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Amini P, Okeme JO. Tear Fluid as a Matrix for Biomonitoring Environmental and Chemical Exposures. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024:10.1007/s40572-024-00454-7. [PMID: 38967858 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposures to hazardous chemicals have been linked to many detrimental health effects and it is therefore critical to have effective biomonitoring methods to better evaluate key environmental exposures that increase the risk of chronic disease and death. Traditional biomonitoring utilizing blood and urine is limited due to the specialized skills and invasiveness of collecting these fluid samples. This systematic review focuses on tear fluid, which is largely under-researched, as a promising complementary matrix to the traditional fluids used for biomonitoring. The objective is to evaluate the practicability of using human tear fluid for biomonitoring environmental exposures, highlighting potential pitfalls and opportunities. RECENT FINDING Tear fluid biomonitoring represents a promising method for assessing exposures because it can be collected with minimal invasiveness and tears contain exposure markers from both the external and internal environments. Tear fluid uniquely interfaces with the external environment at the air-tear interface, providing a surface for airborne chemicals to diffuse into the ocular environment and interact with biomolecules. Tear fluid also contains molecules from the internal environment that have travelled from the blood to tears by crossing the blood-tear barrier. This review demonstrates that tear fluid can be used to identify hazardous chemicals from the external environment and differentiate exposure groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parshawn Amini
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Joseph O Okeme
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Rupp A, Rietzler S, Di Lellis MA, Weiland T, Tschirner C, Kreuter M. Digital Smoking Cessation With a Comprehensive Guideline-Based App-Results of a Nationwide, Multicentric, Parallel, Randomized Controlled Trial in Germany. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:895-902. [PMID: 38243574 PMCID: PMC11190052 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking tobacco implies significant health hazards. Digital cessation support can get more smokers in contact with guideline-based cessation. The objective was to test the efficacy of a guideline-based smoking cessation app (NichtraucherHelden®). The hypothesis was a significantly higher cessation rate in the intervention group. METHODS The study was a nationwide, multicentric, prospective, parallel, randomized controlled trial in Germany from November 2021 to March 2023. Recruitment took place in medical practices and by telephone via study centers. Eligible participants were adult tobacco-dependent smokers according to ICD-10 (F17.2). Randomization (1:1) was operated by a computer-generated stratified 1:1 block procedure. Intervention (IG; n = 336) and control group (CG; n = 325) were briefly advised with regard to stop smoking, IG was additionally treated with the cessation app. The primary endpoint was the self-reported 7-day-point abstinence after 6 months with an intention to treat analysis. Secondary endpoints comprised prolonged abstinence and biochemically verified abstinence. The study was registered at the German Registry of Clinical Trials (DRKS00025933, UTN U1111-1268-2181) and was approved by the competent ethics committees (leading ethic committee Berlin #Eth-52/20). RESULTS Three hundred thirty six participants (IG) and 325 (CG) were analyzed. Seven-day point prevalence was significantly higher in the app group (IG) (20% vs. 10%, OR 2.2 (1.4-3.4)). Additionally, the prolonged abstinence and the objective abstinence rates were significantly higher in the app group. CONCLUSIONS The NichtraucherHelden app doubles the abstinence rate. Apps can bridge the gap between the small number of therapeutic offers and the need for modern evidence-based cessation support. IMPLICATIONS The study is the first to provide evidence for the feasibility and efficacy of guideline-based digital smoking cessation provided by a smartphone app for the German statutory health insurance (SHI) system. Smoking cessation support by smartphone apps could be broadly distributed and thus bring more smokers in contact with guideline-based cessation support than to date and increase the number of successful quitters substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rupp
- Outpatient Clinic for Pulmonary Medicine (Pneumologische Praxis im Zentrum (PiZ)), Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Kreuter
- Department of Pneumology, Mainz Centre for Pulmonary Medicine, Mainz University Medical Centre and Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Marienhaus Klinikum Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Bellini BB, Scholz JR, Abe TO, Arnaut D, Tonstad S, Alberto RL, Gaya PV, de Moraes IRA, Teixeira MJ, Marcolin MA. Does deep TMS really works for smoking cessation? A prospective, double blind, randomized, sham controlled study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110997. [PMID: 38531486 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A substantial proportion of smokers wishing to quit do not stop smoking when using current therapies to aid cessation. Magnetic pulses to specific brain areas designated as transcranial magnetic stimulation may modulate brain activity and thereby change chemical dependencies. Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) with the H4 coil stimulates neuronal pathways in the lateral prefrontal cortex and insula bilaterally, areas involved in tobacco addiction. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dTMS with T4 coil in smoking cessation. METHODS In a double blind, controlled clinical trial, adult smokers of at least 10 cigarettes/day were randomized to active (n = 50) versus sham dTMS (n = 50). The protocol involved up to 21 sessions administered over up to 12 weeks. Tobacco use was monitored by self-report and confirmed by expired air monoximetry (at each dTMS visit) and blood cotinine (at the screening visit and at the end of sessions). Participants completed abstinence, mood and cognition scales at determined timepoints during follow-up. RESULTS In the intention to-treat-analysis, the cessation rate of the intervention and control groups was 14.0%. The reported side effects were as expected for this procedure. Although there were no serious adverse events, three participants were withdrawn according to safety criteria. CONCLUSION Active treatment with dTMS H4 coil was safe but not effective for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca B Bellini
- Department of Preventive Medicine- Smoking Cessation Program, Incor (Heart Institute), Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Neurology Department of Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline R Scholz
- Department of Preventive Medicine- Smoking Cessation Program, Incor (Heart Institute), Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania O Abe
- Department of Preventive Medicine- Smoking Cessation Program, Incor (Heart Institute), Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Arnaut
- Neurology Department of Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Serena Tonstad
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rodrigo L Alberto
- Neurology Department of Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia V Gaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine- Smoking Cessation Program, Incor (Heart Institute), Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iana R A de Moraes
- Department of Preventive Medicine- Smoking Cessation Program, Incor (Heart Institute), Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel J Teixeira
- Neurology Department of Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A Marcolin
- Neurology Department of Clinical Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Yan YY, Ye F, Ho MH, Yeung KCY, Lee JJ. Biomarkers of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:655-662. [PMID: 38157415 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing globally. Biomarkers of waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) exposure are less studied. AIMS AND METHODS To identify the types of biomarkers of WTS exposure and estimate changes in biomarker concentrations pre- to post-WTS exposure. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies up to April 24, 2023. The types of biomarkers were identified. Random-effects models were used to estimate changes in biomarker concentrations pre- to post-WTS exposure. RESULTS Seventy-three studies involving 3755 participants exposed to WTS (49% male, mean age: 24.8 years) and 11 types of biomarkers of WTS exposure were identified. The biomarkers included tobacco alkaloids, expired carbon monoxide (eCO), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), tobacco-specific nitrosamines, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, unmetabolized VOCs, unmetabolized PAHs, furan metabolites, and heterocyclic aromatic amines. Compared with pre-WTS exposure, eCO (breath; mean difference [MD] 27.00 ppm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.91 to 33.08), COHb (blood; MD 4.30%; 95%CI: 2.57 to 6.03), COHb (breath; MD 7.14%; 95%CI: 4.96 to 9.31), nicotine (blood; MD 8.23 ng/mL; 95%CI: 6.27 to 10.19), and cotinine (urine; MD 110.40 ng/mL; 95%CI: 46.26 to 174.54) significantly increased post-WTS exposure. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of WTS exposure were systematically identified. The similarity between the biomarkers of WTS exposure and those of cigarette smoke and higher concentrations of some biomarkers post-WTS exposure underscore the need for further research on applying biomarkers in surveillance, interventions, and regulations to mitigate the harms of waterpipe tobacco smoking. IMPLICATIONS This study provides the first comprehensive overview of biomarkers investigated and available for assessing WTS exposure and their concentration changes in the human body. Researchers can use biomarkers such as eCO, COHb, nicotine, and cotinine to measure the health risks associated with WTS exposure and objectively evaluate the effectiveness of public health interventions aimed at reducing waterpipe tobacco smoking. Public health policymaking can also be informed through increased biomarker concentrations following WTS exposure, to implement regulations and public health education campaigns on limiting or preventing waterpipe tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang Yan
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fen Ye
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mu-Hsing Ho
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Jung Jae Lee
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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She D, Jiang S, Yuan S. Association between serum cotinine and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis in adolescent: a population-based study in the United States. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11424. [PMID: 38763979 PMCID: PMC11102917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco exposure is known to be associated with a higher prevalence and incidence of liver diseases. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is a typical indicator of tobacco exposure. However, the relationship of serum cotinine levels with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis remains controversial and these relationships need more research to explored in American teenagers. Cross-sectional data included 1433 participants aged 12-19 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017 to 2020 were thoroughly used for this study. The linear relationships between serum cotinine levels and the Liver Stiffness Measurement (LSM) and Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) were examined using multiple linear regression models. Subgroup analysis, interaction tests, and nonlinear interactions were also carried out. Serum cotinine levels > 2.99 ng/ml [β = 0.41 (0.07, 0.76), p = 0.018] and 0.05-2.99 ng/ml [β = 0.24 (0.00, 0.49), p = 0.048] showed a significant positive connection with LSM in multivariate linear regression analysis when compared to serum cotinine levels ≤ 0.05 ng/ml (p for trend = 0.006). Moreover, we discovered an inverted U-shaped association of log2-transformed cotinine with LSM with an inflection point of 4.53 using a two-stage linear regression model. However, according to multiple regression analysis, serum cotinine and CAP did not significantly correlate (p = 0.512). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that smoking cessation and keep away from secondhand smoking may beneficial for liver health in American teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan She
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangming Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Siqi Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
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Qi X, Fu J, Liu J, Wu X, Zheng X, Wang S. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and rheumatoid arthritis in US never-smoking adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11061. [PMID: 38745032 PMCID: PMC11094008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
While smoking is widely acknowledged as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the connection between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and RA in never-smoking adults remains limited and inconsistent. This study aims to explore and quantify this association using serum cotinine levels. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 14,940 adults who self-report as never smokers, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2018. Based on previous literature, SHS exposure was categorized into four groups according to serum cotinine levels. Compared to individuals in the unexposed group (serum cotinine < 0.05 ng/mL), the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for RA was 1.37 (95% CI 1.14-1.64, p = 0.001) in the low exposure group (serum cotinine at 0.05 to 0.99 ng/mL) after adjusting for covariates. However, no significant association was found in the moderate exposure group (serum cotinine at 1 to 10 ng/mL) or the heavy exposure group (serum cotinine ≥ 10 ng/mL). Furthermore, we detected a non-linear, positively saturated correlation between the cotinine levels after log2 transformation and RA, with a turning point at approximately - 2.756 ng/mL (OR = 1.163, 95% CI 1.073-1.261, p = 0.0002). The stability of the results was confirmed by subgroup analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Junwen Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yangquan Coal Group General Hospital, Yangquan, 045000, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Pain Department, Yangquan First People's Hospital, Yangquan, 045000, China
