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Zhu T, Chen Q, Chen H, You L, Liu D, Zhang X, Li F, Wu H, Tang J, Lin D, Sun K, Yan L, Ren M. Independent and interactive associations of heart rate and obesity with type 2 diabetes mellites: A population-based study. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13529. [PMID: 38599825 PMCID: PMC11006609 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although obesity and heart rate (HR) were closely related to the prevalence and development of type 2 diabetes mllitus (T2DM), few studies have shown a co-association effect of them on T2DM. We aimed at assessing the interactive effects of HR and obesity with prevalence of T2DM in Chinese population, providing the exact cutpoint of the risk threshold for blood glucose with high HR. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal study (REACTION) cohorts (N = 8398), the relationship between HR and T2DM was explored by linear regression, logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Interaction terms between HR and body mass index (BMI) and HR and waist circumference (WC) were introduced into the logistic regression model. RESULTS In those with HR > 88.0 beats/min, fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests were significantly correlated with HR, and the prevalence of T2DM was highly correlated with HR (all p < .05). There were interactive associations of HR and obesity in patients with T2DM with HR < 74 beats/min. CONCLUSION High HR was in interaction with obesity, associating with prevalence of T2DM. The newly subdivided risk threshold for HR with T2DM might be HR > 88 beats/minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qingyu Chen
- Health Examination Center, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lili You
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongshi Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Juying Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Diaozhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Wang S, Niu Y, Zhang H, Zhao Z, Zhang X. Metabolomic alterations in healthy adults traveling to low-pollution areas: A natural experiment with ozone exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165501. [PMID: 37442463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated links between short-term ozone exposure to various adverse health outcomes, but some ozone-induced pathological mechanisms remain unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we enrolled 36 healthy young adults living in high-ozone areas and performed an untargeted metabolomic analysis in serum collected before, during, and after their travel to a low-ozone scenic area. Reviewing the literature, we found 16 metabolites significantly associated with ozone, pointing to neurological health, type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, and cardiovascular health. Notably, we observed significant changes in these 16 metabolites from the ozone reduction when participants traveled from the campus to the scenic area (adjusted p-value < 0.05). However, when ozone increased after participants returned to campus from the scenic area, we observed that T2D risk and cardiovascular health-related metabolites returned to their original state (adjusted p-value < 0.05), but neurological health-related metabolites did not change significantly with ozone exposure. Our study showed that ozone exposure was linked to prompt alterations in serum metabolites related to cardiovascular health and T2D risk but less sensitive changes in neurological health-related metabolites. Among many lipids, free fatty acids and acylcarnitines were the most sensitive compounds positively associated with changes in ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yue Niu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Abughazaleh N, Boldt K, Rios JL, Mattiello SM, Collins KH, Seerattan RA, Herzog W. Aerobic and Resistance Training Attenuate Differently Knee Joint Damage Caused by a High-Fat-High-Sucrose Diet in a Rat Model. Cartilage 2023:19476035231193090. [PMID: 37655800 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231193090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and associated low-level local systemic inflammation have been linked to an increased rate of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA). Aerobic exercise has been shown to protect the knee from obesity-induced joint damage. The aims of this study were to determine (1) if resistance training provides beneficial metabolic effects similar to those previously observed with aerobic training in rats consuming a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet and (2) if these metabolic effects mitigate knee OA in a diet-induced obesity model in rats. DESIGN Twelve-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups: (1) a group fed an HFS diet subjected to aerobic exercise (HFS+Aer), (2) a group fed an HFS diet subjected to resistance exercise (HFS+Res), (3) a group fed an HFS diet with no exercise (HFS+Sed), and (4) a chow-fed sedentary control group (Chow+Sed). HFS+Sed animals were heavier and had greater body fat, higher levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, and more joint damage than Chow+Sed animals. RESULTS The HFS+Res group had higher body mass and body fat than Chow+Sed animals and higher OA scores than animals from the HFS+Aer group. Severe bone lesions were observed in the HFS+Sed and Chow+Sed animals at age 24 weeks, but not in the HFS+Res and HFS+Aer group animals. CONCLOSION In summary, aerobic training provided better protection against knee joint OA than resistance training in this rat model of HFS-diet-induced obesity. Exposing rats to exercise, either aerobic or resistance training, had a protective effect against the severe bone lesions observed in the nonexercised rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abughazaleh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kevin Boldt
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jaqueline Lourdes Rios
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Kelsey H Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruth-Anne Seerattan
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Vaishnav MS, Kumari N, Srikanta S, Krishnaswamy PR, Balaram P, Bhat N. Differential Spectrum of Albumin Glycation, Oxidation, and Truncation in Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetes: Clinical and Biological Implications. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:397-409. [PMID: 37471231 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Albumin, the most abundant and physiologically vital serum protein, accumulates a range of chemical modifications, as consequence of encounters with large number of reactive molecules whose concentrations increase in serum under pathological conditions. Methods: In a "proof of concept" study, mass spectrometric analysis was utilized to quantitate albumin post-translational modifications (glycation, oxidation, and truncation; individual isoforms and total) in four informative subject groups [type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), prediabetes-obesity and healthy; all with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/(min·m2)]. Besides glycated albumin (GA/mass spectrometry), glycated serum protein (GSP/nitro blue tetrazolium colorimetry), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c/high-performance liquid chromatography) were also measured. Results: A wide spectrum of albumin molecular modifications was identified in diabetes, with significant differences between T2DM and T1DM. Albumin glycation: GA correlated more strongly with HbA1c in T1DM, compared to T2DM. Higher albumin glycation isoforms (human serum albumin +3G/2G) were more stable and discriminative markers of mean glycemia. Albumin oxidation: T2DM, in comparison with T1DM, showed enhanced oxidative and dual (glycation plus oxidation) modifications, representing extreme molecular pathology. Albumin truncation: There was dramatic reduction ("deficiency") of truncated albumin isoforms in T2DM, and significant reduction in T1DM. Albumin truncation negatively correlated with severity of albumin glycation (mean glycemia) and albumin oxidation (cysteinylation). Possible mechanisms of insulin resistance, with associated increased free fatty acids binding to albumin, in stimulating albumin oxidation and inhibiting albumin glycation ("metabolic cross talks") are reviewed. Conclusions: Albumin molecular modifications in diabetes, together with significant differences between T2DM and T1DM, suggest possible role for insulin resistance in their genesis and consequent cell, tissue, and vascular dysfunction/damage. Albumin molecular fingerprinting can provide valuable insights into pathogenesis, diagnosis, monitoring, and future therapies for diabetes. Identification of biomarker battery ("albuminomics," "diabetomics") driven diverse "healthy," prediabetes, obesity, and T2DM phenotypes represents additional novel step toward precision medicine in diabetes and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumati S Vaishnav
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- Samatvam Endocrinology Diabetes Center, Jnana Sanjeevini Diabetes Hospital and Medical Center, Bengaluru, India
| | - Namita Kumari
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sathyanarayana Srikanta
- Samatvam Endocrinology Diabetes Center, Jnana Sanjeevini Diabetes Hospital and Medical Center, Bengaluru, India
| | - Patnam R Krishnaswamy
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Padmanabhan Balaram
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Navakanta Bhat
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Athesh K, Agnel Arul John N, Sridharan G, Brindha P, Alanazi AM, Rengasamy KRR, Balamuralikrishnan B, Liu WC, Vijaya Anand A. Protective Effect of Dolichos biflorus Seed Extract on 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:1-14. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/6251200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to be one of the severe health issues worldwide, as its prevalence continues to rise as well as its association with other chronic diseases worsens. Even though various approaches have been underway to prevent or treat obesity, alternative approaches are in need to combat this chronic condition because of the unsatisfactory effectiveness and adverse side effects of the existing approaches. Dolichos biflorus L. seeds have been employed as a weight-loss treatment in folk medicine. Considering the necessity to develop a safe alternative remedy to rising obesity, the current investigation has been set up to assess the antiobesity potential and the mode of action of the aqueous seed extract of D. biflorus (ASEDB) in a cell line (3T3-L1) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rats. For in-vitro studies, 3T3-L1 cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) augmented with adipogenic-inducing medium and the influence of the extract (10 µg/mL–500 µg/mL) on 3T3-L1 adipocyte viability, adipogenesis, and lipolysis was assessed. An in-vitro study revealed maintenance of cell viability, reduced triglycerides (TG) accumulation, and promoted lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells by ASEDB. Following in-vitro analysis, the HFD-induced obese rats were treated with ASEDB at different concentrations (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) for 60 days and the effect was evaluated through various anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The findings revealed a significant decrement in total body weight, organ weights, fat pad weights, and restoration of abnormal levels of glucose, leptin, insulin, lipid markers, and antioxidant system to normal by ASEDB treatment. Also, pancreatic lipase inhibition analysis of ASEDB revealed a modest level of inhibition with an IC50 value of 213.3 µg/mL. All these findings exposed that ASEDB possesses pronounced antiobesity potential and exhibits its protective effect by suppressing food intake, reducing fat digestion and absorption, limiting adipogenesis, enhancing lipolysis, and alleviating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaraswamy Athesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nayagam Agnel Arul John
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunagarajan Sridharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pemiah Brindha
- The Centre for Advanced Research in Indian Systems of Medicine (CARISM), SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kannan R. R. Rengasamy
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Arumugam Vijaya Anand
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
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The Cognitive Improvement and Alleviation of Brain Hypermetabolism Caused by FFAR3 Ablation in Tg2576 Mice Is Persistent under Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113591. [PMID: 36362376 PMCID: PMC9654726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are becoming increasingly prevalent across the globe. It has been established that aging is the major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and it is becoming increasingly evident that obesity and the associated insulin resistance are also notably relevant risk factors. The biological plausibility of the link between high adiposity, insulin resistance, and dementia is central for understanding AD etiology, and to form bases for prevention efforts to decrease the disease burden. Several studies have demonstrated a strong association between short chain fatty acid receptor FFAR3 and insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, it has been recently established that FFAR3 mRNA levels are increased in early stages of the AD pathology, indicating that FFAR3 could play a key role in AD onset and progression. Indeed, in the present study we demonstrate that the ablation of the Ffar3 gene in Tg2576 mice prevents the development of cognitive deficiencies in advanced stages of the disease. Notably, this cognitive improvement is also maintained upon a severe metabolic challenge such as the exposure to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Moreover, FFAR3 deletion restores the brain hypermetabolism displayed by Tg2576 mice. Collectively, these data postulate FFAR3 as a potential novel target for AD.
