development of the zebrafish embryo Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) within the first 96 h of development. Upon exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of tested CVPs (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) zebrafish survival and development as apparent from observed morphological abnormalities, heartbeat rates and changes in behavior, hatching success, larval length and oxidative stress level were monitored. The CVP causing the highest mortality and pathological changes was SIM (1 and 10 μg/L), which corresponds well with the observed effects during zebrafish exposure to CVPs' mixtures (4 and 40 μg/L). All pharmaceuticals affected cardiac function and decreased heart rate. SIM (1 μg/L), VER and RAM (10 μg/L) decreased larval length, while induced oxidative stress was recorded in the SIM- and VER-exposed specimens. Behavioral alterations of zebrafish were observed only in AMI-treated group (10 μg/L). Our amino acid sequence comparison and structural and docking analysis showed a highly conserved binding site between human and zebrafish HMG-CoA reductase for SIM and its main metabolite simvastatin acid. Using these ecotoxicological bioassays on a zebrafish model with particular emphasis on sublethal endpoints, the risk of CVPs, especially statins, for fish in inland waters has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrijela Matijević
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia; Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Maršavelski
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Draženka Stipaničev
- Croatian Waters, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica Grada Vukovara 220, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siniša Repec
- Croatian Waters, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica Grada Vukovara 220, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia; Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Göran Klobučar
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov Trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Eom H, Kim S, Oh SE. Evaluation of joint toxicity of BTEX mixtures using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116435. [PMID: 36270122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), and xylenes (X) are petrochemicals vital in various industrial and commercial processing but identified as priority pollutants due to their high toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicological nature of BTEX mixtures under controlled laboratory aquatic conditions using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). Results from individual BTEX tests demonstrated that the order of toxicity among BTEX was X ≥ E > T > B. Comparisons of dose-effect curves for BTEX suggest that the biochemical mode of action of B in SOB was different from those of T, E, and X. Toxicological interactions of BTEX in mixtures were studied using concentration addition (CA), independent action (IA), and combination index (CI)-isobologram models. The CI model approximated the actual toxicity of BTEX mixtures better than the CA and IA models. In most cases, BTEX induced synergistic interactions in mixtures. However, in some B-containing mixtures, antagonism was observed at low effective levels. The effective level (fa)-CI plots and polygonograms illustrate that synergistic interactions of BTEX became stronger with an increase in effective levels. In addition, ternary and quaternary mixtures were found to provoke stronger synergism than binary mixtures. The present study suggests that the CI-isobologram model is a suitable means to evaluate diverse toxicological interactions of contaminants in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heonseop Eom
- Department of Civil Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Boamah B, Barnsley S, Finch L, Briens J, Siciliano S, Hogan N, Hecker M, Hanson M, Campbell P, Peters R, Manek A, Al-Dissi AN, Weber L. Target Organ Toxicity in Rats After Subchronic Oral Exposure to Soil Extracts Containing a Complex Mixture of Contaminants. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:85-100. [PMID: 36577861 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Complex mixtures of unknown contaminants present a challenge to identify toxicological risks without using large numbers of animals and labor-intensive screens of all organs. This study examined soil extracts from a legacy-contaminated pesticide packaging and blending site. HepG2 cytotoxicity was used as an initial screen of 18 soil samples; then, three extracts (A, B and C) from different locations at the study site were used for testing in animals. The first two extracts were identified as the most toxic in vitro, and the latter extract obtained from a location further from these two toxic sampling sites. Then, target organ toxicities were identified following biweekly oral gavage for one month of three soil extracts (0.1% in polyethylene glycol or PEG) compared to vehicle control in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 9-10/group). Exposure to extract A significantly increased neutrophils and lymphocytes compared to control. In contrast, all extracts increased plasma α-2 macroglobulin and caused mild-to-moderate lymphocytic proliferation within the spleen white pulp, all indicative of inflammation. Rats exposed to all soil extracts exhibited acute tubular necrosis. Cholinesterase activity was significantly reduced in plasma, but not brain, after exposure to extract A compared to control. Increased hepatic ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity compared to control was observed following exposure to extracts A and B. Exposure to soil extract C in rats showed a prolonged QTc interval in electrocardiography as well as increased brain lipid peroxidation. Candidate contaminants are organochlorine, organophosphate/carbamate pesticides or metabolites. Overall, HepG2 cytotoxicity did not successfully predict the neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity observed with extract C but was more successful with suspected hydrocarbon toxicities in extracts A and B. Caution should be taken when extrapolating the observation of no effects from in vitro cell culture to in vivo toxicity, and better cell culture lines or assays should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Boamah
