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Sohouli MH, Tavakoli S, Reis MG, Hekmatdoost A, Guimarães NS. Changes in glucose metabolism, C-reactive protein, and liver enzymes following intake of NAD + precursor supplementation: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:35. [PMID: 38915015 PMCID: PMC11195006 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are contradictory effects regarding the effect of NAD + precursor on glucose metabolism and liver enzymes. In order to obtain a better viewpoint from them, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of NAD + precursor supplementation on glucose metabolism, C-reactive protein (CRP), and liver enzymes. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Embase databases were searched using standard keywords to identify all controlled trials investigating the glucose metabolism, CRP, and liver enzymes effects of NAD + precursor. Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were achieved by random-effects model analysis for the best estimation of outcomes. RESULTS Forty-five articles with 9256 participants' were included in this article. The pooled findings showed that NAD + precursor supplementation had a significant increase in glucose (WMD: 2.17 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.68, 3.66, P = 0.004) and HbA1c (WMD: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.16, P < 0.001) as well as a significant decrease in CRP (WMD: -0.93 mg/l, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.40, P < 0.001) compared with control group, and was not statistically significant with respect to insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). However, we found no systemic changes in aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels after NAD + precursor supplementation. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the intake of NAD + precursor during the intervention of more than 12 weeks caused a greater increase in the glucose level. Furthermore, Nicotinic acid supplementation (NA) causes a greater increase in glucose and HbA1c levels than nicotinamide (NE) supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings suggest that NAD + precursor supplementation might have an increase effect on glucose metabolism as well as a decrease in CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sogand Tavakoli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcela Gomes Reis
- Health Science at Faculdade, Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
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Dubey P, Reddy S, Sharma K, Johnson S, Hardy G, Dwivedi AK. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:483-495. [PMID: 38568339 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It has been associated with metabolic, reproductive, and psychiatric disorders. Despite its association with insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, the association between PCOS and CVD outcomes has been conflicting. This review reports the updated evidence between PCOS, insulin resistance, and CVD events. RECENT FINDINGS IR is highly prevalent occurring in 50 to 95% of general and obese PCOS women. The etiology of PCOS involves IR and hyperandrogenism, which lead to CVD risk factors, subclinical CVD, and CVD outcomes. Multiple studies including meta-analysis confirmed a strong association between PCOS and CVD events including ischemic heart disease, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes, particularly among premenopausal women, and these associations were mediated by metabolic abnormalities. PCOS is highly familial and has substantial CVD risk and transgenerational effects regardless of obesity. A personalized approach to the CVD risk assessment and management of symptom manifestations should be conducted according to its phenotypes. Lifestyle modifications and reduction in environmental stressors should be encouraged for CVD prevention among PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Dubey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA.
| | - Sireesha Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Kunal Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Sarah Johnson
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Ghislain Hardy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Alok Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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Bian C, Ji S, Xue R, Zhou L, Sun J, Ji H. Molecular cloning and characterization of BNIP3 and NIX1/2 and their role in DHA-induced mitophagy and apoptosis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) adipocytes. Gene 2024; 899:148140. [PMID: 38185291 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and BNIP3 like (BNIP3L or NIX) play a vital role in regulating mitophagy and the intrinsic apoptosis in mammals, but their gene characterizations remain unclear in fish. Herein, bnip3, nix1 and nix2 were isolated and characterized from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), which encode peptides of 194, 233 and 222 amino acids, respectively. As typical BH3-only proteins, grass carp BNIP3, NIX1 and NIX2 proteins contain BH3 and C-terminal transmembrane domains for inducing apoptosis. Moreover, the LC3-interacting region motif of BNIP3, NIX1 and NIX2 is also conserved in grass carp. Phylogenetic analyses also demonstrated that nix1 and nix2 may have originated from the genome duplication event. Expression pattern analysis indicated that bnip3, nix1 and nix2 were highest expressed in brain, followed by eye (bnip3) and liver (nix1 and nix2). BNIP3, NIX1 and NIX2 localized to the nucleus and the cytoplasm, with a predominant localization to mitochondria within the cytoplasm. In the present study, we found that 200 μM DHA impaired the mitochondrial function, manifested as the decreased antioxidant ability, cellular ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential in grass carp adipocytes. In addition, the gene expression and enzyme activities of caspase family were significantly increased in 200 μM DHA group, indicating that adipocyte apoptosis was induced. Meanwhile, DHA increased the gene expression of bnip3, nix1 and nix2 in a dose-dependent manner in grass carp adipocytes. The colocalization of mitochondria and lysosomes was promoted by 200 μM DHA treatment, implying that BNIP3/NIX-related mitophagy was activated in adipocytes. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that BNIP3/NIX-related mitophagy may be involved in the adipocyte apoptosis induced by DHA in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shanghong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rongrong Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Wang L, Valencak TG, Shan T. Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle: Influential triggers and regulatory mechanism. iScience 2024; 27:109221. [PMID: 38433917 PMCID: PMC10907799 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle (also known as myosteatosis) is now recognized as a distinct disease from sarcopenia and is directly related to declining muscle capacity. Hence, understanding the origins and regulatory mechanisms of fat infiltration is vital for maintaining skeletal muscle development and improving human health. In this article, we summarized the triggering factors such as aging, metabolic diseases and metabolic syndromes, nonmetabolic diseases, and muscle injury that all induce fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. We discussed recent advances on the cellular origins of fat infiltration and found several cell types including myogenic cells and non-myogenic cells that contribute to myosteatosis. Furthermore, we reviewed the molecular regulatory mechanism, detection methods, and intervention strategies of fat infiltration in skeletal muscle. Based on the current findings, our review will provide new insight into regulating function and lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle and treating muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Slusher AL, Nouws J, Tokoglu F, Vash-Margita A, Matthews MD, Fitch M, Shankaran M, Hellerstein MK, Caprio S. Altered extracellular matrix dynamics is associated with insulin resistance in adolescent children with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:593-602. [PMID: 38410080 PMCID: PMC11034857 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that abdominal and gluteal adipocyte turnover, lipid dynamics, and fibrogenesis are dysregulated among insulin-resistant (IR) compared with insulin-sensitive (IS) adolescents with obesity. METHODS Seven IS and seven IR adolescents with obesity participated in a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test and a multi-section magnetic resonance imaging scan of the abdominal region to examine body fat distribution patterns and liver fat content. An 8-week 70% deuterated water (2 H2 O) labeling protocol examined adipocyte turnover, lipid dynamics, and fibrogenesis in vivo from biopsied abdominal and gluteal fat. RESULTS Abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) turnover rates of lipid components were similar among IS and IR adolescents with obesity. However, the insoluble collagen (type I, subunit α2) isoform measured from abdominal, but not gluteal, SAT was elevated in IR compared with IS individuals. In addition, abdominal insoluble collagen Iα2 was associated with ratios of visceral-to-total (visceral adipose tissue + SAT) abdominal fat and whole-body and adipose tissue insulin signaling, and it trended toward a positive association with liver fat content. CONCLUSIONS Altered extracellular matrix dynamics, but not expandability, potentially decreases abdominal SAT lipid storage capacity, contributing to the pathophysiological pathways linking adipose tissue and whole-body IR with altered ectopic storage of lipids within the liver among IR adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Slusher
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jessica Nouws
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Fuyuze Tokoglu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alla Vash-Margita
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marcy D Matthews
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mark Fitch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mahalakshmi Shankaran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Kim MA, Kim SM, Lee HS. Oral/taste sensitivity to non-esterified long-chain fatty acids with varying degrees of unsaturation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:599-606. [PMID: 38274177 PMCID: PMC10805736 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding human oral/taste sensitivity to long-chain non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) with varying physicochemical properties is essential to reducing the intake of fats and altering the intake composition. This study investigated the differences in human taste sensitivity to two NEFA: oleic acid and linoleic acid. Twenty-four female subjects were divided into two equal sensitivity groups, and they performed discrimination tests for both fatty acids against bottled water using either the triangle or the DR A-Not A test. To achieve an accurate measurement of NEFA sensitivity, the stimulus was carefully prepared, avoiding additives that could interfere with the binding of fatty acids to receptors. Stimuli concentrations were selected to be within the lowest range (9.9 to 177.3 μM) evaluated in previous research. Through a systematic stimulus control process, this study confirmed that greater sensitivity was exhibited to linoleic acid than oleic acid, resulting in better discrimination than previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-A Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 South Korea
| | - Sun-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 South Korea
| | - Hye-Seong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 South Korea
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Bergamo ETP, de Oliveira PGFP, Campos TMB, Bonfante EA, Tovar N, Boczar D, Nayak VV, Coelho PG, Witek L. Osseointegration of implant surfaces in metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35382. [PMID: 38355936 PMCID: PMC10883641 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This in vivo study evaluated the bone healing response around endosteal implants with varying surface topography/chemistry in a preclinical, large transitional model induced with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fifteen Göttingen minipigs were randomly distributed into two groups: (i) control (normal diet, n = 5) and (ii) O/MS (cafeteria diet for obesity induction, n = 10). Following obesity induction, five minipigs from the obese/metabolic syndrome (O/MS) group were further allocated, randomly, into the third experimental group: (iii) T2DM (cafeteria diet + streptozotocin). Implants with different surface topography/chemistry: (i) dual acid-etched (DAE) and (ii) nano-hydroxyapatite coating over the DAE surface (NANO), were placed into the right ilium of the subjects and allowed to heal for 4 weeks. Histomorphometric evaluation of bone-to-implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (%BAFO) within implant threads were performed using histomicrographs. Implants with NANO surface presented significantly higher %BIC (~26%) and %BAFO (~35%) relative to implants with DAE surface (%BIC = ~14% and %BAFO = ~28%, p < .025). Data as a function of systemic condition presented significantly higher %BIC (~28%) and %BAFO (~42%) in the control group compared with the metabolically compromised groups (O/MS: %BIC = 14.35% and %BAFO = 26.24%, p < .021; T2DM: %BIC = 17.91% and %BAFO = 26.12%, p < .021) with no significant difference between O/MS and T2DM (p > .05). Statistical evaluation considering both factors demonstrated significantly higher %BIC and %BAFO for the NANO surface relative to DAE implant, independent of systemic condition (p < .05). The gain increase of %BIC and %BAFO for the NANO compared with DAE was more pronounced in O/MS and T2DM subjects. Osseointegration parameters were significantly reduced in metabolically compromised subjects compared with healthy subjects. Nanostructured hydroxyapatite-coated surfaces improved osseointegration relative to DAE, regardless of systemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmara T P Bergamo