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Wang Y, Wu P, Huang Y, Ye Y, Yang X, Sun F, Ye YX, Lai Y, Ouyang J, Wu L, Li Y, Li Y, Zhao B, Wang Y, Liu G, Pan XF, Chen D, Pan A. BMI and lipidomic biomarkers with risk of gestational diabetes in pregnant women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2044-2054. [PMID: 36046944 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to identify BMI-related lipids and to explore the role of lipids linking BMI and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS Plasma lipidome, height, and weight were measured in early pregnancy among 1008 women. Pearson correlation analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) were performed to identify BMI-associated lipids. Based on these lipids, a lipid score was created using LASSO, and its association with GDM risk was evaluated by conditional logistic regression. The causal relationships between BMI and lipids were tested by Mendelian randomization analysis with genotyping data. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the mediating effect of lipids on the association of BMI with GDM. RESULTS Of 366 measured lipids, BMI was correlated with 28 lipids, which mainly belong to glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids. A total of 10 lipid species were associated with BMI, and a lipid score was established. A causal relationship between BMI and lysophosphatidylcholine 14:0 was observed. The lipid score was associated with a 1.69-fold increased risk of GDM per 1-point increment (95% CI: 1.33-2.15). Furthermore, BMI-associated lipids might explain 66.4% of the relationship between BMI and GDM. CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI in early pregnancy was associated with altered lipid metabolism that may contribute to the increased risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengjiang Sun
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuwei Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linjing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Antenatal Care Clinics, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Shuangliu Institute of Women's and Children's Health, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sasaki N, Maeda R, Ozono R, Yoshimura K, Nakano Y, Higashi Y. Early-Phase Changes in Serum Free Fatty Acid Levels After Glucose Intake Are Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Incidence: The Hiroshima Study on Glucose Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2309-2315. [PMID: 35944240 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental studies suggest that excess serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels result in impaired glucose metabolism. This study investigated the relationship between changes in serum FFA levels after glucose intake and type 2 diabetes risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This observational study included 6,800 individuals without diabetes who underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Serum FFA levels were measured before and 30 and 60 min after glucose intake. The percentages of changes in serum FFA levels from 0 to 30 and from 30 to 60 min were compared, and a low rate of change in FFA levels was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS Over a mean 5.3-year follow-up period, 485 participants developed type 2 diabetes. After adjusting for plasma glucose levels and indices of insulin resistance and β-cell function, low rates of change in FFA levels at 0-30 min (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.91; 95% CI 1.54-2.37) and 30-60 min (aOR 1.48; 95% CI 1.15-1.90) were associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Stratified analysis revealed that the low rate of change in FFA levels at 30-60 min (aOR 1.97; 95% CI 1.05-3.69) was associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes even in participants with normal fasting glucose levels or glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Changes in serum FFA levels within the 1st h after glucose intake could be a primary predictor of type 2 diabetes. This change may occur prior to the onset of impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Sasaki
- Health Management and Promotion Center, Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Casualty Council, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryo Maeda
- Health Management and Promotion Center, Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Casualty Council, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryoji Ozono
- Department of General Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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Regan-Smith S, Fritzen R, Hierons SJ, Ajjan RA, Blindauer CA, Stewart AJ. Strategies for Therapeutic Amelioration of Aberrant Plasma Zn2+ Handling in Thrombotic Disease: Targeting Fatty Acid/Serum Albumin-Mediated Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810302. [PMID: 36142215 PMCID: PMC9499645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation, maintenance and regulation of blood coagulation is inexorably linked to the actions of Zn2+ in blood plasma. Zn2+ interacts with a variety of haemostatic proteins in the bloodstream including fibrinogen, histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) and high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) to regulate haemostasis. The availability of Zn2+ to bind such proteins is controlled by human serum albumin (HSA), which binds 70–85% of plasma Zn2+ under basal conditions. HSA also binds and transports non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). Upon NEFA binding, there is a change in the structure of HSA which leads to a reduction in its affinity for Zn2+. This enables other plasma proteins to better compete for binding of Zn2+. In diseases where elevated plasma NEFA concentrations are a feature, such as obesity and diabetes, there is a concurrent increase in hypercoagulability. Evidence indicates that NEFA-induced perturbation of Zn2+-binding by HSA may contribute to the thrombotic complications frequently observed in these pathophysiological conditions. This review highlights potential interventions, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical that may be employed to combat this dysregulation. Lifestyle and dietary changes have been shown to reduce plasma NEFA concentrations. Furthermore, drugs that influence NEFA levels such as statins and fibrates may be useful in this context. In severely obese patients, more invasive therapies such as bariatric surgery may be useful. Finally, other potential treatments such as chelation therapies, use of cholesteryl transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors, lipase inhibitors, fatty acid inhibitors and other treatments are highlighted, which with additional research and appropriate clinical trials, could prove useful in the treatment and management of thrombotic disease through amelioration of plasma Zn2+ dysregulation in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Remi Fritzen
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | | | - Ramzi A. Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1334-463546
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Chaves AB, Zheng D, Johnson JA, Bergman BC, Patinkin ZW, Zaegel V, Biagioni EM, Krassovskaia P, Broskey NT, May LE, Dabelea D, Houmard JA, Boyle KE. Infant Mesenchymal Stem Cell Insulin Action Is Associated With Maternal Plasma Free Fatty Acids, Independent of Obesity Status: The Healthy Start Study. Diabetes 2022; 71:1649-1659. [PMID: 35621990 PMCID: PMC9490356 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical rodent and nonhuman primate models investigating maternal obesity have highlighted the importance of the intrauterine environment in the development of insulin resistance in offspring; however, it remains unclear if these findings can be translated to humans. To investigate possible intrauterine effects in humans, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord tissue of infants born to mothers of normal weight or mothers with obesity. Insulin-stimulated glycogen storage was determined in MSCs undergoing myogenesis in vitro. There was no difference in insulin action based on maternal obesity. However, maternal free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, cord leptin, and intracellular triglyceride content were positively correlated with insulin action. Furthermore, MSCs from offspring born to mothers with elevated FFAs displayed elevated activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that infants born to mothers with elevated lipid availability have greater insulin action in MSCs, which may indicate upregulation of growth and lipid storage pathways during periods of maternal overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec B. Chaves
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Jonathan A. Johnson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Bryan C. Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Zachary W. Patinkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Vincent Zaegel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ericka M. Biagioni
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Polina Krassovskaia
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Nicholas T. Broskey
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Linda E. May
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Kristen E. Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, Aurora, CO
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11
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Ávalos Y, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Lagos P, Pinto-Nuñez D, Rivera P, Burgos P, Díaz-Castro F, Joy-Immediato M, Venegas-Zamora L, Lopez-Gallardo E, Kretschmar C, Batista-Gonzalez A, Cifuentes-Araneda F, Toledo-Valenzuela L, Rodriguez-Peña M, Espinoza-Caicedo J, Perez-Leighton C, Bertocchi C, Cerda M, Troncoso R, Parra V, Budini M, Burgos PV, Criollo A, Morselli E. Palmitic acid control of ciliogenesis modulates insulin signaling in hypothalamic neurons through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:659. [PMID: 35902579 PMCID: PMC9334645 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is significantly increased in the hypothalamus of mice, when fed chronically with a high-fat diet (HFD). PA impairs insulin signaling in hypothalamic neurons, by a mechanism dependent on autophagy, a process of lysosomal-mediated degradation of cytoplasmic material. In addition, previous work shows a crosstalk between autophagy and the primary cilium (hereafter cilium), an antenna-like structure on the cell surface that acts as a signaling platform for the cell. Ciliopathies, human diseases characterized by cilia dysfunction, manifest, type 2 diabetes, among other features, suggesting a role of the cilium in insulin signaling. Cilium depletion in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons triggers obesity and insulin resistance in mice, the same phenotype as mice deficient in autophagy in POMC neurons. Here we investigated the effect of chronic consumption of HFD on cilia; and our results indicate that chronic feeding with HFD reduces the percentage of cilia in hypothalamic POMC neurons. This effect may be due to an increased amount of PA, as treatment with this saturated fatty acid in vitro reduces the percentage of ciliated cells and cilia length in hypothalamic neurons. Importantly, the same effect of cilia depletion was obtained following chemical and genetic inhibition of autophagy, indicating autophagy is required for ciliogenesis. We further demonstrate a role for the cilium in insulin sensitivity, as cilium loss in hypothalamic neuronal cells disrupts insulin signaling and insulin-dependent glucose uptake, an effect that correlates with the ciliary localization of the insulin receptor (IR). Consistently, increased percentage of ciliated hypothalamic neuronal cells promotes insulin signaling, even when cells are exposed to PA. Altogether, our results indicate that, in hypothalamic neurons, impairment of autophagy, either by PA exposure, chemical or genetic manipulation, cause cilia loss that impairs insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenniffer Ávalos
- grid.412179.80000 0001 2191 5013Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Lagos
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Pinto-Nuñez
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Rivera
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Burgos
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michelle Joy-Immediato
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslye Venegas-Zamora
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erik Lopez-Gallardo
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Kretschmar
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Batista-Gonzalez
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavia Cifuentes-Araneda
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Toledo-Valenzuela
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Rodriguez-Peña
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jasson Espinoza-Caicedo
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Perez-Leighton
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Bertocchi
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Cerda
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Center for Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Network for the Study of High-Lethality Cardiopulmonary Diseases (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.442215.40000 0001 2227 4297Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile ,grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, Dentistry Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- grid.7870.80000 0001 2157 0406Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile ,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile ,grid.442215.40000 0001 2227 4297Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: The Case for Future Pediatric Redoxomics Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071336. [PMID: 35883827 PMCID: PMC9312244 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence supports the role of oxidative stress in adult type 2 diabetes (T2D). Due to increasing rates of pediatric obesity, lack of physical activity, and consumption of excess food calories, it is projected that the number of children living with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and T2D will markedly increase with enormous worldwide economic costs. Understanding the factors contributing to oxidative stress and T2D risk may help develop optimal early intervention strategies. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress, triggered by excess dietary fat consumption, causes excess mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide emission in skeletal muscle, alters redox status, and promotes insulin resistance leading to T2D. The pathophysiological events arising from excess calorie-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production are complex and not yet investigated in children. Systems medicine is an integrative approach leveraging conventional medical information and environmental factors with data obtained from “omics” technologies such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. In adults with T2D, systems medicine shows promise in risk assessment and predicting drug response. Redoxomics is a branch of systems medicine focusing on “omics” data related to redox status. Systems medicine with a complementary emphasis on redoxomics can potentially optimize future healthcare strategies for adults and children with T2D.
