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Duś-Żuchowska M, Nowak H, Kałużny Ł, Rokicki D, Ciara E, Piekutowska-Abramczuk D, Walkowiak J. Pathogenic Potential of a PCK1 Gene Variant in Cytosolic PEPCK Deficiency: A Compelling Case Study. Am J Case Rep 2024; 25:e943118. [PMID: 38656928 PMCID: PMC11056215 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.943118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) deficiency is an extremely rare autosomal recessive inherited error of metabolism in which gluconeogenesis is impaired, resulting in life-threatening episodes of hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis. The diagnosis of gluconeogenesis disorders is challenging. In the diagnostic pathway, the molecular test plays a paramount role. CASE REPORT The aim of the paper is to present the case report of a girl with recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycemia, in whom molecular diagnosis enabled the confirmation of PEPCK - C deficiency. The patient experienced 4 episodes of severe hypoglycemia. Most of them were accompanied by hyperlacticaemia, metabolic acidosis, and elevated liver enzymes. All of the metabolic decompensations were triggered by infectious agents. The episodes resolved after continuous infusion of high-dose glucose. Due to the recurrent character of the disease, a genetic condition was suspected. The differential diagnosis included metabolic and endocrinological causes of hypoglycemia. Two variants in the PCK1 gene were detected: c.265G>A p.(Glu89Lys) in exon 3 and c.925G>A p.(Gly309Arg) in exon 6. As c.925G>A p.(Gly309Arg) is a known pathogenic variant, the second variant was first described in June 2023 in the ClinVar database and described as "with unknown clinical significance". CONCLUSIONS According to the clinical symptoms observed in the presented case, the variant c.265G>A p.(Glu89Lys) in PCK1 gene should be considered likely pathogenic. We suggest considering molecular diagnostics in every patient presented with recurrent, severe hypoglycemia with accompanying liver damage as most accurate, feasible, and reliable method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Duś-Żuchowska
- Department of Pediatric, Gastroenterology, and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Nowak
- Department of Pediatric, Gastroenterology, and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kałużny
- Department of Pediatric, Gastroenterology, and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz Rokicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric, Gastroenterology, and Metabolic Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Zhao PW, Cui JX, Wang XM. Upregulation of p300 in paclitaxel-resistant TNBC: implications for cell proliferation via the PCK1/AMPK axis. Pharmacogenomics J 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38378770 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-024-00324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of p300 in the context of paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, focusing on its interaction with the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. METHODS The expression of p300 and PCK1 at the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level was detected using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The GeneCards and GEPIA databases were used to investigate the relationship between p300 and PCK1. The MDA-MB-231/PTX cell line, known for its PTX resistance, was chosen to understand the specific role of p300 in such cells. The Lipofectamine™ 3000 reagent was used to transfer the p300 small interfering RNA and the overexpression of PCK1 plasmid into MDA-MB-231/PTX. The expression levels of p300, PCK1, 5'AMPK and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) were determined using the western blot test. RESULTS In TNBC cancer tissue, the expression of p300 was increased compared with TNBC paracancerous tissue (P < 0.05). In the MDA-MB-231 cell line of TNBC, the expression of p300 was lower than in the PTX-resistant TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231/PTX) (P < 0.05). The PCK1 expression was decreased in the TNBC cancer tissue compared with TNBC paracancerous tissue, and the PCK1 expression was reduced in MDA-MB-231/PTX than in MDA-MB-231 (P < 0.05) indicating that PCK1 was involved in the resistance function. Additionally, p-AMPK was decreased in MDA-MB-231/PTX compared with MDA-MB-231 (P < 0.05). The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level was also detected and was significantly lower in MDA-MB-231/PTX than in MDA-MB-231 (P < 0.05). Additionally, cell proliferation increased significantly in MDA-MB-231/PTX at 48 and 72 h (P < 0.05) suggesting that MDA-MB-231/PTX cells obtained the resistance function which was associated with AMPK and ATP level. When p300 was inhibited, p-AMPK and ATP levels elevated in MDA-MB-231/PTX (P < 0.05). When PCK1 was suppressed, the ATP consumption rate decreased, and cell proliferation increased (P < 0.05). However, there were no changes in p300. CONCLUSIONS In MDA-MB-231/PTX, p300 can inhibit p-AMPK and ATP levels by inhibiting PCK1 expression. Our findings suggest that targeting p300 could modulate the PCK1/AMPK axis, offering a potential therapeutic avenue for overcoming PTX resistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Zhao
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No.5 Xinhua Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010059, China
| | - Jia-Xian Cui
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No.5 Xinhua Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010059, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Wang
- Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 42 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Hao W, Chen Z, Tang J, Yang R, Gao WQ, Xu H. hnRNPA2B1 promotes the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating PCK1 mRNA via a m6A RNA methylation manner. J Transl Med 2023; 21:861. [PMID: 38017546 PMCID: PMC10683354 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent RNA modification. Although hnRNPA2B1, as a reader of m6A modification, has been reported to promote tumorigenesis in a few types of tumors, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Multiple public databases were used to analyze the expression of hnRNPA2B1 in HCC and its correlation with survival prognosis. We employed a CRISPR-Cas9 sgRNA editing strategy to knockout hnRNPA2B1 expression in HCC cells. The biological function of hnRNPA2B1 in vitro in HCC cells was measured by CCK8, colony formation, migration, and invasion assay. The tumorigenic function of hnRNPA2B1 in vivo was determined by a subcutaneous tumor formation experiment and a HCC mouse model via tail injection of several plasmids into the mouse within 5s-7s. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment using hnRNPA2B1 was performed to test the target genes of hnRNPA2B1 and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) assay was performed to explore the m6A methylated mRNA of target genes. RESULTS hnRNPA2B1 highly expressed in HCC tissues, correlated with high grades and poor prognosis. Its knockout reduced HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, while overexpression promoted these processes. hnRNPA2B1-knockout cells inhibited tumor formation in graft experiments. In HCC mice, endogenous knockout attenuated hepatocarcinogenesis. RNA-seq showed downregulated gluconeogenesis with high hnRNPA2B1 expression. hnRNPA2B1 negatively correlated with PCK1, a key enzyme. RIP assay revealed hnRNPA2B1 binding to PCK1 mRNA. hnRNPA2B1 knockout increased m6A-methylation of PCK1 mRNA. Interestingly, PCK1 knockout partially counteracted tumor inhibition by hnRNPA2B1 knockout in mice. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that hnRNPA2B1 is highly expressed in HCC and correlated with a poor prognosis. hnRNPA2B1 promotes the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, hnRNPA2B1 downregulates the expression of PCK1 mRNA via a m6A methylation manner. More importantly, the ability of hnRNPA2B1 to induce tumorigenesis and progression in HCC is dependent on its ability to decrease the expression of PCK1. Therefore, this study suggested that hnRNPA2B1 might be a diagnostic marker of poor prognosis of HCC and a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhi Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biological Medical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Al Busaidi M, Mohamed FE, Al-Ajmi E, Al Hashmi N, Al-Thihli K, Al Futaisi A, Al Mamari W, Al-Murshedi F, Al-Jasmi F. Expanding the clinical spectrum of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency: novel PCK1 variants in four Arabian Gulf families. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:344. [PMID: 37924129 PMCID: PMC10625263 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In metabolic stress, the cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) enzyme is involved in energy production through the gluconeogenesis pathway. PEPCK-C deficiency is a rare childhood-onset autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by PCK1 genetic defects. Previous studies showed a broad clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to recurrent hypoglycemia with/without lactic acidosis, encephalopathy, seizures, and liver failure. RESULTS In this article, we discuss the occurrence of PEPCK-C deficiency in four families from the United Arab Emirates and Oman. All patients presented with unexplained hypoglycemia as a common feature. Two out of the seven patients presented with episodes of encephalopathy that resulted in seizures and neuroregression leading to global developmental delay and one patient had a neonatal presentation. Observed biochemical abnormalities include elevated lactate, transaminases, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites in most patients. Elevated creatine kinase was documented in two patients. Whole exome sequencing revealed two novel (c.574T > C, and c.1268 C > T) and a previously reported splice site (c.961 + 1G > A) PCK1 variant in the affected families. CONCLUSION Patients become vulnerable during intercurrent illness; thus, prevention and prompt reversal of a catabolic state are crucial to avoid irreversible brain damage. This report will help to expand the clinical understanding of this rare disease and recommends screening for PEPCK-C deficiency in unexplained hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Al Busaidi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Feda E Mohamed
- Genetics and Genomics Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eiman Al-Ajmi
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Khalid Al-Thihli
- Department of Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O. Box 38, Muscat, Alkoudh, 123, Oman
| | - Amna Al Futaisi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Watfa Al Mamari
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fathiya Al-Murshedi
- Department of Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O. Box 38, Muscat, Alkoudh, 123, Oman.
