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Pötzl L, Wolf OT, Merz CJ. The influence of time of day on memory recognition for faces. Horm Behav 2024; 165:105633. [PMID: 39244875 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Time of day can alter memory performance in general. Its influence on memory recognition performance for faces, which is important for daily encounters with new persons or testimonies, has not been investigated yet. Importantly, high levels of the stress hormone cortisol impair memory recognition, in particular for emotional material. However, some studies also reported high cortisol levels to enhance memory recognition. Since cortisol levels in the morning are usually higher than in the evening, time of day might also influence recognition performance. In this pre-registered study with a two-day design, 51 healthy men encoded pictures of male and female faces with distinct emotional expressions on day one around noon. Memory for the faces was retrieved two days later at two consecutive testing times either in the morning (high and moderately increased endogenous cortisol levels) or in the evening (low endogenous cortisol levels). Additionally, alertness as well as salivary cortisol levels at the different timepoints was assessed. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in the morning compared to the evening group as expected, while both groups did not differ in alertness. Familiarity ratings for female stimuli were significantly better when participants were tested during moderately increased endogenous cortisol levels in the morning than during low endogenous cortisol levels in the evening, a pattern which was previously also observed for stressed versus non-stressed participants. In addition, cortisol levels during that time in the morning were positively correlated with the recollection of face stimuli in general. Thus, recognition memory performance may depend on the time of day and as well as on stimulus type, such as the difference of male and female faces. Most importantly, the results suggest that cortisol may be meaningful and worth investigating when studying the effects of time of day on memory performance. This research offers both, insights into daily encounters as well as legally relevant domains as for instance testimonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pötzl
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian J Merz
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
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2
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Stockinger E, Gallotti R, Hausladen CI. Early morning hour and evening usage habits increase misinformation-spread. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20233. [PMID: 39215045 PMCID: PMC11364767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media manipulation poses a significant threat to cognitive autonomy and unbiased opinion formation. Prior literature explored the relationship between online activity and emotional state, cognitive resources, sunlight and weather. However, a limited understanding exists regarding the role of time of day in content spread and the impact of user activity patterns on susceptibility to mis- and disinformation. This work uncovers a strong correlation between user activity time patterns and the tendency to spread potentially disinformative content. Through quantitative analysis of Twitter (now X) data, we examine how user activity throughout the day aligns with diurnal behavioural archetypes. Evening types exhibit a significantly higher inclination towards spreading potentially disinformative content, which is more likely at night-time. This knowledge can become crucial for developing targeted interventions and strategies that mitigate misinformation spread by addressing vulnerable periods and user groups more susceptible to manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Stockinger
- Computational Social Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Riccardo Gallotti
- Complex Human Behaviour Lab, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Carina I Hausladen
- Computational Social Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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3
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Burns JN, Jenkins AK, Yin R, Zong W, Vadnie CA, DePoy LM, Petersen KA, Tsyglakova M, Scott MR, Tseng GC, Huang YH, McClung CA. Molecular and cellular rhythms in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mouse prefrontal cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.05.601880. [PMID: 39005410 PMCID: PMC11245095 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.05.601880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that there are rhythms in gene expression in the mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC); however, the contribution of different cell types and potential variation by sex has not yet been determined. Of particular interest are excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, as interactions between these cell types are essential for regulating the excitation/inhibition balance and controlling many of the cognitive functions regulated by the PFC. In this study, we identify cell-type specific rhythms in the translatome of PV and pyramidal cells in the mouse PFC and assess diurnal rhythms in PV cell electrophysiological properties. We find that while core molecular clock genes are conserved and synchronized between cell types, pyramidal cells have nearly twice as many rhythmic transcripts as PV cells (35% vs. 18%). Rhythmic transcripts in pyramidal cells also show a high degree of overlap between sexes, both in terms of which transcripts are rhythmic and in the biological processes associated with them. Conversely, in PV cells, rhythmic transcripts from males and females are largely distinct. Moreover, we find sex-specific effects of phase on action potential properties in PV cells that are eliminated by environmental circadian disruption. Together, this study demonstrates that rhythms in gene expression and electrophysiological properties in the mouse PFC vary by both cell type and sex. Moreover, the biological processes associated with these rhythmic transcripts may provide insight into the unique functions of rhythms in these cells, as well as their selective vulnerabilities to circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Burns
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Aaron K. Jenkins
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - RuoFei Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Chelsea A. Vadnie
- David O. Robbins Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH 43015
| | - Lauren M. DePoy
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Kaitlyn A Petersen
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Mariya Tsyglakova
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Madeline R. Scott
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - George C. Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Yanhua H. Huang
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Wüst LN, Capdevila NC, Lane LT, Reichert CF, Lasauskaite R. Impact of one night of sleep restriction on sleepiness and cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 76:101940. [PMID: 38759474 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Detrimental consequences of chronic sleep restriction on cognitive function are well established in the literature. However, effects of a single night of sleep restriction remain equivocal. Therefore, we synthesized data from 44 studies to investigate effects of sleep restriction to 2-6 h sleep opportunity on sleepiness and cognition in this meta-analysis. We investigated subjective sleepiness, sustained attention, choice reaction time, cognitive throughput, working memory, and inhibitory control. Results revealed a significant increase in subjective sleepiness following one night of sleep restriction (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 0.986, p < 0.001), while subjective sleepiness was not associated with sleep duration during sleep restriction (β = -0.214, p = 0.039, significance level 0.01). Sustained attention, assessed via common 10-min tasks, was impaired, as demonstrated through increased reaction times (SMD = 0.512, p < 0.001) and attentional lapses (SMD = 0.489, p < 0.001). However, the degree of impaired attention was not associated with sleep duration (ps > 0.090). We did not find significant effects on choice reaction time, cognitive throughput, working memory, or inhibitory control. Overall, results suggest that a single night of restricted sleep can increase subjective sleepiness and impair sustained attention, a cognitive function crucial for everyday tasks such as driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa N Wüst
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Noëmi C Capdevila
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lina T Lane
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolin F Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruta Lasauskaite
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Campomayor NB, Kim HJ, Lee HJ, Sayson LV, Ortiz DMD, Cho E, Kim DH, Jeon SJ, Kim BN, Cheong JH, Kim M. Impact and Interrelationships of Striatal Proteins, EPHB2, OPRM1, and PER2 on Mild Cognitive Impairment. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04334-x. [PMID: 39002057 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
With the global increase in life expectancy, there has been a rise in the incidence of cognitive impairments attributed to diverse etiologies. Notably, approximately 50% of individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progress to dementia within 3 years. However, the precise mechanisms underlying MCI remain elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate potential mechanisms implicated in MCI utilizing Per2 knockout (KO) mice, which have previously been shown to have cognitive deficits. Behavioral (Y-maze, Barnes maze) and molecular (electrophysiology, RNA sequencing, western blot, and immunofluorescence) experiments were conducted in Per2 KO and wild-type (WT) mice. Per2 KO mice exhibited impaired spatial working memory in the Y-maze and Barnes maze. However, there were no significant group differences in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) between Per2 KO and WT mice, whereas striatal LTP in Per2 KO mice was lower compared to WT mice. In RNA sequencing analysis, 58 genes were downregulated and 64 genes were upregulated in the striatum of Per2 KO mice compared to WT mice. Among the differentially expressed genes, four genes (Chrm2, EphB2, Htr1b, Oprm1) were identified. Optimal expression levels of EPHB2 and OPRM1 were found to significantly enhance cognitive performance in mice. Additionally, Per2 KO mice exhibited reduced EPHB2-NMDAR-LTP and OPRM-mTOR signaling, along with elevated amyloid beta (Aβ) levels, when compared to WT mice. However, these alterations were reversed upon administration of morphine treatment. Striatal OPRM1-mTOR signaling, EPHB2-NMDAR-LTP signaling, and Aβ expression levels may exert a combined effect on MCI under the control of Per2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bon Campomayor
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Leandro Val Sayson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae D Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehakro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Baekje-daero 567, Jeonju-SiJeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro 815, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea.