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - S Barnsley
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - L Finch
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - J Briens
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - S Siciliano
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - N Hogan
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - M Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - M Hanson
- Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - P Campbell
- Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - R Peters
- Federated Co-Operatives Limited, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A Manek
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A N Al-Dissi
- Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - L Weber
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Lazofsky A, Buckley B. Recent Trends in Multiclass Analysis of Emerging Endocrine Disrupting Contaminants (EDCs) in Drinking Water. Molecules 2022; 27:8835. [PMID: 36557967 PMCID: PMC9781274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of water is a major route of human exposure to environmental contaminants. There have been numerous studies exploring the different compounds present in drinking water, with recent attention drawn to a new class of emerging contaminants: endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). EDCs encompass a broad range of physio-chemically diverse compounds; from naturally occurring to manmade. Environmentally, EDCs are found as mixtures containing multiple classes at trace amounts. Human exposure to EDCs, even at low concentrations, is known to lead to adverse health effects. Therefore, the ability to evaluate EDC contamination with a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy is of the utmost importance. This review includes (i) discussion on the perceived and actual risks associated with EDC exposure (ii) regulatory actions that look to limit EDC contamination (iii) analytical methods, including sample preparation, instrumentation and bioassays that have been advanced and employed for multiclass EDC identification and quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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36
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Rivera BN, Ghetu CC, Chang Y, Truong L, Tanguay RL, Anderson KA, Tilton SC. Leveraging Multiple Data Streams for Prioritization of Mixtures for Hazard Characterization. TOXICS 2022; 10:651. [PMID: 36355943 PMCID: PMC9699527 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need to establish alternative approaches for mixture safety assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to limitations with current component-based approaches, and the lack of established methods for using whole mixtures, a promising alternative is to use sufficiently similar mixtures; although, an established framework is lacking. In this study, several approaches are explored to form sufficiently similar mixtures. Multiple data streams including environmental concentrations and empirically and predicted toxicity data for cancer and non-cancer endpoints were used to prioritize chemical components for mixture formations. Air samplers were analyzed for unsubstituted and alkylated PAHs. A synthetic mixture of identified PAHs was created (Creosote-Fire Mix). Existing toxicity values and chemical concentrations were incorporated to identify hazardous components in the Creosote-Fire Mix. Sufficiently similar mixtures of the Creosote-Fire Mix were formed based on (1) relative abundance; (2) toxicity values; and (3) a combination approach incorporating toxicity and abundance. Hazard characterization of these mixtures was performed using high-throughput screening in primary normal human bronchial epithelium (NHBE) and zebrafish. Differences in chemical composition and potency were observed between mixture formation approaches. The toxicity-based approach (Tox Mix) was the most potent mixture in both models. The combination approach (Weighted-Tox Mix) was determined to be the ideal approach due its ability to prioritize chemicals with high exposure and hazard potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan C. Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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37
