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Jalanko P, Bond B, Laukkanen JA, Brage S, Ekelund U, Laitinen T, Määttä S, Kähönen M, Haapala EA, Lakka TA. Association between arterial health and cognition in adolescents: The PANIC study. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16024. [PMID: 38697946 PMCID: PMC11065692 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the associations of the measures of arterial health with cognition in adolescents and whether physical activity (PA) or sedentary time (ST) confounds these associations. One hundred sixteen adolescents (71 boys) aged 15.9 ± 0.4 participated in the study. PA and ST were assessed using a combined accelerometer/heart rate monitor. Overall cognition was computed from the results of psychomotor function, attention, working memory, and paired-associate learning tests. Pulse wave velocity was measured by impedance cardiography, carotid intima-media thickness, and carotid artery distensibility by carotid ultrasonography. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. SBP was inversely associated with overall cognition (standardized regression coefficient [β] = -0.216, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.406 to -0.027, p = 0.025). Pulse wave velocity (β = -0.199, 95% CI -0.382 to -0.017, p = 0.033) was inversely associated with working memory task accuracy. SBP was directly associated with reaction time in the attention (β = 0.256, 95% CI 0.069 to 0.443, p = 0.008) and errors in the paired-associate learning tasks (β = 0.308, 95% CI 0.126 to 0.489, p = 0.001). Blood pressure was inversely associated with overall cognition. PA or ST did not confound the associations. Results suggest that preventing high blood pressure is important for promoting cognition in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Jalanko
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Helsinki Clinic for Sports and Exercise MedicineFoundation for Sports and Exercise MedicineHelsinkiFinland
| | - Bert Bond
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of MedicineCentral Finland Health Care District Hospital DistrictJyväskyläFinland
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports MedicineNorwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear ImagingUniversity of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Sara Määttä
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical PhysiologyTampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Eero A. Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear ImagingUniversity of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and NutritionKuopio Research Institute of Exercise MedicineKuopioFinland
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Naveed S, Sallinen T, Eloranta AM, Skog H, Jalkanen H, Brage S, Ekelund U, Pentikäinen H, Savonen K, Lakka TA, Haapala EA. Effects of 2-year dietary and physical activity intervention on cognition in children-a nonrandomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2340-2350. [PMID: 37555467 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of a combined dietary and PA intervention on cognition in children and whether changes in diet quality, PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and sedentary time (ST) are associated with changes in cognition. METHODS We conducted a 2-year nonrandomized controlled trial in 504 children aged 6-9 years at baseline. The children were allocated to a combined dietary and PA intervention group (n = 237) or a control group (n = 160) without blinding. INTERVENTIONS The children and their parents allocated to the intervention group had six dietary counseling sessions of 30-45 min and six PA counseling sessions of 30-45 min during the 2-year intervention period. The children were also encouraged to participate in after-school exercise clubs. Cognition was assessed by the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices. We assessed dietary factors by 4 days food records and computed the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) as a measure of diet quality. PA and ST were assessed by a combined heart rate and body movement monitor, types of PA and SB by a questionnaire. RESULTS The intervention had no effect on cognition. Increased BSDS and consumption of low-fat milk and decreased consumption of red meat and sausages were associated with improved cognition over 2 years. Increased organized sports, ST, and reading were positively, while unsupervised PA, computer use, and writing were negatively associated with cognition. CONCLUSION Combined dietary and PA intervention had no effect on cognition. Improved diet quality and increased organized sports and reading were associated with improved cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Naveed
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland Library Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannamari Skog
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna Jalkanen
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NIH), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Delisle Nyström C, Migueles JH, Henriksson P, Löf M. Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children from 4 to 9 Years of Age. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:99. [PMID: 37874410 PMCID: PMC10597983 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity guidelines for children encourage moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities (MVPA); however, some studies have found that only vigorous intensity activities (VPA) might promote health benefits in young children. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate cross-sectional and 5-year longitudinal associations of VPA and MVPA with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in childhood using compositional data analysis. RESULTS This study utilized data from the SPINACH study (n = 411). Physical activity was measured with accelerometers at 4- and 9-years of age. CVD risk factors were measured at 9-years of age, and included blood pressure (BP), lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism biomarkers, as well as a continuous metabolic syndrome risk score (MetS). Cross-sectional and longitudinal linear regression models were built using compositional data analysis standards. Cross-sectionally, reallocating time to VPA from lower-intensity behaviours at 9-years was associated with lower waist circumference (B = - 3.219, P = 0.002), diastolic BP (B = - 1.836, P = 0.036), triglycerides (B = - 0.214, P < 0.001), glucose (B = - 0.189, P = 0.033), insulin (B = - 2.997, P < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (B = - 0.778, P < 0.001). Similarly, reallocating time to VPA at 4-years was associated with lower MetS (B = - 0.831, P = 0.049), waist circumference (B = - 4.211, P = 0.015), systolic BP (B = - 5.572, P = 0.015), diastolic BP (B = - 2.931, P = 0.044), triglycerides (B = - 0.229, P = 0.034), glucose (B = - 0.325, P = 0.032), insulin (B = - 5.114, P = 0.001), and HOMA-IR (B = - 0.673, P = 0.001) at 9-years. Reallocations of time to MVPA at 4- or 9-years were not associated with CVD risk factors at 9-years. CONCLUSIONS VPA was associated with CVD risk factors in children both cross-sectionally (9-years) and longitudinally (at 4- and 9-years). MVPA seemed not to be a stimulus of enough intensity to trigger these potential cardiometabolic benefits in healthy children. Thus, these findings suggest the importance of higher intensity activities, i.e., VPA already in early childhood for cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Delisle Nyström
- Group MLÖ, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jairo H. Migueles
- Group MLÖ, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Löf
- Group MLÖ, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Tuerxun P, Xu K, Wang M, Wei M, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Li C, Zhang J. Obesogenic sleep patterns among Chinese preschool children: A latent profile and transition analysis of the association sleep patterns and obesity risk. Sleep Med 2023; 110:123-131. [PMID: 37574612 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper utilized a person-centered approach to examine whether sleep patterns on school and free days are associated with obesity risk in preschool children aged 3-6 years. METHODS The cross-sectional analysis included 204 children from the Wuhan Healthy Start Project with valid sleep data in at least four consecutive days gathered via Actigraph GT3X+. Based on three domains of sleep duration, sleep onset, and sleep offset, we used latent profile analysis to identify distinct sleep patterns on school and free days separately. Additionally, we conducted latent transition analysis to explore the probabilities of sleep patterns transitions between school and free days. The multivariate logistic regression model investigated the associations of sleep patterns with overweight/obesity (OWO) (BMI ≥ age- and sex-specific 85th percentile) and abdominal obesity (AO) (WC ≥ age- and sex-specific 75th percentile). RESULTS Two sleep patterns were identified for school days: "EL-sc" (early-to-sleep/longer-duration) (n = 119; 58.3%) and "LS-sc" (late-to-sleep/shorter-duration) (n = 85; 41.7%). Similarly, "LES-fr" (late-to-sleep/early-to-wake/shorter-duration) (n = 118; 57.8%) and "ELL-fr" (early-to-sleep/late-to-wake/longer-duration) (n = 86; 42.2%) patterns were identified for free days. LTA categorized the participants into four distinct transition groups, i.e., "EL-sc→ELL-fr" (32.9%), "EL-sc→LES-fr" (24.0%), "LS-sc→LES-fr" (33.8%), and "LS-sc→ELL-fr" (9.3%). Compared with the "ELsc→ELL-fr", the "LS-sc→LES-fr" had a higher risk of OWO (AOR 4.76; 95% CI: 1.39-20.33) and AO (AOR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.21-6.62), respectively. Neither "EL-sc→LES-fr" (AOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.14-6.67) nor "LS-sc→ELL-fr" (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.03-6.14) was significantly associated with OWO. Likewise, no significant association was observed for "EL-sc→LES-fr" (AOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.35-2.62) and "LS-sc→ELL-fr" (AOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.11-2.18) with AO. CONCLUSIONS "LS-sc→LES-fr" pattern is significantly associated with an increased risk of general and abdominal obesity, indicating its obesogenic nature. Furthermore, although not statistically associated with obesity outcomes, "LS-sc→ELL-fr" and "EL-sc→LES-fr" patterns exhibit a semi-obesogenic characteristic. In addition, we identified a concerning trend that preschool children are at risk of transitioning to and persisting in sleep patterns characterized by delayed and shorter sleep. These findings underscore the importance of implementing interventions and strategies to address sleep patterns as a crucial step to minimize the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiziyeti Tuerxun