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula G F P de Oliveira
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
- CESUPA, Department of Periodontology, University Center of State of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Tiago M B Campos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nick Tovar
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center and Bellevue, Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Boczar
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Xu W, Lai S, Zhao J, Wei S, Fang X, Liu Y, Rong X, Guo J. The blockade of the TGF-β pathway alleviates abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism of lipodystrophy not obesity. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1160. [PMID: 38174807 PMCID: PMC10765454 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is thought to be involved in the physiological functions of early organ development and pathological changes in substantial organ fibrosis, while studies around adipose tissue function and systemic disorders of glucolipid metabolism are still scarce. In this investigation, two animal models, aP2-SREBP-1c mice and ob/ob mice, were used. TGF-β pathway showed up-regulated in the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of the two models. SB431542, a TGF-β inhibitor, successfully increased inguinal white adipocyte size by more than 1.5 times and decreased the weight of Peripheral organs including liver, Spleen and Kidney to 73.05%/62.18%/73.23% of pre-administration weights. The iWAT showed elevated expression of GLUTs and lipases, followed by a recovery of circulation GLU, TG, NEFA, and GLYCEROL to the wild-type levels in aP2-SREBP-1c mice. In contrast, TGF-β inhibition did not have similar effects on that of ob/ob mice. In vitro, TGF-β blocker treated mature adipocytes had considerably higher levels of glycerol and triglycerides than the control group, whereas GLUTs and lipases expression levels were unchanged. These findings show that inhibiting the abnormally upregulated TGF-β pathway will only restore iWAT expansion and ameliorate the global metabolic malfunction of glucose and lipids in lipodystrophy, not obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Dong Xu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shui‐Zheng Lai
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia Zhao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Jie Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xue‐Ying Fang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi‐Yi Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiang‐Lu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Ye RZ, Montastier E, Frisch F, Noll C, Allard-Chamard H, Gévry N, Tchernof A, Carpentier AC. Adipocyte hypertrophy associates with in vivo postprandial fatty acid metabolism and adipose single-cell transcriptional dynamics. iScience 2024; 27:108692. [PMID: 38226167 PMCID: PMC10788217 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with metabolic complications independent of obesity. We aimed to determine: 1) the association between adipocyte size and postprandial fatty acid metabolism; 2) the potential mechanisms driving the obesity-independent, hypertrophy-associated dysmetabolism in vivo and at a single-cell resolution. Tracers with positron emission tomography were used to measure fatty acid metabolism in 40 men and women with normal or impaired glucose tolerance (NCT02808182), and single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to determine transcriptional dynamics of subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) between individuals with AT hypertrophy vs. hyperplasia matched for sex, ethnicity, glucose-tolerance status, BMI, total and percent body fat, and waist circumference. Adipocyte size was associated with high postprandial total cardiac fatty acid uptake and higher visceral AT dietary fatty acid uptake, but lower lean tissue dietary fatty acid uptake. We found major shifts in cell transcriptomal dynamics with AT hypertrophy that were consistent with in vivo metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhou Ye
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Emilie Montastier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - André C. Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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10
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Thomas NS, Scalzo RL, Wellberg EA. Diabetes mellitus in breast cancer survivors: metabolic effects of endocrine therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:16-26. [PMID: 37783846 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive malignancy in the world, with millions of survivors living today. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is also a globally prevalent disease that is a widely studied risk factor for breast cancer. Most breast tumours express the oestrogen receptor and are treated with systemic therapies designed to disrupt oestrogen-dependent signalling. Since the advent of targeted endocrine therapy six decades ago, the mortality from breast cancer has steadily declined; however, during the past decade, an elevated risk of T2DM after breast cancer treatment has been reported, particularly for those who received endocrine therapy. In this Review, we highlight key events in the history of endocrine therapies, beginning with the development of tamoxifen. We also summarize the sequence of reported adverse metabolic effects, which include dyslipidaemia, hepatic steatosis and impaired glucose tolerance. We discuss the limitations of determining a causal role for breast cancer treatments in T2DM development from epidemiological data and describe informative preclinical studies that suggest complex mechanisms through which endocrine therapy might drive T2DM risk and progression. We also reinforce the life-saving benefits of endocrine therapy and highlight the need for better predictive biomarkers of T2DM risk and preventive strategies for the growing population of breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha S Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rebecca L Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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11
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Vega-Martín E, González-Moreno D, Sanz-Gómez M, Guzmán-Aguayo AK, Manzano-Lista FJ, Schulz A, Aránguez I, Kreutz R, Fernández-Alfonso MS. Upregulation in Inflammation and Collagen Expression in Perirenal but Not in Mesenteric Adipose Tissue from Diabetic Munich Wistar Frömter Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17008. [PMID: 38069331 PMCID: PMC10706928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) surrounding the kidney is emerging as a player and novel independent risk factor in diabetic kidney disease (DKD); DKD is a complication of diabetes and is a major cause of increased cardiovascular (CV) risk and CV mortality in affected patients. We determined the effect of diabetes induction on (i) kidney and CV damage and (ii) on the expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors in both the PRAT and the mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) of Munich Wistar Frömter (MWF) rats. The 16-week-old male MWF rats (n = 10 rats/group) were fed standard chow (MWF-C) or a high-fat/high-sucrose diet for 6 weeks together with low-dose streptozotocin (15 mg/kg i.p.) at the start of dietary exposure (MWF-D). Phenotyping was performed at the end of treatment through determining water intake, urine excretion, and oral glucose tolerance; use of the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) evidenced the development of overt diabetes manifestation in MWF-D rats. The kidney damage markers Kim-1 and Ngal were significantly higher in MWF-D rats, as were the amounts of PRAT and MAT. A diabetes-induced upregulation in IL-1, IL-6, Tnf-α, and Tgf-β was observed in both the PRAT and the MAT. Col1A1 was increased in the PRAT but not in the MAT of MWF-D, whereas IL-10 was lower and higher in the PRAT and the MAT, respectively. Urinary albumin excretion and blood pressure were not further increased by diabetes induction, while heart weight was higher in the MWF-D. In conclusion, our results show a proinflammatory and profibrotic in vivo environment in PRAT induced by diabetes which might be associated with kidney damage progression in the MWF strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vega-Martín
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.K.G.-A.)
| | - Daniel González-Moreno
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.K.G.-A.)
| | - Marta Sanz-Gómez
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.K.G.-A.)
| | - Ana Karen Guzmán-Aguayo
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.K.G.-A.)
| | | | - Angela Schulz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Aránguez
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.K.G.-A.)
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - María S. Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.K.G.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Yildirim V, Sheraton VM, Brands R, Crielaard L, Quax R, van Riel NA, Stronks K, Nicolaou M, Sloot PM. A data-driven computational model for obesity-driven diabetes onset and remission through weight loss. iScience 2023; 26:108324. [PMID: 38026205 PMCID: PMC10665812 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), where a sustained weight loss may result in T2D remission in individuals with obesity. To design effective and feasible intervention strategies to prevent or reverse T2D, it is imperative to study the progression of T2D and remission together. Unfortunately, this is not possible through experimental and observational studies. To address this issue, we introduce a data-driven computational model and use human data to investigate the progression of T2D with obesity and remission through weight loss on the same timeline. We identify thresholds for the emergence of T2D and necessary conditions for remission. We explain why remission is only possible within a window of opportunity and the way that window depends on the progression history of T2D, individual's metabolic state, and calorie restrictions. These findings can help to optimize therapeutic intervention strategies for T2D prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vehpi Yildirim
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, 1012 GC Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vivek M. Sheraton
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, 1012 GC Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Computational Science Lab, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud Brands
- AMRIF B.V., Agro Business Park, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Loes Crielaard
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, 1012 GC Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Quax
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, 1012 GC Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Computational Science Lab, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natal A.W. van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, 1012 GC Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, 1012 GC Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M.A. Sloot
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, 1012 GC Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Computational Science Lab, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Kurian J, Mavathur Nanjundaiah R. Reinstating acute-phase insulin release among sedentary adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes with Yoga and Walking based lifestyle modification. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 36:300-306. [PMID: 37949576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the impact of 2 lifestyle modifying physical activities, yoga (YBLM) or walking (WBLM) on impaired beta cell function (IBF) or insulin resistance (IR) in restoring acute phase insulin release (APIR) among prediabetes at high risk for type 2 diabetes (HRDM). METHOD Male and female adults (N = 42, 38.1 ± 4.8 years) with abdominal obesity (Male:103 ± 8.1 cm) Female: 92 ± 11.1 cm), randomized into YBLM (n = 20) and WBLM (n = 22), were monitored for the practice of the intervention, 45 min a day/5 days a week for 12 weeks. Blood sample was collected at 0th minute to estimate the level of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Sr. Insulin and lipid profile and at 10th minute (APIR). IBF, IR and sensitivity (IS) reading were checked in HOMA-2 calculator. RESULT Wilcoxon sign rank t-test denoted an improved APIR among the subjects with IBF (p = 0.008) and not among the subjects with IR (p = 0.332). However, regression analysis yielded an improved APIR among subjects with IBF (F(1,10) = 7.816, p = 0.002) with the management of body weight and lipid profile and IR (F(1,13) = 17.003, p = 0.001) being found influenced with selected lipid components. In all, during the post assessment period, an impressive boost in APIR was manifested among people shifted to Normoglycemia (n = 14, 35.9%). CONCLUSION Intriguingly, we postulate the potential role of YBLM over WBLM in the management of lipid profile and body weight on accelerating APIR either through improved Beta cell compensation or by sensitizing skeletal muscles regulating IR, helping improve glucose tolerance resulting in either remission or management of prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintu Kurian
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Jigani, Bangalore, 560105, India.
| | - Ramesh Mavathur Nanjundaiah
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Jigani, Bangalore, 560105, India.