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Tosi S, Sfeir C, Carnesecchi E, vanEngelsdorp D, Chauzat MP. Lethal, sublethal, and combined effects of pesticides on bees: A meta-analysis and new risk assessment tools. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:156857. [PMID: 35760183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors threaten bee health, a major one being pesticides. Bees are simultaneously exposed to multiple pesticides that can cause both lethal and sublethal effects. Risk assessment and most research on bee health, however, focus on lethal individual effects. Here, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis that summarizes and re-interprets the available qualitative and quantitative information on the lethal, sublethal, and combined toxicity of a comprehensive range of pesticides on bees. We provide results (1970-2019) for multiple bee species (Bombus, Osmia, Megachile, Melipona, Partamona, Scaptotrigona), although most works focused on Apis mellifera L. (78 %). Our harmonised results document the lethal toxicity of pesticides in bees (n = 377 pesticides) and the types of sublethal testing methods and related effects that cause a sublethal effect (n = 375 sublethal experiments). We identified the most common combinations of pesticides and mode of actions tested, and summarize the experimental methods, magnitude of the interactions, and robustness of available data (n = 361 experiments). We provide open access searchable, comprehensive, and integrated list of pesticides and their levels causing lethal, sublethal, and combined effects. We report major data gaps related to pesticide's sublethal (71 %) and combined (e.g., ~99 %) toxicity. We identified pesticides and mode of actions of greatest concern in terms of sublethal (chlorothalonil, pymetrozine, glyphosate; neonicotinoids) and combined (tau-fluvalinate combinations; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and neonicotinoids) effects. Although certain pesticides have faced regulatory restrictions in specific countries (chlorothalonil, pymetrozine, neonicotinoids), most are still widely used worldwide (e.g., glyphosate). This work aims at facilitating the implementation of more comprehensive and harmonised research and risk assessments, considering sublethal and combined effects. To ensure safeguarding pollinators and the environment, we advocate for a more refined and holistic assessment that do not only focus on lethality but uses harmonised methods to test sublethal and relevant combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tosi
- Paris-Est University, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France; Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Cynthia Sfeir
- Paris-Est University, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Edoardo Carnesecchi
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80177, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis vanEngelsdorp
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD, 20742-4454, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre Chauzat
- Paris-Est University, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France; ANSES, Sophia Antipolis laboratory, Unit of Honey bee Pathology, European Reference Laboratory for Honeybee health, F-06902 Sophia Antipolis, France
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38
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Schunck F, Liess M. Time between Sequential Exposures to Multiple Stress Turns Antagonism into Synergism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14660-14667. [PMID: 36170596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic communities are exposed to repeated pulses of toxicants and environmental stressors. We hypothesize that the dose, order, and timing of stress events shape the interactions of these communities. For this, we conducted a fully-crossed, four-factorial, multiple stress exposure experiment to study the combined effects of Esfenvalerate and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation related to the exposure timing and order on Daphnia magna. We revealed that initial exposure to low stress doses, independent of the stress type (UV-B or Esfenvalerate), significantly increased the resistance toward the second stressor. This beneficial effect was apparent only when the second stressor was applied immediately after the first stressor (p < 0.01). When the period between stressor applications was extended to 2 days, the antagonism between the two stressors turned into synergism. The stressor interaction could be predicted with an abstract-mechanistic model of the temporal dynamics of the early-stage stress response. With this model, the timing and order of exposures were able to successfully explain interactions observed in all treatments (model-R2 = 1.0). We conclude that especially the duration of a break between exposures and the exposure dose have a decisive influence on interactions between toxicants and environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schunck
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology & Computational Life Science, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology & Computational Life Science, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Ji M, Zhang L, Zhuang X, Tian C, Luan F, Cordeiro MNDS. Toxicity Assessment of the Binary Mixtures of Aquatic Organisms Based on Different Hypothetical Descriptors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196389. [PMID: 36234923 PMCID: PMC9571779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern industrialization has led to the creation of a wide range of organic chemicals, especially in the form of multicomponent mixtures, thus making the evaluation of environmental pollution more difficult by normal methods. In this paper, we attempt to use forward stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) and nonlinear radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) to establish quantitative structure–activity