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Miyuan Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengna Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfen Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunan Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianduan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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5
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Aira T, Kokko SP, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Kotkajuuri J, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Toivo K, Uusitalo A, Valtonen M, Villberg J, Niemelä O, Vähä-Ypyä H, Vasankari T. Longitudinal physical activity patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors during adolescence. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1807-1820. [PMID: 37254479 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations between longitudinal physical activity (PA) patterns and the development of cardiometabolic risk factors from adolescence to young adulthood. METHODS This cohort study encompassed 250 participants recruited from sports clubs and schools, and examined at mean age 15 and 19. Device-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA was grouped into five patterns (via a data-driven method, using inactivity maintainers as a reference). The outcomes were: glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI). Linear growth curve models were applied with adjustment for sex, age, fruit/vegetable consumption, cigarette/snuff use, and change in the device wear-time. RESULTS Insulin and BMI increased among decreasers from moderate to low PA (β for insulin 0.23, 95% CI 0.03-0.46; β for BMI 0.90; CI 0.02-1.78). The concentration of HDL cholesterol decreased (β -0.18, CI -0.31 to -0.05) and that of glucose increased (β 0.18, CI 0.02-0.35) among decreasers from high to moderate PA. By contrast, among increasers, blood pressure declined (systolic β -6.43, CI -12.16 to -0.70; diastolic β -6.72, CI -11.03 to -2.41). CONCLUSIONS Already during the transition to young adulthood, changes in PA are associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Favorable blood pressure changes were found among PA increasers. Unfavorable changes in BMI, insulin, glucose, and HDL cholesterol were found in groups with decreasing PA. The changes were dependent on the baseline PA and the magnitude of the PA decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Aira
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami Petteri Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Olli Juhani Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jimi Kotkajuuri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kerttu Toivo
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Uusitalo
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyväskylä Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Medical Research Unit and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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6
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Lehtovirta M, Wu F, Rovio SP, Heinonen OJ, Laitinen TT, Niinikoski H, Lagström H, Viikari JSA, Rönnemaa T, Jula A, Ala-Korpela M, Raitakari OT, Pahkala K. Association of physical activity with metabolic profile from adolescence to adulthood. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:307-318. [PMID: 36331352 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity benefits cardiometabolic health, but little is known about its detailed links with serum lipoproteins, amino acids, and glucose metabolism at young age. We therefore studied the association of physical activity with a comprehensive metabolic profile measured repeatedly in adolescence. METHODS The cohort is derived from the longitudinal Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project. At ages 13, 15, 17, and 19 years, data on physical activity were collected by a questionnaire, and circulating metabolic measures were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics from repeatedly assessed serum samples (age 13: n = 503, 15: n = 472, 17: n = 466, and 19: n = 361). RESULTS Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA;MET h/wk) was directly associated with concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and inversely with the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids (-0.006SD; [-0.008, -0.003]; p < 0.0001). LTPA was inversely associated with very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle concentration (-0.003SD; [-0.005, -0.001]; p = 0.002) and VLDL particle size (-0.005SD; [-0.007, -0.003]; p < 0.0001). LTPA showed direct association with the particle concentration and size of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and HDL cholesterol concentration (0.004SD; [0.002, 0.006]; p < 0.0001). Inverse associations of LTPA with triglyceride and total lipid concentrations in large to small sized VLDL subclasses were found. Weaker associations were seen for other metabolic measures including inverse associations with concentrations of lactate, isoleucine, glycoprotein acetylation, and a direct association with creatinine concentration. The results remained after adjusting for body mass index and proportions of energy intakes from macronutrients. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity during adolescence is beneficially associated with the metabolic profile including novel markers. The results support recommendations on physical activity during adolescence to promote health and possibly reduce future disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia Lehtovirta
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Feitong Wu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi T Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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7
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Chen Z, Zhu L. Dose-response relationship between physical activity and cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents: A pre-post quasi-experimental study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1070653. [PMID: 36744040 PMCID: PMC9892714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to explore the dose-response relationship between the daily duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity and the improvement of cardiometabolic risk indicators in obese children and adolescents. Methods: Seventy-seven obese children and adolescents aged 10-17 years were randomly recruited for a 4-week exercise intervention in a closed camp during 2019-2021, physical activity was monitored by ActiGraph GT3X + to obtain daily MVPA duration, and the improvement of CMR indicators were reflected by the changes (Δ) of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance before and after the intervention, calculated as ''Δ+indicator" = values after intervention-values before intervention. The groups were divided into different doses of Q1∼Q3 according to the daily MVPA duration from low to high. The differences in the improvement of different dose groups were compared by one-way analysis of covariance, and the dose-response relationship between MVPA duration and CMR indicators improvement was analyzed by linear regression and piecewise regression. The nonlinear relationship was analyzed by restricted cubic spline. Results: 1) Compared with indicators before the intervention, WC, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FINS, and HOMA-IR were significantly lower after the intervention (p-value < 0.05). 2) The dose-response relationship between MVPA and LDL-C improvement was non-linear (P-Nonlinear < 0.05). When MVPA >77.1min/day, ΔLDL-C further decreased with the increase of MVPA duration [β = -0.009, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.013, -0.005], and when MVPA ≤77.1min/day, increasing the MVPA duration did not increase the improvement of ΔLDL-C. Conclusion: There was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between the daily MVPA duration and LDL-C improvement in obese children and adolescents. In order to obtain more significant improvement in LDL-C through increased MVPA duration, MVPA duration should be higher than 77.1 min/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Chen
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Lin Zhu,
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Cao Y, Zhu L, Chen Z, Zhanquan L, Xie W, Liang M. The effect of different intensity physical activity on cardiovascular metabolic health in obese children and adolescents: An isotemporal substitution model. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1041622. [PMID: 36875026 PMCID: PMC9975553 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1041622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study's purpose was to investigate the effects of different intensities of physical activity on cardiovascular metabolism in obese children and adolescents based on an isochronous replacement model. Methods: A total of 196 obese children and adolescents (mean age, 13.44 ± 1.71 years) who met the inclusion criteria and attended a summer camp from July 2019 to August 2021 were recruited for this study, and all subjects wore a GT3X + triaxial motion accelerometer uniformly around the waist to record physical activity levels. We collected the subjects' height, weight, and cardiovascular risk factors such as waist circumference, hip circumference, fasting lipids, blood pressure, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose before and after 4 weeks of camp and constructed cardiometabolic risk score (CMR-z). We analyzed the effects of different intensities of physical activity on cardiovascular metabolism in obese children using isotemporal substitution model (ISM). Results: After 4 weeks, cardiovascular risk factors such as body weight, waist circumference, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were reduced in adolescents with obesity (p <0.01), and CMR-z was also reduced (p <0.01). ISM analysis revealed that all sedentary behavior (SB) replacement with 10 min of light physical activity (LPA) reduced CMR-z [β = -0.10, 95% CI (-0.20, -0.01)]; 10-min of moderate physical activity (MPA) replacement of SB reduced CMR-z [β = -0.32, 95% CI (-0.63, -0.01)]; 10-min of vigorous physical activity (VPA) replacement of SB reduced CMR-z [β = -0.39, 95% CI (-0.66, -0.12)]. Conclusion: Replacement of SB with 10 min of LPA, MPA, and VPA were all effective in improving cardiovascular risk health, respectively, but MPA or VPA was more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxiang Cao
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Education Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zekai Chen
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhanquan
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Xie
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manna Liang
