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Kim JM, Lee JH, Park SR, Kwon JK, Ro NY, Kang BC. Molecular mapping of the broad bean wilt virus 2 resistance locus bwvr in Capsicum annuum using BSR-seq. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:97. [PMID: 38589740 PMCID: PMC11001752 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Bulked segregant RNA seq of pools of pepper accessions that are susceptible or resistant to Broad bean wilt virus 2 identifies a gene that might confer resistance to this devastating pathogen. The single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) causes substantial damage to pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivation. Here, we describe mapping the BBWV2 resistance locus bwvr using a F7:8 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population constructed by crossing the BBWV2-resistant pepper accession 'SNU-C' with the susceptible pepper accession 'ECW30R.' All F1 plants infected with the BBWV2 strain PAP1 were susceptible to the virus, and the RIL population showed a 1:1 ratio of resistance to susceptibility, indicating that this trait is controlled by a single recessive gene. To map bwvr, we performed bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq). We sequenced pools of resistant and susceptible lines from the RILs and aligned the reads to the high-quality 'Dempsey' reference genome to identify variants between the pools. This analysis identified 519,887 variants and selected the region from 245.9-250.8 Mb of the Dempsey reference genome as the quantitative trait locus region for bwvr. To finely map bwvr, we used newly designed high-resolution melting (HRM) and Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers based on variants obtained from the BSR-seq reads and the PepperSNP16K array. Comparative analysis identified 11 SNU-C-specific SNPs within the bwvr locus. Using markers derived from these variants, we mapped the candidate bwvr locus to the region from 246.833-246.949 kb. SNU-C-specific variants clustered near DEM.v1.00035533 within the bwvr locus. DEM.v1.00035533 encodes the nitrate transporter NPF1.2 and contains a SNP within its 5' untranslated region. The bwvr locus, which contains four genes including DEM.v1.00035533, could represent a valuable resource for global pepper breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ran Park
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ro
- Rural Development Administration, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Chowdhury NB, Simons-Senftle M, Decouard B, Quillere I, Rigault M, Sajeevan KA, Acharya B, Chowdhury R, Hirel B, Dellagi A, Maranas C, Saha R. A multi-organ maize metabolic model connects temperature stress with energy production and reducing power generation. iScience 2023; 26:108400. [PMID: 38077131 PMCID: PMC10709110 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change has adversely affected maize productivity. Thereby, a holistic understanding of metabolic crosstalk among its organs is important to address this issue. Thus, we reconstructed the first multi-organ maize metabolic model, iZMA6517, and contextualized it with heat and cold stress transcriptomics data using expression distributed reaction flux measurement (EXTREAM) algorithm. Furthermore, implementing metabolic bottleneck analysis on contextualized models revealed differences between these stresses. While both stresses had reducing power bottlenecks, heat stress had additional energy generation bottlenecks. We also performed thermodynamic driving force analysis, revealing thermodynamics-reducing power-energy generation axis dictating the nature of temperature stress responses. Thus, a temperature-tolerant maize ideotype can be engineered by leveraging the proposed thermodynamics-reducing power-energy generation axis. We experimentally inoculated maize root with a beneficial mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, and as a proof-of-concept demonstrated its efficacy in alleviating temperature stress. Overall, this study will guide the engineering effort of temperature stress-tolerant maize ideotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Bahar Chowdhury
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Berengere Decouard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Quillere
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Martine Rigault
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | | | - Bibek Acharya
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ratul Chowdhury
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Bertrand Hirel
- Centre de Versailles-Grignon, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, Versailles, France
| | - Alia Dellagi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Costas Maranas
- Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rajib Saha
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Pujic P, Carro L, Fournier P, Armengaud J, Miotello G, Dumont N, Bourgeois C, Saupin X, Jame P, Selak GV, Alloisio N, Normand P. Frankia alni Carbonic Anhydrase Regulates Cytoplasmic pH of Nitrogen-Fixing Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119162. [PMID: 37298114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A phyloprofile of Frankia genomes was carried out to identify those genes present in symbiotic strains of clusters 1, 1c, 2 and 3 and absent in non-infective strains of cluster 4. At a threshold of 50% AA identity, 108 genes were retrieved. Among these were known symbiosis-associated genes such as nif (nitrogenase), and genes which are not know as symbiosis-associated genes such as can (carbonic anhydrase, CAN). The role of CAN, which supplies carbonate ions necessary for carboxylases and acidifies the cytoplasm, was thus analyzed by staining cells with pH-responsive dyes; assaying for CO2 levels in N-fixing propionate-fed cells (that require a propionate-CoA carboxylase to yield succinate-CoA), fumarate-fed cells and N-replete propionate-fed cells; conducting proteomics on N-fixing fumarate and propionate-fed cells and direct measurement of organic acids in nodules and in roots. The interiors of both in vitro and nodular vesicles were found to be at a lower pH than that of hyphae. CO2 levels in N2-fixing propionate-fed cultures were lower than in N-replete ones. Proteomics of propionate-fed cells showed carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (CPS) as the most overabundant enzyme relative to fumarate-fed cells. CPS combines carbonate and ammonium in the first step of the citrulline pathway, something which would help manage acidity and NH4+. Nodules were found to have sizeable amounts of pyruvate and acetate in addition to TCA intermediates. This points to CAN reducing the vesicles' pH to prevent the escape of NH3 and to control ammonium assimilation by GS and GOGAT, two enzymes that work in different ways in vesicles and hyphae. Genes with related functions (carboxylases, biotin operon and citrulline-aspartate ligase) appear to have undergone decay in non-symbiotic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Pujic
- Ecologie Microbienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5557, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, INRAE, UMRA1418, Cedex, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lorena Carro
- Ecologie Microbienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5557, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, INRAE, UMRA1418, Cedex, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Facultad de CC Agrarias y Ambientales, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza Doctores de la Reina, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pascale Fournier
- Ecologie Microbienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5557, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, INRAE, UMRA1418, Cedex, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Guylaine Miotello
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | | | - Caroline Bourgeois
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Xavier Saupin
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Patrick Jame
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gabriela Vuletin Selak
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nicole Alloisio
- Ecologie Microbienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5557, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, INRAE, UMRA1418, Cedex, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Normand
- Ecologie Microbienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5557, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, INRAE, UMRA1418, Cedex, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Huang Z, Luo Y, Gao R, Xue J, Lin C, Pawlowski K, Zhou Z, Wei X. 3-Pentanol glycosides from root nodules of the actinorhizal plant Alnus cremastogyne. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 207:113582. [PMID: 36596436 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alnus cremastogyne Burkill (Betulaceae), an actinorhizal plant, can enter a mutualistic symbiosis with Frankia species that leads to the formation of nitrogen fixing root nodules. Some primary metabolites (carbohydrates, dicarboxylic acids, amino acids, citrulline and amides) involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in actinorhizal nodules have been identified, while specialized metabolites in A. cremastogyne root nodules are yet to be characterized. In this study, we isolated and identified three undescribed 3-pentanol glycosides, i.e., 3-pentyl α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1''→6')-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3-pentyl α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1''→6')-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 3-pentyl 6'-(3-hydroxy3-methylglutaryl)-β-d-glucopyranoside, as well as seventeen known compounds from A. cremastogyne root nodules. 3-Pentanol glycosides are abundantly distributed in root nodules, while they are distributed in stems, roots, leaves and fruits at low/zero levels. A. cremastogyne plants treated by root nodule suspension emit 3-pentanol. This study enriches the knowledge about specialized metabolites in the actinorhizal host, and provides preliminarily information on the signal exchange in the actinorhizal symbiosis between A. cremastogyne and Frankia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Xu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingchao Xu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhengwan Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yucai Luo
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruanling Gao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jinghua Xue
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Changli Lin
- Yunhe Forestry Bureau, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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5
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Gasser M, Alloisio N, Fournier P, Balmand S, Kharrat O, Tulumello J, Carro L, Heddi A, Da Silva P, Normand P, Pujic P, Boubakri H. A Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein with Potential Functions in Infection and Nodulation. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:1096-1108. [PMID: 36102948 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-22-0131-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The response of Alnus glutinosa to Frankia alni ACN14a is driven by several sequential physiological events from calcium spiking and root-hair deformation to the development of the nodule. Early stages of actinorhizal symbiosis were monitored at the transcriptional level to observe plant host responses to Frankia alni. Forty-two genes were significantly upregulated in inoculated compared with noninoculated roots. Most of these genes encode proteins involved in biological processes induced during microbial infection, such as oxidative stress or response to stimuli, but a large number of them are not differentially modulated or downregulated later in the process of nodulation. In contrast, several of them remained upregulated in mature nodules, and this included the gene most upregulated, which encodes a nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP). Classified as an antimicrobial peptide, this nsLTP was immunolocalized on the deformed root-hair surfaces that are points of contact for Frankia spp. during infection. Later in nodules, it binds to the surface of F. alni ACN14a vesicles, which are the specialized cells for nitrogen fixation. This nsLTP, named AgLTP24, was biologically produced in a heterologous host and purified for assay on F. alni ACN14a to identify physiological effects. Thus, the activation of the plant immunity response occurs upon first contact, while the recognition of F. alni ACN14a genes switches off part of the defense system during nodulation. AgLTP24 constitutes a part of the defense system that is maintained all along the symbiosis, with potential functions such as the formation of infection threads or nodule primordia to the control of F. alni proliferation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Gasser
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicole Alloisio
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascale Fournier
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Severine Balmand
- INSA-Lyon, INRAE, UMR203 BF2i, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ons Kharrat
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Joris Tulumello
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lorena Carro
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abdelaziz Heddi
- INSA-Lyon, INRAE, UMR203 BF2i, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pedro Da Silva