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Ruiz-Herrera N, Friedman M, St. Hilaire MA, Arrona-Palacios A, Czeisler CA, Duffy JF. Time of Day and Sleep Deprivation Effects on Risky Decision Making. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:281-290. [PMID: 38920421 PMCID: PMC11202614 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has revealed that daily variations in human neurobehavioral functions are driven in part by the endogenous circadian system. The objective of this study was to explore whether there exists a circadian influence on performance regarding a risky decision-making task and to determine whether the performance changes with sleep deprivation (SD). Thirteen participants underwent a 39 h constant routine (CR) protocol, during which they remained awake in constant conditions and performed the BART (balloon analogue risk task) every two hours. The mean pumps (gains) (p < 0.001) and balloons popped (losses) (p = 0.003) exhibited variation during the CR. The reaction time (RT) also showed significant variation across the CR (p < 0.001), with slower mean RTs in the morning hours following SD. A greater risk propensity was observed around midday before SD and a lower risk propensity after 29.5 h of being awake. The sensitivity to punishment varied during the CR, but did not follow a predictable trend. Further research using real monetary incentives and neurophysiological measures is warranted to elucidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Ruiz-Herrera
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mia Friedman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
| | - Melissa A. St. Hilaire
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Computer and Data Sciences, School of Engineering and Computational Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA 01845, USA
| | - Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles A. Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne F. Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.R.-H.); (M.A.S.H.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Deantoni M, Reyt M, Baillet M, Dourte M, De Haan S, Lesoinne A, Vandewalle G, Maquet P, Berthomier C, Muto V, Hammad G, Schmidt C. Napping and circadian sleep-wake regulation during healthy aging. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad287. [PMID: 37943833 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Daytime napping is frequently reported among the older population and has attracted increasing attention due to its association with multiple health conditions. Here, we tested whether napping in the aged is associated with altered circadian regulation of sleep, sleepiness, and vigilance performance. METHODS Sixty healthy older individuals (mean age: 69 years, 39 women) were recruited with respect to their napping habits (30 nappers, 30 non-nappers). All participants underwent an in-lab 40-hour multiple nap protocol (10 cycles of 80 minutes of sleep opportunity alternating with 160 minutes of wakefulness), preceded and followed by a baseline and recovery sleep period. Saliva samples for melatonin assessment, sleepiness, and vigilance performance were collected during wakefulness and electrophysiological data were recorded to derive sleep parameters during scheduled sleep opportunities. RESULTS The circadian amplitude of melatonin secretion was reduced in nappers, compared to non-nappers. Furthermore, nappers were characterized by higher sleep efficiencies and REM sleep proportion during day- compared to nighttime naps. The nap group also presented altered modulation in sleepiness and vigilance performance at specific circadian phases. DISCUSSION Our data indicate that napping is associated with an altered circadian sleep-wake propensity rhythm. They thereby contribute to the understanding of the biological correlates underlying napping and/or sleep-wake cycle fragmentation during healthy aging. Altered circadian sleep-wake promotion can lead to a less distinct allocation of sleep into nighttime and/or a reduced wakefulness drive during the day, thereby potentially triggering the need to sleep at adverse circadian phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Deantoni
- Sleep and Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Reyt
- Sleep and Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marion Baillet
- Sleep and Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marine Dourte
- Sleep and Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stella De Haan
- Sleep and Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexia Lesoinne
- Sleep and Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- Sleep and Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maquet
- Sleep and Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Vincenzo Muto
- Sleep and Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gregory Hammad
- Sleep and Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Sleep and Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Jiang J, Chen G, Song X, Lu J, Wang J, Ding F, Ba L, Mei J. Effects of chronotype on sleep, mood and cardiovascular circadian rhythms in rotating night shift medical workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:461-471. [PMID: 38429581 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether chronotype affects the health outcomes of night shift work populations is unknown. This study aimed to assess the influence of different chronotypes in the rotating night shift population on sleep status, mood, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate variability (HRV), as well as the circadian rhythm of BP and HRV. METHODS A total of 208 rotating night shift workers were included. All participants completed structured questionnaires to assess chronotype, mood and sleep status. During their daily lives outside of the night shift, they underwent 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram monitoring and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Day-time and night-time BP and BP dipping were obtained. Day-time and night-time HRV values (SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, LF nu, SD1, SD2 and SD2/SD1) were calculated and fitted to the cosine period curve. Three circandian parameters (mesor, amplitude and acrophase) were extracted to quantify the circadian rhythm of the HRV indices. RESULTS Among all three groups, E-type showed more fatigue and sleepiness. In addition, E-type showed blunted diastolic BP dipping. Notably, E-type showed association with higher RMSSD, LF, HF and SD1 in the night time, and higher mesors of RMSSD and LF and amplitude of SD2/SD1 in circadian analysis. CONCLUSION Chronotype is a factor affecting fatigue, sleepiness and cardiovascular circadian rhythms of rotating night shift workers. Chronotype should be taken into consideration for managing night-shift rotation to promote occupational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Lu
- Electrocardiogram Unit, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ba
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junhua Mei
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Bettencourt C, Pires L, Almeida F, Vilar M, Cruz H, Leitão J, Allen Gomes A. Chronotype, Time of Day, and Children's Cognitive Performance in Remote Neuropsychological Assessment. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:310. [PMID: 38667106 PMCID: PMC11047315 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the influence of chronotype and time of day (TOD) on cognitive performance, especially in children, is limited. We explored potential interactive effects, hypothesizing that performance differs when comparing preferred vs. non-preferred TOD. In total, 76 morning-type (MT = 37) or evening-type (ET = 39) children from the third and fourth grades (48.7% girls; M age = 8.05; SD age = 0.51), identified through the Children Chronotype Questionnaire, completed two 30-min neuropsychological assessment sessions via videoconference on the first (9:00) or last hour (16:00) of the school day. The protocol included neuropsychological tests targeting memory, language, and attention/executive domains. The results revealed an interactive effect of medium size between chronotype and TOD on a Rapid Alternating Stimulus (Naming) Task. MT and ET performed faster in asynchrony conditions (morning for ET; afternoon for MT). Additionally, ET outperformed MT in a Backward Digit Span Task, irrespective of TOD. TOD also influenced performance on an Alternating Verbal Fluency Task, with both MT and ET children performing better in the morning. These results underscore the importance of chronotype and TOD in children's cognitive performance, particularly in working memory and verbal fluency. Children assessed during non-preferred TOD exhibited better performance on some cognitive tasks, challenging the assumption that optimal times always yield superior results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Bettencourt
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.P.); (F.A.); (M.V.); (J.L.); (A.A.G.)
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Chronopsychology and Cognitive Systems (ChronCog), University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pires
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.P.); (F.A.); (M.V.); (J.L.); (A.A.G.)
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Chronopsychology and Cognitive Systems (ChronCog), University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Filipa Almeida
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.P.); (F.A.); (M.V.); (J.L.); (A.A.G.)
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Chronopsychology and Cognitive Systems (ChronCog), University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Vilar
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.P.); (F.A.); (M.V.); (J.L.); (A.A.G.)
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugo Cruz
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Education and Development (CeiED), Lusófona University, 1700-284 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - José Leitão
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.P.); (F.A.); (M.V.); (J.L.); (A.A.G.)
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Chronopsychology and Cognitive Systems (ChronCog), University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Allen Gomes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.P.); (F.A.); (M.V.); (J.L.); (A.A.G.)
- Centre for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Chronopsychology and Cognitive Systems (ChronCog), University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Schimke EAE, Copland DA, Gomersall SR, Angwin AJ. To sleep or not to sleep? No effect of sleep on contextual word learning in younger adults. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024; 77:789-802. [PMID: 37212629 PMCID: PMC10960315 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231179459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of sleep on novel word learning through reading context. Seventy-four healthy young adults attended two testing sessions, with either overnight sleep (sleep group) or daytime wakefulness (wake group) occurring between the sessions. At the initial learning session, participants identified the hidden meanings of novel words embedded within sentence contexts and were subsequently tested on their recognition of the novel word meanings. A recognition test was also conducted at the delayed session. The analyses revealed comparable recognition of novel word meanings for the sleep and wake group at both the initial and the delayed session, indicating that there was no benefit of sleep compared with wakefulness for novel word learning through context. Overall, this study highlights the critical influence of encoding method on sleep-dependent learning, where not all forms of word learning appear to benefit from sleep for consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma AE Schimke
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Copland
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Aphasia Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sjaan R Gomersall
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony J Angwin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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11
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McFadden SA, Peck MR, Sime LN, Cox MF, Ikiz ED, Findley CA, Quinn K, Fang Y, Bartke A, Hascup ER, Hascup KN. Thermotherapy has Sexually Dimorphic Responses in APP/PS1 Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586836. [PMID: 38586039 PMCID: PMC10996586 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A thermoregulatory decline occurs with age due to changes in muscle mass, vasoconstriction, and metabolism that lowers core body temperature (Tc). Although lower Tc is a biomarker of successful aging, we have previously shown this worsens cognitive performance in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) [1]. We hypothesized that elevating Tc with thermotherapy would improve metabolism and cognition in APP/PS1 mice. From 6-12 months of age, male and female APP/PS1 and C57BL/6 mice were chronically housed at 23 or 30°C. At 12 months of age, mice were assayed for insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and spatial cognition. Plasma, hippocampal, and peripheral (adipose, hepatic, and skeletal muscle) samples were procured postmortem and tissue-specific markers of amyloid accumulation, metabolism, and inflammation were assayed. Chronic 30°C exposure increased Tc in all groups except female APP/PS1 mice. All mice receiving thermotherapy had either improved glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity, but the underlying processes responsible for these effects varied across sexes. In males, glucose regulation was influenced predominantly by hormonal signaling in plasma and skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 expression, whereas in females, this was modulated at the tissue level. Thermotherapy improved spatial navigation in male C57BL/6 and APP/PS1 mice, with the later attributed to reduced hippocampal soluble amyloid-β (Aβ)42. Female APP/PS1 mice exhibited worse spatial memory recall after chronic thermotherapy. Together, the data highlights the metabolic benefits of passive thermotherapy with potential nonpharmacological management for some individuals with AD, and provides further evidence for the necessity of adopting personalized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. McFadden
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Mackenzie R. Peck
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey N. Sime
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - MaKayla F. Cox
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erol D. Ikiz
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Caleigh A. Findley
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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12
