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Brown L, Cambron C, Post WS, Brandt EJ. The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:451-461. [PMID: 38980573 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review seeks to provide important information on each of the major domains of social determinants of health (SDOH) in the context of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS SDOH can be classified into five domains: social and community context, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, economic stability, and education access and quality. SDOH are major drivers for cardiovascular health outcomes that exceed the impact from traditional risk factors, and explain inequities in health outcomes observed across different groups of individuals. SDOH profoundly impacts healthcare's receipt, delivery, and outcomes. Many patients fall within various disenfranchised groups (e.g., identify with minority race, low socioeconomic status, low educational attainment, LGBTQ+), which impact overall health status and care. Learning to understand, recognize, and address SDOH as the driving force of disparities are critical for achieving health equity in the prevention and adequate treatment of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Brown
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric J Brandt
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr, Lobby A, Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr, Lobby A, Ann Arbor, MI, 48103, USA.
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Chandrabose M, Hadgraft N, Owen N, Mavoa S, Sugiyama T. Joint associations of neighbourhood walkability and greenery with walking among middle-aged and older adults: Findings from diverse urban settings in Australia. Health Place 2024; 89:103334. [PMID: 39106781 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
There is evidence that neighbourhood walkability and greenery are associated with walking, but less is known about their joint associations. We investigated this using data from the AusDiab3 study (2011/12) with 3032 adults (mean age 60 years). Two-level logistic regression models were used with binary walking outcomes. There was an inverse relationship (r = -0.5) between walkability (a composite measure of residential, destinations and intersections densities) and greenery (the size of densely vegetated areas). However, both walkability and greenery were independently positively associated with odds of walking. Regarding joint associations, in low-walkability neighbourhoods, greenery was positively associated with walking. In high-walkability neighbourhoods, greenery was not associated with walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Chandrabose
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nyssa Hadgraft
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Environmental Public Health Branch, EPA Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Neville Owen
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Environmental Public Health Branch, EPA Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Takemi Sugiyama
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Liem DG, Woo YC. Encouraging online consumers into making better food choices: The power of nature exposure on healthy food choices. Appetite 2024; 199:107382. [PMID: 38723667 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND online environments can influence food desire and choices. We tested if online calming nature and stressful street environments can affect desire for healthy and unhealthy foods. METHOD we asked 238 participants (40 ± 14 yrs) to rate their desire (100 mm VAS) for 7 low calorie nutrient rich foods (Healthy) and 7 high calorie nutrient poor foods (Unhealthy), and perceived stress (state anxiety in STAI), before and after imagining themselves in a control, nature park, or busy street condition. RESULTS participants who imagined themselves being in a nature park had a significant higher desire for Healthy foods, than participants in the busy street condition (p < 0.05). Participants in the busy street condition decreased their desire for Healthy foods after they imagined themselves in a busy street (p < 0.05)). However, perceived stress did not impact the association between condition and desire for low calorie foods nor high calorie foods. CONCLUSION this study suggests that online environments can have an impact on healthy food desires, which could be of importance for the increased number of food choices which are made in online environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djin Gie Liem
- Deakin University, CASS Food Research Centre, Australia.
| | - Yu Chu Woo
- Deakin University, CASS Food Research Centre, Australia.
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Descarpentrie A, Dargent-Molina P, Arregi A, Carrasco P, Estarlich M, Guxens M, McEachan R, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Subiza-Pérez M, Wright J, Charles MA, Heude B, Vrijheid M, Lioret S. Urban environment exposures, energy balance-related behaviors and their combination in preschoolers from three European countries. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108880. [PMID: 39024825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban environments are characterized by many factors that may influence children's energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs), but there is limited research on the impact of prospective exposure to multiple urban factors in preschoolers. We evaluated prospective associations between various urban exposures and EBRBs in preschoolers across Europe, with EBRBs considered both individually and combined into lifestyle patterns. METHODS We used data from 4,073 preschoolers (aged 3-4 years) participating in three European cohorts from the EU Child Cohort Network: BiB (United Kingdom), EDEN (France), and INMA (Spain). Eighteen built and food environment, green spaces, road traffic and ambient air pollution exposures were characterized at residential addresses. Various EBRBs were considered as the outcomes including screen time, sleep duration and diet (fruit, vegetables, discretionary sweet foods, sweet beverages) individually and combined into unhealthy lifestyle patterns, using principal components analysis. Associations between urban exposures and outcomes were estimated using a single-exposure analysis and the deletion-substitution-addition algorithm was used to construct multi-exposure models. RESULTS In multi-exposure models, greater walkability and smaller distance to the nearest road were associated with higher scores on the unhealthy lifestyle patterns. Likewise, greater walkability was associated with higher screen time and more frequent discretionary sweet food consumption. A smaller distance to the nearest road was also associated with lower sleep duration and more frequent sweet beverages consumption. On the other hand, higher levels of street connectivity showed an inverse association with the unhealthy lifestyle patterns. In the same vein, greater street connectivity was associated with decreased screen time. CONCLUSION This comprehensive examination of multiple urban exposures indicates that residing in walkable environments and in close proximity to roads in densely-populated areas may not be advantageous for children EBRBs, while residing in neighborhoods with higher street connectivity appears to supposedly be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Descarpentrie
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France.
| | - Patricia Dargent-Molina
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Ane Arregi
- Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20018, San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Paula Carrasco
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Nursing and Chiropody Faculty of Valencia University, C/ Menéndez Pelayo, 19, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Monica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosie McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, BD9 6RJ, Bradford, UK
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Subiza-Pérez
- Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20018, San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, BD9 6RJ, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, BD9 6RJ, Bradford, UK
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
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Liang KH, Colombijn JMT, Verhaar MC, Ghannoum M, Timmermans EJ, Vernooij RWM. The general external exposome and the development or progression of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124509. [PMID: 38968981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The impact of environmental risk factors on chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the literature on the association between the general external exposome and CKD development or progression. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for case-control or cohort studies, that investigated the association of the general external exposome with a change in eGFR or albuminuria, diagnosis or progression of CKD, or CKD-related mortality. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Summary effect estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses. Most of the 66 included studies focused on air pollution (n = 33), e.g. particulate matter (PM) and nitric oxides (NOx), and heavy metals (n = 21) e.g. lead and cadmium. Few studies investigated chemicals (n = 7) or built environmental factors (n = 5). No articles on other environment factors such as noise, food supply, or urbanization were found. PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased CKD and end-stage kidney disease incidence, but not with CKD-related mortality. There was mixed evidence regarding the association of NO2 and PM10 on CKD incidence. Exposure to heavy metals might be associated with an increased risk of adverse kidney outcomes, however, evidence was inconsistent. Studies on effects of chemicals or built environment on kidney outcomes were inconclusive. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to PM2.5 is associated with an increased risk of CKD incidence and progression to kidney failure. Current studies predominantly investigate the exposure to air pollution and heavy metals, whereas chemicals and the built environment remains understudied. Substantial heterogeneity and mixed evidence were found across studies. Therefore, long-term high-quality studies are needed to elucidate the impact of exposure to chemicals or other (built) environmental factors and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate H Liang
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Julia M T Colombijn
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Ghannoum
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Poison Information Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik J Timmermans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robin W M Vernooij
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Lang IM, Antonakos CL, Judd SE, Colabianchi N. Intake of Snacks and Sweets in a National Study of Built and Social Environments: the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study. J Nutr 2024; 154:2300-2314. [PMID: 38795742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few national studies across the United States' rural-urban continuum examine neighborhood effects on snacks and sweets intake among adults. OBJECTIVES This study examines associations of urbanicity/rurality-tailored measures of food store availability and neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) with the intake of snacks and sweets in a national sample of middle and older age adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study used food frequency questionnaire data collected in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study (N = 21,204). What We Eat in America food group categorizations guided outcome classification into 1 main category (total snacks and sweets) and 4 subcategories (savory snacks and crackers; sweet bakery products; candy and desserts; nutrition bars and low-fat snacks and sweets). NSES and food store availability were determined using geographic information systems. Food store availability was characterized as geographic access to primary food stores (e.g., supermarkets, supercenters, and select food retailers) in urbanicity/rurality-tailored neighborhood-based buffers. Multiple linear regression was used to predict each outcome. RESULTS Living in neighborhoods with a high density of primary food stores was associated with 8.6%, 9.5%, and 5.8% lower intake of total snacks and sweets, sweet bakery products, and candy and desserts, respectively. Living in the highest NSES quartile was associated with 11.3%, 5.8%, and 18.9% lower intake of total snacks and sweets, savory snacks and crackers, and sweet bakery products, respectively. Depending on primary food store availability, higher household income was associated with significantly greater intake of nutrition bars and low-fat snacks and sweets. Living in a United States Department of Agriculture-defined food desert was not associated with intake. CONCLUSIONS In a geographically diverse sample of middle and older age United States adults, living in neighborhoods with no primary food stores or neighborhoods of low-SES was associated with higher intake of total snacks and sweets and subgroups of snacks and sweets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian-Marshall Lang
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cathy L Antonakos
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Natalie Colabianchi