- INSA-Lyon, INRAE, UMR203 BF2i, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Normand
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Petar Pujic
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hasna Boubakri
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5557, INRAE UMR1418, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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Yang B, Wang J, Yu M, Zhang M, Zhong Y, Wang T, Liu P, Song W, Zhao H, Fastner A, Suter M, Rentsch D, Ludewig U, Jin W, Geiger D, Hedrich R, Braun DM, Koch KE, McCarty DR, Wu WH, Li X, Wang Y, Lai J. The sugar transporter ZmSUGCAR1 of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family is critical for maize grain filling. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4232-4254. [PMID: 36047828 PMCID: PMC9614462 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal-to-filial nutrition transfer is central to grain development and yield. nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter (NRT1-PTR)-type transporters typically transport nitrate, peptides, and ions. Here, we report the identification of a maize (Zea mays) NRT1-PTR-type transporter that transports sucrose and glucose. The activity of this sugar transporter, named Sucrose and Glucose Carrier 1 (SUGCAR1), was systematically verified by tracer-labeled sugar uptake and serial electrophysiological studies including two-electrode voltage-clamp, non-invasive microelectrode ion flux estimation assays in Xenopus laevis oocytes and patch clamping in HEK293T cells. ZmSUGCAR1 is specifically expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer and loss-of-function mutation of ZmSUGCAR1 caused significantly decreased sucrose and glucose contents and subsequent shrinkage of maize kernels. Notably, the ZmSUGCAR1 orthologs SbSUGCAR1 (from Sorghum bicolor) and TaSUGCAR1 (from Triticum aestivum) displayed similar sugar transport activities in oocytes, supporting the functional conservation of SUGCAR1 in closely related cereal species. Thus, the discovery of ZmSUGCAR1 uncovers a type of sugar transporter essential for grain development and opens potential avenues for genetic improvement of seed-filling and yield in maize and other grain crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanting Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions (MOE), Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Astrid Fastner
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Suter
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Doris Rentsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Weiwei Jin
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - David M Braun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, 116 Tucker Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Karen E Koch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Donald R McCarty
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Horticultural Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions (MOE), Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB) and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Kanstrup C, Nour-Eldin HH. The emerging role of the nitrate and peptide transporter family: NPF in plant specialized metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102243. [PMID: 35709542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The nitrate and peptide transporter family (NPF) is one of the largest transporter families in the plant kingdom. The name of the family reflects the substrates (nitrate and peptides) identified for the two founding members CHL1 and PTR2 from Arabidopsis thaliana almost 30 years ago. However, since then, the NPF has emerged as a hotspot for transporters with a wide range of crucial roles in plant specialized metabolism. Recent prominent examples include 1) controlling accumulation of antinutritional glucosinolates in Brassica seeds, 2) deposition of heat-stress tolerance flavonol diglucosides to pollen coats 3) production of anti-cancerous monoterpene indole alkaloid precursors in Catharanthus roseus and 4) detoxification of steroid glycoalkaloids in ripening tomatoes. In this review, we turn the spotlight on the emerging role of the NPF in plant specialized metabolism and its potential for improving crop traits through transport engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Kanstrup
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Liang Q, Dong M, Gu M, Zhang P, Ma Q, He B. MeNPF4.5 Improves Cassava Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield by Regulating Nitrogen Uptake and Allocation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866855. [PMID: 35548292 PMCID: PMC9083203 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a very important goal of crop breeding throughout the world. Cassava is an important food and energy crop in tropical and subtropical regions, and it mainly use nitrate as an N source. To evaluate the effect of the nitrate transporter gene MeNPF4.5 on the uptake and utilization of N in cassava, two MeNPF4.5 overexpression lines (MeNPF4.5 OE-22 and MeNPF4.5 OE-34) and one MeNPF4.5 RNA interference (RNAi) line (MeNPF4.5 Ri-1) were used for a tissue culture experiment, combining with a field trial. The results indicated that MeNPF4.5 is a plasma membrane transporter mainly expressed in roots. The gene is induced by NO3 -. Compared with the wild type, MeNPF4.5 OE-22 exhibited improved growth, yield, and NUE under both low N and normal N levels, especially in the normal N treatment. However, the growth and N uptake of RNAi plants were significantly reduced, indicating poor N uptake and utilization capacity. In addition, photosynthesis and the activities of N metabolism-related enzymes (glutamine synthetase, glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase) of leaves in overexpression lines were significantly higher than those in wild type. Interestingly, the RNAi line increased enzymatic activity but decreased photosynthesis. IAA content of roots in overexpressed lines were lower than that in wild type under low N level, but higher than that of wild type under normal N level. The RNAi line increased IAA content of roots under both N levels. The IAA content of leaves in the overexpression lines was significantly higher than that of the wild type, but showed negative effects on that of the RNAi lines. Thus, our results demonstrated that the MeNPF4.5 nitrate transporter is involved in regulating the uptake and utilization of N in cassava, which leads to the increase of N metabolizing enzyme activity and photosynthesis, along with the change of endogenous hormones, thereby improving the NUE and yield of cassava. These findings shed light that MeNPF4.5 is involved in N use efficiency use in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyue Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mengmeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Minghua Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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9
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Pujic P, Alloisio N, Miotello G, Armengaud J, Abrouk D, Fournier P, Normand P. The Proteogenome of Symbiotic Frankia alni in Alnus glutinosa Nodules. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030651. [PMID: 35336227 PMCID: PMC8951365 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics are the most promising approaches to investigate microbes for which no genetic tools exist such as the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic Frankia. A proteogenomic analysis of symbiotic Frankia alni was done by comparing those proteins more and less abundant in Alnus glutinosa nodules relative to N2-fixing pure cultures with propionate as the carbon source. There were 250 proteins that were significantly overabundant in nodules at a fold change (FC) ≥ 2 threshold, and 1429 with the same characteristics in in vitro nitrogen-fixing pure culture. Nitrogenase, SuF (Fe–Su biogenesis) and hopanoid lipids synthesis determinants were the most overabundant proteins in symbiosis. Nitrogenase was found to constitute 3% of all Frankia proteins in nodules. Sod (superoxide dismutase) was overabundant, indicating a continued oxidative stress, while Kats (catalase) were not. Several transporters were overabundant including one for dicarboxylates and one for branched amino acids. The present results confirm the centrality of nitrogenase in the actinorhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Pujic
- Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, UMR5557, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon; INRA, UMR1418, 7330 Villeurbanne, France; (N.A.); (D.A.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Nicole Alloisio
- Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, UMR5557, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon; INRA, UMR1418, 7330 Villeurbanne, France; (N.A.); (D.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Guylaine Miotello
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, SPI, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France; (G.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, SPI, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France; (G.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Danis Abrouk
- Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, UMR5557, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon; INRA, UMR1418, 7330 Villeurbanne, France; (N.A.); (D.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Pascale Fournier
- Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, UMR5557, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon; INRA, UMR1418, 7330 Villeurbanne, France; (N.A.); (D.A.); (P.F.)
| | - Philippe Normand
- Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, UMR5557, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon; INRA, UMR1418, 7330 Villeurbanne, France; (N.A.); (D.A.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (P.N.)
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10
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Banasiak J, Jamruszka T, Murray JD, Jasiński M. A roadmap of plant membrane transporters in arbuscular mycorrhizal and legume-rhizobium symbioses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2071-2091. [PMID: 34618047 PMCID: PMC8644718 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants live in close contact with beneficial soil microbes: the majority of land plant species establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, while most legumes, the third largest plant family, can form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. These microbes contribute to plant nutrition via endosymbiotic processes that require modulating the expression and function of plant transporter systems. The efficient contribution of these symbionts involves precisely controlled integration of transport, which is enabled by the adaptability and plasticity of their transporters. Advances in our understanding of these systems, driven by functional genomics research, are rapidly filling the gap in knowledge about plant membrane transport involved in these plant-microbe interactions. In this review, we synthesize recent findings associated with different stages of these symbioses, from the pre-symbiotic stage to nutrient exchange, and describe the role of host transport systems in both mycorrhizal and legume-rhizobia symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Banasiak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jamruszka
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular and Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-632, Poland
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11
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Booth NJ, Smith PMC, Ramesh SA, Day DA. Malate Transport and Metabolism in Nitrogen-Fixing Legume Nodules. Molecules 2021; 26:6876. [PMID: 34833968 PMCID: PMC8618214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes form a symbiosis with rhizobia, a soil bacterium that allows them to access atmospheric nitrogen and deliver it to the plant for growth. Biological nitrogen fixation occurs in specialized organs, termed nodules, that develop on the legume root system and house nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteroids in organelle-like structures termed symbiosomes. The process is highly energetic and there is a large demand for carbon by the bacteroids. This carbon is supplied to the nodule as sucrose, which is broken down in nodule cells to organic acids, principally malate, that can then be assimilated by bacteroids. Sucrose may move through apoplastic and/or symplastic routes to the uninfected cells of the nodule or be directly metabolised at the site of import within the vascular parenchyma cells. Malate must be transported to the infected cells and then across the symbiosome membrane, where it is taken up by bacteroids through a well-characterized dct system. The dicarboxylate transporters on the infected cell and symbiosome membranes have been functionally characterized but remain unidentified. Proteomic and transcriptomic studies have revealed numerous candidates, but more work is required to characterize their function and localise the proteins in planta. GABA, which is present at high concentrations in nodules, may play a regulatory role, but this remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Booth
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (N.J.B.); (S.A.R.)
| | | | - Sunita A. Ramesh
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (N.J.B.); (S.A.R.)
| | - David A. Day
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (N.J.B.); (S.A.R.)