| | - Xupeng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yangquan First People's Hospital, Yangquan, 045000, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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Kunutsor SK, Tetteh J, Dey RS, Touw DJ, Dullaart RPF, Bakker SJL. Self-reported smoking, urine cotinine, and risk of type 2 diabetes: Findings from the PREVEND prospective cohort study. Prim Care Diabetes 2024:S1751-9918(24)00076-7. [PMID: 38734534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the evidence has mostly relied on self-reports. We aimed to compare the associations of smoking exposure as assessed by self-reports and urine cotinine with T2D. METHODS Using the PREVEND prospective study, smoking status was assessed at baseline by self-reports and urine cotinine in 4708 participants (mean age, 53 years) without a history of diabetes. Participants were classified as never, former, light current and heavy current smokers according to self-reports and analogous cut-offs for urine cotinine. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated for T2D. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 259 participants developed T2D. Compared with self-reported never smokers, the multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CI) of T2D for former, light current, and heavy current smokers were 1.02 (0.75-1.4), 1.41 (0.89-2.22), and 1.30 (0.88-1.93), respectively. The corresponding adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 0.84 (0.43-1.67), 1.61 (1.12-2.31), and 1.58 (1.08-2.32), respectively, as assessed by urine cotinine. Urine cotinine-assessed but not self-reported smoking status improved T2D risk prediction beyond established risk factors. CONCLUSION Urine cotinine assessed smoking status may be a stronger risk indicator and predictor of T2D compared to self-reported smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - John Tetteh
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard S Dey
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Hospital, Legon, Ghana
| | - Daan J Touw
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Neophytou AM, Aalborg J, Magzamen S, Moore BF, Ferrara A, Karagas MR, Trasande L, Dabelea D. Bridging Differences in Cohort Analyses of the Relationship between Secondhand Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy and Birth Weight: The Transportability Framework in the ECHO Program. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:57007. [PMID: 38771935 PMCID: PMC11108581 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates for the effects of environmental exposures on health outcomes, including secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, often present considerable variability across studies. Knowledge of the reasons behind these differences can aid our understanding of effects in specific populations as well as inform practices of combining data from multiple studies. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the presence of effect modification by measured sociodemographic characteristics on the effect of SHS exposure during pregnancy on birth weights that may drive differences observed across cohorts. We also aimed to quantify the extent to which differences in the cohort mean effects observed across cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium are due to differing distributions of these characteristics. METHODS We assessed the presence of effect modification and transportability of effect estimates across five ECHO cohorts in a total of 6,771 mother-offspring dyads. We assessed the presence of effect modification via gradient boosting of regression trees based on the H-statistic. We estimated individual cohort effects using linear models and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE). We then estimated transported effects from one cohort to each of the remaining cohorts using a robust nonparametric estimation approach relying on TMLE estimators and compared them to the original effect estimates for these cohorts. RESULTS Observed effect estimates varied across the five cohorts, ranging from significantly lower birth weight associated with exposure [- 167.3 g ; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 270.4 , - 64.1 ] to higher birth weight with wide CIs, including the null (42.4 g ; 95% CI: - 15.0 , 99.8). Transported effect estimates only minimally explained differences in the point estimates for two out of the four cohort pairs. DISCUSSION Our findings of weak to moderate evidence of effect modification and transportability indicate that unmeasured individual-level and contextual factors and sources of bias may be responsible for differences in the effect estimates observed across ECHO cohorts. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13961.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Neophytou
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jenny Aalborg
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Brianna F. Moore
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Alamil H, Colsoul ML, Heutte N, Van Der Schueren M, Galanti L, Lechevrel M. Exocyclic DNA adducts and oxidative stress parameters: useful tools for biomonitoring exposure to aldehydes in smokers. Biomarkers 2024; 29:154-160. [PMID: 38506499 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2333361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exocyclic DNA adducts have been shown to be potential biomarkers of cancer risk related to oxidative stress and exposure to aldehydes in smokers. In fact, aldehydes potentially arise from tobacco combustion directly and endogenously through lipid peroxidation. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the relationship between a profile of nine aldehydes-induced DNA adducts and antioxidant activities, in order to evaluate new biomarkers of systemic exposure to aldehydes. METHODS Using our previously published UPLC-MS/MS method, adducts levels were quantified in the blood DNA of 34 active smokers. The levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E), coenzyme Q10, β-carotene, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein were measured. RESULTS Adducts induced by tobacco smoking-related aldehydes were quantified at levels reflecting an oxidative production from lipid peroxidation. A significant correlation between SOD and crotonaldehyde-induced adducts (p = 0.0251) was also observed. β-Carotene was negatively correlated with the adducts of formaldehyde (p = 0.0351) and acetaldehyde (p = 0.0413). Vitamin C tended to inversely correlate with acetaldehyde-induced adducts (p = 0.0584). CONCLUSION These results are promising, and the study is now being conducted on a larger cohort with the aim of evaluating the impact of smoking cessation programs on the evolution of adducts profile and antioxidants activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héléna Alamil
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ABTE EA4651, Caen, France
- CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
| | | | - Natacha Heutte
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CETAPS EA3832, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Mathilde Lechevrel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ABTE EA4651, Caen, France
- CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
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Abrantes AM, Browne J, Uebelacker LA, Anderson BJ, Barter S, Shah Z, Kunicki ZJ, Caviness C, Price LH, Desaulniers J, Brown RA. Randomized Controlled Trial of Aerobic Exercise for Smoking Cessation Among Individuals With Elevated Depressive Symptoms. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:634-638. [PMID: 37819741 PMCID: PMC11033564 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adults with depression have higher rates of cigarette smoking and are more likely to relapse than those without depression. Pharmacological, psychological, and combined interventions have largely yielded small improvements in smoking outcomes for adults with depression. Aerobic exercise (AE) may facilitate smoking cessation in this subpopulation. METHODS This study was a 12-week two-arm randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effect of a moderate-intensity AE program compared to a health education contact (HEC) control on smoking cessation in adults with elevated depressive symptoms (mild to severe). Participants (n = 231) were randomized to AE or HEC and received smoking cessation treatment (telephone counseling and nicotine replacement therapy). Primary (biologically confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence) and secondary (depressive symptoms, objective and self-reported physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness) outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Data were analyzed with mixed-effects generalized linear models controlling for age, gender, nicotine dependence, history of major depression disorder, and month of follow-up assessment. RESULTS There were no significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes between the AE and HEC groups. CONCLUSIONS The AE program was not superior to HEC in facilitating smoking cessation, increases in physical activity, or improved depressive symptoms. Given evidence for the positive acute effects of exercise on mood and smoking urges, future research should consider testing alternative exercise approaches for aiding smoking cessation beyond structured, AE programs. IMPLICATIONS This study found that an adjunctive aerobic exercise (AE) program was not superior to a health education contact control for adults with elevated depressive symptoms, all of whom also received standard smoking cessation treatment. This finding adds to the growing body of literature that structured AE programs for smoking cessation may have limited efficacy for cessation outcomes. Future research is needed to test alternative methods of integrating AE into smoking cessation treatment, such as strategically using exercise to manage cravings and low mood in the moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Abrantes
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Julia Browne
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychology and School of Nursing, Research Service, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lisa A Uebelacker
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bradley J Anderson
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarah Barter
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zainab Shah
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zachary J Kunicki
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Celeste Caviness
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H Price
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Julie Desaulniers
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Wu Z, Bao L, Wang H, Zheng J, Chen Y, Wang W, Qiu D. Association between weight-adjusted waist index and serum total testosterone in males aged 6-19 years in the United States: Data from NHANES 2013-2016. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27520. [PMID: 38496858 PMCID: PMC10944222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to estimate the association between weight-adjusted waist index and serum total testosterone (sTT) in males aged 6-19 years in the United States. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2016. sTT was considered as the response variable, and weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) as the independent variable. Multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the association between the two variables, and subgroup analysis was performed to identify sensitive cohorts. Smoothing curve fitting and threshold effects analysis was carried out to assess possible nonlinear relationships between WWI and sTT. Results The study included 4207 participants. The mean value of sTT (117.93 ng/dl) was used as the grouping basis, with 1066 participants having serum total testosterone levels above the mean. A negative association was observed between WWI and sTT [beta coefficient (β) = -72.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): -79.45, -65.55], which decreased as WWI increased (P for trend<0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated a stronger negative correlation in late adolescent (16-19 years) males (β = -128.94, 95% CI: -146.75, -111.13). The smoothing curve fit analysis revealed a U-shaped curve relationship for the negative correlation between WWI and sTT. Threshold effect analysis suggested a significant change when WWI exceeded 10.09 (β = -15.82, 95% CI: -24.11, -7.54), and stepwise threshold effect analysis indicated that this negative correlation became less stable when WWI exceeded 11.45 (β = -0.80, 95% CI: -9.15, 7.56). Conclusions Participants with higher WWI exhibited lower total testosterone levels, and a negative association was found between WWI and total testosterone, particularly in late adolescent males aged 16-19 years. Among males aged 6-19 years, caution should be exercised regarding the risk of lower testosterone levels associated with elevated WWI, particularly when WWI is below 10.09.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Lingling Bao
- Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiajing Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Dongkai Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Liu S, Wu S, Bao X, Ji J, Ye Y, Guo J, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Hao D, Huang D. Changes in Blood Pressure is Associated with Bone Loss in US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study from NHANES 2005-2018. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:276-285. [PMID: 38261009 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension and osteoporosis are common geriatric diseases, sharing similar risk factors. This study aims to investigate this association and explore relatively mixed variables. Our study included 12,787 eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. Included participants had valid data on hypertension and osteoporosis, without tumors, liver diseases, gout or thyroid diseases. We explored the association between hypertension and osteoporosis by logistic regression and examined blood pressure and BMD/BMC by linear and non-linear regression. Moreover, we used machine learning models to predict the importance of various factors in the occurrence of osteoporosis and evaluated causality by mendelian randomization. Our study found that osteoporosis is significantly associated with hypertension [OR 2.072 (95% CI 2.067-2.077), p < 0.001]. After adjusting for co-variances, the association remained significant [OR 1.223 (95% CI 1.220-1.227), p < 0.001]. Our study showed that osteoporosis is positively associated with hypertension in the US population. A variety of factors influence this relationship. Specific regulatory mechanisms and confounding factors need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xueyuan Bao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiajia Ji
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yuxing Ye
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jinniu Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jiateng Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Dageng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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13