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Zhao F, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Xia Y, Jiang X, Zhou L, Khan A, Cheng S, Zou Z, Chen C, Qiu J. Association between protein-to-energy ratio and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1383602. [PMID: 38983459 PMCID: PMC11232357 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1383602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The dietary protein proportion may be crucial in triggering overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional data from 4,336 children and adolescents who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and March 2020 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic splines assessed the nonlinear relationships between dietary protein intake and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results Adjusted logistic regression models showed that each 1% increase in dietary protein proportion was associated with a 4% higher risk of overweight and obesity (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07). A nonlinear relationship was noted in children aged 6-11 years (P < 0.05), as demonstrated by restricted cubic spline analysis. After dividing dietary protein intake into quartiles, the highest quartile had an adjusted OR of 2.07 (95% CI: 1.35, 3.16, P = 0.001) compared to the lowest, among children aged 6-11 years. Conclusion Dietary protein intake is positively linked to overweight and obesity in American children, irrespective of individual characteristics and total energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoyi Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Sharif FV, Yousefi N, Sharif Z. Economic Evaluations of Anti-obesity Interventions in Obese Adults: An Umbrella Review. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1834-1845. [PMID: 38438668 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This umbrella review amalgamates the outcomes of economic evaluations pertaining to bariatric surgeries, pharmacotherapy, and gastric balloon for adult obesity treatment. Six databases were systematically searched. The inclusion criteria were established following the Patient/population Intervention Comparison and Outcomes (PICO) statement. Fifteen reviews met all the inclusion criteria. Eight studies focused on surgical interventions, four on pharmacotherapy, and three on both interventions. No systematic review of the economic evaluation of gastric balloons was identified. The majority of reviews advocated bariatric surgery as a cost-effective approach; however, there was discordance in the interpretation of pharmacological cost-effectiveness. Most of the economic evaluations were conducted from the payer and the healthcare system perspectives. We propose that future economic evaluations assessing weight loss interventions in adults adopt a societal perspective and longer-term time horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazila Yousefi
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sharif
- School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Nie T, Huang S, Yang Y, Hu A, Wang J, Cheng Z, Liu W. A review of the world's salt reduction policies and strategies - preparing for the upcoming year 2025. Food Funct 2024; 15:2836-2859. [PMID: 38414443 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of dietary sodium is a significant contributor to non-communicable diseases, including hypertension and cardiovascular disease. There is now a global consensus that regulating salt intake is among the most cost-effective measures for enhancing public health. More than half of the countries worldwide have implemented multiple strategies to decrease salt consumption. Nevertheless, a report on sodium intake reduction published by the World Health Organization revealed that the world is off-track to meet its targeted reduction of 30% by 2025. The global situation regarding salt reduction remains concerning. This review will center on domestic and international salt reduction policies, as well as diverse strategies, given the detrimental effects of excessive dietary salt intake and the existing global salt intake scenario. Besides, we used visualization software to analyze the literature related to salt reduction research in the last five years to explore the research hotspots in this field. Our objective is to enhance public awareness regarding the imperative of reducing salt intake and promoting the active implementation of diverse salt reduction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Nie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Siqi Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Anna Hu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Jianing Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Koohsari MJ, Kaczynski AT, Miyachi M, Oka K. Building on muscles: how built environment design impacts modern sports science. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001908. [PMID: 38495957 PMCID: PMC10941174 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-001908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sports science focuses on enhancing athletes' performance, requiring a multifaceted approach. It is evolving from a purely muscle-centred approach to an interdisciplinary one. This paper investigates built environment design science, a dimension less explored in relation to enhancing athlete performance in sports science. The discussion is divided into three categories: athlete-centric training built environment design, enhanced fan and community engagement, and improved integrative accessibility. The study also identifies future research directions, including evidence of the relative impact of the built environment, financial aspects, and performance evaluation methods. Collaboration between sports scientists and scholars in urban design, parks, transportation, landscape architecture and environmental psychology is necessary to advance this topic further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew T Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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van Erpecum CPL, van Zon SKR, Bültmann U, Smidt N. Effects of changes in residential fast-food outlet exposure on Body Mass Index change: longitudinal evidence from 92,211 Lifelines participants. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:31. [PMID: 38486265 PMCID: PMC10941418 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the association between fast-food outlet exposure and Body Mass Index (BMI) remains inconsistent and is primarily based on cross-sectional studies. We investigated the associations between changes in fast-food outlet exposure and BMI changes, and to what extent these associations are moderated by age and fast-food outlet exposure at baseline. METHODS We used 4-year longitudinal data of the Lifelines adult cohort (N = 92,211). Participant residential addresses at baseline and follow-up were linked to a register containing fast-food outlet locations using geocoding. Change in fast-food outlet exposure was defined as the number of fast-food outlets within 1 km of the residential address at follow-up minus the number of fast-food outlets within 1 km of the residential address at baseline. BMI was calculated based on objectively measured weight and height. Fixed effects analyses were performed adjusting for changes in covariates and potential confounders. Exposure-moderator interactions were tested and stratified analyses were performed if p < 0.10. RESULTS Participants who had an increase in the number of fast-food outlets within 1 km had a greater BMI increase (B(95% CI): 0.003 (0.001,0.006)). Decreases in fast-food outlet exposure were not associated with BMI change (B(95% CI): 0.001 (-0.001,0.004)). No clear moderation pattern by age or fast-food outlet exposure at baseline was found. CONCLUSIONS Increases in residential fast-food outlet exposure are associated with BMI gain, whereas decreases in fast-food outlet exposure are not associated with BMI loss. Effect sizes of increases in fast-food outlet exposure on BMI change were small at individual level. However, a longer follow-up period may have been needed to fully capture the impact of increases in fast-food outlet exposure on BMI change. Furthermore, these effect sizes could still be important at population level considering the rapid rise of fast-food outlets across society. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms and changes in consumer behaviours underlying associations between changes in fast-food outlet exposure and BMI change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel-Peter L van Erpecum
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander K R van Zon
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Smidt
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Rosenberg DE, Cruz MF, Mooney SJ, Bobb JF, Drewnowski A, Moudon AV, Cook AJ, Hurvitz PM, Lozano P, Anau J, Theis MK, Arterburn DE. Neighborhood built and food environment in relation to glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes in the moving to health study. Health Place 2024; 86:103216. [PMID: 38401397 PMCID: PMC10957299 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether built environment and food metrics are associated with glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 14,985 patients with type 2 diabetes using electronic health records from Kaiser Permanente Washington. Patient addresses were geocoded with ArcGIS using King County and Esri reference data. Built environment exposures estimated from geocoded locations included residential unit density, transit threshold residential unit density, park access, and having supermarkets and fast food restaurants within 1600-m Euclidean buffers. Linear mixed effects models compared mean changes of HbA1c from baseline at 1, 3 (primary) and 5 years by each built environment variable. RESULTS Patients (mean age = 59.4 SD = 13.2, 49.5% female, 16.6% Asian, 9.8% Black, 5.5% Latino/Hispanic, 57.1% White, 20% insulin dependent, mean BMI = 32.7±7.7) had an average of 6 HbA1c measures available. Participants in the 1st tertile of residential density (lowest) had a greater decline in HbA1c (-0.42, -0.43, and -0.44 in years 1, 3, and 5 respectively) than those in the 3rd tertile (HbA1c = -0.37 at 1- and 3-years and -0.36 at 5-years; all p-values <0.05). Having any supermarkets within 1600 m of home was associated with a greater decrease in HbA1c at 1-year and 3-years compared to having none (all p-values <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lower residential density and better proximity to supermarkets may benefit HbA1c control in people with people with type 2 diabetes. However, effects were small and indicate limited clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maricela F Cruz
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer F Bobb
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, USA.
| | | | | | - Andrea J Cook
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, USA.
| | - Philip M Hurvitz
- University of Washington, Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, USA.
| | - Paula Lozano
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, USA.
| | - Jane Anau
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, USA.
| | - Mary Kay Theis
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, USA.
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13
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Uche UI, Stearns J, Lee K. Capabilities, opportunities, motivations, and practices of different sector professionals working on community environments to improve health. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2024; 115:132-142. [PMID: 37919543 PMCID: PMC10853135 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With rising healthcare costs in Canada from chronic conditions, individual behaviour change interventions in the clinical settings need to be complemented by a determinants of health approach, where multi-sector professionals assist in the creation of healthier community environments. This study sought to gain insights into capabilities, opportunities, motivations, and behaviours (COM-B) of Canadian multi-sector professionals for working together to improve built environments (BE) for health. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 61 multi-sector professionals. A 49-item questionnaire measuring constructs of COM-B for healthy BE practices was administered. RESULTS Public health (PH) professionals were more motivated by personal interest/values in healthy BE and the presence of scientific evidence on BE design health impacts as compared with planning and policy/program development (PPD) professionals. Planning professionals were more likely to be motivated by healthy BE legislation/regulations/codes than PPD professionals. The practice of taking responsibility for the inclusion of healthy features into BE designs was reported more often by planning and other professionals compared to PH professionals. Results trended towards significance for opportunities as a predictor of healthy BE practices among all professionals. CONCLUSION Though motivators vary among different sector professionals, opportunities may be the most important driver of healthy BE practices and potentially a target to improve multi-sector professional practices in Canada. Future research should confirm findings of this first study of professional practice drivers guided by a theoretical behaviour change framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uloma Igara Uche
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Jodie Stearns
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Lee
- Housing for Health, Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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14
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Wiśniewska K, Okręglicka KM, Nitsch-Osuch A, Oczkowski M. Plant-Based Diets and Metabolic Syndrome Components: The Questions That Still Need to Be Answered-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:165. [PMID: 38201994 PMCID: PMC10780839 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the co-occurrence of at least three of the following metabolic disorders: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high blood glucose, and hypertension. The treatment of MetS involves lifestyle changes, including following an appropriate diet. In addition to weight reduction, it is crucial to search for optimal nutritional patterns that are highly effective in optimizing other MetS markers, such as glucose and lipid metabolism, and reducing blood pressure. To date, the effects of a Mediterranean diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on MetS have been extensively evaluated. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that plant-based diets (PBDs) may be effective in treating MetS; however, there is still a lack of experimental data. This review aims to analyze the potential benefits of different PBDs on MetS determinants based on the available studies. The findings may help personalize dietary interventions and improve patient care for those with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Wiśniewska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.O.); (A.N.-O.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Małgorzata Okręglicka
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.O.); (A.N.-O.)