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Almonacid-Fierro A, González-Almonacid J. The pandemic of childhood obesity: Challenges and possibilities from physical activity. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 12:229-230. [PMID: 36686049 PMCID: PMC9808909 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2022.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Almonacid-Fierro
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile,Corresponding Author: Alejandro Almonacid-Fierro,
| | - Javier González-Almonacid
- Traumatology Service, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile,School Emergency Unit, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
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10
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Aljahdali AA, Baylin A, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Kim HM, Cantoral A, Tellez-Rojo MM, Banker M, Peterson KE. Sedentary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican children and adolescents: analysis of longitudinal data. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:143. [PMID: 36456985 PMCID: PMC9714228 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is a modifiable risk factor for cardiometabolic health; however, the assessment of total sedentary time may not capture youth's highly active and interrupted activity patterns. This study examined the associations between sedentary activity patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among Mexican youth, who have a disproportionate burden of metabolic diseases, using a repeated measure design out of a longitudinal data. METHODS 570 subjects in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort, who were followed up to three-time points during adolescence, were included. Bout duration, and frequency and percentages of waking time spent in specific intensities of activity, were quantified using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT wrist accelerometers. Self-reported questionnaires were used to query the usual duration of different sedentary behaviors. Outcomes were fasting lipid profile, markers for glucose homeostasis, anthropometry, and blood pressure. Associations were modeled using linear mixed-effects models, and isotemporal substitution approach was additionally used to assess the effect of replacing objectively assessed sedentary activity with other activity intensities, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Each hour of self-reported screen-based time was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) [β = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.10, 0.51], and an hour of other sedentary time was associated with log serum glucose (mg/dL) [β = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.004, 0.017]. Substitution models showed that replacing 5% of sedentary time with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with lower waist circumference (cm) [β = - 1.35, 95% CI = - 1.91, - 0.79] and log serum triglycerides (mg/dL) [β = - 0.11, 95% CI = - 0.18, - 0.03]. Substituting one uninterrupted sedentary bout with light activity was associated with lower insulin (μIU/mL) [β = - 0.06, 95% CI = - 0.10, - 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary time was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican youth in a context-specific manner. Replacing sedentary time with higher intensities was associated with improvements in some cardiometabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A. Aljahdali
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Edward A. Ruiz-Narvaez
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Center for Computing, Analytics and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- grid.501731.10000 0004 0484 7567Department of Health, Iberoamerican University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha M. Tellez-Rojo
- grid.415771.10000 0004 1773 4764Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Margaret Banker
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
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11
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Cui J, Li L, Dong C. The associations between specific-type sedentary behaviors and cognitive flexibility in adolescents. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:910624. [PMID: 36034120 PMCID: PMC9411862 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.910624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of sedentary behavior in adolescents has aroused social attention. The association between sedentary behavior and cognitive flexibility remains unclear, and it may vary depending on the type of sedentary behavior. This study aimed to investigate the associations between specific-type sedentary behaviors and cognitive flexibility in adolescents. Method: A total of 700 Chinese adolescents aged 10–15 years were recruited. The self-report questionnaire was used to assess total sedentary time, recreational screen-based sedentary time, and educational sedentary time. The More-odd shifting task was used to assess cognitive flexibility. Results: The correlation analysis showed that recreational screen-based sedentary time was negatively correlated with cognitive flexibility, whereas educational sedentary time was positively correlated with cognitive flexibility. The regression analysis also further revealed that a significantly negative association between recreational screen-based sedentary time and cognitive flexibility, while a significantly positive association existed between educational sedentary time and cognitive flexibility. Conclusion: The findings shown that the association between recreational screen-based sedentary behavior and cognitive flexibility differs from educational sedentary behavior in adolescents, providing new ideas for a more comprehensive understanding of the association between sedentary behavior and cognitive flexibility in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Dong Lin Li
| | - Chao Dong
- College of Physical Education and Health, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Dong Lin Li
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12
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Virkkala VF, Eloranta AM, Suominen AL, Vierola A, Ikävalko T, Väistö J, Mikkonen S, Methuen M, Schwab U, Viljakainen HT, Leinonen J, Närhi M, Lakka TA. Associations of diet quality, food consumption, eating frequency and eating behaviour with dental caries experience in Finnish children: a 2-year longitudinal study. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-11. [PMID: 35938235 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of dietary factors with caries experience in a population sample of 487 children aged 6-9 years at baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study. Altogether, 406 of these children attended 2-year follow-up examinations. Food consumption and eating frequency were assessed using 4-day food records, diet quality using the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) and eating behaviour using the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Caries experience was examined clinically. The cross-sectional associations of dietary factors with caries experience at baseline were analysed using linear regression and the longitudinal associations of dietary factors with a change in caries experience over follow-up using generalised mixed-effects regression adjusted for other risk factors. A higher consumption of high-fibre grain products (standardised regression coefficient β = -0·16, P = 0·003) and milk (β = -0·11, P = 0·025) and higher BSDS (β = -0·15, P = 0·007) were associated with lower caries experience, whereas a higher consumption of potatoes (β = 0·11, P = 0·048) and emotional overeating (β = 0·12, P = 0·025) were associated with higher caries experience. Higher snacking frequency (fixed coefficient β = 0·07, P = 0·033), desire to drink (β = 0·10, P = 0·046), slowness in eating (β = 0·12, P = 0·027) and food fussiness (β = 0·12, P = 0·018) were associated with higher caries experience, whereas enjoyment of food (β = -0·12, P = 0·034) and higher BSDS (β = -0·02, P = 0·051) were associated with lower caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera F Virkkala
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Vierola
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Ikävalko
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mirja Methuen
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli T Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Leinonen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Matti Närhi
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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13
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Haapala EA, Väistö J, Ihalainen JK, González CT, Leppänen MH, Veijalainen A, Sallinen T, Eloranta AM, Ekelund U, Schwab U, Brage S, Atalay M, Lakka TA. Associations of physical activity, sedentary time, and diet quality with biomarkers of inflammation in children. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 22:906-915. [PMID: 33599556 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1892830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the associations of physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST), and diet quality with biomarkers of inflammation in 390 children (192 girls, 198 boys) aged 6-8 years. PA energy expenditure (PAEE), light PA, moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and ST were assessed by combined movement and heart rate sensor. Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index was calculated using data from 4 d food records. Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor-α, and glycoprotein acetyls were measured from fasting blood samples. PAEE, MPA, VPA, and MVPA were inversely associated with hs-CRP (β=-191 to -139, 95% CI=-0.294 to -0.024), leptin (β=-0.409 to -0.301, 95% CI=-0.499 to -0.107), IL-6 (β=-0.136 to -0.104, 95% CI=-0.240 to -0.001) and PAEE, MPA, and MVPA were inversely associated with glycoprotein acetyls (β=-0.117 to -0.103, 95% CI=-0.213 to -0.001). ST was directly associated with hs-CRP (β=0.170, 95% CI=0.070-0.269), leptin (β=0.355, 95% CI=0.265-0.445), and IL-6 (β=0.105, 95% CI=0.005-0.205). VPA was inversely associated with hs-CRP, leptin, and IL-6 in children with higher BF% (β=-0.344 to -0.181, 95% CI=-0.477 to -0.033) but not among children with lower BF% (β=-0.007-0.033, 95% CI=-0.183-0.184). In conclusion, PA was inversely and ST directly associated with circulating levels of biomarkers of inflammation among children. Furthermore, we observed that PA was inversely associated with these biomarkers for inflammation in children with a higher BF%. HighlightsSystemic inflammation, as indicated by increased circulating concentrations of biomarkers for inflammation, may be important in causal pathways leading to insulin resistance, sub-clinical atherosclerosis, and eventually clinical manifestations of cardiovascular diseases.Higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of sedentary time were associated with more favourable inflammatory profile.Body fat percentage modified these associations and especially vigorous intensity physical activity was inversely associated with biomarkers of inflammation on children with higher body fat percentage but not in children with lower body fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna K Ihalainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Sweden