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Wang R, Hall JM, Salloum RG, Kates F, Cogle CR, Bruijnzeel AW, Hong YR, LeLaurin JH. Prevalence of Underreported Nicotine Exposure Among US Nonsmoking Adults: A Comparison of Self-Reported Exposure and Serum Cotinine Levels From NHANES 2013-2020. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:298-306. [PMID: 37647621 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secondhand smoke (SHS) poses a significant health risk. However, individuals who do not smoke may be unaware of their exposure, thereby failing to take protective actions promptly. AIMS AND METHODS We assessed the prevalence of underreported nicotine exposure in a nationally representative sample of US nonsmoking adults using data from the US National Health and Examination Survey. Individuals with underreported nicotine exposure were defined as those who reported no exposure to all tobacco products (traditional tobacco, nicotine replacements, and e-cigarettes) or SHS, yet had detectable levels of serum cotinine (>0.015 ng/mL). We fitted logistic regression models to determine sociodemographic and chronic condition factors associated with underreported nicotine exposure. RESULTS Our analysis included 13 503 adults aged 18 years and older. Between 2013 and 2020, the prevalence of self-reported SHS exposure, serum cotinine-assessed nicotine exposure, and underreported nicotine exposure among US nonsmokers were 22.0%, 51.2%, and 34.6%, respectively. Remarkably, 67.6% with detectable serum cotinine reported no SHS exposure. Males, non-Hispanic blacks, individuals of other races (including Asian Americans, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders), and those without cardiovascular diseases were more likely to underreport nicotine exposure than their counterparts. The median serum cotinine value was higher in respondents who reported SHS exposure (0.107 ng/mL) than in those who reported no exposure (0.035 ng/mL). We estimate that approximately 56 million US residents had underreported nicotine exposure. CONCLUSIONS Over a third of US nonsmokers underreport their nicotine exposure, underlining the urgent need for comprehensive public awareness campaigns and interventions. Further research into sociodemographic determinants influencing this underreporting is needed. IMPLICATIONS Understanding the extent of underreported nicotine exposure is crucial for developing effective public health strategies and interventions. It is imperative to bolster public consciousness about the risks associated with SHS. Additionally, surveillance tools should also incorporate measures of exposure to outdoor SHS and e-cigarette vapor to enhance the quality of data monitoring. Findings from this study can guide tobacco control initiatives and inform smoke-free air legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Wang
- Department of Health Services Research, Management & Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Hall
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Frederick Kates
- Department of Health Services Research, Management & Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher R Cogle
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Young-Rock Hong
- Department of Health Services Research, Management & Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer H LeLaurin
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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14
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Knapp DW, Dhawan D, Ruple A, Cooper BR, Zhang M, Liu D, Ramos-Vara JA, Bonney PL, Fourez LM, Enstrom AW, Lahrman SA, Tullius JA. Association between cigarette smoke exposure and urinary bladder cancer in Scottish terriers in a cohort study. Vet J 2024; 303:106044. [PMID: 38000695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Canine urothelial carcinoma (UC) initially responds favorably to treatment, but is ultimately lethal in most cases. Research to identify modifiable risk factors to prevent the cancer is essential. The high breed-associated risk for UC, e.g. 20-fold higher in Scottish terriers, can facilitate this research. The objective was to identify environmental and host factors associated with UC in a cohort of Scottish terriers. Information was obtained through dog owner questionnaires for 120 Scottish terriers ≥ 6 years old participating in a bladder cancer screening study, with comparisons made between dogs that did or did not develop UC during the 3 years of screening. Univariable models were constructed, and variables with P < 0.20 were included when building the multivariable model, and then removed using a backward stepwise procedure. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Urine cotinine concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to further investigate potential cigarette smoke exposure. Biopsy-confirmed UC which was found in 32 of 120 dogs, was significantly associated with the dogs living in a household with cigarette smokers (odds ratio [OR], 6.34; 95 % confidence intervals [CI], 1.16-34.69; P = 0.033), living within a mile of a marsh or wetland (OR, 21.23; 95 % CI, 3.64-123.69; P = 0.001), and history of previous bladder infections (OR, 3.87; 95 % CI, 1.0-14.98; P = 0.050). UC was diagnosed in 18 of 51 dogs (35.3 %) with quantifiable cotinine concentrations, and six of 40 dogs (15.0 %) without quantifiable cotinine concentrations in their urine (P = 0.0165). In conclusion, the main modifiable risk factor for UC in this cohort of dogs was exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - D Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - A Ruple
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, 700 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - B R Cooper
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - M Zhang
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Statistics, College of Science, Purdue University, 150 N. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - D Liu
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Purdue University, 150 N. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J A Ramos-Vara
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 725 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - P L Bonney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - L M Fourez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - A W Enstrom
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S A Lahrman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J A Tullius
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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15
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Wipfli H, Arinaitwe J, Goma F, Atuyambe L, Guwatudde D, Phiri MM, Rutebemberwa E, Wabwire-Mangen F, Zulu R, Zyambo C, Guy K, Kusolo R, Mukupa M, Musasizi E, Tucker JS. A phone-based tobacco use cessation program for people living with HIV in Uganda and Zambia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2024; 19:6. [PMID: 38243301 PMCID: PMC10797805 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-024-00438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and short messaging service (SMS)-based tobacco cessation interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing tobacco use in many populations, but evidence is needed on which tailored treatments are most efficacious in meeting the complex medical and psychosocial factors confronting people living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper describes the protocol of a study to test the efficacy of both NRT and a tailored SMS-based tobacco use cessation intervention among PLWH in Uganda and Zambia. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, 800 adult PLWH who use tobacco will be recruited by health care professionals at HIV treatment centers where they are receiving care. Participants will be randomized to one of the four study arms: (1) standard of care [SOC; brief clinician advice to quit combined with HIV education and information aimed at encouraging HIV treatment adherence (with no mention of tobacco) delivered via text messages]; (2) SOC + 12 weeks of NRT; (3) SOC + 6 weeks of SMS text messages to support quitting tobacco use (SMS); or (4) SOC + NRT + SMS. Participants will receive a cell phone and solar panel with power bank for charging the phone. The main outcome is cessation of tobacco use by study participants verified by urinary cotinine (< 15 ng/mL) at 6 months post-enrollment. As a secondary tobacco use outcome, we will measure 7-day point-prevalence abstinence (7 consecutive days of no tobacco use) measured by self-report and biochemically-verified at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months post enrollment. DISCUSSION Our study will provide insight into the efficacy, feasibility and applicability of delivering tobacco cessation interventions through health care professionals combined with tailored tobacco cessation SMS text messaging in two countries with different tobacco use patterns, policy environments, and health care resources and provide needed information to providers and policymakers looking for cost-effective tobacco cessation interventions. The previously tested SMS-platform to be used in our study is uniquely positioned to be scaled in low- and middle-income countries worldwide, in which case evidence of even modest success in reducing the prevalence of tobacco consumption among PLWH could confer enormous health and economic benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05487807. Registered August 4, 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT05487807.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Wipfli
- Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Jim Arinaitwe
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Centre for Tobacco Control in Africa, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fastone Goma
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Centre For Primary Care Research, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Lynn Atuyambe
- School of Public Health, Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Guwatudde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Masauso Moses Phiri
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Centre For Primary Care Research, Lusaka, Zambia
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Elizeus Rutebemberwa
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy, Makerere University, Planning, and Management, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred Wabwire-Mangen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Zulu
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Centre For Primary Care Research, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Cosmas Zyambo
- School of Public Health, Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kyra Guy
- Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ronald Kusolo
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Centre for Tobacco Control in Africa, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Musawa Mukupa
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Centre For Primary Care Research, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ezekiel Musasizi
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Centre for Tobacco Control in Africa, Kampala, Uganda
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16
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Lehtovirta M, Pahkala K, Rovio SP, Magnussen CG, Laitinen TT, Niinikoski H, Lagström H, Viikari JSA, Rönnemaa T, Jula A, Ala-Korpela M, Raitakari OT. Association of tobacco smoke exposure with metabolic profile from childhood to early adulthood: the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:103-115. [PMID: 37655930 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the associations between passive tobacco smoke exposure and daily smoking with a comprehensive metabolic profile, measured repeatedly from childhood to adulthood. METHODS AND RESULTS Study cohort was derived from the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Smoking status was obtained by questionnaire, while serum cotinine concentrations were measured using gas chromatography. Metabolic measures were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics at 9 (n = 539), 11 (n = 536), 13 (n = 525), 15 (n = 488), 17 (n = 455), and 19 (n = 409) years. Association of passive tobacco smoke exposure with metabolic profile compared participants who reported less-than-weekly smoking and had serum cotinine concentration <1 ng/mL (no exposure) with those whose cotinine concentration was ≥10 ng/mL (passive tobacco smoke exposure). Associations of daily smoking with metabolic profile in adolescence were analysed by comparing participants reporting daily smoking with those reporting no tobacco use and having serum cotinine concentrations <1 ng/mL. Passive tobacco smoke exposure was directly associated with the serum ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids [β = 0.34 standard deviation (SD), (0.17-0.51), P < 0.0001] and inversely associated with the serum ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Exposure to passive tobacco smoke was directly associated with very-low-density lipoprotein particle size [β = 0.28 SD, (0.12-0.45), P = 0.001] and inversely associated with HDL particle size {β = -0.21 SD, [-0.34 to -0.07], P = 0.003}. Daily smokers exhibited a similar metabolic profile to those exposed to passive tobacco smoke. These results persisted after adjusting for body mass index, STRIP study group allocation, dietary target score, pubertal status, and parental socio-economic status. CONCLUSION Both passive and active tobacco smoke exposures during childhood and adolescence are detrimentally associated with circulating metabolic measures indicative of increased cardio-metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia Lehtovirta
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tomi T Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu & Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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17
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Kyung Y, Park YS, Jin MH, Lee HJ. Variability in the association of smoking status with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the Korean population according to different definitions of smoking status: analysis based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2020). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38174714 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the association between smoking and diabetes, as well as the effects of gender differences and hidden smoking among females on this association using nationally representative data. Analyzing data from 44,049 individuals aged 19 and older, we utilized multivariable logistic regression to investigate associations, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Subgroup analysis based on smoking status determined factors associated with diabetes. To better our understanding of the smoking-diabetes relationship, we introduced a new variable, survey-cotinine verified smoking status (SCS). This study provides valuable insight by exploring the correlation between smoking and diabetes using different definitions of smoking status. Both male and female smokers showed correlations with diabetes according to cotinine-verified smoking status (OR: 1.22 and 1.48, respectively). According to smoking amount, cotinine-verified heavy smokers correlated with diabetes in males (OR: 1.37), while light smokers exhibited a negative correlation with diabetes in females for both cotinine-verified smoking status (OR: 0.60) and survey-cotinine verified status (OR: 0.58) Smoking was associated with diabetes in the overall population, with gender differences observed. When evaluating this association, we should consider variables of smoking amount, passive and intermittent smoking, and specifically, account for the influence of hidden smoking among females, particularly when utilizing self-reported questionnaires in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechan Kyung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Young Sook Park
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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18
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Schoeps VA, Cortese M, Munger KL, Mancuso JD, Niebuhr DW, Peng X, Ascherio A, Bjornevik K. Smoking and multiple sclerosis risk in black people: A nested case-control study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 81:105375. [PMID: 38104478 PMCID: PMC10843624 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a well-established risk factor for MS; however, it is not known whether its effect on disease risk varies by race/ethnicity. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study among US military personnel who have serum samples stored at the Department of Defense Serum Repository. We measured serum cotinine levels, a marker of tobacco smoke exposure, in 157 Black and 23 White individuals who developed MS during follow-up. Controls were randomly selected and matched to each case by age, sex, race/ethnicity, dates of sample collection, and branch of military service. RESULTS Smoking was not associated with an increased risk of MS in Black people (RR: 1.08, 95 % CI: 0.63-1.85). The results remained similar in analyses restricted to smoking status at baseline, to samples collected 5 years before symptom onset, and using different cut-off levels in cotinine to define smoking status. Smoking was not statistically significantly associated with MS risk in White people, but the point estimate was similar to what has previously been reported in other studies (RR: 1.85, 95 % CI: 0.56-6.16). CONCLUSIONS Smoking was not associated with MS risk in Black people. Given the consistent association between smoking and MS risk in predominantly White populations, this may suggest that the association between smoking and MS varies by race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius A Schoeps