relationship models (QSARs) to predict the toxicity of 79 binary mixtures of aquatic organisms using different hypothetical descriptors. To search for the proper mixture descriptors, 11 mixture rules were performed and tested based on preliminary modeling results. The statistical parameters of the best derived MLR model were Ntrain = 62, R2 = 0.727, RMS = 0.494, F = 159.537, Q2LOO = 0.727, and Q2pred = 0.725 for the training set; and Ntest = 17, R2 = 0.721, RMS = 0.508, F = 38.773, and q2ext = 0.720 for the external test set. The RBFNN model gave the following statistical results: Ntrain = 62, R2 = 0.956, RMS = 0.199, F = 1279.919, Q2LOO = 0.955, and Q2pred = 0.855 for the training set; and Ntest = 17, R2 = 0.880, RMS = 0.367, F = 110.980, and q2ext = 0.853 for the external test set. The quality of the models was assessed by validating the relevant parameters, and the final results showed that the developed models are predictive and can be used for the toxicity prediction of binary mixtures within their applicability domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xuming Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chunyuan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Feng Luan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Natália D. S. Cordeiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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40
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Moreau J, Rabdeau J, Badenhausser I, Giraudeau M, Sepp T, Crépin M, Gaffard A, Bretagnolle V, Monceau K. Pesticide impacts on avian species with special reference to farmland birds: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:790. [PMID: 36107257 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For decades, we have observed a major biodiversity crisis impacting all taxa. Avian species have been particularly well monitored over the long term, documenting their declines. In particular, farmland birds are decreasing worldwide, but the contribution of pesticides to their decline remains controversial. Most studies addressing the effects of agrochemicals are limited to their assessment under controlled laboratory conditions, the determination of lethal dose 50 (LD50) values and testing in a few species, most belonging to Galliformes. They often ignore the high interspecies variability in sensitivity, delayed sublethal effects on the physiology, behaviour and life-history traits of individuals and their consequences at the population and community levels. Most importantly, they have entirely neglected to test for the multiple exposure pathways to which individuals are subjected in the field (cocktail effects). The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview for ecologists, evolutionary ecologists and conservationists. We aimed to compile the literature on the effects of pesticides on bird physiology, behaviour and life-history traits, collecting evidence from model and wild species and from field and lab experiments to highlight the gaps that remain to be filled. We show how subtle nonlethal exposure might be pernicious, with major consequences for bird populations and communities. We finally propose several prospective guidelines for future studies that may be considered to meet urgent needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Moreau
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Juliette Rabdeau
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Isabelle Badenhausser
- Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies Plantes Fourragères, INRAE, 86600, Lusignan, France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- UMR IRD, CREEC, Université de Montpellier, 224-CNRS 5290, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Recherche en Écologie Et Évolution de La Sante (CREES), Montpellier, France
- Littoral Environnement Et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS- La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Tuul Sepp
- Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Malaury Crépin
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Agathe Gaffard
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre", CNRS, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Karine Monceau
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France.
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41
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Falfushynska H, Khatib I, Kasianchuk N, Lushchak O, Horyn O, Sokolova IM. Toxic effects and mechanisms of common pesticides (Roundup and chlorpyrifos) and their mixtures in a zebrafish model (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155236. [PMID: 35427626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemicals can adversely affect biodiversity, environment and human health, and commonly occur in mixtures with poorly characterized toxic mechanisms and health hazards. Here, we evaluated the individual and mixture toxicities of Roundup and chlorpyrifos in environmentally relevant concentrations to zebrafish using molecular and biochemical indices. Studied pesticides alone and in combination caused depletion of total antioxidant capacity and cellular thiols, overproduction of ROS, accumulation of oxidative lesions and elevated DNA damage in zebrafish liver. Notably, low concentration of Roundup induced a hormesis-like effect by stimulating the protective cellular mechanisms. Chlorpyrifos showed stronger prooxidant effects than Roundup and additionally caused nitrosative and carbonyl stress in zebrafish. At the organismal level, studied pesticides and their mixtures induced hepato- and neurotoxicity. The effects of the studied pesticides on biomarkers of apoptosis, endocrine disruption and immune disorders were generally weak and inconsistent. The multibiomarker assessment showed that chlorpyrifos is considerably more toxic than Roundup to zebrafish. The toxic effects of the pesticide mixtures were mostly driven by chlorpyrifos, with minimal or mitigating effects of Roundup addition. These findings elucidate the toxic mechanisms of common pesticides in a model vertebrate and demonstrate that health hazards of pesticide mixtures cannot be predicted from the effects of single pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Vital Activity, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine; Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ihab Khatib