| | - Fatma Al-Jasmi
- Genetics and Genomics Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P. O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Malek MC, Behera JR, Kilaru A, Yampolsky LY. Differential expression of gluconeogenesis-related transcripts in a freshwater zooplankton model organism suggests a role of the Cori cycle in hypoxia tolerance. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284679. [PMID: 37552659 PMCID: PMC10409257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is the process of regenerating glucose and NAD+ that allows for continued ATP synthesis by glycolysis during fasting or in hypoxia. Recent data from C. elegans and crustaceans challenged with hypoxia show differential and tissue-specific expression of GNG-specific genes. Here we report differential expression of several GNG-specific genes in the head and body of a model organism, Daphnia magna, a planktonic crustacean, in normoxic and acute hypoxic conditions. We predict that GNG-specific transcripts will be enriched in the body, where most of the fat tissue is located, rather than in the head, where the tissues critical for survival in hypoxia, the central nervous system and locomotory muscles, are located. We measured the relative expression of GNG-specific transcripts in each body part by qRT-PCR and normalized them by either the expression of a reference gene or the rate-limiting glycolysis enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK). Our data show that of the three GNG-specific transcripts tested, pyruvate carboxylase (PC) showed no differential expression in either the head or body. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C), on the other hand, is upregulated in hypoxia in both body parts. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP) is upregulated in the body relative to the head and upregulated in hypoxia relative to normoxia, with a stronger body effect in hypoxia when normalized by PK expression. These results support our hypothesis that Daphnia can survive hypoxic conditions by implementing the Cori cycle, where body tissues supply glucose and NAD+ to the brain and muscles, enabling them to continuously generate ATP by glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morad C. Malek
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jyoti R. Behera
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lev Y. Yampolsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
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Hasegawa K, Sakamaki Y, Tamaki M, Wakino S. PCK1 Protects against Mitoribosomal Defects in Diabetic Nephropathy in Mouse Models. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1343-1365. [PMID: 37199399 PMCID: PMC10400109 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Renal gluconeogenesis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Proximal tubular phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1 (PEPCK1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. However, the functions of PEPCK1 have not been elucidated. We describe the novel role of PEPCK1 as a mitoribosomal protector using Pck1 transgenic (TG) mice and knockout mice. Pck1 blocks excessive glycolysis by suppressing the upregulation of excess HK2 (the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis). Notably, Pck1 overexpression retains mitoribosomal function and suppresses renal fibrosis. The renal and mitoribosomal protective roles of Pck1 may provide important clues for understanding DN pathogenesis and provide novel therapeutic targets. BACKGROUND Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is part of the gluconeogenesis pathway, which maintains fasting glucose levels and affects renal physiology. PEPCK consists of two isoforms-PEPCK1 and PEPCK2-that the Pck1 and Pck2 genes encode. Gluconeogenesis increases in diabetic nephropathy (DN), escalating fasting and postprandial glucose levels. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors increase hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis. We used genetically modified mice to investigate whether renal gluconeogenesis and Pck1 activity are renoprotective in DN. METHODS We investigated the expression of Pck1 in the proximal tubule (PTs) of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic mice. We studied the phenotypic changes in PT-specific transgenic (TG) mice and PT-specific Pck1 conditional knockout (CKO) mice. RESULTS The expression of Pck1 in PTs was downregulated in STZ-treated diabetic mice when they exhibited albuminuria. TG mice overexpressing Pck1 had improved albuminuria, concomitant with the mitigation of PT cell apoptosis and deposition of peritubular type IV collagen. Moreover, CKO mice exhibited PT cell apoptosis and type IV collagen deposition, findings also observed in STZ-treated mice. Renal fibrotic changes in CKO mice were associated with increasing defects in mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes). The TG mice were protected against STZ-induced mitoribosomal defects. CONCLUSION PCK1 preserves mitoribosomal function and may play a novel protective role in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hasegawa
- Department of Nephrology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakamaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Tamaki
- Department of Nephrology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shu Wakino
- Department of Nephrology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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Verissimo T, Dalga D, Arnoux G, Sakhi I, Faivre A, Auwerx H, Bourgeois S, Paolucci D, Gex Q, Rutkowski JM, Legouis D, Wagner CA, Hall AM, de Seigneux S. PCK1 is a key regulator of metabolic and mitochondrial functions in renal tubular cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F532-F543. [PMID: 37102687 PMCID: PMC10202477 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00038.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1 or PEPCK-C) is a cytosolic enzyme converting oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate, with a potential role in gluconeogenesis, ammoniagenesis, and cataplerosis in the liver. Kidney proximal tubule cells display high expression of this enzyme, whose importance is currently not well defined. We generated PCK1 kidney-specific knockout and knockin mice under the tubular cell-specific PAX8 promoter. We studied the effect of PCK1 deletion and overexpression at the renal level on tubular physiology under normal conditions and during metabolic acidosis and proteinuric renal disease. PCK1 deletion led to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis characterized by reduced but not abolished ammoniagenesis. PCK1 deletion also resulted in glycosuria, lactaturia, and altered systemic glucose and lactate metabolism at baseline and during metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis resulted in kidney injury in PCK1-deficient animals with decreased creatinine clearance and albuminuria. PCK1 further regulated energy production by the proximal tubule, and PCK1 deletion decreased ATP generation. In proteinuric chronic kidney disease, mitigation of PCK1 downregulation led to better renal function preservation. PCK1 is essential for kidney tubular cell acid-base control, mitochondrial function, and glucose/lactate homeostasis. Loss of PCK1 increases tubular injury during acidosis. Mitigating kidney tubular PCK1 downregulation during proteinuric renal disease improves renal function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) is highly expressed in the proximal tubule. We show here that this enzyme is crucial for the maintenance of normal tubular physiology, lactate, and glucose homeostasis. PCK1 is a regulator of acid-base balance and ammoniagenesis. Preventing PCK1 downregulation during renal injury improves renal function, rendering it an important target during renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Verissimo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delal Dalga
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Arnoux
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Imene Sakhi
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Faivre
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Auwerx
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Soline Bourgeois
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Paolucci
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Gex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - David Legouis
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M Hall
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ye Q, Liu Y, Zhang G, Deng H, Wang X, Tuo L, Chen C, Pan X, Wu K, Fan J, Pan Q, Wang K, Huang A, Tang N. Deficiency of gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 promotes metabolic-associated fatty liver disease through PI3K/AKT/PDGF axis activation in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1402. [PMID: 36918564 PMCID: PMC10015095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of hepatic disorders, including steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. We demonstrated that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) plays a central role in MAFLD progression. Male mice with liver Pck1 deficiency fed a normal diet displayed hepatic lipid disorder and liver injury, whereas fibrosis and inflammation were aggravated in mice fed a high-fat diet with drinking water containing fructose and glucose (HFCD-HF/G). Forced expression of hepatic PCK1 by adeno-associated virus ameliorated MAFLD in male mice. PCK1 deficiency stimulated lipogenic gene expression and lipid synthesis. Moreover, loss of hepatic PCK1 activated the RhoA/PI3K/AKT pathway by increasing intracellular GTP levels, increasing secretion of platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA), and promoting hepatic stellate cell activation. Treatment with RhoA and AKT inhibitors or gene silencing of RhoA or AKT1 alleviated MAFLD progression in vivo. Hepatic PCK1 deficiency may be important in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis development through paracrine secretion of PDGF-AA in male mice, highlighting a potential therapeutic strategy for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Tuo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuanming Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Goetz M, Schröter J, Dattner T, Brennenstuhl H, Lenz D, Opladen T, Hörster F, Okun JG, Hoffmann GF, Kölker S, Staufner C. Genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:18-25. [PMID: 35868242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pathogenic biallelic variants in PCK1 coding for the cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) cause PEPCK-C deficiency, a rare disorder of gluconeogenesis presenting with hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, and hepatopathy. To date, there has been no systematic analysis of its phenotypic, biochemical, and genetic spectrum. METHODS All currently published individuals and a novel patient with genetically confirmed PEPCK-C deficiency were included. Clinical, biochemical, and genetic findings were analyzed. Protein and in-silico prediction score modeling was applied to analyze potential variant effects. RESULTS Thirty-two individuals from 25 families were found, including one previously unreported patient. The typical biochemical pattern was hypoglycemia triggered by catabolic situations, elevated urinary concentrations of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, mildly elevated alanine and aspartate aminotransferase and elevated lactate concentrations in serum. Plasma glutamine concentrations were elevated in some patients and may be a suitable marker for newborn screening. With adequate treatment, biochemical abnormalities usually normalized following a hypoglycemic episode. Symptom onset usually occurred in infancy with a broad range from neonatal age to adulthood. Regardless of the genotype, different phenotypes with a broad clinical spectrum were found. To date, eight genotypes with nine different PCK1 variants were identified, of which alleles with the recurrent variant c.925G > A; p.(Gly309Arg) are predominant and appear to be endemic in the Finnish population. Protein modeling suggests altered manganese- and substrate-binding as superordinate pathomechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Environmental factors appear to be the main determinant for the phenotype in patients with biallelic variants in PCK1. Based on the biochemical pattern, PEPCK-C deficiency is a recognizable cause of childhood hypoglycemia. It is a treatable disease and early diagnosis is important to prevent metabolic derailment and morbidity. Newborn screening can identify at least a sub-cohort of affected individuals through elevated glutamine concentrations in dry blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goetz
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Schröter
- Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Dattner
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Brennenstuhl
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Lenz
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Opladen
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Hörster
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J G Okun
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G F Hoffmann
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kölker
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Staufner
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany..