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland; (K.M.O.); (A.N.-O.)
| | - Michał Oczkowski
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159c Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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15
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Kershaw KN, Magnani JW, Diez Roux AV, Camacho-Rivera M, Jackson EA, Johnson AE, Magwood GS, Morgenstern LB, Salinas JJ, Sims M, Mujahid MS. Neighborhoods and Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2024; 17:e000124. [PMID: 38073532 DOI: 10.1161/hcq.0000000000000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The neighborhoods where individuals reside shape environmental exposures, access to resources, and opportunities. The inequitable distribution of resources and opportunities across neighborhoods perpetuates and exacerbates cardiovascular health inequities. Thus, interventions that address the neighborhood environment could reduce the inequitable burden of cardiovascular disease in disenfranchised populations. The objective of this scientific statement is to provide a roadmap illustrating how current knowledge regarding the effects of neighborhoods on cardiovascular disease can be used to develop and implement effective interventions to improve cardiovascular health at the population, health system, community, and individual levels. PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov were used to identify observational studies and interventions examining or targeting neighborhood conditions in relation to cardiovascular health. The scientific statement summarizes how neighborhoods have been incorporated into the actions of health care systems, interventions in community settings, and policies and interventions that involve modifying the neighborhood environment. This scientific statement presents promising findings that can be expanded and implemented more broadly and identifies methodological challenges in designing studies to evaluate important neighborhood-related policies and interventions. Last, this scientific statement offers recommendations for areas that merit further research to promote a deeper understanding of the contributions of neighborhoods to cardiovascular health and health inequities and to stimulate the development of more effective interventions.
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16
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Myers CA. Impact of the Neighborhood Food Environment on Dietary Intake and Obesity: a Review of the Recent Literature. Curr Diab Rep 2023; 23:371-386. [PMID: 38008848 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-023-01529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The built environment impacts obesogenic behaviors and in turn body weight outcomes. This review summarizes recent research demonstrating environmental impacts on dietary intake and obesity with a specific focus on the neighborhood food environment. RECENT FINDINGS In the previous five years, an abundance of reviews and research studies have been undertaken to elucidate how the neighborhood food environment impacts diet and obesity. This includes studies using primary data collection and secondary data analyses in various populations across the globe. Taken together, current research presents mixed evidence on the impact of the neighborhood food environment on both dietary intake and obesity. While there is some evidence that certain features of the neighborhood food environment influence health behaviors and outcomes in particular populations, it is imperative to acknowledge the complexity of how neighborhood features interact and constantly evolve when considering place-based influences on health behaviors and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice A Myers
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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17
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Woo JM, Bookwalter DB, Green GY, Sandler DP. Early life socioeconomic position contributes to adult obesity independent of adult socioeconomic factors: Findings from the sister study cohort. SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101556. [PMID: 38053627 PMCID: PMC10694340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low socioeconomic position (SEP) has been associated with obesity within life stages; however, life course SEP may also alter downstream obesity risk. Research is needed to understand the impact of childhood SEP, independent of adult SEP, as well as SEP trajectories over the life course on adult obesity risk. We use data from the Sister Study, a prospective U.S. cohort of women aged 35-74 years (N = 50,884; enrollment: 2003-2009). Relative risks (RR) for adult obesity associated with childhood SEP (latent variable) and five latent life course SEP profiles were estimated in overall and race and ethnicity-stratified log binomial regression models. We estimated the direct effect of childhood SEP on adult obesity and mediation by adult SEP. Lower childhood SEP was associated with greater obesity risk (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.15-1.17). In stratified models, RRs were elevated across groups though lower for Black and Hispanic/Latina participants, despite greater prevalence of obesity among Black participants. The direct effect of childhood SEP on adult obesity persisted in mediation models independent of adult SEP (RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.08-1.12) with adult SEP mediating approximately 40% of the total effect of childhood SEP on adult obesity. Furthermore, adult obesity risk was elevated for all life course SEP profiles compared to persistent high advantage. Life course SEP profiles indicating greater advantage in adulthood than childhood were not associated with reduced adult obesity risk among those experiencing less than high advantage in childhood. In conclusion, lower childhood SEP, independent of adult SEP, may be an important risk factor for adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M.P. Woo
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | | | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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18
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Vandevijvere S, De Pauw R, Djojosoeparto S, Gorasso V, Guariguata L, Løvhaug AL, Mialon M, Van Dam I, von Philipsborn P. Upstream Determinants of Overweight and Obesity in Europe. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:417-428. [PMID: 37594616 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the upstream determinants of overweight and obesity in Europe, including food and built environments, and political, commercial, and socioeconomic determinants. RECENT FINDINGS Overweight and obesity affect 60% of European adults, and one in three children, and are more common in individuals with low compared to high socioeconomic position (SEP). Individuals in low SEP groups are more exposed to unhealthy built and food environments, including higher exposure to unhealthy food marketing. Industries influencing the food system have much economic power, resulting in ignoring or silencing the role of ultra-processed foods and commercial practices in weight gain. Overall, effective policies to address overweight and obesity have been insufficiently implemented by governments. To accelerate implementation, strengthened political commitment is essential. Policies must also focus on the upstream, structural, and systemic drivers of overweight and obesity; be comprehensive; and target socioeconomic inequalities in diets and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Vandevijvere
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Robby De Pauw
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sanne Djojosoeparto
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Chair Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Gorasso
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonor Guariguata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Lene Løvhaug
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Iris Van Dam
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter von Philipsborn
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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19
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Flanagan EW, Spann R, Berry SE, Berthoud HR, Broyles S, Foster GD, Krakoff J, Loos RJF, Lowe MR, Ostendorf DM, Powell-Wiley TM, Redman LM, Rosenbaum M, Schauer PR, Seeley RJ, Swinburn BA, Hall K, Ravussin E. New insights in the mechanisms of weight-loss maintenance: Summary from a Pennington symposium. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2895-2908. [PMID: 37845825 PMCID: PMC10915908 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that affects more than 650 million adults worldwide. Obesity not only is a significant health concern on its own, but predisposes to cardiometabolic comorbidities, including coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Lifestyle interventions effectively promote weight loss of 5% to 10%, and pharmacological and surgical interventions even more, with some novel approved drugs inducing up to an average of 25% weight loss. Yet, maintaining weight loss over the long-term remains extremely challenging, and subsequent weight gain is typical. The mechanisms underlying weight regain remain to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this Pennington Biomedical Scientific Symposium was to review and highlight the complex interplay between the physiological, behavioral, and environmental systems controlling energy intake and expenditure. Each of these contributions were further discussed in the context of weight-loss maintenance, and systems-level viewpoints were highlighted to interpret gaps in current approaches. The invited speakers built upon the science of obesity and weight loss to collectively propose future research directions that will aid in revealing the complicated mechanisms involved in the weight-reduced state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Redin Spann
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sarah E. Berry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Gary D. Foster
- WW International, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology & Clinical Research Branch, NIDDK-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Irving Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Randy J. Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Boyd A. Swinburn
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Hall
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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20
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Rundle AG, Neckerman KM, Judd SE, Colabianchi N, Moore KA, Quinn JW, Hirsch JA, Lovasi GS. Cumulative Experience of Neighborhood Walkability and Change in Weight and Waist Circumference in REGARDS. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1960-1970. [PMID: 37312569 PMCID: PMC10691194 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neighborhood walkability-features of the built environment that promote pedestrian activity-has been associated with greater physical activity and lower body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2) among neighborhood residents. However, much of the literature has been cross-sectional and only a few cohort studies have assessed neighborhood features throughout follow-up. Using data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study (2003-2016) and a neighborhood walkability index (NWI) measured annually during follow-up, we assessed whether the cumulative experience of neighborhood walkability (NWI-years) predicted BMI and waist circumference after approximately 10 years of follow-up, controlling for these anthropometric measures at enrollment. Analyses were adjusted for individual-level sociodemographic covariates and the cumulative experience of neighborhood poverty rate and neighborhood greenspace coverage. Almost a third (29%) of participants changed address at least once during follow-up. The first change of residence, on average, brought the participants to neighborhoods with higher home values and lower NWI scores than their originating neighborhoods. Compared with those having experienced the lowest quartile of cumulative NWI-years, those who experienced the highest quartile had 0.83 lower BMI (95% confidence interval, -1.5, -0.16) and 1.07-cm smaller waist circumference (95% confidence interval, -1.96, -0.19) at follow-up. These analyses provide additional longitudinal evidence that residential neighborhood features that support pedestrian activity are associated with lower adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Rundle
- Correspondence to Dr. Andrew Rundle, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 (e-mail: )
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21
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Meijer P, Numans H, Lakerveld J. Associations between the neighbourhood food environment and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1840-1850. [PMID: 37499177 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To systematically review the current evidence on the association between the neighbourhood food environment and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched the literature databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for studies published between 1 January 2000 and 1 May 2022. Studies focusing on the indoor home, workplace, or school food environment were excluded. Two independent reviewers screened all records. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias using the shortened QUIPS tool, and relevant data were extracted. We summarized the findings using a narrative synthesis approach. We included 15 studies after screening 5915 original records. Most studies were published in the last 4 years and were predominantly conducted in North American or European countries. These studies focused on fast-food restaurant density in the residential neighbourhood. A higher fast-food restaurant density was most consistently associated with a higher prevalence and incidence of CVD and CVD mortality, but effect sizes were small. Evidence of an association between fast-food restaurant density and myocardial infarction, or stroke was inconsistent. The other aspects of the food environment were density of food service restaurants, unhealthy food outlets, and food access score. However, there was scant evidence for these aspects. CONCLUSION We found evidence for associations between the neighbourhood food environment and CVD, suggesting that a higher fast-food restaurant density is associated with CVD and CVD mortality. Effect sizes were small but important, given the fact that a large population is exposed. Research is needed to assess the effects of other aspects of the food environment. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022317407.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Meijer
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Str6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hidser Numans
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Hoenink JC, Huang Y, Keeble M, Mackenbach JD, Pinho MG, Burgoine T, Adams J. Socioeconomic distribution of food outlet availability through online food delivery services in seven European countries: A cross-sectional study. Health Place 2023; 84:103135. [PMID: 37832327 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This area-level cross-sectional study examined online food outlet availability through the most popular online food delivery service platforms (OFDS) across seven European countries, and explored how this online food outlet availability was socioeconomically distributed. Data collection of online food outlet availability was automated in England, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland. We used a geographic information system to join online food outlet availability to socio-demographic information. Median number of food outlets delivering through OFDS was highest in England and lowest in Italy, Portugal and Spain. We also found that high-income areas have the greatest online food outlet availability in most countries. In England, areas with a middle income had the least online food outlets available and no income data was available for Switzerland. Further work is needed to understand drivers of disparities in online food outlet availability, as well as possible implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody C Hoenink
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands.