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13
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Teofilović A, Vratarić M, Veličković N, Vojnović Milutinović D, Mladenovic A, Prvulovic M, Djordjevic A. Late-Onset Calorie Restriction Improves Lipid Metabolism and Aggravates Inflammation in the Liver of Old Wistar Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:899255. [PMID: 35677539 PMCID: PMC9168317 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.899255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive process that could disturb metabolic homeostasis in the liver via ectopic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and deterioration of inflammatory response. Although calorie restriction (CR) is recognized as beneficial for life span and health span prolongation, it is still unclear how late-onset CR, characterized by late beginning and short duration, affects age-related processes. The aim of this study was to examine how late-onset CR-induced metabolic adjustments impact lipid status and inflammation in the liver of old rats. The experiments were conducted on aging male Wistar rats fed ad libitum (AL) or exposed to late-onset CR (60% of AL daily intake) from 21st to 24th month. The results showed that late-onset CR reduces body weight, visceral adipose tissue and liver mass, and triglyceride levels when compared to old animals on AL diet. The ameliorating effects of CR on lipid metabolism include increased activity of AMP-activated protein kinase, suppressed de novo fatty acid synthesis, stimulated β-oxidation, decreased lipotoxicity, and limited triglyceride synthesis and packaging in the liver. Restricted diet regime, however, does not improve expression of antioxidant enzymes, although it leads to progression of age-related inflammation in the liver, partially through lower corticosterone concentration and decreased activation of glucocorticoid receptor. In conclusion, late-onset CR is able to restore age-related imbalance of lipid metabolism in the liver, but has a negative impact on hepatic inflammatory status, implying that the type of diet for older individuals must be balanced and chosen carefully with appropriate duration and start point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teofilović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Ana Teofilović,
| | - Miloš Vratarić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Veličković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Prvulovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Zhang B, Qin S, Wu Y, Zhang R, Xu Y, Yang C. Rhamnolipids Regulate Lipid Metabolism, Immune Response, and Gut Microbiota in Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886256. [PMID: 35571898 PMCID: PMC9096903 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Gut microbes influence lipid metabolism and immune responses that are key features of metabolic disorders. This study examined effects of bacterial rhamnolipids (RLS) on lipid metabolism, immune response, and gut microbiota in rats. Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups and gavage-fed for seven weeks with normal saline (NCO group), 50 mg/kg bw RLS (RLS1 group), and 100 mg/kg bw RLS (RLS2 group). Results Compared with those of the NCO group, the RLS1 and RLS2 groups showed significantly decreased fat weight, relative fat weight, and adipocyte size (P < 0.05). Furthermore, RLS1 and RLS2 significantly decreased concentrations of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). However, the total cholesterol content among the three groups (P > 0.05) were not significantly different. Serum concentrations of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly lower in the RLS2 group than those in the NCO group (P < 0.05). The relative mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase was significantly decreased, while those of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α were significantly increased in the RLS2 group compared with those in the NCO group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Ruminococcus-1, and Parabacteroides were significantly higher in the RLS2 group than those in the NCO group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggest that RLS reduces fat deposition, inhibits inflammation, regulates intestinal flora, and promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songke Qin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Anderson LJ, Lee J, Anderson B, Lee B, Migula D, Sauer A, Chong N, Liu H, Wu PC, Dash A, Li Y, Garcia JM. Whole-body and adipose tissue metabolic phenotype in cancer patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1124-1133. [PMID: 35088949 PMCID: PMC8977952 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered adipose tissue (AT) metabolism in cancer-associated weight loss via inflammation, lipolysis, and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is primarily implicated from rodent models; their contribution to AT wasting in cancer patients is unclear. METHODS Energy expenditure (EE), plasma, and abdominal subcutaneous WAT were obtained from men (aged 65 ± 8 years) with cancer, with (CWL, n = 27) or without (CWS, n = 47) weight loss, and weight-stable non-cancer patients (CON, n = 26). Clinical images were assessed for adipose and muscle area while plasma and WAT were assessed for inflammatory, lipolytic, and browning markers. RESULTS CWL displayed smaller subcutaneous AT (SAT; P = 0.05) and visceral AT (VAT; P = 0.034) than CWS, and displayed higher circulating interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.01) and WAT transcript levels of IL-6 (P = 0.029), IL-1β (P = 0.042), adipose triglyceride lipase (P = 0.026), and browning markers (Dio2, P = 0.03; PGC-1a, P = 0.016) than CWS and CON. There was no difference across groups in absolute REE (P = 0.061), %predicted REE (P = 0.18), circulating free fatty acids (FFA, P = 0.13) or parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP; P = 0.88), or WAT protein expression of inflammation (IL-6, P = 0.51; IL-1β, P = 0.29; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, P = 0.23) or WAT protein or gene expression of browning (uncoupling protein-1, UCP-1; P = 0.13, UCP-1, P = 0.14). In patients with cancer, FFA was moderately correlated with WAT hormone-sensitive lipase transcript (r = 0.38, P = 0.018, n = 39); circulating cytokines were not correlated with expression of WAT inflammatory markers and circulating PTHrP was not correlated with expression of WAT browning markers. In multivariate regression using cancer patients only, body mass index (BMI) directly predicted SAT (N = 25, R2 = 0.72, P < 0.001), VAT (N = 28, R2 = 0.64, P < 0.001), and absolute REE (N = 22, R2 = 0.43, P = 0.001), while BMI and WAT UCP-1 protein were indirectly associated with %predicted REE (N = 22, R2 = 0.45, P = 0.02), and FFA was indirectly associated with RQ (N = 22, R2 = 0.52, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cancer-related weight loss was associated with elevated circulating IL-6 and elevations in some WAT inflammatory, lipolytic and browning marker transcripts. BMI, not weight loss, was associated with increased energy expenditure. The contribution of inflammation and lipolysis, and lack thereof for WAT browning, will need to be clarified in other tumour types to increase generalizability. Future studies should consider variability in fat mass when exploring the relationship between cancer and adipose metabolism and should observe the trajectory of lipolysis and energy expenditure over time to establish the clinical significance of these associations and to inform more mechanistic interpretation of causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey J. Anderson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine‐Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Barbara Anderson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Benjamin Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Dorota Migula
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Adam Sauer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Nicole Chong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Haiming Liu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine‐Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Peter C. Wu
- Department of SurgeryVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Atreya Dash
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Yi‐Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jose M. Garcia
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine‐Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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16
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Liu X, Liu L, Zhao J, Wang H, Li Y. Mechanotransduction regulates inflammation responses of epicardial adipocytes in cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1080383. [PMID: 36589802 PMCID: PMC9800500 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1080383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial regulator in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by secreting various bioactive products to mediate the physiological function of the cardiovascular system. Accumulating evidence shows that adipose tissue disorders contribute to several kinds of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, the adipose tissue would present various biological effects depending on its tissue localization and metabolic statuses, deciding the individual cardiometabolic risk. Crosstalk between adipose and myocardial tissue is involved in the pathophysiological process of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, and myocardial infarction/atherosclerosis. The abnormal distribution of adipose tissue in the heart might yield direct and/or indirect effects on cardiac function. Moreover, mechanical transduction is critical for adipocytes in differentiation, proliferation, functional maturity, and homeostasis maintenance. Therefore, understanding the features of mechanotransduction pathways in the cellular ontogeny of adipose tissue is vital for underlining the development of adipocytes involved in cardiovascular disorders, which would preliminarily contribute positive implications on a novel therapeutic invention for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to clarify the role of mechanical stress in cardiac adipocyte homeostasis and its interplay with maintaining cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
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17
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Metabolic and physical function are improved with lifelong 15% calorie restriction in aging male mice. Biogerontology 2022; 23:741-755. [PMID: 36315375 PMCID: PMC9722841 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic calorie restriction (CR) results in lengthened lifespan and reduced disease risk. Many previous studies have implemented 30-40% calorie restriction to investigate these benefits. The goal of our study was to investigate the effects of calorie restriction, beginning at 4 months of age, on metabolic and physical changes induced by aging. Male C57BL/6NCrl calorie restricted and ad libitum fed control mice were obtained from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and studied at 10, 18, 26, and 28 months of age to better understand the metabolic changes that occur in response to CR in middle age and advanced age. Food intake was measured in ad libitum fed controls to assess the true degree of CR (15%) in these mice. We found that 15% CR decreased body mass and liver triglyceride content, improved oral glucose clearance, and increased all limb grip strength in 10- and 18-month-old mice. Glucose clearance in ad libitum fed 26- and 28-month-old mice is enhanced relative to younger mice but was not further improved by CR. CR decreased basal insulin concentrations in all age groups and improved insulin sensitivity and rotarod time to fall in 28-month-old mice. The results of our study demonstrate that even a modest reduction (15%) in caloric intake may improve metabolic and physical health. Thus, moderate calorie restriction may be a dietary intervention to promote healthy aging with improved likelihood for adherence in human populations.
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18
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Lang X, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Gu Y, Wu X, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhang X. Differences in patterns of metabolic abnormality and metabolic syndrome between early-onset and adult-onset first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105344. [PMID: 34274733 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome (MetS) often occur in schizophrenia, few studies have investigated them in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients. To our knowledge, this was the first to compare clinical correlates of metabolic abnormalities between first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) EOS and adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS) patients. A total of 489 Chinese FEDN schizophrenia patients (116 EOS and 373 AOS) and 451 healthy controls were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Blood pressure, waist circumference (WC), Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin and insulin resistance were measured. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to evaluate the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia patients, and higher scores on PANSS indicate increased severity. EOS patients had lower rates of: MetS, elevated WC, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyper-LDLC than EOS patients (all p < 0.05). In EOS patients, WC was positively associated with PANSS general psychopathology score (p = 0.04). In AOS patients, WC (p = 0.01; p = 0.02) and glucose (p < 0.001; p < 0.001) were positively associated with PANSS general psychopathology and total score. HOMA-IR was positively associated with PANSS total score (p = 0.04). Systolic BP, triglycerides and HDLC were main contributors to MetS in AOS (all p < 0.05), but not in EOS. BMI was a risk factor of MetS in EOS, while BMI and HOMA-IR were risk factors of MetS in AOS (all p < 0.05). Our results indicate differences in metabolic abnormalities patterns, risk factors and their association with clinical characteristics between Chinese EOS and AOS patients. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The datasets that support the findings of this study are not publically available due to ongoing analyses for further publications, but are available from the corresponding author X.Z. upon reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoe Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinjun Gu
- Shanghai Jinshan Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhao
- University of Shanghai For Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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19
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Hierons SJ, Marsh JS, Wu D, Blindauer CA, Stewart AJ. The Interplay between Non-Esterified Fatty Acids and Plasma Zinc and Its Influence on Thrombotic Risk in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810140. [PMID: 34576303 PMCID: PMC8471329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a major comorbidity of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite the development of numerous effective treatments and preventative strategies to address thrombotic disease in such individuals, the incidence of thrombotic complications remains high. This suggests that not all the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these events have been identified or targeted. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are increasingly regarded as a nexus between obesity, insulin resistance, and vascular disease. Notably, plasma NEFA levels are consistently elevated in obesity and T2DM and may impact hemostasis in several ways. A potentially unrecognized route of NEFA-mediated thrombotic activity is their ability to disturb Zn2+ speciation in the plasma. Zn2+ is a potent regulator of coagulation and its availability in the plasma is monitored carefully through buffering by human serum albumin (HSA). The binding of long-chain NEFAs such as palmitate and stearate, however, trigger a conformational change in HSA that reduces its ability to bind Zn2+, thus increasing the ion’s availability to bind and activate coagulation proteins. NEFA-mediated perturbation of HSA-Zn2+ binding is thus predicted to contribute to the prothrombotic milieu in obesity and T2DM, representing a novel targetable disease mechanism in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Hierons
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, Fife, UK; (S.J.H.); (J.S.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Jordan S. Marsh
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, Fife, UK; (S.J.H.); (J.S.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Dongmei Wu
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, Fife, UK; (S.J.H.); (J.S.M.); (D.W.)
| | | | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, Fife, UK; (S.J.H.); (J.S.M.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1334-463546; Fax: +44-(0)-1334-463482
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20
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Szabo Z, Koczka V, Marosvolgyi T, Szabo E, Frank E, Polyak E, Fekete K, Erdelyi A, Verzar Z, Figler M. Possible Biochemical Processes Underlying the Positive Health Effects of Plant-Based Diets-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082593. [PMID: 34444753 PMCID: PMC8398942 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets are becoming more popular for many reasons, and epidemiological as well as clinical data also suggest that a well-balanced vegan diet can be adopted for the prevention, and in some cases, in the treatment of many diseases. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the relationships between these diets and various conditions and their potential biochemical background. As whole plant foods are very rich in food-derived antioxidants and other phytochemicals, they have many positive physiological effects on different aspects of health. In the background of the beneficial health effects, several biochemical processes could stand, including the reduced formation of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) or decreased serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and altered signaling pathways such as mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, the composition of plant-based diets may play a role in preventing lipotoxicity, avoiding N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and reducing foodborne endotoxin intake. In this article, we attempt to draw attention to the growing knowledge about these diets and provide starting points for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szabo
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-513-670; Fax: +36-72-513-671
| | - Viktor Koczka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (V.K.); (E.S.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Marosvolgyi
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Eva Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (V.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Eszter Frank
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Eva Polyak
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Kata Fekete
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Attila Erdelyi
- Institute of Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Zsofia Verzar
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Figler
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, 7621 Pecs, Hungary; (E.F.); (E.P.); (Z.V.); (M.F.)
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Centre, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
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21
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Alexaki VI. The Impact of Obesity on Microglial Function: Immune, Metabolic and Endocrine Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071584. [PMID: 34201844 PMCID: PMC8307603 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased life expectancy in combination with modern life style and high prevalence of obesity are important risk factors for development of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is a feature of neurodegenerative diseases, and microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, are central players in it. The present review discusses the effects of obesity, chronic peripheral inflammation and obesity-associated metabolic and endocrine perturbations, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and increased glucocorticoid levels, on microglial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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22
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Free fatty acids and heart failure in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:608-617. [PMID: 34244123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free fatty acids (FFAs) may be associated with heart failure (HF) risk, but prospective research is lacking. OBJECTIVE This study investigated associations between fasting FFAs and HF incidence overall and by ejection fraction (EF) subtypes [HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) and HF with reduced EF (HFrEF)] to evaluate FFAs as a potential biomarker for HF risk prediction. METHODS This study was conducted in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) prospective cohort among 6,667 participants with complete baseline (2000-2002) FFAs and HF follow-up (through 2015). Associations between FFAs and HF incidence were evaluated with Cox proportional hazards regression. Cross-sectional associations between FFAs and HF risk markers were also evaluated using linear regression [N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), left ventricular (LV) mass index] and logistic regression [LV hypertrophy (LVH)]. Stratification and cross-product terms were utilized to evaluate differences by age, sex, race/ethnicity and diabetes. RESULTS FFAs were not associated with HF overall or with HFrEF. FFAs were not associated with HFpEF in the overall population or among males, but were borderline positively associated with risk among females (fully-adjusted tertile 3 vs. 1 HR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.06, 4.42) (sex P-interaction=0.05). FFAs were not associated with NT-proBNP, but were inversely associated with LV mass index and LVH with stronger associations among females (P-interaction≥0.10). Associations did not differ by age, race/ethnicity or diabetes status. CONCLUSIONS FFAs generally do not appear to be an independent predictor for HF risk. Additional research is needed to confirm findings particularly studies evaluating associations by sex and EF subtypes.
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23
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Fryk E, Olausson J, Mossberg K, Strindberg L, Schmelz M, Brogren H, Gan LM, Piazza S, Provenzani A, Becattini B, Lind L, Solinas G, Jansson PA. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the obese may develop as part of a homeostatic response to elevated free fatty acids: A mechanistic case-control and a population-based cohort study. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103264. [PMID: 33712379 PMCID: PMC7992078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is commonly accepted that in obesity free fatty acids (FFA) cause insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, which drives hyperinsulinemia. However, hyperinsulinemia is observed in subjects with normoglycaemia and thus the paradigm above should be reevaluated. Methods We describe two studies: MD-Lipolysis, a case control study investigating the mechanisms of obesity-driven insulin resistance by a systemic metabolic analysis, measurements of adipose tissue lipolysis by microdialysis, and adipose tissue genomics; and POEM, a cohort study used for validating differences in circulating metabolites in relation to adiposity and insulin resistance observed in the MD-Lipolysis study. Findings In insulin-resistant obese with normal glycaemia from the MD-Lipolysis study, hyperinsulinemia was associated with elevated FFA. Lipolysis, assessed by glycerol release per adipose tissue mass or adipocyte surface, was similar between obese and lean individuals. Adipose tissue from obese subjects showed reduced expression of genes mediating catecholamine-driven lipolysis, lipid storage, and increased expression of genes driving hyperplastic growth. In the POEM study, FFA levels were specifically elevated in obese-overweight subjects with normal fasting glucose and high fasting levels of insulin and C-peptide. Interpretation In obese subjects with normal glycaemia elevated circulating levels of FFA at fasting are the major metabolic derangement candidate driving fasting hyperinsulinemia. Elevated FFA in obese with normal glycaemia were better explained by increased fat mass rather than by adipose tissue insulin resistance. These results support the idea that hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance may develop as part of a homeostatic adaptive response to increased adiposity and FFA. Funding Swedish-Research-Council (2016-02660); Diabetesfonden (DIA2017-250; DIA2018-384; DIA2020-564); Novo-Nordisk-Foundation (NNF17OC0027458; NNF19OC0057174); Cancerfonden (CAN2017/472; 200840PjF); Swedish-ALF-agreement (2018-74560).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Fryk
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefin Olausson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Mossberg
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Strindberg
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Helén Brogren
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Department of Cardiology Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Centre for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento Italy; Computational Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Becattini
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Dep of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Solinas
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Per-Anders Jansson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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24
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Renton MC, McGee SL, Howlett KF. The role of protein kinase D (PKD) in intracellular nutrient sensing and regulation of adaptive responses to the obese environment. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13145. [PMID: 32929844 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with ectopic accumulation of lipids, which is implicated in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. As the global prevalence of obesity continues to rise, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the underlying cellular mechanisms of this disease. Protein kinase D (PKD) is an intracellular signalling kinase with well characterized roles in intracellular vesicle transport and secretion, cancer cell proliferation and cardiac hypertrophy. However, emerging evidence also highlights PKD as a novel nutrient sensor. PKD activation is mediated by the accumulation of the lipid intermediate diacylglycerol, and PKD activity in the liver, heart and adipose tissue increases upon feeding. In obesity, PKD signalling is linked to reduced insulin signalling and dysfunction in adipose tissue, liver and heart, whilst in the pancreas, PKD is essential for the compensatory increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from β-cells during obesity. Collectively, these studies reveal aspects of PKD signalling that are involved in the tissue-specific responses to obesity. This review summarizes the emerging evidence suggesting that PKD plays an important role in regulating the adaptive response to the obese environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Renton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sean L McGee
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kirsten F Howlett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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25
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Rossi A, Eid M, Dodgson J, Davies G, Musial B, Wabitsch M, Church C, Hornigold D. In vitro characterization of the effects of chronic insulin stimulation in mouse 3T3-L1 and human SGBS adipocytes. Adipocyte 2020; 9:415-426. [PMID: 32718202 PMCID: PMC7469436 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1798613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is the hallmark of the development of insulin resistance and precedes the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Here we evaluated the effects of prolonged exposure (≥4 days) to high insulin doses (150 nM) in vitro in two adipose cell types, mouse 3T3-L1 and human SGBS. Chronic insulin treatment significantly decreased lipid droplet size, insulin signalling and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. 3T3-L1 displayed an increased basal glucose internalization following chronic insulin treatment, which was associated with increased GLUT1 expression. In addition, both cells showed increased basal lipolysis. In conclusion, we report the effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia in 3T3-L1 and SGBS, highlighting similarities and discrepancies between the cell types, to be considered when using these cells to model insulin-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rossi
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research And Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - M. Eid
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research And Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Dodgson
- Biologics Therapeutics, Antibody and Protein Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. Davies
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research And Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - B. Musial
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - M. Wabitsch
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - C. Church
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research And Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - D.C. Hornigold
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research And Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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26
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Hu T, Jacobs DR, Sinaiko AR, Bazzano LA, Burns TL, Daniels SR, Dwyer T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Juonala M, Murdy KA, Prineas RJ, Raitakari OT, Urbina EM, Venn A, Woo JG, Steinberger J. Childhood BMI and Fasting Glucose and Insulin Predict Adult Type 2 Diabetes: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:2821-2829. [PMID: 32873588 PMCID: PMC7576414 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine childhood BMI, fasting glucose, and insulin in relation to incident adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium. Data included childhood (age 3-19 years) measurements obtained during the 1970s-1990s; a health questionnaire, including self-report of adult T2DM (occurrence age, medication use) obtained at mean age 40 years; and a medical diagnosis registry (Finland). RESULTS The sample included 6,738 participants. Of these, 436 (6.5%) reported onset of T2DM between ages 20 and 59 (mean 40.8) years, and 86% of them reported use of a confirmed antidiabetic medication. BMI and glucose (age and sex standardized) were associated with incident T2DM after adjustment for cohort, country, sex, race, age, and calendar year of measurement. Increasing levels of childhood BMI and glucose were related to an incrementally increased risk of T2DM beginning at age 30 years, beginning at cut points <95th percentile for BMI and <100 mg/dL for glucose. Insulin was positively associated with adult T2DM after adjustment for BMI and glucose and added to T2DM discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Childhood BMI and glucose are predictors of adult T2DM at levels previously considered to be within the normal range. These easy-to-apply measurements are appealing from a clinical perspective. Fasting insulin has the potential to be an additional predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hu
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Alan R Sinaiko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Trudy L Burns
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Terry Dwyer
- Oxford Martin School, Oxford University, Oxford, U.K