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Vital Activity, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Nadiia Kasianchuk
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Vital Activity, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine; Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Horyn
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Vital Activity, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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42
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Rietdijk J, Aggarwal T, Georgieva P, Lapins M, Carreras-Puigvert J, Spjuth O. Morphological profiling of environmental chemicals enables efficient and untargeted exploration of combination effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155058. [PMID: 35390365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals are commonly studied one at a time, and there is a need to advance our understanding of the effect of exposure to their combinations. Here we apply high-content microscopy imaging of cells stained with multiplexed dyes (Cell Painting) to profile the effects of Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), Bisphenol A (BPA), and Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) exposure on four human cell lines; both individually and in all combinations. We show that morphological features can be used with multivariate data analysis to discern between exposures from individual compounds, concentrations, and combinations. CTAB and DBTDL induced concentration-dependent morphological changes across the four cell lines, and BPA exacerbated morphological effects when combined with CTAB and DBTDL. Combined exposure to CTAB and BPA induced changes in the ER, Golgi apparatus, nucleoli and cytoplasmic RNA in one of the cell lines. Different responses between cell lines indicate that multiple cell types are needed when assessing combination effects. The rapid and relatively low-cost experiments combined with high information content make Cell Painting an attractive methodology for future studies of combination effects. All data in the study is made publicly available on Figshare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonne Rietdijk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Tanya Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Polina Georgieva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Maris Lapins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Jordi Carreras-Puigvert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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Liu S, Kang W, Mao X, Du H, Ge L, Hou L, Yuan X, Wang M, Chen X, Liu Y, Huang K. Low dose of arsenic exacerbates toxicity to mice and IPEC-J2 cells exposed with deoxynivalenol: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and autophagy might be novel therapeutic targets. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155027. [PMID: 35381244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and arsenic (As) are widespread environmental contaminants, which are frequently found in human and animal food products. The intestine is a common target of As and DON when they are digested. Numerous studies mainly evaluate the individual effects whereas their combined toxicity has rarely been elucidated. Hence, this study was to assess the effect of low dose of NaAsO2 on DON-induced intestinal damage and explore the underling mechanism in mice and IPEC-J2 cells. The results showed that low dose of NaAsO2 exacerbated DON-induced intestinal impairment by increasing intestinal permeability and decreasing the abundance of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1). Further, low dose of NaAsO2 enhanced the AhR signaling pathway and autophagy-related mRNA/protein expressions induced by DON. Interestingly, FICZ, an AhR activator, instead of CH223191, an AhR inhibitor, could alleviate toxicity of the low dose of NaAsO2 in the mice and IPEC-J2 cells. Compared to the WT IPEC-J2 cells, the intestinal barrier damage was more serious in LC3B-/- IPEC-J2 cells induced by low dose of NaAsO2 combination with DON. Collectively, our study demonstrated that low dose of NaAsO2 exacerbated DON-induced intestinal barrier impairment in vivo and in vitro. The present study also demonstrated that activation of AhR-mediated autophagy might be a self-protection mechanism. Hence, AhR and autophagy might be novel therapeutic targets to prevent or alleviate NaAsO2 combined with DON-induced intestinal barrier impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Weili Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Heng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Lei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China.