| | - Yuru Huang
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Keeble
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Gm Pinho
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Department Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Mori Y, Tsuji T, Watanabe R, Hanazato M, Chen YR, Kondo K. Built Environments and Frailty in Older Adults: The JAGES Longitudinal Study Using Mediation Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1677-1682. [PMID: 37541649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between subjective built environment and the onset of frailty in older adults living in the community. In addition, we examined whether daily walking time, depressive symptoms, and social support from neighbors and friends are mediating factors. DESIGN This was a longitudinal study using prospective cohort data from the 2013 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants included 38,829 older adults who were not frail recruited from 22 cities and towns. METHODS The dependent variable, frailty, was assessed using the Kihon checklist. The explanatory variables were 5 items for the subjective built environment. The mediating variables were walking time of at least 30 minutes per day, a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score of at least 5 points, and social support from neighbors and friends. We performed a causal mediation analysis of mediating effects between each built environment and frailty onset. Furthermore, the proportion of mediation was estimated. RESULTS After 3 years of follow-up, frailty emerged in 2232 adults (6.7%) in 2016. Access to parks and sidewalks, access to fresh food stores, houses or facilities where people feel free to drop in, and fascinating views, or buildings reduced the onset of frailty. Mediators significantly associated with the built environment and onset of frailty were access to parks and sidewalks (walking time: 5.9%, GDS: 22.9%, social support: 5.9%), access to fresh food stores (GDS: 31.9%, social support: 4.0%), hills and steps (GDS: 20.6%), houses or facilities where people feel free to drop in (walking time: 4.0%, GDS 28.0%, social support: 10.4%), and fascinating views, or buildings (walking time: 7.8%, GDS: 42.1%, social support: 12.0%). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We found that walking time, depression, and social support were mediating factors in the relationship between built environment and the onset of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Mori
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hananooka Hospital, Mie, Japan; Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Watanabe
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan; Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Design Research Institute, Chiba University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Ru Chen
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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24
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Yang Y, Lin N, Batcheller Q, Zhou Q, Anderson J, An R. Sentiment Analysis of Tweets on Menu Labeling Regulations in the US. Nutrients 2023; 15:4269. [PMID: 37836553 PMCID: PMC10574510 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Menu labeling regulations in the United States mandate chain restaurants to display calorie information for standard menu items, intending to facilitate healthy dietary choices and address obesity concerns. For this study, we utilized machine learning techniques to conduct a novel sentiment analysis of public opinions regarding menu labeling regulations, drawing on Twitter data from 2008 to 2022. Tweets were collected through a systematic search strategy and annotated as positive, negative, neutral, or news. Our temporal analysis revealed that tweeting peaked around major policy announcements, with a majority categorized as neutral or news-related. The prevalence of news tweets declined after 2017, as neutral views became more common over time. Deep neural network models like RoBERTa achieved strong performance (92% accuracy) in classifying sentiments. Key predictors of tweet sentiments identified by the random forest model included the author's followers and tweeting activity. Despite limitations such as Twitter's demographic biases, our analysis provides unique insights into the evolution of perceptions on the regulations since their inception, including the recent rise in negative sentiment. It underscores social media's utility for continuously monitoring public attitudes to inform health policy development, execution, and refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Yang
- Division of Computational and Data Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | | | - Qianzi Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Jami Anderson
- Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Ruopeng An
- Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
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Wallerich L, Fillol A, Rivadeneyra A, Vandentorren S, Wittwer J, Cambon L. Environment and child well-being: A scoping review of reviews to guide policies. Health Promot Perspect 2023; 13:168-182. [PMID: 37808945 PMCID: PMC10558968 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2023.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acting on social determinants is the most effective, efficient, and fairest strategy to improve population health and health equity. Because of their vulnerability and dependence, children are particularly exposed to the deleterious effects of their living environment. Taking these issues into account in the development of public policies and identifying levers for action are crucial. The objective of this scoping review of reviews is to identify the main environmental determinants on children's health and development, and their mechanisms of effect, to be addressed by public policies. Methods We conducted a scoping review of reviews in accordance with the method developed by Arksey and O'Malley, and Levac and colleagues' methodology advancement and the PRISMA guideline. Inclusion criteria were identified with the PICos (population-phenomena of interest-context-study design) framework. We used the PubMed database and conducted a thematic analyze. Results Forty-seven articles were selected. Their analysis allowed us to identify five categories of interdependent environmental determinants of child health: i) urban design ii) contaminants, iii) parenting environment, iv) social conditions, v) climate change. Together and in a systemic way, they act on the health of the child. Conclusion The review carried out allows us to propose a pragmatic framework for clarifying the effects of the physical, social, and economic environment on children's health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Wallerich
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Mérisp/PHARES, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Fillol
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Mérisp/PHARES, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Ana Rivadeneyra
- Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology and Development, Bordeaux, France
- Equipe PHARes, Bordeaux Population Health, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- French Public Health Agency, F-94415 Saint-Maurice, France
- University of Bordeaux, Centre INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme Wittwer
- University of Bordeaux, Centre INSERM U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Linda Cambon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Mérisp/PHARES, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CIC 1401, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Renner B, Buyken AE, Gedrich K, Lorkowski S, Watzl B, Linseisen J, Daniel H. Perspective: A Conceptual Framework for Adaptive Personalized Nutrition Advice Systems (APNASs). Adv Nutr 2023; 14:983-994. [PMID: 37419418 PMCID: PMC10509404 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly all approaches to personalized nutrition (PN) use information such as the gene variants of individuals to deliver advice that is more beneficial than a generic "1-size-fits-all" recommendation. Despite great enthusiasm and the increased availability of commercial services, thus far, scientific studies have only revealed small to negligible effects on the efficacy and effectiveness of personalized dietary recommendations, even when using genetic or other individual information. In addition, from a public health perspective, scholars are critical of PN because it primarily targets socially privileged groups rather than the general population, thereby potentially widening health inequality. Therefore, in this perspective, we propose to extend current PN approaches by creating adaptive personalized nutrition advice systems (APNASs) that are tailored to the type and timing of personalized advice for individual needs, capacities, and receptivity in real-life food environments. These systems encompass a broadening of current PN goals (i.e., what should be achieved) to incorporate "individual goal preferences" beyond currently advocated biomedical targets (e.g., making sustainable food choices). Moreover, they cover the "personalization processes of behavior change" by providing in situ, "just-in-time" information in real-life environments (how and when to change), which accounts for individual capacities and constraints (e.g., economic resources). Finally, they are concerned with a "participatory dialog between individuals and experts" (e.g., actual or virtual dieticians, nutritionists, and advisors) when setting goals and deriving measures of adaption. Within this framework, emerging digital nutrition ecosystems enable continuous, real-time monitoring, advice, and support in food environments from exposure to consumption. We present this vision of a novel PN framework along with scenarios and arguments that describe its potential to efficiently address individual and population needs and target groups that would benefit most from its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Renner
- Department of Psychology and Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, Psychological Assessment and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Public Health Nutrition, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Kurt Gedrich
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, and Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Ex. Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Ex. School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Hlavin C, Sebastiani RS, Scherer RJ, Kenkre T, Bernardi K, Reed DA, Ahmed B, Courcoulas A. Barriers to Bariatric Surgery: a Mixed Methods Study Investigating Obstacles Between Clinic Contact and Surgery. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2874-2883. [PMID: 37537505 PMCID: PMC10623404 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Populations most affected by obesity are not reflected in the patients who undergo bariatric surgery. Gaps in the referral system have been studied, but there is a lack of literature investigating obstacles patients encounter after first contact with bariatric surgery clinics. We aim to identify patient populations at risk for attrition during bariatric surgery evaluation and determine patient reported barriers to bariatric surgical care. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a single institution, retrospective, mixed methods study from 2012 to 2021 comparing patients who underwent bariatric surgery to those that withdrew. Surveys were performed of patients who withdrew, collecting information on patient knowledge, expectations, and barriers. RESULTS This study included 5982 patients evaluated in bariatric surgery clinic. Those who attained bariatric surgery (38.8%) were more likely to be White (81.2 vs. 75.6%, p<0.001), married (48.5 vs. 44.1%, p=0.004), and employed full time (48.2 vs. 43.8%, p=0.01). They were less likely to live in an area with low income (37.1 vs. 40.7%, p=0.01) or poverty (poverty rate 15.8 vs. 17.4, p<0.001). Of the 280 survey respondents, fear of complications, length of insurance approval process, and wait time between evaluation and surgery were the most reported barriers. CONCLUSION Patients who undergo bariatric surgery were more likely to be White, married, employed full time, and reside in more resourced environments which is not reflective of communities most affected by obesity. The complexity of insurance coverage requirements was a major barrier to bariatric surgery and should be a focus of future healthcare reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie Hlavin
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, F677 Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, A-1305 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Romano S Sebastiani
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Robert J Scherer
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tanya Kenkre
- University of Pittsburgh Epidemiology Data Center, 4420 Bayard Street, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Karla Bernardi
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, F677 Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Douglas A Reed
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, F677 Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bestoun Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, F677 Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Anita Courcoulas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, F677 Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Salvo D, Kepper M, Hunter R, Jáuregui A. Built environment and obesity prevention research: moving from niche to norm. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:631-633. [PMID: 37620061 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salvo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Maura Kepper
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruth Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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29