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10
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Vieira P, Nagy II, Rahikkala E, Väisänen ML, Latva K, Kaunisto K, Valmari P, Keski-Filppula R, Haanpää MK, Sidoroff V, Miettinen PJ, Arkkola T, Ojaniemi M, Nuutinen M, Uusimaa J, Myllynen P. Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency: Expanding the clinical phenotype and novel laboratory findings. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:223-234. [PMID: 34622459 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) deficiency due to the homozygous PCK1 variant has recently been associated with childhood-onset hypoglycemia with a recognizable pattern of abnormal urine organic acids. In this study, 21 children and 3 adult patients with genetically confirmed PEPCK-C deficiency were diagnosed during the years 2016 to 2019 and the available biochemical and clinical data were collected. All patients were ethnic Finns. Most patients (22 out of 24) had a previously published homozygous PCK1 variant c.925G>A. Two patients had a novel compound heterozygous PCK1 variant c.925G>A and c.716C>T. The laboratory results showed abnormal urine organic acid profile with increased tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and inadequate ketone body production during hypoglycemia. The hypoglycemic episodes manifested predominantly in the morning. Infections, fasting or poor food intake, heavy exercise, alcohol consumption, and breastfeeding were identified as triggering factors. Five patients presented with neonatal hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic seizures occurred in half of the patients (12 out of 24). The first hypoglycemic episode often occurred at the age of 1-2 years, but it sometimes presented at a later age, and could re-occur during school age or adulthood. This study adds to the laboratory data on PEPCK-C deficiency, confirming the recognizable urine organic acid pattern and identifying deficient ketogenesis as a novel laboratory finding. The phenotype is expanded suggesting that the risk of hypoglycemia may continue into adulthood if predisposing factors are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Vieira
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Irina I Nagy
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa Rahikkala
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marja-Leena Väisänen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katariina Latva
- Department of Pediatrics, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | - Kari Kaunisto
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pekka Valmari
- Department of Pediatrics, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Riikka Keski-Filppula
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria K Haanpää
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Virpi Sidoroff
- Department of Pediatrics, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Päivi J Miettinen
- New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Arkkola
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Nuutinen
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Myllynen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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11
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Rodriguez R, Lee AY, Godoy-Lugo JA, Martinez B, Ohsaki H, Nakano D, Parkes DG, Nishiyama A, Vázquez-Medina JP, Ortiz RM. Chronic AT 1 blockade improves hyperglycemia by decreasing adipocyte inflammation and decreasing hepatic PCK1 and G6PC1 expression in obese rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E714-E727. [PMID: 34658252 PMCID: PMC8782654 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00584.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system decreases glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. Chronic angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) blockade (ARB) increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and decreases the abundance of large adipocytes and macrophage infiltration in adipose. However, the contributions of each tissue to the improvement in hyperglycemia in response to AT1 blockade are not known. Therefore, we determined the static and dynamic responses of soleus muscle, liver, and adipose to an acute glucose challenge following the chronic blockade of AT1. We measured adipocyte morphology along with TNF-α expression, F4/80- and CD11c-positive cells in adipose and measured insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation and AKT phosphorylation in soleus muscle, liver, and retroperitoneal fat before (T0), 60 (T60) and 120 (T120) min after an acute glucose challenge in the following groups of male rats: 1) Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; lean control; n = 5/time point), 2) obese Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; n = 7 or 8/time point), and 3) OLETF + ARB (ARB; 10 mg olmesartan/kg/day; n = 7 or 8/time point). AT1 blockade decreased adipocyte TNF-α expression and F4/80- and CD11c-positive cells. In retroperitoneal fat at T60, IR phosphorylation was 155% greater in ARB than in OLETF. Furthermore, in retroperitoneal fat AT1 blockade increased glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression in ARB compared with OLETF. IR phosphorylation and AKT phosphorylation were not altered in the liver of OLETF, but AT1 blockade decreased hepatic Pck1 and G6pc1 mRNA expressions. Collectively, these results suggest that chronic AT1 blockade improves obesity-associated hyperglycemia in OLETF rats by improving adipocyte function and by decreasing hepatic glucose production via gluconeogenesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system increases adipocyte inflammation contributing to the impairment in adipocyte function and increases hepatic Pck1 and G6pc1 mRNA expression in response to a glucose challenge. Ultimately, these effects may contribute to the development of glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Andrew Y Lee
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Jose A Godoy-Lugo
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
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12
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Aslam M, Syed NIH, Jahan S. Effect of Caralluma tuberculata on regulation of carbohydrate metabolizing genes in alloxan-induced rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 271:113897. [PMID: 33567306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Caralluma tuberculata (C. tuberculata) has traditionally been used in Pakistan and other parts of the world as a folk treatment for diabetes mellitus. A few studies indicated its antihyperglycemic effect, however, the mystery remained unfolded as how did it modify the pathophysiological condition. AIM OF STUDY Hence, this study aimed to explore underlying mechanism(s) for its hypoglycemic activity at biochemical and molecular levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol extract (ME) of C. tuberculata as well as its hexane (HF) and aqueous (AF) fractions were explored for their effect on total glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle of alloxan-induced rats by spectroscopy. Moreover, the expression of genes related to hepatic carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes was quantified. At molecular level, mRNA expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), glycogen synthase (GS), glucokinase (GK), hexokinase 1 (HK-1), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6 phosphatase (G-6-Pase) was determined by using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after administration of ME (350 mg), HF(3 mg), AF (10 mg) and metformin (500 mg). The doses were administered twice daily according to per kg of body weight. RESULTS A significant reduction in hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content was exhibited. The data of qRT-PCR revealed that gene's expression of GLUT-2 was significantly decreased after treatment with ME and HF, whilst it was unaltered by AF, however, a significant decrease was observed in genes corresponding to GS, GK and HK-1 after treatment with ME. Similarly, there was a significant decrease in expression of genes corresponding to GS, GK and HK-1 following treatment with HF. Surprisingly, post-treatment with AF didn't modify the gene's expression of GS and GK, whilst it caused a profound decrease in expression of HK-1 gene. Contrarily, the expression of gene related to PK was significantly up-regulated post-administration with ME, HF and AF. The expression levels of G-6-PDH, however, remained unaltered after treatment with the experimental extract and fractions of the plant. In addition, HF and AF did not cause any modification in PEPCK, whereas ME caused a significant down-regulation of the gene. Treatment with all the extract and fractions of the plant caused a substantial decrease in the gene's expression of PC, while there was a significant increase in the expression of gene related to G-6-Pase. CONCLUSION The three experimental extract and fractions caused a substantial decrease in glycogen content in liver and skeletal muscle tissues. The analysis by qRT-PCR showed that glucose transport via GLUT-2 was profoundly declined by ME and HF. The expression of genes related to various metabolic pathways involved in metabolism of carbohydrate in hepatocytes revealed explicitly that the ME, HF and AF decreased the phenomena of glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Contrarily, all the extract and fractions of the plant activated glycogenolysis and glycolysis but did not modify the pentose phosphate shunt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aslam
- Department of Pharmacology, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Old Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Nawazish-I-Husain Syed
- Department of Pharmacology, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Old Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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13
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Chen Y, Zhu W. Knockdown of the Sonic Hedgehog ( SHH) Gene Inhibits Proliferation of Hep3B and SMMC-7721 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via the PI3K/Akt/PCK1 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6023-6033. [PMID: 31406102 PMCID: PMC6703083 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The PCK1 gene encodes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), which has been shown have a role in metabolic events in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate the role of the SHH gene and its encoded protein, sonic hedgehog (SHH), in two human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Material/Methods The human HCC cell lines Hep3B and SMMC-7721 were cultured. Cells were transfected with plasmids carrying specific SHH gene short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) and negative control (NC) shRNA. The effects of knockdown of expression levels of the SHH gene were studied on cell survival, cell apoptosis, the cell cycle, gluconeogenesis, and the expression of PCK1. Anchorage-independent growth, a characteristic of transformed cells, was detected by the colony formation assay. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were performed 24 h after transfection. Results Knockdown of expression levels of the SHH gene reduced cell proliferation and growth of HCC cells and induced cell apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in both HCC cell lines. Knockdown of the SHH gene decreased the levels of glycolysis products and increased the production of glucose and reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt but induced the expression of PCK1. Conclusions Knockdown of the SHH gene reduced cell survival of HCC cells by increasing apoptosis, reducing cell proliferation, inducing G1 cell cycle arrest, and restoring gluconeogenesis, and was associated with the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt axis and induced the expression of PCK1.
