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Wang L, Xu S, Chen R, Ding Y, Liu M, Hou C, Wu Z, Men X, Bao M, He B, Li S. Exploring the causal association between epigenetic clocks and menopause age: insights from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1429514. [PMID: 39247918 PMCID: PMC11377254 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1429514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests a connection between DNA methylation (DNAm) aging and reproductive aging. However, the causal relationship between DNAm and age at menopause remains uncertain. Methods Employing established DNAm epigenetic clocks, such as DNAm Hannum age acceleration (Hannum), Intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA), DNAm-estimated granulocyte proportions (Gran), DNAm GrimAge acceleration (GrimAgeAccel), DNAm PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), and DNAm-estimated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels (DNAmPAIadjAge), a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out to explore the potential causality between DNAm and menopausal age. The primary analytical method used was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) estimation model, supplemented by various other estimation techniques. Results DNAm aging acceleration or deceleration, as indicated by Hannum, IEAA, Gran, GrimAgeAccel, PhenoAgeAccel, and DNAmPAIadjAge, did not exhibit a statistically significant causal effect on menopausal age according to forward MR analysis. However, there was a suggestive positive causal association between age at menopause and Gran (Beta = 0.0010; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0004, 0.0020) in reverse MR analysis. Conclusion The observed increase in granulocyte DNAm levels in relation to menopausal age could potentially serve as a valuable indicator for evaluating the physiological status at the onset of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rumeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Wu
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoju Men
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Meihua Bao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Binsheng He
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Duggan MR, Gomez GT, Joynes CM, Bilgel M, Chen J, Fattorelli N, Hohman TJ, Mancuso R, Cordon J, Castellano T, Koran MEI, Candia J, Lewis A, Moghekar A, Ashton NJ, Kac PR, Karikari TK, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Martinez-Muriana A, De Strooper B, Thambisetty M, Ferrucci L, Gottesman RF, Coresh J, Resnick SM, Walker KA. Proteome-wide analysis identifies plasma immune regulators of amyloid-beta progression. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:604-619. [PMID: 38977137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
While immune function is known to play a mechanistic role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), whether immune proteins in peripheral circulation influence the rate of amyloid-β (Aβ) progression - a central feature of AD - remains unknown. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we quantified 942 immunological proteins in plasma and identified 32 (including CAT [catalase], CD36 [CD36 antigen], and KRT19 [keratin 19]) associated with rates of cortical Aβ accumulation measured with positron emission tomography (PET). Longitudinal changes in a subset of candidate proteins also predicted Aβ progression, and the mid- to late-life (20-year) trajectory of one protein, CAT, was associated with late-life Aβ-positive status in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Genetic variation that influenced plasma levels of CAT, CD36 and KRT19 predicted rates of Aβ accumulation, including causal relationships with Aβ PET levels identified with two-sample Mendelian randomization. In addition to associations with tau PET and plasma AD biomarker changes, as well as expression patterns in human microglia subtypes and neurovascular cells in AD brain tissue, we showed that 31 % of candidate proteins were related to mid-life (20-year) or late-life (8-year) dementia risk in ARIC. Our findings reveal plasma proteins associated with longitudinal Aβ accumulation, and identify specific peripheral immune mediators that may contribute to the progression of AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Duggan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriela T Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cassandra M Joynes
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicola Fattorelli
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- Microglia and Inflammation in Neurological Disorders Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jenifer Cordon
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tonnar Castellano
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary Ellen I Koran
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julián Candia
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandria Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Center for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK; Center for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Przemysław R Kac
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; ICM Institute, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, PR China
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Martinez-Muriana
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Departments of Population Health and Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keenan A Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Emmert ME, Emmert AS, Goh Q, Cornwall R. Sexual dimorphisms in skeletal muscle: current concepts and research horizons. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:274-299. [PMID: 38779763 PMCID: PMC11343095 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00529.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex compositional and functional nature of skeletal muscle makes this organ an essential topic of study for biomedical researchers and clinicians. An additional layer of complexity is added with the consideration of sex as a biological variable. Recent research advances have revealed sexual dimorphisms in developmental biology, muscle homeostasis, adaptive responses, and disorders relating to skeletal muscle. Many of the observed sex differences have hormonal and molecular mechanistic underpinnings, whereas others have yet to be elucidated. Future research is needed to investigate the mechanisms dictating sex-based differences in the various aspects of skeletal muscle. As such, it is necessary that skeletal muscle biologists ensure that both female and male subjects are represented in biomedical and clinical studies to facilitate the successful testing and development of therapeutics for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne E Emmert
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Andrew S Emmert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Qingnian Goh
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Roger Cornwall
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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4
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Beaudry K, De Lisio M. Sex-Based Differences in Muscle Stem Cell Regulation Following Exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2024; 52:87-94. [PMID: 38445901 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism, driven by the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen, influences body composition, muscle fiber type, and inflammation. Research related to muscle stem cell (MuSC) responses to exercise has mainly focused on males. We propose a novel hypothesis that there are sex-based differences in MuSC regulation following exercise, such that males have more MuSCs, whereas females demonstrate a greater capacity for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Beaudry
- School of Human Kinetics , Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Program, Centre on Neuromuscular Disease , University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Mitkin NA, Kirilkin GE, Unguryanu TN, Malyutina S, Cook S, Kudryavtsev AV. The relationship between physical performance and alcohol consumption levels in Russian adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1417. [PMID: 38228702 PMCID: PMC10792008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the relationship between alcohol consumption and physical performance, we used data from the 2015-2018 Know Your Heart study on 4215 adults aged 35-69 from Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk, Russia. We classified participants' drinking status into non-drinking, non-problem drinking, hazardous drinking, and harmful drinking based on their self-reported drinking behaviors. To evaluate physical performance, we developed a Composite Physical Performance Scale (CPPS), which combined the results of three functional tests: grip strength (GS), closed-eyes balance, and chair rises (CR). We applied multivariable linear regression to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption and CPPS score, and ordinal logistic regression to explore the associations between alcohol consumption and the three functional tests separately. The results showed that harmful drinking was associated with lower CPPS scores compared to non-problem drinking. Among harmful drinking men, the decrease in CPPS scores was explained by all three tests equally and exceptionally by GS among women. Non-drinking was also associated with decreased CPPS, linked to lower GS and CR scores in men, and only lower GS scores in women. The study revealed a reduced physical performance in the non-drinking and harmful drinking groups compared to non-problem drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Mitkin
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
- International Research Competence Centre, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163069.