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kari A Murdy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ronald J Prineas
- Division of Public Health Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jessica G Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN
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Kao CC, Yang ZY, Cheng YW, Chen WL. Examining the association between serum free fatty acids and blood levels of testosterone. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:334-344. [PMID: 33089908 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have uncovered the effects that ingested fat has on human blood levels of testosterone. Yet, few reports have discussed the effect of circulating serum free fatty acids (FFAs). The present study aimed to explore the relationship between serum free fatty acids and blood levels of testosterone. METHODS In total, 5719 adults were pooled from the database of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2012. Based on multivariable-linear regression models, we employed a total of 30 FFAs to interpret the relationship of FFAs with blood levels of testosterone. Two models with covariate adjustments were designated for further evaluation and analysis. RESULTS Capric acid [β = -0.014, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.023, -0.004, P = 0.005], myristic acid (β = -0.001, 95% CI = -0.001, 0.000, P ≤ 0.001), pentadecanoic acid (β = -0.013, 95% CI = -0.018, -0.008, P ≤ 0.001), margaric acid (β = -0.011, 95% CI = -0.017, -0.005, P ≤ 0.001) and alpha-linolenic acid (β = -0.001, 95% CI = -0.002, 0.000, P = 0.004) in the fully adjusted model were significantly negatively correlated with the testosterone level inh obese men. In the fully adjusted model for the female analysis, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, myristoleic acid, oleic acid, nervonic acid and alpha-linolenic acid were found significantly associated with the testosterone level. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a significant negative correlation between serum FFAs and blood levels of testosterone. Furthermore, we reveal the essentiality of serum FFAs and their potential effects on the reduction of testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Z-Y Yang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y-W Cheng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - W-L Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Dushnicky MJ, Nazarali S, Mir A, Portwine C, Samaan MC. Is There A Causal Relationship between Childhood Obesity and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia? A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113082. [PMID: 33105727 PMCID: PMC7690432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The childhood obesity epidemic is impacting tens of millions of children globally. While obesity causes several cancers in adults, its potential role in causing pediatric cancers remains unclear. In this review, we assess the potential contribution of obesity to the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common pediatric cancer. We review the possible mechanisms by which the adipose tissue attracts and protects leukemia cells and how it interferes with the actions of chemotherapies used in ALL treatment. We also examine adipose tissue-secreted molecules and fuels that may support leukemia development. While there are no current definite causal links between obesity and ALL, there are plausible mechanisms that need further investigation to explore the impact of obesity on causing ALL and on impacting treatment outcomes. Abstract Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic with numerous global health implications. Over the past few years, novel insights have emerged about the contribution of adult obesity to cancer risk, but the evidence base is far more limited in children. While pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk of obesity, it is unclear if there are potential causal mechanisms by which obesity leads to ALL development. This review explores the endocrine, metabolic and immune dysregulation triggered by obesity and its potential role in pediatric ALL’s genesis. We describe possible mechanisms, including adipose tissue attraction and protection of lymphoblasts, and their impact on ALL chemotherapies’ pharmacokinetics. We also explore the potential contribution of cytokines, growth factors, natural killer cells and adipose stem cells to ALL initiation and propagation. While there are no current definite causal links between obesity and ALL, critical questions persist as to whether the adipose tissue microenvironment and endocrine actions can play a causal role in childhood ALL, and there is a need for more research to address these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly J. Dushnicky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (M.J.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Samina Nazarali
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (M.J.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Michael G. De Groote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Adhora Mir
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (M.J.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Michael G. De Groote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (M.J.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Muder Constantine Samaan
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (M.J.D.); (S.N.); (A.M.); (C.P.)
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Michael G. De Groote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Orgel E, Sea JL, Mittelman SD. Mechanisms by Which Obesity Impacts Survival from Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2020; 2019:152-156. [PMID: 31532535 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has steadily risen over the past decades, even doubling in more than 70 countries. High levels of body fat (adiposity) and obesity are associated with endocrine and hormonal dysregulation, cardiovascular compromise, hepatic dysfunction, pancreatitis, changes in drug metabolism and clearance, inflammation, and metabolic stress. It is thus unsurprising that obesity can affect the development of and survival from a wide variety of malignancies. This review focuses on acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common malignancy in children, to explore the multiple mechanisms connecting acute lymphoblastic leukemia, obesity, and adipocytes, and the implications for leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etan Orgel
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Jessica L Sea
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven D Mittelman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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LaBarre JL, Peterson KE, Kachman MT, Perng W, Tang L, Hao W, Zhou L, Karnovsky A, Cantoral A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Song PXK, Burant CF. Mitochondrial Nutrient Utilization Underlying the Association Between Metabolites and Insulin Resistance in Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5837725. [PMID: 32413135 PMCID: PMC7274492 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A person's intrinsic metabolism, reflected in the metabolome, may describe the relationship between nutrient intake and metabolic health. OBJECTIVES Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify metabolites associated with metabolic health. Path analysis classified how habitual dietary intake influences body mass index z-score (BMIz) and insulin resistance (IR) through changes in the metabolome. DESIGN Data on anthropometry, fasting metabolites, C-peptide, and dietary intake were collected from 108 girls and 98 boys aged 8 to 14 years. Sex-stratified linear regression identified metabolites associated with BMIz and homeostatic model assessment of IR using C-peptide (HOMA-CP), accounting for puberty, age, and muscle and fat area. Path analysis identified clusters of metabolites that underlie the relationship between energy-adjusted macronutrient intake with BMIz and HOMA-CP. RESULTS Metabolites associated with BMIz include positive associations with diglycerides among girls and positive associations with branched chain and aromatic amino acids in boys. Intermediates in fatty acid metabolism, including medium-chain acylcarnitines (AC), were inversely associated with HOMA-CP. Carbohydrate intake is positively associated with HOMA-CP through decreases in levels of AC, products of β-oxidation. Approaching significance, fat intake is positively associated with HOMA-CP through increases in levels of dicarboxylic fatty acids, products of omega-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional analysis suggests that IR in children is associated with reduced fatty acid oxidation capacity. When consuming more grams of fat, there is evidence for increased extramitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, while higher carbohydrate intake appears to lead to decreases in intermediates of β-oxidation. Thus, biomarkers of IR and mitochondrial oxidative capacity may depend on macronutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L LaBarre
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maureen T Kachman
- Biomedical Research Core Facilities Metabolomics Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Epidemiology and the Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ling Zhou
- Center of Statistical Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Alla Karnovsky
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Peter X K Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Charles F. Burant, MD, PhD, 6309 Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall St., Ann Arbor MI, 48105.
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Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yan T, Wu B, Xu F, Jia Y. Silychristin A activates Nrf2-HO-1/SOD2 pathway to reduce apoptosis and improve GLP-1 production through upregulation of estrogen receptor α in GLUTag cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173236. [PMID: 32497626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a glucagon-like peptide secreted mainly from intestinal L cells, possesses the functions of promoting synthesis and secretion of insulin in pancreatic β-cells, and maintaining glucose homeostasis in an insulin-independent manner. Silychristin A, a major flavonolignan from silymarin, was reported to protect pancreatic β-cells from oxidative damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. However, the role of silychristin A in the protection of intestinal L-cells is still unknown. Our current study demonstrated that palmitate (PA) inhibited protein expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and subsequently increased reactive oxygen species level to induce apoptosis and decrease GLP-1 content in intestinal L-cell line GLUTag cells. Pre-incubation of silychristin A effectively reversed PA-inactivated Nrf2-HO-1/SOD2 antioxidative pathway accompanied with decreased apoptosis level and increased GLP-1 level in GLUTag cells. As a potential target of silychristin A, estrogen receptor α was shown to be downregulated by PA stimulation, and the expression of which was improved by silychristin A in a concentration-dependent manner. Further study revealed that the treatment of estrogen receptor α antagonist MPP induced apoptosis and blocked the stimulation of GLP-1 production by silychristin A through the activation of Nrf2-HO-1/SOD2 pathway in GLUTag cells. Taken together, our study found silychristin A activated estrogen receptor α-dependent Nrf2-HO-1/SOD2 pathway to decrease apoptosis and upregulate GLP-1 production in GLUTag cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Luxin Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Ying Jia
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Di Caprio N, Bellas E. Collagen Stiffness and Architecture Regulate Fibrotic Gene Expression in Engineered Adipose Tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900286. [PMID: 32529801 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) has a dynamic extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding adipocytes that allows for remodeling during metabolic fluctuations. During the progression of obesity, AT has increased ECM deposition, stiffening, and remodeling, resulting in a pro-fibrotic dysfunctional state. Here, the incorporation of ethylene glycol-bis-succinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (PEGDS) allows for control over 3D collagen hydrogel stiffness and architecture to investigate its influence on adipocyte metabolic and fibrotic function. Upon stiffening and altering ECM architecture, adipocytes did not alter their expression of key adipokines, leptin, and adiponectin. However, they do increase actin cytoskeletal fiber formation, pro-fibrotic gene expression, ECM deposition, and remodeling within a stiffer, 3D collagen hydrogel. For example, COL6A3 gene expression is upregulated approximately twofold, resulting in increased deposition of pericellular collagen VI alpha 3 surrounding adipocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of actin contractility results in a reversal of pro-fibrotic gene expression and ECM deposition, indicating that adipocytes are mediating mechanical cues through actin cytoskeletal networks. This study demonstrates that ECM stiffness and architecture plays a critical regulatory role in adipocyte fibrotic function and contributes to the overall pro-fibrotic dysfunctional state of AT during the progression of obesity and AT fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Di Caprio
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, 1947 N. 12th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Evangelia Bellas
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, 1947 N. 12th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
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Physical activity attenuates metabolic risk of adolescents with overweight or obesity: the ICAD multi-country study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:823-829. [PMID: 31965071 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the benefits of physical activity (PA) at an early age are well established, there is no robust evidence of the role of PA as well as its intensities in attenuating the association between weight status and metabolic risk among adolescents. In this investigation, we analyzed the association between weight status, intensities of PA, and metabolic risk among adolescents. METHODS Data from six cross-sectional studies in the International Children's Accelerometry Database were used (N = 5216 adolescents; boys 14.6 ± 2.1 years and girls 14.7 ± 2.0 years). Weight status was assessed and classified according to body mass index. Fasting glucose, triglycerides, inverse high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure composed the metabolic risk indicator (z-score). PA was measured by accelerometers. The estimated age of peak height velocity was used as a covariate for somatic maturation. RESULTS We observed that increase in weight status showed a strong positive relationship with metabolic risk. However, adolescents with overweight or obesity in the highest tertile of PA (moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous intensity) showed a similar metabolic risk score as the normal weight groups. Moderate intensity PA seemed related to metabolic risk even within some categories of vigorous PA. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that PA attenuates the metabolic risk of adolescents with overweight or obesity. Although this attenuation is largely explained by vigorous PA, moderate intensity seems also important for better metabolic profile.