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14
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Wang L, Liu Q, Kitamoto T, Hou J, Qin J, Accili D. Identification of Insulin-Responsive Transcription Factors That Regulate Glucose Production by Hepatocytes. Diabetes 2019; 68:1156-1167. [PMID: 30936148 PMCID: PMC6610019 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte glucose production is a complex process that integrates cell-autonomous mechanisms with cellular signaling, enzyme activity modulation, and gene transcription. Transcriptional mechanisms controlling glucose production are redundant and involve nuclear hormone receptors and unliganded transcription factors (TFs). Our knowledge of this circuitry is incomplete. Here we used DNA affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry to probe the network of hormone-regulated TFs by using phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc) in liver and primary hepatocytes as model systems. The repertoire of insulin-regulated TFs is unexpectedly broad and diverse. Whereas in liver the two test promoters are regulated by largely overlapping sets of TFs, in primary hepatocytes Pck1 and G6pc regulation diverges. Insulin treatment preferentially results in increased occupancy by the two promoters, consistent with a model in which the hormone's primary role is to recruit corepressors rather than to clear activators. Nine insulin-responsive TFs are present in both models, but only FoxK1, FoxA2, ZFP91, and ZHX3 require an intact Pck1p insulin response sequence for binding. Knockdown of FoxK1 in primary hepatocytes decreased both glucose production and insulin's ability to suppress it. The findings expand the repertoire of insulin-dependent TFs and identify FoxK1 as a contributor to insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Qiongming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Junjie Hou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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15
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Tateya S, Rizzo-De Leon N, Cheng AM, Dick BP, Lee WJ, Kim ML, O’Brien K, Morton GJ, Schwartz MW, Kim F. The role of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in the control of hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215601. [PMID: 31017943 PMCID: PMC6481847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During periods in which glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is insufficient to meet body requirements, hepatic gluconeogenesis plays a key role to maintain normal blood glucose levels. The current studies investigated the role in this process played by vasodilatory-associated phosphoprotein (VASP), a protein that is phosphorylated in hepatocytes by cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA), a key mediator of the action of glucagon. We report that following stimulation of hepatocytes with 8Br-cAMP, phosphorylation of VASP preceded induction of genes encoding key gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6p) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1), and that VASP overexpression enhanced this gene induction. Conversely, hepatocytes from mice lacking VASP (Vasp-/-) displayed blunted induction of gluconeogenic enzymes in response to cAMP, and Vasp-/- mice exhibited both greater fasting hypoglycemia and blunted hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme gene expression in response to fasting in vivo. These effects of VASP deficiency were associated with reduced phosphorylation of both CREB (a key transcription factor for gluconeogenesis that lies downstream of PKA) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a combination of effects that inhibit transcription of gluconeogenic genes. These data support a model in which VASP functions as a molecular bridge linking the two key signal transduction pathways governing hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanshiro Tateya
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Norma Rizzo-De Leon
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Dick
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Woo Je Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Madeleine L. Kim
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kevin O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Morton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Francis Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Guo H, Xu G, Wang B, Xia F, Sun Q, Wang Y, Xie E, Lu Z, Jiang L, Xia Q. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is involved in antiviral immunity against Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 92:193-198. [PMID: 30471302 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) has cytoplasmic isoform (PEPCK-C) and a mitochondrial isoform (PEPCK-M). PEPCK-C plays an important role in gluconeogenesis, but the function of PEPCK-M is largely unknown. In this study, we cloned two isoforms of PEPCK (BmPEPCK-1 and BmPEPCK-2; both of PEPCK-M) from the lepidopteran model Bombyx mori. BmPEPCK-1 and BmPEPCK-2 were adjacently located in the silkworm genome, and both contained 13 exons. The main difference in the sequences was the 13th exon and 3'UTR. The expression of BmPEPCK-1 was higher than that of BmPEPCK-2, the overexpression of which did not affect BmNPV proliferation. The expression levels of BmPEPCK-2 and ATG6/7/8/13 decreased after BmNPV infection. Overexpression of BmPEPCK-2 increased the expression of ATG6/7/8 and significantly decreased viral fluorescence and content, suggesting that BmPEPCK-2 suppressed the multiplication of BmNPV by increasing ATGs expression. These results revealed that PEPCK-M has an important function in antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guowen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Enyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhongyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Higuchi S, Fujikawa R, Nakatsuji M, Yasui M, Ikedo T, Nagata M, Mishima K, Irie K, Matsumoto M, Yokode M, Minami M. EP 4 receptor-associated protein regulates gluconeogenesis in the liver and is associated with hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E410-E417. [PMID: 30562059 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00035.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 receptor 4-associated protein (EPRAP) is a key molecule in suppressing inflammatory responses in macrophages. EPRAP is expressed not only in macrophages but also in hepatocytes; however, the role of EPRAP in hepatocytes has not yet been defined. To examine the physiological role of hepatic EPRAP in mice, we performed the glucose tolerance test and the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in high-fat sucrose diet (HFSD)-fed wild-type (WT) and Eprap null mice. We evaluated the contribution of EPRAP to gluconeogenesis by pyruvate tolerance test and primary hepatocyte experiments. Furthermore, lentivirus-expressing Eprap-specific small-hairpin RNA was injected in db/ db mice. HFSD-fed Eprap null mice had significantly lower blood glucose levels than HFSD-fed WT mice. Eprap null mice also had low glucose levels after fasting or pyruvic acid injection. Moreover, primary hepatocytes from Eprap-deficient mice showed decreased glucose production and lower expression of the Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase and Glucose 6-phosphatase genes. Lentivirus-mediated hepatic Eprap suppression decreased glucose levels and the expression of gluconeogenic genes in db/ db mice. We conclude that EPRAP regulates gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes and is associated with hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Our data suggest that suppression of EPRAP could be a novel strategy for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Masato Nakatsuji
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Mika Yasui
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Manabu Nagata
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Keiichi Irie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Michihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
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18
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Beddow SA, Gattu AK, Vatner DF, Paolella L, Alqarzaee A, Tashkandi N, Popov VB, Church CD, Rodeheffer MS, Cline GW, Geisler JG, Bhanot S, Samuel VT. PEPCK1 Antisense Oligonucleotide Prevents Adiposity and Impairs Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis in High-Fat Male Fed Rats. Endocrinology 2019; 160:205-219. [PMID: 30445425 PMCID: PMC6307100 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The increased hepatic gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetes mellitus has often been ascribed to increased transcription of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cystolic form (PEPCK1), although recent evidence has questioned this attribution. To assess the metabolic role of PEPCK1, we treated regular chow fed and high-fat fed (HFF) male Sprague-Dawley rats with a 2'-O-methoxyethyl chimeric antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against PEPCK1 and compared them with control ASO-treated rats. PEPCK1 ASO effectively decreased PEPCK1 expression in the liver and white adipose tissue. In chow fed rats, PEPCK1 ASO did not alter adiposity, plasma glucose, or insulin. In contrast, PEPCK1 ASO decreased the white adipose tissue mass in HFF rats but without altering basal rates of lipolysis, de novo lipogenesis, or glyceroneogenesis in vivo. Despite the protection from adiposity, hepatic insulin sensitivity was impaired in HFF PEPCK1 ASO-treated rats. PEPCK1 ASO worsened hepatic steatosis, although without additional impairments in hepatic insulin signaling or activation of inflammatory signals in the liver. Instead, the development of hepatic insulin resistance and the decrease in hepatic glycogen synthesis during a hyperglycemic clamp was attributed to a decrease in hepatic glucokinase (GCK) expression and decreased synthesis of glycogen via the direct pathway. The decrease in GCK expression was associated with increased expression of activating transcription factor 3, a negative regulator of GCK transcription. These studies have demonstrated that PEPCK1 is integral to coordinating cellular metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue, although it does not directly effect hepatic glucose production or adipose glyceroneogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Beddow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Arijeet K Gattu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel F Vatner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lauren Paolella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Nedda Tashkandi
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Violeta B Popov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher D Church
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Varman T Samuel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
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19