| | - German E Kirilkin
- Department of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163069
| | - Tatiana N Unguryanu
- Department of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163069
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, B.Bogatkova Str., 175/1, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630089
- Department of Therapy, Hematology and Transfusiology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect, 52, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630091
| | - Sarah Cook
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Alexander V Kudryavtsev
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
- International Research Competence Centre, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Ave., 51, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163069
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Pataky MW, Kumar AP, Gaul DA, Moore SG, Dasari S, Robinson MM, Klaus KA, Kumar AA, Fernandez FM, Nair KS. Divergent Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Signatures of Different Exercise Training Modes Independently Predict Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Diabetes 2024; 73:23-37. [PMID: 37862464 PMCID: PMC10784655 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the link between enhancement of SI (by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) and muscle metabolites after 12 weeks of aerobic (high-intensity interval training [HIIT]), resistance training (RT), or combined training (CT) exercise in 52 lean healthy individuals. Muscle RNA sequencing revealed a significant association between SI after both HIIT and RT and the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolic pathway. Concurrently with increased expression and activity of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase enzyme, many muscle amino metabolites, including BCAAs, glutamate, phenylalanine, aspartate, asparagine, methionine, and γ-aminobutyric acid, increased with HIIT, supporting the substantial impact of HIIT on amino acid metabolism. Short-chain C3 and C5 acylcarnitines were reduced in muscle with all three training modes, but unlike RT, both HIIT and CT increased tricarboxylic acid metabolites and cardiolipins, supporting greater mitochondrial activity with aerobic training. Conversely, RT and CT increased more plasma membrane phospholipids than HIIT, suggesting a resistance exercise effect on cellular membrane protection against environmental damage. Sex and age contributed modestly to the exercise-induced changes in metabolites and their association with cardiometabolic parameters. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses suggest various clusters of genes and metabolites are involved in distinct effects of HIIT, RT, and CT. These distinct metabolic signatures of different exercise modes independently link each type of exercise training to improved SI and cardiometabolic risk. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS We aimed to understand the link between skeletal muscle metabolites and cardiometabolic health after exercise training. Although aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise training each enhance muscle insulin sensitivity as well as other cardiometabolic parameters, they disparately alter amino and citric acid metabolites as well as the lipidome, linking these metabolomic changes independently to the improvement of cardiometabolic risks with each exercise training mode. These findings reveal an important layer of the unique exercise mode-dependent changes in muscle metabolism, which may eventually lead to more informed exercise prescription for improving SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - David A. Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Samuel G. Moore
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | | | - A. Aneesh Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Facundo M. Fernandez
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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7
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Sabir Z, Hjartåker A, Dierkes J, Rosendahl-Riise H. The Association of Isocaloric Substitution of Dietary Protein in Middle Age with Muscle Mass and Strength in Old Age: The Hordaland Health Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102052. [PMID: 38187989 PMCID: PMC10770717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Age-associated loss of muscle mass and strength is an important predictor of disability in older persons. Although several mechanisms contribute to the decline in muscle mass and function seen with aging, the process is thought to be accelerated by an inadequate protein intake. However, the optimal amount and source of protein and the role of dietary protein intake over the life course remain uncertain. Objectives In a sample of community-dwelling adults in Western Norway, the current study examined both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations over 20 y of dietary protein intake with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) and muscle strength measured by handgrip strength (HGS) in older age. Methods Dietary intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) in middle age (46-49 y) and older age (67-70 y) within the community-based Hordaland Health Study. Results Adjusted, multivariate linear regression analyses revealed a negative cross-sectional association between the substitution of total protein (TP) and animal protein (AP), with fat and carbohydrates, on ASMM in women but not in men. No longitudinal associations were found between substitution of dietary protein intake and ASMM in either sex in adjusted models. Similarly, no cross-sectional or longitudinal associations were evident between substitution of dietary protein intake and HGS in either sex in adjusted models. Conclusion The findings in the current study highlight the need to clarify the role of dietary protein intake in the maintenance of muscle mass and muscle strength in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Sabir
- Center for Nutrition, Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette Hjartåker
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Center for Nutrition, Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Rosendahl-Riise
- Center for Nutrition, Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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8
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Ren Y, Lu A, Wang B, Wang C. Nutritional Intervention Improves Muscle Mass and Physical Performance in the Elderly in the Community: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:70. [PMID: 38255685 PMCID: PMC10817341 DOI: 10.3390/life14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements have been extensively used as health interventions for the elderly. However, with the spread of COVID-19, no consensus exists on whether nutritional interventions could improve muscle mass and physical activity in community-dwelling older adults. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of different nutritional interventions on muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and Cochrane databases from their founding dates to December 2023. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered, and the overall mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. There were 33 studies comprising 3579 elderly persons meeting the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive analysis suggested that the intervention effect of fat-free mass (FFM), appendix skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed, and short physical performance battery (SPPB) score was higher in the nutritional supplement group than in the control group. The results of subgroup analysis demonstrated that protein supplementation (SMD = 0.82, p < 0.0001) had an optimal effect on ASMM (SMD = 0.89, p < 0.0001) and FFM (MD = 2.09, p < 0.0001) in the elderly. Vitamin D supplementation (SMD = 0.52, p < 0.0001) had a marginal effect on ASMM, and energy supplementation (SMD = 0.39, p = 0.0005) had the lowest effect. Moreover, nutritional interventions had the most significant impact on HGS (MD = 1.06, p < 0.0001) and TUG (MD = 0.14, p < 0.0001) in individuals aged 65-75 years old, with positive effects on FFM (MD = 1.62, p < 0.0001) and HGS (MD = 0.82, p < 0.0001) when compared to healthy elderly individuals, and had greater effect on ASMM (SMD = 0.69, p < 0.0001) than on the elderly with sarcopenia. Nutritional supplements can enhance muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly, while protein is recommended for muscle function. The golden period for implementing nutritional interventions to improve muscle function is before the age of 75 years. However, the impact of nutritional interventions varies with age and population. Given the limited evidence on nutritional interventions, more detailed and high-quality studies are highly warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cenyi Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Pataky MW, Dasari S, Michie KL, Sevits KJ, Kumar AA, Klaus KA, Heppelmann CJ, Robinson MM, Carter RE, Lanza IR, Nair KS. Impact of biological sex and sex hormones on molecular signatures of skeletal muscle at rest and in response to distinct exercise training modes. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1996-2010.e6. [PMID: 37939659 PMCID: PMC10659143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Substantial divergence in cardio-metabolic risk, muscle size, and performance exists between men and women. Considering the pivotal role of skeletal muscle in human physiology, we investigated and found, based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), that differences in the muscle transcriptome between men and women are largely related to testosterone and estradiol and much less related to genes located on the Y chromosome. We demonstrate inherent unique, sex-dependent differences in muscle transcriptional responses to aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise training in young and older cohorts. The hormonal changes with age likely explain age-related differential expression of transcripts. Furthermore, in primary human myotubes we demonstrate the profound but distinct effects of testosterone and estradiol on amino acid incorporation to multiple individual proteins with specific functions. These results clearly highlight the potential of designing exercise programs tailored specifically to men and women and have implications for people who change gender by altering their hormone profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kelly L Michie
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kyle J Sevits
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Aneesh Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katherine A Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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10
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Guo Y, Zhao H, Wang F, Xu H, Liu X, Hu T, Wu D. Telomere length as a marker of changes in body composition and fractures-an analysis of data from the NHANES 2001-2002. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181544. [PMID: 37744360 PMCID: PMC10514483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There has been an association between changes in body composition, fracture incidence, and age in previous studies. Telomere length (TL) has been proposed as a biomarker of aging. However, the relationship between body composition, fractures, and TL has rarely been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between TL and body composition and fractures.Patients and methods: 20950 participants from the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in the final analysis. In NHANES, body compositions were measured with DXA, and TL was determined with quantitative PCR. Correlation analysis of TL and body composition was conducted using multivariate weighted linear regression and logistic regression models. Results The results showed that TL positively correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in most body parts. However, BMD and BMC were negatively connected with TL in the upper limbs and skull. Fat content was negatively associated with TL, while muscle content was positively linked to TL. In addition, TL's trend analysis results were consistent with the regression model when transformed from a continuous to a classified variable. An increase in TL was associated with a higher incidence of wrist fractures, while a decrease in spine fractures. The above correlation also has a certain degree of sex specificity. Conclusion Our study indicate that TL is associated with body composition as well as fractures, but further research is needed to confirm these contrasting associations in the skull, upper limbs, and wrists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Bülow J, Khakimov B, Reitelseder S, Bechshøft R, Jensen M, van Hall G, Engelsen SB, Holm L. Effect of 1-year daily protein supplementation and physical exercise on muscle protein synthesis rate and muscle metabolome in healthy older Danes: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2673-2685. [PMID: 37266586 PMCID: PMC10421766 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skeletal muscle mass decreases with age and the responsiveness of aging muscles' protein synthesis rate (MPS) to protein intake seems to deteriorate. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of 12 months of protein supplementation with or without physical exercise training on the basal and postprandial MPS and the skeletal muscle metabolome of healthy older Danes (> 65 years, 29 females/37 males). METHODS Subjects were randomized to follow one of five intervention groups: (1) carbohydrate, (2) collagen protein, (3) whey protein, (4) home-based light resistance training with whey protein, and (5) center-based heavy-load resistance training with whey protein. Before and after the intervention, a tracer infusion trial was conducted to measure basal and postprandial MPS in response to intake of a cocktail consisting of 20 g whey hydrolysate + 10 g glucose. In addition, the skeletal muscle metabolome was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) at basal state and 4 h after the intake of the cocktail. RESULTS One year of daily protein or carbohydrate supplementation did not alter the basal and protein-stimulated postprandial muscle protein synthesis rate or the muscle metabolome of healthy older Danes. Basal MPS (%/h) at baseline for all subjects were 0.0034 ± 0,011 (mean ± SD). In contrast to previous studies, no difference was observed in basal MPS between males and females (p = 0.75). With the developed untargeted GC-MS methodology, it was possible to detect and tentatively annotate > 70 metabolites from the human skeletal muscle samples. CONCLUSION One year of protein supplementation in comparison to an isocaloric-control supplement seems to affect neither the MPS at basal or postprandial state nor the skeletal muscle metabolome. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY Number: NCT02115698, clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02115698.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bülow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, Level 1, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, Level 1, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bechshøft
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, Level 1, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Jensen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, Level 1, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Holm
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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12
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Miyazaki R, Abe T, Sakane N, Ando H, Yano S, Okuyama K, Isomura M, Yamasaki M, Nabika T. Associations between dairy consumption and the physical function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults: The Shimane CoHRE study. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 53:19-24. [PMID: 37406501 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated sex differences in the associations between dairy consumption and the physical function among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Six hundred and fifty-six older adults (75.6 ± 6.4 years old) participated in this study. Dairy consumption (5-item Likert score) and the physical function (gait speed, handgrip strength, and skeletal muscle mass) were measured. The linear and quadratic associations between dairy consumption and the physical function measures were examined by a multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for covariates. RESULTS Among women, an increased dairy consumption was significantly linearly associated with greater hand-grip strength and faster gait speed (both p<0.05) after adjusting for covariates. Among men, dairy consumption was not associated with the physical function measures. Dairy consumption was not associated with the muscle mass in either sex. CONCLUSIONS Increased dairy consumption was associated with a superior physical function in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Miyazaki
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan; Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shozo Yano
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan; Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamasaki
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan; Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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Association of Blood Urea Nitrogen with Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Mortality in USA Adults: Results from NHANES 1999-2006. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020461. [PMID: 36678332 PMCID: PMC9865447 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the general population, there is little evidence of a link between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and long-term mortality. The goal of this study was to explore whether higher BUN concentration is a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. From 1999 to 2006, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) included 17,719 adult individuals. Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the database records through 31 December 2015. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD and all-cause mortality in individuals. We also performed stratified analyses based on age, gender, drinking, smoking, history of hypertension and diabetes. During a mean follow-up 11.65 years, a total of 3628 deaths were documented, of which 859 were due to CVD. Participants with higher BUN had a higher risk of CVD and all-cause death compared to those with lower BUN. After multifactor adjustment for demographics, major lifestyle factors, and hypertension and diabetes history, higher BUN levels compared with lower levels were significantly associated with higher risk of CVD (HR: 1.48 [1.08, 2.02], P-trend < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.48 [1.28, 1.72], P-trend < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, we found that the trend in the association of BUN with the risk of death remained strong in female subjects. Greater BUN levels were linked to higher CVD and all-cause mortality in the NHANES of American adults. The importance of BUN in predicting death is supported by our research.