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Song J, Liang Y, Xu Z, Wu Y, Yan S, Mei L, Sun X, Li Y, Jin X, Yi W, Pan R, Cheng J, Hu W, Su H. Built environment and schizophrenia re-hospitalization risk in China: A cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115816. [PMID: 37003555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Built environment exposure, characterized by ubiquity and changeability, has the potential to be the prospective target of public health policy. However, little research has been conducted to explore its impact on schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the association between built environmentand and schizophrenia rehospitalization by simultaneously considering substantial built environmental exposures. METHODS We recruited eligible schizophrenia patients from Hefei, Anhui Province, China between 2017 and 2019. The main outcome for this study was the time interval until the first recurrent hospital admission occurred within one year after discharge. For each included subject, we estimated the built environment exposures, including population density, walkability, land use mix, green and blue space, public transportation accessibility and road traffic indicator. Lasso (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) analysis was used to select the key variables. Multivariable Cox regression model was applied to obtain hazard ratio (HR) and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Further, we also evaluated the joint effects of built environment characteristics on rehospitalization for schizophrenia by Quantile g-computation model. RESULTS A total of 1564 hospitalized schizophrenia patients were enrolled, with 347 patients (22.2%) had a rehospitalization within one-year after discharge. Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that the re-hospitalization rate for schizophrenia would be higher in areas with a high population density (HR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.04-1.16). Nonetheless, compared to the reference (Q1), participants who lived in a neighborhood with the highest walkability and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) (Q4) had a 76% and 47% lower risk of re-hospitalization within one year (HR:0.24, 95%CI: 0.13-0.45; and 0.53, 95%CI:0.32-0.85), respectively. Moreover, quantile-based g-computation analyses revealed that increased walkability and green space significantly eliminated the adverse effects of population density increases on schizophrenia patients, with a HR ratio of 0.61 (95%CI:0.48,0.79) per one quartile change at the same time. CONCLUSION Our study provides scientific evidence for the significant role of built environment in schizophrenia rehospitalization, suggesting that optimizing the built environment is required in designing and building a healthy city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China; Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Yunfeng Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Lu Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Xiaoni Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, No.81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
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Stappers NEH, Bekker MPM, Jansen MWJ, Kremers SPJ, de Vries NK, Schipperijn J, Van Kann DHH. Effects of major urban redesign on sedentary behavior, physical activity, active transport and health-related quality of life in adults. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1157. [PMID: 37322454 PMCID: PMC10267553 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The built environment is increasingly recognized as a determinant for health and health behaviors. Existing evidence regarding the relationship between environment and health (behaviors) is varying in significance and magnitude, and more high-quality longitudinal studies are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a major urban redesign project on physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), active transport (AT), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), social activities (SA) and meaningfulness, at 29-39 months after opening of the reconstructed area. METHODS PA and AT were measured using accelerometers and GPS loggers. HRQOL and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using questionnaires. In total, 241 participants provided valid data at baseline and follow-up. We distinguished three groups, based on proximity to the intervention area: maximal exposure group, minimal exposure group and no exposure group. RESULTS Both the maximal and minimal exposure groups showed significantly different trends regarding transport-based PA levels compared to the no exposure group. In the exposure groups SB decreased, while it increased in the no exposure group. Also, transport-based light intensity PA remained stable in the exposure groups, while it significantly decreased in the no exposure group. No intervention effects were found for total daily PA levels. Scores on SA and meaningfulness increased in the maximal exposure group and decreased in the minimal and no exposure group, but changes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The results of this study emphasize the potential of the built environment in changing SB and highlights the relevance of longer-term follow-up measurements to explore the full potential of urban redesign projects. TRIAL REGISTRATION This research was retrospectively registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NL8108).
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Affiliation(s)
- N E H Stappers
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6229HA, The Netherlands.
| | - M P M Bekker
- Center for Space, Place and Society, Social Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M W J Jansen
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Center for Public Health, Public Health Service South-Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - S P J Kremers
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6229HA, The Netherlands
| | - N K de Vries
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6229HA, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Schipperijn
- Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - D H H Van Kann
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6229HA, The Netherlands
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Coutinho SR, Andersen OK, Lien N, Gebremariam MK. Neighborhood deprivation, built environment, and overweight in adolescents in the city of Oslo. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:812. [PMID: 37138266 PMCID: PMC10155174 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though the social and built environment characteristics of neighborhoods have been studied as potential determinants of social inequalities in obesity among adults, fewer studies have focused on children. Our first aim was to investigate whether there were differences in the food and physical activity environments between different neighborhood deprivation levels in the city of Oslo. We also explored whether there was an association between the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) among adolescents and (i) neighborhood deprivation levels and (ii) food and physical activity environments of the neighborhoods they live in. METHODS We conducted a food and physical activity environment mapping (using ArcGIS Pro) in all neighborhoods of Oslo, which were defined by administrative boundaries (sub-districts). The neighborhood deprivation score was calculated based on the percentage of households living in poverty, unemployment in the neighborhood, and residents with low education. A cross-sectional study including 802 seventh graders from 28 primary schools in Oslo residing in 75 out of 97 sub-districts in Oslo was also performed. MANCOVA and partial correlations were ran to compare the built environment distribution between different neighborhood deprivation levels, and multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to explore the effect of neighborhood deprivation and the food and physical activity environments on childhood overweight. RESULTS We found that deprived neighborhoods had greater availability of fast food restaurants and fewer indoor recreational facilities compared to low-deprived neighborhoods. Additionally, we observed that the residential neighborhoods of the adolescents with overweight had greater availability of grocery and convenience stores when compared to the residential neighborhoods of the adolescents without overweight. Adolescents living in neighborhoods with high deprivation had a two-fold higher odds (95% CI = 1.1-3.8) to have overweight compared to adolescents living in neighborhoods with low deprivation, regardless of participants' ethnicity and parental education. However, the built environment did not determine the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and overweight in adolescents. CONCLUSION The neighborhoods in Oslo with higher deprivation levels had more obesogenic characteristics than the low-deprived neighborhoods. Adolescents living in high-deprived neighborhoods were more likely to have overweight than their counterparts from low-deprived neighborhoods. Thus, preventive measures targeting adolescents from high-deprived neighborhoods should be put in place in order to reduce incidence of overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nanna Lien
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mekdes K Gebremariam
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Baez AS, Ortiz-Whittingham LR, Tarfa H, Osei Baah F, Thompson K, Baumer Y, Powell-Wiley TM. Social determinants of health, health disparities, and adiposity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 78:17-26. [PMID: 37178992 PMCID: PMC10330861 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDoH), or the socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial conditions in which individuals spend their daily lives, substantially influence obesity as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the converging epidemics of obesity, CVD, and social inequities globally. Obesity and CVD serve as independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and lower-resourced populations most impacted by adverse SDoH have the highest COVID-19 mortality rates. Better understanding the interplay between social and biologic factors that contribute to obesity-related CVD disparities are important to equitably address obesity across populations. Despite efforts to investigate SDoH and their biologic effects as drivers of health disparities, the connections between SDoH and obesity remain incompletely understood. This review aims to highlight the relationships between socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial factors and obesity. We also present potential biologic factors that may play a role in the biology of adversity, or link SDoH to adiposity and poor adipo-cardiology outcomes. Finally, we provide evidence for multi-level obesity interventions targeting multiple aspects of SDoH. Throughout, we emphasize areas for future research to tailor health equity-promoting interventions across populations to reduce obesity and obesity-related CVD disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Baez
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Lola R Ortiz-Whittingham
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Hannatu Tarfa
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Foster Osei Baah
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Keitra Thompson
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ghazaryan A, Carlson AC, Rhone A, Roy K. Association Between County-Level Food Retail and Socioeconomic Environment and Nutritional Quality of Household Food Purchases, 2015. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:796-808. [PMID: 37096644 PMCID: PMC10848244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 40 million Americans do not have easy access to affordable nutritious foods. Healthier foods are less likely to be available to those living in rural and/or lower-income communities. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the association between nutritional quality of household food purchases and county-level food retail environment; county-level demographic, health, and socioeconomic indicators; and household composition, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic characteristics. DESIGN This study is a secondary analysis of the 2015 Information Resources Inc Consumer Network panel; Purchase-to-Plate Crosswalk, which links US Department of Agriculture nutrition databases to Information Resources Inc scanner data; County Health Rankings; and the Food Environment Atlas data. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS A total of 63,285 households, representative of the contiguous US population, consistently provided food purchase scanner data from retail stores throughout 2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Nutritional quality of retail food purchases was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to simultaneously test the relationship between the main outcome and household-level demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as the county-level demographic, health, socioeconomic, and retail food environment. RESULTS Household heads who had higher education and households with higher incomes purchased food of better nutritional quality (ie, higher HEI-2015 scores). Also, the association between retail food purchase HEI-2015 scores and the food environment was weak. Higher density of convenience stores was associated with lower retail food purchase nutritional quality for higher-income households and households living in urban counties, whereas low-income households in counties with higher specialty (including ethnic) store density purchased higher nutritional quality food. Both in the full sample and when stratified by household income or county rural vs urban status, no association was found between grocery store, supercenters, fast-food outlets, and full-service restaurant densities and retail food purchase HEI-2015 scores. HEI-2015 scores were negatively correlated with the county average number of mental health days for higher income and urban households. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that availability of healthier food alone may not improve healthfulness of retail food purchases. Future studies examining the influence of demand-side factors/interventions, such as habits, cultural preferences, nutrition education, and cost/affordability, on household purchasing patterns could provide complementary evidence to inform effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Ghazaryan
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia.