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marianna Cortese
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kassandra L Munger
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Mancuso
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David W Niebuhr
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaojing Peng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kjetil Bjornevik
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Liu X, Zhou X, Li X, Wei Y, Wang T, Liu S, Yang H, Sun X. Saliva Analysis Based on Microfluidics: Focusing the Wide Spectrum of Target Analyte. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-23. [PMID: 38039145 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2287656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is one of the most critical human body fluids that can reflect the state of the human body. The detection of saliva is of great significance for disease diagnosis and health monitoring. Microfluidics, characterized by microscale size and high integration, is an ideal platform for the development of rapid and low-cost disease diagnostic techniques and devices. Microfluidic-based saliva testing methods have aroused considerable interest due to the increasing need for noninvasive testing and frequent or long-term testing. This review briefly described the significance of saliva analysis and generally classified the targets in saliva detection into pathogenic microorganisms, inorganic substances, and organic substances. By using this classification as a benchmark, the state-of-the-art research results on microfluidic detection of various substances in saliva were summarized. This work also put forward the challenges and future development directions of microfluidic detection methods for saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojia Li
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixuan Wei
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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20
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van de Meeberg MM, Fidder HH, Oldenburg B, Sundaresan J, Struys EA, Montazeri NSM, Mares WGN, Mahmmod N, van Asseldonk DP, Lutgens MWMD, Kuyvenhoven JP, Rietdijk ST, Nissen LHC, Koehestanie P, de Boer NKH, de Jonge R, Bouma G, Bulatović Ćalasan M. Therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate in patients with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 58:1151-1162. [PMID: 37767910 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has the potential to improve efficacy and diminish side effects. Measuring methotrexate-polyglutamate (MTX-PG) in erythrocytes might enable TDM for methotrexate in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). AIM To investigate the relationship between MTX-PGs and methotrexate drug survival, efficacy and toxicity METHODS: In a multicentre prospective cohort study, patients with CD starting subcutaneous methotrexate without biologics were included and followed for 12 months. Primary outcome was subcutaneous methotrexate discontinuation or requirement for step-up therapy. Secondary outcomes included faecal calprotectin (FCP), Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI), hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal intolerance. Erythrocyte MTX-PGs were analysed at weeks 8, 12, 24 and 52 or upon treatment discontinuation. RESULTS We included 80 patients with CD (mean age 55 ± 13y, 35% male) with a median FCP of 268 μg/g (IQR 73-480). After the 12-month visit, 21 patients (26%) were still on subcutaneous methotrexate monotherapy. Twenty-one patients stopped because of disease activity, 29 because of toxicity, and four for both reasons. Five patients ended study participation or stopped methotrexate for another reason. A higher MTX-PG3 concentration was associated with a higher rate of methotrexate drug survival (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99), lower FCP (β -3.7, SE 1.3, p < 0.01) and with biochemical response (FCP ≤250 if baseline >250 μg/g; OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.3). Higher MTX-PGs were associated with less gastrointestinal intolerance. There was no robust association between MTX-PGs and HBI or hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Higher MTX-PG3 concentrations are related to better methotrexate drug survival and decreased FCP levels. Therefore, MTX-PG3 could be used for TDM if a target concentration can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje M van de Meeberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Herma H Fidder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Oldenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Janani Sundaresan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eduard A Struys
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nahid S M Montazeri
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wout G N Mares
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, the Netherlands
| | - Nofel Mahmmod
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk P van Asseldonk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NWZ Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Maurice W M D Lutgens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Johan P Kuyvenhoven
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Svend T Rietdijk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Loes H C Nissen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Parweez Koehestanie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bravis Hospital, Roosendaal, the Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert de Jonge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerd Bouma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maja Bulatović Ćalasan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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21
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Anfinsen ÅM, Rosendahl-Riise H, Nygård O, Tell GS, Ueland PM, Ulvik A, McCann A, Dierkes J, Lysne V. Exploratory analyses on the effect of time since last meal on concentrations of amino acids, lipids, one-carbon metabolites, and vitamins in the Hordaland Health Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3079-3095. [PMID: 37498368 PMCID: PMC10468919 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary intake may have pronounced effects on circulating biomarker concentrations. Therefore, the aim was to provide a descriptive overview of serum metabolite concentrations in relation to time since last meal, focusing on amino acids, lipids, one-carbon metabolites, and biomarkers of vitamin status. METHODS We used baseline data from the observational community-based Hordaland Health Study, including 2960 participants aged 46-49 years and 2874 participants aged 70-74 years. A single blood draw was taken from each participant, and time since last meal varied. Estimated marginal geometric mean metabolite concentrations were plotted as a function of time since last meal, up to 7 h, adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. RESULTS We observed a common pattern for nearly all amino acids and one-carbon metabolites with highest concentrations during the first 3 h after dietary intake. Homocysteine and cysteine were lowest the 1st hour after a meal, while no patterns were observed for glutamate and glutamic acid. The concentrations of phylloquinone and triglycerides were highest 1 h after dietary intake. Thiamine and thiamine monophosphate concentrations were highest, while flavin mononucleotide concentrations were lowest within the first 2 h after a meal. No clear patterns emerged for the other fat-soluble vitamins, blood lipids, or B-vitamin biomarkers. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that distinguishing between "fasting" and "non-fasting" blood samples may be inadequate, and a more granular approach is warranted. This may have implications for how to account for dietary intake when blood sampling in both clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åslaug Matre Anfinsen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Hanne Rosendahl-Riise
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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22
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Bjørke-Monsen AL, Varsi K, Sakkestad ST, Ulvik A, Ebbing C, Ueland PM. Lower levels of the neuroprotective tryptophan metabolite, kynurenic acid, in users of estrogen contraceptives. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16370. [PMID: 37773439 PMCID: PMC10541439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in kynurenine metabolites are reported in users of estrogen containing contraception. We have assessed kynurenines, vitamin B6, vitamin B2 and the inflammation markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and neopterin, in healthy, never-pregnant women between 18 and 40 years (n = 123) and related this to their use of hormonal contraception. The population included 58 women, who did not use hormonal contraceptives (non-users), 51 users of estrogen-containing contraceptives (EC-users), and 14 users of progestin only contraceptives (PC-users). EC-users had significantly lower plasma kynurenic acid (KA) and higher xanthurenic acid (XA) levels compared to non-users. Serum CRP was significantly higher and negatively associated with both vitamin B6 and B2 status in EC-user compared to non-users. No significant differences in any parameters were seen between PC-users and non-users (p > 0.1). The low KA and high XA concentration in users of estrogen containing contraception resemble the biochemical profile observed in vitamin B6 deficiency. The hormonal effect may result from interference with the coenzyme function of vitamin B6 and B2 for particular enzymes in the kynurenine metabolism. KA has been suggested to be neuroprotective and the significantly reduced concentration in EC-users may be of importance in the observed increased risk of mood disorders among users of oral contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Bjørke-Monsen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway.
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Førde Central Hospital, Førde, Norway.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kristin Varsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Cathrine Ebbing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Beroukhim G, Kayani J, Taylor HS, Pal L. Examining the association between urinary triclosan levels and menopausal status: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003 to 2016. Menopause 2023; 30:906-912. [PMID: 37625087 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between urinary levels of triclosan (TCS), a ubiquitous endocrine disrupter, and menopausal status using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study from 2003 to 2016 was conducted among US female participants who completed the reproductive health questionnaire and provided TCS-level measurements. Exposure was assessed by urinary TCS levels adjusted for urinary creatinine; levels were log-transformed to achieve normal distribution for parametric analyses. Menopausal status was based on participants' responses to: "What is the reason that you have not had a period in the past 12 months?" Multivariable linear regression analyses examined the association between creatinine-adjusted urinary TCS levels and menopausal status after adjusting for age at survey completion, body mass index, race, ethnicity, and smoking exposure. RESULTS Of the final sample of female participants (n = 6,958), 40% identified as postmenopausal, of whom 60% had experienced natural menopause, and of these, 11% had become menopausal at under 40 years of age. Triclosan levels correlated positively with advancing age (r = 0.09, P < 0.001) and inversely with body mass index (r = -0.09, P < 0.001). Smoking exposure was associated with significantly lower TCS levels (P < 0.001). Compared with premenopausal women, postmenopausal women had significantly higher log-transformed, creatinine-adjusted TCS levels (mean, -1.22 ± 1.79 vs -1.51 ± 1.79 ng/mg creatinine; P < 0.001). Triclosan levels were unrelated to the duration of menopause and did not differ between women who underwent natural versus surgical menopause, and premature menopause versus menopause at 40 years or older. In unweighted multivariate linear regression analyses, menopausal status was independently associated with higher urinary TCS levels after adjusting for covariates (β coefficient, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.020-0.323; P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS In a nationally representative sample, postmenopausal status was associated with higher urinary TCS levels, observations that merit further investigation into potential exposures and health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Beroukhim
- From the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Hugh S Taylor
- From the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Zhang Y, Liu M, Xie R. Associations between cadmium exposure and whole-body aging: mediation analysis in the NHANES. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1675. [PMID: 37653508 PMCID: PMC10469832 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Even though cadmium (Cd) exposure and cellular senescence (telomere length) have been linked in previous studies, composite molecular aging biomarkers are more significant and reliable factors to consider when examining the connection between metal exposure and health outcomes. The purpose of this research was to assess the association between urinary cadmium (U-Cd) and whole-body aging (phenotypic age). METHODS Phenotypic age was calculated from chronological age and 9 molecular biomarkers. Multivariate linear regression models, subgroup analysis, and smoothing curve fitting were used to explore the linear and nonlinear relationship between U-Cd and phenotypic age. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the mediating effect of U-Cd on the association between smoking and phenotypic age. RESULTS This study included 10,083 participants with a mean chronological age and a mean phenotypic age of 42.24 years and 42.34 years, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, there was a positive relationship between U-Cd and phenotypic age [2.13 years per 1 ng/g U-Cd, (1.67, 2.58)]. This association differed by sex, age, and smoking subgroups (P for interaction < 0.05). U-Cd mediated a positive association between serum cotinine and phenotypic age, mediating a proportion of 23.2%. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that high levels of Cd exposure are associated with whole-body aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Department of Gland Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- Department of Hand & Microsurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, No.336 Dongfeng South Road, Zhuhui District, Hunan Province, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Ruijie Xie
- Department of Hand & Microsurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, No.336 Dongfeng South Road, Zhuhui District, Hunan Province, Hengyang, 421002, China.