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Elcombe CS, Evans NP, Bellingham M. Critical review and analysis of literature on low dose exposure to chemical mixtures in mammalian in vivo systems. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:221-238. [PMID: 35894754 PMCID: PMC9530410 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic chemicals are ubiquitous throughout the environment. Consequentially, humans are exposed to hundreds of anthropogenic chemicals daily. Current chemical risk assessments are primarily based on testing individual chemicals in rodents at doses that are orders of magnitude higher than that of human exposure. The potential risk from exposure to mixtures of chemicals is calculated using mathematical models of mixture toxicity based on these analyses. These calculations, however, do not account for synergistic or antagonistic interactions between co-exposed chemicals. While proven examples of chemical synergy in mixtures at low doses are rare, there is increasing evidence that, through non-conformance to current mixture toxicity models, suggests synergy. This review examined the published studies that have investigated exposure to mixtures of chemicals at low doses in mammalian in vivo systems. Only seven identified studies were sufficient in design to directly examine the appropriateness of current mixture toxicity models, of which three showed responses significantly greater than additivity model predictions. While the remaining identified studies were unable to provide evidence of synergistic toxicity, it became apparent that many results of such studies were not always explicable by current mixture toxicity models. Additionally, two data gaps were identified. Firstly, there is a lack of studies where individual chemical components of a complex mixture (>10 components) are tested in parallel to the chemical mixture. Secondly, there is a lack of dose-response data for mixtures of chemicals at low doses. Such data is essential to address the appropriateness and validity of future chemical mixture toxicity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Elcombe
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michelle Bellingham
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Panico SC, van Gestel CAM, Verweij RA, Rault M, Bertrand C, Menacho Barriga CA, Coeurdassier M, Fritsch C, Gimbert F, Pelosi C. Field mixtures of currently used pesticides in agricultural soil pose a risk to soil invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119290. [PMID: 35436506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Massive use of pesticides in conventional agriculture leads to accumulation in soil of complex mixtures, triggering questions about their potential ecotoxicological risk. This study assessed cropland soils containing pesticide mixtures sampled from conventional and organic farming systems at La Cage and Mons, France. The conventional agricultural field soils contained more pesticide residues (11 and 17 versus 3 and 11, respectively) and at higher concentrations than soils from organic fields (mean 6.6 and 10.5 versus 0.2 and 0.6 μg kg-1, respectively), including systemic insecticides belonging to neonicotinoids, carbamate herbicides and broad-spectrum fungicides mostly from the azole family. A risk quotient (RQi) approach evaluated the toxicity of the pesticide mixtures in soil, assuming concentration addition. Based on measured concentrations, both conventional agricultural soils posed high risks to soil invertebrates, especially due to the presence of epoxiconazole and imidacloprid, whereas soils under organic farming showed negligible to medium risk. To confirm the outcome of the risk assessment, toxicity of the soils was determined in bioassays following standardized test guidelines with seven representative non-target invertebrates: earthworms (Eisenia andrei, Lumbricus rubellus, Aporrectodea caliginosa), enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus), Collembola (Folsomia candida), oribatid mites (Oppia nitens), and snails (Cantareus aspersus). Collembola and enchytraeid survival and reproduction and land snail growth were significantly lower in soils from conventional compared to organic agriculture. The earthworms displayed different responses: L. rubellus showed higher mortality on soils from conventional agriculture and large body mass loss in all field soils, E. andrei showed considerable mass loss and strongly reduced reproduction, and A. caliginosa showed significantly reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in soils from conventional agriculture. The oribatid mites did not show consistent differences between organic and conventional farming soils. These results highlight that conventional agricultural practices pose a high risk for soil invertebrates and may threaten soil functionality, likely due to additive or synergistic "cocktail effects".