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Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Luna C, Dai S, Cook DJ. Predicting daily cognition and lifestyle behaviors for older adults using smart home data and ecological momentary assessment. Clin Neuropsychol 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38503715 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2330143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extraction of digital markers from passive sensors placed in homes is a promising method for understanding real-world behaviors. In this study, machine learning (ML) and multilevel modeling (MLM) are used to examine types of digital markers and whether smart home sensors can predict cognitive functioning, lifestyle behaviors, and contextual factors measured through ecological momentary assessment (EMA). METHOD Smart home sensors were installed in the homes of 44 community-dwelling midlife and older adults for 3-4 months. Sensor data were categorized into eight digital markers. Participants responded to iPad-delivered EMA prompts 4×/day for 2 wk. Prompts included an n-back task and survey on recent (past 2 h) lifestyle and contextual factors. RESULTS ML marker rankings revealed that sensor counts (indicating increased activity) and time outside the home were among the most influential markers for all survey questions. Additionally, MLM revealed for every 1000 sensor counts, mental sharpness, social, physical, and cognitive EMA responses increased by 0.134-0.155 points on a 5-point scale. For every additional 30-minutes spent outside home, social, physical, and cognitive EMA responses increased by 0.596, 0.472, and 0.157 points. Advanced ML joint classification/regression significantly predicted EMA responses from smart home digital markers with error of 0.370 on a 5-point scale, and n-back performance with a normalized error of 0.040. CONCLUSION Results from ML and MLM were complimentary and comparable, suggesting that machine learning may be used to develop generalized models to predict everyday cognition and track lifestyle behaviors and contextual factors that impact health outcomes using smart home sensor data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Luna
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Shenghai Dai
- College of Education, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Diane J Cook
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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13
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Palmero LB, Tortajada M, Martínez-Pérez V, Sandoval-Lentisco A, Campoy G, Fuentes LJ. Circadian modulation of the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:378-392. [PMID: 38317372 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2312806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
We investigated whether chronotype and time-of-day modulate the time course of automatic and controlled semantic processing. Participants performed a category semantic priming task at either the optimal or non-optimal time of day. We varied the prime-target onset asynchrony (100-, 450-, 650-, and 850-ms SOAs) and kept the percentage of unrelated targets constant at 80%. Automatic processing was expected with the short SOA, and controlled processing with longer SOAs. Intermediate-types (Experiment 1) verified that our task was sensitive to capturing both types of processes and served as a reference to assess themin extreme chronotypes. Morning-type and evening-type participants (Experiment 2) differed in the influence of time of testing on priming effects. Morning-types applied control in all conditions, and no performance modulation by time-of-day was observed. In contrast, evening-types were most adversely affected by the time of day to shift from automatic-based to controlled-based responses. Also, they were considerably affected in successfully implementing controlled processing with long intervals, particularly at the non-optimal time of day, with inhibitory priming showing only a marginally significant effect at the longest SOA. These results suggest that extreme chronotypes may be associated with different styles of cognitive control. Morning-types would be driven by a proactive control style, whereas a reactive control style might be applied by evening-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía B Palmero
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Tortajada
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Pérez
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Campoy
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis J Fuentes
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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14
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van Klaren C, Maij A, Marsman L, van Drongelen A. The evaluation of cEEGrids for fatigue detection in aviation. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae009. [PMID: 38420258 PMCID: PMC10901434 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Operator fatigue poses a major concern in safety-critical industries such as aviation, potentially increasing the chances of errors and accidents. To better understand this risk, there is a need for noninvasive objective measures of fatigue. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of cEEGrids, a type of ear-EEG, for fatigue detection by analyzing the alpha and theta power before and after sleep restriction in four sessions on two separate days, employing a within-participants design. Results were compared to traditional, highly validated methods: the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). After sleep restriction and an office workday, 12 participants showed increased alpha band power in multiple electrode channels, but no channels correlated with KSS scores and PVT response speed. These findings indicate that cEEGrids can detect differences in alpha power following mild sleep loss. However, it should be noted that this capability was limited to specific channels, and no difference in theta power was observed. The study shows the potential and limitations of ear-EEG for fatigue detection as a less invasive alternative to cap-EEG. Further design and electrode configuration adjustments are necessary before ear-EEG can be implemented for fatigue detection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen van Klaren
- Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR), Department of Safety and Human Performance, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneloes Maij
- Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR), Department of Safety and Human Performance, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurie Marsman
- Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR), Department of Safety and Human Performance, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin van Drongelen
- Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR), Department of Safety and Human Performance, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Palmero LB, Martínez-Pérez V, Tortajada M, Campoy G, Fuentes LJ. Testing the modulation of self-related automatic and others-related controlled processing by chronotype and time-of-day. Conscious Cogn 2024; 118:103633. [PMID: 38199190 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We assessed whether self-related automatic and others-related controlled processes are modulated by chronotype and time-of-day. Here, a shape-label matching task composed of three geometrical shapes arbitrarily associated with you, friend, and stranger was used. Twenty Morning-types, and twenty Evening-types performed the task at the optimal and non-optimal times of day (i.e., 8 AM, or 8:30 PM). Morning-types did not exhibit noticeable synchrony effects, thus proving the better adaptation of these participants to non-optimal moments of the day as compared to Evening-types. Contrary to our predictions regarding the absence of automatic-processing modulation and the presence of controlled-processing influences by time-of-day, we found an influence on self-related but not others-related processing only in Evening-type participants. Although brain structures are not directly tackled, we argue that such modulation may be due to the dependence of the activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), an essential component of the self-attention network on circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía B Palmero
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Víctor Martínez-Pérez
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Tortajada
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Campoy
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis J Fuentes
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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16
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Becker SP, Luebbe AM, Kofler MJ, Burns GL, Jarrett MA. ADHD, chronotype, and circadian preference in a multi-site sample of college students. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13994. [PMID: 37437906 PMCID: PMC10784417 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and an evening chronotype are both common among college students, and there is growing interest in understanding the possible link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and circadian function. However, mixed findings have been reported, and many of the existing studies have used small samples that were unable to examine chronotype across attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder presentations. Participants were 4751 students (73% female; 80% White), aged 18-29 years (M = 19.28, SD = 1.50), from five universities who completed measures assessing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to assess chronotype (categorical) and circadian preference (dimensional). Participants with either attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder predominantly inattentive presentation or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined presentation had higher rates of being an evening type (47.2% and 41.5%, respectively) than participants without elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (28.5%), and participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder predominantly inattentive presentation also had higher rates of being an evening type than participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation (30.7%). Dimensional analyses indicated that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattentive symptoms were more strongly associated than hyperactive-impulsive symptoms with eveningness preference. Finally, greater eveningness preference strengthened the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattention and depressive symptoms but not anxiety symptoms. This is the largest study to document that college students with elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are more likely to be evening types than other college students, and inattentive symptoms in particular are associated with later circadian preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron M. Luebbe
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael J. Kofler
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - G. Leonard Burns
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew A. Jarrett
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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17
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Wasmann JWA, Huinck WJ, Lanting CP. Remote Cochlear Implant Assessments: Validity and Stability in Self-Administered Smartphone-Based Testing. Ear Hear 2024; 45:239-249. [PMID: 37641179 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The stability of remote testing in cochlear implant care was studied by testing the influence of time-of-day, listener fatigue, and motivation on the outcomes of the aided threshold test (ATT) and digit triplets test (DTT) in cochlear implant (CI) recipients using self-tests at-home on a smartphone or tablet. DESIGN A single-center repeated measures cohort study design (n = 50 adult CI recipients). The ATT and DTT were tested at-home ten times, with nine of these sessions planned within a period of eight days. Outcomes were modeled as a function of time-of-day, momentary motivation, listeners' task-related fatigue, and chronotype (i.e., someone's preference for morning or evening due to the sleep-wake cycle) using linear mixed models. Additional factors included aided monosyllabic word recognition in quiet, daily-life fatigue, age, and CI experience. RESULTS Out of 500 planned measurements, 407 ATTs and 476 DTTs were completed. The ATT determined thresholds and impedances were stable across sessions. The factors in the DTT model explained 75% of the total variance. Forty-nine percent of the total variance was explained by individual differences in the participants' DTT performance. For each 10% increase in word recognition in quiet, the DTT speech reception threshold improved by an average of 1.6 dB. DTT speech reception threshold improved, on average by 0.1 dB per repeated session and correlated with the number of successful DTTs per participant. There was no significant time-of-day effect on auditory performance in at-home administered tests. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to report on the validity and stability of remote assessments in CI recipients and reveals relevant factors. CI recipients can be self-tested at any waking hour to monitor performance via smartphone or tablet. Motivation, task-related fatigue, and chronotype did not affect the outcomes of ATT or DTT in the studied cohort. Word recognition in quiet is a good predictor for deciding whether the DTT should be included in an individual's remote test battery. At-home testing is reliable for cochlear implant recipients and offers an opportunity to provide care in a virtual hearing clinic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Willem A Wasmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy J Huinck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- These authors share last authorship
| | - Cris P Lanting
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- These authors share last authorship
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18
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Hu L, Katz ES, Stamoulis C. Modulatory effects of fMRI acquisition time of day, week and year on adolescent functional connectomes across spatial scales: Implications for inference. Neuroimage 2023; 284:120459. [PMID: 37977408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic, hormonal, autonomic and physiological rhythms may have a significant impact on cerebral hemodynamics and intrinsic brain synchronization measured with fMRI (the resting-state connectome). The impact of their characteristic time scales (hourly, circadian, seasonal), and consequently scan timing effects, on brain topology in inherently heterogeneous developing connectomes remains elusive. In a cohort of 4102 early adolescents with resting-state fMRI (median age = 120.0 months; 53.1 % females) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, this study investigated associations between scan time-of-day, time-of-week (school day vs weekend) and time-of-year (school year vs summer vacation) and topological properties of resting-state connectomes at multiple spatial scales. On average, participants were scanned around 2 pm, primarily during school days (60.9 %), and during the school year (74.6 %). Scan time-of-day was negatively correlated with multiple whole-brain, network-specific and regional topological properties (with the exception of a positive correlation with modularity), primarily of visual, dorsal attention, salience, frontoparietal control networks, and the basal ganglia. Being scanned during the weekend (vs a school day) was correlated with topological differences in the hippocampus and temporoparietal networks. Being scanned during the summer vacation (vs the school year) was consistently positively associated with multiple topological properties of bilateral visual, and to a lesser extent somatomotor, dorsal attention and temporoparietal networks. Time parameter interactions suggested that being scanned during the weekend and summer vacation enhanced the positive effects of being scanned in the morning. Time-of-day effects were overall small but spatially extensive, and time-of-week and time-of-year effects varied from small to large (Cohen's f ≤ 0.1, Cohen's d<0.82, p < 0.05). Together, these parameters were also positively correlated with temporal fMRI signal variability but only in the left hemisphere. Finally, confounding effects of scan time parameters on relationships between connectome properties and cognitive task performance were assessed using the ABCD neurocognitive battery. Although most relationships were unaffected by scan time parameters, their combined inclusion eliminated associations between properties of visual and somatomotor networks and performance in the Matrix Reasoning and Pattern Comparison Processing Speed tasks. Thus, scan time of day, week and year may impact measurements of adolescent brain's functional circuits, and should be accounted for in studies on their associations with cognitive performance, in order to reduce the probability of incorrect inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eliot S Katz