- Hengyang Medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
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25
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Prystupa K, Delgado GE, Moissl AP, Kleber ME, Birkenfeld AL, Heni M, Fritsche A, März W, Wagner R. Clusters of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes stratify all-cause mortality in a cohort of participants undergoing invasive coronary diagnostics. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:211. [PMID: 37592260 PMCID: PMC10436494 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneous metabolic clusters have been identified in diabetic and prediabetic states. It is not known whether such pathophysiologic clusters impact survival in at-risk persons being evaluated for coronary heart disease. METHODS The LURIC Study recruited patients referred for coronary angiography at a median age of 63 (IQR 56-70) with a follow-up of 16.1 (IQR 9.6, 17.7) years. Clustering of 1269 subjects without diabetes was performed with oGTT-derived glucose and insulin; fasting triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, BMI, waist and hip circumference. Patients with T2D (n = 794) were clustered using age, BMI, glycemia, homeostasis model assessment, and islet autoantibodies. Associations of clusters with mortality were analysed using Cox regression. RESULTS Individuals without diabetes were classified into six subphenotypes, with 884 assigned to subjects at low-risk (cluster 1,2,4) and 385 at high-risk (cluster 3,5,6) for diabetes. We found significantly increased mortality in clusters 3 (hazard ratio (HR)1.42), 5 (HR 1.43), and 6 (HR 1.46) after adjusting for age, BMI, HbA1c and sex. In the T2D group, 508 were assigned to mild age-related diabetes (MARD), 183 to severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), 84 to mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), 19 to severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD). Compared to the low-risk non-diabetes group, crude mortality was not different in MOD. Increased mortality was found for MARD (HR 2.2), SIRD (HR 2.2), and SIDD (HR 2.5). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic clustering successfully stratifies survival even among persons undergoing invasive coronary diagnostics. Novel clustering approaches based on glucose metabolism can identify persons who require special attention as they are at risk of increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Prystupa
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPDBW), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angela P Moissl
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ für Humangenetik Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Augsburg and Mannheim, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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McGraw KE, Nigra AE, Klett J, Sobel M, Oelsner EC, Navas-Acien A, Hu X, Sanchez TR. Blood and Urinary Metal Levels among Exclusive Marijuana Users in NHANES (2005-2018). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:87019. [PMID: 37646523 PMCID: PMC10467359 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marijuana is the third most used drug in the world. OBJECTIVES Because the cannabis plant is a known scavenger of metals, we hypothesized that individuals who use marijuana will have higher metal biomarker levels compared with those who do not use. METHODS We combined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2018) for n = 7,254 participants, classified by use: non-marijuana/non-tobacco, exclusive marijuana, exclusive tobacco, and dual marijuana and tobacco use. Five metals were measured in blood and 16 in urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; urinary metals were adjusted for urinary creatinine. RESULTS Participants reporting exclusive marijuana use compared with non-marijuana/non-tobacco use had statistically significantly higher mean cadmium levels in blood [1.22 μ g / L (95% CI: 1.11, 1.34); p < 0.001 ] and urine [1.18 μ g / g (95% CI: 1.0, 1.31); p = 0.004 ] and statistically significantly higher mean lead levels in blood [1.27 μ g / dL (95% CI: 1.07, 1.50); p = 0.006 ] and urine [1.21 μ g / g (95% CI: - 0.006 , 1.50); p = 0.058 ]. DISCUSSION Our results suggest marijuana is a source of cadmium and lead exposure. Research regarding cannabis use and cannabis contaminants, particularly metals, should be conducted to address public health concerns related to the growing number of cannabis users. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn E. McGraw
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne E. Nigra
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Klett
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marisa Sobel
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tiffany R. Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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du Toit WL, Kruger R, Gafane-Matemane LF, Schutte AE, Louw R, Mels CMC. Using urinary metabolomics to identify metabolic pathways linked to cardiac structural alterations in young adults: The African-PREDICT study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1574-1582. [PMID: 37246075 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Risk factor exposure from young ages was shown to contribute to cardiovascular events - cardiac hypertrophy, which may be accompanied by an altered metabolism. To determine how early metabolic alterations associate with myocardial structural changes, we profiled urinary metabolites in young adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor(s) and a control group without CVD risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS We included healthy adults (N = 1202), aged 20-30 years, stratified based on risk factors, i.e., obesity, physical inactivity, elevated blood pressure (BP), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, low socio-economic status, smoking and excessive alcohol use - forming the CVD risk group (N = 1036) and the control group (N = 166). Relative wall thickness (RWT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMi) were measured using echocardiography. Targeted metabolomics data were obtained using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Clinic systolic BP, 24 h BP and RWT were higher in the CVD risk group compared to the control group (all P ≤ 0.031). Exclusively in the CVD risk group, RWT associated with creatine and dodecanoylcarnitine; while LVMi associated with glycine, serine, glutamine, threonine, alanine, citrulline, creatine, proline, pyroglutamic acid and glutamic acid (all P ≤ 0.040). Exclusively in the control group, LVMi associated with propionylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine (all P ≤ 0.009). CONCLUSION In young adults without CVD, but with CVD risk factors, LVMi and RWT associated with metabolites linked energy metabolism (shifting from solely fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis, with impaired creatine kinase activity) and oxidative stress. Our findings support early onset metabolic changes accompanying cardiac structural alterations due to lifestyle and behavioural risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel L du Toit
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ruan Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lebo F Gafane-Matemane
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roan Louw
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Catharina M C Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Zettergren A, Sompa S, Palmberg L, Ljungman P, Pershagen G, Andersson N, Lindh C, Georgelis A, Kull I, Melen E, Ekström S, Bergstrom A. Assessing tobacco use in Swedish young adults from self-report and urinary cotinine: a validation study using the BAMSE birth cohort. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072582. [PMID: 37438074 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies on health effects of tobacco often rely on self-reported exposure data, which is subjective and can lead to misclassification. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of cigarette smoking, snus and e-cigarette use, as well as to validate self-reported tobacco use among young adults in Sweden. METHOD Participants of a population-based Swedish cohort (n=3052), aged 22-25 years, assessed their tobacco use in a web questionnaire. Urinary cotinine was analysed in a subsample of the study population (n=998). The agreement between self-reported tobacco use and urinary cotinine was assessed using Cohen's Kappa coefficient (κ) at a cut-off level of 50 ng/mL. RESULTS Patterns of tobacco use differed between men and women. Among men, 20.0% reported daily snus use, 5.8% daily cigarette smoking and 5.6% any e-cigarette use. In contrast, 3.2% of the women reported daily snus use, 9.0% daily cigarette smoking and 2.4% any e-cigarette use. Among the tobacco use categories, daily snus users had the highest levels of cotinine. Of reported non-tobacco users, 3.5% had cotinine levels above the cut-off, compared with 68.0% among both occasional cigarette smokers and snus users, 67.5% among all e-cigarette users and 94.7% and 97.8% among daily cigarette smokers and snus users, respectively. Agreement between self-reported tobacco use and urinary cotinine was classified as strong for daily use of cigarettes (κ=0.824) and snus (κ=0.861), while moderate to weak for occasional smoking (κ=0.618), occasional snus use (κ=0.573) and any e-cigarette use (κ=0.576). CONCLUSIONS We found high validity of self-reported tobacco use in our study population, particularly for daily tobacco use. Further, we found that daily snus users were exposed to high levels of cotinine. Together with previous findings, our results indicate good validity of self-reported tobacco use among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zettergren
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shanzina Sompa
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Andersson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Antonios Georgelis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Ekström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergstrom
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ogbutor C, Mishaw SM, Mulla ZD. Mediation Analysis of Maternal Smoking, Gestational Age, and Birth Weight on the Texas-Mexico Border. South Med J 2023; 116:478-481. [PMID: 37263610 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Published data on the indirect effect of maternal smoking on birth weight as mediated by gestational age in Hispanic populations are lacking. Our goal was to conduct such a mediation analysis using data from El Paso County, Texas. METHODS El Paso County is located on the US-Mexico border. A simple mediation analysis was conducted using year 2010 El Paso County birth certificate data. The SAS macro PROCESS 3.5.3 was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of active maternal smoking (by trimester) on birth weight (in grams) in the setting of linear regression. The single mediator was gestational age in weeks. A direct or indirect effect was deemed to be present if the 95% confidence limits (CLs) excluded 0. Analyses were adjusted for multiple variables, including maternal prepregnancy body mass index. The indirect effect was reported along with a 95% bootstrap CL. RESULTS A total of 16,654 singleton births were included in the cohort. The majority of the mothers were White Hispanic (87.2%). The mean (standard deviation) birth weight was 3198.6 g (517.2). A direct effect of maternal smoking during each trimester on birth weight was detected. An indirect effect of maternal smoking on birth weight was not detected in any of the trimesters. In adjusted analyses for the third trimester, the indirect effect for every 1-U increase in the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was -4.18 (95% bootstrap CL -10.64 to 1.99). CONCLUSIONS In our large, predominantly Hispanic cohort, it appears that gestational age is not a mediator of the effect of maternal smoking on birth weight. Future studies in our population should explore other possible mediators of this association.
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Skov-Jeppesen SM, Kobylecki CJ, Jacobsen KK, Bojesen SE. Changing Smoking Behavior and Epigenetics: A Longitudinal Study of 4,432 Individuals From the General Population. Chest 2023; 163:1565-1575. [PMID: 36621758 PMCID: PMC10258440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomethylation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) gene indicates long-term smoking exposure and might therefore be a monitor for smoking-induced disease risk. However, studies of individual longitudinal changes in AHRR methylation are sparse. RESEARCH QUESTION How does the recovery of AHRR methylation depend on change in smoking behaviors and demographic variables? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study included 4,432 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study, with baseline and follow-up blood samples and smoking information collected approximately 10 years apart. AHRR methylation at the cg05575921 site was measured in bisulfite-treated leukocyte DNA. Four smoking groups were defined: participants who never smoked (Never-Never), participants who formerly smoked (Former-Former), participants who quit during the study period (Current-Former), and individuals who smoked at both baseline and follow-up (Current-Current). Methylation recovery was defined as the increase in AHRR methylation between baseline and follow-up examination. RESULTS Methylation recovery was highest among participants who quit, with a median methylation recovery of 5.58% (interquartile range, 1.79; 9.15) vs 1.64% (interquartile range, -1.88; 4.96) in the Current-Current group (P < .0001). In individuals who quit smoking, older age was associated with lower methylation recovery (P < .0001). In participants who quit aged > 65 years, methylation recovery was 5.9% at 5.6 years after quitting; methylation recovery was 8.5% after 2.8 years for participants who quit aged < 55 years. INTERPRETATION AHRR methylation recovered after individuals quit smoking, and recovery was more pronounced and occurred faster in younger compared with older interim quitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune Moeller Skov-Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Camilla Jannie Kobylecki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Katja Kemp Jacobsen
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Health and Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Egil Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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García-Jiménez J, Gómez-Sierra FJ, Martínez-Hortelano A, Moreno-Merino P, Girela-Serrano B, Molero P, Gutiérrez-Rojas L. Cigarette smoking and risk of suicide in bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1179733. [PMID: 37275988 PMCID: PMC10235444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1179733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly prevalent, chronic and recurrent mental illness. The smoking rates in patients with BD are much higher than those of the general population, and BD is associated with an increased risk of suicide. An association between smoking and suicidal behavior has been found in the general population, this systematic review examines whether there is evidence of an association between smoking and suicide behavior in patients with BD. Method A database search was carried out in Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, updated until December 31st, 2021, according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. We identified prospective and retrospective studies that included patients diagnosed with BD types I, II, and not otherwise specified, and in which smoking and suicidal behavior were correlated. Articles that focused exclusively on other mental disorders were excluded. The Ottawa-Newcastle scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included articles. Results Fifteen articles (n = 7,395) met all the inclusion criteria. In nine of these articles, the authors found an association between smoking and suicidal behavior in BD, while in the remaining six articles, this association was not found. A great deal of variability was observed between articles, particularly in the measurement of suicidal behavior and tobacco consumption. The risk of bias, as assessed by the NOS, was high for most of the included articles, except for two papers, whose risk was low. Conclusion It was not possible to establish a clear relationship between tobacco use and the risk of suicide in BD patients due to the heterogeneity of the articles included in this systematic review, which had different sample sizes and methodological issues. However, both conditions are highly prevalent and have a negative impact on the prognosis of BD. Therefore, a systematic approach is needed, based on accurate measurement of a patient's smoking habits and their risk of suicidal behavior, in order to establish an appropriate therapeutic plan. Additional information This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors and was registered on PROSPERO with the CRD42022301570 on January 21th 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paula Moreno-Merino