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14
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Pinckaers PJM, Kouw IWK, Gorissen SHM, Houben LHP, Senden JM, Wodzig WKHW, de Groot LCPGM, Verdijk LB, Snijders T, van Loon LJC. The Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to the Ingestion of a Plant-Derived Protein Blend Does Not Differ from an Equivalent Amount of Milk Protein in Healthy Young Males. J Nutr 2023; 152:2734-2743. [PMID: 36170964 PMCID: PMC9839989 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-derived proteins are considered to have lesser anabolic properties when compared with animal-derived proteins. The attenuated rise in muscle protein synthesis rates following ingestion of plant-derived compared with animal-derived protein has been, at least partly, attributed to deficiencies in specific amino acids such as leucine, lysine, and/or methionine. Combining different plant-derived proteins could provide plant-derived protein blends with a more balanced amino acid profile. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates following the ingestion of 30 g milk protein with a 30 g blend combining wheat, corn, and pea protein in healthy young men. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design, 24 young males (aged 24 ± 4 y) received a primed continuous l-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine infusion after which they ingested 30 g milk protein (MILK) or a 30 g plant-derived protein blend combining 15 g wheat, 7.5 g corn, and 7.5 g pea protein (PLANT-BLEND). Blood and muscle biopsies were collected frequently for 5 h to assess postprandial plasma amino acid profiles (secondary outcome) and subsequent muscle protein synthesis rates (primary outcome). Data were analyzed by 2-factor repeated measures ANOVA and 2-samples t tests. RESULTS MILK increased plasma essential amino acid concentrations more than PLANT-BLEND over the 5 h postprandial period (incremental AUC = 151 ± 31 compared with 79 ± 12 mmol·300 min·L-1, respectively; P < 0.001). Ingestion of both MILK and PLANT-BLEND increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between treatments (0.053 ± 0.013%/h and 0.064 ± 0.016%/h, respectively; P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of 30 g plant-derived protein blend combining wheat-, corn-, and pea-derived protein increases muscle protein synthesis rates in healthy young males. The muscle protein synthetic response to the ingestion of 30 g of this plant-derived protein blend does not differ from the ingestion of an equivalent amount of a high-quality animal-derived protein.Clinical trial registry number for Nederlands Trial Register: NTR6548 (https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR6548).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J M Pinckaers
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Imre W K Kouw
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan H M Gorissen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne H P Houben
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joan M Senden
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Will K H W Wodzig
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Snijders
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Li H, Zheng H, Deng Q, Li J, Wang Z, Li H, Liang H, Ye Z, Gu B. New comprehensive reference values for kidney function indexes across adult and geriatric ages in Chinese popuplation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11919. [PMID: 36578417 PMCID: PMC9791318 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims China has the largest number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Current CKD definition has been challenged recently. We aim to reassess kidney function in healthy Chinese population, to provide a more appropriate reference range (RIs) for diagnosis, treatment, monitoring (or screening) of kidney disease and related research. Materials and methods A total of 49627 apparently healthy people aged 18-94 years old were enrolled. Age and sex effects were explored for the kidney function indicators and RIs were calculated non-parametrically. Results Albumin's limits were lower than the national RIs, with 5.7 g/L lower in upper limit (UL) and 0.4 g/L lower in lower limit (LL) [RIs: 39.6-49.3 vs 40-55]. The LL of estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 80.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 or 63.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 at the age of <50 or ≥70 years, respectively. Notably, eGFR showed an approximately 0.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrease every year. In addition, eGFR increase 0.35 mL/min/1.73 m2 per standard deviation increase in blood glucose when uric acid (UA) exceed the RIs. Conclusion UA was an important factor affecting eGFR. For healthy elderly in China, albumin's limits were lower than the national RIs, and LLs of eGFR were nearly 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Using national RIs for healthy elderly may be overly stringent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Li
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Haiqing Zheng
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qianyun Deng
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zixia Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Huiying Liang
- Medical Big Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Bing Gu
- Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China,Corresponding author.
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16
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Strategies to Prevent Sarcopenia in the Aging Process: Role of Protein Intake and Exercise. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010052. [PMID: 35010928 PMCID: PMC8746908 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is one of the main issues associated with the process of aging. Characterized by muscle mass loss, it is triggered by several conditions, including sedentary habits and negative net protein balance. According to World Health Organization, it is expected a 38% increase in older individuals by 2025. Therefore, it is noteworthy to establish recommendations to prevent sarcopenia and several events and comorbidities associated with this health issue condition. In this review, we discuss the role of these factors, prevention strategies, and recommendations, with a focus on protein intake and exercise.
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Reitelseder S, Bülow J, Holm L. Divergent Anabolic Response to Exercise in Young and Older Adult Men-Dependency on Time Frame of Measurement. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:996-999. [PMID: 33539523 PMCID: PMC8266534 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults’ skeletal muscle has shown to be less responsive to anabolic stimuli as compared to young both in vitro, in short and controlled in vivo settings and in long-term training studies. However, to translate controlled mechanistic findings to long-term adaptations intermediate measures allowing daily life routines with regard to activity and diet would be useful to evaluate physiological interventions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the exercise effect in young and older adults with 2 independent methods to measure muscle protein synthesis rate. Healthy young and old men were recruited to the study protocol where myofibrillar fractional synthesis rate was measured during 2 days allowing normal activities of daily living with D2O-labeled alanine and during 4 hours in the overnight fasted state with [13C6]phenylalanine infusion. During this period 1 leg completed an exercise session every day (exercise leg) while the contralateral leg was kept inactive (normal leg). Both legs were used for activities of daily living. Two-day myofibrillar fractional synthesis rate was significantly higher in the exercise leg in both young and old as compared to normal leg with no age difference. The 4-hour overnight fasted myofibrillar fractional synthesis rate showed that only young exercise leg was significantly higher than normal leg. The present findings support the notion that anabolic resistance exists in the skeletal muscle of healthy older men when evaluated in controlled settings. However, this response is not as clear when measured during daily life where variance is greater, which calls for further investigations in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Reitelseder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bülow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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Kim HN, Song SW. Association between dietary protein intake and skeletal muscle mass in older Korean adults. Eur Geriatr Med 2021; 12:1221-1228. [PMID: 34156655 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-021-00530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the association of low and high daily protein intakes on skeletal muscle mass status in Korean adults aged 60 years and older. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2008 and 2011. The participants' dietary protein intake was assessed using the 24-h dietary recall method and was classified as low (< 0.8 g/kg body weight/day), moderate (0.8-1.2 g/kg/day), and high (> 1.2 g/kg/day). Amount of skeletal muscle mass was measured using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low skeletal muscle mass was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass index < 7.0 kg/m2 in men and < 5.4 kg/m2 in women. RESULTS The study included data from 4585 participants (2022 men and 2563 women). All skeletal muscle parameters in women and total lean mass in men decreased as the amount of protein consumed daily increased. However, there was no association between high or low protein intake and low skeletal muscle mass in men or women. CONCLUSIONS No association was found between the amount of daily protein intake and skeletal muscle mass status in older Korean adults. Gender-specific further studies focussing on the interactions of dietary protein intake under specific conditions including physical activity status and the daily distribution of protein intake and the quality and source of the protein are needed to evaluate the impact of protein intake status on muscle health in older Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93, Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16247, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Song
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93, Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16247, Republic of Korea.