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Catherine Stamoulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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19
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Pilcher JJ, Grandits JB, Wilkes MJ, Lindsey MM. Time-of-day effects on speed and accuracy performance during simulated shiftwork. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1529-1545. [PMID: 37982195 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2283572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Performance on tasks involving speed and accuracy fluctuate throughout the 24-h day negatively affecting shift workers and organizations. Two simulated work shifts common in occupational settings were used to assess performance on a vigilance and math task. In study 1, 33 sleep-deprived participants completed a nightshift. In study 2, 32 partially sleep-deprived participants completed a dayshift. These studies found that performance differed between the type of task and the type of simulated shift where performance during the nightshift was worse than during the dayshift. In addition, collapsing speed and accuracy on the math task into inverse efficiency scores provided a unique measure that captured the impact of circadian rhythms during shiftwork. The current study also indicated that participants adopted cognitive strategies including speed-accuracy tradeoff and regulatory foci regarding work motivation (prevention focus and promotion focus) when completing the tasks depending on time-of-day, type of shift, circadian rhythms, and amount of sleep deprivation. This suggests that researchers and organizations should consider cognitive strategies in addition to the physiological components of sleep deprivation and circadian rhythms when investigating and documenting the impact of time-of-day due to different types of shiftwork conditions on performance and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- June J Pilcher
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Margaret J Wilkes
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Monica M Lindsey
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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20
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Mickes L, Morgan DP, Fuentes Grandón DA, Boogert S, Kazanina N. Illustrations of interactions needed when investigating sleep using a type of AM-PM PM-AM design. Psychon Bull Rev 2023; 30:2106-2115. [PMID: 37322385 PMCID: PMC10728231 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sleep has long been thought of and promoted to be beneficial for memory. Some claims that sleep aids memory have been made in the absence of a critical interaction. This condition is necessary when using a commonly-used experimental design (a type of AM-PM PM-AM design). We propose that a sleep effect exists only if there is an interaction between groups (experimental and time-of-day controls) and the time of test or study (morning and evening). We show different patterns of results that would and would not support a sleep effect with empirical and model-generated data from recognition memory experiments and hypothetical data. While we use these data to make our point, our suggestions apply to any memory and non-memory-related investigation (e.g., emotional memory, false memory susceptibility, language learning, problem-solving). Testing for and finding the proper interaction will add to the evidence that sleep boosts performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David P Morgan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Addiction Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Ng ASC, Massar SAA, Bei B, Chee MWL. Assessing 'readiness' by tracking fluctuations in daily sleep duration and their effects on daily mood, motivation, and sleepiness. Sleep Med 2023; 112:30-38. [PMID: 37804715 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Consumer sleep trackers issue daily guidance on 'readiness' without clear empirical basis. We investigated how self-rated mood, motivation, and sleepiness (MMS) levels are affected by daily fluctuations in sleep duration, timing, and efficiency and overall sleep regularity. We also determined how temporally specific these associations are. METHODS 119 healthy university students (64 female, mean age = 22.54 ± 1.74 years) wore a wearable sleep tracker and undertook twice-daily smartphone-delivered ecological momentary assessment of mood, motivation, and sleepiness at post-wake and pre-bedtime timings for 2-6 weeks. Naps and their duration were reported daily. Nocturnal sleep on 2471 nights were examined using multilevel models to uncover within-subject and between-subject associations between sleep duration, timing, efficiency, and nap duration on following day MMS ratings. Time-lagged analyses examined the temporal specificity of these associations. Linear regression models investigated associations between MMS ratings and sleep variability, controlling for sleep duration. RESULTS Nocturnal sleep durations were short (6.03 ± 0.71 h), and bedtimes were late (1:42AM ± 1:05). Within-subjects, nocturnal sleep longer than a person's average was associated with better mood, higher motivation, and lower sleepiness after waking. Effects of such longer sleep duration lingered for mood and sleepiness till the pre-bedtime window (all Ps < .005) but did not extend to the next day. Between-subjects, higher intraindividual sleep variability, but not sleep duration, was associated with poorer mood and lower motivation after waking. Longer average sleep duration was associated with less sleepiness after waking and lower motivation pre-bedtime (all Ps < .05). Longer naps reduced post-nap sleepiness and improved mood. Controlling for nocturnal sleep duration, longer naps also associated with lower post-waking sleepiness on the following day. CONCLUSIONS Positive connections between nocturnal sleep and nap duration with MMS are temporally circumscribed, lending credence to the construction of sleep-based, daily 'readiness' scores. Higher sleep duration variability lowers an individual's post waking mood and motivation. CLINICAL TRIAL ID ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04880629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa S C Ng
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stijn A A Massar
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bei Bei
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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22
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Neal C, Pepper GV, Allen C, Nettle D. No effect of hunger on attentional capture by food cues: Two replication studies. Appetite 2023; 191:107065. [PMID: 37774843 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Food cues potently capture human attention, and it has been suggested that hunger increases their propensity to do so. However, the evidence for such hunger-related attentional biases is weak. We focus on one recent study that did show significantly greater attentional capture by food cues when participants were hungry, using an Emotional Blink of Attention (EBA) task [Piech, Pastorino, & Zald, 2010. Appetite, 54, 579-582]. We conducted online (N = 29) and in-person (N = 28) replications of this study with British participants and a Bayesian analytical approach. For the EBA task, participants tried to identify a rotated target image in a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP). Targets were preceded by "neutral", "romantic", or "food" distractor images. Participants completed the task twice, 6-11 days apart, once hungry (overnight plus 6h fast) and once sated (after a self-selected lunch in the preceding 1h). We predicted that food images would create a greater attentional blink when participants were hungry than when they were sated, but romantic and neutral images would not. We found no evidence that hunger increased attentional capture by food cues, despite our experiments passing manipulation and quality assurance checks. Our sample and stimuli differed from the study we were replicating in several ways, but we were unable to identify any specific factor responsible for the difference in results. The original finding may not be generalisable. The EBA is more sensitive to the physical distinctiveness of distractors from filler and target images than their emotional valence, undermining the sensitivity of the EBA task for picking up subtle changes in motivational state. Moreover, hunger-related attentional bias shifts may not be substantial over the intensities and durations of hunger typically induced in laboratory experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Neal
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Gillian V Pepper
- Psychology Department, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Daniel Nettle
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département D'études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, EHESS, CNRS, Paris, France; Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Newcastle, UK.
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23
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Montupil J, Cardone P, Staquet C, Bonhomme A, Defresne A, Martial C, Alnagger NL, Gosseries O, Bonhomme V. The nature of consciousness in anaesthesia. BJA OPEN 2023; 8:100224. [PMID: 37780201 PMCID: PMC10539891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2023.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscientists agree on the value of locating the source of consciousness within the brain. Anaesthesiologists are no exception, and have their own operational definition of consciousness based on phenomenological observations during anaesthesia. The full functional correlates of consciousness are yet to be precisely identified, however rapidly evolving progress in this scientific domain has yielded several theories that attempt to model the generation of consciousness. They have received variable support from experimental observations, including those involving anaesthesia and its ability to reversibly modulate different aspects of consciousness. Aside from the interest in a better understanding of the mechanisms of consciousness, exploring the functional tenets of the phenomenological consciousness states of general anaesthesia has the potential to ultimately improve patient management. It could facilitate the design of specific monitoring devices and approaches, aiming at reliably detecting each of the possible states of consciousness during an anaesthetic procedure, including total absence of mental content (unconsciousness), and internal awareness (sensation of self and internal thoughts) with or without conscious perception of the environment (connected or disconnected consciousness, respectively). Indeed, it must be noted that unresponsiveness is not sufficient to infer absence of connectedness or even absence of consciousness. This narrative review presents the current knowledge in this field from a system-level, underlining the contribution of anaesthesia studies in supporting theories of consciousness, and proposing directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Montupil
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Neuroscience Laboratory, Liege, Belgium
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Liege, Belgium
- University Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Citadelle Regional Hospital, Liege, Belgium
| | - Paolo Cardone
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness Thematic Unit, GIGA-Research, Liege University, Liege, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau, Liege University Hospital, Liege, Belgium
| | - Cécile Staquet
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Neuroscience Laboratory, Liege, Belgium
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Liege, Belgium
| | - Arthur Bonhomme
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness Thematic Unit, GIGA-Research, Liege University, Liege, Belgium
| | - Aline Defresne
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Neuroscience Laboratory, Liege, Belgium
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Liege, Belgium
- University Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Citadelle Regional Hospital, Liege, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness Thematic Unit, GIGA-Research, Liege University, Liege, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau, Liege University Hospital, Liege, Belgium
| | - Naji L.N. Alnagger
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness Thematic Unit, GIGA-Research, Liege University, Liege, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau, Liege University Hospital, Liege, Belgium
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness Thematic Unit, GIGA-Research, Liege University, Liege, Belgium
- Centre du Cerveau, Liege University Hospital, Liege, Belgium
| | - Vincent Bonhomme
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Neuroscience Laboratory, Liege, Belgium
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Liege, Belgium
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Keihani A, Mayeli A, Ferrarelli F. Circadian Rhythm Changes in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200237. [PMID: 36403250 PMCID: PMC10199146 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions in circadian rhythms can occur in healthy aging; however, these changes are more severe and pervasive in individuals with age-related and neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia. Circadian rhythm alterations are also present in preclinical stages of dementia, for example, in patients with mild cognitive impairments (MCI); thus, providing a unique window of opportunity for early intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies examining the association between relevant changes in circadian rhythms and their relationship with cognitive dysfunctions in MCI individuals. In this review, circadian system alterations occurring in MCI patients are examined compared to healthy aging individuals while also considering their association with MCI neurocognitive alterations. The main findings are that abnormal circadian changes in rest-activity, core body temperature, melatonin, and cortisol rhythms appear in the MCI stage and that these circadian rhythm disruptions are associated with some of the neurocognitive deficits observed in MCI patients. In addition, preliminary evidence indicates that interventions aimed at restoring regular circadian rhythms may prevent or halt the progress of neurodegenerative diseases and mitigate their related cognitive impairments. Future longitudinal studies with repeated follow-up assessments are needed to establish the translational potential of these findings in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Keihani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ahmad Mayeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Ou S, Cao Y, Xie T, Jiang T, Li J, Luo W, Ma N. Effect of homeostatic pressure and circadian arousal on the storage and executive components of working memory: Evidence from EEG power spectrum. Biol Psychol 2023; 184:108721. [PMID: 37952693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal fluctuations in working memory (WM) performance, characterized by task-specific peaks and troughs, are likely attributed to the differential regulation of WM subcomponents by interactions between circadian and homeostatic processes. The current study aimed to investigate the independent effects of circadian and homeostatic processes on the storage and executive subcomponents of WM. We assessed the change in frontal-midline theta (FMT) power supporting WM executive component and posterior alpha/beta power supporting WM storage during N-back tasks in the morning, midafternoon with and without a nap from 31 healthy adults. The results suggested that when the accumulated sleep homeostasis was alleviated in the midafternoon by a daytime nap, higher ACC, less number of omissions, and a stronger increase in FMT power from the no nap to nap conditions. Compared to the morning, a stronger decrease in posterior alpha power, and posterior beta power (only in the 3-back task), was observed in the no-nap condition because of circadian arousal regulation. These findings suggest that the circadian process primarily influences the storage aspect of WM supported by posterior alpha and beta activity, while sleep homeostasis has a greater impact on the execution aspect supported by FMT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simei Ou