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Haldar S, Egli L, De Castro CA, Tay SL, Koh MXN, Darimont C, Mace K, Henry CJ. High or low glycemic index (GI) meals at dinner results in greater postprandial glycemia compared with breakfast: a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001099. [PMID: 32327444 PMCID: PMC7202752 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While circadian control of glucose metabolism is well known, how glycemic index (GI) of carbohydrate-rich meals interacts with time of consumption (breakfast or dinner) to influence postprandial (PP) glucose homeostasis is less well established. The objective of the study was to assess markers of PP glucose homeostasis following high or low GI test meals (TM) consumed either at breakfast or at dinner and following consumption of the subsequent standardized meals (SSM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Randomized crossover trial in 34 healthy, Chinese, elderly volunteers (mean±SEM age, 56.8±0.83 years), who completed 4 separate study sessions per-protocol, consisting of a high-GI breakfast, low-GI breakfast, high-GI dinner and low-GI dinner TM, followed by a SSM at the subsequent eating occasion. Blood samples were taken for 3 hours after each TM and SSM for glucose, insulin, glucagon, free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) measurements. RESULTS Consuming TM at dinner produced greater PP glycemia than breakfast both after TM and SSM (both p<0.0001), irrespective of GI. High-GI TM also produced greater PP glycemia than low-GI TM, both after TM and SSM (both p<0.01), irrespective of time of consumption. No interaction between GI and time were found on PP glycemia, indicating parallel, but independent effects. Combined total areas under the curve of TM+SSM for PP glucose (p<0.0001), PP TG (p<0.0001) and PP FFA (p<0.0001) were all greater when TM taken during dinner compared with breakfast. CONCLUSIONS Carbohydrate-rich meals consumed at dinner leads to significantly worse PP glucose homeostasis than when consumed at breakfast, on top of the independent GI effect of the meal. This may have implications to future type 2 diabetes risk. Moreover, future studies investigating GI/glycemic load (GL) and disease risk associations should factor in timing of GL consumption as an additional variable. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02927600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanto Haldar
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Leonie Egli
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Shia Lyn Tay
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Melvin Xu Nian Koh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | | | - Katherine Mace
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Zhou H, Urso CJ, Jadeja V. Saturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Associated Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1-14. [PMID: 32021375 PMCID: PMC6954080 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s229691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of various pathological conditions including insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Central to these conditions is obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation in many tissues including adipose, liver, muscle, kidney, pancreas, and brain. There is increasing evidence that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increase the phosphorylation of MAPKs, enhance the activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and elevate the expression of inflammatory genes. This paper focuses on the mechanisms by which SFAs induce inflammation. SFAs may induce the expression inflammatory genes via different pathways including toll-like receptor (TLR), protein kinase C (PKC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These findings suggest that SFAs act as an important link between obesity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - C J Urso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Viren Jadeja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
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Xu S, Schwab A, Karmacharya N, Cao G, Woo J, Kim N, An SS, Panettieri Jr RA, Jude JA. FFAR1 activation attenuates histamine-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation and cortical tension development in human airway smooth muscle cells. Respir Res 2020; 21:317. [PMID: 33256729 PMCID: PMC7708129 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of free fatty acid receptors (FFAR1 and FFAR4) which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with established (patho)physiological roles in a variety of obesity-related disorders, induce human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell proliferation and shortening. We reported amplified agonist-induced cell shortening in HASM cells obtained from obese lung donors. We hypothesized that FFAR1 modulate excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in HASM cells and play a role in obesity-associated airway hyperresponsiveness. METHODS In HASM cells pre-treated (30 min) with FFAR1 agonists TAK875 and GW9508, we measured histamine-induced Ca2+ mobilization, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, and cortical tension development with magnetic twisting cytometry (MTC). Phosphorylation of MLC phosphatase and Akt also were determined in the presence of the FFAR1 agonists or vehicle. In addition, the effects of TAK875 on MLC phosphorylation were measured in HASM cells desensitized to β2AR agonists by overnight salmeterol treatment. The inhibitory effect of TAK875 on MLC phosphorylation was compared between HASM cells from age and sex-matched non-obese and obese human lung donors. The mean measurements were compared using One-Way ANOVA with Dunnett's test for multiple group comparisons or Student's t-test two-group comparison. For cortical tension measurements by magnetic twisted cytometry, mixed effect model using SAS V.9.2 was applied. Means were considered significant when p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Unexpectedly, we found that TAK875, a synthetic FFAR1 agonist, attenuated histamine-induced MLC phosphorylation and cortical tension development in HASM cells. These physiological outcomes were unassociated with changes in histamine-evoked Ca2+ flux, protein kinase B (AKT) activation, or MLC phosphatase inhibition. Of note, TAK875-mediated inhibition of MLC phosphorylation was maintained in β2AR-desensitized HASM cells and across obese and non-obese donor-derived HASM cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings identified the FFAR1 agonist TAK875 as a novel bronchoprotective agent that warrants further investigation to treat difficult-to-control asthma and/or airway hyperreactivity in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Xu
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796The Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, USA ,Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Anthony Schwab
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Nikhil Karmacharya
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Gaoyuan Cao
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Joanna Woo
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796The Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, USA ,Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Nicholas Kim
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Steven S. An
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796The Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, USA ,Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri Jr
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796The Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, USA ,Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Joseph A. Jude
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796The Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, USA ,Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Pharmacology & Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Rm: 4276, 89, French Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
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Huang X, Yan D, Xu M, Li F, Ren M, Zhang J, Wu M. Interactive association of lipopolysaccharide and free fatty acid with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes: A community-based cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1438-1446. [PMID: 30950561 PMCID: PMC6825935 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Increased blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or free fatty acid (FFA) levels correlate with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interactive effect of serum LPS and FFA levels on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 2,553 community-dwelling Chinese adults. Fasting serum LPS levels were determined using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Chromogenic Endpoint assay, and FFA levels were determined using an enzymatic method. The participants were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of LPS or FFA levels or nine groups according to the tertiles of LPS and FFA levels. The odd ratios (ORs) for type 2 diabetes were estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We found that higher serum LPS or FFA levels were associated with higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (P < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance levels (P < 0.001) and ORs for type 2 diabetes (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, there were significant interactions between LPS and FFA in terms of the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level (P < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance level (P < 0.001) and ORs for type 2 diabetes (P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, the OR for participants with type 2 diabetes in the higher LPS and FFA level group were 6.58 (95% confidence interval 3.05-14.18, P < 0.001) compared with that in participants in the lower LPS and FFA level group. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between LPS and FFA was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuji Huang
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingtong Xu
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Feng Li
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Muchao Wu
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Kalemba KM, Wang Y, Xu H, Chiles E, McMillin SM, Kwon H, Su X, Wondisford FE. Glycerol induces G6pc in primary mouse hepatocytes and is the preferred substrate for gluconeogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18017-18028. [PMID: 31645433 PMCID: PMC6885632 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is de novo production of glucose from endogenous carbon sources. Although it is a commonly studied pathway, particularly in disease, there is a lack of consensus about substrate preference. Moreover, primary hepatocytes are the current gold standard for in vitro liver studies, but no direct comparison of substrate preference at physiological fasting concentrations has been performed. We show that mouse primary hepatocytes prefer glycerol to pyruvate/lactate in glucose production assays and 13C isotope tracing studies at the high concentrations commonly used in the literature, as well as at more relevant fasting, physiological concentrations. In addition, when glycerol, pyruvate/lactate, and glutamine are all present, glycerol is responsible for over 75% of all glucose carbons labeled. We also found that glycerol can induce a rate-limiting enzyme of GNG, glucose-6-phosphatase. Lastly, we suggest that glycerol is a better substrate than pyruvate to test in vivo production of glucose in fasting mice. In conclusion, glycerol is the major carbon source for GNG in vitro and in vivo and should be compared with other substrates when studying GNG in the context of metabolic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Kalemba
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Huiting Xu
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Eric Chiles
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Sara M McMillin
- Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903.