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Rodrigues CP, Jacinto JL, Roveratti MC, Merlo JK, Soares-Caldeira LF, Silva Ribeiro A, Nunes JP, Junior EDO, Aguiar AF. Effects of Photobiomodulation/Laser Therapy Combined With Resistance Training on Quadriceps Hypertrophy and Strength, and Postural Balance in Older Women: A Randomized, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2021; 45:125-133. [PMID: 34054079 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Physical and therapeutic strategies to maintain and rehabilitate skeletal muscle mass, strength, and postural balance are clinically relevant to improve the health, well-being, and quality of life of older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM)/laser therapy combined with a resistance training (RT) program on quadriceps hypertrophy and strength, and postural balance in older women. METHODS In a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled design, twenty-two older women (age 66.6 ± 5.2 years) were engaged in a supervised 10-wk RT program (2 times per week) involving unilateral leg extension exercise, in which each leg of the same participant was randomly assigned to receive active (λ = 808 nm, optical output = 100 mW, total energy = 42 J) or placebo laser PBM immediately before the RT sessions. Maximal dynamic strength by unilateral knee extension 1-repetition maximum (1RM), muscle hypertrophy by vastus lateralis muscle thickness, and postural balance by one-legged stance test on a force platform were assessed before and after the training program. RESULTS Significance statistical analysis revealed a similar improvement (time P = .003) from pre- to posttraining for muscle hypertrophy and strength, and postural balance between active and placebo laser conditions. However, clinical interpretation for muscle hypertrophy showed a moderate effect (effect size [ES] = 0.58) for the active laser and a small effect (ES = 0.38) for the placebo laser. Clinical difference was not noticed between conditions for other analyzed variables. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that RT alone can be clinically important for counteracting the deleterious effects of aging on muscle size, strength, and balance, and that applying laser PBM therapy before the RT sessions may further improve gains in muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiane Pedro Rodrigues
- Center of Research in Health Sciences, Northern University of Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Age- and sex-specific reference intervals for blood urea nitrogen in Chinese general population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10058. [PMID: 33980952 PMCID: PMC8115101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism. This study aims to explore the age- and sex-specific distribution of BUN among healthy Chinese adults. A total of 24,006 BUN values from healthy adults (14,148 males and 9858 females) were included in the cross-sectional study. Males had a higher median BUN value compared to females (4.6 mmol/L vs. 4.1 mmol/L). BUN values showed a positive correlation with body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, and blood sugar (P < 0.0001). However, eGFR showed a negative correlation with the BUN reference value (P < 0.0001) in both sexes. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that the positive associations of BUN levels and age were statistically significant after adjusting confounding factors (P < 0.001). Thus, the serum BUN values increased by 0.21 mmol/L for males and 0.282 mmol/L for females per 10 years. The BUN values corresponding to the 1st, 2.5th, 50th, 97.5th, and 99th percentiles for any specific age in both sex were also calculated. These results indicate that the serum BUN reference value is significantly affected by age and gender, and thus, its interpretation is age- and sex-dependent.
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21
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Hengeveld LM, Chevalier S, Visser M, Gaudreau P, Presse N. Prospective associations of protein intake parameters with muscle strength and physical performance in community-dwelling older men and women from the Quebec NuAge cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:972-983. [PMID: 33515002 PMCID: PMC8023997 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary protein has been related to muscle function in aging. Beyond total intake, parameters such as protein distribution across meals might also be important. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine prospective associations of different protein intake parameters with muscle strength and physical performance in community-dwelling older men and women. METHODS In total, 524 men and 574 women aged 67-84 y at baseline (T1) were followed annually for 3 y (T2, T3, T4). Outcomes included handgrip strength (kPa), knee extensor strength (kg), and physical performance (Timed Up and Go, s) at T4, and their 3-y changes (T4 minus T1). Protein intake parameters were assessed using nine 24-h recalls collected over 3 y (T1, T2, T3) and included daily total intake (g/d), number of protein-providing meals and snacks, and protein distribution across meals (expressed as CV). Associations were examined by multivariable linear regression models including all protein intake parameters simultaneously. Also, the optimal protein dose (g) per meal for the maximum effect size of total daily intake was determined. RESULTS Higher daily protein intake was associated with better knee extensor strength and physical performance at T4 in both sexes and less physical performance decline in women. Optimal protein doses per meal were 30-35 g in men and 35-50 g in women for these outcomes. In men, more uneven protein distribution was associated with better physical performance at T4 and less handgrip strength decline. In women, a higher number of protein-providing snacks was associated with better handgrip strength and knee extensor strength at T4 and less handgrip strength decline. In neither sex was number of protein-providing meals associated with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Higher daily protein intake, up to 30-50 g protein/meal, may contribute to better knee extensor strength and physical performance in generally well-functioning older men and women. More aspects of protein intake may contribute to muscle strength and physical performance than solely the daily quantity, notably the protein dose per meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Hengeveld
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Research Centre on Aging, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie—Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Chevalier
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada,School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada,Research Centre of the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Yaegashi A, Kimura T, Hirata T, Ukawa S, Nakamura K, Okada E, Nakagawa T, Imae A, Tamakoshi A. Association between Protein Intake and Skeletal Muscle Mass among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese: Results from the DOSANCO Health Study: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010187. [PMID: 33435386 PMCID: PMC7826534 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether the source of dietary protein intake is related to appendicular skeletal muscle mass (AMM) and muscle mass (MM) remains unclear. We conducted this cross-sectional study of 277 residents (115 men, 162 women) aged ≥65 years in Japan to examine the association of the amount of dietary protein intake with AMM and MM. We measured dietary protein intake using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. AMM and MM were assessed based on bioelectrical impedance. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to estimate β coefficients that were adjusted for potential confounders. Among Japanese women aged ≥75 years, but not among women aged 65-74 years, dietary animal protein intake was significantly associated with AMM (β (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.25 (0.10, 0.40)) and MM (β (95% CI): 0.40 (0.16, 0.64)). However, dietary vegetable protein intake was not associated with AMM (β (95% CI): -0.17 (-0.74, 0.41)) and MM (β (95% CI): -0.30 (-1.23, 0.63)). Furthermore, in men aged ≥65 years, dietary protein intake was not associated with AMM or MM. In conclusion, dietary animal protein intake, but not vegetable protein intake, were positively associated with AMM and MM among this population of Japanese women aged ≥75 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yaegashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.K.); (A.T.)
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, 5-196-1 Kogane-chuo, Eniwa 061-1449, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.K.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-5068
| | - Shigekazu Ukawa
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-0022, Japan;
| | - Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan;
| | - Emiko Okada
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan;
| | | | - Akihiro Imae
- Suttsu Municipal Suttsu Clinic, Suttsu 048-0406, Japan;
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.K.); (A.T.)