- Mental Health Unit at Estepona, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Braulio Girela-Serrano
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Department of Psychiatry, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Research Group (CTS-549), Neuroscience Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Patti MA, Croen LA, Chen A, Fallin MD, Khoury J, Lyall K, Newschaffer C, Hertz-Picciotto I, Schmidt RJ, Yolton K, Braun JM. Prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and susceptibility to autism-related traits: the EARLI and HOME studies. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1415-1424. [PMID: 37140384 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study sought to examine whether familial susceptibility for autism, intensity of ASD-related behaviors, or prepregnancy BMI influences the association of GWG with ASD-related behaviors. METHODS Using data from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) study (n = 136), a familial enriched cohort of mothers who had a previous child with ASD, and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) study (n = 253), a general population cohort, gestational age and prepregnancy BMI category-specific GWG z scores were calculated. Caregivers completed the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) to assess the presence and severity of ASD-related traits in children aged 3 to 8 years. Using quantile regression, the association between GWG z scores and ASD-related behaviors in children was estimated. RESULTS In HOME, among mothers who had overweight or obesity prepregnancy BMI values, GWG z scores and SRS scores were positively associated in children with more ASD-related traits (higher SRS scores), but not in children with fewer ASD-related traits. Similar patterns were observed in EARLI among mothers with prepregnancy obesity. CONCLUSIONS GWG may be associated with autism-related behaviors among children who have a greater predisposition to these behaviors and who have mothers with prepregnancy overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Patti
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jane Khoury
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Craig Newschaffer
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- College of Health & Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Hebing RC, Lin M, Bulatovic Calasan M, Muller IB, Mahmoud S, Heil S, Struys EA, van den Bemt BJ, Twisk JW, Lems W, Nurmohamed MT, Jansen G, de Jonge R. Pharmacokinetics of oral and subcutaneous methotrexate in red and white blood cells in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: the methotrexate monitoring trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:460-467. [PMID: 36543526 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate polyglutamate (MTX-PG) accumulation in red blood cells (RBCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after oral and subcutaneous MTX treatment. METHODS In a clinical prospective cohort study (Methotrexate Monitoring study), newly diagnosed patients with RA were randomised for oral or subcutaneous MTX. At 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after therapy initiation, blood was collected and RBCs and PBMCs were isolated. MTX-PG1-6 concentrations were determined by mass spectrometry methods using stable isotopes of MTX-PG1-6 as internal standards. RESULTS 43 patients (mean age: 58.5 years, 77% female) were included. PBMCs and RBCs revealed disparate pharmacokinetic profiles in both absolute MTX-PG accumulation levels and distribution profiles. Intracellular MTX-PG accumulation in PBMCs was significantly (p<0.001) 10-fold to 20-fold higher than RBCs at all time points, regardless of the administration route. MTX-PG distribution in PBMCs was composed of mostly MTX-PG1 (PG1>PG2>PG3). Remarkably, the distribution profile in PBMCs remained constant over 6 months. RBCs accumulated mainly MTX-PG1 and lower levels of MTX-PG2-5 at t=1 month. After 3 months, MTX-PG3 was the main PG-moiety in RBCs, a profile retained after 6 months of MTX therapy. Subcutaneous MTX administration results in higher RBC drug levels than after oral administration, especially shortly after treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study reporting disparate MTX-PG accumulation profiles in RBCs versus PBMCs in newly diagnosed patients with RA during 6 months oral or subcutaneous MTX administration. This analysis can contribute to improved MTX therapeutic drug monitoring for patients with RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR 7149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Cf Hebing
- Reade, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marry Lin
- Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maja Bulatovic Calasan
- Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ittai B Muller
- Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sohaila Mahmoud
- Reade, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heil
- Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard A Struys
- Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos Wr Twisk
- Methodology and Applied Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Lems
- Reade, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael T Nurmohamed
- Reade, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert de Jonge
- Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC VUMC Site, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Noguez JH, Koch CD. Bridging the gap: The critical role of laboratory developed tests in clinical toxicology. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2023; 28:70-74. [PMID: 36872953 PMCID: PMC9982682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
•Toxicology testing provides valuable information for patient management.•Current in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) are unable to meet all clinical needs.•Lab-developed tests (LDTs) in toxicology can be used to close clinical care gaps.•LDTs in clinical toxicology are almost exclusively mass spectrometry-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime H Noguez
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher D Koch
- Department of Pathology, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Sanford Laboratories, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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du Toit WL, Kruger R, Gafane-Matemane LF, Schutte AE, Louw R, Mels CMC. Markers of arterial stiffness and urinary metabolomics in young adults with early cardiovascular risk: the African-PREDICT study. Metabolomics 2023; 19:28. [PMID: 36988718 PMCID: PMC10060307 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased exposure to risk factors in the young and healthy contributes to arterial changes, which may be accompanied by an altered metabolism. OBJECTIVES To increase our understanding of early metabolic alterations and how they associate with markers of arterial stiffness, we profiled urinary metabolites in young adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor(s) and in a control group without CVD risk factors. METHODS We included healthy black and white women and men (N = 1202), aged 20-30 years with a detailed CVD risk factor profile, reflecting obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, masked hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and low socio-economic status, forming the CVD risk group (N = 1036) and the control group (N = 166). Markers of arterial stiffness, central systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity were measured. A targeted metabolomics approach was followed by measuring amino acids and acylcarnitines using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. RESULTS In the CVD risk group, central systolic BP (adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity) was negatively associated with histidine, arginine, asparagine, serine, glutamine, dimethylglycine, threonine, GABA, proline, methionine, pyroglutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and butyrylcarnitine (all P ≤ 0.048). In the same group, pulse wave velocity (adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, mean arterial pressure) was negatively associated with histidine, lysine, threonine, 2-aminoadipic acid, BCAAs and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) (all P ≤ 0.044). In the control group, central systolic BP was negatively associated with pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid and dodecanoylcarnitine (all P ≤ 0.033). CONCLUSION In a group with increased CVD risk, markers of arterial stiffness were negatively associated with metabolites related to AAA and BCAA as well as energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Our findings may suggest that metabolic adaptations may be at play in response to increased CVD risk to maintain cardiovascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel L du Toit
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Ruan Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lebo F Gafane-Matemane
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roan Louw
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Catharina M C Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Maishan M, Sarma A, Chun LF, Caldera S, Fang X, Abbott J, Christenson SA, Langelier CR, Calfee CS, Gotts JE, Matthay MA. Aerosolized nicotine from e-cigarettes alters gene expression, increases lung protein permeability, and impairs viral clearance in murine influenza infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1076772. [PMID: 36999019 PMCID: PMC10043316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1076772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarette use has rapidly increased as an alternative means of nicotine delivery by heated aerosolization. Recent studies demonstrate nicotine-containing e-cigarette aerosols can have immunosuppressive and pro-inflammatory effects, but it remains unclear how e-cigarettes and the constituents of e-liquids may impact acute lung injury and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by viral pneumonia. Therefore, in these studies, mice were exposed one hour per day over nine consecutive days to aerosol generated by the clinically-relevant tank-style Aspire Nautilus aerosolizing e-liquid containing a mixture of vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol (VG/PG) with or without nicotine. Exposure to the nicotine-containing aerosol resulted in clinically-relevant levels of plasma cotinine, a nicotine-derived metabolite, and an increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, CXCL1, and MCP-1 in the distal airspaces. Following the e-cigarette exposure, mice were intranasally inoculated with influenza A virus (H1N1 PR8 strain). Exposure to aerosols generated from VG/PG with and without nicotine caused greater influenza-induced production in the distal airspaces of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and MCP-1 at 7 days post inoculation (dpi). Compared to the aerosolized carrier VG/PG, in mice exposed to aerosolized nicotine there was a significantly lower amount of Mucin 5 subtype AC (MUC5AC) in the distal airspaces and significantly higher lung permeability to protein and viral load in lungs at 7 dpi with influenza. Additionally, nicotine caused relative downregulation of genes associated with ciliary function and fluid clearance and an increased expression of pro-inflammatory pathways at 7 dpi. These results show that (1) the e-liquid carrier VG/PG increases the pro-inflammatory immune responses to viral pneumonia and that (2) nicotine in an e-cigarette aerosol alters the transcriptomic response to pathogens, blunts host defense mechanisms, increases lung barrier permeability, and reduces viral clearance during influenza infection. In conclusion, acute exposure to aerosolized nicotine can impair clearance of viral infection and exacerbate lung injury, findings that have implications for the regulation of e-cigarette products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazharul Maishan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Aartik Sarma
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lauren F. Chun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Xiaohui Fang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jason Abbott
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Charles R. Langelier
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Gotts
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Patrick ME, Parks MJ, Carroll DM, Mitchell C. Feasibility of mailed biomarker data collection among U.S. young adults: Saliva-based cotinine and self-reported nicotine use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 244:109791. [PMID: 36753804 PMCID: PMC9975042 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nationally representative self-report studies are the standard for data on the prevalence of substance use. Newly emerging biomarker assessments can add objective measurements of exposure. However, biomarker assessment has typically depended on in-person sample collection. The current study examined whether young adults in a national sample would be willing and able to provide a saliva sample via mail, and the correspondence of cotinine in the saliva sample with self-reported vaping and smoking. METHODS Data collection for the Monitoring the Future (MTF) Vaping Supplement was from September to November 2020. Eligible participants (N = 4358) were selected from a nationally-representative sample of US 12th-grade students in MTF in spring 2019. The MTF Vaping Supplement surveyed individuals nationally about one year after the 12th grade MTF survey (in 2020, mean age = 19.6 years; N = 1244). Survey weights accounted for design and attrition. RESULTS Of those surveyed, 66.2% consented to provide a saliva sample and, of those, 73.8% mailed a sample. There were no significant differences in providing a saliva sample across any demographic characteristic, but those who reported nicotine use were less likely to provide a sample. Cotinine cut-off measures of > 3 ng/mL and > 10 ng/mL had good correspondence with self-reported measures. CONCLUSIONS Results support the feasibility of collecting saliva via the mail in a national sample and the validity of data collected in this way. These findings support future research innovations to expand existing survey research protocols to include biomarker data collection in representative samples of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA.
| | - Michael J Parks
- Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, University of Minnesota, 1954 Buford Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, 15251 Pleasant Valley Rd., Center City, MN 55012, USA
| | - Dana Mowls Carroll
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA
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A Vegetarian Diet Significantly Changes Plasma Kynurenine Concentrations. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020391. [PMID: 36830760 PMCID: PMC9953657 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and a precursor of a number of physiologically important metabolites, including serotonin, melatonin, tryptamine, and kynurenines. We assessed tryptophan, kynurenines, and vitamin B2 and B6, as well as biomarkers of liver function and inflammation, in a group of 158 female omnivores and vegetarians aged 18-40 years. The majority of women were omnivores, and 22% were vegetarians. Vegetarians had 25% lower serum ALT, significantly higher pyridoxal concentrations, and significantly lower plasma concentrations of most kynurenines, varying from 8% lower concentrations of median plasma kynurenine to 42% lower concentrations of plasma xanthurenic acid, compared to omnivores. No significant differences were observed in vitamin B2 status or in inflammation markers, C-reactive protein and neopterin between the groups. Vegetarians had lower levels of several plasma kynurenines compared to omnivores. The reason for this is unknown; however, lower ALT concentrations, suggesting a better liver status, and a more favourable vitamin B6 status might be contributing factors.