| | - Andrea C Carlson
- Food Economics Division, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC
| | - Alana Rhone
- Food Economics Division, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC
| | - Kakoli Roy
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia
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Prados MJ, Nicosia N, Datar A. Impact of built, social, and economic environments on adolescent obesity and related health behaviors. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1085-1094. [PMID: 36942421 PMCID: PMC10034597 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the effects of the built, social, and economic environments on adolescent obesity and related behaviors. METHODS Exploiting quasi-exogenous variation in military families' geographic location, this study estimated intent-to-treat models of the association between the assigned installation's county environments and adolescents' (mean age 13.5 years) self-reported and model-corrected BMI, overweight or obesity status, and self-reported diet and exercise. Three indices for the built, social, and economic environments characterized county-level environments (higher value implies more advantageous environments) based on 19 indicators. Multivariate linear and logistic models were estimated on the full sample (N = 1111) and on subsamples with greater exposure based on time (n = 682) and off-installation residence (n = 604). RESULTS Exposure to more advantageous built environments for more than 2 years was associated with lower probabilities of obesity (-0.18; 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.026) and overweight or obesity (-0.34; 95% CI: -0.56 to -0.12) and was associated with lower BMI z scores (-0.76; 95% CI: -1.45 to -0.02). Results for adolescents living off-installation were similar. More advantageous built environments were also associated with lower consumption of unhealthy foods, but not with physical activity. Social and economic environments were not associated with any outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The built environment, but not social and economic environments, was a strong predictor of adolescents' BMI, overweight or obesity status, and eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Prados
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ashlesha Datar
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Stearns JA, Avedzi HM, Yim D, Spence JC, Labbaf F, Lamboglia CG, Ko F, Farmer C, Lytvyak E, Kennedy M, Kim YB, Ren H, Lee KK. An Umbrella Review of the Best and Most Up-to-Date Evidence on the Built Environment and Physical Activity in Older Adults ≥60 Years. Public Health Rev 2023; 44:1605474. [PMID: 36968807 PMCID: PMC10037345 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2023.1605474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To present the best and most up-to-date evidence on associations between built environment (BE) attributes and overall and specific domains of physical activity (PA) (i.e., leisure, transport, walking, and cycling) in older adults (≥60 years).Methods: An umbrella review was undertaken to compile evidence from systematic reviews using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A comprehensive search (updated 16 August 2022), inclusion/exclusion of articles via title/abstract and full-text reviews, data extraction, and critical appraisal were completed. Only reviews with a good critical appraisal score were included.Results: Across three included systematic reviews, each BE attribute category was positively associated with ≥1 PA outcome. A larger number of significant associations with BE attributes were reported for transport walking (13/26), total walking (10/25), and total PA (9/26), compared to leisure walking (4/34) and transport cycling (3/12). Fewer associations have been examined for leisure cycling (1/2).Conclusion: Although the causality of findings cannot be concluded due to most primary studies being cross-sectional, these best and most up-to-date findings can guide necessary future longitudinal and experimental studies for the (re)design of age-friendly communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie A. Stearns
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jodie A. Stearns,
| | - Hayford M Avedzi
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Desmond Yim
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John C. Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Farshad Labbaf
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Carminda G. Lamboglia
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Fiona Ko
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ciara Farmer
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ellina Lytvyak
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Megan Kennedy
- University of Alberta Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yeong-Bae Kim
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hui Ren
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen K. Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Longitudinal association between density of retail food stores and body mass index in Mexican school children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:365-374. [PMID: 36792910 PMCID: PMC10147568 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is rapidly increasing in Mexican children and adolescents, while food environments are rapidly changing. We evaluated the association between changes in retail food stores and change in body mass index (BMI) in Mexican children and adolescents. METHODS Data on 7507 participants aged 5-19 years old came from the Mexican Family Life Survey 2002-2012. Density of food stores at the municipal-level (number of food stores/area in km2) came from the Economic Censuses of 1999, 2004 and 2009. We categorized food stores as small food retail (small neighborhood stores, tiendas de abarrotes in Mexico), specialty foods, fruit/vegetables, convenience foods, and supermarkets. Associations between change in food stores and change in BMI were estimated using five longitudinal linear fixed-effects regression models (one per type of food store) adjusted for age, parental education, municipal-level socioeconomic deprivation and population density. Density of each food store type was operationalized as quartiles. Analyses were stratified by urbanization. RESULTS There was an inverse dose-response association between increases in fruit/vegetable store density and BMI (β = -0.455 kg/m2, β = -0.733 kg/m2, and β = -0.838 kg/m2 in the second, third, and fourth quartile). In non-urban areas, children living in municipalities with the highest density of small food retail stores experienced a reduction in BMI (β = -0.840 kg/m2). In urban areas, there was an inverse association between specialty food stores with BMI (β = -0.789 kg/m2 in third quartile, and β = -1.204 kg/m2 in fourth quartile). We observed dynamic associations with age; results suggested stronger associations in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The availability of fruit/vegetable stores may influence a reduction in children and adolescents BMI. These results indicate that policy approaches could be tailored by type of food store - with some consideration for level of urbanization and children's age.
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Examining activity-friendly neighborhoods in the Norwegian context: green space and walkability in relation to physical activity and the moderating role of perceived safety. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:259. [PMID: 36747160 PMCID: PMC9903513 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-known health benefits of regular physical activity, inactivity remains a major public health concern. Understanding how the built environment can encourage physical activity is therefore important to inform current policy strategies for creating activity-friendly neighborhoods. This study aimed to examine whether neighborhood walkability and greenness were associated with physical activity, and if perceived safety moderated any such relations, among adult citizens in Norway. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a sample of 5670 adults aged ≥ 18 years living in urban areas of Stavanger. Information on physical activity (PA) levels, perceived neighborhood safety, and socio-demography were obtained from questionnaire data collected in the Norwegian county public health survey of Rogaland. Geographic information systems were utilized to compute walkability, vegetation scores and proportion of green space within postcode areas, which subsequently were linked to the survey data. Hierarchical linear regression models were fitted to examine associations between walkability, amount of vegetation, proportion of green space and weekly minutes of PA, and to estimate main and interaction effects of perceived safety on these relationships. RESULTS The adults were on average physically active 148.3 min/week. The amount of green vegetation in the neighborhood was positively related to physical activity when adjusting for potential confounders. No such relations were observed for proportion of green space and walkability. Perceived neighborhood safety was significantly related to increased levels of physical activity, but no moderating role of perceived safety was observed. CONCLUSION Although our findings should be interpreted with caution, the results point towards the importance of policymakers, planners, and public health professionals to advocate for safe environments with green vegetation for physical activity in the neighborhood.
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Factors associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among Burmese refugees. Public Health Nutr 2023:1-7. [PMID: 36740943 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Burmese population is one of the fast-growing refugee populations in the USA. This study investigated behavioural and environmental factors associated with fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption among Burmese refugees. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional interview survey in 2018-2019. The 24-h recall was used to assess dietary behaviour. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed with meeting the daily FV consumption recommendation (two or more servings of fruits and three or more servings of vegetables) as the outcome variable. We selected socio-economics, nutritional knowledge, food shopping frequency, ethnicity of preferred food store owners, perceived neighbourhood food environment and network distance to preferred food stores as potential explanatory variables. SETTING Two Upstate New York counties. PARTICIPANTS Burmese refugees (n 173) aged ≥18 years. RESULTS Forty-five percentage of respondents met the daily FV consumption recommendation, and nearly all respondents identified ethnic (Burmese, Chinese/pan-Asian, or South Asian/halal) stores as their preferred stores to purchase FV. In the best-fit model, age (OR 1·08, 95 % CI (1·04, 1·12)) and shopping frequency (OR 1·51, 95 % CI (1·01, 2·26)) were positively associated, and network distance to preferred stores in kilometres (OR 0·81, 95 % CI (0·73, 0·90)) was negatively associated with meeting the daily FV consumption recommendation. No significant effect modifications by car ownership, poverty, length of stay in the USA and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation were detected. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that having Asian ethnic food stores within a short, walkable distance from home and shopping at these stores often can promote healthy dietary behaviour among Burmese refugees.