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yixuan Cao
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Tianxiang Jiang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, China; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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26
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Do C, Suhr JA. Time of Day Effects in the Relationships Between Daytime Sleepiness, Current Arousal, and Cognitive Performance. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:1124-1130. [PMID: 36966744 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Daytime sleepiness is commonly reported among older adults. Additionally, aging is associated with a shift toward greater alertness in the morning that wanes throughout the day. The impact of time of day of testing on the relationships between daytime sleepiness and cognition is unknown. METHODS We explored the effects of time of testing in relation to self-reported daytime sleepiness/current arousal and cognition among 133 older adults. RESULTS Time of testing moderated the relationship between daytime sleepiness and immediate learning/memory, with greater sleepiness being associated with poorer performance in the afternoon, but not morning. Time of testing also moderated the relationship between current arousal and processing speed, with lower arousal being associated with worse performance in the afternoon. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that time of testing is important to account for when assessing sleepiness and cognition in older adults and that consideration should be given to how sleepiness is measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cardinal Do
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Julie A Suhr
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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27
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Abdul Jafar NK, Tham EK, Eng DZ, Rifkin-Graboi A, Gooley JJ, Goh DY, Teoh OH, Lee YS, Shek LPC, Yap F, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Meaney MJ, Cai S, Broekman BF. Chronotype and time-of-day effects on spatial working memory in preschool children. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:1717-1726. [PMID: 37143359 PMCID: PMC10545990 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Spatial working memory (SWM) capacity subserves complex cognitive functions, yet it is unclear whether individual diurnal preferences and time-of-day influence SWM in preschool children. The main and interaction effects of chronotype and time-of-day on SWM and SWM differences in preschoolers with different chronotypes within each time-of-day group will be examined. METHODS We studied a subset of typically developing 4.5-year-olds taking part in a birth cohort study (n = 359). The Children's Chronotype Questionnaire categorized children into morning-, intermediate-, and evening-types. Using a computerized neuropsychological test (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery), SWM was determined from the total number of between-search errors (ie, between search-total errors) and Strategy scores. Higher between search-total errors or lower Strategy scores indicated worse SWM. Time-of-day was categorized into late morning (10:00 am to 11:59 am), afternoon (12:00 pm to 3:59 pm), and late afternoon (4:00 pm to 6:30 pm). In a subsample (n = 199), caregiver-reported chronotype was validated using actigraphy-measured sleep midpoint. RESULTS After controlling for ethnicity, no significant main and interaction effects of chronotype and time-of-day on between search-total errors and Strategy scores were seen (all P > .05). However, evening-types outperformed morning-types (ie, lower mean between search-total errors) in the late afternoon (P = .013) but not in the late morning and afternoon (all P > .05). Actigraphy data in the subsample confirmed that evening-types had later sleep midpoints during weekdays and weekends (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Since evening-type preschoolers had better SWM in the late afternoon compared to morning-type preschoolers, this gives insights into optimal learning opportunities in early childhood education. CITATION Abdul Jafar NK, Tham EKH, Eng DZH, et al. Chronotype and time-of-day effects on spatial working memory in preschool children. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(10):1717-1726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur K. Abdul Jafar
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Elaine K.H. Tham
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Derric Z.H. Eng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- Centre for Research in Child Development, Office of Educational Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Joshua J. Gooley
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Daniel Y.T. Goh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Oon-Hoe Teoh
- Respiratory Medicine Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yung S. Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Shirong Cai
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birit F.P. Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, OLVG and Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Costa CMA, Narciso FV, Brant VM, Silva A, Borba DDA, Rosa JPP, Wanner SP, Romano-Silva MA, de Mello MT. Can the inner eye canthus temperature be used as an alternative method to measure core temperature in sleep-deprived individuals? J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103716. [PMID: 37806067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Core temperature is used in several situations, including studies on biological rhythms and circadian markers of physical performance. Measuring the inner eye canthus (Tco) temperature is a method proposed to identify core temperature, but it has shown little concordance in physical exercise situations and has not yet been used in studies with measurements taken throughout the day. The objective of this study was to compare the measurements and daily behavior of Tco obtained by infrared thermography with rectal temperature (Tre) during a prolonged waking protocol. Eleven male individuals participated in the study, who remained in the laboratory for at least 38 h using an actigraph to determine the wakefulness time and were monitored during the entire period. The Tre and Tco measurements were performed every 3 h. The ANOVA was used for repeated measurements followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test to find the limits of concordance/proximity, while the Bland and Altman method and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient were used to establish the reliability between the pairs. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05. The results demonstrate significant differences, low levels of concordance and unsatisfactory reliability levels between Tco and Tre at all 13 analyzed moments, in addition to not showing measurement reliability when all data are used together with the 143 temperature measurements. Daily behavior analysis shows moments with similar behavior with an increase in Tco and Tre, but at other times the behavior was the opposite, with a decrease in one measurement and an increase in the other. Based on the results presented, it is not recommended to use the inner eye canthus temperature as a substitute for rectal temperature for measuring core temperature at different times of the day or in sleep-deprived individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Magno Amaral Costa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Rio Pomba, Rio Pomba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Veruska Narciso
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Centro Universitário Mario Palmério (UNIFUCAMP), Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Valdênio Martins Brant
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Silva
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Diego de Alcantara Borba
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Science and of Movement, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Pereira Rosa
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Department of Sports, Physical Education School, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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29
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Vidueira VF, Booth JN, Saunders DH, Sproule J, Turner AP. Circadian preference and physical and cognitive performance in adolescence: A scoping review. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1296-1331. [PMID: 37781788 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial period of development which coincides with changes in circadian rhythmicity. This may augment the impact of circadian preference on performance in this group. We aimed to scope the literature available on chronotypes and their effect on physical and mental aspects of performance in adolescents. Studies were identified by systematically searching bibliographical databases and grey literature. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was the most frequently reported tool for circadian preference assessment. Academic achievement was the most prevailing outcome, with evidence suggesting that morning type adolescents tend to outperform evening types, yet the results vary depending on multiple factors. Performance in tests of intelligence and executive functions was generally better at optimal times of the day (synchrony effect). Physical performance was examined in 8 studies, with very heterogeneous outcomes. Although the associations between circadian preference and performance in adolescents are evident in some areas, there are many factors that may be involved in the relationship and require further investigation. This review highlights the assessment of physical performance in relation to chronotypes, the multidimensional assessment of circadian preference, and the need for longitudinal studies as priorities for further research.Protocol: OSF Registration - Public registration, DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/UCA3Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Vidueira
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josie N Booth
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Education, Community and Society (IECS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David H Saunders
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Sproule
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anthony P Turner
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), Human Performance Science Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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30
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Tseng H, Damian MF. Exploring synchrony effects in performance on tasks involving cognitive inhibition: An online study of young adults. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1209-1223. [PMID: 37700626 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition is one of the core components of cognitive control. In experimental tasks which measure cognitive inhibition, performance may vary according to an interplay of individuals' chronotype and the time of day of testing ("synchrony effect", or the beneficial impact on cognitive performance of aligning testing with the time of day preferred by an individual's chronotype). Some prior studies have reported a synchrony effect specifically emerging in activities which require cognitive inhibition, but not in general processing speed, but existing findings are inconsistent. If genuine, synchrony effects should be taken into account when comparing groups of participants. Here we explored whether synchrony effects emerge in a sample of young adults. In a multi-part online study, we captured various components of inhibition (response suppression; inhibitory control; switching) plus a general measure of processing speed across various times of the day. Individuals' chronotype was included as a predictor of performance. Critically, we found no evidence of a synchrony effect (an association between chronotype and component of interest where the directionality is dependent on time of testing) in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Tseng
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Markus F Damian
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Moon JM, Dufner TJ, Wells AJ. Evaluating the effects of PeakATP ® supplementation on visuomotor reaction time and cognitive function following high-intensity sprint exercise. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1237678. [PMID: 37599676 PMCID: PMC10436484 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1237678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 14-days adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) supplementation (PeakATP®) on reaction time (RT), multiple object tracking speed (MOT), mood and cognition. Twenty adults (22.3 ± 4.4 yrs., 169.9 ± 9.5 cm, 78.7 ± 14.6 kg) completed two experimental trials in a double-blind, counter-balanced, crossover design. Subjects were randomized to either PeakATP® (400 mg) or placebo (PLA) and supplemented for 14-days prior to each trial. During each trial, subjects completed a three-minute all-out test on a cycle ergometer (3MT), with measures of visuomotor RT [Dynavision D2 Proactive (Mode A) and Reactive (Mode B) tasks], MOT (Neurotracker), mood (Profile of Mood States Questionnaire; POMS) and cognition (Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics; ANAM) occurring before (PRE), immediately post (IP) and 60 min post-3MT (60P). Subjects ingested an acute dose of the assigned supplement 30 min prior to completing PRE assessments for each trial. Trials were separated by a 14-day washout period. PeakATP® significantly attenuated declines in hits (p = 0.006, ηp2 = 0.235) and average RT (AvgRT, p = 0.006, ηp2 = 0.236) in Mode A, significantly improved AvgRT (p = 0.039, ηp2 = 0.174) in Mode B, and significantly reduced the total number of misses (p = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.343) in Mode B. No differences between treatments were noted for MOT, POMS or ANAM variables. In conclusion, these results indicate that PeakATP® maintains proactive RT and improves reactive RT following high-intensity sprint exercise suggesting that supplemental ATP may mitigate exercise induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam J. Wells
- Exercise Physiology, Intervention, and Collaboration Lab, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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32