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Zhang Y, Mustieles V, Wang YX, Sun Y, Slitt A, Messerlian C. Red Blood Cell Folate Modifies the Association between Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Antibody Concentrations in U.S. Adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2445-2456. [PMID: 36715557 PMCID: PMC10539038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure has been associated with reduced antibody levels. Higher red blood cell (RBC) folate was previously associated with lower serum PFAS concentrations in adolescents. This study included 819 adolescents aged 12-19 years who had detectable rubella and measles antibody levels in serum from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 and 2009-2010 cycles. We found inverse associations between serum PFOS and PFHxS and rubella antibodies, between PFOA and mumps antibodies, and between PFAS mixtures and rubella and mumps antibodies, only among adolescents with RBC folate concentrations <66th percentile (lower folate group) while not among adolescents with higher RBC folate levels (upper folate group). Specifically, per quartile increase in serum concentrations of the total PFAS mixture was associated with a 9.84% (95% CI: -15.57%, -3.74%) decrease in rubella antibody and an 8.79% (95% CI: -14.39%, -2.82%) decrease in the mumps antibody concentrations only in the lower folate group, while null associations were found for the upper folate group. If confirmed in mechanistic studies or prospective epidemiologic studies, these findings may have important implications for using folate as a mitigation measure against immune-related PFAS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Spain. Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston, MA, USA
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Gundogmus CA, Samadli V, Sorkun M, Oguzkurt L. The Effect of Smoking Cessation on the Technical Success of Endovascular Treatment for Thromboangiitis Obliterans. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:1038-1044. [PMID: 36791958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To show that smoking cessation improves the technical success of lower extremity endovascular treatment in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred two patients with TAO who underwent endovascular treatment for chronic limb-threatening ischemia or severe claudication of lower extremities in a tertiary hospital between 2015 and 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Data on serum cotinine levels were available for the last 45 patients, and 38 patients constituted the study population. Per the institution's protocol, patients were instructed to quit smoking 15 days before the intervention. However, cotinine levels showed that some of the patients continued smoking. Technical and recanalization successes were assessed as the primary end points. The secondary end point was the improvement in Rutherford scores at the 1-month follow-up. The McNemar test was used to compare the proportion of recanalized arteries after the intervention. RESULTS Thirty-seven men and 1 woman (mean age, 42.9 years ± 10.1) were evaluated. The overall technical success rate was 86.8% in the study group. The technical success rate was significantly higher in the nonsmoker group (n = 24 [96%]) than in the smoker group (n = 8 [61.5%]; P = .006). One-month clinical data were available for 100% of the patients. The Rutherford category of the nonsmoker group was significantly lower at the 1-month follow-up. In addition, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed lower Rutherford scores after the intervention in the nonsmoker group. The adverse event rate was 8%. One (2.7%) patient in the smoker group underwent a minor amputation. CONCLUSIONS Cessation of smoking before endovascular therapy improved technical success and recanalization rates in patients with TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vugar Samadli
- Department of Radiology, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Sorkun
- Department of Radiology, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Oguzkurt
- Department of Radiology, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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de Beer D, Mels CMC, Schutte AE, Delles C, Mary S, Mullen W, Mischak H, Kruger R. A urinary peptidomics approach for early stages of cardiovascular disease risk: The African-PREDICT study. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:485-494. [PMID: 36396816 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects individuals across the lifespan, with multiple cardiovascular (CV) risk factors increasingly present in young populations. The underlying mechanisms in early cardiovascular disease development are complex and still poorly understood. We therefore employed urinary proteomics as a novel approach to gain better insight into early CVD-related molecular pathways based on a CVD risk stratification approach. This study included 964 apparently healthy (no self-reported chronic illnesses, free from clinical symptoms of CVD) black and white men and women (aged 20-30 years old) from the African Prospective study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular disease and Hypertension (African-PREDICT) study. Cardiovascular risk factors used for stratification included obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco use, high alcohol intake, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Participants were divided into low (0 risk factors), medium (1-2 risk factors) and high (≥3 risk factors) CV risk groups. We analyzed urinary peptidomics by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. After adjusting for ethnicity, sex and age, 65 sequenced urinary peptides were differentially expressed between the CV risk groups (all q-values ≤ 0.01). These peptides included a lower abundance of collagen type I- and III-derived peptides in the high compared to the low CV risk group. With regard to noncollagen peptides, we found a lower abundance of alpha-1-antitrypsin fragments in the high compared to the low CV risk group (all q-values ≤ 0.01). Our findings indicate lower abundances of collagen types I and III in the high compared to the low CV risk group, suggesting potential early alterations in the CV extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalene de Beer
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Catharina M C Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sheon Mary
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ruan Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa.
- MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Ueland HO, Ulvik A, Løvås K, Wolff ASB, Breivik LE, Meling Stokland AE, Rødahl E, Nilsen RM, Husebye E, Ueland GÅ. Systemic Activation of the Kynurenine Pathway in Graves` Disease with and without Ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1290-1297. [PMID: 36611247 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the kynurenine pathway, activated during interferon-γ mediated inflammation and cellular (Th1-type) immunity, in Graves` disease (GD) patients with and without thyroid eye disease (TED). METHODS We analyzed 34 biomarkers by mass spectrometry in serum samples from 100 patients with GD (36 with TED) and 100 matched healthy controls. The analytes included 10 metabolites and three indices from the kynurenine pathway, six microbiota-derived metabolites, 10 B-vitamers and five serum proteins reflecting inflammation and kidney function. RESULTS GD patients showed significantly elevated levels of seven biomarkers compared with healthy controls (omega squared (ω2) > 0.06, P < 0.01). Out of these seven, the six biomarkers with the strongest effect size were all components of the kynurenine pathway. Factor analysis showed that biomarkers related to cellular immunity and the Th1 responses (3-hydroxykynurenine, kynurenine and quinolinic acid with the highest loading) were most strongly associated with GD. Further, a factor mainly reflecting acute phase response (CRP and serum amyloid A) showed weaker association with GD by factor analysis. There were no differences in biomarker levels between GD patients with and without TED. CONCLUSION This study supports activation of interferon-γ inflammation and Th1 cellular immunity in GD, but also a contribution of acute phase reactants. Our finding of no difference in systemic activation of the kynurenine pathway in GD patients with and without TED implies that the local Th1 immune response in the orbit is not reflected systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Olav Ueland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristian Løvås
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette S B Wolff
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Ertesvåg Breivik
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Eyvind Rødahl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roy Miodini Nilsen
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eystein Husebye
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Sukhram SD, Zarini GG, Shaban LH, Vaccaro JA, Sukhram AR, Huffman FG. Serum cotinine as a predictor of lipid-related indices in Turkish immigrants with type 2 diabetes: A clinic-based cross-sectional study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1011045. [PMID: 36873883 PMCID: PMC9978330 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1011045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Turkish immigrants form the largest ethnic minority group in the Netherlands and show a higher prevalence of (i) cardiovascular disease (CVD), (ii) cigarette smoking, and (iii) type 2 diabetes (T2D) as compared to the native Dutch. This study examines the association of CVD risk factors: serum cotinine, as an indicator of cigarette smoke, and lipid-related indices among first-generation (foreign-born) Turkish immigrants with T2D living in deprived neighbourhoods in the Netherlands. Methods A total of 110 participants, physician-diagnosed with T2D, aged 30 years and older, were recruited by convenience sampling from the Schilderswijk neighbourhood of The Hague in a clinic-based cross-sectional design. Serum cotinine (independent variable) was measured with a solid-phase competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. Serum lipids/lipoproteins (dependent variables) were determined by enzymatic assays and included: total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and triglycerides (TG). The Castelli Risk Index-I (CRI-I), and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC) were calculated using standardised formulas and assessed as dependent variables in multiple linear regression (MLR) models. Log-transformation of HDL-c, TG, CRI-I, and AC values were performed to account for the extreme right skewness of the data. Statistical analyses included descriptive characteristics and MLR models were adjusted for all major confounders of cotinine and lipids. Results The sample size had a mean age of 52.5 years [standard deviation (SD) = 9.21]. The geometric mean of serum cotinine level was 236.63 ng/mL [confidence interval (CI) = 175.89 ± 318.36]. The MLR models indicated that high serum cotinine levels (≥10 ng/mL) was positively associated with HDL-c (P = 0.04), CRI-I (P = 0.03), and AC (P = 0.03) in the age, gender, WC, diabetes medications, and statins-adjusted models (n = 32). Conclusion This study indicated that lipid ratios of HDL-c, CRI-I and AC are dependent determinants of serum cotinine and higher serum cotinine levels (≥10 ng/mL) are associated with worse HDL-c, CRI-I and AC values in participants with T2D. Clinical comprehension of these biochemical indicators (lipids/lipoproteins) and symptomatic results (CVD risk) in individuals with T2D will aid in the intervention (smoking) approach for this vulnerable cohort (Turkish immigrants). Therapy that is targetted to modify this behavioural risk factor may improve cardiovascular health outcomes and prevent comorbidities in Turkish immigrants with T2D living in deprived neighbourhoods in the Netherlands. In the meantime, this report contributes to a growing body of information and provides essential guidance to researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiryn D Sukhram
- Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Gustavo G Zarini
- Clinical & Scientific Research, Oxford Biomedical Technologies, West Palm Beach, FL, United States
| | - Lemia H Shaban
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Joan A Vaccaro
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Fatma G Huffman
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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Hou W, Chen S, Zhu C, Gu Y, Zhu L, Zhou Z. Associations between smoke exposure and osteoporosis or osteopenia in a US NHANES population of elderly individuals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1074574. [PMID: 36817605 PMCID: PMC9935577 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1074574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco exposure is considered to be a risk factor for reduced bone mineral density (BMD), which may result in osteopenia. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is commonly utilized as a marker of tobacco exposure. Nevertheless, there are limited clinical data on the associations between osteoporosis (OP) or osteopenia and smoking status or serum cotinine level. METHODS We thoroughly examined the NHANES cross-sectional data from 2005 to 2010, 2013 to 2014, and 2017 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations among smoking status and serum cotinine levels as well as OP and osteopenia. The relationships between serum cotinine level and OP and osteopenia were also assessed using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) method. RESULTS A total of 10,564 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. The mean age of the study population was 64.85 ± 9.54 years, and the patients were predominantly male (51.9%). We found that the relationships between higher serum cotinine levels (≥3 ng/ml) and the prevalence of osteoporosis (Model 1: OR=2.27 [1.91-2.69]; Model 2: OR=2.03 [1.70-2.43]; Model 3: OR=2.04 [1.70-2.45]; all p for trend <0.001) remained significant after adjustment for covariates by applying the lowest serum cotinine levels (<0.05 ng/ml) as the reference. Similar results were observed for current smokers, who were more likely to develop OP compared with nonsmokers (Model 1: OR=2.30 [1.90-2.79]; Model 2: OR=2.16 [1.77-2.64]; Model 3: OR=2.16 [1.77-2.65]). Moreover, higher serum cotinine levels were found to be strongly and positively correlated with the prevalence of osteopenia (OR=1.60 [1.42-1.80]). A similar relationship was observed between current smokers and the prevalence of osteopenia compared with nonsmokers (OR=1.70 [1.49-1.94]). RCS regression also showed that serum cotinine levels were nonlinearly and positively correlated with OP and osteopenia, with inflection points of 5.82 ng/ml and 3.26 ng/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION This study showed that being a smoker was associated with the prevalence of OP or osteopenia compared with being a nonsmoker and that there was a strong nonlinear positive dose-response relationship between serum cotinine levels and OP and osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Department of Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shaoqi Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Department of Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Caiyu Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Department of Graduate School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yifan Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengxin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengxin Zhou,
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Abdelwahab M, Klebanoff MA, Venkatesh KK. Association between Prenatal Marijuana and Tobacco Smoke Exposures and Small for Gestational Age at Birth. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:1726-1734. [PMID: 36007919 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the association of prenatal marijuana exposure with and without tobacco smoke exposure and small for gestational age (SGA) at birth. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a secondary analysis of the prospective Lifestyle and Early Achievement in Families (LEAF) cohort enrolled from 2010 to 2015. We included singleton nonanomalous liveborn pregnancies. We assessed marijuana use inclusive of any pregnancy urine specimen with a Δ9-THC-COOH concentration of more than 15 ng/mL by mass spectrometry, self-report on questionnaire, and/or electronic health record; and self-reported maternal tobacco use. Because of the high co-frequency of marijuana with tobacco exposure in pregnancy and the known association between tobacco and fetal growth restriction, we modeled the exposure as: both marijuana and tobacco (hereafter "co-use"), only marijuana, only tobacco, and neither (reference). Incidence of SGA in each group was compared with the neither group. The primary outcome was SGA less than 10th percentile, and secondarily less than 5th percentile, using parity-specific definitions per 2017 US natality reference data. RESULTS Among 325 assessed mothers, 46% had neither exposure, 11% had only prenatal marijuana exposure, 20% only tobacco exposure, and 23% co-use exposure. A third (33%) of infants were SGA less than 10th percentile and 20% SGA less than 5th percentile. Marijuana exposure only was associated with an increased risk of SGA less than 10th percentile (43 vs. 26%; adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-2.69), and SGA less than5th percentile (30 vs. 13%; aRR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.15-4.47). Tobacco was not associated with SGA less than 10th percentile, but was with SGA less than 5th percentile (26 vs. 13%; aRR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.13, 3.56). Co-use was not associated with increased SGA risk in multivariate analysis, but was in sensitivity analysis when tobacco use was defined using a cotinine assay rather than self-report (SGA <10th percentile, aRR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.24-3.15) and (SGA <5th percentile, aRR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.09-3.78). CONCLUSION Prenatal marijuana exposure in addition to tobacco may increase the risk of SGA. Given the rising prevalence of marijuana use in pregnancy, further research is warranted to understand how in utero marijuana exposure may impact fetal growth and birth weight with and without tobacco exposure. KEY POINTS · Marijuana and tobacco are commonly used together in pregnancy.. · Prenatal marijuana and tobacco exposure may increase the risk of a small for gestational age infant.. · Further research is warranted to understand how in utero marijuana exposure impacts fetal growth..