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Affiliation(s)
- Speranza C Panico
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magali Rault
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Colette Bertrand
- UMR 1402 ECOSYS, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Carlos A Menacho Barriga
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté Usc INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon, cedex, France
| | - Michaël Coeurdassier
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté Usc INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon, cedex, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté Usc INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon, cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté Usc INRAe, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon, cedex, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- UMR 1114 EMMAH, INRAe, Avignon Université, 84914, Avignon, France
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Spurgeon D, Wilkinson H, Civil W, Hutt L, Armenise E, Kieboom N, Sims K, Besien T. Proportional contributions to organic chemical mixture effects in groundwater and surface water. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118641. [PMID: 35635919 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Semi-quantitative GC-MS and LC-MS measurements of organic chemicals in groundwater and surface waters were used to assess the overall magnitude and contribution of the most important substances to calculated mixture hazard. Here we use GC-MS and LC-MS measurements taken from two separate national monitoring programs for groundwater and surface water in England, in combination with chronic species sensitivity distribution (SSD) HC50 values published by Posthuma et al. (2019, Environ. Toxicol. Chem, 38, 905-917) to calculate individual substance hazard quotients and mixture effects using a concentration addition approach. The mixture analysis indicated that, as anticipated, there was an increased hazard from the presence of a cocktail of substances at sites compared to the hazard for any single chemical. The magnitude of the difference between the hazard attributed to the most important chemical and the overall mixture effect, however, was not large. Thus, the most toxic chemical contributed ≥ 20% of the calculated mixture effect in >99% of all measured groundwater and surface water samples. On the basis of this analysis, a 5 fold assessment factor placed on the risk identified for any single chemical would offer a high degree of in cases where implementation of a full mixture analysis was not possible. This finding is consistent with previous work that has assessed chemical mixture effects within field monitoring programs and as such provides essential underpinning for future policy and management decisions on how to effectively and proportionately manage mixture risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Helen Wilkinson
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Wayne Civil
- Environment Agency, Starcross Laboratory, Staplake Mount, Starcross, Devon EX6 8FD, UK
| | - Lorraine Hutt
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Elena Armenise
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Natalie Kieboom
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Kerry Sims
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Tim Besien
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
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Gao YN, Yang X, Wang JQ, Liu HM, Zheng N. Multi-Omics Reveal Additive Cytotoxicity Effects of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin M1 toward Intestinal NCM460 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060368. [PMID: 35737029 PMCID: PMC9231300 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common crop contaminant, while aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is implicated in milk safety. Humans are likely to be simultaneously exposed to AFB1 and AFM1; however, studies on the combined interactive effects of AFB1 and AFM1 are lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, transcriptomic, proteomic, and microRNA (miRNA)-sequencing approaches were used to investigate the toxic mechanisms underpinning combined AFB1 and AFM1 actions in vitro. Exposure to AFB1 (1.25–20 μM) and AFM1 (5–20 μM) for 48 h significantly decreased cell viability in the intestinal cell line, NCM460. Multi-omics analyses demonstrated that additive toxic effects were induced by combined AFB1 (2.5 μM) and AFM1 (2.5 μM) in NCM460 cells and were associated with p53 signaling pathway, a common pathway enriched by differentially expressed mRNAs/proteins/miRNAs. Specifically, based on p53 signaling, cross-omics showed that AFB1 and AFM1 reduced NCM460 cell viability via the hsa-miR-628-3p- and hsa-miR-217-5p-mediated regulation of cell surface death receptor (FAS), and also the hsa-miR-11-y-mediated regulation of cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). We provide new insights on biomarkers which reflect the cytotoxic effects of combined AFB1 and AFM1 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.-N.G.); (X.Y.); (J.-Q.W.); (H.-M.L.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Milk and Milk Products Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.-N.G.); (X.Y.); (J.-Q.W.); (H.-M.L.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Milk and Milk Products Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.-N.G.); (X.Y.); (J.-Q.W.); (H.-M.L.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Milk and Milk Products Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.-N.G.); (X.Y.); (J.-Q.W.); (H.-M.L.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Milk and Milk Products Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.-N.G.); (X.Y.); (J.-Q.W.); (H.-M.L.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Milk and Milk Products Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62816069