| | | | - Marja H Leppänen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aapo Veijalainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Norwegian School of Sports Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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14
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Marshall ZA, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA. Investigating the influence of physical activity composition on arterial stiffness in youth. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:617-624. [PMID: 35135413 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2039304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is beneficial for arterial health in children but less is known about how all daily movement behaviours influence arterial stiffening. Compositional analysis can account for the co-dependent nature of these behaviours and therefore was employed to explore how the movement composition influences arterial health. Augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity were measured cross-sectionally in healthy children (n = 129; 12.4 ± 1.6 years). Time spent in sedentary, light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and asleep were derived from seven-day hip-worn accelerometry. The relative effects of individual behaviours and the overall movement composition on arterial stiffness were explored utilising compositional analysis, with predictive modelling used to predict effects of the substituting time between behaviours. Girls (n = 45, 12.1 ± 1.5yrs, 20.5 ± 3.6kg·m-2) had a higher AIx (+ 3.94; p < 0.05) and accrued physical activity predominantly in LPA, whereas boys (n = 56, 12.6 ± 1.7yrs, 20.6 ± 4.0kg·m-2) accrued physical activity predominantly in MVPA. Individual behaviours and the movement composition were not significant predictors of any measure of arterial stiffness (P > 0.05), and the reallocation of 20-minutes between behaviours did not elicit significant change in arterial stiffness, irrespective of sex (P > 0.05). The reallocation of time to MVPA from any other behaviour did not predict an improvement in arterial stiffness. This highlights the high potential dose of MVPA required to improve arterial health and the complex nature of the determinants of arterial stiffness. HighlightsMovement behaviours in isolation nor combination predicted arterial stiffness in youth.The reallocation of behaviours from any other behaviour to MVPA did not affect arterial stiffness in youth.Arterial stiffness is a complex, multidimensional health parameter that does not appear to be primarily determined by physical activity levels or intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë A Marshall
- Applied, Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Kelly A Mackintosh
- Applied, Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- Applied, Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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15
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Córdoba-Rodríguez DP, Iglesia I, Gomez-Bruton A, Rodríguez G, Casajús JA, Morales-Devia H, Moreno LA. Fat-free/lean body mass in children with insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:58. [PMID: 35065638 PMCID: PMC8783460 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lean / Fat Free Body Mass (LBM) is metabolically involved in active processes such as resting energy expenditure, glucose uptake, and myokine secretion. Nonetheless, its association with insulin sensitivity / resistance / glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome remains unclear in childhood. METHODS The current investigation aimed to examine the differences in fat-free mass /lean body mass according to the presence of insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome in children. A systematic search was carried out in Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, covering the period from each database's respective start to 21 June 2021. Two researchers evaluated 7111 studies according to the inclusion criteria: original human studies, written in English or Spanish, evaluating fat-free mass/lean body mass in children and adolescents including both with and without insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance /glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome and reported the differences between them in terms of fat free mass/lean body mass. The results of the studies were combined with insulin sensitivity, insulin, resistance, glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome. The standardized mean difference (SMD) in each study was calculated and combined using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was tested using the index of heterogeneity (I2), leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were performed, and publication bias was assessed using the Egger and Begg tests. RESULTS Finally, 15 studies which compared groups defined according to different glucose homeostasis criteria or metabolic syndrome out of 103 eligible studies were included in this systematic review and 12 studies in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed lower fat-free mass/lean body mass percentage in participants with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome (SMD -0.47; 95% CI, - 0.62 to - 0.32) while in mass units (kg), higher values were found in the same group (SMD, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.60). CONCLUSIONS Our results identified lower values of fat-free mass/lean body mass (%) in children and adolescents with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome and higher values of fat-free mass/lean body mass when these are expressed in kg. The evidence of the impact of lean mass on children's glucose homeostasis or metabolic syndrome is limited, so future studies research should focus on explaining the effect of fat-free mass/lean body mass on different metabolic outcomes. Moreover, it may be interesting to evaluate the quality (muscle density) or functional (muscle strength) outcomes in addition to both absolute (kg) and relative (%) values in future studies. The systematic review was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019124734; available at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero [accessed: 05 April 2019]).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Iglesia
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernan Morales-Devia
- Biblioteca General Alfonso Borrero Cabal, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Hatakeyama N, Kamada M, Kondo N. Parental Working Hours and Children's Sedentary Time: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the J-SHINE. J Epidemiol 2022; 32:4-11. [PMID: 33012775 PMCID: PMC8666312 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviors are prevalent among children and can have a detrimental effect on their health. Little is known about the influence of parental time on children's sedentary behavior. This study examined the association between parental working hours and children's sedentary time. METHODS Cross-sectional data were drawn from the Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood (J-SHINE) in 2010 and 2011. Participants were 886 children aged 7-18 years and their parents. The primary outcome was self-reported sedentary time after school that comprised screen time and non-screen time. The main explanatory variable was parental working hours. We used multiple regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Children's mean sedentary time was 222 (standard deviation [SD], 123) min/day; 144 (SD, 108) min/day screen time and 78 (SD, 65) min/day non-screen time. Children whose mothers worked ≥20 hours/week had 28 (95% CI, 9 to 48) min/day longer sedentary time than children of homemakers (240 min/day vs 214 min/day). The longer maternal working hours, the longer sedentary time (P for trend <0.01). In contrast, children whose fathers worked ≥48 hours/week had 82 (95% CI, -156 to -7) min/day shorter sedentary time than children of non-working fathers (179 min/day vs 264 min/day). When limited to children whose fathers worked, there was no statistically significant association between children's sedentary time and paternal working hours. CONCLUSIONS Children with mothers who work long hours or fathers not working tend to sit more. Supplementing the shortages in resources for childcare may be necessary among those families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Hatakeyama
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masamitsu Kamada
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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Ha L, Wakefield CE, Fardell J, Cohn RJ, Simar D, Signorelli C, Mizrahi D. Parent perceptions of their child's and their own physical activity after treatment for childhood cancer. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:8947-8957. [PMID: 35909162 PMCID: PMC9340709 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parents are important facilitators of physical activity for children, yet little is known about the perceptions of parents of childhood cancer survivors. We investigated parent perceptions of their own and their child's physical activity levels after cancer treatment and examined associations with clinical, demographic, and psychosocial factors. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 125 parents and 125 survivors. Parents reported on the perceived importance of their child being physically active and concerns regarding exercising after cancer treatment. RESULTS Parents and survivors self-reported median (range) of 127.5 (0-1260) and 220 (0-1470) min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Most parents (n = 109, 98%) believed that physical activity was highly important for their child. Some parents (n = 19, 17%) reported concerns, most commonly regarding exercise safety (n = 7, 22%). Parents were more likely to perceive that their child should increase physical activity if their child was an adolescent and had high body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity levels varied widely among survivors, reflecting factors including parents' lifestyles, limited understanding of exercise benefits and perceptions of risk. Given survivors' insufficient physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour among families, embedding physical activity promotion into health systems and follow-up support could benefit the entire family unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ha
- School of Health Sciences, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia.