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14
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Bergamo ET, Witek L, Ramalho I, Lopes ACO, Vivekanand Nayak V, Bonfante EA, Tovar N, Torroni A, Coelho PG. Bone healing around implants placed in subjects with metabolically compromised systemic conditions. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1664-1671. [PMID: 37184298 PMCID: PMC10330391 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone healing of tight-fit implants placed in the maxilla and mandible of subjects compromised with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Eighteen Göttingen minipigs were randomly distributed into three groups: (i) control (normal diet), (ii) MS (cafeteria diet for obesity induction), (iii) T2DM (cafeteria diet for obesity induction + Streptozotocin for T2DM induction). Maxillary and mandibular premolars and molar were extracted. After 8 weeks of healing, implants with progressive small buttress threads were placed, and allowed to integrate for 6 weeks after which the implant/bone blocks were retrieved for histological processing. Qualitative and quantitative histomorphometric analyses (percentage of bone-to-implant contact, %BIC, and bone area fraction occupancy within implant threads, %BAFO) were performed. The bone healing process around the implant occurred predominantly through interfacial remodeling with subsequent bone apposition. Data as a function of systemic condition yielded significantly higher %BIC and %BAFO values for healthy and MS relative to T2DM. Data as a function of maxilla and mandible did not yield significant differences for either %BIC and %BAFO. When considering both factors, healthy and MS subjects had %BIC and %BAFO trend towards higher values in the mandible relative to maxilla, whereas T2DM yielded higher %BIC and %BAFO in the maxilla relative to mandible. All systemic conditions presented comparable levels of %BIC and %BAFO in the maxilla; healthy and MS presented significantly higher %BIC and %BAFO relative to T2DM in the mandible. T2DM presented lower amounts of bone formation around implants relative to MS and healthy. Implants placed in the maxilla and in the mandible showed comparable amounts of bone in proximity to implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmara T.P. Bergamo
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology NYU Dentistry, New York, NY USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology NYU Dentistry, New York, NY USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY USA
| | - Ilana Ramalho
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adolfo CO Lopes
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology NYU Dentistry, New York, NY USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY USA
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nick Tovar
- Biomaterials Division - Department of Molecular Pathobiology NYU Dentistry, New York, NY USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center and Bellevue, Hospital Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Andrea Torroni
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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15
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Brassea-Pérez E, Labrada-Martagón V, Hernández-Camacho CJ, Gaxiola-Robles R, Vázquez-Medina JP, Zenteno-Savín T. DEHP exposure impairs human skeletal muscle cell proliferation in primary culture conditions: preliminary study. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:335-348. [PMID: 37389127 PMCID: PMC10299991 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) inhibits differentiation, impairs glucose metabolism, and decreases mitochondrial function in murine muscle satellite cells; however, if these effects are translated to human cells is unknown. The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in morphology and proliferation of primary human skeletal muscle cells exposed to DEHP. Rectus abdominis muscle samples were obtained from healthy women undergoing programed cesarean surgery. Skeletal muscle cells were isolated and grown under standard primary culture conditions, generating two independent sample groups of 25 subcultures each. Cells from the first group were exposed to 1 mM DEHP for 13 days and monitored for changes in cell morphology, satellite cell frequency and total cell abundance, while the second group remained untreated (control). Differences between treated and untreated groups were compared using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Cell membrane and nuclear envelope boundary alterations, loss of cell volume and presence of stress bodies were observed in DEHP-treated cultures. DEHP-treated cultures also showed a significant reduction in satellite cell frequency compared to controls. Exposure to DEHP reduced human skeletal muscle cell abundance. Statistical differences were found between the GLMM slopes, suggesting that exposure to DEHP reduced growth rate. These results suggest that exposure to DEHP inhibits human skeletal muscle cell proliferation, as evidenced by reduced cell abundance, potentially compromising long-term culture viability. Therefore, DEHP induces human skeletal muscle cell deterioration potentially inducing an inhibitory effect of myogenesis by depleting satellite cells. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Brassea-Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C., Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur Mexico
| | - Vanessa Labrada-Martagón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Chapultepec #1570, Col. Privadas del Pedregal, 78295 San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosí Mexico
| | - Claudia J. Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, Baja California Sur 23096 La Paz, Mexico
| | - Ramón Gaxiola-Robles
- Hospital General de Zona No.1. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. 5 de Febrero y Héroes de la Independencia, Centro, 23000 La Paz, Baja California Sur Mexico
| | | | - Tania Zenteno-Savín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C., Planeación Ambiental y Conservación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur Mexico
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16
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Liang Y, Chen P, Chen S, Liu D, Jiang F, Zhu Z, Dong K, Wei L, Hou X. A greater ratio of thigh subcutaneous fat to abdominal fat is associated with protection against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100730. [PMID: 37425213 PMCID: PMC10326700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims No prospective studies have examined the association between thigh subcutaneous fat distribution and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the associations of thigh subcutaneous fat distribution with incidence and remission of NAFLD in a community-based prospective cohort. Methods We followed 1,787 subjects, who underwent abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal and femoral magnetic resonance imaging scans, and anthropometric assessments. Associations of thigh subcutaneous fat area/abdominal fat area ratio and thigh circumference/waist circumference ratio with incidence and remission of NAFLD were estimated using the modified Poisson regression model. Results Over a mean 3.6-year follow-up, 239 incident cases of NAFLD and 207 regressed cases of NAFLD were identified. Increasing thigh subcutaneous fat area/abdominal fat area ratio was associated with a lower risk of incident NAFLD and a higher likelihood of remission of NAFLD [risk ratio (RR) per SD: 0.69, 95% CI 0.59-0.81; 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.34, respectively). Each one SD increase in thigh circumference/waist circumference ratio was associated with a 16% lower risk of incident NAFLD (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76-0.94) and a 22% higher likelihood of remission of NAFLD (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11-1.34). Additionally, the effects of thigh subcutaneous fat area/abdominal fat area ratio on the incidence and remission of NAFLD were mediated through adiponectin (14.9% and 26.6%), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (9.5% and 23.9%), and triglyceride (7.5% and 19.1%). Conclusions These results demonstrated that a favourable fat distribution, characterised by a greater ratio of thigh subcutaneous fat to abdominal fat, had a protective role against NAFLD. Impact and implications The associations of thigh subcutaneous fat distribution with NAFLD incidence and remission have not been prospectively examined in a community-based cohort. Our findings suggest that greater thigh subcutaneous fat relative to a given amount of abdominal fat has a protective effect against NAFLD among the middle-aged and older Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peizhu Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Fusong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhu
- General Practitioner Teams in Community Health Service Center of Nicheng, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Keqing Dong
- General Practitioner Teams in Community Health Service Center of Nicheng, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
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17
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Guo Y, Liu M, Liu X, Zheng M, Xu X, Liu X, Gong J, Liu H, Liu J. Metagenomic and Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of the Effect of Sporisorium reilianum Polysaccharide on Improving Obesity. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081578. [PMID: 37107373 PMCID: PMC10137368 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathophysiology of obesity. Fungal polysaccharide can improve obesity, but the potential mechanism needs further study. This experiment studied the potential mechanism of polysaccharides from Sporisorium reilianum (SRP) to improve obesity in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) using metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics. After 8 weeks of SRP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) intervention, we analyzed the related index of obesity, gut microbiota, and untargeted metabolomics of rats. The obesity and serum lipid levels of rats treated with SRP were reduced, and lipid accumulation in the liver and adipocyte hypertrophy was improved, especially in rats treated with a high dose of SRP. SRP improved the composition and function of gut microbiota in rats fed with a high-fat diet, and decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides at the phylum level. At the genus level, the abundance of Lactobacillus increased and that of Bacteroides decreased. At the species level, the abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus increased, while the abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri and Staphylococcus xylosus decreased. The function of gut microbiota mainly regulated lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The untargeted metabolomics indicated that 36 metabolites were related to the anti-obesity effect of SRP. Furthermore, linoleic acid metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and the phenylalanine metabolism pathway played a role in improving obesity in those treated with SRP. The study results suggest that SRP significantly alleviated obesity via gut-microbiota-related metabolic pathways, and SRP could be used for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Meihong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiuying Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jiyu Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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18
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Son Y, Lorenz WW, Paton CM. Linoleic acid-induced ANGPTL4 inhibits C2C12 skeletal muscle differentiation by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109324. [PMID: 36963729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle differentiation is an essential process in embryonic development as well as regeneration and repair throughout the lifespan. It is well-known that dietary fat intake impacts biological and physiological function in skeletal muscle, however, understanding of the contribution of nutritional factors in skeletal muscle differentiation is limited. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) on skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro. We used C2C12 murine myoblasts and treated them with various FFAs, which revealed a unique response of angiopoietin-like protein-4 (ANGPTL4) with linoleic acid (LA) treatment that was associated with reduced differentiation. LA significantly inhibited myotube formation and lowered the protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors, including MyoD and MyoG and increased Pax7 during cell differentiation. Next, recombinant ANGPTL4 protein or siRNA knockdown of ANGPTL4 was employed to examine its role in skeletal muscle differentiation, and we confirmed that ANGPTL4 knockdown at day 2 and -6 of differentiation restored myotube formation in the presence of LA. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that ANGPTL4-mediated inhibition of skeletal muscle differentiation at day 2 as well as LA at day 2 or -6 led to a reduction in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. We confirmed that LA reduced Wnt11 and Axin2 while increasing expression of the Wnt inhibitor, Dkk2. ANGPTL4 knockdown increased β-catenin protein in the nucleus in response to LA and increased Axin2 and Wnt11 expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that LA induced ANGPTL4 inhibits C2C12 differentiation by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Son
- Department of Nutritional Sciences
| | - W Walter Lorenz
- Georgia Genomics and Bioinformatics Core and Institute of Bioinformatics
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Ardiles LG. Obesity and renal disease: Benefits of bariatric surgery. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1134644. [PMID: 36926320 PMCID: PMC10011092 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1134644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, a preventable and reversible condition with a high impact on health, continues to rise, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Severe overweight is well recognized as a risk factor for diabetes and hypertension, among other conditions, that may increase cardiovascular risk. Obesity has grown simultaneously with a rise in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease, and a pathophysiological link has been established, which explains its role in generating the conditions to facilitate the emergence and maximize the impact of the risk factors of chronic kidney disease and its progression to more advanced stages. Knowing the mechanisms involved and having different tools to reverse the overweight and its consequences, bariatric surgery has arisen as a useful and efficient method, complementary or alternative to others, such as lifestyle changes and/or pharmacotherapy. In a detailed review, the mechanisms involved in the renal consequences of obesity, the impact on risk factors, and the potential benefit of bariatric surgery at different stages of the disease and its progression are exposed and analyzed. Although the observational evidence supports the value of bariatric surgery as a renoprotective measure in individuals with obesity, diabetic or not, randomized studies are expected to establish evidence-based recommendations that demonstrate its positive risk-benefit balance as a complementary or alternative therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo G Ardiles
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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20
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Acute Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Energy Expenditure at Resting and during Uphill Walking in Healthy Young Men. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090781. [PMID: 36144186 PMCID: PMC9504893 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the different electrical frequencies of whole-body electrical stimulation (WB-EMS) on energy expenditure (EE) and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of different WB-EMS electrical frequencies on EE and the RER during supine resting and uphill walking. A total of 10 healthy and recreationally active men (21.6 ± 3.3 years old) participated in the present study. Participants completed two testing sessions in a randomized order. In each session, a variety of impulse frequencies (1 hertz (Hz), 2 Hz, 4 Hz, 6 Hz, 8 Hz, and 10 Hz) were applied in a randomized order, allowing a 10 min passive recovery between them. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured to calculate EE and the RER. All frequencies increased EE at rest (all p ≤ 0.001), with 4 Hz being the frequency producing the highest increase (Δ = 8.89 ± 1.49 kcal/min), as did 6 Hz (Δ = 8.05 ± 1.52 kcal/min) and 8 Hz (Δ = 7.04 ± 2.16 kcal/min). An increment in the RER at rest was observed with 4 Hz, 6 Hz, 8 Hz and 10 Hz (all p ≤ 0.016), but not with 1 Hz and 2 Hz (p ≥ 0.923). During uphill walking, the frequency that elicited the highest increase in EE was 6 Hz (Δ = 4.87 ± 0.84 kcal/min) compared to the unstimulated condition. None of the impulse frequencies altered the RER during uphill walking. WB-EMS increases EE in healthy young men both during resting and uphill walking.