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Li X, Li Z, Shen H, Zhao H, Qin G, Xue J. Effects of long-term and low-concentration exposures of benzene and formaldehyde on mortality of Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118924. [PMID: 35104555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-chemical thresholds cannot comprehensively evaluate the risk of chemical mixture exposure in indoor air. Moreover, a large number of researches have focused on short-term and high-concentration co-exposure scenarios related to different species, based on diverse endpoints, which hampers the application and improvement of existing risk evaluation models of chemical mixture exposures. More importantly, current risk evaluation models are not user-friendly for construction practitioners who do not have sufficient toxicological knowledge. Therefore, in this study, an inhalation experiment system and a hazard index (HI) were developed to investigate the risks associated with low-concentration and long-term inhalation exposure scenarios of formaldehyde and benzene, individually and combined, based on Drosophila melanogaster mortality. The results showed that the system exhibited good reproducibility in providing stable exposure concentrations during D. melanogaster life cycle. Furthermore, in a range of experimental concentrations, the interaction between formaldehyde and benzene was additive or synergistic, which was concentration- and ratio-dependent. This study is of great significance in harmonising and providing toxicity data under long-term and low-concentration exposure scenarios, which is beneficial for establishing a new user-friendly risk evaluation model for indoor chemical mixture exposures. It should be noted that the proposed HI value could indicate the hazard degrees of long-term inhalation exposures of formaldehyde and benzene, individually and combined, to D. melanogaster. However, the applicability of this index requires further experiments to evaluate the exposure risks of other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhenhai Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hao Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haishan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guojun Qin
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Omotola EO, Oluwole AO, Oladoye PO, Olatunji OS. Occurrence, detection and ecotoxicity studies of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous ecosystems- a systematic appraisal. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103831. [PMID: 35151848 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) have globally emerged as a significant group of environmental contaminants due to the constant detection of their residues in the environment. The main scope of this review is to fill the void of information on the knowledge on the African occurrence of selected PCs in environmental matrices in comparison with those outside Africa and their respective toxic actions on both aquatic and non-aquatic biota through ecotoxicity bioassays. To achieve this objective, the study focused on commonly used and detected pharmaceutical drugs (residues). Based on the conducted literature survey, Africa has the highest levels of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lamivudine, acetaminophen, and diclofenac while Europe has the lowest of all these PC residues in her physical environments. For ecotoxicity bioassays, the few data available are mostly on individual groups of pharmaceuticals whereas there is sparsely available data on their combined forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oyinkansola Omotola
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode PMB 2118, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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Asare EA. Status of pharmaceuticals in the Korle Lagoon and their toxicity to non-target organisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:299-311. [PMID: 34981244 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The availability of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in surface waters and suspended solids/sediments presents an ecological hazard of chronic exposure to non-target organisms. Thus, water and sediment samples were collected from the Korle Lagoon in the west of Accra-Ghana city center to evaluate 35 medicinal drugs belonging to the main therapeutic classes and their toxicity to non-target organisms (i.e., fish, daphnid, and algae). High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was employed to analyze the levels of PhACs in the samples. PhACs levels in water samples were higher compared to PhACs levels in sediment samples. Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, tramadol, and Diclofenac were the PhACs that showed a higher frequency of detections and higher average concentrations. Diazepam, mefenamic acid, indomethacin, gemfibrozil, and glibenclamide exhibited a higher frequency of detections, but their average concentrations in both sample types were lower. The calculated risk index values for acetaminophen and ibuprofen suggested low ecological risks to fish, while tramadol showed medium to high ecological risks to daphnid. In contrast, acetaminophen and fenofibrate showed low ecological risks to daphnid. Additionally, the risk index values for fenofibrate suggested medium to high ecological risks to algae, while tramadol exhibited low ecological risks to algae. The other PhACs showed negligible ecological risks to non-target organisms. The calculated toxic unit values for each sampled site suggested a medium adverse ecological risk to non-target organisms. Based on the results obtained, the availability of PhACs in the studied area will have adverse effects on studied non-target organisms. The negative impacts of PhACs on non-target organisms may cause an imbalance in the food chain process, leading to a decrease in fish production and a reduction in fish quality. The result of this study is evidence of public health threat because the accumulation of PhACs in fish species may also cause some kinds of hormonal, chemical, and molecular changes within the various systems of the fishes to be toxic or unpleasant for humans' consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Aquisman Asare
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
- Department of Nuclear Science and Applications, Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, AE1, Kwabenya-Accra, Ghana.
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