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23
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Hirsch KR, Church DD, Kim IY, Park S, Wolfe RR, Ferrando AA. Comparison of basal whole-body protein kinetics and muscle protein synthesis between young and older adults. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14633. [PMID: 33278070 PMCID: PMC7718838 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant research has been dedicated to counteracting age-related muscle loss, but underlying mechanisms have not been clearly established. Previous research examining differences in basal protein kinetics between young and older individuals has been limited by a lack of evaluation of protein breakdown and net balance. The aim of this study was to more comprehensively examine differences in basal protein kinetics between younger and older males and females. Basal whole-body protein kinetics and muscle fractional synthetic rate (FSR) from 91 younger (18-38 years; 52% female) and 66 older (51-81 years; 53% female) healthy adults were determined using stable isotope tracer techniques (L-[ring-2 H5 ]phenylalanine and L-[ring-2 H2 ]tyrosine). There were no group × sex interaction effects (p > .05). Older individuals had greater whole-body protein synthesis (mean difference old-young (Δ) ± SE: 28.54 ± 8.15 mg/kg LBM/hr; p = .001) and breakdown (Δ: 15.44 ± 7.33 mg/kgLBM/hr; p = .038), but a less negative net balance (Mean ± SD: Young: -31.22 ± 7.42 mg/kg LBM/hr; Old: -18.11 ± 21.60 mg/kg LBM/hr; p < .001) compared to young individuals. Basal FSR was not significantly different between young and older (Δ: 0.007 ± 0.003%/hr; p = .052). Across the age range, females had greater whole-body protein turnover (PSΔ: 19.10 ± 7.00 mg/kgLBM/hr; PBΔ: 19.22 ± 6.31 mg/kgLBM/hr; p < .01) compared to males. Results demonstrate a difference in basal whole-body protein kinetics between young and older adults, with older adults having a higher protein turnover rate and a less negative net balance. Across the age range, females were also found to have a higher turnover rate compared to males. Differences may represent a shift in older physiology toward mechanisms that increase the efficiency of amino acid reutilization, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R Hirsch
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - David D Church
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Il-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Arny A Ferrando
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Kirwan R, McCullough D, Butler T, Perez de Heredia F, Davies IG, Stewart C. Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss. GeroScience 2020; 42:1547-1578. [PMID: 33001410 PMCID: PMC7528158 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global emergency that has led to the implementation of unprecedented measures in order to stem the spread of the infection. Internationally, governments are enforcing measures such as travel bans, quarantine, isolation, and social distancing leading to an extended period of time at home. This has resulted in reductions in physical activity and changes in dietary intakes that have the potential to accelerate sarcopenia, a deterioration of muscle mass and function (more likely in older populations), as well as increases in body fat. These changes in body composition are associated with a number of chronic, lifestyle diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, osteoporosis, frailty, cognitive decline, and depression. Furthermore, CVD, diabetes, and elevated body fat are associated with greater risk of COVID-19 infection and more severe symptomology, underscoring the importance of avoiding the development of such morbidities. Here we review mechanisms of sarcopenia and their relation to the current data on the effects of COVID-19 confinement on physical activity, dietary habits, sleep, and stress as well as extended bed rest due to COVID-19 hospitalization. The potential of these factors to lead to an increased likelihood of muscle loss and chronic disease will be discussed. By offering a number of home-based strategies including resistance exercise, higher protein intakes and supplementation, we can potentially guide public health authorities to avoid a lifestyle disease and rehabilitation crisis post-COVID-19. Such strategies may also serve as useful preventative measures for reducing the likelihood of sarcopenia in general and in the event of future periods of isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kirwan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Deaglan McCullough
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom Butler
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
| | - Fatima Perez de Heredia
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire Stewart
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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25
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Elstgeest LEM, Schaap LA, Heymans MW, Hengeveld LM, Naumann E, Houston DK, Kritchevsky SB, Simonsick EM, Newman AB, Farsijani S, Visser M, Wijnhoven HAH. Sex-and race-specific associations of protein intake with change in muscle mass and physical function in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:84-95. [PMID: 32520344 PMCID: PMC7326591 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein intake recommendations advise ≥0.8 g/kg body weight (BW)/d, whereas experts propose a higher intake for older adults (1.0-1.2 g/kg BW/d). It is unknown whether optimal protein intake differs by sex or race. OBJECTIVES We examined the shape of sex- and race-specific associations of dietary protein intake with 3- and 6-y changes in appendicular lean mass (aLM) and gait speed and also 6-y incidence of mobility limitation in community-dwelling older men and women. METHODS We used data on men (n = 1163) and women (n = 1237) aged 70-81 y of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Protein intake was assessed using an FFQ (1998-1999). aLM and gait speed were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 y. Difficulty walking one-quarter mile or climbing stairs was measured every 6 mo over 6 y. Prospective associations were evaluated with linear and Cox regression models, comparing fit of models with and without spline functions. All analyses were stratified by sex and additionally by race. RESULTS Mean ± SD protein intake was 0.94 ± 0.36 g/kg adjusted body weight (aBW)/d in men and 0.95 ± 0.36 g/kg aBW/d in women. There were no strong indications of nonlinear associations. In women, higher protein intake was associated with less aLM loss over 3 y (adjusted B per 0.1 g/kg aBW/d: 39.4; 95% CI: 11.6, 67.2), specifically in black women, but not over 6 y or with gait speed decline. In men, protein intake was not associated with changes in aLM and gait speed. Higher protein intake was associated with a lower risk of mobility limitation in men (adjusted HR per 1.0 g/kg aBW/d: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.91) and women (adjusted HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.94), specifically white women. CONCLUSIONS Associations between protein intake and physical outcomes may vary by sex and race. Therefore, it is important to consider sex and race in future studies regarding protein needs in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liset E M Elstgeest
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura A Schaap
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn W Heymans
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC – Location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda M Hengeveld
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Naumann
- Department of Nutrition and Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Denise K Houston
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention and Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention and Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samaneh Farsijani
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke A H Wijnhoven
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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McGlory C, von Allmen MT, Stokes T, Morton RW, Hector AJ, Lago BA, Raphenya AR, Smith BK, McArthur AG, Steinberg GR, Baker SK, Phillips SM. Failed Recovery of Glycemic Control and Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis With 2 wk of Physical Inactivity in Overweight, Prediabetic Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1070-1077. [PMID: 29095970 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity impairs insulin sensitivity, which is exacerbated with aging. We examined the impact of 2 wk of acute inactivity and recovery on glycemic control, and integrated rates of muscle protein synthesis in older men and women. Methods Twenty-two overweight, prediabetic older adults (12 men, 10 women, 69 ± 4 y) undertook 7 d of habitual activity (baseline; BL), step reduction (SR; <1,000 steps.d-1 for 14 d), followed by 14 d of recovery (RC). An oral glucose tolerance test was used to assess glycemic control and deuterated water ingestion to measure integrated rates of muscle protein synthesis. Results Daily step count was reduced (all p < .05) from BL at SR (7362 ± 3294 to 991 ± 97) and returned to BL levels at RC (7117 ± 3819). Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance increased from BL to SR and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index decreased and did not return to BL in RC. Glucose and insulin area under the curve were elevated from BL to SR and did not recover in RC. Integrated muscle protein synthesis was reduced during SR and did not return to BL in RC. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that 2 wk of SR leads to lowered rates of muscle protein synthesis and a worsening of glycemic control that unlike younger adults is not recovered during return to normal activity in overweight, prediabetic elderly humans. Clinical Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03039556.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark T von Allmen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert W Morton
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy J Hector
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Briony A Lago
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amogelang R Raphenya
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brennan K Smith
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew G McArthur
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research and the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven K Baker
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Horstman AMH, Kouw IWK, van Dijk JW, Hamer HM, Groen BBL, van Kranenburg J, Gorissen SHM, van Loon LJC. The Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Whey Protein Ingestion Is Greater in Middle-Aged Women Compared With Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:994-1004. [PMID: 30423113 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Muscle mass maintenance is largely regulated by the postprandial rise in muscle protein synthesis rates. It remains unclear whether postprandial protein handling differs between women and men. METHODS Healthy men (43 ± 3 years; body mass index, 23.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2; n = 12) and women (46 ± 2 years; body mass index, 21.3 ± 0.5 kg/m2; n = 12) received primed continuous infusions of l-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine and l-[ring-3,5-2H2]-tyrosine and ingested 25 g intrinsically l-[1-13C]-phenylalanine-labeled whey protein. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were collected to assess dietary protein digestion and amino acid absorption kinetics as well as basal and postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. RESULTS Plasma phenylalanine and leucine concentrations rapidly increased after protein ingestion (both P < 0.001), with no differences between middle-aged women and men (Time × Sex, P = 0.307 and 0.529, respectively). The fraction of dietary protein-derived phenylalanine that appeared in the circulation over the 5-hour postprandial period averaged 56 ± 1% and 53 ± 1% in women and men, respectively (P = 0.145). Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates increased (Time, P = 0.010) from 0.035 ± 0.004%/h and 0.030 ± 0.002%/h in the postabsorptive state (t test, P = 0.319) to 0.045 ± 0.002%/h and 0.034 ± 0.002%/h in the 5-hour postprandial phase in middle-aged women and men, respectively, with higher postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in women compared with men (t test, P = 0.005). Middle-aged women showed a greater increase in myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during the early (0 to 2 hours) postprandial period compared with men (Time × Sex, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There are no differences in postabsorptive myofibrillar protein synthesis rates between middle-aged women and men. The myofibrillar protein synthetic response to the ingestion of 25 g whey protein is greater in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M H Horstman
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- TIFN Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Imre W K Kouw
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- TIFN Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem van Dijk
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- TIFN Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henrike M Hamer
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- TIFN Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart B L Groen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- TIFN Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Janneau van Kranenburg
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- TIFN Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefan H M Gorissen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- TIFN Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- TIFN Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
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28