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Qiao X, Zhou ZC, Niu R, Su YT, Sun Y, Liu HL, Teng JL, Ye JN, Shi H, Yang CD, Cheng XB. Hydroxychloroquine Improves Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:855. [PMID: 31427967 PMCID: PMC6689966 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases has been considered as an important risk factor for lupus patients. Therefore, whether obesity is involved in the over-activation of autoimmune response has attracted more and more attention. Hydroxychloroquine is a synthetic antimalarial drug and has been the clinical treatment of rheumatic diseases irreplaceable first-line drugs. Hydroxychloroquine has been suggested to have beneficial effects on lipids and insulin sensitivity, which may contribute in lowering high cardiovascular risk in SLE patients. However, its mechanism on insulin sensitivity and lipid disorders is far from being completely understood. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of hydroxychloroquine were evaluated under pathological conditions in vivo. Obesity was induced in C57BL/6 mice fed with high-fed diet, or in mice fed with high-fat diet and hydroxychloroquine. In addition, healthy mice that received normal chow diet were also monitored. The present results revealed that hydroxychloroquine reduced weight, hepatic steatosis, glucose, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, hydroxychloroquine downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in the liver. According to these present results, genes about lipid metabolism went down in high-fat mice liver. Hydroxychloroquine shows potential in ameliorating obesity-induced pathology, which acts though PPARγ to facilitate the healthy function of hepatic tissues. This evidence shows that hydroxychloroquine plays a role in improving obesity-induced lipotoxicity and insulin resistance though the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo-Chao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Niu
- Shanghai Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tong Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Lei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Lin Teng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Na Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-De Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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40
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Su Y, Feng Z, He Y, Hong L, Liu G, Li T, Yin Y. Monosodium L-glutamate and fats change free fatty acid concentrations in intestinal contents and affect free fatty acid receptors express profile in growing pigs. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1444. [PMID: 31360149 PMCID: PMC6642617 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and its related metabolic syndrome continue to be major public health problems. Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) may cause metabolic diseases such as obesity. Meanwhile, the Chinese population has undergone rapid transition to a high-fat diet. There is little information available on the effect of MSG and fat alone, or in combination, on free fatty acids (FFAs), lipid metabolism and FFA receptors. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MSG and fat alone, or in combination, on intestinal luminal FFAs and expression of gastrointestinal FFA receptors. The aim was also to test whether dietary fat and/or MSG could affect expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism. Design A total of 32 growing pigs were used and fed with four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets. Pigs in the four treatments received diets with one of two fat concentrations levels (4.4 and 9.4%) and one of two MSG dose levels (0 and 3%), in which most of the fat were brought by soybean oil. The concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecum and colon, long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in ileum, cecum and colon, and FFAs receptors expression in hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract were determined. Results MSG and/or fat changed intestinal luminal SCFAs, levels of LCFAs, and showed an antagonistic effect on most of LCFAs. Simultaneously, MSG and/or fat decreased the expression of FFA receptors in hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract. MSG and/or fat promoted fat deposition through different ways in back fat. Conclusion Our results support that MSG and/or fat can alter intestinal luminal FFAs composition and concentration, especially LCFAs, in addition, the expression of FFA receptors in ileum and hypothalamus could be decreased. Moreover, MSG and/or fat can promote protein deposition in back fat, and affect the distribution and metabolism of fatty acids in the body tissues and the body’s ability to perceive fatty acids; these results provide a reference for the occurrence of fat deposition and obesity caused by high-fat and monosodium glutamate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zemeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
| | - Yumin He
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Hong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China.,Guangdong Wangda Group Academician Workstation for Clean Feed Technology Research and Development in Swine, Guangdong Wangda Group Co., Ltd, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
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41
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Liu Y, Charpin-El Hamri G, Ye H, Fussenegger M. A synthetic free fatty acid-regulated transgene switch in mammalian cells and mice. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:9864-9874. [PMID: 30219861 PMCID: PMC6182168 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigger-inducible transgene expression systems are utilized in biopharmaceutical manufacturing and also to enable controlled release of therapeutic agents in vivo. We considered that free fatty acids (FFAs), which are dietary components, signaling molecules and important biomarkers, would be attractive candidates as triggers for novel transgene switches with many potential applications, e.g. in future gene- and cell-based therapies. To develop such a switch, we rewired the signal pathway of human G-protein coupled receptor 40 to a chimeric promoter triggering gene expression through an increase of intracellular calcium concentration. This synthetic gene switch is responsive to physiologically relevant FFA concentrations in different mammalian cell types grown in culture or in a bioreactor, or implanted into mice. Animal recipients of microencapsulated sensor cells containing this switch exhibited significant transgene induction following consumption of dietary fat (such as Swiss cheese) or under hyperlipidaemic conditions, including obesity, diabetes and lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ghislaine Charpin-El Hamri
- Département Génie Biologique, Université Claude Bernard 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Haifeng Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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42
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Clifford SA, Gillespie AN, Olds T, Grobler AC, Wake M. Body composition: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11-12 years and their parents. BMJ Open 2019; 9:95-105. [PMID: 31273020 PMCID: PMC6624063 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overweight and obesity remain at historically high levels, cluster within families and are established risk factors for multiple diseases. We describe the epidemiology and cross-generational concordance of body composition among Australian children aged 11-12 years and their parents. DESIGN The population-based cross-sectional Child Health CheckPoint study, nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). SETTING Assessment centres in seven major Australian cities and eight regional cities, or home visits; February 2015-March 2016. PARTICIPANTS Of all participating CheckPoint families (n=1874), body composition data were available for 1872 children (49% girls) and 1852 parents (mean age 43.7 years; 88% mothers), including 1830 biological parent-child pairs. MEASURES Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio for all participants; body fat and fat-free mass by four-limb bioimpedence analysis (BIA) at assessment centres, or body fat percentage by two-limb BIA at home visits. Analysis: parent-child concordance was assessed using (i) Pearson's correlation coefficients, and (ii) partial correlation coefficients adjusted for age, sex and socioeconomic disadvantage. Survey weights and methods accounted for LSAC's complex sample design. RESULTS 20.7% of children were overweight and 6.2% obese, as were 33.5% and 31.6% of parents. Boys and girls showed similar distributions for all body composition measures but, despite similar BMI and waist-to-height ratio, mothers had higher proportions of total and truncal fat than fathers. Parent-child partial correlations were greatest for height (0.37, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.42). Other anthropometric and fat/lean measures showed strikingly similar partial correlations, ranging from 0.25 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.29) for waist circumference to 0.30 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.34) for fat-free percentage. Whole-sample and sex-specific percentile values are provided for all measures. CONCLUSIONS Excess adiposity remains prevalent in Australian children and parents. Moderate cross-generational concordance across all measures of leanness and adiposity is already evident by late childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Clifford
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alanna N Gillespie
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy Olds
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anneke C Grobler
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Bowman ER, Kulkarni M, Gabriel J, Cichon MJ, Riedl K, Belury MA, Lake JE, Richardson B, Cameron C, Cameron M, Koletar SL, Lederman MM, Sieg SF, Funderburg NT. Altered Lipidome Composition Is Related to Markers of Monocyte and Immune Activation in Antiretroviral Therapy Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and in Uninfected Persons. Front Immunol 2019; 10:785. [PMID: 31040846 PMCID: PMC6477036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have both been linked to dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Alterations in the composition of saturated (SaFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids are related to inflammation and CVD progression in HIV-uninfected (HIV-) populations. The relationships among the lipidome and markers of monocyte and immune activation in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals are not well understood. Methods: Concentrations of serum lipids and their fatty acid composition were measured by direct infusion-tandem mass spectrometry in samples from 20 ART-treated HIV+ individuals and 20 HIV- individuals. Results: HIV+ individuals had increased levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) with enrichment of SaFAs, including palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), and these levels were directly associated with markers of monocyte (CD40, HLA-DR, TLR4, CD36) and serum inflammation (LBP, CRP). PUFA levels were reduced significantly in HIV+ individuals, and many individual PUFA species levels were inversely related to markers of monocyte activation, such as tissue factor, TLR4, CD69, and SR-A. Also in HIV+ individuals, the composition of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) was enriched for SaFAs; LPC species containing SaFAs were directly associated with IL-6 levels and monocyte activation. We similarly observed direct relationships between levels of SaFAs and inflammation in HIV uninfected individuals. Further, SaFA exposure altered monocyte subset phenotypes and inflammatory cytokine production in vitro. Conclusions: The lipidome is altered in ART-treated HIV infection, and may contribute to inflammation and CVD progression. Detailed lipidomic analyses may better assess CVD risk in both HIV+ and HIV- individuals than does traditional lipid profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Bowman
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Manjusha Kulkarni
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Janelle Gabriel
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Morgan J Cichon
- Personalized Food and Nutritional Metabolomics for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth Riedl
- Personalized Food and Nutritional Metabolomics for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Cheryl Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Susan L Koletar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Guimarães RDF, Silva MPD, Mazzardo O, Martins RV, Watanabe PI, Campos WD. Metabolic risk factors clustering among adolescents: a comparison between sex, age and socioeconomic status. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:545-552. [PMID: 30726386 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018242.01352017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to compare the metabolic risk factors (MRF) between sex, age and socioeconomic status in a sample of adolescents from Curitiba, Brazil. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 997 adolescents (429 boys) aged 12-17 years old from public schools. Total Cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, Triglycerides, Glycemia, Blood Pressure, waist circumference and body mass index were measured. Sex, age and socioeconomic status information was obtained using a questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, Fisher Exact and Chi-Square Tests were used to establish the sample's characteristics and the MRF comparison between variables. We found that 27.4% were classified as overweight/obese, almost half of them had TC and LDL-c classified as limitrophe/altered, with a difference between the sexes (p < 0.01), and that a higher percentage of altered values was seen among girls. The percentage of 3 and 4 or more MRF was 13.8% and 6.3%, respectively. In addition, 86.5% of the participants had at least one and 39.7% had at least two MRF. We conclude that there was a high percentage of overweight/obese, as well as a great number of subjects with altered TC and HDL-c. We also pointed out the large percentage of aggregated metabolic risk factors in both sexes. Strategies to reduce metabolic risk factors are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseane de Fátima Guimarães
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique de la Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal. 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, QC H3T 1J4. Montréal QC Canada.
| | - Michael Pereira da Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (Unicentro). Guarapuava PR Brasil
| | - Oldemar Mazzardo
- Departamento de Educação Física, Unicentro. Mal. Cândido Rondon PR Brasil
| | | | | | - Wagner de Campos
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Curitiba PR Brasil
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Sonuga O, Abbiyesuku F, Adedapo K, Sonuga A. Insulin Resistance Index and Proatherogenic Lipid Indices in the Offspring of People with Diabetes. DUBAI DIABETES AND ENDOCRINOLOGY JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1159/000497079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases significantly contribute to medical morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Insulin resistance, a characteristic finding of type 2 diabetics and their offspring, is associated with an abnormal lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> This study therefore aims to determine the pattern of lipid biomarkers of atherogenesis and their relationship with insulin resistance index in young people with a family history of diabetes mellitus. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a cross-sectional study carried out among 150 apparently healthy young adults between 18 and 25 years of age, including 76 with a family history of diabetes mellitus in first- and/or second-degree relatives (YWFH) and 74 with no family history of diabetes mellitus (YWoFH). Anthropometric characteristics, insulin resistance index, plasma glucose, fasting lipid profile (plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and serum levels of insulin, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1), and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratios were compared in the 2 groups. Plasma glucose, total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, and TG were measured using standard methods. The Friedewald equation was used to calculate low-density cholesterol. Serum insulin, Lp(a) levels, ApoB, and ApoA-1 were also measured using standard assays. The insulin resistance index was determined using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Comparisons between variables were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and correlations between variables were performed using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. The level of significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Offspring of diabetics (YWFH) had a significantly higher median BMI (<i>p</i> = 0.015), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; <i>p</i> = 0.002), insulin resistance index (<i>p</i> = 0.038), total cholesterol (<i>p</i> = 0.017), TG (<i>p</i> = 0.004), Lp(a) (<i>p</i> = 0.045), ApoB (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.001) than the age-matched control group with no family history of diabetes mellitus (YWoFH). There was no correlation between the insulin resistance index and each of the lipid biomarkers of atherogenesis except Lp(a), with which it was negatively correlated. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study demonstrates that a positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher insulin resistance index and elevated atherogenic lipid indices; thus, a positive family history of diabetes mellitus in first or second-degree relatives when the index person is not diabetic confirms a significant cardiovascular risk.