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Mayor E, Bietti LM, Canales-Rodríguez EJ. Text as signal. A tutorial with case studies focusing on social media (Twitter). Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:2595-2620. [PMID: 35879505 PMCID: PMC9311346 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sentiment analysis is the automated coding of emotions expressed in text. Sentiment analysis and other types of analyses focusing on the automatic coding of textual documents are increasingly popular in psychology and computer science. However, the potential of treating automatically coded text collected with regular sampling intervals as a signal is currently overlooked. We use the phrase "text as signal" to refer to the application of signal processing techniques to coded textual documents sampled with regularity. In order to illustrate the potential of treating text as signal, we introduce the reader to a variety of such techniques in a tutorial with two case studies in the realm of social media analysis. First, we apply finite response impulse filtering to emotion-coded tweets posted during the US Election Week of 2020 and discuss the visualization of the resulting variation in the filtered signal. We use changepoint detection to highlight the important changes in the emotional signals. Then we examine data interpolation, analysis of periodicity via the fast Fourier transform (FFT), and FFT filtering to personal value-coded tweets from November 2019 to October 2020 and link the variation in the filtered signal to some of the epoch-defining events occurring during this period. Finally, we use block bootstrapping to estimate the variability/uncertainty in the resulting filtered signals. After working through the tutorial, the readers will understand the basics of signal processing to analyze regularly sampled coded text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mayor
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Lucas M Bietti
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Bem-Haja P, Silva A, Rosa C, Queiroz DF, Barroso T, Cerri L, Alves MF, Silva CF, Santos IM. Chronotype and Time of Day Effects on a Famous Face Recognition Task with Dynamic Stimuli. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2023; 16:51-61. [PMID: 38106959 PMCID: PMC10723745 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronotype and Time of Day (ToD) can modulate several aspects of cognitive performance. However, there is limited evidence about the effect of these variables on face recognition performance, so the aim of the present study is to investigate this influence. For this, 274 participants (82.5% females; age 18-49 years old, mean = 27.2, SD = 1.82) were shown 20 short videoclips, each gradually morphing from a general identity unfamiliar face to a famous face. Participants should press the spacebar to stop each video as soon as they could identify the famous face, and then provide the name or an unequivocal description of the person. Analysis of response times (RT) showed that evening-types recognised the faces faster than morning-types. Considering different ToD windows, the effect of chronotype was only significant in the 13h-17h and in the 21h-6h time-windows. Altogether, results suggest an advantage of evening-types on famous face recognition using dynamic stimuli with morning-types, being particularly slower during their non-optimal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Bem-Haja
- CINTESIS@RISE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - André Silva
- University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Catarina Rosa
- CINTESIS@RISE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Diâner F. Queiroz
- University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Talles Barroso
- University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Luíza Cerri
- University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Miguel F. Alves
- University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Carlos F. Silva
- William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Isabel M. Santos
- William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
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Lammer L, Beyer F, Luppa M, Sanders C, Baber R, Engel C, Wirkner K, Loffler M, Riedel-Heller SG, Villringer A, Witte AV. Impact of social isolation on grey matter structure and cognitive functions: A population-based longitudinal neuroimaging study. eLife 2023; 12:e83660. [PMID: 37337666 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social isolation has been suggested to increase the risk to develop cognitive decline. However, our knowledge on causality and neurobiological underpinnings is still limited. Methods In this preregistered analysis, we tested the impact of social isolation on central features of brain and cognitive ageing using a longitudinal population-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. We assayed 1992 cognitively healthy participants (50-82years old, 921women) at baseline and 1409 participants after~6y follow-up. Results We found baseline social isolation and change in social isolation to be associated with smaller volumes of the hippocampus and clusters of reduced cortical thickness. Furthermore, poorer cognitive functions (memory, processing speed, executive functions) were linked to greater social isolation, too. Conclusions Combining advanced neuroimaging outcomes with prevalent lifestyle characteristics from a well-characterized population of middle- to older aged adults, we provide evidence that social isolation contributes to human brain atrophy and cognitive decline. Within-subject effects of social isolation were similar to between-subject effects, indicating an opportunity to reduce dementia risk by promoting social networks. Funding European Union, European Regional Development Fund, Free State of Saxony, LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, German Research Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenz Lammer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- CRC Obesity Mechanisms, Subproject A1, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Luppa
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Baber
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loffler
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- CRC Obesity Mechanisms, Subproject A1, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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D’Angiulli A, Byczynski G, Yeh WH, Garrett G, Goldfield G, Devenyi P, Devenyi T, Leisman G. Cognitive control, bedtime patterns, and testing time in female adolescent students: behavioral and neuro-electrophysiological correlates. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1022731. [PMID: 37404269 PMCID: PMC10315662 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1022731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shorter and/or disrupted sleep during adolescence is associated with cognitive and mental health risks, particularly in females. We explored the relationship between bedtime behavior patterns co-varying with Social Jet Lag (SJL) and School Start Times (SST) and neurocognitive performance in adolescent female students. Methods To investigate whether time of day (morning vs. afternoon), early SSTs and days of the school week can be correlated with neurocognitive correlates of sleep insufficiency, we recruited 24 female students aged 16-18 to report sleep logs, and undergo event-related electroencephalographic recordings on Monday, Wednesday, mornings, and afternoons. Using a Stroop task paradigm, we analyzed correlations between reaction times (RTs), accuracy, time of day, day of week, electroencephalographic data, and sleep log data to understand what relationships may exist. Results Participants reported a 2-h sleep phase delay and SJL. Stroop interference influenced accuracy on Monday and Wednesday similarly, with better performance in the afternoon. For RTs, the afternoon advantage was much larger on Monday than Wednesday. Midline Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) yielded higher amplitudes and shorter latencies on Wednesday morning and Monday afternoon, in time windows related to attention or response execution. A notable exception were delayed ERP latencies on Wednesday afternoon. The latter could be explained by the fact that delta EEG waves tended to be the most prominent, suggesting heightened error monitoring due to accumulating mental fatigue. Discussion These findings provide insights into the interaction between SJL and SST and suggest evidence-based criteria for planning when female adolescents should engage in cognitive-heavy school activities such as tests or exams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo D’Angiulli
- Neuroscience of Imagination, Cognition and Emotion Research Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel Byczynski
- School of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wei-Hsien Yeh
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - George Garrett
- Ministry of Children and Family Development, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Gary Goldfield
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Devenyi
- Neuroscience of Imagination, Cognition and Emotion Research Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tibor Devenyi
- Neuroscience of Imagination, Cognition and Emotion Research Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gerry Leisman
- Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Science, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of the Medical Science, Havana, Cuba
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36
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Hulme RC, Rodd JM. The Role of Sleep in Learning New Meanings for Familiar Words through Stories. J Cogn 2023; 6:27. [PMID: 37334107 PMCID: PMC10275344 DOI: 10.5334/joc.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults often learn new meanings for familiar words, and in doing so they must integrate information about the newly-acquired meanings with existing knowledge about the prior meanings of the words in their mental lexicon. Numerous studies have confirmed the importance of sleep for learning novel word forms (e.g., "cathedruke") either with or without associated meanings. By teaching participants new meanings for familiar word forms, this is the first study to focus exclusively on the specific role of sleep on learning word meanings. In two experiments participants were trained on new meanings for familiar words through a naturalistic story reading paradigm to minimize explicit learning strategies. Experiment 1 confirmed the benefit of sleep for recall and recognition of word meanings, with better retention after 12 hours including overnight sleep than 12 hours awake. Experiment 2, which was preregistered, further explored this sleep benefit. Recall performance was best in the condition in which participants slept immediately after exposure and were tested soon after they woke up, compared with three conditions which all included an extended period of wake during which they would encounter their normal language environment. The results are consistent with the view that, at least under these learning conditions, a benefit of sleep arises due to passive protection from linguistic interference while asleep, rather than being due to active consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael C. Hulme
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer M. Rodd
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Jia Y, Tian Y, Wang H, Lei X. Functional connectivity from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex mediates the impact of social jetlag on depressive tendency in young adults. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:824-833. [PMID: 37190780 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2212755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Social jetlag (SJL), a form of circadian rhythm disturbance, is linked to depressive symptoms; however, it is unclear what role the brain network, particularly the reward and cognitive control circuits, plays in this association. To address this issue, employing the ventral striatum (VS) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as seeds, we used voxel-level whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) to determine the neural basis of the association between SJL and depressive tendency. Behavioral results indicated that SJL was positively associated with depression scores. Functional connection results showed that higher SJL was linked with decreased FC between the inferior orbitofrontal cortex and the VS. For DLPFC, we discovered changed FC in frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes related to SJL. More importantly, the mediation analysis revealed that the DLPFC-cuneus FC significantly mediated the relationship between SJL and depression scores. According to our study, higher SJL showed abnormal FC from the VS and DLPFC, which may involve attention impairments, cognitive control and reward function. Our results suggest that brain FC involving visual attention may explain the relationship between SJL and depressive tendency. This may offer new insights into the neural underpinnings of how circadian misalignment leads to mood issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haien Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
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Rajesh A, Betzel R, Daugherty AM, Noice T, Noice H, Baniqued PL, Voss MW, Kramer AF. Evaluating brain modularity benefits of an acting intervention: a discriminant-analysis framework. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1114804. [PMID: 37213930 PMCID: PMC10192551 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1114804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aging is associated with a reduction in brain modularity as well as aspects of executive function, namely, updating, shifting, and inhibition. Previous research has suggested that the aging brain exhibits plasticity. Further, it has been hypothesized that broad-based intervention models may be more effective in eliciting overall gains in executive function than interventions targeted at specific executive skills (e.g., computer-based training). To this end, we designed a 4-week theater-based acting intervention in older adults within an RCT framework. We hypothesized that older adults would show improvements in brain modularity and aspects of executive function, ascribed to the acting intervention. Materials and methods The participants were 179 adults from the community, aged 60-89 years and on average, college educated. They completed a battery of executive function tasks and resting state functional MRI scans to measure brain network modularity pre- and post-intervention. Participants in the active intervention group (n = 93) enacted scenes with a partner that involved executive function, whereas the active control group (n = 86) learned about the history and styles of acting. Both groups met two times/week for 75-min for 4 weeks. A mixed model was used to evaluate intervention effects related to brain modularity. Discriminant-analysis was used to determine the role of seven executive functioning tasks in discriminating the two groups. These tasks indexed subdomains of updating, switching, and inhibition. Discriminant tasks were subject to a logistic regression analysis to determine how post-intervention executive function performance interacted with changes in modularity to predict group membership. Results We noted an increase in brain modularity in the acting group, relative to pre-intervention and controls. Performance on updating tasks were representative of the intervention group. However, post-intervention performance on updating did not interact with the observed increase in brain modularity to distinguish groups. Conclusion An acting intervention can facilitate improvements in modularity and updating, both of which are sensitive to aging and may confer benefits to daily functioning and the ability to learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Rajesh