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Richter M, Baerlocher K, Bauer JM, Elmadfa I, Heseker H, Leschik-Bonnet E, Stangl G, Volkert D, Stehle P. Revised Reference Values for the Intake of Protein. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2019; 74:242-250. [PMID: 30904906 PMCID: PMC6492513 DOI: 10.1159/000499374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following a timely update process, the nutrition societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (D-A-CH) revised the reference values for the intake of protein in 2017. The Working Group conducted a structured literature search in PubMed considering newly published papers (2000- 2017). SUMMARY For infants < 4 months, the estimated values were set based on the protein intake via breast milk. Reference values for infants > 4 months, children, adolescents, pregnant, and lactating women were calculated using the factorial method considering both requirement for growth and maintenance. For adults, reference values were derived from nitrogen balance studies; for seniors (> 65 years), reports on metabolic and functional parameters under various protein intakes were additionally considered. Reference -values (g protein/kg body weight per day) were set as follows: infants < 4 months: 2.5-1.4, children: 1.3-0.8, adults < 65 years: 0.8, adults > 65 years: 1.0. Key Messages: The reference values for infants, children, adolescents, and adults < 65 years are essentially unchanged compared to recently published values. Scientifically reliable data published between 2000 and 2017 guided the D-A-CH Working Group to set a higher estimated value for adults > 65 years. Since the energy consumption continuously decreases with age, this new estimated protein intake value might be a challenge for the introduction of food-based nutrition concepts for older people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurt Baerlocher
- Ostschweizer Kinderspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen M Bauer
- Agaples Bethanien Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Elmadfa
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Heseker
- German Nutrition Society, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Sports and Health, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Stangl
- Department of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Department for Biomedicine of Aging, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Cui Y, Huang C, Momma H, Sugiyama S, Niu K, Nagatomi R. The longitudinal association between alcohol consumption and muscle strength: A population-based prospective study. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2019; 19:294-299. [PMID: 31475936 PMCID: PMC6737549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have investigated the association between alcohol consumption and muscle mass and muscle disease. However, the relationship between alcohol consumption and muscle strength remains unclear. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between alcohol consumption and changes in muscle strength. METHODS This study evaluated 326 Japanese men and women over a 2-year period, assessing alcohol consumption using a brief, self administered diet-history questionnaire. Muscle strength was assessed using a digital grip dynamometer. RESULTS In a non-adjusted model, alcohol consumption was positively correlated with a decline in muscle strength (p for trend = 0.002). After adjusting model 1 for age, sex, and body mass index, adjusting model 2 for health status and fully adjusting model 3, there was a significant positive association between alcohol consumption and a decline in muscle strength, and this association showed no change over the 2-year period (p for trend = 0.006). CONCLUSION In this Japanese population, high alcohol consumption was associated with a greater decline in muscle strength. Future studies are needed to ascertain whether this relationship is present in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Cui
- Institute of Exercise Epidemiology and Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China,Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Corresponding author: Yufei Cui, PhD, Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, 1 Meicheng Road, Huai’an 223003, People’s Republic of China E-mail:
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haruki Momma
- Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shota Sugiyama
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Heping District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
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Poortmans JR, Carpentier A. Protein metabolism and physical training: any need for amino acid supplementation? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-016-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Matsue Y, van der Meer P, Damman K, Metra M, O'Connor CM, Ponikowski P, Teerlink JR, Cotter G, Davison B, Cleland JG, Givertz MM, Bloomfield DM, Dittrich HC, Gansevoort RT, Bakker SJL, van der Harst P, Hillege HL, van Veldhuisen DJ, Voors AA. Blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio in the general population and in patients with acute heart failure. Heart 2016; 103:407-413. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Lean body mass change over 6 years is associated with dietary leucine intake in an older Danish population. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1556-62. [PMID: 26979049 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Higher protein intake, and particularly higher leucine intake, is associated with attenuated loss of lean body mass (LBM) over time in older individuals. Dietary leucine is thought to be a key mediator of anabolism. This study aimed to assess this relationship over 6 years among younger and older adult Danes. Dietary leucine intake was assessed at baseline and after 6 years in men and women, aged 35-65 years, participating in the Danish cohort of the WHO-MONICA (Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease) study (n 368). Changes in LBM over the 6 years were measured by bioelectrical impedance using equations developed for this Danish population. The association between leucine and LBM changes was examined using multivariate linear regression and ANCOVA analyses adjusted for potential confounders. After adjustment for baseline LBM, sex, age, energy intake and physical activity, leucine intake was associated with LBM change in those older than 65 years (n 79), with no effect seen in those younger than 65 years. Older participants in the highest quartile of leucine intake (7·1 g/d) experienced LBM maintenance, whereas lower intakes were associated with LBM loss over 6 years (for trend: β=0·434, P=0·03). Sensitivity analysis indicated no effect modification of sex or the presence of CVD. Greater leucine intake in conjunction with adequate total protein intake was associated with long-term LBM retention in a healthy older Danish population. This study corroborates findings from laboratory investigations in relation to protein and leucine intakes and LBM change. A more diverse and larger sample is needed for confirmation of these results.
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Smith GI, Mittendorfer B. Sexual dimorphism in skeletal muscle protein turnover. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:674-82. [PMID: 26702024 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00625.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the major constituent of lean body mass and essential for the body's locomotor function. Women have less muscle mass (and more body fat) than men and are therefore not able to exert the same absolute maximal force as men. The difference in body composition between the sexes is evident from infancy but becomes most marked after puberty (when boys experience an accelerated growth spurt) and persists into old age. During early adulthood until approximately the fourth decade of life, muscle mass is relatively stable, both in men and women, but then begins to decline, and the rate of loss is slower in women than in men. In this review we discuss the underlying mechanisms responsible for the age-associated sexual dimorphism in muscle mass (as far as they have been elucidated to date) and highlight areas that require more research to advance our understanding of the control of muscle mass throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon I Smith
- Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Effect of 10% dietary protein intake on whole body protein kinetics in type 2 diabetic adults. Clin Nutr 2015; 34:1115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Johnson ML, Lalia AZ, Dasari S, Pallauf M, Fitch M, Hellerstein MK, Lanza IR. Eicosapentaenoic acid but not docosahexaenoic acid restores skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity in old mice. Aging Cell 2015; 14:734-43. [PMID: 26010060 PMCID: PMC4568961 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is often observed in aging skeletal muscle and is implicated in age-related declines in physical function. Early evidence suggests that dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) improve mitochondrial function. Here, we show that 10 weeks of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation partially attenuated the age-related decline in mitochondrial function in mice, but this effect was not observed with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The improvement in mitochondrial function with EPA occurred in the absence of any changes in mitochondrial abundance or biogenesis, which was evaluated from RNA sequencing, large-scale proteomics, and direct measurements of muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis rates. We find that EPA improves muscle protein quality, specifically by decreasing mitochondrial protein carbamylation, a post-translational modification that is driven by inflammation. These results demonstrate that EPA attenuated the age-related loss of mitochondrial function and improved mitochondrial protein quality through a mechanism that is likely linked with anti-inflammatory properties of n-3 PUFAs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EPA and DHA exert some common biological effects (anticoagulation, anti-inflammatory, reduced FXR/RXR activation), but also exhibit many distinct biological effects, a finding that underscores the importance of evaluating the therapeutic potential of individual n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA
| | - Antigoni Z. Lalia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA
| | - Maximilian Pallauf
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA
| | - Mark Fitch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA
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Hursel R, Martens EAP, Gonnissen HKJ, Hamer HM, Senden JMG, van Loon LJC, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Prolonged Adaptation to a Low or High Protein Diet Does Not Modulate Basal Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates - A Substudy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137183. [PMID: 26367529 PMCID: PMC4569069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based on controlled 36 h experiments a higher dietary protein intake causes a positive protein balance and a negative fat balance. A positive net protein balance may support fat free mass accrual. However, few data are available on the impact of more prolonged changes in habitual protein intake on whole-body protein metabolism and basal muscle protein synthesis rates. Objective To assess changes in whole-body protein turnover and basal muscle protein synthesis rates following 12 weeks of adaptation to a low versus high dietary protein intake. Methods A randomized parallel study was performed in 40 subjects who followed either a high protein (2.4 g protein/kg/d) or low protein (0.4 g protein/kg/d) energy-balanced diet (30/35/35% or 5/60/35% energy from protein/carbohydrate/fat) for a period of 12 weeks. A subgroup of 7 men and 8 women (body mass index: 22.8±2.3 kg/m2, age: 24.3±4.9 y) were selected to evaluate the impact of prolonged adaptation to either a high or low protein intake on whole body protein metabolism and basal muscle protein synthesis rates. After the diet, subjects received continuous infusions with L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine and L-[ring-2H2]tyrosine in an overnight fasted state, with blood samples and muscle biopsies being collected to assess post-absorptive whole-body protein turnover and muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in humans. Results After 12 weeks of intervention, whole-body protein balance in the fasted state was more negative in the high protein treatment when compared with the low protein treatment (-4.1±0.5 vs -2.7±0.6 μmol phenylalanine/kg/h;P<0.001). Whole-body protein breakdown (43.0±4.4 vs 37.8±3.8 μmol phenylalanine/kg/h;P<0.03), synthesis (38.9±4.2 vs 35.1±3.6 μmol phenylalanine/kg/h;P<0.01) and phenylalanine hydroxylation rates (4.1±0.6 vs 2.7±0.6 μmol phenylalanine/kg/h;P<0.001) were significantly higher in the high vs low protein group. Basal muscle protein synthesis rates were maintained on a low vs high protein diet (0.042±0.01 vs 0.045±0.01%/h;P = 0.620). Conclusions In the overnight fasted state, adaptation to a low-protein intake (0.4 g/kg/d) does not result in a more negative whole-body protein balance and does not lower basal muscle protein synthesis rates when compared to a high-protein intake. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01551238.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Hursel
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Eveline A. P. Martens
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne K. J. Gonnissen
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike M. Hamer
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joan M. G. Senden
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J. C. van Loon
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Nowson C, O'Connell S. Protein Requirements and Recommendations for Older People: A Review. Nutrients 2015; 7:6874-99. [PMID: 26287239 PMCID: PMC4555150 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength are major contributors to increased mortality, morbidity and reduced quality of life in older people. Recommended Dietary Allowances/Intakes have failed to adequately consider the protein requirements of the elderly with respect to function. The aim of this paper was to review definitions of optimal protein status and the evidence base for optimal dietary protein. Current recommended protein intakes for older people do not account for the compensatory loss of muscle mass that occurs on lower protein intakes. Older people have lower rates of protein synthesis and whole-body proteolysis in response to an anabolic stimulus (food or resistance exercise). Recommendations for the level of adequate dietary intake of protein for older people should be informed by evidence derived from functional outcomes. Randomized controlled trials report a clear benefit of increased dietary protein on lean mass gain and leg strength, particularly when combined with resistance exercise. There is good consistent evidence (level III-2 to IV) that consumption of 1.0 to 1.3 g/kg/day dietary protein combined with twice-weekly progressive resistance exercise reduces age-related muscle mass loss. Older people appear to require 1.0 to 1.3 g/kg/day dietary protein to optimize physical function, particularly whilst undertaking resistance exercise recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryl Nowson
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia.
| | - Stella O'Connell
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Melbourne 3125, VIC, Australia.