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12
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Yu YC, Dickstein R, Longo A. Structural Modeling and in planta Complementation Studies Link Mutated Residues of the Medicago truncatula Nitrate Transporter NPF1.7 to Functionality in Root Nodules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:685334. [PMID: 34276736 PMCID: PMC8282211 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.685334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a complex and regulated process that takes place in root nodules of legumes and allows legumes to grow in soils that lack nitrogen. Nitrogen is mostly acquired from the soil as nitrate and its level in the soil affects nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The mechanism(s) by which legumes modulate nitrate uptake to regulate nodule symbiosis remain unclear. In Medicago truncatula, the MtNPF1.7 transporter has been shown to control nodulation, symbiosis, and root architecture. MtNPF1.7 belongs to the nitrate/peptide transporter family and is a symporter with nitrate transport driven by proton(s). In this study we combined in silico structural predictions with in planta complementation of the severely defective mtnip-1 mutant plants to understand the role of a series of distinct amino acids in the transporter's function. Our results support hypotheses about the functional importance of the ExxE(R/K) motif including an essential role for the first glutamic acid of the motif in proton(s) and possibly substrate transport. Results reveal that Motif A, a motif conserved among major facilitator transport (MFS) proteins, is essential for function. We hypothesize that it participates in intradomain packing of transmembrane helices and stabilizing one conformation during transport. Our results also question the existence of a putative TMH4-TMH10 salt bridge. These results are discussed in the context of potential nutrient transport functions for MtNPF1.7. Our findings add to the knowledge of the mechanism of alternative conformational changes as well as symport transport in NPFs and enhance our knowledge of the mechanisms for nitrate signaling.
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13
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Vittozzi Y, Nadzieja M, Rogato A, Radutoiu S, Valkov VT, Chiurazzi M. The Lotus japonicus NPF3.1 Is a Nodule-Induced Gene That Plays a Positive Role in Nodule Functioning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:688187. [PMID: 34220910 PMCID: PMC8253256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing nodules are new organs formed on legume roots as a result of the beneficial interaction with the soil bacteria, rhizobia. Proteins of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) are largely represented in the subcategory of nodule-induced transporters identified in mature nodules. The role of nitrate as a signal/nutrient regulating nodule functioning has been recently highlighted in the literature, and NPFs may play a central role in both the permissive and inhibitory pathways controlling N2-fixation efficiency. In this study, we present the characterization of the Lotus japonicus LjNPF3.1 gene. LjNPF3.1 is upregulated in mature nodules. Promoter studies show transcriptional activation confined to the cortical region of both roots and nodules. Under symbiotic conditions, Ljnpf3.1-knockout mutant's display reduced shoot development and anthocyanin accumulation as a result of nutrient deprivation. Altogether, LjNPF3.1 plays a role in maximizing the beneficial outcome of the root nodule symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Vittozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcin Nadzieja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
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14
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Jin Y, Xu Y, Huang Z, Zhou Z, Wei X. Metabolite pattern in root nodules of the actinorhizal plant Casuarina equisetifolia. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112724. [PMID: 33721795 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Casuarina equisetifolia L. (Casuarinaceae), an actinorhizal plant, exhibits mutualistic symbiosis with Frankia and promotes nitrogen fixation in root nodules. While the exchange of metabolites between host plant and microsymbiont is well understood in legume symbioses, the situation in the symbiosis between nitrogen-fixing Frankia and actinorhizal plants is less clear. In this study, a metabolomic approach was applied to root nodules of mature C. equisetifolia trees, leading to the identification of an undescribed taraxerane-type triterpenoid ester, 3-O-dihydrocoumaroyl β-taraxerol, along with twelve known compounds. An abundant component was tyramine with a content of 2.76 ± 0.315 mg/g FW in mature nodules. Tyramine specifically and abundantly accumulated in mature nitrogen-fixing nodules compared to senescent nodules, stems, leaves, and seeds. In addition, the potential function of tyramine was preliminarily examined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengwan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; South China Branch of Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; South China Branch of Innovation Academy for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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15
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Grunewald S, Marillonnet S, Hause G, Haferkamp I, Neuhaus HE, Veß A, Hollemann T, Vogt T. The Tapetal Major Facilitator NPF2.8 Is Required for Accumulation of Flavonol Glycosides on the Pollen Surface in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1727-1748. [PMID: 32156687 PMCID: PMC7203936 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The exine of angiosperm pollen grains is usually covered by a complex mix of metabolites including pollen-specific hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) and flavonoid glycosides. Although the biosynthetic pathways resulting in the formation of HCAAs and flavonol glycosides have been characterized, it is unclear how these compounds are transported to the pollen surface. In this report we provide several lines of evidence that a member of the nitrate/peptide transporter family is required for the accumulation and transport of pollen-specific flavonol 3-o-sophorosides, characterized by a glycosidic β-1,2-linkage, to the pollen surface of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Ectopic, transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal leaf cells demonstrated localization of this flavonol sophoroside transporter (FST1) at the plasmalemma when fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). We also confirmed the tapetum-specific expression of FST1 by GFP reporter lines driven by the FST1 promoter. In vitro characterization of FST1 activity was achieved by microbial uptake assays based on 14C-labeled flavonol glycosides. Finally, rescue of an fst1 insertion mutant by complementation with an FST1 genomic fragment restored the accumulation of flavonol glycosides in pollen grains to wild-type levels, corroborating the requirement of FST1 for transport of flavonol-3-o-sophorosides from the tapetum to the pollen surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Grunewald
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sylvestre Marillonnet
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- University Biocenter, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Plant Physiology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Astrid Veß
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Hollemann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Wang J, Hossain MS, Lyu Z, Schmutz J, Stacey G, Xu D, Joshi T. SoyCSN: Soybean context-specific network analysis and prediction based on tissue-specific transcriptome data. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00167. [PMID: 31549018 PMCID: PMC6747016 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Soybean Gene Atlas project provides a comprehensive map for understanding gene expression patterns in major soybean tissues from flower, root, leaf, nodule, seed, and shoot and stem. The RNA-Seq data generated in the project serve as a valuable resource for discovering tissue-specific transcriptome behavior of soybean genes in different tissues. We developed a computational pipeline for Soybean context-specific network (SoyCSN) inference with a suite of prediction tools to analyze, annotate, retrieve, and visualize soybean context-specific networks at both transcriptome and interactome levels. BicMix and Cross-Conditions Cluster Detection algorithms were applied to detect modules based on co-expression relationships across all the tissues. Soybean context-specific interactomes were predicted by combining soybean tissue gene expression and protein-protein interaction data. Functional analyses of these predicted networks provide insights into soybean tissue specificities. For example, under symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing conditions, the constructed soybean leaf network highlights the connection between the photosynthesis function and rhizobium-legume symbiosis. SoyCSN data and all its results are publicly available via an interactive web service within the Soybean Knowledge Base (SoyKB) at http://soykb.org/SoyCSN. SoyCSN provides a useful web-based access for exploring context specificities systematically in gene regulatory mechanisms and gene relationships for soybean researchers and molecular breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexin Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Md Shakhawat Hossain
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
- Divisions of Plant Science and BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Zhen Lyu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for BiotechnologyHuntsvilleALUSA
- DOE Joint Genome InstituteWalnut CreekCAUSA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
- Divisions of Plant Science and BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
- Informatics InstituteUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
- Informatics InstituteUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Health Management and Informatics and Office of ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of MissouriSt. LouisMOUSA
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17
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Sol S, Valkov VT, Rogato A, Noguero M, Gargiulo L, Mele G, Lacombe B, Chiurazzi M. Disruption of the Lotus japonicus transporter LjNPF2.9 increases shoot biomass and nitrate content without affecting symbiotic performances. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:380. [PMID: 31470797 PMCID: PMC6717371 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After uptake from soil into the root tissue, distribution and allocation of nitrate throughout the whole plant body, is a critical step of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and for modulation of plant growth in response to various environmental conditions. In legume plants nitrate distribution is also important for the regulation of the nodulation process that allows to fix atmospheric N (N2) through the symbiotic interaction with rhizobia (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, SNF). RESULTS Here we report the functional characterization of the Lotus japonicus gene LjNPF2.9, which is expressed mainly in the root vascular structures, a key localization for the control of nitrate allocation throughout the plant body. LjNPF2.9 expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes induces 15NO3 accumulation indicating that it functions as a nitrate importer. The phenotypic characterization of three independent knock out mutants indicates an increased shoot biomass in the mutant backgrounds. This phenotype is associated to an increased/decreased nitrate content detected in the shoots/roots. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that the accumulation of nitrate in the shoot does not affect the nodulation and N-Fixation capacities of the knock out mutants. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that LjNPF2.9 plays a crucial role in the downward transport of nitrate to roots, occurring likely through a xylem-to-phloem loading-mediated activity. The increase of the shoot biomass and nitrate accumulation might represent a relevant phenotype in the perspective of an improved NUE and this is further reinforced in legume plants by the reported lack of effects on the SNF efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sol