| | - Claire E Wakefield
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanna Fardell
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard J Cohn
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Simar
- School of Health Sciences, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christina Signorelli
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Mizrahi
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture With Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
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Haapala EA, Leppänen MH, Lehti M, Lintu N, Tompuri T, Viitasalo A, Schwab U, Lakka TA. Cross-sectional associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and NMR-derived metabolic biomarkers in children - the PANIC study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:954418. [PMID: 36213296 PMCID: PMC9538338 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.954418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiorespiratory fitness has been inversely associated with cardiovascular risk across the lifespan. Some studies in adults suggest that higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with cardioprotective metabolite profile, but the evidence in children is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the cross-sectional association of cardiorespiratory fitness with serum nuclear magnetic resonance derived metabolic biomarkers in children. METHODS A population sample of 450 children aged 6-8 years was examined. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer and quantified as maximal power output normalised for lean body mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry. Serum metabolites were assessed using a high throughput nuclear magnetic resonance platform. The data were analysed using linear regression analyses adjusted for age and sex and subsequently for body fat percentage (BF%) assessed by DXA. RESULTS Cardiorespiratory fitness was directly associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (β=0.138, 95% CI=0.042 to 0.135, p=0.005), average HDL particle diameter (β=0.102, 95% CI=0.004 to 0.199, p=0.041), and the concentrations of extra-large HDL particles (β=0.103, 95% CI=0.006 to 0.201, p=0.038), large HDL particles (β=0.122, 95% CI=0.025 to 0.220, p=0.014), and medium HDL particles (β=0.143, 95% CI=0.047 to 0.239, p=0.004) after adjustment for age and sex. Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was also associated with higher concentrations of ApoA1 (β=0.145, 95% CI=0.047 to 0.242, p=0.003), glutamine (β=0.161, 95% CI=0.064 to 0.257, p=0.001), and phenylalanine (β=0.187, 95% CI=0.091 to 0.283, p<0.001). However, only the direct associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with the concentrations of HDL cholesterol (β=0.114, 95% CI=0.018 to 0.210, p=0.021), medium HDL particles (β=0.126, 95% CI=0.030 to 0.223, p=0.010), ApoA1 (β=0.126, 95% CI=0.030 to 0.223, p=0.011), glutamine (β=0.147, 95% CI=0.050 to 0.224, p=0.003), and phenylalanine (β=0.217, 95% CI=0.122 to 0.311, p<0.001) remained statistically significant after further adjustment for BF%. CONCLUSIONS Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a cardioprotective biomarker profile in children. Most associations were independent of BF% suggesting that the differences in serum metabolites between children are driven by cardiorespiratory fitness and not adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A. Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- *Correspondence: Eero A. Haapala,
| | - Marja H. Leppänen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Lehti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Tompuri
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Impact of Physical Activity Intensity Levels on the Cardiometabolic Risk Status of Children: The Genobox Study. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 32:102-110. [PMID: 34853181 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has been related to metabolic syndrome and low-grade chronic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of physical activity intensities and practice on inflammation, endothelial damage, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. There were 513 participants, aged 6-14 years, recruited for the study. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry, and the children were classified into four groups according to quartiles of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) practice as very low active, low active, moderate active, and high active. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and plasma metabolic and proinflammatory parameters were analyzed. Very low active group presented a worse lipid profile and higher insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, while lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Type 1 macrophages, and interleukin 8 than high-active children. Regression analyses showed that a higher MVPA practice was associated with lower levels of triacylglycerols (β: -0.118; p = .008), resistin (β: -0.151; p = .005), tPAI (β: -0.105; p = .046), and P-selectin (β: -0.160; p = .006), independently of sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). In contrast, a higher BMI was associated with higher levels of insulin (β: 0.370; p < .001), Homeostasis Model Assessment (β: 0.352; p < .001), triacylglycerols (β: 0.209; p < .001), leptin (β: 0.654; p < .001), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (β: 0.182; p < .001), Type 1macrophages (β: 0.181; p < .001), and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor (β: 0.240; p < .001), independently of sex, age, and MVPA. A better anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory profile was detected in the most active children; however, these differences were partly due to BMI. These results suggest that a higher MVPA practice and a lower BMI in children may lead to a better cardiometabolic status.
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sedentary Time and Behaviour in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111286. [PMID: 34769800 PMCID: PMC8583678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the change in sedentary time during the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on health outcomes in the general population. One thousand six hundred and one articles published after 2019 were retrieved from five databases, of which 64 and 40 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Studies were grouped according to population: children (<18 years), adults (18–64 years) and older adults (>65 years). Average sedentary time was calculated, with sub-analyses performed by country, behaviour type and health outcomes. Children were most affected, increasing their sedentary time by 159.5 ± 142.6 min day−1, followed by adults (+126.9 ± 42.2 min day−1) and older adults (+46.9 ± 22.0 min day−1). There were no sex differences in any age group. Screen time was the only consistently measured behaviour and accounted for 46.8% and 57.2% of total sedentary time in children and adults, respectively. Increases in sedentary time were negatively correlated with global mental health, depression, anxiety and quality of life, irrespective of age. Whilst lockdown negatively affected all age groups, children were more negatively affected than adults or older adults, highlighting this population as a key intervention target. As lockdowns ease worldwide, strategies should be employed to reduce time spent sedentary. Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020208909).
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21
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Velázquez-Romero MJ, Padilla-Moledo C, Segura-Jiménez V, Sánchez-Oliva D, Fernández-Santos JR, Senín-Calderón C, Grao-Cruces A. Trends of Sedentary Time and Domain-Specific Sedentary Behavior in Spanish Schoolchildren. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2021; 92:460-468. [PMID: 32643554 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1749538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the temporal trends of accelerometer-based total daily sedentary time (ST) and self-reported domain-specific sedentary behavior (SB) on weekdays and weekends in Spanish children. Method: A total of 560 (50.53% girls) children (4th graders) in 2011/12 from 23 Spanish schools and 462 (48.70% girls) children (4th graders) in 2017/18 from 19 schools across Cadiz participated. Hip-worn accelerometers and questionnaires were used to assess total daily ST and self-reported time in SB modalities, respectively. Results: The objectively measured total daily ST tended to increase in boys on weekdays and weekends. Time spent watching television (TV) decreased during the week and weekend days, while time surfing on the internet increased on weekdays and weekends. Playing video-games increased in boys during the weekends. The trend to increase the time spent on educational activities with a computer during the weekdays and weekends was accompanied by a reduction of the same activities without using a computer. There was a trend to increase reading for fun, talking on the phone and total time in other SB, on weekdays and weekends in boys and girls. Conclusion(s): Spanish boys tended to increase objectively measured total daily ST. Moreover, SB modalities have changed in recent years in children, replacing TV viewing by computer use for both educational and non-educational purposes, as well as by the use of smartphones or other sedentary activities that does not imply the presence of a screen. These findings highlight the need to promote interventions to decrease total daily ST and reduce SB activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Sánchez-Oliva
- University of Cadiz
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA)
- University of Extremadura
| | | | | | - Alberto Grao-Cruces
- University of Cadiz
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA)
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Effects of a Physical Education Program on Physical Activity and Emotional Well-Being among Primary School Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147536. [PMID: 34299987 PMCID: PMC8304760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: It has been identified that schools that adopt at least two hours a week of physical education and plan specific contents and activities can achieve development goals related to physical level, such as promoting health, well-being, and healthy lifestyles, on a personal level, including bodily awareness and confidence in physical skills, as well as a general sense of well-being, greater security and self-esteem, sense of responsibility, patience, courage, and mental balance. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of physical education programs on the physical activity and emotional well-being of primary school children. (2) Methods: The experimental group comprised 45 girls and 44 boys aged 6–7 years (First Grade) and 48 girls and 46 boys aged 8–9 years (Second Grade), while the control group comprised 43 girls and 46 boys aged 6–7 years (First Grade) and 47 girls and 45 boys aged 8–9 years (Second Grade). All children attended the same school. The Children’s Physical Activity Questionnaire was used, which is based on the Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey questionnaire, which includes activities specific to young children (e.g., “playing in a playhouse”). Emotional well-being status was explored by estimating three main dimensions: somatic anxiety, personality anxiety, and social anxiety. The Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) was used. (3) Results: When analysing the pre-test results of physical activity of the 6–7- and 8–9-year-old children, it turned out that both the First Grade (92.15 MET, min/week) and Second Grade (97.50 MET, min/week) participants in the experimental group were physically active during physical education lessons. When exploring the results of somatic anxiety in EG (4.95 ± 1.10 points), both before and after the experiment, we established that somatic anxiety in EG was 4.55 ± 1.00 points after the intervention program, demonstrating lower levels of depression, seclusion, somatic complaints, aggression, and delinquent behaviours (F = 4.785, p < 0.05, P = 0.540). (4) Conclusions: We established that the properly constructed and purposefully applied eight-month physical education program had positive effects on the physical activity and emotional well-being of primary school children (6–7 and 8–9 years) in three main dimensions: somatic anxiety, personality anxiety, and social anxiety. Our findings suggest that the eight-month physical education program intervention was effective at increasing levels of physical activity. Changes in these activities may require more intensive behavioural interventions with children or upstream interventions at the family and societal levels, as well as at the school environment level. These findings have relevance for researchers, policy makers, public health practitioners, and doctors who are involved in health promotion, policy making, and commissioning services.