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Pereira MJ, Lundkvist P, Kamble PG, Lau J, Martins JG, Sjöström CD, Schnecke V, Walentinsson A, Johnsson E, Eriksson JW. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Dapagliflozin Plus Once-Weekly Exenatide Versus Placebo in Individuals with Obesity and Without Diabetes: Metabolic Effects and Markers Associated with Bodyweight Loss. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:1511-1532. [PMID: 29949016 PMCID: PMC6064580 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-018-0449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exenatide reduce bodyweight via differing and complementary mechanisms. This post hoc analysis investigated the metabolic effects and baseline associations with bodyweight loss on coadministration of dapagliflozin and exenatide once weekly (QW) among adults with obesity and without diabetes. METHODS In the primary trial, adults with obesity and without diabetes [n = 50; 18-70 years; body mass index (BMI) 30-45 kg/m2] were randomized to double-blind oral dapagliflozin 10 mg (DAPA) once daily plus subcutaneous long-acting exenatide 2 mg QW (ExQW) or placebo over 24 weeks, followed by an open-label extension from 24-52 weeks during which all participants received active treatment. Primary results have been published previously. This analysis evaluated: (1) the effects of DAPA + ExQW on changes in substrates [free fatty acids (FFAs), glycerol, beta-OH-butyrate, and glucose], hormones (glucagon and insulin), and insulin secretion [insulinogenic index (IGI)] via an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and (2) associations between bodyweight loss and baseline characteristics (e.g., BMI), single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the GLP-1 pathway, and markers of glucose regulation. RESULTS Compared with placebo at 24 weeks, 2-h FFAs post-OGTT increased (mean difference, +20.4 μmol/l; P < 0.05), and fasting glucose, 2-h glucose post-OGTT, and glucose area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) decreased with DAPA + ExQW [mean differences, -0.68 mmol/l [P < 0.001], -2.20 mmol/l (P < 0.01), and -306 mmol/l min (P < 0.001), respectively]. Glucagon, glycerol, beta-OH-butyrate, and IGI did not differ by treatment group at 24 weeks. Over 52 weeks, DAPA + ExQW decreased fasting insulin, 2-h post-OGTT insulin, and insulin AUC. Among DAPA + ExQW-treated participants, for each copy of the SNP variant rs10010131 A allele (gene WFS1), bodyweight decreased by 2.4 kg (P < 0.05). Lower BMI and a lower IGI were also associated with greater bodyweight loss with DAPA + ExQW. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic effects with DAPA + ExQW included less FFA suppression versus placebo during the OGTT, suggesting compensatory lipid mobilization for energy production when glucose availability was reduced because of glucosuria. The expected increase in glucagon with DAPA did not occur with DAPA + ExQW coadministration. Bodyweight loss with DAPA + ExQW was associated with the SNP variant rs10010131 A allele, lower baseline adiposity (BMI), and lower baseline insulin secretion (IGI). These findings require further validation. FUNDING AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joey Lau
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of the present paper is to review current literature supporting the occurrence of fundamental changes in brain energy metabolism during the transition from wakefulness to sleep. RECENT FINDINGS Latest research in the field indicates that glucose utilization and the concentrations of several brain metabolites consistently change across the sleep-wake cycle. Lactate, a product of glycolysis that is involved in synaptic plasticity, has emerged as a good biomarker of brain state. Sleep-induced changes in cerebral metabolite levels result from a shift in oxidative metabolism, which alters the reliance of brain metabolism upon carbohydrates. We found wide support for the notion that brain energetics is state dependent. In particular, fatty acids and ketone bodies partly replace glucose as cerebral energy source during sleep. This mechanism plausibly accounts for increases in biosynthetic pathways and functional alterations in neuronal activity associated with sleep. A better account of brain energy metabolism during sleep might help elucidate the long mysterious restorative effects of sleep for the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Nielsen Aalling
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, 14640, USA
| | - Mauro DiNuzzo
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Ruan Y, Zhou J, Kang N, Reed-Maldonado AB, Tamaddon A, Wang B, Wang HS, Wang G, Banie L, Lin G, Liu J, Lue TF. The effect of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy in an obesity-associated erectile dysfunction rat model. BJU Int 2018; 122:133-142. [PMID: 29573106 PMCID: PMC9848222 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the feasibility of the Zucker fatty (ZF) rat as a model for research in to obesity-associated erectile dysfunction (OAED) and to determine the effect of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) on penile tissue and function in these rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight new-born male Zucker lean (ZL group) rats (ZUC-Leprfa 186) and 16 new-born male ZF rats (ZUC-Leprfa 185) were injected with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) at birth to identify and monitor endogenous stem cells. Insulin tolerance testing was performed at 10 weeks of age. Beginning at 12 weeks of age, eight ZF rats were kept as controls, and the remaining eight ZF rats were treated with Li-ESWT (0.02 mJ/mm2 , 3 Hz, 500 pulses; ZF + SW group) twice a week for 4 weeks. Following a 1-week washout period, erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Penile tissues were then harvested for histological study to assess smooth muscle/collagen content and endothelium content in the corpora cavernosum. LipidTOX™ staining was used to evaluate lipid accumulation. EdU, as a marker of cell activation, and phosphorylated histone 3 (H3P), as a marker of cell mitosis, were also assessed. RESULTS The ICP/MAP indicated that erectile function was severely impaired in the ZF group as compared with the ZL group. In the ZF + SW group, erectile function was significantly improved (P < 0.05). Muscle atrophy was seen in the ZF group, while Li-ESWT increased the muscle content in ZF + SW group. Moreover, the penile endothelium was damaged in the ZF group, and Li-ESWT enhanced the regeneration of endothelial cells (P < 0.01) in the ZF + SW group. Lipid accumulation was seen in the penile tissue of ZF rats. Li-ESWT significantly reduced both the amount and the distribution pattern of LipidTOX, suggesting decreased overall lipid infiltration. Furthermore, Li-ESWT increased EdU-positive cells and markedly enhanced the phosphorylation level of H3P at Ser-10 in the ZF + SW group. Most H3P-positive cells were located within smooth muscle cells, with some located in the endothelium suggesting that these tissues are the reservoirs of penile stem/progenitor cells. CONCLUSION ZF rats can serve as an animal model in which to study OAED. This study reveals that obesity impairs erectile function by causing smooth muscle atrophy, endothelial dysfunction, and lipid accumulation in the corpus cavernosum. Li-ESWT restored penile haemodynamic parameters in the ZF rats by restoring smooth muscle and endothelium content and reducing lipid accumulation. The underlying mechanism of Li-ESWT appears to be activation of stem/progenitor cells, which prompts cellular proliferation and accelerates penile tissue regeneration. Our findings are of interest, not just as a validation of this emerging treatment for erectile dysfunction, but also as a novel and potentially significant method to modulate endogenous stem/progenitor cells in other disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Ruan
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ning Kang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amanda B. Reed-Maldonado
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arianna Tamaddon
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bohan Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hsun Shuan Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guifang Wang
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lia Banie
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guiting Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Correspondence: Tom F. Lue, MD, Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Ave., Ste A-633, San Francisco, CA 94143-0738, USA, Phone: 415-476-1611, Fax: 415-476-8849, , Jihong Liu, MD, PhD, Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tom F Lue
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Correspondence: Tom F. Lue, MD, Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Ave., Ste A-633, San Francisco, CA 94143-0738, USA, Phone: 415-476-1611, Fax: 415-476-8849, , Jihong Liu, MD, PhD, Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030, China
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Bozic J, Markotic A, Cikes-Culic V, Novak A, Borovac JA, Vucemilovic H, Trgo G, Ticinovic Kurir T. Ganglioside GM3 content in skeletal muscles is increased in type 2 but decreased in type 1 diabetes rat models: Implications of glycosphingolipid metabolism in pathophysiology of diabetes. J Diabetes 2018; 10:130-139. [PMID: 28544772 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganglioside GM3 is found in the plasma membrane, where its accumulation attenuates insulin receptor signaling. Considering the role of skeletal muscles in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the aim of the present study was to determine the expression of GM3 and its precursors in skeletal muscles of rat models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM, respectively). METHODS Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozotocin injection (55 mg/kg, i.p., for T1DM induction; 35 mg/kg, i.p., for T2DM induction), followed by feeding of rats with either a normal pellet diet (T1DM) or a high-fat diet (T2DM). Rats were killed 2 weeks after diabetes induction and samples of skeletal muscle were collected. Frozen quadriceps muscle sections were stained with a primary antibody against GM3 (Neu5Ac) and visualized using a secondary antibody coupled with Texas Red. The muscle content of ganglioside GM3 and its precursors was analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) followed by GM3 immunostaining. RESULTS Muscle GM3 content was significantly higher in T2DM compared with control rats (P < 0.001). Furthermore, levels of the GM3 precursors ceramide, glucosylceramide, and lactosylceramide were significantly higher in T2DM compared with control rats (P < 0.05), whereas ceramide content was significantly lower in T1DM rats (P < 0.05). The intensity of the GM3 band on HPTLC was significantly higher in T2DM rats (P < 0.001) and significantly lower in T1DM rats (P < 0.05) compared with control. CONCLUSIONS The expression patterns of GM3 ganglioside and its precursors in diabetic rats suggest that the role of glycosphingolipid metabolism may differ between T2DM and T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Anita Markotic
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Cikes-Culic
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Anela Novak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Josip A Borovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vucemilovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Gorana Trgo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
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Cueno ME, Imai K. Various cellular stress components change as the rat ages: An insight into the putative overall age-related cellular stress network. Exp Gerontol 2017; 102:36-42. [PMID: 29197562 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stress is mainly comprised of oxidative, nitrosative, and endoplasmic reticulum stresses and has long been correlated to the ageing process. Surprisingly, the age-related difference among the various components in each independent stress pathway and the possible significance of these components in relation to the overall cellular stress network remain to be clearly elucidated. In this study, we obtained blood from ageing rats upon reaching 20-, 40-, and 72-wk.-old. Subsequently, we measured representative cellular stress-linked biomolecules (H2O2, glutathione reductase, heme, NADPH, NADP, nitric oxide, GADD153) and cell signals [substance P (SP), free fatty acid, calcium, NF-κB] in either or both blood serum and cytosol. Subsequently, network analysis of the overall cellular stress network was performed. Our results show that there are changes affecting stress-linked biomolecules and cell signals as the rat ages. Additionally, based on our network analysis data, we postulate that NADPH, H2O2, GADD153, and SP are the key components and the interactions between these components are central to the overall age-related cellular stress network in the rat blood. Thus, we propose that the main pathway affecting the overall age-related cellular stress network in the rat blood would entail NADPH-related oxidative stress (involving H2O2) triggering GADD153 activation leading to SP induction which in-turn affects other cell signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni E Cueno
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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