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21
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Nedunchezhiyan U, Varughese I, Sun AR, Wu X, Crawford R, Prasadam I. Obesity, Inflammation, and Immune System in Osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907750. [PMID: 35860250 PMCID: PMC9289681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains the most important risk factor for the incidence and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The leading cause of OA was believed to be overloading the joints due to excess weight which in turn leads to the destruction of articular cartilage. However, recent studies have proved otherwise, various other factors like adipose deposition, insulin resistance, and especially the improper coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses may lead to the initiation and progression of obesity-associated OA. It is becoming increasingly evident that multiple inflammatory cells are recruited into the synovial joint that serves an important role in pathological changes in the synovial joint. Polarization of macrophages and macrophage-produced mediators are extensively studied and linked to the inflammatory and destructive responses in the OA synovium and cartilage. However, the role of other major innate immune cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of OA has not been fully evaluated. Although cells of the adaptive immune system contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced OA is still under exploration, a quantity of literature indicates OA synovium has an enriched population of T cells and B cells compared with healthy control. The interplay between a variety of immune cells and other cells that reside in the articular joints may constitute a vicious cycle, leading to pathological changes of the articular joint in obese individuals. This review addresses obesity and the role of all the immune cells that are involved in OA and summarised animal studies and human trials and knowledge gaps between the studies have been highlighted. The review also touches base on the interventions currently in clinical trials, different stages of the testing, and their shortcomings are also discussed to understand the future direction which could help in understanding the multifactorial aspects of OA where inflammation has a significant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhaya Nedunchezhiyan
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ibin Varughese
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antonia RuJia Sun
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ross Crawford
- Orthopedic Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Indira Prasadam,
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22
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Wang D, Zhang X, Li Y, Jia L, Zhai L, Wei W, Zhang L, Jiang H, Bai Y. Exercise-Induced Browning of White Adipose Tissue and Improving Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Obese/Non-obese Growing Mice: Do Not Neglect Exosomal miR-27a. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940673. [PMID: 35782940 PMCID: PMC9248804 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is considered as a favorable measure to prevent and treat childhood obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced beneficial effects and the difference between obese and non-obese individuals are largely unclear. Recently, miR-27a is recognized as a central upstream regulator of proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in contributing to various physiological and pathological processes. This study aims to explore the possible cause of exercise affecting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and reversing skeletal muscle insulin resistance in obese/non-obese immature bodies. For simulating the process of childhood obesity, juvenile mice were fed with a basal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) and took 1 or 2 h swimming exercise simultaneously for 10 weeks. The obese animal model was induced by the HFD. We found that exercise hindered HFD-induced body fat development in growing mice. Exercise modified glucolipid metabolism parameters differently in the obese/non-obese groups, and the changes of the 2 h exercise mice were not consistent with the 1 h exercise mice. The level of serum exosomal miR-27a in the non-exercise obese group was increased obviously, which was reduced in the exercise obese groups. Results from bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-27a targeted PPAR-γ. Exercise stimulated WAT browning; however, the response of obese WAT lagged behind normal WAT. In the HFD-fed mice, 2 h exercise activated the IRS-1/Akt/GLUT-4 signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles. In summary, our findings confirmed that exercise-induced beneficial effects are associated with exercise duration, and the response of obese and non-obese bodies is different. Exosomal miR-27a might be a crucial node for the process of exercise-induced browning of WAT and improving skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second People’s Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xihuan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Xinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibai Li
- The First Division of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglong Bai,
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23
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Mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen alleviates markers of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1866. [PMID: 35387987 PMCID: PMC8987092 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a major health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide. Limited efficacy of current therapies has prompted a search for novel therapeutic options. Here we show that treatment of pre-diabetic mice with mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen, a potential anti-cancer agent with senolytic activity, improves glucose tolerance and reduces body weight with most pronounced reduction of visceral adipose tissue due to reduced food intake, suppressed adipogenesis and elimination of senescent cells. Glucose-lowering effect of mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen is linked to improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related hormones profile and is accompanied by reduced lipid accumulation in liver. Lower senescent cell burden in various tissues, as well as its inhibitory effect on pre-adipocyte differentiation, results in lower level of circulating inflammatory mediators that typically enhance metabolic dysfunction. Targeting senescence with mitochodrially targeted tamoxifen thus represents an approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related comorbidities, promising a complex impact on senescence-related pathologies in aging population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with potential translation into the clinic. Senescent cells play a role in pathogenesis of diabetes, and senolytic agents can improve obesity- and diabetes-related pathologies. Here the authors report that mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen, a potential anti-cancer agent with senolytic activity, alleviates symptoms of obesity and prediabetes in mice, potentially via reduction of food intake and elimination of senescent cells.
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24
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Lustig RH, Collier D, Kassotis C, Roepke TA, Ji Kim M, Blanc E, Barouki R, Bansal A, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Choudhury M, Gilbertson M, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Howard S, Lind L, Tomlinson CR, Vondracek J, Heindel JJ. Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115012. [PMID: 35393120 PMCID: PMC9050949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is now greater than those underweight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and as such, many components contribute to its development and pathogenesis. This is the first of three companion reviews that consider obesity. This review focuses on the genetics, viruses, insulin resistance, inflammation, gut microbiome, and circadian rhythms that promote obesity, along with hormones, growth factors, and organs and tissues that control its development. It shows that the regulation of energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) relies on the interplay of a variety of hormones from adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and brain. It details how integrating central neurotransmitters and peripheral metabolic signals (e.g., leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY3-36) is essential for controlling energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. It describes the distinct types of adipocytes and how fat cell development is controlled by hormones and growth factors acting via a variety of receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, retinoid X, insulin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, liver X, constitutive androstane, pregnane X, farnesoid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Finally, it demonstrates that obesity likely has origins in utero. Understanding these biochemical drivers of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction throughout the life cycle lends plausibility and credence to the "obesogen hypothesis" (i.e., the importance of environmental chemicals that disrupt these receptors to promote adiposity or alter metabolism), elucidated more fully in the two companion reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Christopher Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Troy A Roepke
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, United States
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States.