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Consistent and changing consumption of fast-food and full-service meals and 3-year weight change in a large population cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:392-401. [PMID: 36811570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An average American consumes 3 meals weekly from fast-food or full-service restaurants, which contain more calories, fat, sodium, and cholesterol than meals prepared at home. OBJECTIVES This study examined whether consistent and changing fast-food or full-service consumption was associated with weight change over a 3-y period. METHODS Among 98,589 US adults from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-3, self-reported weight and fast-food and full-service consumption from 2015 and 2018 were examined using a multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis to assess the association of consistent and changing consumption on 3-y weight change. RESULTS Individuals who made no changes to their fast-food or full-service intake over the study period gained weight regardless of consumption frequency, although low consumers gained less weight than high consumers (low fast-food: β = -1.08; 95% CI: -1.22, -0.93; low full-service: β = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.21; P < 0.001). Decreased fast-food intake during the study period (e.g., from high [>1 meal/wk] to low [≤0.5 meal/wk], high to medium [>0.5 to ≤1 meal/wk], or medium to low) and decreased full-service intake from high (≥1 meal/wk) to low (<1 meal/mo) were significantly associated with weight loss (high-low: β = -2.77; 95% CI: -3.23, -2.31; high-medium: β = -1.53; 95% CI: -1.72, -1.33; medium-low: β = -0.85; 95% CI: -1.06, -0.63; high-low full-service: β = -0.92; 95% CI: -1.36, -0.49; P < 0.001). Decreased consumption of both fast-food and full-service restaurant meals was associated with greater weight loss than decreasing fast-food alone (both: β = -1.65; 95% CI: -1.82, -1.37; fast-food only: β = -0.95; 95% CI: -1.12, -0.79; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Decreased consumption of fast-food and full-service meals over 3 y, particularly among high consumers at baseline, was associated with weight loss and may be an effective approach to weight loss. Moreover, decreasing both fast-food and full-service meal consumption was associated with a greater weight loss than decreasing only fast-food meal consumption.
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Appelhans BM. The Cognitive Burden of Poverty: A Mechanism of Socioeconomic Health Disparities. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:293-297. [PMID: 36180316 PMCID: PMC10176429 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Appelhans
- From the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Carroll SJ, Dale MJ, Turrell G. Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and body size in Australia's capital cities: The contribution of obesogenic environments. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280223. [PMID: 36662685 PMCID: PMC9858776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods have higher rates of overweight and obesity and chronic disease than their counterparts from advantaged neighbourhoods. This study assessed whether associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, are accounted for by obesogenic environments (i.e., residential distance to the Central Business District [CBD], supermarket availability, access to walkable destinations). The study used 2017-18 National Health Survey data for working-aged adults (aged ≥18 years, n = 9,367) residing in 3,454 neighbourhoods across Australia's state and territory capital cities. In five of eight cities (i.e., Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth) residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods had significantly higher BMI and a larger waist circumference than residents of more advantaged areas. There was no association between neighbourhood disadvantage and body size in Hobart, Darwin, and Canberra. Associations between neighbourhood disadvantage and body size were partially explained by neighbourhood differences in distance to the CBD but not supermarket availability or walkable amenities. The results of this study point to the role of urban design and city planning as mechanisms for addressing social and economic inequities in Australia's capital cities, and as solutions to this country's overweight and obesity epidemic and associated rising rates of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J. Carroll
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital City, Australia
| | - Michael J. Dale
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital City, Australia
| | - Gavin Turrell
- Australian Geospatial Health Laboratory, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital City, Australia
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Zhou RZ, Hu Y, Tirabassi JN, Ma Y, Xu Z. Deriving neighborhood-level diet and physical activity measurements from anonymized mobile phone location data for enhancing obesity estimation. Int J Health Geogr 2022; 21:22. [PMID: 36585658 PMCID: PMC9801358 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-022-00321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a serious public health problem. Existing research has shown a strong association between obesity and an individual's diet and physical activity. If we extend such an association to the neighborhood level, information about the diet and physical activity of the residents of a neighborhood may improve the estimate of neighborhood-level obesity prevalence and help identify the neighborhoods that are more likely to suffer from obesity. However, it is challenging to measure neighborhood-level diet and physical activity through surveys and interviews, especially for a large geographic area. METHODS We propose a method for deriving neighborhood-level diet and physical activity measurements from anonymized mobile phone location data, and examine the extent to which the derived measurements can enhance obesity estimation, in addition to the socioeconomic and demographic variables typically used in the literature. We conduct case studies in three different U.S. cities, which are New York City, Los Angeles, and Buffalo, using anonymized mobile phone location data from the company SafeGraph. We employ five different statistical and machine learning models to test the potential enhancement brought by the derived measurements for obesity estimation. RESULTS We find that it is feasible to derive neighborhood-level diet and physical activity measurements from anonymized mobile phone location data. The derived measurements provide only a small enhancement for obesity estimation, compared with using a comprehensive set of socioeconomic and demographic variables. However, using these derived measurements alone can achieve a moderate accuracy for obesity estimation, and they may provide a stronger enhancement when comprehensive socioeconomic and demographic data are not available (e.g., in some developing countries). From a methodological perspective, spatially explicit models overall perform better than non-spatial models for neighborhood-level obesity estimation. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed method can be used for deriving neighborhood-level diet and physical activity measurements from anonymized mobile phone data. The derived measurements can enhance obesity estimation, and can be especially useful when comprehensive socioeconomic and demographic data are not available. In addition, these derived measurements can be used to study obesity-related health behaviors, such as visit frequency of neighborhood residents to fast-food restaurants, and to identify primary places contributing to obesity-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Zhenqi Zhou
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887GeoAI Lab, Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Yingjie Hu
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887GeoAI Lab, Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Jill N. Tirabassi
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Yue Ma
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887GeoAI Lab, Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Zhen Xu
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037 China
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Adise S, Marshall AT, Kan E, Sowell ER. Access to quality health resources and environmental toxins affect the relationship between brain structure and BMI in a sample of pre and early adolescents. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1061049. [PMID: 36589997 PMCID: PMC9797683 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental resources are related to childhood obesity risk and altered brain development, but whether these relationships are stable or if they have sustained impact is unknown. Here, we utilized a multidimensional index of childhood neighborhood conditions to compare the influence of various social and environmental disparities (SED) on body mass index (BMI)-brain relationships over a 2-year period in early adolescence. Methods Data were gathered the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® (n = 2,970, 49.8% female, 69.1% White, no siblings). Structure magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), anthropometrics, and demographic information were collected at baseline (9/10-years-old) and the 2-year-follow-up (11/12-years-old). Region of interest (ROIs; 68 cortical, 18 subcortical) estimates of cortical thickness and subcortical volume were extracted from sMRI T1w images using the Desikan atlas. Residential addresses at baseline were used to obtain geocoded estimates of SEDs from 3 domains of childhood opportunity index (COI): healthy environment (COIHE), social/economic (COISE), and education (COIED). Nested, random-effects mixed models were conducted to evaluate relationships of BMI with (1) ROI * COI[domain] and (2) ROI * COI[domain] * Time. Models controlled for sex, race, ethnicity, puberty, and the other two COI domains of non-interest, allowing us to estimate the unique variance explained by each domain and its interaction with ROI and time. Results Youth living in areas with lower COISE and COIED scores were heavier at the 2-year follow-up than baseline and exhibited greater thinning in the bilateral occipital cortex between visits. Lower COISE scores corresponded with larger volume of the bilateral caudate and greater BMI at the 2-year follow-up. COIHE scores showed the greatest associations (n = 20 ROIs) with brain-BMI relationships: youth living in areas with lower COIHE had thinner cortices in prefrontal regions and larger volumes of the left pallidum and Ventral DC. Time did not moderate the COIHE x ROI interaction for any brain region during the examined 2-year period. Findings were independent of family income (i.e., income-to-needs). Conclusion Collectively our findings demonstrate that neighborhood SEDs for health-promoting resources play a particularly important role in moderating relationships between brain and BMI in early adolescence regardless of family-level financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Adise
- Division of Pediatric Research Administration, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew T. Marshall
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric Kan
- Division of Pediatric Research Administration, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Sowell
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Wolgast H, Halverson MM, Kennedy N, Gallard I, Karpyn A. Encouraging Healthier Food and Beverage Purchasing and Consumption: A Review of Interventions within Grocery Retail Settings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16107. [PMID: 36498181 PMCID: PMC9737366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review identifies the most promising intervention strategies for promoting the purchase and consumption of healthier items within U.S. grocery retail settings, with a particular focus on those strategies that may be most effective when implemented within SNAP-authorized retail settings. Searches of nine electronic databases, as well as forward and backward searches, yielded 1942 studies. After being screened, 73 peer-reviewed academic articles were identified for inclusion. Of these, 33 analyzed single-component interventions, while 40 assessed multi-component interventions. The following unique intervention types were considered as evaluated in these studies for their ability to increase healthy item purchasing and consumption: (1) nutrition scoring, (2) nutritional messaging, (3) non-nutritional messaging, (4) endcaps and secondary placement, (5) point-of-sale interventions, (6) increased stocking, (7) food tasting and demonstrations, (8) nutrition education, and (9) placement on shelf interventions. Nutritional scoring and nutritional messaging emerged as the most rigorously tested and effective intervention strategies. Other strategies warrant more research attention. Simple intervention strategies, as opposed to complex ones, yield the most successful results and minimize shopper burden. Therefore, these strategies should be reviewed for policy implementation within SNAP-authorized grocery retailers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Wolgast
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - McKenna M. Halverson
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Nicole Kennedy
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Allison Karpyn
- Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Dixon BN, Hong YR, Perri MG, Allen A, Aufmuth J, Ross KM. Access to Food and Physical Activity Environment Resources in Rural Communities: Impact of Using Driving Time Versus Physical Distance Indicators. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2022; 27:101521. [PMID: 37982034 PMCID: PMC10655550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2022.101521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittney N. Dixon
- Department of Health Services Research, Management & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Young-Rock Hong
- Department of Health Services Research, Management & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael G. Perri
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Acquel Allen
- Department of Health Services Research, Management & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Joe Aufmuth
- Marston Science Library, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kathryn M. Ross