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Matsuda H, Mullapudi ST, Yang YHC, Masaki H, Hesselson D, Stainier DYR. Whole-Organism Chemical Screening Identifies Modulators of Pancreatic β-Cell Function. Diabetes 2018; 67:2268-2279. [PMID: 30115653 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell loss and dysfunction play a critical role in the progression of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Identifying new molecules and/or molecular pathways that improve β-cell function and/or increase β-cell mass should significantly contribute to the development of new therapies for diabetes. Using the zebrafish model, we screened 4,640 small molecules to identify modulators of β-cell function. This in vivo strategy identified 84 stimulators of insulin expression, which simultaneously reduced glucose levels. The insulin promoter activation kinetics for 32 of these stimulators were consistent with a direct mode of action. A subset of insulin stimulators, including the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone, induced the coordinated upregulation of gluconeogenic pck1 expression, suggesting functional response to increased insulin action in peripheral tissues. Notably, Kv1.3 inhibitors increased β-cell mass in larval zebrafish and stimulated β-cell function in adult zebrafish and in the streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mouse model. In addition, our data indicate that cytoplasmic Kv1.3 regulates β-cell function. Thus, using whole-organism screening, we have identified new small-molecule modulators of β-cell function and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Matsuda
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sri Teja Mullapudi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yu Hsuan Carol Yang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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20
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Ferreira GN, Rossi-Valentim R, Buzelle SL, Paula-Gomes S, Zanon NM, Garófalo MAR, Frasson D, Navegantes LCC, Chaves VE, Kettelhut IDC. Differential regulation of glyceroneogenesis by glucocorticoids in epididymal and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue from rats. Endocrine 2017; 57:287-297. [PMID: 28555305 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate the glycerol-3-phosphate generation pathways in epididymal (EPI) and retroperitoneal (RETRO) adipose tissues from dexamethasone-treated rats. METHODS Rats were treated with dexamethasone for 7 days. Glycerol-3-phosphate generation pathways via glycolysis, glyceroneogenesis and direct phosphorylation of glycerol were evaluated, respectively, by 2-deoxyglucose uptake, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) activity and pyruvate incorporation into triacylglycerol (TAG)-glycerol, and glycerokinase activity and glycerol incorporation into TAG-glycerol. RESULTS Dexamethasone treatment markedly decreased the body weight, but increased the weight and lipid content of EPI and RETRO and plasma insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acid and TAG levels. EPI and RETRO from dexamethasone-treated rats showed increased rates of de novo fatty acid synthesis (80 and 100%) and basal lipolysis (20%). In EPI, dexamethasone decreased the 2-deoxyglucose uptake (50%), as well as glyceroneogenesis, evidenced by a decrease of PEPCK-C activity (39%) and TAG-glycerol synthesis from pyruvate (66%), but increased the glycerokinase activity (50%) and TAG-glycerol synthesis from glycerol (72%) in this tissue. In spite of a similar reduction in 2-deoxyglucose uptake in RETRO, dexamethasone treatment increased glyceroneogenesis, evidenced by PEPCK activity (96%), and TAG-glycerol synthesis from pyruvate (110%), accompanied by a decrease in glycerokinase activity (50%) and TAG-glycerol synthesis from glycerol (50%). Dexamethasone effects on RETRO were accompanied by a decrease in p-Akt content and by lower insulin effects on the rates of glycerol release in the presence of isoproterenol and on the rates of glucose uptake in isolated adipocytes. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated differential regulation of glyceroneogenesis and direct phosphorylation of glycerol by glucocorticoids in EPI and RETRO from rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Nascimento Ferreira
- Departments of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rossi-Valentim
- Departments of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samyra Lopes Buzelle
- Biochemistry-Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Paula-Gomes
- Biochemistry-Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neusa Maria Zanon
- Departments of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Danúbia Frasson
- Latin American Institute of Life and Nature Science, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Ernestânia Chaves
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Isis do Carmo Kettelhut
- Biochemistry-Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Joannides CN, Mangiafico SP, Waters MF, Lamont BJ, Andrikopoulos S. Dapagliflozin improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in a novel transgenic rat model of chronic glucose overproduction and glucose toxicity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:1135-1146. [PMID: 28244693 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether the excretion of glucose improves insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion or both. MATERIALS AND METHODS Appropriate methods were used to assess insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp) and insulin secretion (hyperglycaemic clamp) in insulin-resistant and hyperglycaemic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) transgenic rats after treatment with the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin. RESULTS In 14-week-old rats with hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, 6 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment resulted in lower weight gain, plasma glucose and insulin levels, and improved glucose tolerance, associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity (rate of glucose disappearance: 51.6 ± 2.3 vs 110.6 ± 3.9 µmol/min/kg; P < .005) and glucose uptake in muscle (0.9 ± 0.1 vs 1.7 ± 0.3 µmol/min/100 g; P < .05) and fat (0.23 ± 0.04 vs 0.55 ± 0.10 µmol/min/100 g, P < .05). Additionally, adipose tissue GLUT4 protein levels were increased (0.78 ± 0.05 vs 1.20 ± 0.09 arbitrary units; P < .05), adipocyte count was higher (221.4 ± 17.7 vs 302.3 ± 21.7 per mm2 fat area; P < .05) and adipocyte size was reduced (4631.8 ± 351.5 vs 3397.6 ± 229.4 µm2 , P < .05). There was no improvement, however, in insulin secretion. To determine whether earlier intervention is necessary, 5-week-old PEPCK transgenic rats were treated with dapagliflozin for 9 weeks and insulin secretion assessed. Dapagliflozin resulted in improved plasma glucose and insulin levels, and lower weight gain but, again, insulin secretion was not improved. CONCLUSIONS In this transgenic model of low-grade chronic hyperglycaemia, SGLT2 inhibitor treatment resulted in reduced blood glucose and insulin levels and enhanced glucose tolerance, associated with improved muscle and fat insulin resistance but not improved insulin secretory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos N Joannides
- Department of Medicine, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Salvatore P Mangiafico
- Department of Medicine, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew F Waters
- Department of Medicine, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Lamont
- Department of Medicine, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Latorre P, Varona L, Burgos C, Carrodeguas JA, López-Buesa P. O-GlcNAcylation mediates the control of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity via Pgc1α. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179988. [PMID: 28644880 PMCID: PMC5482481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC1α is a coactivator of many transcription factors and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) is a key enzyme for gluconeogenesis. PGC1α interacts with the transcription factor PPARγ to stimulate PCK1 expression and thus de novo glucose synthesis. These proteins are not only important for central energy metabolism but also for supplying intermediates for other metabolic pathways, including lipidogenesis and protein synthesis and might therefore be important factors in the ethiopathogenesis of metabolic disorders like diabetes but also in other pathologies like cancer. Since polymorphisms in these proteins have been related to some phenotypic traits in animals like pigs and PGC1α G482S polymorphism increases fat deposition in humans, we have investigated the molecular basis of such effects focusing on a commonly studied polymorphism in pig Pgc1α, which changes a cysteine at position 430 (WT) of the protein to a serine (C430S). Biochemical analyses show that Pgc1α WT stimulates higher expression of human PCK1 in HEK293T and HepG2 cells. Paradoxically, Pgc1α WT is less stable than Pgc1α p.C430S in HEK293T cells. However, the study of different post-translational modifications shows a higher O-GlcNAcylation level of Pgc1α p.C430S. This higher O-GlcNAcylation level significantly decreases the interaction between Pgc1α and PPARγ demonstrating the importance of post-translational glycosylation of PGC1α in the regulation of PCK1 activity. This, furthermore, could explain at least in part the observed epistatic effects between PGC1α and PCK1 in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Latorre
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFIIQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Varona
- Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Burgos
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFIIQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A. Carrodeguas
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFIIQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pascual López-Buesa
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), BIFIIQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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23
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Gutteridge REA, Singh CK, Ndiaye MA, Ahmad N. Targeted knockdown of polo-like kinase 1 alters metabolic regulation in melanoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 394:13-21. [PMID: 28235541 PMCID: PMC5415376 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A limited number of studies have indicated an association of the mitotic kinase polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and cellular metabolism. Here, employing an inducible RNA interference approach in A375 melanoma cells coupled with a PCR array and multiple validation approaches, we demonstrated that PLK1 alters a number of genes associated with cellular metabolism. PLK1 knockdown resulted in a significant downregulation of IDH1, PDP2 and PCK1 and upregulation of FBP1. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified that 1) glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway are major canonical pathways associated with PLK1, and 2) PLK1 inhibition-modulated genes were largely associated with cellular proliferation, with FBP1 being the key modulator. Further, BI 6727-mediated inhibition of PLK1 caused a decrease in PCK1 and increase in FBP1 in A375 melanoma cell implanted xenografts in vivo. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between PLK1 and FBP1 was found in melanoma cells, with FBP1 expression significantly downregulated in a panel of melanoma cells. In addition, BI 6727 treatment resulted in an upregulation in FBP1 in A375, Hs294T and G361 melanoma cells. Overall, our study suggests that PLK1 may be an important regulator of metabolism maintenance in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mary Ann Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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24