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25
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Ahn C, Ryan BJ, Schleh MW, Varshney P, Ludzki AC, Gillen JB, Van Pelt DW, Pitchford LM, Howton SM, Rode T, Hummel SL, Burant CF, Little JP, Horowitz JF. Exercise training remodels subcutaneous adipose tissue in adults with obesity even without weight loss. J Physiol 2022; 600:2127-2146. [PMID: 35249225 PMCID: PMC9058215 DOI: 10.1113/jp282371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive adipose tissue mass underlies much of the metabolic health complications in obesity. Although exercise training is known to improve metabolic health in individuals with obesity, the effects of exercise training without weight loss on adipose tissue structure and metabolic function remain unclear. Thirty-six adults with obesity (body mass index = 33 ± 3 kg · m-2 ) were assigned to 12 weeks (4 days week-1 ) of either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 70% maximal heart rate, 45 min; n = 17) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 90% maximal heart rate, 10 × 1 min; n = 19), maintaining their body weight throughout. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) biopsy samples were collected once before and twice after training (1 day after last exercise and again 4 days later). Exercise training modified aSAT morphology (i.e. reduced fat cell size, increased collagen type 5a3, both P ≤ 0.05, increased capillary density, P = 0.05) and altered protein abundance of factors that regulate aSAT remodelling (i.e. reduced matrix metallopeptidase 9; P = 0.02; increased angiopoietin-2; P < 0.01). Exercise training also increased protein abundance of factors that regulate lipid metabolism (e.g. hormone sensitive lipase and fatty acid translocase; P ≤ 0.03) and key proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway when measured the day after the last exercise session. However, most of these exercise-mediated changes were no longer significant 4 days after exercise. Importantly, MICT and HIIT induced remarkably similar adaptations in aSAT. Collectively, even in the absence of weight loss, 12 weeks of exercise training induced changes in aSAT structure, as well as factors that regulate metabolism and the inflammatory signal pathway in adults with obesity. KEY POINTS: Exercise training is well-known to improve metabolic health in obesity, although how exercise modifies the structure and metabolic function of adipose tissue, in the absence of weight loss, remains unclear. We report that both 12 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) induced modifications in adipose tissue structure and factors that regulate adipose tissue remodelling, metabolism and the inflammatory signal pathway in adults with obesity, even without weight loss (with no meaningful differences between MICT and HIIT). The modest modifications in adipose tissue structure in response to 12 weeks of MICT or HIIT did not lead to changes in the rate of fatty acid release from adipose tissue. These results expand our understanding about the effects of two commonly used exercise training prescriptions (MICT and HIIT) on adipose tissue remodelling that may lead to advanced strategies for improving metabolic health outcomes in adults with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheehoon Ahn
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Benjamin J. Ryan
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Michael W. Schleh
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Pallavi Varshney
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Alison C. Ludzki
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Jenna B. Gillen
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 2C9 Canada
| | - Douglas W. Van Pelt
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Lisa M. Pitchford
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Suzette M. Howton
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Thomas Rode
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Scott L. Hummel
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Charles F. Burant
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109
| | - Jonathan P. Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus Kelowna British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Jeffrey F. Horowitz
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
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26
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Nagalievska MR, Petryn TS, Sybirna NO. Influence of High-Carbohydrate and High-Lipid Diet on the Enzymatic Link of Antioxidant Protection and the Level of Oxidatively Modified Proteins and Lipids in Rat Erythrocytes. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s009545272201008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Jayant SS, Gupta R, Rastogi A, Agrawal K, Sachdeva N, Ram S, Dutta P, Bhadada SK, Bhansali A. Abdominal obesity and incident cardio-metabolic disorders in Asian-Indians: A 10-years prospective cohort study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102418. [PMID: 35123378 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To estimate the strength of association between abdominal obesity and incident cardio-metabolic diseases. METHODS A subset of Chandigarh Urban Diabetes study cohort (n = 543) was followed after a mean of 10.7 years for development of diabetes, prediabetes, dysglycaemia (either prediabetes or diabetes), hypertension and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Diabetes and prediabetes were defined as per American Diabetes Association consulting group criteria, hypertension as blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg and ASCVD after review of medical records. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference of ≥80 cm and ≥90 cm in females and males, respectively. RESULTS As compared to non-obese (n = 209), abdominally obese individuals (n = 334) had a higher risk of diabetes [RR:1.82(1.28-2.57)], prediabetes [RR:1.40(1.05-1.85)], dysglycaemia [ RR:1.38(1.07-1.78)], hypertension [RR: 1.84(1.30-2.59)] and ASCVD [RR:2.12(1.02-4.4)]. The optimal cut-off of waist circumference for detecting incident diabetes, hypertension and ASCVD in females was 88 cm, 85 cm and 91 cm, respectively; while in males it was 90 cm, 87 cm and 94 cm, respectively. CONCLUSION In Asian-Indians, abdominal obesity as defined by waist circumference of ≥90 cm and ≥80 cm in males and females, respectively is associated with a twofold higher risk of diabetes, hypertension and ASCVD. In addition, the current-cut-offs of waist circumference to define abdominal obesity need reconsideration to optimally identify individuals at a higher risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. However, a high attrition rate represents a major limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Singh Jayant
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashu Rastogi
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Kanhaiya Agrawal
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sant Ram
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pinaki Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Feng J, Zhou Y, Liao L, Yu L, Yuan P, Zhang J. Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomics Reveal the Mechanism of GuaLouQuMaiWan in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Active Small Molecular Compound. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:2736504. [PMID: 36248223 PMCID: PMC9560855 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2736504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main pathophysiological abnormalities in type 2 diabetes (T2D) include pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Due to hyperglycemia, patients receive long-term treatment. However, side effects and drug tolerance usually lead to treatment failure. GuaLouQuMaiWan (GLQMW), a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has positive effects on controlling blood sugar and improving quality of life, but the mechanism is still unclear. To decipher their molecular mechanisms, we used a novel computational systems pharmacology-based approach consisting of bioinformatics analysis, network pharmacology, and drug similarity comparison. We divided the participants into nondisease (ND), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes groups according to the WHO's recommendations for diabetes. By analyzing the gene expression profile of the ND-IGT-T2D (ND to IGT to T2D) process, we found that the function of downregulated genes in the whole process was mainly related to insulin secretion, while the upregulated genes were related to inflammation. Furthermore, other genes in the ND-IGT (ND to IGT) process are mainly related to inflammation and lipid metabolic disorders. We speculate that 17 genes with a consistent trend may play a key role in the process of ND-IGT-T2D. We further performed target prediction for 50 compounds in GLQMW that met the screening criteria and intersected the differentially expressed genes of the T2D process with the compounds of GLQMW; a total of 18 proteins proved potential targets for GLQMW. Among these, RBP4 is considerably related to insulin resistance. GO/KEGG enrichment analyses of the target genes of GLQMW showed enrichment in inflammation- and T2D therapy-related pathways. Based on the RDKit tool and the DrugBank database, we speculate that (-)-taxifolin, dialoside A_qt, spinasterol, isofucosterol, and 11,14-eicosadienoic acid can be used as potential drugs for T2D via molecular docking and drug similarity comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Feng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China 518000
| | - Yuheng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China 510632
| | - Li Liao
- Chongqing Jiangjin District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China 404100
| | - Liping Yu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China 518000
| | - Ping Yuan
- Tongren Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 200000
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Traditional Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China 510632
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29
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Ampong I, John Ikwuobe O, Brown JEP, Bailey CJ, Gao D, Gutierrez-Merino J, Griffiths HR. Odd chain fatty acid metabolism in mice after a high fat diet. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 143:106135. [PMID: 34896612 PMCID: PMC8811477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that higher circulating levels of odd chain saturated fatty acids (FA: C15:0 and C17:0) are associated with lower risk of metabolic disease. These odd chain saturated fatty acids (OCSFA) are produced by α-oxidation in peroxisomes, de novo lipogenesis, from the diet and by gut microbiota. Although present at low concentrations, they are of interest as potential targets to reduce metabolic disease risk. To determine whether OCSFA are affected by obesogenic diets, we have investigated whether high dietary fat intake affects the frequency of OCSFA-producing gut microbiota, liver lipid metabolism genes and circulating OCSFA. FA concentrations were determined in liver and serum from pathogen-free SPF C57BL/6 J mice fed either standard chow or a high fat diet (HFD; 60% calories as fat) for four and twelve weeks. Post-mortem mouse livers were analysed histologically for fat deposition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for FA composition and by qPCR for the lipid metabolic genes fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (ELOVL6) and 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 1 (HACL). Gut microbiota in faecal pellets from the ileum were analysed by 16S RNA sequencing. A significant depletion of serum and liver C15:0 (>50%; P < 0.05) and liver C17:0 (>35%; P < 0.05) was observed in HFD-fed SPF mice in parallel with hepatic fat accumulation after four weeks. In addition, liver gene expression (HACL1, ELOVL6, SCD1 and FADS2) was lower (>50%; P < 0.05) and the relative abundance of beneficial C3:0-producing gut bacteria such as Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium was lower after HFD in SPF mice. In summary, high dietary fat intake reduces serum and liver OCSFA, OCSFA-producing gut microbiota and is associated with impaired liver lipid metabolism. Further studies are required to identify whether there is any beneficial effect of OCSFA and C3:0-producing gut bacteria to counter metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ampong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - O John Ikwuobe
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - James E P Brown
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Clifford J Bailey
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Dan Gao
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jorge Gutierrez-Merino
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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Alencar MAVSD, Araújo IMD, Parreiras-E-Silva LT, Nogueira-Barbosa MH, Salgado W, Elias J, Salmon CEG, Paula FJAD. Hashtag bone: detrimental effects on bone contrast with metabolic benefits one and five years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e11499. [PMID: 34878062 PMCID: PMC8647898 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss is a potential adverse consequence of rapid and sustained weight loss after bariatric surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bone mass, body fat distribution, and metabolic parameters in women submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The study included the following three groups: one group of lean women (control [C] group) and two groups of obese women, one evaluated one year (B1) and the other five years (B5) after RYGB. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging were used to determine bone mineral density (BMD; lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck) and abdominal fat content (subcutaneous [SAT] and visceral [VAT] adipose tissues, and intrahepatic lipids [IHL]). The BMD/body mass index ratio was lower in the B5 compared with the C group at all sites. Serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) levels were higher in the B1 and B5 groups compared with the C group. Individuals submitted to RYGB showed greater SAT but similar VAT and IHL values compared with those in the C group. However, the B5 group had higher mean parathyroid hormone levels compared with the other two groups. Individuals submitted to RYGB presented increased levels of CTX and low BMD for body weight than those in the C group, suggesting that bone catabolism is a persistent alteration associated with RYGB. In conclusion, the long-lasting metabolic benefits obtained with RYGB in obesity are counterbalanced by a persistent catabolic effect of the procedure on bone and mineral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A V S D Alencar