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Markofski MM, Dickinson JM, Drummond MJ, Fry CS, Fujita S, Gundermann DM, Glynn EL, Jennings K, Paddon-Jones D, Reidy PT, Sheffield-Moore M, Timmerman KL, Rasmussen BB, Volpi E. Effect of age on basal muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling in a large cohort of young and older men and women. Exp Gerontol 2015; 65:1-7. [PMID: 25735236 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rate of muscle loss with aging is higher in men than women. However, women have smaller muscles throughout the adult life. Protein content is a major determinant of skeletal muscle size. This study was designed to determine if age and sex differentially impact basal muscle protein synthesis and mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. We performed a secondary data analysis on a cohort of 215 healthy, non-obese (BMI<30kg·m(-2)) young (18-40y; 74 men, 52 women) and older (60-87y; 57 men, 32 women) adults. The database contained information on physical characteristics, basal muscle protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR; n=215; stable isotope methodology) and mTORC1 signaling (n=125, Western blotting). FSR and mTORC1 signaling were measured at rest and after an overnight fast. mTORC1 and S6K1 phosphorylation were higher (p<0.05) in older subjects with no sex differences. However, there were no age or sex differences or interaction for muscle FSR (p>0.05). Body mass index, fat free mass, or body fat was not a significant covariate and did not influence the results. We conclude that age and sex do not influence basal muscle protein synthesis. However, basal mTORC1 hyperphosphorylation in the elderly may contribute to insulin resistance and the age-related anabolic resistance of skeletal muscle protein metabolism to nutrition and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Markofski
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jared M Dickinson
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David M Gundermann
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Erin L Glynn
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kristofer Jennings
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Douglas Paddon-Jones
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Melinda Sheffield-Moore
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle L Timmerman
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Blake B Rasmussen
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Elena Volpi
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA.
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Hansen M, Kjaer M. Influence of Sex and Estrogen on Musculotendinous Protein Turnover at Rest and After Exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2014; 42:183-92. [DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Moore DR. Keeping older muscle “young” through dietary protein and physical activity. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:599S-607S. [PMID: 25469405 PMCID: PMC4188243 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by decreases in both muscle mass and muscle function. The loss of muscle mass, which can precede decrements in muscle function, is ultimately rooted in an imbalance between the rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown that favors a net negative balance (i.e., synthesis < breakdown). A preponderance of evidence highlights a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to dietary protein, commonly referred to as “anabolic resistance,” as a major underlying cause of the insipid loss of muscle with age. Dietary strategies to overcome this decreased dietary amino acid sensitivity include the ingestion of leucine-enriched, rapidly digested proteins and/or greater protein ingestion in each main meal to maximally stimulate muscle anabolism. Anabolic resistance is also a hallmark of a sedentary lifestyle at any age. Given that older adults may be more likely to experience periods of reduced activity (either voluntarily or through acute illness), it is proposed that inactivity is the precipitating factor in the development of anabolic resistance and the subsequent progression from healthy aging to frailty. However, even acute bouts of activity can restore the sensitivity of older muscle to dietary protein. Provided physical activity is incorporated into the daily routine, muscle in older adults should retain its capacity for a robust anabolic response to dietary protein comparable to that in their younger peers. Therefore, through its ability to “make nutrition better,” physical activity should be viewed as a vital component to maintaining muscle mass and function with age.
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Gorissen SHM, Burd NA, Hamer HM, Gijsen AP, Groen BB, van Loon LJC. Carbohydrate coingestion delays dietary protein digestion and absorption but does not modulate postprandial muscle protein accretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:2250-8. [PMID: 24628553 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary protein digestion and absorption is an important factor modulating muscle protein accretion. However, there are few data available on the effects of coingesting other macronutrients with protein on digestion and absorption kinetics and the subsequent muscle protein synthetic response. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the impact of carbohydrate coingestion with protein on dietary protein digestion and absorption and muscle protein accretion in healthy young and older men. DESIGN Twenty-four healthy young (aged 21± 1 y, body mass index 21.8 ±0.5 kg/m(2)) and 25 older (aged 75 ± 1 y, body mass index 25.4 ± 0.6 kg/m(2)) men received a primed continuous L-[ring-(2)H5]-phenylalanine and L-[ring-3,5-(2)H2]-tyrosine infusion and ingested 20 g intrinsically L-[1-(13)C]-phenylalanine-labeled protein with (Pro+CHO) or without (Pro) 60 g carbohydrate. Plasma samples and muscle biopsies were collected in a postabsorptive and postprandial state. RESULTS Carbohydrate coingestion delayed the appearance of exogenous phenylalanine in the circulation (P = .001). Dietary protein-derived phenylalanine availability over the 5-hour postprandial period was lower in the older (62 ± 2%) when compared with the young subjects (74 ± 2%; P = .007), with no differences between conditions (P = .20). Carbohydrate coingestion did not modulate postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates (0.035 ± 0.003 vs 0.043 ± 0.004 and 0.033 ± 0.002 vs 0.035 ± 0.003%/h after Pro vs Pro+CHO in the young and older group, respectively). In accordance, no differences in muscle protein-bound L-[1-(13)C]-phenylalanine enrichments were observed between conditions (0.020 ± 0.002 vs 0.020 ± 0.002 and 0.019 ± 0.003 vs 0.022 ± 0.004 mole percent excess after Pro vs Pro+CHO in the young and older subjects, respectively). CONCLUSION Carbohydrate coingestion with protein delays dietary protein digestion and absorption but does not modulate postprandial muscle protein accretion in healthy young or older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H M Gorissen
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (S.H.M.G., N.A.B., H.M.H., L.J.C.v.L.), 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences (S.H.M.G., N.A.B., H.M.H., B.B.G., L.J.C.v.L.), NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, and Department of Human Biology (A.P.G.), NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Scalzo RL, Peltonen GL, Binns SE, Shankaran M, Giordano GR, Hartley DA, Klochak AL, Lonac MC, Paris HLR, Szallar SE, Wood LM, Peelor FF, Holmes WE, Hellerstein MK, Bell C, Hamilton KL, Miller BF. Greater muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in males compared with females during sprint interval training. FASEB J 2014; 28:2705-14. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-246595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Scalzo
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Garrett L. Peltonen
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Scott E. Binns
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | | | - Gregory R. Giordano
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Dylan A. Hartley
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Anna L. Klochak
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Mark C. Lonac
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Hunter L. R. Paris
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Steve E. Szallar
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Lacey M. Wood
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Frederick F. Peelor
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | | | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- KineMed, Inc.EmeryvilleCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and ToxicologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christopher Bell
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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Johnson ML, Nair KS. Assessment of old and new proteins: a novel methodology. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23 Suppl 1:S6-S11. [PMID: 22784971 PMCID: PMC3537901 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein modifications and the accumulation of those proteins are implicated in a host of diseases from Parkinson's and Alzheimer's to both insulin independent and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Accumulation of irreversibly modified proteins occurs when the degradation rate of proteins is reduced or the rate of modification increases. Although the synthesis rates of individual proteins in vivo have been extensively studied the methodology to measure degradation rates of individual proteins in vivo remains to be well developed. However, the ability to measure the relative age of a particular protein pool in relation to the quality of the pool (amount of damage) is a recent advance. This brief review describes a novel methodology to simultaneously measure the synthesis rate of individual proteins along with the accumulation of oxidative damage to those proteins in vivo. The results of a recent investigation on individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus are described. Accelerated damage to de novo synthesized ApoA-1 is shown during short-term insulin cessation, which has potential clinical implications. Future implications of the novel method in diabetes and aging are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - K S Nair
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Konopka AR, Sreekumaran Nair K. Mitochondrial and skeletal muscle health with advancing age. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 379:19-29. [PMID: 23684888 PMCID: PMC3788080 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With increasing age there is a temporal relationship between the decline of mitochondrial and skeletal muscle volume, quality and function (i.e., health). Reduced mitochondrial mRNA expression, protein abundance, and protein synthesis rates appear to promote the decline of mitochondrial protein quality and function. Decreased mitochondrial function is suspected to impede energy demanding processes such as skeletal muscle protein turnover, which is critical for maintaining protein quality and thus skeletal muscle health with advancing age. The focus of this review was to discuss promising human physiological systems underpinning the decline of mitochondrial and skeletal muscle health with advancing age while highlighting therapeutic strategies such as aerobic exercise and caloric restriction for combating age-related functional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Konopka