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelwahab
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark A Klebanoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kartik K Venkatesh
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Kunori Y, Saijo Y, Yoshioka E, Sato Y, Kanaya T, Nakanishi K, Kato Y, Nagaya K, Takahashi S, Ito Y, Itoh S, Kobayashi S, Miyashita C, Ikeda-Araki A, Kishi R. Evaluating association of smoking status during pregnancy with adverse birth outcomes using urinary cotinine concentration: The Japan environment and Children's study (JECS). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114302. [PMID: 36115418 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urinary cotinine concentration (UCC) reflects smoking status. However, in pregnant women, its association with adverse birth outcomes related to fetal growth is not widely known. Thus, we aimed to explore this relationship by focusing on dose-response relationships. We investigated 86,638 pregnant women enrolled between 2011 and 2014 in a prospective cohort study in Japan and observed three birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational age). We measured UCC in the second or third trimester, and categorized the participants using cut-off values (negative cotinine concentration, passive cotinine concentration, and active cotinine concentration corresponding to non-smokers, passive smokers, and active smokers, respectively). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the risks, and dose-response relationships were visualized using restricted cubic spline curves. Analyses based on self-reported smoking status were also performed. We found that in low active and highly active cotinine concentrations, the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of birth outcomes were significantly increased (preterm birth, 1.24 [95% CI 1.06-1.46], 1.39 [95% CI 1.19-1.62]; low birth weight, 1.40 [95% CI 1.24-1.58], 2.27 [95% CI 2.05-2.53]; small-for-gestational age, 1.35 [95% CI 1.19-1.52], 2.39 [95% CI 2.16-2.65]). Restricted cubic spline curves demonstrated risk elevations in the active cotinine concentration range. Our research revealed dose-response relationships between UCC during pregnancy and the risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational age. Measurement of UCC to ascertain smoking status during pregnancy may be a useful approach for predicting the risks of these birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kunori
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Eiji Yoshioka
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sato
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kanaya
- Division of Hygiene and Health Science, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Ken Nagaya
- Division of Neonatology, The Center for Maternity and Infant Care, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi2-jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, 664-1, Akebono-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-0011, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi7-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi7-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi7-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikeda-Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi7-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi5-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita12-jo, Nishi7-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
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Chamberlain JD, Nusslé S, Chapatte L, Kinnaer C, Petrovic D, Pradervand S, Bochud M, Harris SE, Corley J, Cox SR, Gonseth Nusslé S. Blood DNA methylation signatures of lifestyle exposures: tobacco and alcohol consumption. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:155. [PMID: 36443762 PMCID: PMC9706852 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking and alcohol consumption may compromise health by way of epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic signatures of alcohol and tobacco consumption could provide insights into the reversibility of phenotypic changes incurred with differing levels of lifestyle exposures. This study describes and validates two novel epigenetic signatures of tobacco (EpiTob) and alcohol (EpiAlc) consumption and investigates their association with disease outcomes. METHODS The epigenetic signatures, EpiTob and EpiAlc, were developed using data from the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) (N = 689). Epigenetic and phenotypic data available from the 1921 (N = 550) and 1936 (N = 1091) Lothian Birth Cohort (LBC) studies, and two publicly available datasets on GEO Accession (GSE50660, N = 464; and GSE110043, N = 94) were used to validate the signatures. A multivariable logistic regression model, adjusting for age and sex, was used to assess the association between self-reported tobacco or alcohol consumption and the respective epigenetic signature, as well as to estimate the association between CVD and epigenetic signatures. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the risk of mortality in association with the EpiTob and EpiAlc signatures. RESULTS The EpiTob signature was positively associated with self-reported tobacco consumption for current or never smokers with explained variance ranging from 0.49 (LBC1921) to 0.72 (LBC1936) (pseudo-R2). In the SKIPOGH, LBC1921 and LBC1936 cohorts, the epigenetic signature for alcohol consumption explained limited variance in association with self-reported alcohol status [i.e., non-drinker, moderate drinker, and heavy drinker] (pseudo-R2 = 0.05, 0.03 and 0.03, respectively), although this improved considerably when measuring self-reported alcohol consumption with standardized units consumed per week (SKIPOGH R2 = 0.21; LBC1921 R2 = 0.31; LBC1936 R2 = 0.41). Both signatures were associated with history of CVD in SKIPOGH and LBC1936, but not in LBC1921. The EpiTob signature was associated with increased risk of all-cause and lung-cancer specific mortality in the 1936 and 1921 LBC cohorts. CONCLUSIONS This study found the EpiTob and EpiAlc signatures to be well-correlated with self-reported exposure status and associated with long-term health outcomes. Epigenetic signatures of lifestyle exposures may reduce measurement issues and biases and could aid in risk stratification for informing early-stage targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonviea D Chamberlain
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems (DESS), University Center for General Medicine and Public Health (Unisanté), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | - Dusan Petrovic
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems (DESS), University Center for General Medicine and Public Health (Unisanté), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Pradervand
- Vital-IT Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Genomic Technologies Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems (DESS), University Center for General Medicine and Public Health (Unisanté), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Semira Gonseth Nusslé
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems (DESS), University Center for General Medicine and Public Health (Unisanté), Route de la Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Genknowme, Epalinges, Switzerland
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48
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Velasco-Arnaiz E, Batllori M, Monsonís M, Valls A, Ríos-Barnes M, Simó-Nebot S, Gamell A, Fortuny C, Tebruegge M, Noguera-Julian A. Host, technical, and environmental factors affecting QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube performance in children below 5 years of age. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19908. [PMID: 36402803 PMCID: PMC9675832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma release assays performance can be impaired by host-related, technical and environmental factors, but data in young children are limited. We performed a cross-sectional study of children < 5 years-of-age at risk of tuberculosis (TB), using QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assays. The impact of the following was evaluated: (i) host-related [age; hematological parameters; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); C-reactive protein (CRP); and tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) based on serum cotinine concentrations], (ii) technical (pre-analytical delay) and (iii) environmental factors (annual season; monthly temperatures). Of 204 children, 35 (17.2%) were diagnosed with latent TB infection or TB disease. QFT-GIT results were indeterminate in 14 (6.9%) patients. In multivariate analysis, younger age and higher ESR were associated with lower positive control responses (beta: 0.247, p = 0.002 and - 0.204, p = 0.007, respectively), and increasing age was associated with lower rates of indeterminate QFT-GIT results [OR (95% CI) 0.948 (0.903-0.996) per month, p = 0.035]. In children with positive QFT-GIT results, average monthly temperatures correlated with antigen responses (r = 0.453, p = 0.020); also, antigen responses were lower in winter than in other seasons (p = 0.027). Serum cotinine concentrations determined in a subgroup of patients (n = 41) indicated TSE in 36 (88%), positive control responses being lower in children with TSE (p = 0.034). In children < 5 years-of-age, young age, elevated ESR, temperature, annual season and TSE can affect the performance of QFT-GIT assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneritz Velasco-Arnaiz
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Malalties Infeccioses i Resposta Inflamatòria Sistèmica en Pediatria; Servei d’Infectologia Pediàtrica, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Batllori
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Laboratori de Bioquímica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Monsonís
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Servei de Microbiologia. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Valls
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Laboratori de Bioquímica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Ríos-Barnes
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Malalties Infeccioses i Resposta Inflamatòria Sistèmica en Pediatria; Servei d’Infectologia Pediàtrica, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Simó-Nebot
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Malalties Infeccioses i Resposta Inflamatòria Sistèmica en Pediatria; Servei d’Infectologia Pediàtrica, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Gamell
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Malalties Infeccioses i Resposta Inflamatòria Sistèmica en Pediatria; Servei d’Infectologia Pediàtrica, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Fortuny
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Malalties Infeccioses i Resposta Inflamatòria Sistèmica en Pediatria; Servei d’Infectologia Pediàtrica, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Departament de Cirurgia i Especialitats Medicoquirúrgiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Tebruegge
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia ,Department of Paediatrics, Klinik Ottakring, Wiener Gesundheitsverbund, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antoni Noguera-Julian
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Malalties Infeccioses i Resposta Inflamatòria Sistèmica en Pediatria; Servei d’Infectologia Pediàtrica, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Departament de Cirurgia i Especialitats Medicoquirúrgiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
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Movement is Life-Optimizing Patient Access to Total Joint Arthroplasty: Smoking Cessation Disparities. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2022; 30:1055-1058. [PMID: 35297802 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-21-00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, 13.7% of the adult American population smokes cigarettes. Although rates of cigarette smoking have decreased over time, those of e-cigarette usage have increased. Smoking rates are highest in American Indians/Alaskan Natives and adults whose highest education level is a General Educational Development certificate, who live in rural American areas, and who have an annual household income of less than $35,000. After arthroplasty, smoking is linked to impaired wound healing, superficial and deep wound infections, and aseptic loosening. Patients who smoke should be strongly encouraged to stop and be supported with smoking cessation programs. Monitoring smoking cessation with cotinine levels may be inaccurate because variations have been noted in race, ethnicity, and sex. Confirmation of cessation as a hard stop to surgery could increase existing healthcare disparities. The role of the surgeon in encouraging patients to stop smoking, at least temporarily, before total joint arthroplasty cannot be overemphasized.
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Influence of Selective Extraction/Isolation of Heme/Hemoglobin with Hydrophobic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on the Precision and Accuracy of Cotinine ELISA Test. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213692. [PMID: 36430168 PMCID: PMC9691248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, ionic liquids were used for the selective extraction/isolation of hemoglobin from human serum for cotinine determination using the ELISA Kit. The suitability of hydrophobic imidazolium-based ionic liquids was tested, of which OMIM BF4 (1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) turned out to be the most suitable for direct extraction of hemoglobin into an ionic liquid without the use of any additional reagent at one extraction step. Hemoglobin was separated quantitatively (95% recovery) from the remaining types of proteins remaining in the aqueous phase. Quantum mechanical calculations showed that the interaction of the iron atom in the heme group and the nitrogen atom of the ionic liquid cation is responsible for the transfer of hemoglobin whereas molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the non-covalent interactions between heme and solvent are more favorable in the case of OMIM BF4 in comparison to water. The opposite trend was found for cotinine. Selective isolation of the heme/hemoglobin improved the ELISA test's accuracy, depending on the cotinine level, from 15% to 30%.
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