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mélanie Noguero
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Gargiulo
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, ISAFOM, CNR, Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mele
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo, ISAFOM, CNR, Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano, Italy
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, IBBR, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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18
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Rosa LT, Dix SR, Rafferty JB, Kelly DJ. A New Mechanism for High-Affinity Uptake of C4-Dicarboxylates in Bacteria Revealed by the Structure of Rhodopseudomonas palustris MatC (RPA3494), a Periplasmic Binding Protein of the Tripartite Tricarboxylate Transporter (TTT) Family. J Mol Biol 2018; 431:351-367. [PMID: 30471256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
C4-dicarboxylates play a central role in cellular physiology as key metabolic intermediates. Under aerobic conditions, they participate in the citric acid cycle, while in anaerobic bacteria, they are important in energy-conserving fermentation and respiration processes. Ten different families of secondary transporters have been described to participate in C4-dicarboxylate movement across biological membranes, but only one of these utilizes an extracytoplasmic solute binding protein to achieve high-affinity uptake. Here, we identify the MatBAC system from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris as the first member of the tripartite tricarboxylate transport family to be involved in C4-dicarboxylate transport. Tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy showed that MatC, the periplasmic binding protein from this system, binds to l- and d-malate with Kd values of 27 and 21 nM, respectively, the highest reported affinity to date for these C4-dicarboxylates, and to succinate (Kd = 110 nM) and fumarate (Kd = 400 nM). The 2.1-Å crystal structure of MatC with bound malate shows a high level of substrate coordination, with participation of two water molecules that bridge hydrogen bonds between the ligand proximal carboxylic group and the main chain of two conserved loops in the protein structure. The substrate coordination in MatC correlates with the binding data and explains the protein's selectivity for different substrates and respective binding affinities. Our results reveal a new function in C4-dicarboxylate transport by members of the poorly characterized tripartite tricarboxylate transport family, which are widely distributed in bacterial genomes but for which details of structure-function relationships and transport mechanisms have been lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo T Rosa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Samuel R Dix
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - John B Rafferty
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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Heng Y, Wu C, Long Y, Luo S, Ma J, Chen J, Liu J, Zhang H, Ren Y, Wang M, Tan J, Zhu S, Wang J, Lei C, Zhang X, Guo X, Wang H, Cheng Z, Wan J. OsALMT7 Maintains Panicle Size and Grain Yield in Rice by Mediating Malate Transport. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:889-906. [PMID: 29610210 PMCID: PMC5969278 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Panicle size is a critical determinant of grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa) and other grain crops. During rice growth and development, spikelet abortion often occurs at either the top or the basal part of the panicle under unfavorable conditions, causing a reduction in fertile spikelet number and thus grain yield. In this study, we report the isolation and functional characterization of a panicle abortion mutant named panicle apical abortion1-1 (paab1-1). paab1-1 exhibits degeneration of spikelets on the apical portion of panicles during late stage of panicle development. Cellular and physiological analyses revealed that the apical spikelets in the paab1-1 mutant undergo programmed cell death, accompanied by nuclear DNA fragmentation and accumulation of higher levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde. Molecular cloning revealed that paab1-1 harbors a mutation in OsALMT7, which encodes a putative aluminum-activated malate transporter (OsALMT7) localized to the plasma membrane, and is preferentially expressed in the vascular tissues of developing panicles. Consistent with a function for OsALMT7 as a malate transporter, the panicle of the paab1-1 mutant contained less malate than the wild type, particularly at the apical portions, and injection of malate into the paab1-1 panicle could alleviate the spikelet degeneration phenotype. Together, these results suggest that OsALMT7-mediated transport of malate into the apical portion of panicle is required for normal panicle development, thus highlighting a key role of malate in maintaining the sink size and grain yield in rice and probably other grain crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Heng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jin Ma
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiafan Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junjie Tan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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20
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Drechsler N, Courty PE, Brulé D, Kunze R. Identification of arbuscular mycorrhiza-inducible Nitrate Transporter 1/Peptide Transporter Family (NPF) genes in rice. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:93-100. [PMID: 28993893 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize up to 90% of all land plants and facilitate the acquisition of mineral nutrients by their hosts. Inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) and nitrogen (N) are the major nutrients transferred from the fungi to plants. While plant Pi transporters involved in nutrient transfer at the plant-fungal interface have been well studied, the plant N transporters participating in this process are largely unknown except for some ammonium transporters (AMT) specifically assigned to arbuscule-colonized cortical cells. In plants, many nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) members are involved in the translocation of nitrogenous compounds including nitrate, amino acids, peptides and plant hormones. Whether NPF members respond to AMF colonization, however, is not yet known. Here, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of 82 rice (Oryza sativa) NPF genes in response to colonization by the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis in roots of plants grown under five different nutrition regimes. Expression of the four OsNPF genes NPF2.2/PTR2, NPF1.3, NPF6.4 and NPF4.12 was strongly induced in mycorrhizal roots and depended on the composition of the fertilizer solution, nominating them as interesting candidates for nutrient signaling and exchange processes at the plant-fungal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navina Drechsler
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, AgroSupDijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Daphnée Brulé
- Agroécologie, AgroSupDijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Reinhard Kunze
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Liu A, Contador CA, Fan K, Lam HM. Interaction and Regulation of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Metabolisms in Root Nodules of Legumes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1860. [PMID: 30619423 PMCID: PMC6305480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Members of the plant family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) are unique in that they have evolved a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia (a group of soil bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen). Rhizobia infect and form root nodules on their specific host plants before differentiating into bacteroids, the symbiotic form of rhizobia. This complex relationship involves the supply of C4-dicarboxylate and phosphate by the host plants to the microsymbionts that utilize them in the energy-intensive process of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium, which is in turn made available to the host plants as a source of nitrogen, a macronutrient for growth. Although nitrogen-fixing bacteroids are no longer growing, they are metabolically active. The symbiotic process is complex and tightly regulated by both the host plants and the bacteroids. The metabolic pathways of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate are heavily regulated in the host plants, as they need to strike a fine balance between satisfying their own needs as well as those of the microsymbionts. A network of transporters for the various metabolites are responsible for the trafficking of these essential molecules between the two partners through the symbiosome membrane (plant-derived membrane surrounding the bacteroid), and these are in turn regulated by various transcription factors that control their expressions under different environmental conditions. Understanding this complex process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation is vital in promoting sustainable agriculture and enhancing soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Liu
- Centre for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Carolina A. Contador
- Centre for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kejing Fan
- Centre for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- *Correspondence: Hon-Ming Lam,
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22
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Valkov VT, Rogato A, Alves LM, Sol S, Noguero M, Léran S, Lacombe B, Chiurazzi M. The Nitrate Transporter Family Protein LjNPF8.6 Controls the N-Fixing Nodule Activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1269-1282. [PMID: 28931627 PMCID: PMC5664486 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
N-fixing nodules are new organs formed on legume roots as a result of the beneficial interaction with soil bacteria, rhizobia. The nodule functioning is still a poorly characterized step of the symbiotic interaction, as only a few of the genes induced in N-fixing nodules have been functionally characterized. We present here the characterization of a member of the Lotus japonicus nitrate transporter1/peptide transporter family, LjNPF8.6 The phenotypic characterization carried out in independent L. japonicus LORE1 insertion lines indicates a positive role of LjNPF8.6 on nodule functioning, as knockout mutants display N-fixation deficiency (25%) and increased nodular superoxide content. The partially compromised nodule functioning induces two striking phenotypes: anthocyanin accumulation already displayed 4 weeks after inoculation and shoot biomass deficiency, which is detected by long-term phenotyping. LjNPF8.6 achieves nitrate uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes at both 0.5 and 30 mm external concentrations, and a possible role as a nitrate transporter in the control of N-fixing nodule activity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ludovico Martins Alves
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Sol
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mélanie Noguero
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Sophie Léran
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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23