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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McCoy RG, Nair KS. The 2010 ESPEN Sir David Cuthbertson Lecture: new and old proteins: clinical implications. Clin Nutr 2013; 32:728-36. [PMID: 23481224 PMCID: PMC3700593 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The past century had witnessed vast advances in biomedical research, particularly in the fields of genomics and proteomics, yet the translation of these discoveries into clinical practice has been hindered by gaps in mechanistic understanding of variability governing disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. Among the greatest challenges are the dynamic nature of the proteome and the imperfect methodologies currently available to study it. Here, we review key recently developed proteomic techniques that have allowed for dynamic characterization of protein quality, as well as quantity, and discuss their potential applications in understanding aging and metabolic disorders including diabetes. These methodologies revealed that senescence is characterized, in part, by decreased rates of de novo protein synthesis and potentially also degradation, in addition to concomitantly increased levels of oxidative stress, ultimately resulting in excessive accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional proteins. Insulin may be a key mediator in these pathologies, as hyperinsulinemia has been shown to hinder protein degradation while transient insulin deficiency may accelerate oxidative damage. We also discuss two interventions that have been proposed to delay, and possibly reverse, senescence by augmenting protein degradation: chronic caloric restriction and aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozalina G. McCoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K. Sreekumaran Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Johnson ML, Robinson MM, Nair KS. Skeletal muscle aging and the mitochondrion. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:247-56. [PMID: 23375520 PMCID: PMC3641176 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Decline in human muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) is a hallmark of the aging process. A growing body of research in the areas of bioenergetics and protein turnover has placed the mitochondria at the center of this process. It is now clear that, unless an active lifestyle is rigorously followed, skeletal muscle mitochondrial decline occurs as humans age. Increasing research on mitochondrial biology has elucidated the regulatory pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, many of which are potential therapeutic targets, and highlight the beneficial effects of vigorous physical activity on skeletal muscle health for an aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Johnson
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Lanza IR, Zabielski P, Klaus KA, Morse DM, Heppelmann CJ, Bergen HR, Dasari S, Walrand S, Short KR, Johnson ML, Robinson MM, Schimke JM, Jakaitis DR, Asmann YW, Sun Z, Nair KS. Chronic caloric restriction preserves mitochondrial function in senescence without increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. Cell Metab 2012; 16:777-88. [PMID: 23217257 PMCID: PMC3544078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) mitigates many detrimental effects of aging and prolongs life span. CR has been suggested to increase mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby attenuating age-related declines in mitochondrial function, a concept that is challenged by recent studies. Here we show that lifelong CR in mice prevents age-related loss of mitochondrial oxidative capacity and efficiency, measured in isolated mitochondria and permeabilized muscle fibers. We find that these beneficial effects of CR occur without increasing mitochondrial abundance. Whole-genome expression profiling and large-scale proteomic surveys revealed expression patterns inconsistent with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which is further supported by lower mitochondrial protein synthesis with CR. We find that CR decreases oxidant emission, increases antioxidant scavenging, and minimizes oxidative damage to DNA and protein. These results demonstrate that CR preserves mitochondrial function by protecting the integrity and function of existing cellular components rather than by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Smith GI, Villareal DT, Sinacore DR, Shah K, Mittendorfer B. Muscle protein synthesis response to exercise training in obese, older men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44:1259-66. [PMID: 22246218 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182496a41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity and eating are two major physiological muscle growth stimuli. Although muscle protein turnover rates are not different in young and middle-aged men and women, we recently found that the basal rate of muscle protein synthesis is greater and the anabolic response to mixed-meal intake is blunted in 65- to 80-yr-old women compared with men of the same age. Whether older women are also resistant to the anabolic effect of exercise is not known. METHODS We measured the rate of muscle protein synthesis (both during basal, postabsorptive conditions and during mixed-meal intake) before and after 3 months of exercise training in obese, 65- to 80-yr-old men and women. RESULTS At the beginning of the study (before training) the basal, postabsorptive muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was significantly greater in women than in men (0.064 ± 0.006%·h(-1) vs 0.039 ± 0.006%·h(-1), respectively, P < 0.01), whereas the meal-induced increase in the muscle protein FSR was greater in men than in women (P < 0.05). In men, exercise training approximately doubled the basal muscle protein FSR (P = 0.001) but had no effect on the meal-induced increase in muscle protein FSR (P = 0.78). In women, exercise training increased the muscle protein FSR by ~40% (P = 0.03) and also had no effect on the meal-induced increase in muscle protein FSR (P = 0.51). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that there is significant sexual dimorphism not only in the basal, postabsorptive rate of muscle protein synthesis but also in the anabolic response to feeding and exercise training in obese, older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon I Smith
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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N-acetyl-4-aminophenol and musculoskeletal adaptations to resistance exercise training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:1127-36. [PMID: 23108581 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyl-4-aminophenol (ACET) may impair musculoskeletal adaptations to progressive resistance exercise training (PRT) by inhibiting exercise-induced muscle protein synthesis and bone formation. To test the hypothesis that ACET would diminish training-induced increases in fat-free mass (FFM) and osteogenesis, untrained men (n = 26) aged ≥50 years participated in 16 weeks of high-intensity PRT and bone-loading exercises and were randomly assigned to take ACET (1,000 mg/day) or placebo (PLAC) 2 h before each exercise session. Total body FFM was measured by DXA at baseline and week 16. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and C-terminal crosslinks of type-I collagen (CTX) were measured at baseline and week 16. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed at baseline and weeks 3 and 16 for prostanoid, anabolic, and catabolic gene expression by RT-PCR. In exercise-compliant men (ACET, n = 10; PLAC, n = 7), the increase in FFM was not different between groups (p = 0.91). The changes in serum BAP and CTX were not different between groups (p > 0.7). There were no significant changes in any of the target genes at week 3. After 16 weeks of PRT, the mRNA expressions of the anabolic marker p70S6K (p = 0.003) and catabolic marker muscle-atrophy F-box (MAFbx) (p = 0.03) were significantly reduced as compared to baseline in ACET. The mRNA expression of the prostanoids were unchanged (all p ≥ 0.40) in both groups. The administration of ACET (1,000 mg) prior to each exercise session did not impair PRT-induced increases in FFM or significantly alter bone formation markers in middle aged and older men.
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Burd NA, Pennings B, Groen BBL, Gijsen AP, Senden JMG, van Loon LJC. The single biopsy approach is reliable for the measurement of muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in older men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:896-902. [PMID: 22815390 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00513.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the reliability of the single biopsy approach for calculating muscle protein synthesis rates compared with the well described sequential muscle biopsy approach following a primed continuous infusion of L-[ring-(2)H(5)]phenylalanine and GC-MS analysis in older men. Two separate experimental infusion protocols, with differing stable isotope amino acid incorporation times, were employed consisting of n = 27 (experiment 1) or n = 9 (experiment 2). Specifically, mixed muscle protein FSR were calculated from baseline plasma protein enrichments and muscle protein enrichments obtained at 90 min or 50 min (1BX SHORT), 210 min or 170 min (1BX LONG), and between the muscle protein enrichments obtained at 90 and 210 min or 50 min and 170 min (2BX) of the infusion for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In experiment 2, we also assessed the error that is introduced to the single muscle biopsy approach when nontracer naive subjects are recruited for participation in a primed continuous infusion of isotope-labeled amino acids. In experiment 1, applying the individual plasma protein enrichment values to the single muscle biopsy approach resulted in no differences in muscle protein FSR between the 1BX SHORT (0.031 ± 0.003%·h(-1)), 1BX LONG (0.032 ± 0.002%·h(-1)), or the 2BX approach (0.034 ± 0.002%·h(-1)). A significant correlation in muscle protein FSR was observed only between the 1BX LONG and 2BX approach (r = 0.8; P < 0.001). Similar results were observed in experiment 2. In addition, using the single biopsy approach in nontracer naïve state results in a muscle protein FSR that is negative for both the 1BX SHORT (-0.67 ± 0.051%·h(-1)) and 1BX LONG (-0.19 ± 0.051%·h(-1)) approaches. This is the first study to demonstrate that the single biopsy approach, coupled with the background enrichment of L-[ring-(2)H(5)]-phenylalanine of mixed plasma proteins, generates data that are similar to using the sequential muscle biopsy approach in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Burd
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC Maastricht, the Netherlands
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