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Vieira P, Cameron J, Rahikkala E, Keski-Filppula R, Zhang LH, Santra S, Matthews A, Myllynen P, Nuutinen M, Moilanen JS, Rodenburg RJ, Rolfs A, Uusimaa J, van Karnebeek CDM. Novel homozygous PCK1 mutation causing cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency presenting as childhood hypoglycemia, an abnormal pattern of urine metabolites and liver dysfunction. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:337-341. [PMID: 28216384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and laboratory data were collected from three Finnish patients including a sibling pair and another unrelated child with unexplained childhood hypoglycemia. Transient elevation of alanine transaminase, lactate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, especially fumarate, were noticed in urine organic acid analysis. Exome sequencing was performed for the patients and their parents. A novel homozygous PCK1 c.925G>A (p.G309R) mutation was detected in all affected individuals. COS-1 cells transfected with mutant PCK1 transcripts were used to study the pathogenic nature of the detected variant. The COS-1 transfected cells showed the mutant gene to be incapable of producing a normally functioning cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) enzyme. This report further delineates the clinical phenotype of isolated cytosolic PEPCK deficiency and offers a metabolic pattern helping to recognize these patients. Cytosolic PEPCK deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with hypoglycemia, hepatic dysfunction and elevated tricarboxylic acid intermediates in urinary organic acid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Vieira
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jessie Cameron
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Elisa Rahikkala
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka Keski-Filppula
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Saikat Santra
- Department of Clinical Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, United Kingdom
| | - Allison Matthews
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Päivi Myllynen
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Nuutinen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka S Moilanen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Centogene AG, The Rare Disease Company, Rostock, Germany; Albrecht Kossel Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Clara D M van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Pickering RT, Lee MJ, Karastergiou K, Gower A, Fried SK. Depot Dependent Effects of Dexamethasone on Gene Expression in Human Omental and Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues from Obese Women. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167337. [PMID: 28005982 PMCID: PMC5179014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids promote fat accumulation in visceral compared to subcutaneous depots, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. To identify long-term changes in gene expression that are differentially sensitive or responsive to glucocorticoids in these depots, paired samples of human omental (Om) and abdominal subcutaneous (Abdsc) adipose tissues obtained from obese women during elective surgery were cultured with the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (Dex, 0, 1, 10, 25 and 1000 nM) for 7 days. Dex regulated 32% of the 19,741 genes on the array, while 53% differed by Depot and 2.5% exhibited a Depot*Dex concentration interaction. Gene set enrichment analysis showed Dex regulation of the expected metabolic and inflammatory pathways in both depots. Cluster analysis of the 460 transcripts that exhibited an interaction of Depot and Dex concentration revealed sets of mRNAs for which the responses to Dex differed in magnitude, sensitivity or direction between the two depots as well as mRNAs that responded to Dex only in one depot. These transcripts were also clearly depot different in fresh adipose tissue and are implicated in processes that could affect adipose tissue distribution or functions (e.g. adipogenesis, triacylglycerol synthesis and storage, insulin action). Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the depot differences in the effect of Dex on the expression of specific genes and pathways that regulate adipose function may offer novel insights into understanding the biology of visceral adipose tissues and their links to metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Taylor Pickering
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kalypso Karastergiou
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Adam Gower
- Clinical Translational Sciences Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Fried
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Koch F, Lamp O, Eslamizad M, Weitzel J, Kuhla B. Metabolic Response to Heat Stress in Late-Pregnant and Early Lactation Dairy Cows: Implications to Liver-Muscle Crosstalk. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160912. [PMID: 27513961 PMCID: PMC4981427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate changes lead to rising temperatures during summer periods and dramatic economic losses in dairy production. Modern high-yielding dairy cows experience severe metabolic stress during the transition period between late gestation and early lactation to meet the high energy and nutrient requirements of the fetus or the mammary gland, and additional thermal stress during this time has adverse implications on metabolism and welfare. The mechanisms enabling metabolic adaptation to heat apart from the decline in feed intake and milk yield are not fully elucidated yet. To distinguish between feed intake and heat stress related effects, German Holstein dairy cows were first kept at thermoneutral conditions at 15°C followed by exposure to heat-stressed (HS) at 28°C or pair-feeding (PF) at 15°C for 6 days; in late-pregnancy and again in early lactation. Liver and muscle biopsies and plasma samples were taken to assess major metabolic pathway regulation using real-time PCR and Western Blot. The results indicate that during heat stress, late pregnant cows activate Cahill but reduce Cori cycling, prevent increase in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation, and utilize increased amounts of pyruvate for gluconeogenesis, without altering ureagenesis despite reduced plane of nutrition. These homeorhetic adaptations are employed to reduce endogenous heat production while diverting amino acids to the growing fetus. Metabolic adaptation to heat stress in early lactation involves increased long-chain fatty acid degradation in muscle peroxisomes, allowance for muscle glucose utilization but diminished hepatic use of amino acid-derived pyruvate for gluconeogenesis and reduced peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and ATP production in liver of HS compared to PF cows in early lactation. Consequently, metabolic adaptation to heat stress and reduced feed intake differ between late pregnancy and early lactation of dairy cows to maintain energy supply for fetus development or milk production simultaneously reducing endogenous heat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Koch
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ole Lamp
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Schleswig Holstein Chamber of Agriculture, Department of Animal production, Futterkamp, Blekendorf, Germany
| | - Mehdi Eslamizad
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Department of Animal Science, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joachim Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Huang XJ, Li J, Mei ZY, Chen G. Gentiopicroside and sweroside from Veratrilla baillonii Franch. induce phosphorylation of Akt and suppress Pck1 expression in hepatoma cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:270-8. [PMID: 27248905 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of phytochemicals and herbal medicines has accompanied human history. Advances in modern biomedical sciences have allowed us to investigate the functional mechanisms of herbal medicines and phytochemicals. Veratrilla baillonii Franch. has long been used as a medicinal herb in southwestern China. Here, we analyzed the effects of an ethanol extract from V. baillonii (VBFE) on the expression levels of the cytosolic form of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene (Pck1) mRNA and components of the insulin signalling cascade in HL1C hepatoma cells. Compared with the insulin control, VBFE treatment inhibited the expression of Pck1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. This was associated with the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 in a time-dependent manner. Further analysis of the purified components of VBFE indicated that gentiopicroside and sweroside from VBFE, alone and in combination, suppressed Pck1 expression and induced Akt and Erk1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, gentiopicroside and sweroside suppress Pck1 expression and induce phosphorylation of components in the insulin signalling cascade. This is the first study to demonstrate that gentiopicroside and sweroside show insulin-mimicking effects on the regulation of Pck1 expression. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential of gentiopicroside and sweroside in the control of blood glucose in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ju Huang
- a College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- a College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yi Mei
- a College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Guoxun Chen