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Li Q, Zheng J, Li S, Huang G, Skilling SJ, Wang L, Li L, Li M, Yuan L, Liu P. Transporter-Mediated Nuclear Entry of Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine Is Essential for Jasmonate Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:695-708. [PMID: 28179150 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To control gene expression by directly responding to hormone concentrations, both animal and plant cells have exploited comparable mechanisms to sense small-molecule hormones in nucleus. Whether nuclear entry of these hormones is actively transported or passively diffused, as conventionally postulated, through the nuclear pore complex, remains enigmatic. Here, we identified and characterized a jasmonate transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtJAT1/AtABCG16, which exhibits an unexpected dual localization at the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane. We show that AtJAT1/AtABCG16 controls the cytoplasmic and nuclear partition of jasmonate phytohormones by mediating both cellular efflux of jasmonic acid (JA) and nuclear influx of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and is essential for maintaining a critical nuclear JA-Ile concentration to activate JA signaling. These results illustrate that transporter-mediated nuclear entry of small hormone molecules is a new mechanism to regulate nuclear hormone signaling. Our findings provide an avenue to develop pharmaceutical agents targeting the nuclear entry of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuaizhang Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guanrong Huang
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Stephen J Skilling
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Mengya Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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24
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Tang Z, Chen Y, Chen F, Ji Y, Zhao FJ. OsPTR7 (OsNPF8.1), a Putative Peptide Transporter in Rice, is Involved in Dimethylarsenate Accumulation in Rice Grain. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:904-913. [PMID: 28340032 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a major dietary source of arsenic (As) for the population consuming rice as their staple food. Rice grain contains both inorganic As and methylated As species, especially dimethyarsinate (DMA). DMA is highly mobile in long-distance translocation in plants, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, we showed that OsPTR7 (OsNPF8.1), a putative peptide transporter in rice, was permeable to DMA in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Transient expression of the OsPTR7-green fluorescent protein (GFP) in tobacco protoplasts showed that OsPTR7 was localized in the cell plasma membrane. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that OsPTR7 was more highly expressed in the shoots than in the roots at the seedling stage. At the flowering and grain-filling stage, the OsPTR7 transcript was abundant in the leaves, node I and roots. Knockout or knockdown mutants of OsPTR7 had significantly decreased root to shoot translocation of DMA compared with wild-type plants and accumulated less As in the brown rice. In field-grown plants, DMA accounted for 35% of the total As in the brown rice of wild-type plants but was undetectable in the knockout mutant. Our study demonstrates that OsPTR7 is involved in the long-distance translocation of DMA and contributes to the accumulation of DMA in rice grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
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25
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Takanashi K, Sasaki T, Kan T, Saida Y, Sugiyama A, Yamamoto Y, Yazaki K. A Dicarboxylate Transporter, LjALMT4, Mainly Expressed in Nodules of Lotus japonicus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:584-92. [PMID: 27183039 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-16-0071-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants can establish symbiosis with soil bacteria called rhizobia to obtain nitrogen as a nutrient directly from atmospheric N2 via symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Legumes and rhizobia form nodules, symbiotic organs in which fixed-nitrogen and photosynthetic products are exchanged between rhizobia and plant cells. The photosynthetic products supplied to rhizobia are thought to be dicarboxylates but little is known about the movement of dicarboxylates in the nodules. In terms of dicarboxylate transporters, an aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) family is a strong candidate responsible for the membrane transport of carboxylates in nodules. Among the seven ALMT genes in the Lotus japonicus genome, only one, LjALMT4, shows a high expression in the nodules. LjALMT4 showed transport activity in a Xenopus oocyte system, with LjALMT4 mediating the efflux of dicarboxylates including malate, succinate, and fumarate, but not tricarboxylates such as citrate. LjALMT4 also mediated the influx of several inorganic anions. Organ-specific gene expression analysis showed LjALMT4 mRNA mainly in the parenchyma cells of nodule vascular bundles. These results suggest that LjALMT4 may not be involved in the direct supply of dicarboxylates to rhizobia in infected cells but is responsible for supplying malate as well as several anions necessary for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, via nodule vasculatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Takanashi
- 1 Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
- 2 Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; and
| | - Takayuki Sasaki
- 3 Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kan
- 1 Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuka Saida
- 1 Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- 1 Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- 3 Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- 1 Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
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26
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Kant C, Pradhan S, Bhatia S. Dissecting the Root Nodule Transcriptome of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157908. [PMID: 27348121 PMCID: PMC4922567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark trait of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), like other legumes, is the capability to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3) in symbiotic association with Mesorhizobium ciceri. However, the complexity of molecular networks associated with the dynamics of nodule development in chickpea need to be analyzed in depth. Hence, in order to gain insights into the chickpea nodule development, the transcriptomes of nodules at early, middle and late stages of development were sequenced using the Roche 454 platform. This generated 490.84 Mb sequence data comprising 1,360,251 reads which were assembled into 83,405 unigenes. Transcripts were annotated using Gene Ontology (GO), Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways analysis. Differential expression analysis revealed that a total of 3760 transcripts were differentially expressed in at least one of three stages, whereas 935, 117 and 2707 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in the early, middle and late stages of nodule development respectively. MapMan analysis revealed enrichment of metabolic pathways such as transport, protein synthesis, signaling and carbohydrate metabolism during root nodulation. Transcription factors were predicted and analyzed for their differential expression during nodule development. Putative nodule specific transcripts were identified and enriched for GO categories using BiNGO which revealed many categories to be enriched during nodule development, including transcription regulators and transporters. Further, the assembled transcriptome was also used to mine for genic SSR markers. In conclusion, this study will help in enriching the transcriptomic resources implicated in understanding of root nodulation events in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kant
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Post Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Seema Pradhan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Post Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sabhyata Bhatia
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Post Box No. 10531, New Delhi 110067, India
- * E-mail:
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27
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Persson T, Van Nguyen T, Alloisio N, Pujic P, Berry AM, Normand P, Pawlowski K. The N-metabolites of roots and actinorhizal nodules from Alnus glutinosa and Datisca glomerata: can D. glomerata change N-transport forms when nodulated? Symbiosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-016-0407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Carro L, Persson T, Pujic P, Alloisio N, Fournier P, Boubakri H, Pawlowski K, Normand P. Organic acids metabolism in Frankia alni. Symbiosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-016-0404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Li B, Byrt C, Qiu J, Baumann U, Hrmova M, Evrard A, Johnson AAT, Birnbaum KD, Mayo GM, Jha D, Henderson SW, Tester M, Gilliham M, Roy SJ. Identification of a Stelar-Localized Transport Protein That Facilitates Root-to-Shoot Transfer of Chloride in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1014-29. [PMID: 26662602 PMCID: PMC4734554 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Under saline conditions, higher plants restrict the accumulation of chloride ions (Cl(-)) in the shoot by regulating their transfer from the root symplast into the xylem-associated apoplast. To identify molecular mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon, we undertook a transcriptional screen of salt stressed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots. Microarrays, quantitative RT-PCR, and promoter-GUS fusions identified a candidate gene involved in Cl(-) xylem loading from the Nitrate transporter 1/Peptide Transporter family (NPF2.4). This gene was highly expressed in the root stele compared to the cortex, and its expression decreased after exposure to NaCl or abscisic acid. NPF2.4 fused to fluorescent proteins, expressed either transiently or stably, was targeted to the plasma membrane. Electrophysiological analysis of NPF2.4 in Xenopus laevis oocytes suggested that NPF2.4 catalyzed passive Cl(-) efflux out of cells and was much less permeable to NO3(-). Shoot Cl(-) accumulation was decreased following NPF2.4 artificial microRNA knockdown, whereas it was increased by overexpression of NPF2.4. Taken together, these results suggest that NPF2.4 is involved in long-distance transport of Cl(-) in plants, playing a role in the loading and the regulation of Cl(-) loading into the xylem of Arabidopsis roots during salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Caitlin Byrt
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Ute Baumann
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Maria Hrmova
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Aurelie Evrard
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Alexander A T Johnson
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Kenneth D Birnbaum
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Gwenda M Mayo
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Deepa Jha
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Sam W Henderson
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Mark Tester
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Mathew Gilliham
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
| | - Stuart J Roy
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics (B.L., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., D.J., M.T., S.J.R.), School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine (B.L., C.B., J.Q., U.B., M.H., A.E., G.M.M., D.J., S.W.H., M.T., M.G., S.J.R.), and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (C.B., J.Q., S.W.H., M.G.), University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia;Centre for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (B.L., M.T.);School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia (A.A.T.J.); and Centre for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York 10003 (K.D.B.)