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Richard Betzel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Tony Noice
- Department of Theater and Dance, Elmhurst University, Elmhurst, IL, United States
| | - Helga Noice
- Department of Theater and Dance, Elmhurst University, Elmhurst, IL, United States
| | - Pauline L Baniqued
- USC Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning, and Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Ning E, Cladek A, Ross MK, Kabir S, Barve A, Kennelly E, Hussain F, Duffecy J, Langenecker SL, Nguyen T, Tulabandhula T, Zulueta J, Ajilore O, Demos AP, Leow A. Smartphone-derived Virtual Keyboard Dynamics Coupled with Accelerometer Data as a Window into Understanding Brain Health: Smartphone Keyboard and Accelerometer as Window into Brain Health. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIGCHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS. CHI CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:326. [PMID: 38115842 PMCID: PMC10729731 DOI: 10.1145/3544548.3580906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We examine the feasibility of using accelerometer data exclusively collected during typing on a custom smartphone keyboard to study whether typing dynamics are associated with daily variations in mood and cognition. As part of an ongoing digital mental health study involving mood disorders, we collected data from a well-characterized clinical sample (N = 85) and classified accelerometer data per typing session into orientation (upright vs. not) and motion (active vs. not). The mood disorder group showed lower cognitive performance despite mild symptoms (depression/mania). There were also diurnal pattern differences with respect to cognitive performance: individuals with higher cognitive performance typed faster and were less sensitive to time of day. They also exhibited more well-defined diurnal patterns in smartphone keyboard usage: they engaged with the keyboard more during the day and tapered their usage more at night compared to those with lower cognitive performance, suggesting a healthier usage of their phone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ning
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea Cladek
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mindy K Ross
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Kabir
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amruta Barve
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Faraz Hussain
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - John Zulueta
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Leow
- University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Ceolini E, Ghosh A. Common multi-day rhythms in smartphone behavior. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:49. [PMID: 36959382 PMCID: PMC10036334 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea that abnormal human activities follow multi-day rhythms is found in ancient beliefs on the moon to modern clinical observations in epilepsy and mood disorders. To explore multi-day rhythms in healthy human behavior our analysis includes over 300 million smartphone touchscreen interactions logging up to 2 years of day-to-day activities (N401 subjects). At the level of each individual, we find a complex expression of multi-day rhythms where the rhythms occur scattered across diverse smartphone behaviors. With non-negative matrix factorization, we extract the scattered rhythms to reveal periods ranging from 7 to 52 days - cutting across age and gender. The rhythms are likely free-running - instead of being ubiquitously driven by the moon - as they did not show broad population-level synchronization even though the sampled population lived in northern Europe. We propose that multi-day rhythms are a common trait, but their consequences are uniquely experienced in day-to-day behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Ceolini
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arko Ghosh
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Karvelis P, Paulus MP, Diaconescu AO. Individual differences in computational psychiatry: a review of current challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105137. [PMID: 36940888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Bringing precision to the understanding and treatment of mental disorders requires instruments for studying clinically relevant individual differences. One promising approach is the development of computational assays: integrating computational models with cognitive tasks to infer latent patient-specific disease processes in brain computations. While recent years have seen many methodological advancements in computational modelling and many cross-sectional patient studies, much less attention has been paid to basic psychometric properties (reliability and construct validity) of the computational measures provided by the assays. In this review, we assess the extent of this issue by examining emerging empirical evidence. We find that many computational measures suffer from poor psychometric properties, which poses a risk of invalidating previous findings and undermining ongoing research efforts using computational assays to study individual (and even group) differences. We provide recommendations for how to address these problems and, crucially, embed them within a broader perspective on key developments that are needed for translating computational assays to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Karvelis
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Andreea O Diaconescu
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Fafrowicz M, Ceglarek A, Olszewska J, Sobczak A, Bohaterewicz B, Ostrogorska M, Reuter-Lorenz P, Lewandowska K, Sikora-Wachowicz B, Oginska H, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Marek T. Dynamics of working memory process revealed by independent component analysis in an fMRI study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2900. [PMID: 36808174 PMCID: PMC9938907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human memory is prone to errors in many everyday activities but also when cultivating hobbies such as traveling and/or learning a new language. For instance, while visiting foreign countries, people erroneously recall foreign language words that are meaningless to them. Our research simulated such errors in a modified Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm for short-term memory with phonologically related stimuli aimed at uncovering behavioral and neuronal indices of false memory formation with regard to time-of-day, a variable known to influence memory. Fifty-eight participants were tested in a magnetic resonance (MR) scanner twice. The results of an Independent Component Analysis revealed encoding-related activity of the medial visual network preceding correct recognition of positive probes and correct rejection of lure probes. The engagement of this network preceding false alarms was not observed. We also explored if diurnal rhythmicity influences working memory processes. Diurnal differences were seen in the default mode network and the medial visual network with lower deactivation in the evening hours. The GLM results showed greater activation of the right lingual gyrus, part of the visual cortex and the left cerebellum in the evening. The study offers new insight into the mechanisms associated with false memories, suggesting that deficient engagement of the medial visual network during the memorization phase of a task results in short-term memory distortions. The results shed new light on the dynamics of working memory processes by taking into account the effect of time-of-day on memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Fafrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza Street 4, 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Ceglarek
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza Street 4, 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Justyna Olszewska
- grid.267474.40000 0001 0674 4543Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI USA
| | - Anna Sobczak
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza Street 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bohaterewicz
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541Department of Psychology of Individual Differences, Psychological Diagnosis and Psychometrics, Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ostrogorska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Chair of Radiology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patricia Reuter-Lorenz
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Koryna Lewandowska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza Street 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Sikora-Wachowicz
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza Street 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Halszka Oginska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza Street 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza Street 4, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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DesRuisseaux LA, Suchy Y, Franchow EI. Intra-individual variability identifies individuals vulnerable to contextually induced executive lapses. Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 37:322-349. [PMID: 35392764 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2055651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Contextual stressors, such as engagement in burdensome emotion regulation known as expressive suppression (ES), can result in transient but clinically meaningful decrement in performance on measures of executive functioning (EF). The goal of the present investigation was to examine whether intra-individual variability (IIV-I), which has been identified as an indicator of cognitive weakness, could serve as a marker of vulnerability to EF decrements due to both naturally-occurring and experimentally-manipulated ES. In Study 1, 180 cognitively healthy older adults completed the Push-Turn-Taptap (PTT) task to assess IIV-I, four Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) subtests to assess EF, and the Burden of State Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (B-SERQ) to assess naturally-occurring ES. In Study 2, a subset (n = 81) of participants underwent experimental manipulation to induce ES, followed by second administration of the D-KEFS to examine ES-induced decrements in EF. In Study 1, hierarchical linear regression yielded a significant interaction between ES and IIV-I as predictors of EF performance, demonstrating that high ES was associated with low EF only among individuals with high IIV-I. In Study 2, repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated an interaction between time (pre- vs. post- manipulation), group (ES vs. control), and IIV-I (high vs. low), such that only individuals who exhibited high IIV-I were negatively impacted by the ES manipulation. IIV-I moderates the association between ES and EF, such that only individuals with high IIV-I exhibit vulnerability to the impact of ES. Thus, IIV-I may act as a marker of vulnerability to temporary EF depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yana Suchy
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emilie I Franchow
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Advocate Aurora Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Jankowski KS, Díaz-Morales JF, Vollmer C. Chronotype, Time of Day, and Performance on Intelligence Tests in the School Setting. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11010013. [PMID: 36662143 PMCID: PMC9862939 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Research suggests the existence of an association between chronotype and intellectual performance, but the nature of this link remains unclear. Studies conducted in a laboratory setting point to the synchrony effect (better performance at a person's preferred time of day) for fluid intelligence, but not for crystallized intelligence, whereas studies that have analyzed students' grades suggest that the effect exists for both. In the present study, we aimed to verify the synchrony effect by applying direct measures of crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence, and subjective sleepiness-alertness in a sample of high school students during their morning or afternoon class. The results revealed a synchrony effect for crystallized, but not for fluid intelligence. During morning class, students with a morning chronotype performed better than evening chronotypes on a test of crystallized intelligence, whereas during afternoon class there was no difference between chronotypes. The association resulted from decreased performance during morning class in evening chronotypes that improved during afternoon class and constant performance in morning chronotypes. These effects were independent of sleepiness-alertness levels. The results suggest that individual differences between chronotypes may be important for tasks performed during morning classes, but not during afternoon ones, and that performance across school days may depend on time of day in evening chronotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad S. Jankowski
- Department of Psychology, University of Warsaw, 00-183 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Francisco Díaz-Morales
- Department of Social Psychology, Work and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Vollmer
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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The Interplay between Chronotype and Emotion Regulation in the Recognition of Facial Expressions of Emotion. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 13:bs13010038. [PMID: 36661610 PMCID: PMC9855169 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation strategies affect the experience and processing of emotions and emotional stimuli. Chronotype has also been shown to influence the processing of emotional stimuli, with late chronotypes showing a bias towards better processing of negative stimuli. Additionally, greater eveningness has been associated with increased difficulties in emotion regulation and preferential use of expressive suppression strategies. Therefore, the present study aimed to understand the interplay between chronotype and emotion regulation on the recognition of dynamic facial expressions of emotion. To that end, 287 participants answered self-report measures and performed an online facial emotion recognition task from short video clips where a neutral face gradually morphed into a full-emotion expression (one of the six basic emotions). Participants should press the spacebar to stop each video as soon as they could recognize the emotional expression, and then identify it from six provided labels/emotions. Greater eveningness was associated with shorter response times (RT) in the identification of sadness, disgust and happiness. Higher scores of expressive suppression were associated with longer RT in identifying sadness, disgust, anger and surprise. Expressive suppression significantly moderated the relationship between chronotype and the recognition of sadness and anger, with chronotype being a significant predictor of emotion recognition times only at higher levels of expressive suppression. No significant effects were observed for cognitive reappraisal. These results are consistent with a negative bias in emotion processing in late chronotypes and increased difficulty in anger and sadness recognition for expressive suppressor morning-types.