- b Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, 229 Jessie Harris Building, 1215 West Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Santra S, Cameron JM, Shyr C, Zhang L, Drögemöller B, Ross CJ, Wasserman WW, Wevers RA, Rodenburg RJ, Gupte G, Preece MA, van Karnebeek CD. Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency presenting with acute liver failure following gastroenteritis. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 118:21-7. [PMID: 26971250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient from a consanguineous family who presented with transient acute liver failure and biochemical patterns suggestive of disturbed urea cycle and mitochondrial function, for whom conventional genetic and metabolic investigations for acute liver failure failed to yield a diagnosis. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous 12-bp deletion in PCK1 (MIM 614168) encoding cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK); enzymatic studies subsequently confirmed its pathogenic nature. We propose that PEPCK deficiency should be considered in the young child with unexplained liver failure, especially where there are marked, accumulations of TCA cycle metabolites on urine organic acid analysis and/or an amino acid profile with hyperammonaemia suggestive of a proximal urea cycle defect during the acute episode. If suspected, intravenous administration of dextrose should be initiated. Long-term management comprising avoidance of fasting with the provision of a glucose polymer emergency regimen for illness management may be sufficient to prevent future episodes of liver failure. This case report provides further insights into the (patho-)physiology of energy metabolism, confirming the power of genomic analysis of unexplained biochemical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessie M Cameron
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Canada
| | - Casper Shyr
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Linhua Zhang
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Britt Drögemöller
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Colin J Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wyeth W Wasserman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Clara D van Karnebeek
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Abstract
Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hepatic glucose production are regulated according to a circadian rhythm. An early morning increase in FBG levels, which is pronounced among diabetic patients, is known as the dawn phenomenon. Although the intracellular circadian clock generates various molecular rhythms, whether the hepatic clock is involved in FBG rhythm remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of phase shift and disruption of the hepatic clock on the FBG rhythm. In both C57BL/6J and diabetic ob/ob mice, FBG exhibited significant daily rhythms with a peak at the beginning of the dark phase. Light-phase restricted feeding altered the phase of FBG rhythm mildly in C57BL/6J mice and greatly in ob/ob mice, in concert with the phase shifts of mRNA expression rhythms of the clock and glucose production-related genes in the liver. Moreover, the rhythmicity of FBG and Glut2 expression was not detected in liver-specific Bmal1-deficient mice. Furthermore, treatment with octreotide suppressed the plasma growth hormone concentration but did not affect the hepatic mRNA expression of the clock genes or the rise in FBG during the latter half of the resting phase in C57BL/6J mice. These results suggest that the hepatic circadian clock plays a critical role in regulating the daily FBG rhythm, including the dawn phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ando
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (H.A., K.U., A.F.), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; and Department of Health Science (S.S.), School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (H.A., K.U., A.F.), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; and Department of Health Science (S.S.), School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (H.A., K.U., A.F.), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; and Department of Health Science (S.S.), School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (H.A., K.U., A.F.), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; and Department of Health Science (S.S.), School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
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Schein V, Kucharski LC, Guerreiro PMG, Martins TL, Morgado I, Power DM, Canario AVM, da Silva RSM. Stanniocalcin 1 effects on the renal gluconeogenesis pathway in rat and fish. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 414:1-8. [PMID: 26187698 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney contributes significantly to glucose homeostasis through gluconeogenesis. Considering that stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) regulates ATP production, is synthesized and acts in different cell types of the nephron, the present study hypothesized that STC1 may be implicated in the regulation of gluconeogenesis in the vertebrate kidney. Human STC1 strongly reduced gluconeogenesis from (14)C-glutamine in rat renal medulla (MD) slices but not in renal cortex (CX), nor from (14)C-lactic acid. Total PEPCK activity was markedly reduced by hSTC1 in MD but not in CX. Pck2 (mitochondrial PEPCK isoform) was down-regulated by hSTC1 in MD but not in CX. In fish (Dicentrarchus labrax) kidney slices, both STC1-A and -B isoforms decreased gluconeogenesis from (14)C-acid lactic, while STC1-A increased gluconeogenesis from (14)C-glutamine. Overall, our results demonstrate a role for STC1 in the control of glucose synthesis via renal gluconeogenesis in mammals and suggest that it may have a similar role in teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schein
- Pos-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pos-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; CCMAR - Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Luiz C Kucharski
- Pos-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro M G Guerreiro
- CCMAR - Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Leal Martins
- Pos-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabel Morgado
- CCMAR - Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- CCMAR - Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Adelino V M Canario
- CCMAR - Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Roselis S M da Silva
- Pos-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Mapes
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y
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32
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Kaiser S, Hwang JJ, Curthoys NP. Effect of acidosis on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glutaminase mRNAs in rat kidney and in LLC-PK-F+ cells. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 92:206-10. [PMID: 1756643 DOI: 10.1159/000420099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Kaiser
- Department of Biochemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
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33
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Schoolwerth AC, deBoer P, Moorman AF, Lamers WH. Time course of changes in mRNAs for enzymes of glutamine metabolism in kidney during metabolic acidosis. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 110:127-32. [PMID: 7956244 DOI: 10.1159/000423409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Schoolwerth
- Anatomy and Embryology Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Winiarska K, Jarzyna R, Dzik JM, Jagielski AK, Grabowski M, Nowosielska A, Focht D, Sierakowski B. ERK1/2 pathway is involved in renal gluconeogenesis inhibition under conditions of lowered NADPH oxidase activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 81:13-21. [PMID: 25601753 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of renal gluconeogenesis occurring under conditions of lowered activity of NADPH oxidase (Nox), the enzyme considered to be one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species in kidneys. The in vitro experiments were performed on primary cultures of rat renal proximal tubules, with the use of apocynin, a selective Nox inhibitor, and TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), a potent superoxide radical scavenger. In the in vivo experiments, Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a well established model of diabetes type 2, were treated with apocynin solution in drinking water. The main in vitro findings are the following: (1) both apocynin and TEMPOL attenuate the rate of gluconeogenesis, inhibiting the step catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a key enzyme of the process; (2) in the presence of the above-noted compounds the expression of PEPCK and the phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB and ERK1/2 kinases are lowered; (3) both U0126 (MEK inhibitor) and 3-(2-aminoethyl)-5-((4-ethoxyphenyl)methylene)-2,4-thiazolidinedione (ERK inhibitor) diminish the rate of glucose synthesis via mechanisms similar to those of apocynin and TEMPOL. The observed apocynin in vivo effects include: (1) slight attenuation of hyperglycemia; (2) inhibition of renal gluconeogenesis; (3) a decrease in renal PEPCK activity and content. In view of the results summarized above, it can be concluded that: (1) the lowered activity of the ERK1/2 pathway is of importance for the inhibition of renal gluconeogenesis found under conditions of lowered superoxide radical production by Nox; (2) the mechanism of this phenomenon includes decreased PEPCK expression, resulting from diminished activity of transcription factor CREB; (3) apocynin-evoked inhibition of renal gluconeogenesis contributes to the hypoglycemic action of this compound observed in diabetic animals. Thus, the study has delivered some new insights into the recently discussed issue of the usefulness of Nox inhibition as a potential antidiabetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Winiarska
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Jarzyna
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta M Dzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam K Jagielski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Grabowski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Nowosielska
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Focht