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - I M de Araújo
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - L T Parreiras-E-Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - M H Nogueira-Barbosa
- Departamento de Imagens Médicas, Hematologia e Oncologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - W Salgado
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - J Elias
- Departamento de Imagens Médicas, Hematologia e Oncologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - C E G Salmon
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - F J A de Paula
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Stefkovich M, Traynor S, Cheng L, Merrick D, Seale P. Dpp4+ interstitial progenitor cells contribute to basal and high fat diet-induced adipogenesis. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101357. [PMID: 34662714 PMCID: PMC8581370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The capacity to generate new adipocytes from precursor cells is critical for maintaining metabolic health. Adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) constitute a heterogenous collection of cell types; however, the contribution of these various cell types to adipose tissue expansion in vivo remains unknown. The aim of the current study is to investigate the contribution of Dpp4+ progenitors to de novo adipogenesis. METHODS Single cell analysis has identified several transcriptionally distinct subpopulations of APCs, including Dpp4+ progenitor cells concentrated in the connective tissue surrounding many organs, including white adipose tissue (WAT). Here, we generated a Dpp4CreER mouse model for in vivo lineage tracing of these cells and their downstream progeny in the setting of basal or high fat diet (HFD)-stimulated adipogenesis. RESULTS Dpp4CreER mice enabled specific temporal labeling of Dpp4+ progenitor cells within their native connective tissue niche. Following a dietary chase period consisting of chow or HFD feeding for 18 weeks, Dpp4+ progenitors differentiated into mature adipocytes within the gonadal and subcutaneous WAT. HFD stimulated adipogenic contribution from Dpp4+ cells in the gonadal but not the subcutaneous depot. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Dpp4+ progenitors give rise to DPP4(-)/ICAM1+ preadipocytes in vivo. HFD feeding did not perturb the flux of Dpp4+ cell conversion into ICAM1+ preadipocytes in gonadal WAT. Conversely, in subcutaneous WAT, HFD feeding/obesity led to an accumulation of ICAM1+ preadipocytes without a corresponding increase in mature adipocyte differentiation. Examination of non-classical murine visceral depots with relevance to humans, including omentum and retroperitoneal WAT, revealed robust contribution of Dpp4+ progenitors to de novo adipogenesis, which was further stimulated by HFD. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that Dpp4+ interstitial progenitor cells contribute to basal adipogenesis in all fat depots and are recruited to support de novo adipogenic expansion of visceral WAT in the setting of HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Stefkovich
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Traynor
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Merrick
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Corresponding author. Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Rm. 12-103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Corresponding author. Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Rm. 12-105, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Mkhize BC, Mosili P, Ngubane PS, Sibiya NH, Khathi A. Diet-induced prediabetes: Effects on the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in selected organs. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:768-780. [PMID: 34619025 PMCID: PMC9077724 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Derangements often observed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with disturbances in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity. A positive correlation between local RAAS activity and the complications observed in T2D has been noted. However, the detrimental ramifications due to moderate hyperglycemia noted in prediabetes and the affected organ system and mechanistic pathways are not elucidated. Hence, this study investigated the effects of diet-induced prediabetes on RAAS in various organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into two groups: non-pre-diabetic (NPD) through exposure to standard rat chow and diet-induced prediabetic (PD) group by exposure to a high-fat high carbohydrate diet for 32 weeks. RAAS activity in the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas and heart was determined through the analysis of RAAS components such as; renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) via PCR as well as the quantification of angiotensin II and aldosterone concentration. Furthermore, NADPH oxidase, SOD and GPx1 concentrations were determined in the skeletal muscle, pancreas and heart in addition to the hepatic triglycerides. RESULTS The RAAS components were elevated in the PD group when compared to the NPD. This was further accompanied by increased NADPH oxidase and reduced SOD and GPx1 concentrations in the selected organs, in addition to the elevated hepatic triglycerides concentration in the PD by comparison to NPD. CONCLUSION Due to these observed changes, we suggest that local RAAS activity in the prediabetic state in selected organs elicits the derangements noted in T2D.
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Korac B, Kalezic A, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Korac A, Jankovic A. Redox changes in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101887. [PMID: 33579666 PMCID: PMC8113039 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Life is an instantaneous encounter of circulating matter and flowing energy" (Jean Giaja, Serbian physiologist), is one of the most elegant definitions not only of life but the relationship of redox biology and metabolism. Their evolutionary liaison has created inseparable yet dynamic homeostasis in health, which, when disrupted, leads to disease. This interconnection is even more pertinent today, in an era of increasing metabolic diseases of epidemic proportions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Despite great advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of redox and metabolic regulation, we face significant challenges in preventing, diagnosing, and treating metabolic diseases. The etiological association and temporal overlap of these syndromes present significant challenges for the discrimination of appropriate clinical biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment, and outcome prediction. These multifactorial, multiorgan metabolic syndromes with complex etiopathogenic mechanisms are accompanied by disturbed redox equilibrium in target tissues and circulation. Free radicals and reactive species are considered both a causal factor and a consequence of disease status. Thus, determining the subtypes and levels of free radicals and reactive species, oxidatively damaged biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) and antioxidant defense components as well as redox-sensitive transcription factors and fluxes of redox-dependent metabolic pathways will help define existing and establish novel redox biomarkers for stratifying metabolic diseases. This review aims to discuss diverse redox/metabolic aspects in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, with the imperative to help establish a platform for emerging and future redox-metabolic biomarkers research in precision medicine. Future research warrants detailed investigations into the status of redox biomarkers in healthy subjects and patients, including the use of emerging 'omic' profiling technologies (e.g., redox proteomes, lipidomes, metabolomes, and transcriptomes), taking into account the influence of lifestyle (diet, physical activity, sleep, work patterns) as well as circadian ~24h fluctuations in circulatory factors and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Center for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Andjelika Kalezic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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MEHP interferes with mitochondrial functions and homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222590. [PMID: 32255176 PMCID: PMC7167251 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer frequently leached out from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products and is quickly metabolized to its monoester equivalent mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) once enters organisms. Exposure to DEHP/MEHP through food chain intake has been shown to modified metabolism but its effect on the development of metabolic myopathy of skeletal muscle (SKM) has not been revealed so far. Here, we found that MEHP repressed myogenic terminal differentiation of proliferating myoblasts (PMB) and confluent myoblasts (CMB) but had weak effect on this process once it had been initiated. The transition of mitochondria (MITO) morphology from high efficient filamentary network to low efficient vesicles was triggered by MEHP, implying its negative effects on MITO functions. The impaired MITO functions was further demonstrated by reduced MITO DNA (mtDNA) level and SDH enzyme activity as well as highly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells after MEHP treatment. The expression of metabolic genes, including PDK4, CPT1b, UCP2, and HO1, was highly increased by MEHP and the promoters of PDK4 and CPT1b were also activated by MEHP. Additionally, the stability of some subunits in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) complexes was found to be reduced by MEHP, implying defective oxidative metabolism in MITO and which was confirmed by repressed palmitic acid oxidation in MEHP-treated cells. Besides, MEHP also blocked insulin-induced glucose uptake. Taken together, our results suggest that MEHP is inhibitory to myogenesis and is harmful to MITO functions in SKM, so its exposure should be avoided or limited.
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Distinct Shades of Adipocytes Control the Metabolic Roles of Adipose Tissues: From Their Origins to Their Relevance for Medical Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010040. [PMID: 33466493 PMCID: PMC7824911 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue resides in specific depots scattered in peripheral or deeper locations all over the body and it enwraps most of the organs. This tissue is always in a dynamic evolution as it must adapt to the metabolic demand and constraints. It exhibits also endocrine functions important to regulate energy homeostasis. This complex organ is composed of depots able to produce opposite functions to monitor energy: the so called white adipose tissue acts to store energy as triglycerides preventing ectopic fat deposition while the brown adipose depots dissipate it. It is composed of many cell types. Different types of adipocytes constitute the mature cells specialized to store or burn energy. Immature adipose progenitors (AP) presenting stem cells properties contribute not only to the maintenance but also to the expansion of this tissue as observed in overweight or obese individuals. They display a high regeneration potential offering a great interest for cell therapy. In this review, we will depict the attributes of the distinct types of adipocytes and their contribution to the function and metabolic features of adipose tissue. We will examine the specific role and properties of distinct depots according to their location. We will consider their cellular heterogeneity to present an updated picture of this sophisticated tissue. We will also introduce new trends pointing out a rational targeting of adipose tissue for medical applications.
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Shetty S, Kapoor N, Thomas N, Paul TV. DXA Measured Visceral Adipose Tissue, Total Fat, Anthropometric Indices and its Association With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Mother-Daughter Pairs From India. J Clin Densitom 2021; 24:146-155. [PMID: 32651111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Visceral fat is the pathogenic fat depot associated with diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Estimation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by dual energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a newer technique with less radiation exposure, shorter scanning time, and lower cost. In this study, we attempted to look at relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and VAT, total body fat percent (TBF%) and anthropometry. We also studied the changes in body composition and metabolic parameters with menopause. The familial resemblance of VAT and TBF% in mother-daughter pair was also compared. This was a cross sectional community study of 300 women (150 postmenopausal mothers and 150 premenopausal daughters). Body composition indices by DXA and metabolic parameters were assessed. The association between DXA-VAT, TBF%, anthropometric measures, and cardiometabolic risk factors were studied by correlation, receiver operating characteristics curves, and logistic regression analysis. VAT indices were significantly higher and lean indices lower in postmenopausal women as compared to premenopausal women. One fourth of postmenopausal women were categorized as metabolically obese normal weight. DXA-VAT was a better predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors as compared to waist circumference, body mass index, and TF% in postmenopausal women (AUC:0.68 vs 0.62, 0.60 & 0.5, respectively), whereas body mass index had a better prediction in premenopausal women(AUC:0.68). VAT area >100 cm² had a significant association with the presence of ≥2 cardiometabolic risk factors (p = 0.04, OR: 2.2, CI:1.0-4.7) in the postmenopausal women. Daughters of the mothers with higher TBF% were found to have a higher TBF% compared to daughters of mothers with normal TBF% (36.2 ± 4.2 vs 32.2 ± 4.4, p = 0.03), similar resemblance was not seen for VAT. The study showed that the VAT increases and lean mass decreases with age and menopause. DXA measured VAT is a better predictor of cardiometabolic risk in postmenopausal women but not in premenopausal women. Total body fat may have a familial resemblance, but not the VAT which is determined by age, menopause, and probable life style factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Shetty
- Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, (MAHE), Manipal, India.