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Pulling Kuhn A, Cockerham A, O’Reilly N, Bustad J, Miranda V, Loboda TV, Black MM, Hager ER. Home and Neighborhood Physical Activity Location Availability among African American Adolescent Girls Living in Low-Income, Urban Communities: Associations with Objectively Measured Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18095003. [PMID: 34065051 PMCID: PMC8125901 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18095003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the ecological model of active living, the neighborhood environment may relate to individual physical activity (PA) behaviors. The purposes of this study were to (1) generate a replicable neighborhood-level physical activity location availability score (PALAS) from data variables associated with physical activity among adolescents and adults, and apply this score to Baltimore City, Maryland, and (2) determine if relationships exist between PA and PA location availability. Geographic information systems (GISs) were used to create the PALAS. Using linear regression models, we examined relations between objectively measured PA among low-income, urban, predominantly African American adolescent girls (n = 555, 2009-2012 data collection), and the PALAS rating of their neighborhood environment (neighborhood PALAS) and their home neighborhood area (PALAS variables/subcomponents within 0.25 miles of the home). A PALAS map of the study area was created, illustrating neighborhoods varying in availability and variety of PA locations. After adjusting for confounders, a higher neighborhood PALAS (β = 0.10, p = 0.041) and the presence of a recreation center in the home neighborhood area (β = 0.46, p = 0.011) were associated with more minutes per day spent in moderate to vigorous PA. Policy makers and stakeholders should consider increasing access to PA locations as a strategy to promote PA among adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Pulling Kuhn
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.P.K.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Alexandra Cockerham
- Cartographic Products and Services Branch, U.S. Census Bureau, Suitland, MD 20746, USA;
| | - Nicole O’Reilly
- School of Social Work, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| | - Jacob Bustad
- Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, Towson, MD 21204, USA;
| | - Victor Miranda
- Baltimore City Department of Recreation and Parks, Baltimore, MD 21217, USA;
| | - Tatiana V. Loboda
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 21043, USA;
| | - Maureen M. Black
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.P.K.); (M.M.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Erin R. Hager
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.P.K.); (M.M.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(410)-706-0213
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García-Hermoso A, Ezzatvar Y, Ramírez-Vélez R, Olloquequi J, Izquierdo M. Is device-measured vigorous physical activity associated with health-related outcomes in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:296-307. [PMID: 33285309 PMCID: PMC8167335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to analyze the prospective association between vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) and health-related outcomes in children and adolescents. METHODS Studies reporting associations between device-measured VPA and health-related factors in children and adolescents aged 3-18 years were identified through database searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus). Correlation coefficients were pooled if outcomes were reported by at least 3 studies, using DerSimonian-Laird random effects models. RESULTS Data from 23 studies including 13,674 participants were pooled using random effects models. Significant associations were found between VPA at baseline and overall adiposity (r = -0.09, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.15 to -0.03; p = 0.002; I2 = 89.8%), cardiometabolic risk score (r = -0.13, 95%CI: -0.24 to -0.02, p = 0.020; I2 = 69.6%), cardiorespiratory fitness (r = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.15-0.35; p < 0.001; I2 = 57.2%), and total body bone mineral density (r = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.06 to 0.25; p = 0.001; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION VPA seems to be negatively related to adiposity and cardiometabolic risk score and positively related to cardiorespiratory fitness and total body bone mineral density among children and adolescents at follow-up. Therefore, our findings support the need to strengthen physical activity recommendations regarding VPA due to its health benefits in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Navarra Hospital Complex (CHN), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain; University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Sciences of Physical Activity, Sports and Health School, Santiago 71783-5, Chile.
| | - Yasmin Ezzatvar
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Navarra Hospital Complex (CHN), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculthy of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Navarra Hospital Complex (CHN), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
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Brand C, de Lucena Martins CM, Dias AF, Fochesatto CF, García-Hermoso A, Honório R, Mota J, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR. Multicomponent intervention effect on cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight/obese Brazilian children: a mediation analysis. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brand C, Gaya ACA, Dias AF, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Farinha JB, Macedo RCO, Mota J, de Oliveira AR, Gaya AR. The role of adiposity in the relationship between physical fitness with cardiometabolic risk factors, adipocytokines and inflammation in children. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Lakka TA, Lintu N, Väistö J, Viitasalo A, Sallinen T, Haapala EA, Tompuri TT, Soininen S, Karjalainen P, Schnurr TM, Mikkonen S, Atalay M, Kilpeläinen TO, Laitinen T, Laaksonen DE, Savonen K, Brage S, Schwab U, Jääskeläinen J, Lindi V, Eloranta AM. A 2 year physical activity and dietary intervention attenuates the increase in insulin resistance in a general population of children: the PANIC study. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2270-2281. [PMID: 32816094 PMCID: PMC7527318 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We studied for the first time the long-term effects of a combined physical activity and dietary intervention on insulin resistance and fasting plasma glucose in a general population of predominantly normal-weight children. METHODS We carried out a 2 year non-randomised controlled trial in a population sample of 504 children aged 6-9 years at baseline. The children were allocated to a combined physical activity and dietary intervention group (306 children at baseline, 261 children at 2-year follow-up) or a control group (198 children, 177 children) without blinding. We measured fasting insulin and fasting glucose, calculated HOMA-IR, assessed physical activity and sedentary time by combined heart rate and body movement monitoring, assessed dietary factors by a 4 day food record, used the Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index (FCHEI) as a measure of overall diet quality, and measured body fat percentage (BF%) and lean body mass by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The intervention effects on insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR were analysed using the intention-to-treat principle and linear mixed-effects models after adjustment for sex, age at baseline, and pubertal status at baseline and 2 year follow-up. The measures of physical activity, sedentary time, diet and body composition at baseline and 2 year follow-up were entered one-by-one as covariates into the models to study whether changes in these variables might partly explain the observed intervention effects. RESULTS Compared with the control group, fasting insulin increased 4.65 pmol/l less (absolute change +8.96 vs +13.61 pmol/l) and HOMA-IR increased 0.18 units less (+0.31 vs +0.49 units) over 2 years in the combined physical activity and dietary intervention group. The intervention effects on fasting insulin (regression coefficient β for intervention effect -0.33 [95% CI -0.62, -0.04], p = 0.026) and HOMA-IR (β for intervention effect -0.084 [95% CI -0.156, -0.012], p = 0.023) were statistically significant after adjustment for sex, age at baseline, and pubertal status at baseline and 2 year follow-up. The intervention had no effect on fasting glucose, BF% or lean body mass. Changes in total physical activity energy expenditure, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, total sedentary time, the reported consumption of high-fat (≥60%) vegetable oil-based spreads, and FCHEI, but not a change in BF% or lean body mass, partly explained the intervention effects on fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The combined physical activity and dietary intervention attenuated the increase in insulin resistance over 2 years in a general population of predominantly normal-weight children. This beneficial effect was partly mediated by changes in physical activity, sedentary time and diet but not changes in body composition. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01803776 Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuomo T Tompuri
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Social and Health Center, City of Varkaus, Finland
| | - Panu Karjalainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Theresia M Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David E Laaksonen
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virpi Lindi
- University of Eastern Finland Library Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Júdice PB, Hetherington-Rauth M, Northstone K, Andersen LB, Wedderkopp N, Ekelund U, Sardinha LB. Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Patterns on Cardiometabolic Outcomes in the Transition to Adolescence: International Children's Accelerometry Database 2.0. J Pediatr 2020; 225:166-173.e1. [PMID: 32553870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of changes in physical activity and sedentary patterns with changes in cardiometabolic outcomes from childhood to adolescence. STUDY DESIGN Youth from the International Children's Accelerometry Database (n = 1088; 55% girls), aged 8-13 years and followed for ∼4 years, were used in this analysis. Hip-mounted accelerometers were used and all physical activity intensities were expressed as the % of total wear-time. Sedentary time was separated into time spent in bouts <10 minutes and ≥10 minutes. A composite z score for cardiometabolic risk (CMR score) was computed by summing the standardized values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and the inverse high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Multivariate analyses were performed using adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS Increase in sedentary time was unfavorably associated with changes in CMR score (β = 0.021; CI 0.004-0.037), TG (β = 0.003; CI 0.001-0.005), and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.068; CI 0.009-0.128). Decrease in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was unfavorably associated with changes in LDL-c (β = -0.009; CI -0.017 to -0.001) and TG (β = -0.007; CI -0.013 to -0.001). Increase in ≥10 minutes sedentary time was unfavorably associated with changes in CMR score (β = 0.017; CI 0.004-0.030), LDL-c (β = 0.003; CI 0.000-0.005), and TG (β = 0.003; CI 0.000-0.004). Decrease in light-intensity physical activity was unfavorably associated with changes in CMR score (β = -0.020; CI = -0.040 to 0.000). CONCLUSIONS More physical activity and less prolonged sedentary time are beneficial for cardiometabolic health in youth transitioning to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro B Júdice
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada - Portugal, Portugal.