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Sirohi P, Khan MH, Sharma S, Nuhmani S, Al Muslem WH, Abualait T. A systematic review of effects of daytime napping strategies on sports performance in physically active individuals with and without partial-sleep deprivation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14460. [PMID: 36518294 PMCID: PMC9744144 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep is the body's natural recovery process, restoring routine metabolic and regulatory functions. Various sleep interventions have been developed to facilitate recovery, and athletic performance, and daytime napping are among them. However, due to inconsistencies in studies, it remains unclear whether daytime napping affects sports performance. This article aims to review the effects of daytime napping on various variables of sports performance in physically active individuals with and without partial-sleep deprivation. Methods A systematic search in three clinical databases, namely Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, and Web of Science, was conducted. To be included in the current review, the study should be a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the influence of daytime napping on one or more components of sports performance in healthy adults, 18 years old or older. Results In the accessible data available until December 2021, 1,094 records were found, of which 12 relevant randomized controlled trials were selected for qualitative synthesis. The majority of studies reported favourable effects of daytime napping on sports performance. However, only one study reported no significant impact, possibly due to a different methodological approach and a shorter nap duration. Conclusion Napping strategies optimize sports performance in physically active, athletic populations, benefitting partially sleep-deprived and well-slept individuals, with longer nap durations (~90 min) having more significant advantages. Daytime naps can be considered as cost-efficient, self-administered methods promoting recovery of body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sirohi
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Moazzam Hussain Khan
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibili Nuhmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Hashem Al Muslem
- Department of Physical Therapy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Abualait
- Department of Physical Therapy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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McFadden S, Sime LN, Cox MKF, Findley CA, Peck MR, Quinn K, Fang Y, Bartke A, Hascup ER, Hascup KN. Chronic, Mild Hypothermic Environmental Temperature does not Ameliorate Cognitive Deficits in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022:6832816. [PMID: 36398842 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction increases with age and is a contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. We have previously observed impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in the APP/PS1 model of AD. To improve these parameters, we chronically exposed male and female mice to mild hypothermic environmental temperature (eT), which positively modulates metabolism. Although a hypothermic eT normalized insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance was still impaired in both sexes of AD mice. We observed increased plasma glucagon and BAFF in both sexes, but additional sexually dimorphic mechanisms may explain the impaired glucose homeostasis in AD mice. Hepatic Glut2 was decreased in female while visceral adipose tissue TNFα was increased in male APP/PS1 mice. A mild hypothermic eT did not improve spatial learning and memory in either sex and increased amyloid plaque burden in male APP/PS1 mice. Overall, plasma markers of glucose homeostasis and AD pathology were worse in female compared to male APP/PS1 mice suggesting a faster disease progression. This could affect therapeutic outcome if interventional strategies are administered at the same chronological age to male and female APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, this data suggests a dichotomy exists between mechanisms to improve metabolic function and cognitive health that may be further impaired in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel McFadden
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey N Sime
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Ma Kayla F Cox
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Caleigh A Findley
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Mackenzie R Peck
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erin R Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin N Hascup
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Neurosciences Institute, Springfield, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Francisco AP, Tonon AC, Amando GR, Hidalgo MP. Self-perceived rhythmicity in affective and cognitive functions is related to psychiatric symptoms in adolescents. Chronobiol Int 2022; 40:103-113. [PMID: 36377323 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2147078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between self-perceived rhythms measured using the Mood Rhythm Instrument for adolescents (MRhI-Y) and depressive and psychiatric symptoms measured with the Children's Depressive Instrument (CDI) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). In this study, 186 adolescents were recruited in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We performed a Spearman correlation analysis to evaluate the relationships between quantitative variables. All variables that had a statistically significant correlation were included in ANOVA multiple regression models. The dependent variables in the multiple regression analyses were CDI score and total and emotional scores on the SDQ. We found that only Cognitive self-perceived rhythmicity contributed significantly to the first multiple regression with CDI as the outcome variable. The second regression with SDQ Emotional score as the outcome variable showed that female sex, age, and self-perceived affective rhythmicity contributed significantly to the model. The third regression with SDQ total score as the outcome variable showed that chronotype, self-perceived cognitive symptoms, and affective rhythmicity contributed significantly to the model. In conclusion, we found that lower self-perceived rhythmicity in cognitive factors and higher self-perceived rhythmicity in affective factors were related to presence and intensity of psychiatric and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Francisco
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andre Comiran Tonon
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rodriguez Amando
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Wang J, Li YR, Jiang CQ, Zhang WS, Zhu T, Zhu F, Jin YL, Lam TH, Cheng KK, Xu L. Chronotype and cognitive function: Observational study and bidirectional Mendelian randomization. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101713. [PMID: 36467458 PMCID: PMC9716330 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association has been found between chronotype and cognitive function in conventional observational studies but whether this association is causal and if so, its direction, is uncertain. There are also concerns among people with later chronotype that their habits may be detrimental to cognitive function. METHODS We analyzed the association between chronotype (measured as sleep midpoint) and cognitive function (measured by Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Delayed Word Recall Test (DWRT)) using multivariable linear regression on 14,582 participants in the Guangzhou biobank cohort study (GBCS) from 2008 to 2012. Using bidirectional Mendelian randomization, we used 207 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with chronotype from the combination of UK Biobank and 23andMe (n = 697,828), and 127 SNPs associated with cognitive function from the combination of UK Biobank and COGENT consortium (n = 257,841). FINDINGS Observationally in GBCS, later chronotype was associated with better cognitive function (MMSE scores: β = 0.14 per hour; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09-0.19; DWRT scores: β = 0.07 per hour; 95% CI, 0.04-0.11). Bidirectional MR showed genetic predisposition to early, versus later, chronotype was not associated with cognitive function using inverse-variance weighted (β = -0.02; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.01). However, better cognitive function was associated with decreased odds of early chronotype (UK Biobank: odds ratio = 0.88 per standardized score; 95% CI, 0.83-0.93; 23andMe: 0.87 per standardized score; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95). INTERPRETATION It is a reassuring finding for adults with later chronotype who may be concerned if such a habit has a negative impact on cognitive function. FUNDING The National Natural Science Foundation of China; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong; The University of Hong Kong Foundation for Educational Development and Research; The Health Medical Research Fund in Hong Kong; The University of Birmingham, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ru Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Wei Sen Zhang
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Li Jin
- Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kar Keung Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Corresponding author. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Corresponding author. Professor Lin Xu, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), No. 74, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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50
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Lipinska G, Austin H, Moonsamy JR, Henry M, Lewis R, Baldwin DS, Thomas KGF, Stuart B. Preferential consolidation of emotional reactivity during sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:976047. [PMID: 36268469 PMCID: PMC9578377 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.976047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated whether sleep affects cognitively unmodulated reactivity to emotional stimuli. These studies operationalize emotion regulation by using subjective and/or objective measures to compare pre- and post-sleep reactivity to the same emotional stimuli. Findings have been inconsistent: some show that sleep attenuates emotional reactivity, whereas others report enhanced or maintained reactivity. Across-study methodological differences may account for discrepant findings. To resolve the questions of whether sleep leads to the attenuation, enhancement, or maintenance of emotional reactivity, and under which experimental conditions particular effects are observed, we undertook a synthesized narrative and meta-analytic approach. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles, using search terms determined a priori and search limits of language = English, participants = human, and dates = January 2006–June 2021. Our final sample included 24 studies that investigated changes in emotional reactivity in response to negatively and/or positively valenced material compared to neutral material over a period of sleep compared to a matched period of waking. Primary analyses used random effects modeling to investigate whether sleep preferentially modulates reactivity in response to emotional stimuli; secondary analyses examined potential moderators of the effect. Results showed that sleep (or equivalent periods of wakefulness) did not significantly affect psychophysiological measures of reactivity to negative or neutral stimuli. However, self-reported arousal ratings of negative stimuli were significantly increased post-sleep but not post-waking. Sub-group analyses indicated that (a) sleep-deprived participants, compared to those who slept or who experienced daytime waking, reacted more strongly and negatively in response to positive stimuli; (b) nap-exposed participants, compared to those who remained awake or who slept a full night, rated negative pictures less negatively; and (c) participants who did not obtain substantial REM sleep, compared to those who did and those exposed to waking conditions, had attenuated reactivity to neutral stimuli. We conclude that sleep may affect emotional reactivity, but that studies need more consistency in methodology, commitment to collecting both psychophysiological and self-report measures, and should report REM sleep parameters. Using these methodological principles would promote a better understanding of under which conditions particular effects are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gosia Lipinska
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Gosia Lipinska
| | - Holly Austin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmin R. Moonsamy
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Henry
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Numeracy Centre, Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Raphaella Lewis
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David S. Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin G. F. Thomas
- UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Beth Stuart
- Centre for Evaluation and Methods, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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