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Thomas Vizhalil Paul
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Abstract
A cluster of metabolic factors have been merged into an entity named the metabolic syndrome. Although the characteristics of this syndrome have varied over time the presently used definition was established in 2009. The presence of three abnormal findings out of five components qualifies a person for the metabolic syndrome: elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose. Cut points have been defined for all components apart from waist circumference, for which national or regional values are used. The metabolic syndrome predicts cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This associated risk does not exceed its components whereof elevated blood pressure is the most frequent. A successful management should, however, address all factors involved. The management is always based on healthy lifestyle choices but has not infrequently to be supported by pharmacological treatment, especially blood pressure lowering drugs. The metabolic syndrome is a useful example of the importance of multiple targets for preventive interventions. To be successful management has to be individualized not the least when it comes to pharmacological therapy. Frail elderly people should not be over-treated. Knowledge transfer of how risk factors act should be accompanied by continuous trust building and motivation. In complex situations with a mix of biological risk factors, adverse social conditions and unhealthy lifestyle, everything cannot be changed at once. It is better to aim for small steps that are lasting than large, unsustainable steps with relapses to unhealthy behaviours. A person with the metabolic syndrome will always be afflicted by its components, which is the reason that management has to be sustained over a very long time. This review summarizes the knowledge on the metabolic syndrome and its management according to present state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lars Rydén
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Single cell approaches to address adipose tissue stromal cell heterogeneity. Biochem J 2020; 477:583-600. [PMID: 32026949 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A central function of adipose tissue is in the management of systemic energy homeostasis that is achieved through the co-ordinated regulation of energy storage and mobilization, adipokine release, and immune functions. With the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease over the past 30 years, there has been extensive interest in targeting adipose tissue for therapeutic benefit. However, in order for this goal to be achieved it is essential to establish a comprehensive atlas of adipose tissue cellular composition and define mechanisms of intercellular communication that mediate pathologic and therapeutic responses. While traditional methods, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and genetic lineage tracing, have greatly advanced the field, these approaches are inherently limited by the choice of markers and the ability to comprehensively identify and characterize dynamic interactions among stromal cells within the tissue microenvironment. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has emerged as a powerful tool for deconvolving cellular heterogeneity and holds promise for understanding the development and plasticity of adipose tissue under normal and pathological conditions. scRNAseq has recently been used to characterize adipose stem cell (ASC) populations and has provided new insights into subpopulations of macrophages that arise during anabolic and catabolic remodeling in white adipose tissue. The current review summarizes recent findings that use this technology to explore adipose tissue heterogeneity and plasticity.
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Jamar G, Santamarina AB, Flygare AC, Gagliardi A, de Rosso VV, Dourado VZ, Pisani LP. Effects of the juçara fruit supplementation on metabolic parameters in individuals with obesity: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108430. [PMID: 32615488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation has been proposed as a central mechanism connecting obesity with its metabolic and vascular complications due to the imbalance in the expression of several hormones and adipokines. Berries rich in polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids have been able to prevent both obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, improving metabolic functions in human subjects and animal models of obesity. Juçara has been considered a super fruit owing to its nutritional composition and relevant biological activities with an interesting response in animals. Thus, we aimed to verify the potential antiobesogenic effect of juçara supplementation in humans. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with 35 adults with obesity of both sexes. They were assessed for resting metabolic rate, anthropometry and body composition, blood pressure, metabolic parameters and adipokines. Subsequently, they were randomized into two groups to use or not (placebo) 5 g lyophilized juçara for 6 weeks. Supplementation with juçara was significantly effective in reducing body fat, increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and doubling serum adiponectin. Besides, juçara supplementation, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and neck circumference were predictors to explain the enhancement in adiponectin. Juçara supplementation was determinant to improve adiponectin levels, and it may be considered a novel strategy for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Jamar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Boveto Santamarina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Flygare
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Gagliardi
- Departamento de Medicina Cardiovascular, Angiocorpore Instituto de Medicina Cardiovascular, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Vera de Rosso
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Zuniga Dourado
- Departamento de Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Qiu Y, Yu H, Zeng R, Guo S, Daniyal M, Deng Z, Wang A, Wang W. Recent Development on Anti-Obesity Compounds and their Mechanisms of Action: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3577-3597. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190215114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, associated with a series of complications such as diabetes, hypertension, and
heart disease, is a great threat to human health and leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Despite
the presence of anti-obesity agents on the market, the application of these drugs is limited because
of their typical side effects. More effective and safe weight-loss drugs are being pursued by
many researchers, correspondingly, growing small molecules and natural products with anti-obesity
effects have been identified and the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of the novel and
known compounds have at least partially been revealed. Therefore, the field does witness great progress
year by year. In this review, we intend to provide a comprehensive and updated view on the
known and novel compounds which possess anti-obesity effects and further classify them according
to the molecular mechanisms of their actions in regulating the major anti-obesity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Huanghe Yu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shiyin Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zeyu Deng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Aibing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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Mariano IR, Yamada LA, Soares Rabassi R, Rissi Sabino VL, Bataglini C, Azevedo SCSF, Garcia RF, Pedrosa MMD. Differential Responses of Liver and Hypothalamus to the Nutritional Condition During Lactation and Adult Life. Front Physiol 2020; 11:553. [PMID: 32581843 PMCID: PMC7291834 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It was previously reported that liver glucose metabolism in rats under caloric restriction differs from that of freely-fed rats. This study hypothesized that these changes (1) were related to the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in metabolic control, and (2) were not a residual effect of litter size. To those purposes, liver glucose metabolism and hypothalamic expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides NPY (neuropeptide Y) and AgRP (agouti gene-related peptide); and of the anorexigenic neuropeptides POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) and CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-related transcripts) were investigated. Male Wistar rats from two different litter sizes (G6 and G12, with 6 or 12 pups, respectively) were subjected to free feeding (GL, ad libitum), 50% caloric restriction (GR) or caloric restriction+ad libitum refeeding (GRL) until the age of 90 days. Biometric values were lower in GR than in GL, while in GRL they were totally or partially recovered. Blood glucose variation during the pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) was small in GR. During in situ liver perfusion, total, basal, and adrenaline-stimulated liver glucose outputs were high in GR, but additional glucose output in the presence of alanine was negligible. Refeeding (GRL) yielded values close to those of GL. Litter size did not consistently influence any of these variables. The expression of transcripts of the hypothalamic neuropeptides was responsive to feeding regimen, litter size and/or their interaction and differed from G6 to G12, while the metabolic changes of the liver were qualitatively equal in both GR. Therefore, the changes in glucose metabolism in the liver of rats under caloric restriction were not determined by either litter size or hypothalamic neuropeptide expression and were linked only to the prevailing feeding regimen of the adult animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ramos Mariano
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences and Hepatic Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Laís Akemi Yamada
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences and Hepatic Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Renan Soares Rabassi
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences and Hepatic Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lara Rissi Sabino
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences and Hepatic Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Camila Bataglini
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences and Hepatic Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Rosângela Fernandes Garcia
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences and Hepatic Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Maria Montserrat Diaz Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Physiological Sciences and Hepatic Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Spinelli S, Dinnella C, Tesini F, Bendini A, Braghieri A, Proserpio C, Torri L, Miele NA, Aprea E, Mazzaglia A, Gallina Toschi T, Monteleone E. Gender Differences in Fat-Rich Meat Choice: Influence of Personality and Attitudes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051374. [PMID: 32403419 PMCID: PMC7285107 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate liking of fats may be due to one or more orosensory, post-ingestive, and metabolic signals; however, individuals differ in their preference for fat in meat. One of the variables that mainly impacts eating behaviors and thus should be carefully analyzed is sex/gender, and while sex (female/male, in a binary approximation) refers only to biological characteristics, gender (woman/man, in a binary approximation) refers to cultural attitudes and behavior. This study aimed at exploring the role of gender, age, taste responsiveness (measured as sensitivity to the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP)), personality traits, attitudes, and liking of and familiarity with meat on the choice of fat-rich meat products in 1208 women and men aged 18–66. Both a between- and a within-gender approach were adopted. Results showed that gender had a major impact on liking of and familiarity with meat and choice for fat-rich meat compared to age. A lower liking meat in general was found in women, independently of fat content. Women also reported a lower familiarity than men with fatty meat and cold meat and a lower choice of fat-rich meat. Genders differed in the influence of personality and attitudes about fat-rich meat choice. In both genders, the choice of meat higher in fat was associated with liking cold and fatty meat and with age and negatively with liking low-fat meat. Women were in general more interested in health than men, and this may explain the main difference in the choice of fat-rich meat between genders. However, when we look at each gender separately, general health interest was significantly correlated with a lower choice of fat-rich meat only in men. In addition, in men food neophobia was negatively correlated with choice of fat-rich meat. In women, the emotional dimension was found to play an important role, with sensitivity to disgust that was negatively associated with fat-rich meat choice and emotional eating that was positively associated with it. Thanks to the large sample and the gender-sensitive approach adopted, this study showed that different factors affect choice of fat-rich meat by gender, in addition to liking of and familiarity with fat-rich and cold meat and age. This suggests that strategies personalized by gender to reinforce or activate barriers to this type of consumption may be more effective at reducing fat intake, promoting the consumption of meat lower in fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Caterina Dinnella
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Federica Tesini
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Bendini
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Ada Braghieri
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Itay;
| | - Cristina Proserpio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luisa Torri
- Sensory and Consumer Science, University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta A. Miele
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Aprea
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento/Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele All’adige, Italy;
| | - Agata Mazzaglia
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Tullia Gallina Toschi
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.T.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (T.G.T.)
| | - Erminio Monteleone
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.D.); (E.M.)