| | - Megan Hetherington-Rauth
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada - Portugal, Portugal
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Regional Health Research, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital of Southwestern Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada - Portugal, Portugal
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Association Between Physical Activity Intensity Levels and Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Children. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:933-939. [PMID: 32839352 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has a substantial impact on arterial stiffness in adults; however, evidence regarding children is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured PA with different intensities and surrogate measures of arterial stiffness in healthy children. METHODS Altogether, 80 children (41 girls and 39 boys, ranging from 8-11 y) participated in this prospective, cross-sectional study. Sedentary time and PA of light, moderate, and vigorous intensity levels were measured over a period of 7 days by accelerometry. Arterial stiffness parameters, including pulse wave velocity and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), were noninvasively assessed by the oscillometric Mobil-O-Graph. Associations were tested using multiple linear regressions with adjustments for potential confounders (α ≤ .05). RESULTS PA of moderate intensity was negatively associated with cSBP (β = -0.266, P = .017). PA of vigorous intensity was inversely related to pulse wave velocity (β = -0.225, P = .045) and cSBP (β = -0.286, P = .010), respectively. CONCLUSION Higher time spent in PA of moderate and vigorous intensity is associated with reduced pulse wave velocity and lower cSBP values in children. It suggests that PA is a favorable determinant of arterial health.
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Haapala EA, Gao Y, Vanhala A, Rantalainen T, Finni T. Validity of traditional physical activity intensity calibration methods and the feasibility of self-paced walking and running on individualised calibration of physical activity intensity in children. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11031. [PMID: 32620888 PMCID: PMC7335054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no practical and valid methods for the assessment of individualised physical activity (PA) intensity in observational studies. Therefore, we investigated the validity of commonly used metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) and pre-determined PA intensity classification methods against individualised PA intensity classification in 35 children 7–11-years-of-age. Then, we studied validity of mean amplitude deviation (MAD) measured by accelerometry during self-paced walking and running in assessment of individualised PA intensity. Individualised moderate PA (MPA) was defined as V̇O2 ≥ 40% of V̇O2reserve and V̇O2 < ventilatory threshold (VT) and vigorous PA (VPA) as V̇O2 ≥ VT. We classified > 3–6 (or alternatively > 4–7) METs as MPA and > 6 (> 7) METs as VPA. Task intensities were classified according to previous calibration studies. MET-categories correctly identified 25.9–83.3% of light PA, 85.9–90.3% of MPA, and 56.7–82.2% of VPA. Task-specific categories correctly classified 53.7% of light PA, 90.6% of MPA, and 57.8% of VPA. MAD during self-paced walking discriminated MVPA from light PA (sensitivity = 67.4, specificity = 88.0) and MAD during self-paced running discriminated VPA from MPA (sensitivity = 78.8, specificity = 79.3). In conclusion, commonly used methods may misclassify PA intensity in children. MAD during self-paced running may provide a novel and practical method for determining individualised VPA intensity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A Haapala
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. .,Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ying Gao
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anssi Vanhala
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taija Finni
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Haapala EA, Wiklund P, Lintu N, Tompuri T, Väistö J, Finni T, Tarkka IM, Kemppainen T, Barker AR, Ekelund U, Brage S, Lakka TA. Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Insulin Resistance in Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:1144-1152. [PMID: 31764464 PMCID: PMC7358077 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have investigated the independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body fat percentage (BF%) with insulin resistance in children. We investigated the independent and combined associations of CRF and BF% with fasting glycemia and insulin resistance and their interactions with physical activity (PA) and sedentary time among 452 children age 6 to 8 yr. METHODS We assessed CRF with a maximal cycle ergometer exercise test and used allometrically scaled maximal power output (Wmax) for lean body mass (LM) and body mass (BM) as measures of CRF. The BF% and LM were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, fasting glycemia by fasting plasma glucose, and insulin resistance by fasting serum insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The PA energy expenditure, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and sedentary time were assessed by combined movement and heart rate sensor. RESULTS Wmax/LM was not associated with glucose (β = 0.065, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.031 to 0.161), insulin (β = -0.079, 95% CI = -0.172 to 0.015), or HOMA-IR (β = -0.065, 95% CI = -0.161 to 0.030). Wmax/BM was inversely associated with insulin (β = -0.289, 95% CI = -0.377 to -0.200) and HOMA-IR (β = -0.269, 95% CI = -0.359 to -0.180). The BF% was directly associated with insulin (β = 0.409, 95% CI = 0.325 to 0.494) and HOMA-IR (β = 0.390, 95% CI = 0.304 to 0.475). Higher Wmax/BM, but not Wmax/LM, was associated with lower insulin and HOMA-IR in children with higher BF%. Children with higher BF% and who had lower levels of MVPA or higher levels of sedentary time had the highest insulin and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Children with higher BF% together with less MVPA or higher levels of sedentary time had the highest insulin and HOMA-IR. Cardiorespiratory fitness appropriately controlled for body size and composition using LM was not related to insulin resistance among children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FINLAND
| | | | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FINLAND
| | - Taija Finni
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Ina M Tarkka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Titta Kemppainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Norwegian School of Sports Science, Oslo, NORWAY
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
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Haapala EA, Haapala HL, Syväoja H, Tammelin TH, Finni T, Kiuru N. Longitudinal associations of physical activity and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:265-273. [PMID: 32444151 PMCID: PMC7242213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the longitudinal associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents. METHODS A total of 635 adolescents (283 boys, 352 girls) aged 11-13 years participated in the study. MVPA was assessed by the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study questionnaire, and pubertal development was assessed by the Pubertal Development Scale at beginning of the 6th grade (baseline) and end of the 7th grade (follow-up). Grade point average (GPA) at the end of Grades 5 and 7 was computed from data acquired from the school registers. The data were analyzed using linear regression and analyses of covariance. RESULTS In boys, MVPA was positively associated with GPA at baseline after adjustment for age (β = 0.144, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.028-0.260, p = 0.028). In girls, the Pubertal Development Scale was positively associated with GPA at baseline (β = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.004 to 0.211, p = 0.058) and follow-up (β = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.002 to 0.211, p = 0.055) after adjustment for age, and these associations strengthened after further adjustment for MVPA (p < 0.05). Adolescents who were inactive at baseline or at baseline and follow-up had lower GPA during follow-up than their continuously highly active peers (mean difference = -0.301, 95%CI: -0.543 to -0.058, p = 0.009) and all other adolescents (mean difference = -0.247, 95%CI: -0.475 to -0.019, p = 0.029). These differences were greater in girls than in boys. CONCLUSION Lower levels of MVPA were associated with lower GPA in boys at baseline. Girls who were continuously inactive had lower GPA over the follow-up period than those who were continuously active. Finally, earlier pubertal development was associated with better academic achievement in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, FI-70211, Finland.