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Rogato A, Amato A, Iudicone D, Chiurazzi M, Ferrante MI, d'Alcalà MR. The diatom molecular toolkit to handle nitrogen uptake. Mar Genomics 2015; 24 Pt 1:95-108. [PMID: 26055207 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient concentrations in the oceans display significant temporal and spatial variability, which strongly affects growth, distribution and survival of phytoplankton. Nitrogen (N) in particular is often considered a limiting resource for prominent marine microalgae, such as diatoms. Diatoms possess a suite of N-related transporters and enzymes and utilize a variety of inorganic (e.g., nitrate, NO3(-); ammonium, NH4(+)) and organic (e.g., urea; amino acids) N sources for growth. However, the molecular mechanisms allowing diatoms to cope efficiently with N oscillations by controlling uptake capacities and signaling pathways involved in the perception of external and internal clues remain largely unknown. Data reported in the literature suggest that the regulation and the characteristic of the genes, and their products, involved in N metabolism are often diatom-specific, which correlates with the peculiar physiology of these organisms for what N utilization concerns. Our study reveals that diatoms host a larger suite of N transporters than one would expected for a unicellular organism, which may warrant flexible responses to variable conditions, possibly also correlated to the phases of life cycle of the cells. All this makes N transporters a crucial key to reveal the balance between proximate and ultimate factors in diatom life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alberto Amato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Iudicone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Ferrante
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalà
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale 1, 80121 Naples, Italy
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Clarke VC, Loughlin PC, Gavrin A, Chen C, Brear EM, Day DA, Smith PMC. Proteomic analysis of the soybean symbiosome identifies new symbiotic proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1301-22. [PMID: 25724908 PMCID: PMC4424401 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.043166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes form a symbiosis with rhizobia in which the plant provides an energy source to the rhizobia bacteria that it uses to fix atmospheric nitrogen. This nitrogen is provided to the legume plant, allowing it to grow without the addition of nitrogen fertilizer. As part of the symbiosis, the bacteria in the infected cells of a new root organ, the nodule, are surrounded by a plant-derived membrane, the symbiosome membrane, which becomes the interface between the symbionts. Fractions containing the symbiosome membrane (SM) and material from the lumen of the symbiosome (peribacteroid space or PBS) were isolated from soybean root nodules and analyzed using nongel proteomic techniques. Bicarbonate stripping and chloroform-methanol extraction of isolated SM were used to reduce complexity of the samples and enrich for hydrophobic integral membrane proteins. One hundred and ninety-seven proteins were identified as components of the SM, with an additional fifteen proteins identified from peripheral membrane and PBS protein fractions. Proteins involved in a range of cellular processes such as metabolism, protein folding and degradation, membrane trafficking, and solute transport were identified. These included a number of proteins previously localized to the SM, such as aquaglyceroporin nodulin 26, sulfate transporters, remorin, and Rab7 homologs. Among the proteome were a number of putative transporters for compounds such as sulfate, calcium, hydrogen ions, peptide/dicarboxylate, and nitrate, as well as transporters for which the substrate is not easy to predict. Analysis of the promoter activity for six genes encoding putative SM proteins showed nodule specific expression, with five showing expression only in infected cells. Localization of two proteins was confirmed using GFP-fusion experiments. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001132. This proteome will provide a rich resource for the study of the legume-rhizobium symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Clarke
- From the ‡University of Sydney, School of Biological Sciences, Sydney Australia
| | - Patrick C Loughlin
- From the ‡University of Sydney, School of Biological Sciences, Sydney Australia
| | - Aleksandr Gavrin
- From the ‡University of Sydney, School of Biological Sciences, Sydney Australia
| | - Chi Chen
- From the ‡University of Sydney, School of Biological Sciences, Sydney Australia
| | - Ella M Brear
- From the ‡University of Sydney, School of Biological Sciences, Sydney Australia
| | - David A Day
- From the ‡University of Sydney, School of Biological Sciences, Sydney Australia; §Flinders University, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide Australia
| | - Penelope M C Smith
- From the ‡University of Sydney, School of Biological Sciences, Sydney Australia;
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Clarke VC, Loughlin PC, Day DA, Smith PMC. Transport processes of the legume symbiosome membrane. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:699. [PMID: 25566274 PMCID: PMC4266029 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The symbiosome membrane (SM) is a physical barrier between the host plant and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the legume:rhizobia symbiosis, and represents a regulated interface for the movement of solutes between the symbionts that is under plant control. The primary nutrient exchange across the SM is the transport of a carbon energy source from plant to bacteroid in exchange for fixed nitrogen. At a biochemical level two channels have been implicated in movement of fixed nitrogen across the SM and a uniporter that transports monovalent dicarboxylate ions has been characterized that would transport fixed carbon. The aquaporin NOD26 may provide a channel for ammonia, but the genes encoding the other transporters have not been identified. Transport of several other solutes, including calcium and potassium, have been demonstrated in isolated symbiosomes, and genes encoding transport systems for the movement of iron, nitrate, sulfate, and zinc in nodules have been identified. However, definitively matching transport activities with these genes has proved difficult and many further transport processes are expected on the SM to facilitate the movement of nutrients between the symbionts. Recently, work detailing the SM proteome in soybean has been completed, contributing significantly to the database of known SM proteins. This represents a valuable resource for the identification of transporter protein candidates, some of which may correspond to transport processes previously described, or to novel transport systems in the symbiosis. Putative transporters identified from the proteome include homologs of transporters of sulfate, calcium, peptides, and various metal ions. Here we review current knowledge of transport processes of the SM and discuss the requirements for additional transport routes of other nutrients exchanged in the symbiosis, with a focus on transport systems identified through the soybean SM proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C. Clarke
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - David A. Day
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Roux B, Rodde N, Jardinaud MF, Timmers T, Sauviac L, Cottret L, Carrère S, Sallet E, Courcelle E, Moreau S, Debellé F, Capela D, de Carvalho-Niebel F, Gouzy J, Bruand C, Gamas P. An integrated analysis of plant and bacterial gene expression in symbiotic root nodules using laser-capture microdissection coupled to RNA sequencing. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:817-37. [PMID: 24483147 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobium-induced root nodules are specialized organs for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Indeterminate-type nodules are formed from an apical meristem and exhibit a spatial zonation which corresponds to successive developmental stages. To get a dynamic and integrated view of plant and bacterial gene expression associated with nodule development, we used a sensitive and comprehensive approach based upon oriented high-depth RNA sequencing coupled to laser microdissection of nodule regions. This study, focused on the association between the model legume Medicago truncatula and its symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti, led to the production of 942 million sequencing read pairs that were unambiguously mapped on plant and bacterial genomes. Bioinformatic and statistical analyses enabled in-depth comparison, at a whole-genome level, of gene expression in specific nodule zones. Previously characterized symbiotic genes displayed the expected spatial pattern of expression, thus validating the robustness of our approach. We illustrate the use of this resource by examining gene expression associated with three essential elements of nodule development, namely meristem activity, cell differentiation and selected signaling processes related to bacterial Nod factors and redox status. We found that transcription factor genes essential for the control of the root apical meristem were also expressed in the nodule meristem, while the plant mRNAs most enriched in nodules compared with roots were mostly associated with zones comprising both plant and bacterial partners. The data, accessible on a dedicated website, represent a rich resource for microbiologists and plant biologists to address a variety of questions of both fundamental and applied interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Roux
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France; CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
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Léran S, Varala K, Boyer JC, Chiurazzi M, Crawford N, Daniel-Vedele F, David L, Dickstein R, Fernandez E, Forde B, Gassmann W, Geiger D, Gojon A, Gong JM, Halkier BA, Harris JM, Hedrich R, Limami AM, Rentsch D, Seo M, Tsay YF, Zhang M, Coruzzi G, Lacombe B. A unified nomenclature of NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER family members in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:5-9. [PMID: 24055139 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the plant NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (NRT1/PTR) family display protein sequence homology with the SLC15/PepT/PTR/POT family of peptide transporters in animals. In comparison to their animal and bacterial counterparts, these plant proteins transport a wide variety of substrates: nitrate, peptides, amino acids, dicarboxylates, glucosinolates, IAA, and ABA. The phylogenetic relationship of the members of the NRT1/PTR family in 31 fully sequenced plant genomes allowed the identification of unambiguous clades, defining eight subfamilies. The phylogenetic tree was used to determine a unified nomenclature of this family named NPF, for NRT1/PTR FAMILY. We propose that the members should be named accordingly: NPFX.Y, where X denotes the subfamily and Y the individual member within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Léran
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/UM2/SupAgro, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Kranthi Varala
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, 12 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Boyer
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/UM2/SupAgro, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'Adriano Buzzati-Traverso', CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nigel Crawford
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Françoise Daniel-Vedele
- INRA AgroParisTech, UMR1318 Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Laure David
- INRA AgroParisTech, UMR1318 Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Rebecca Dickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Severo Ochoa Baja E, Campus de Rabanales, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Brian Forde
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences, CS Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie und Biophysik, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alain Gojon
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/UM2/SupAgro, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Ji-Ming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Barbara A Halkier
- DynaMo Centre of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jeanne M Harris
- Department of Plant Biology, 315 Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie und Biophysik, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anis M Limami
- UMR 1345 Research Institute of Horticulture and Seeds (INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, University of Angers), SFR 4207 Quasav, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Doris Rentsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mingyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Gloria Coruzzi
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, 12 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Benoît Lacombe
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/UM2/SupAgro, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
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36
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Hofstetter SS, Dudnik A, Widmer H, Dudler R. Arabidopsis YELLOW STRIPE-LIKE7 (YSL7) and YSL8 transporters mediate uptake of Pseudomonas virulence factor syringolin A into plant cells. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2013; 26:1302-1311. [PMID: 23945001 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-13-0163-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Syringolin A (SylA), a virulence factor secreted by certain strains of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor imported by plant cells by an unknown transport process. Here, we report that functional expression in yeast of all 17 members of the Arabidopsis oligopeptide transporter family revealed that OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER1 (OPT1), OPT2, YELLOW STRIPE-LIKE3 (YSL3), YSL7, and YSL8 rendered yeast cells sensitive to growth inhibition by SylA to different degrees, strongly indicating that these proteins mediated SylA uptake into yeast cells. The greatest SylA sensitivity was conferred by YSL7 and YSL8 expression. An Arabidopsis ysl7 mutant exhibited strongly reduced SylA sensitivity in a root growth inhibition assay and in leaves of ysl7 and ysl8 mutants, SylA-mediated quenching of salicylic-acid-triggered PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1 transcript accumulation was greatly reduced compared with the wild type. These results suggest that YSL7 and YSL8 are major SylA uptake transporters in Arabidopsis. Expression of a YSL homolog of bean, the host of the SylA-producing P. syringae pv. syringae B728a, in yeast also conferred strong SylA sensitivity. Thus, YSL transporters, which are thought to be involved in metal homeostasis, have been hijacked by bacterial pathogens for SylA uptake into host cells.