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Miljkovic I, Kuipers AL, Cvejkus RK, Carr JJ, Terry JG, Thyagarajan B, Wheeler VW, Nair S, Zmuda JM. Hepatic and Skeletal Muscle Adiposity Are Associated with Diabetes Independent of Visceral Adiposity in Nonobese African-Caribbean Men. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:275-283. [PMID: 32392448 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue (AT) around and within non-AT organs (i.e., ectopic adiposity) is emerging as a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Not known is whether major ectopic adiposity depots, such as hepatic, skeletal muscle, and pericardial adiposity (PAT), are associated with T2D independent of visceral adiposity (VAT). More data are particularly needed among high-risk nonobese minority populations, as the race/ethnic gap in T2D risk is greatest among nonobese. Methods: Thus, we measured several ectopic adiposity depots by computed tomography in 718 (mean age = 64 years) African-Caribbean men on the Island of Tobago overall, and stratified by obesity (obese N = 187 and nonobese N = 532). Results: In age, lifestyle risk factors, health status, lipid-lowering medication intake, body mass index and all other adiposity-adjusted regression analyses, and hepatic and skeletal muscle adiposity were associated with T2D among nonobese men only (all P < 0.05), despite no association between VAT and PAT and T2D. Conclusions: Our results support the "ectopic fat syndrome" theory in the pathogenesis of T2D among nonobese African-Caribbean men. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the independent role of ectopic adiposity in T2D, and to identify possible biological mechanisms underlying this relationship, particularly in high-risk African ancestry and other nonwhite populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan K Cvejkus
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Victor W Wheeler
- Tobago Health Studies Office, Scarborough, Tobago, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
| | - Sangeeta Nair
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Obesity, Bioactive Lipids, and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051305. [PMID: 32375231 PMCID: PMC7284998 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The exact mechanism by which adipose tissue induces insulin resistance is still unclear. It has been demonstrated that obesity is associated with the adipocyte dysfunction, macrophage infiltration, and low-grade inflammation, which probably contributes to the induction of insulin resistance. Adipose tissue synthesizes and secretes numerous bioactive molecules, namely adipokines and cytokines, which affect the metabolism of both lipids and glucose. Disorders in the synthesis of adipokines and cytokines that occur in obesity lead to changes in lipid and carbohydrates metabolism and, as a consequence, may lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is also associated with the accumulation of lipids. A special group of lipids that are able to regulate the activity of intracellular enzymes are biologically active lipids: long-chain acyl-CoAs, ceramides, and diacylglycerols. According to the latest data, the accumulation of these lipids in adipocytes is probably related to the development of insulin resistance. Recent studies indicate that the accumulation of biologically active lipids in adipose tissue may regulate the synthesis/secretion of adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines. Although studies have revealed that inflammation caused by excessive fat accumulation and abnormalities in lipid metabolism can contribute to the development of obesity-related insulin resistance, further research is needed to determine the exact mechanism by which obesity-related insulin resistance is induced.
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Nagaraju R, Joshi A, Vamadeva S, Rajini PS. Effect of chronic exposure to monocrotophos on white adipose tissue in rats and its association with metabolic dyshomeostasis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1190-1199. [PMID: 32207356 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120913080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to monocrotophos (MCP) elicits insulin resistance in rats along with increased white adipose tissue (WAT) weights. This study was carried out to delineate the biochemical and molecular changes in adipose tissues of rats subjected to chronic exposure to MCP (0.9 and 1.8 mg/kg bw/d for 180 days). Pesticide-treated rats exhibited increased fasting glucose and hyperinsulinemia as well as dyslipidemia. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin levels were elevated, while adiponectin level was suppressed in plasma of treated rats. MCP treatment caused discernable increase in the weights of perirenal and epididymal WAT. Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lipin-1, and lipolytic activities were elevated in the WAT of MCP-treated rats. Corroborative changes were observed in the expression profile of proteins that are involved in lipogenesis and adipose tissue differentiation. Our results clearly demonstrate that long-term exposure to organophosphorus insecticides (OPIs) such as MCP has far-reaching consequences on metabolic health as evidenced by the association of adipogenic outcomes with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, endocrine dysregulations, and dyslipidemia. Taken together, our results suggest that long-term exposure to OPI may be a risk factor for metabolic dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagaraju
- Occupational Biochemistry, Regional occupational Health Centre (Southern), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Akr Joshi
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Vamadeva
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - P S Rajini
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Heinonen S, Jokinen R, Rissanen A, Pietiläinen KH. White adipose tissue mitochondrial metabolism in health and in obesity. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12958. [PMID: 31777187 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue is one of the largest organs of the body. It plays a key role in whole-body energy status and metabolism; it not only stores excess energy but also secretes various hormones and metabolites to regulate body energy balance. Healthy adipose tissue capable of expanding is needed for metabolic well-being and to prevent accumulation of triglycerides to other organs. Mitochondria govern several important functions in the adipose tissue. We review the derangements of mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue in the obese state. Downregulation of mitochondrial function or biogenesis in the white adipose tissue is a central driver for obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial functions compromised in obesity include oxidative functions and renewal and enlargement of the adipose tissue through recruitment and differentiation of adipocyte progenitor cells. These changes adversely affect whole-body metabolic health. Dysfunction of the white adipose tissue mitochondria in obesity has long-term consequences for the metabolism of adipose tissue and the whole body. Understanding the pathways behind mitochondrial dysfunction may help reveal targets for pharmacological or nutritional interventions that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis or function in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Jokinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Kadkhoda G, Zarkesh M, Saidpour A, Oghaz MH, Hedayati M, Khalaj A. Association of dietary intake of fruit and green vegetables with PTEN and P53 mRNA gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese and non-obese adults. Gene 2020; 733:144353. [PMID: 31978509 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the association of dietary intake of fruit and green Vegetables with PTEN and P53 mRNA gene expression in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) of obese and non-obese adults. METHODS VAT and SAT were obtained from 151 individuals, aged ~40 years, who had undergone elective abdominal surgery. The participants were grouped according to their body mass index (BMI), as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI = 18.5-30 kg/m2). Dietary intakes were obtained using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Real-time PCR was carried out for PTEN and P53 mRNA expressions. Associations between expression levels and dietary parameters were analyzed. RESULTS P53 mRNA expression of obese participants was significantly higher than the non-obese, only in VAT (p < 0.001). After adjusting for total energy intake, age and BMI, fruit intake was inversely associated with P53 gene expression in both VAT (β = -0.38, P = 0.01) and SAT (β = -0.35, P = 0.03) among non-obese participants. Furthermore, fruit consumption was inversely associated with P53 gene expression in obese individuals, only in VAT (β = -0.21, P = 0.05). More so, intake of green vegetables in obese subjects was negatively associated with P53 gene expression in VAT (β = -0.27, P = 0.01) and SAT (β = -0.28, P < 0.001). On the other hand, after adjustment for total energy intake, age and BMI, a positive association was observed between fruit intake and PTEN in VAT (β = 0.27, P = 0.01) and SAT (β = 0.34, P < 0.001) among obese participants. In addition, dietary consumption of fruits in non-obese individuals was negatively associated withPTEN expression in SAT (β = -0.48, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dietary intake of fruit and green vegetables was associated with P53 gene expression in VAT and SAT of obese participants, suggesting their protective role in regulating P53 mRNA expression in adipose tissue. Furthermore, higher fruit intake was inversely associated with PTEN mRNA levels in non-obese participants, implying the anti-adipogenic role of PTEN gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnoosh Kadkhoda
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Hajizadeh Oghaz
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- Tehran Obesity Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Zaccarelli-Marino MA, Fonseca FLA, Gascón TM, Filipini R. Profile of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents and Frequency of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glucose Intolerance: A Study in Public School in Brazil. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1733-1741. [PMID: 32547135 PMCID: PMC7247719 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s246061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify if there is an increase in frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and glucose intolerance in children and adolescents who are overweight and obese. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey. The study population consisted of 2757 students of both sexes (1415 girls and 1342 boys) attending public schools in São Paulo state, Brazil,aged 10-19 years, from 2011 to 2012. Students not within this age range and those with type 1 diabetes mellitus were excluded. Upon interview, anthropometry, capillary blood glucose testing, fasting glucosemia (FG) and glucosemia 2 hours after 75 g of dextrose (AD) variables were obtained. We emphasize that, inspite of the 2757 students included in the next stage, only 88 students agreed to participate, and low compliance of those participants is due to the fact that they were children and adolescents who depend on the authorization of their parents or tutors, who have demonstrated deficient knowledge of familial chronic diseases such as obesity and its consequences, and the risk of DM2. RESULTS More often girls, 1415 (51.3%). A total of 27.3% was overweight/obese/severely obese. Capillary blood glucose testing was performed in 88 (3.2%) children and adolescents with low values of glycemic results after the glucose load. There was no statistical significance between sex and glucosemia, with an average FG and AD of 92.8 mg/dL (male), 91.8 mg/dL (female) and 89.1 mg/dL (male) and 88.9 mg/dL (female), respectively. CONCLUSION This survey emphasizes that more attention should be paid to diet interventions and practicing of physical activities demanding habit changes and acquisition of special behaviour for self-care, and provision of a better educational health program, suggesting the effective participation of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis of ABC Medical School Foundation, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Moura Gascón
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis of ABC Medical School Foundation, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: Thaís Moura Gascón Clinical Analysis Laboratory of Faculdade de Medicina ABC, 2000, Lauro Gomes Avenue, Santo AndréCEP 09060-650, SP, BrazilTel +55 11 972280763 Email
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Li H, Park HM, Ji HS, Han J, Kim SK, Park HY, Jeong TS. Phenolic-enriched blueberry-leaf extract attenuates glucose homeostasis, pancreatic β-cell function, and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet–induced diabetic mice. Nutr Res 2020; 73:83-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
In order to better understand the events that precede and precipitate the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), several nutritional animal models have been developed. These models are generated by manipulating the diet of either the animal itself, or its mother during her pregnancy, and in comparison to traditional genetic and knock out models, have the advantage that they more accurately reflect the etiology of human T2DM. This chapter will discuss some of the most widely used nutritional models of T2DM: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) in adult rodents, and studies of offspring of mothers fed a low-protein, high-fat and/or high-sugar diet during pregnancy and/or lactation. Several common mechanisms have been identified through which these nutritional manipulations can lead to metabolic disease, including pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, and the excess accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and consequent deposition of nonesterified fatty acids in peripheral tissues. In addition, there is an emerging concept that obesity/poor quality diets result in increased production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from adipose tissue leading to a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, and that this is likely to represent an important link between obesity/diet and metabolic dysfunction. The following chapter will discuss the most common nutritional models of T2DM in experimental animals, their application, and relationship to human etiology, and will highlight the important insights these models have provided into the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Sara Mühlhäusler
- Food and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Food and Wine Sciences, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Carla Toop
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sheridan Gentili
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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