| | - Henna L Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Heidi Syväoja
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, FI-40700, Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, FI-40700, Finland
| | - Taija Finni
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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Farooq A, Martin A, Janssen X, Wilson MG, Gibson AM, Hughes A, Reilly JJ. Longitudinal changes in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12953. [PMID: 31646739 PMCID: PMC6916562 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) is important for childhood obesity prevention and treatment, yet declines with age. Timing and magnitude of the decline in MVPA in children and adolescents are unclear but important for informing effective obesity intervention development. This systematic review aimed to determine and compare the year-to-year changes in MVPA among children and adolescents. Longitudinal studies were identified by searching 10 relevant databases up to December 2018. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported accelerometer-assessed MVPA (min day-1 ) separately for boys and girls and had follow-up duration of at least 1 year. After screening 9,232 studies, 52 were included representing 22,091 aged 3 to 18 year olds (boys=8,857; girls=13,234). Pooled-analysis of the relative change in MVPA per year showed a decline of -3.4% (95% CI, -5.9 to -0.9) in boys and -5.3% (95% CI, -7.6 to -3.1) in girls, across all age groups. There were notable declines in MVPA at age 9 for both boys (-7.8%, 95% CI, -11.2 to -4.4) and girls (-10.2%, 95% CI, -14.2 to -6.3). The relative decline in MVPA affects both sexes from an early age; however, it is greater among girls. Interventions to promote MVPA should start before adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Farooq
- Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,School of Psychological Science and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne Martin
- Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xanne Janssen
- School of Psychological Science and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mathew G Wilson
- Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Gibson
- School of Psychological Science and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adrienne Hughes
- School of Psychological Science and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John J Reilly
- School of Psychological Science and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Cohen DA, Han B, Kraus L, Young DR. The trajectory of patterns of light and sedentary physical activity among females, ages 14-23. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223737. [PMID: 31693683 PMCID: PMC6834276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Light physical activity (LPA) and patterns of sedentary behavior influence cardio-metabolic health independently of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Understanding the trajectory and determinants of these activity levels over time may provide insights relevant to public health practice. METHODS We measured a cohort of young women recruited in middle school (age 14) using accelerometry for 1 week and remeasured them in high school (age 17) and again at age 23 (n = 385). We assessed changes in LPA and patterns of sedentary behavior by hours in a day. We examined the association of social and contextual factors, including employment status, screen time, and neighborhood context with LPA and sedentary behavior patterns. RESULTS The amount of LPA decreased over time, while the length of LPA bouts tended to increase. Sedentary bout durations increased over time and sedentary breaks decreased. Sedentary time and bout length were correlated with internet use, rather than with TV or videogaming. Employment was associated with less sedentary time; being a student was associated with longer sedentary time and bouts. CONCLUSIONS Because LPA and sedentary breaks can be protective for cardio-metabolic health, and the duration of sedentary bouts increase as women age from adolescence to young adulthood, worksites and college campuses should remind employees and students to take frequent activity breaks when they use computers and the internet for long stretches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Cohen
- Social and Economic Well Being, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bing Han
- Statistics, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America
| | - Lisa Kraus
- Statistics, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America
| | - Deborah Rohm Young
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
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Canabrava KLR, Amorim PRDS, Miranda VPN, Priore SE, Franceschini SDCC. SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192505168868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In recognition of the increasing time spent in sedentary activities in modern life, an emerging area of study linking sedentary time to health has highlighted its role in the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the indicators and characteristics of sedentary behavior associated with cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. The databases SciVerse Scopus, MEDLINE®/PubMed and LILACS were selected as a source of reference, using the associated terms “sedentary lifestyle” or “sedentary behavior” or “sedentary” AND “cardiovascular diseases” AND “child or adolescent” to identify studies published from January 2006 to March 2019. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated and a score was assigned. Fifty articles were included in this review at the end. Extensive sedentary time, especially greater screen and TV exposure time, were associated with cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, the accumulation of prolonged sedentary bouts with few breaks in sedentary time tended to compromise the cardiometabolic profile. These findings highlight the importance of differentiating and considering these various indicators and characteristics of sedentary behavior. Further studies are needed to elucidate the multiple and overlapping facets of sedentary behavior and their relationship with health, and to encourage the development of evidence-based recommendations for this population. Level of Evidence I; Systematic Review of Level I Studies.
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Associations of physical activity, sedentary time, and cardiorespiratory fitness with heart rate variability in 6- to 9-year-old children: the PANIC study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2487-2498. [PMID: 31535217 PMCID: PMC6858383 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To study the associations of physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with heart rate variability (HRV) in children. Methods The participants were a population sample of 377 children aged 6–9 years (49% boys). ST, light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and PA energy expenditure (PAEE) were assessed using a combined heart rate and movement sensor, maximal power output per kilograms of lean body mass as a measure of CRF by maximal cycle ergometer exercise test, and HRV variables (SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF) using 5 min resting electrocardiography. Data were analysed by linear regression adjusted for years from peak height velocity. Results In boys, ST was inversely associated (β = − 0.185 to − 0.146, p ≤ 0.049) and MVPA, VPA, PAEE, and CRF were directly associated (β = 0.147 to 0.320, p ≤ 0.048) with HRV variables. CRF was directly associated with all HRV variables and PAEE was directly associated with RMSSD after mutual adjustment for ST, PAEE, and CRF (β = 0.169 to 0.270, p ≤ 0.046). In girls, ST was inversely associated (β = − 0.382 to − 0.294, p < 0.001) and LPA, MPA, VPA, MVPA, and PAEE were directly associated with HRV variables (β = 0.144 to 0.348, p ≤ 0.049). After mutual adjustment for ST, PAEE, and CRF, only the inverse associations of ST with HRV variables remained statistically significant. Conclusions Higher ST and lower PA and CRF were associated with poorer cardiac autonomic nervous system function in children. Lower CRF in boys and higher ST in girls were the strongest correlates of poorer cardiac autonomic function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00421-019-04231-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Haapala EA. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases since early childhood - is keeping kids at normal weight the best investment? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1323-1325. [PMID: 31189344 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319845963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eero A Haapala
- 1 Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.,2 Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Jones RA, Blackburn NE, Woods C, Byrne M, van Nassau F, Tully MA. Interventions promoting active transport to school in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med 2019; 123:232-241. [PMID: 30904600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The systematic review investigated the effectiveness of active travel (AT) interventions on physical activity and fitness in primary school children. The review assessed intervention effectiveness, design, complexity, and study quality. Searches were conducted in five databases on 30/08/2018. Studies with an AT intervention compared to an inactive control, in 4 to 11 year olds, measuring AT or fitness outcomes were included. Two-stage screening identified relevant studies. Relevant data were extracted using Cochrane Extraction Form, Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, Active Living by Design model, and intervention Complexity Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews. Meta-analysis and Cohen's D effect size assessed effectiveness. Seventeen eligible studies were included. Effectiveness assessment found a statistically significant standardised mean difference (SMD) in AT outcomes in favour of the intervention (continuous AT - SMD 0.78 (CI 0.11-1.46); frequency AT - SMD 1.87 (CI 0.88-2.86)). Cohen's D calculation concurred with this finding. Fifteen studies had SMD favouring the intervention - two studies had SMD favouring the control. Sixteen studies received a weak quality rating - one study rated moderate. Active travel shows promise in increasing physical activity in primary school children. The review found walking school buses and educational strategies most effective for increasing relevant outcomes, although overall study quality was weak. Effect size did not associate with the complexity of an intervention, therefore supporting efforts to promote active travel through interventions may be easier to scale. Further intervention studies of greater methodological quality are necessary to confirm these findings due to the limited evidence available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Jones
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicole E Blackburn
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Molly Byrne
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Femke van Nassau
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mark A Tully
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom; UK Clinical Research Collaboration Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom; Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co Antrim BT37 0QB, United Kingdom.
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