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Tnani H, López-Ribera I, García-Muniz N, Vicient CM. ZmPTR1, a maize peptide transporter expressed in the epithelial cells of the scutellum during germination. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 207:140-147. [PMID: 23602109 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In plants, peptide transporter/nitrate transporter 1 (PTR/NRT1) family proteins transport a variety of substrates such as nitrate, di- and tripepetides, auxin and carboxylates across membranes. We isolated and characterized ZmPTR1, a maize member of this family. ZmPTR1 protein sequence is highly homologous to the previously characterized di- and tripeptide Arabidopsis transporters AtPTR2, AtPTR4 and AtPTR6. ZmPTR1 gene is expressed in the cells of the scutellar epithelium during germination and, to a less extent, in the radicle and the hypocotyl. Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing ZmPTR1 performed better than control plants when grown on a medium with Ala-Ala dipeptide as the unique N source. Our results suggest that ZmPTR1 plays a role in the transport into the embryo of the small peptides produced during enzymatic hydrolysis of the storage proteins in the endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedia Tnani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Tsikou D, Kalloniati C, Fotelli MN, Nikolopoulos D, Katinakis P, Udvardi MK, Rennenberg H, Flemetakis E. Cessation of photosynthesis in Lotus japonicus leaves leads to reprogramming of nodule metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1317-32. [PMID: 23404899 PMCID: PMC3598425 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) involves global changes in gene expression and metabolite accumulation in both rhizobia and the host plant. In order to study the metabolic changes mediated by leaf-root interaction, photosynthesis was limited in leaves by exposure of plants to darkness, and subsequently gene expression was profiled by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and metabolite levels by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the nodules of the model legume Lotus japonicus. Photosynthetic carbon deficiency caused by prolonged darkness affected many metabolic processes in L. japonicus nodules. Most of the metabolic genes analysed were down-regulated during the extended dark period. In addition to that, the levels of most metabolites decreased or remained unaltered, although accumulation of amino acids was observed. Reduced glycolysis and carbon fixation resulted in lower organic acid levels, especially of malate, the primary source of carbon for bacteroid metabolism and SNF. The high amino acid concentrations together with a reduction in total protein concentration indicate possible protein degradation in nodules under these conditions. Interestingly, comparisons between amino acid and protein content in various organs indicated systemic changes in response to prolonged darkness between nodulated and non-nodulated plants, rendering the nodule a source organ for both C and N under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tsikou
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Mariangela N. Fotelli
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Nikolopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katinakis
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael K. Udvardi
- The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, 2510 Sam Noble Pky, Ardmore, OK 7340, USA
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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39
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Salehin M, Huang YS, Bagchi R, Sherrier DJ, Dickstein R. Allelic differences in Medicago truncatula NIP/LATD mutants correlate with their encoded proteins' transport activities in planta. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e22813. [PMID: 23154505 PMCID: PMC3656982 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula NIP/LATD gene, required for symbiotic nitrogen fixing nodule and root architecture development, encodes a member of the NRT1(PTR) family that demonstrates high-affinity nitrate transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Of three Mtnip/latd mutant proteins, one retains high-affinity nitrate transport in oocytes, while the other two are nitrate-transport defective. To further examine the mutant proteins' transport properties, the missense Mtnip/latd alleles were expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana chl1-5, resistant to the herbicide chlorate because of a deletion spanning the nitrate transporter AtNRT1.1(CHL1) gene. Mtnip-3 expression restored chlorate sensitivity in the Atchl1-5 mutant, similar to wild type MtNIP/LATD, while Mtnip-1 expression did not. The high-affinity nitrate transporter AtNRT2.1 gene was expressed in Mtnip-1 mutant roots; it did not complement, which could be caused by several factors. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that MtNIP/LATD may have another biochemical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehin
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton, TX USA
| | - Ying-Sheng Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton, TX USA
| | - Rammyani Bagchi
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton, TX USA
| | - D. Janine Sherrier
- Department of Plant and Soil Science; Delaware Biotechnology Institute; Newark, DE USA
| | - Rebecca Dickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of North Texas; Denton, TX USA
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40
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Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in legume root nodules injects approximately 40 million tonnes of nitrogen into agricultural systems each year. In exchange for reduced nitrogen from the bacteria, the plant provides rhizobia with reduced carbon and all the essential nutrients required for bacterial metabolism. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation requires exquisite integration of plant and bacterial metabolism. Central to this integration are transporters of both the plant and the rhizobia, which transfer elements and compounds across various plant membranes and the two bacterial membranes. Here we review current knowledge of legume and rhizobial transport and metabolism as they relate to symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Although all legume-rhizobia symbioses have many metabolic features in common, there are also interesting differences between them, which show that evolution has solved metabolic problems in different ways to achieve effective symbiosis in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Udvardi
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA.
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41
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Łotocka B, Kopcińska J, Skalniak M. Review article: The meristem in indeterminate root nodules of Faboideae. Symbiosis 2012; 58:63-72. [PMID: 23482442 PMCID: PMC3589660 DOI: 10.1007/s13199-013-0225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the anatomy of indeterminate legume root nodule is briefly summarized. Next, the indeterminate nodule meristem activity, organization and cell ultrastructure are described in species with a distinct nodule meristem zonation. Finally, the putative primary endogenous factors controlling nodule meristem maintenance are discussed in the context of the well-studied root apical meristem (RAM) of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Łotocka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kopcińska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Skalniak
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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42
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Pawlowski K, Demchenko KN. The diversity of actinorhizal symbiosis. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:967-79. [PMID: 22398987 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous aerobic soil actinobacteria of the genus Frankia can induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of a diverse group of plants from eight dicotyledonous families, collectively called actinorhizal plants. Within nodules, Frankia can fix nitrogen while being hosted inside plant cells. Like in legume/rhizobia symbioses, bacteria can enter the plant root either intracellularly through an infection thread formed in a curled root hair, or intercellularly without root hair involvement, and the entry mechanism is determined by the host plant species. Nodule primordium formation is induced in the root pericycle as for lateral root primordia. Mature actinorhizal nodules are coralloid structures consisting of multiple lobes, each of which represents a modified lateral root without a root cap, a superficial periderm and with infected cells in the expanded cortex. In this review, an overview of nodule induction mechanisms and nodule structure is presented including comparisons with the corresponding mechanisms in legume symbioses.
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43
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Bagchi R, Salehin M, Adeyemo OS, Salazar C, Shulaev V, Sherrier DJ, Dickstein R. Functional assessment of the Medicago truncatula NIP/LATD protein demonstrates that it is a high-affinity nitrate transporter. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:906-16. [PMID: 22858636 PMCID: PMC3461564 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.196444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Medicago truncatula NIP/LATD (for Numerous Infections and Polyphenolics/Lateral root-organ Defective) gene encodes a protein found in a clade of nitrate transporters within the large NRT1(PTR) family that also encodes transporters of dipeptides and tripeptides, dicarboxylates, auxin, and abscisic acid. Of the NRT1(PTR) members known to transport nitrate, most are low-affinity transporters. Here, we show that M. truncatula nip/latd mutants are more defective in their lateral root responses to nitrate provided at low (250 μm) concentrations than at higher (5 mm) concentrations; however, nitrate uptake experiments showed no discernible differences in uptake in the mutants. Heterologous expression experiments showed that MtNIP/LATD encodes a nitrate transporter: expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes conferred upon the oocytes the ability to take up nitrate from the medium with high affinity, and expression of MtNIP/LATD in an Arabidopsis chl1(nrt1.1) mutant rescued the chlorate susceptibility phenotype. X. laevis oocytes expressing mutant Mtnip-1 and Mtlatd were unable to take up nitrate from the medium, but oocytes expressing the less severe Mtnip-3 allele were proficient in nitrate transport. M. truncatula nip/latd mutants have pleiotropic defects in nodulation and root architecture. Expression of the Arabidopsis NRT1.1 gene in mutant Mtnip-1 roots partially rescued Mtnip-1 for root architecture defects but not for nodulation defects. This suggests that the spectrum of activities inherent in AtNRT1.1 is different from that possessed by MtNIP/LATD, but it could also reflect stability differences of each protein in M. truncatula. Collectively, the data show that MtNIP/LATD is a high-affinity nitrate transporter and suggest that it could have another function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O. Sarah Adeyemo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.B., M.S., O.S.A., C.S., V.S., R.D.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (D.J.S.)
| | - Carolina Salazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.B., M.S., O.S.A., C.S., V.S., R.D.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (D.J.S.)