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Kanning M, Bollenbach L, Schmitz J, Niermann C, Fina S. Analyzing Person-Place Interactions During Walking Episodes: Innovative Ambulatory Assessment Approach of Walking-Triggered e-Diaries. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e39322. [PMID: 36427231 PMCID: PMC9736755 DOI: 10.2196/39322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking behavior is positively associated with physiological and mental health as much evidence has already shown. Walking is also becoming a critical issue for health promotion in urban environments as it is the most often used form of active mobility and helps to replace carbon dioxide emissions from motorized forms of transport. It therefore contributes to mitigate the negative effects of climate change and heat islands within cities. However, to promote walking among urban dwellers and to utilize its health-enhancing potential, we need to know more about the way in which physical and social environments shape individual experiences during walking episodes. Such person-place interactions could not adequately be analyzed in former studies owing to methodological constraints. OBJECTIVE This study introduces walking-triggered e-diaries as an innovative ambulatory assessment approach for time-varying associations, and investigates its accuracy with 2 different validation strategies. METHODS The walking trigger consists of a combination of movement acceleration via an accelerometer and mobile positioning of the cellphone via GPS and transmission towers to track walking activities. The trigger starts an e-diary whenever a movement acceleration exceeds a predetermined threshold and participants' locations are identified as nonstationary outside a predefined place of residence. Every 420 (±300) seconds, repeated e-diaries were prompted as long as the trigger conditions were met. Data were assessed on 10 consecutive days. First, to investigate accuracy, we reconstructed walking routes and calculated a percentage score for all triggered prompts in relation to all walking routes where a prompt could have been triggered. Then, to provide data about its specificity, we used momentary self-reports and objectively assessed movement behavior to describe activity levels before the trigger prompted an e-diary. RESULTS Data of 67 participants could be analyzed and the walking trigger led to 3283 e-diary prompts, from which 2258 (68.8%) were answered. Regarding accuracy, the walking trigger prompted an e-diary on 732 of 842 (86.9%) reconstructed walking routes. Further, in 838 of 1206 (69.5%) triggered e-diaries, participants self-reported that they were currently walking outdoors. Steps and acceleration movement was higher during these self-reported walking episodes than when participants denied walking outdoors (steps: 106 vs 32; acceleration>0.2 g in 58.4% vs 19% of these situations). CONCLUSIONS Accuracy analysis revealed that walking-triggered e-diaries are suitable to collect different data of individuals' current experiences in situations in which a person walks outdoors. Combined with environmental data, such an approach increases knowledge about person-place interactions and provides the possibility to gain knowledge about user preferences for health-enhancing urban environments. From a methodological viewpoint, however, specificity analysis showed how changes in trigger conditions (eg, increasing the threshold for movement acceleration) lead to changes in accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kanning
- Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lukas Bollenbach
- Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christina Niermann
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fina
- Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Dietary Intake and the Neighbourhood Environment in the BC Generations Project. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224882. [PMID: 36432566 PMCID: PMC9695357 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor diet is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases including cancer. Understanding broader contextual factors that influence dietary intake is important for making tangible progress towards improving diet at the population level. This study investigated neighbourhood social and built environment factors and fruit and vegetable intake among ~28,000 adults aged 35−69 years within the BC Generations Project. Daily fruit and vegetable intake was categorized according to guidelines (≥5 servings/day vs. <5 servings/day). Geospatial characteristics included walkability, greenness, marginalization, and material and social deprivation, reflecting access to goods and amenities and social relationships. Generalized, linear mixed-effect models adjusted for sociodemographic factors and lifestyle variables were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs). Participants living in neighbourhoods with greater material deprivation (e.g., OR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.70−0.86 for very high material deprivation) and very high social deprivation (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82−0.99) were less likely to meet recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption relative to those living in areas with very low material deprivation and very low social deprivation, respectively. Relative to participants living in areas with very low greenness, participants living in neighbourhoods with high (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01−1.20) to very high (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.01−1.21) greenness were more likely to meet recommendations for fruits and vegetables. These findings highlight the complexity of dietary intake which may be shaped by multiple neighbourhood characteristics.
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Lee DE, Kim K. Regional Difference in the Effect of Food Accessibility and Affordability on Vegetable and Fruit Acquisition and Healthy Eating Behaviors for Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14973. [PMID: 36429690 PMCID: PMC9690073 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The food environment has been determined to affect a range of healthy eating and health indicators, but the study on the regional difference of food environment effects on these outcomes is limited. This study aimed to examine whether food environment factors influence vegetable and fruit acquisition and healthy eating behaviors in urban and rural areas using a nationwide dataset. The study participants were community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older (n = 830) who participated in the 2019 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food provided by the Korea Rural Economic Institute. Food environment factors were assessed using questionnaires measuring perceived food accessibility and affordability. The negative perceptions of food environment were related to lower vegetable and fruit acquisitions and poor healthy eating behaviors. The higher risks of low vegetable and fruit acquisitions in older rural adults were related to a negative perception of food accessibility only (odds ratio [OR]: 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27-4.32 for vegetable; OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.02-3.75 for fruit). For older urban adults, negative perceptions of both food accessibility and food affordability were related to the increased risk of low vegetable acquisition (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.07-3.83 for food accessibility; OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.26-5.04 for food affordability). In terms of healthy eating behaviors, for those who perceived that either food accessibility or affordability was poor, older urban adults were less likely to have various and healthy food eating behaviors when they had a negative perception of affordability (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25-0.90 for variety; OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.46 for eating healthy foods); however, older rural adults were less likely to have the behaviors when they had a negative perception of accessibility (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.21-0.97 for variety; OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13-0.63 for eating healthy foods). In conclusion, the negative perceptions of food accessibility and affordability were related to low vegetable acquisition and poor healthy eating behaviors. The effects of food accessibility and affordability on vegetable and fruit acquisitions and healthy eating behaviors were different between urban and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirang Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-550-3472; Fax: +82-41-559-7955
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Chandrabose M, den Braver NR, Owen N, Sugiyama T, Hadgraft N. Built Environments and Cardiovascular Health: REVIEW AND IMPLICATIONS. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2022; 42:416-422. [PMID: 36342684 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review presents a general overview of the state of evidence on the relationships between neighborhood built environments and cardiovascular health outcomes among adults. We also summarize relevant literature on the associations of built environments with active living behaviors (physical activity [PA] and sedentary behavior), as they are considered as key behavioral pathways. REVIEW METHODS We identified recently published systematic reviews assessing associations of built environment attributes with cardiovascular health outcomes or active living behaviors. We summarized findings of the key systematic reviews and presented findings of pertinent empirical studies, where appropriate. SUMMARY Increasing evidence suggests that living in a place supportive of engaging in PA for transportation (eg, walkability features) and recreation (eg, parks) can be protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Places conducive to higher levels of sedentary travel (ie, prolonged sitting in cars) may have adverse effects on cardiovascular health. The built environment of where people live can affect how active they are and subsequently their cardiovascular health. Clinical professionals are encouraged to consider the built environment features of where their patients live in counseling, as this may assist them to understand potential opportunities or barriers to active living and to propose a suitable CVD prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Chandrabose
- Healthy Cities Research Group, Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia (Drs Chandrabose, Owen, Sugiyama, and Hadgraft); Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (Drs Chandrabose, Owen, Sugiyama, and Hadgraft); and Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Upstream Team, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Dr den Braver)
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Pedrick-Case R, Bailey R, Beck B, Beesley B, Boruff B, Brophy S, Cross D, Dhamrait G, Duncan J, Gething P, Johnson RD, Lyons RA, Mizen A, Murray K, Pouliou T, Rafferty J, Robinson T, Rosenberg M, Schipperijn J, Thompson DA, Trost SG, Watkins A, Stratton G, Fry R, Christian H, Griffiths LJ. Built Environments And Child Health in WalEs and AuStralia (BEACHES): a study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061978. [PMID: 36283749 PMCID: PMC9608521 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity and physical inactivity are two of the most significant modifiable risk factors for the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Yet, a third of children in Wales and Australia are overweight or obese, and only 20% of UK and Australian children are sufficiently active. The purpose of the Built Environments And Child Health in WalEs and AuStralia (BEACHES) study is to identify and understand how complex and interacting factors in the built environment influence modifiable risk factors for NCDs across childhood. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an observational study using data from five established cohorts from Wales and Australia: (1) Wales Electronic Cohort for Children; (2) Millennium Cohort Study; (3) PLAY Spaces and Environments for Children's Physical Activity study; (4) The ORIGINS Project; and (5) Growing Up in Australia: the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. The study will incorporate a comprehensive suite of longitudinal quantitative data (surveys, anthropometry, accelerometry, and Geographic Information Systems data) to understand how the built environment influences children's modifiable risk factors for NCDs (body mass index, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diet). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has received the following approvals: University of Western Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (2020/ET000353), Ramsay Human Research Ethics Committee (under review) and Swansea University Information Governance Review Panel (Project ID: 1001). Findings will be reported to the following: (1) funding bodies, research institutes and hospitals supporting the BEACHES project; (2) parents and children; (3) school management teams; (4) existing and new industry partner networks; (5) federal, state and local governments to inform policy; as well as (6) presented at local, national and international conferences; and (7) disseminated by peer-reviewed publications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rowena Bailey
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Ben Beck
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bridget Beesley
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bryan Boruff
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sinead Brophy
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Donna Cross
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gursimran Dhamrait
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Duncan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Gething
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rhodri D Johnson
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Ronan A Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Amy Mizen
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Theodora Pouliou
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - James Rafferty
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Trina Robinson
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel A Thompson
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Stewart G Trost
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan Watkins
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Gareth Stratton
- Research Centre in Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Richard Fry
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Hayley Christian
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lucy J Griffiths
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
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