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.B., M.S., O.S.A., C.S., V.S., R.D.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (D.J.S.)
| | - D. Janine Sherrier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.B., M.S., O.S.A., C.S., V.S., R.D.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (D.J.S.)
| | - Rebecca Dickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (R.B., M.S., O.S.A., C.S., V.S., R.D.); Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 (D.J.S.)
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44
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Criscuolo G, Valkov VT, Parlati A, Alves LM, Chiurazzi M. Molecular characterization of the Lotus japonicus NRT1(PTR) and NRT2 families. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1567-81. [PMID: 22458810 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is an essential element for plant growth, both as a primary nutrient in the nitrogen assimilation pathway and as an important signal for plant development. Low- and high-affinity transport systems are involved in the nitrate uptake from the soil and its distribution between different plant tissues. By an in silico search, we identified putative members of both systems in the model legume Lotus japonicus. We investigated, by a time course analysis, the transcripts abundance in root tissues of nine and four genes encoding putative low-affinity (NRT1) and high-affinity (NRT2) nitrate transporters, respectively. The genes were sub-classified as inducible, repressible and constitutive on the basis of their responses to provision of nitrate, auxin or cytokinin. Furthermore, the analysis of the pattern of expression in root and nodule tissues after Mesorhizobium loti inoculation permitted the identification of sequences significantly regulated during the symbiotic interaction. The interpretation of the global regulative networks obtained allowed to postulate roles for nitrate transporters as possible actors in the cross-talks between different signalling pathways triggered by biotic and abiotic factors.
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MESH Headings
- Anion Transport Proteins/genetics
- Anion Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Cytokinins/pharmacology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Indoleacetic Acids/pharmacology
- Lotus/drug effects
- Lotus/genetics
- Lotus/microbiology
- Mesorhizobium/drug effects
- Mesorhizobium/physiology
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Nitrate Transporters
- Nitrates/pharmacology
- Phylogeny
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Root Nodules, Plant/cytology
- Root Nodules, Plant/drug effects
- Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Criscuolo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati Traverso, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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45
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Seabra AR, Pereira PA, Becker JD, Carvalho HG. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase by phosphinothricin leads to transcriptome reprograming in root nodules of Medicago truncatula. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:976-92. [PMID: 22414438 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-11-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a vital enzyme for the assimilation of ammonia into amino acids in higher plants. In legumes, GS plays a crucial role in the assimilation of the ammonium released by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules, constituting an important metabolic knob controlling the nitrogen (N) assimilatory pathways. To identify new regulators of nodule metabolism, we profiled the transcriptome of Medicago truncatula nodules impaired in N assimilation by specifically inhibiting GS activity using phosphinothricin (PPT). Global transcript expression of nodules collected before and after PPT addition (4, 8, and 24 h) was assessed using Affymetrix M. truncatula GeneChip arrays. Hundreds of genes were regulated at the three time points, illustrating the dramatic alterations in cell metabolism that are imposed on the nodules upon GS inhibition. The data indicate that GS inhibition triggers a fast plant defense response, induces premature nodule senescence, and promotes loss of root nodule identity. Consecutive metabolic changes were identified at the three time points analyzed. The results point to a fast repression of asparagine synthesis and of the glycolytic pathway and to the synthesis of glutamate via reactions alternative to the GS/GOGAT cycle. Several genes potentially involved in the molecular surveillance for internal organic N availability are identified and a number of transporters potentially important for nodule functioning are pinpointed. The data provided by this study contributes to the mapping of regulatory and metabolic networks involved in root nodule functioning and highlight candidate modulators for functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Seabra
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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46
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Weichert A, Brinkmann C, Komarova NY, Dietrich D, Thor K, Meier S, Suter Grotemeyer M, Rentsch D. AtPTR4 and AtPTR6 are differentially expressed, tonoplast-localized members of the peptide transporter/nitrate transporter 1 (PTR/NRT1) family. PLANTA 2012; 235:311-323. [PMID: 21904872 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Members of the peptide transporter/nitrate transporter 1 (PTR/NRT1) family in plants transport a variety of substrates like nitrate, di- and tripepetides, auxin and carboxylates. We isolated two members of this family from Arabidopsis, AtPTR4 and AtPTR6, which are highly homologous to the characterized di- and tripeptide transporters AtPTR1, AtPTR2 and AtPTR5. All known substrates of members of the PTR/NRT1 family were tested using heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants and oocytes of Xenopus laevis, but none could be identified as substrate of AtPTR4 or AtPTR6. AtPTR4 and AtPTR6 show distinct expression patterns, while AtPTR4 is expressed in the vasculature of the plants, AtPTR6 is highly expressed in pollen and during senescence. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that AtPTR2, 4 and 6 belong to one clade of subgoup II, whereas AtPTR1 and 5 are found in a second clade. Like AtPTR2, AtPTR4-GFP and AtPTR6-GFP fusion proteins are localized at the tonoplast. Vacuolar localization was corroborated by co-localization of AtPTR2-YFP with the tonoplast marker protein GFP-AtTIP2;1 and AtTIP1;1-GFP. This indicates that the two clades reflect different intracellular localization at the tonoplast (AtPTR2, 4, 6) and plasma membrane (AtPTR1, 5), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Weichert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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47
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Gaude N, Bortfeld S, Duensing N, Lohse M, Krajinski F. Arbuscule-containing and non-colonized cortical cells of mycorrhizal roots undergo extensive and specific reprogramming during arbuscular mycorrhizal development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 69:510-28. [PMID: 21978245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Most vascular plants form a mutualistic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, known as AM symbiosis. The development of AM symbiosis is an asynchronous process, and mycorrhizal roots therefore typically contain several symbiotic structures and various cell types. Hence, the use of whole-plant organs for downstream analyses can mask cell-specific variations in gene expression. To obtain insight into cell-specific reprogramming during AM symbiosis, comparative analyses of various cell types were performed using laser capture microdissection combined with microarray hybridization. Remarkably, the most prominent transcriptome changes were observed in non-arbuscule-containing cells of mycorrhizal roots, indicating a drastic reprogramming of these cells during root colonization that may be related to subsequent fungal colonization. A high proportion of transcripts regulated in arbuscule-containing cells and non-arbuscule-containing cells encode proteins involved in transport processes, transcriptional regulation and lipid metabolism, indicating that reprogramming of these processes is of particular importance for AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gaude
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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48
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Abstract
Plant anion channels allow the efflux of anions from cells. They are involved in turgor pressure control, changes in membrane potential, organic acid excretion, tolerance to salinity and inorganic anion nutrition. The recent molecular identification of anion channel genes in guard cells and in roots allows a better understanding of their function and of the mechanisms that control their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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49
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Hocher V, Alloisio N, Auguy F, Fournier P, Doumas P, Pujic P, Gherbi H, Queiroux C, Da Silva C, Wincker P, Normand P, Bogusz D. Transcriptomics of actinorhizal symbioses reveals homologs of the whole common symbiotic signaling cascade. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:700-11. [PMID: 21464474 PMCID: PMC3177269 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.174151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Comparative transcriptomics of two actinorhizal symbiotic plants, Casuarina glauca and Alnus glutinosa, was used to gain insight into their symbiotic programs triggered following contact with the nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium Frankia. Approximately 14,000 unigenes were recovered in roots and 3-week-old nodules of each of the two species. A transcriptomic array was designed to monitor changes in expression levels between roots and nodules, enabling the identification of up- and down-regulated genes as well as root- and nodule-specific genes. The expression levels of several genes emblematic of symbiosis were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. As expected, several genes related to carbon and nitrogen exchange, defense against pathogens, or stress resistance were strongly regulated. Furthermore, homolog genes of the common and nodule-specific signaling pathways known in legumes were identified in the two actinorhizal symbiotic plants. The conservation of the host plant signaling pathway is all the more surprising in light of the lack of canonical nod genes in the genomes of its bacterial symbiont, Frankia. The evolutionary pattern emerging from these studies reinforces the hypothesis of a common genetic ancestor of the Fabid (Eurosid I) nodulating clade with a genetic predisposition for nodulation.
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50
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Wang YY, Tsay YF. Arabidopsis nitrate transporter NRT1.9 is important in phloem nitrate transport. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:1945-57. [PMID: 21571952 PMCID: PMC3123939 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.083618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study of the Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate transporter NRT1.9 reveals an important function for a NRT1 family member in phloem nitrate transport. Functional analysis in Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that NRT1.9 is a low-affinity nitrate transporter. Green fluorescent protein and β-glucuronidase reporter analyses indicated that NRT1.9 is a plasma membrane transporter expressed in the companion cells of root phloem. In nrt1.9 mutants, nitrate content in root phloem exudates was decreased, and downward nitrate transport was reduced, suggesting that NRT1.9 may facilitate loading of nitrate into the root phloem and enhance downward nitrate transport in roots. Under high nitrate conditions, the nrt1.9 mutant showed enhanced root-to-shoot nitrate transport and plant growth. We conclude that phloem nitrate transport is facilitated by expression of NRT1.9 in root companion cells. In addition, enhanced root-to-shoot xylem transport of nitrate in nrt1.9 mutants points to a negative correlation between xylem and phloem nitrate transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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