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Sierakowski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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Zhu L, Yin Q, Irwin DM, Zhang S. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 gene (Pck1) displays parallel evolution between Old World and New World fruit bats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118666. [PMID: 25807515 PMCID: PMC4373879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are an ideal mammalian group for exploring adaptations to fasting due to their large variety of diets and because fasting is a regular part of their life cycle. Mammals fed on a carbohydrate-rich diet experience a rapid decrease in blood glucose levels during a fast, thus, the development of mechanisms to resist the consequences of regular fasts, experienced on a daily basis, must have been crucial in the evolution of frugivorous bats. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PEPCK1, encoded by the Pck1 gene) is the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis and is largely responsible for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis during fasting in fruit-eating bats. To test whether Pck1 has experienced adaptive evolution in frugivorous bats, we obtained Pck1 coding sequence from 20 species of bats, including five Old World fruit bats (OWFBs) (Pteropodidae) and two New World fruit bats (NWFBs) (Phyllostomidae). Our molecular evolutionary analyses of these sequences revealed that Pck1 was under purifying selection in both Old World and New World fruit bats with no evidence of positive selection detected in either ancestral branch leading to fruit bats. Interestingly, however, six specific amino acid substitutions were detected on the ancestral lineage of OWFBs. In addition, we found considerable evidence for parallel evolution, at the amino acid level, between the PEPCK1 sequences of Old World fruit bats and New World fruit bats. Test for parallel evolution showed that four parallel substitutions (Q276R, R503H, I558V and Q593R) were driven by natural selection. Our study provides evidence that Pck1 underwent parallel evolution between Old World and New World fruit bats, two lineages of mammals that feed on a carbohydrate-rich diet and experience regular periods of fasting as part of their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, SKLEC & IECR & IAIR, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyuan Yin
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, SKLEC & IECR & IAIR, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - David M. Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, SKLEC & IECR & IAIR, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Besic V, Shi H, Stubbs RS, Hayes MT. Aberrant liver insulin receptor isoform a expression normalises with remission of type 2 diabetes after gastric bypass surgery. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119270. [PMID: 25742416 PMCID: PMC4351188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from a combination of progressive insulin resistance and loss of pancreatic beta cell function and/or mass. Insulin signalling occurs through the insulin receptor, (INSR) which is alternatively spliced into two isoforms: INSRA (-exon 11) and INSRB (+exon 11). Because the INSR isoforms have different functional characteristics, their relative expression ratio has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. We studied levels of INSR isoform mRNA in liver samples taken from 46 individuals with or without T2DM at Roux-en-Y (RYGB) surgery, and on average 17 (± 5.6) months later in 16 of the same individuals (8 diabetic and non-diabetic patients). INSRA or INSRB was also overexpressed in HepG2 cells to ascertain their effect on AKT phosphorylation and PCK1 expression as markers of insulin-mediated metabolic signalling. We found the INSRB:A isoform ratio was reduced in individuals with T2DM in comparison to those with normal glucose tolerance and normalised with remission of diabetes. The INSRB:A ratio increased due to a reduction in the alternatively spliced INSRA isoform following remission of diabetes. Overexpressing INSRA isoform in HepG2 hepatoma cells reduced inhibition of PCK1 transcription and did not increase AKT phosphorylation in response to insulin load compared to the effect of overexpressing the B isoform. Data presented here revitalizes the role of the INSR isoforms in the pathogenesis of T2DM, and suggests that an abrogated INSRB:A ratio that favours the INSRA isoform may negatively impact insulin-mediated metabolic signalling.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alternative Splicing
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Female
- Gastric Bypass/methods
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Obesity, Morbid/complications
- Obesity, Morbid/genetics
- Obesity, Morbid/surgery
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)/genetics
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinko Besic
- Wakefield Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (VB); (MTH)
| | - Hongjun Shi
- Wakefield Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard S. Stubbs
- Wakefield Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- The Wakefield Clinic, Wakefield Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark T. Hayes
- Wakefield Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- * E-mail: (VB); (MTH)
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Cowens KR, Simpson S, Thomas WK, Carey GB. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE)-Induced Suppression of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) Decreases Hepatic Glyceroneogenesis and Disrupts Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2015; 78:1437-49. [PMID: 26692069 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1098580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are a class of flame-retardant chemicals that leach into the environment and enter the human body. PBDE have been shown to suppress activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a key enzyme in fatty acid esterification via hepatic glyceroneogenesis. The objective of this investigation was to assess hepatic glyceroneogenesis and lipid metabolism in PBDE-treated rats. Male, weanling Wistar rats were gavaged daily for 28 d with 14 mg/kg body weight of either DE-71, a commercial PBDE mixture (treated), or corn oil (control). After a 48-h fast, rats were euthanized, blood was obtained, and livers were excised. Suppression of hepatic PEPCK activity by 40% was noted. Serum ketone bodies were elevated by 27% in treated rats compared to controls, while hepatic glyceroneogenesis as measured by (14)C-pyruvate incorporation into triglycerides was 41% lower in explants from treated rats compared to controls. Liver lipid content was 29% lower in treated animals compared to controls. Taken together, these findings suggest that DE-71-induced inhibition of hepatic PEPCK activity alters lipid metabolism by redirecting fatty acids away from esterification and storage toward ketone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie R Cowens
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , USA
| | - Stephen Simpson
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , USA
| | - Gale B Carey
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , USA
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38
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Adams DR, Yuan H, Holyoak T, Arajs KH, Hakimi P, Markello TC, Wolfe LA, Vilboux T, Burton BK, Fajardo KF, Grahame G, Holloman C, Sincan M, Smith ACM, Wells GA, Huang Y, Vega H, Snyder JP, Golas GA, Tifft CJ, Boerkoel CF, Hanson RW, Traynelis SF, Kerr DS, Gahl WA. Three rare diseases in one Sib pair: RAI1, PCK1, GRIN2B mutations associated with Smith-Magenis Syndrome, cytosolic PEPCK deficiency and NMDA receptor glutamate insensitivity. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:161-70. [PMID: 24863970 PMCID: PMC4219933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program evaluates patients for whom no diagnosis has been discovered despite a comprehensive diagnostic workup. Failure to diagnose a condition may arise from the mutation of genes previously unassociated with disease. However, we hypothesized that this could also co-occur with multiple genetic disorders. Demonstrating a complex syndrome caused by multiple disorders, we report two siblings manifesting both similar and disparate signs and symptoms. They shared a history of episodes of hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis, but had differing exam findings and developmental courses. Clinical acumen and exome sequencing combined with biochemical and functional studies identified three genetic conditions. One sibling had Smith-Magenis Syndrome and a nonsense mutation in the RAI1 gene. The second sibling had a de novo mutation in GRIN2B, which resulted in markedly reduced glutamate potency of the encoded receptor. Both siblings had a protein-destabilizing homozygous mutation in PCK1, which encodes the cytosolic isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C). In summary, we present the first clinically-characterized mutation of PCK1 and demonstrate that complex medical disorders can represent the co-occurrence of multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Adams
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd Holyoak
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina H Arajs
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Parvin Hakimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Thomas C Markello
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thierry Vilboux
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara K Burton
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karin Fuentes Fajardo
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George Grahame
- Center for Inherited Disorders of Energy Metabolism, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Conisha Holloman
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Murat Sincan
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ann C M Smith
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gordon A Wells
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Yan Huang
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hugo Vega
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James P Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gretchen A Golas
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard W Hanson
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Douglas S Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, USA; Center for Inherited Disorders of Energy Metabolism, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Cantley JL, Vatner DF, Galbo T, Madiraju A, Petersen M, Perry RJ, Kumashiro N, Guebre-Egziabher F, Gattu AK, Stacy MR, Dione DP, Sinusas AJ, Ragolia L, Hall CE, Manchem VP, Bhanot S, Bogan JS, Samuel VT. Targeting steroid receptor coactivator 1 with antisense oligonucleotides increases insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake in chow-fed and high-fat-fed male rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E773-83. [PMID: 25159329 PMCID: PMC4216948 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00148.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1) regulates key metabolic pathways, including glucose homeostasis. SRC1(-/-) mice have decreased hepatic expression of gluconeogenic enzymes and a reduction in the rate of endogenous glucose production (EGP). We sought to determine whether decreasing hepatic and adipose SRC1 expression in normal adult rats would alter glucose homeostasis and insulin action. Regular chow-fed and high-fat-fed male Sprage-Dawley rats were treated with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against SRC1 or a control ASO for 4 wk, followed by metabolic assessments. SRC1 ASO did not alter basal EGP or expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. Instead, SRC1 ASO increased insulin-stimulated whole body glucose disposal by ~30%, which was attributable largely to an increase in insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. This was associated with an approximately sevenfold increase in adipose expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase, a previously reported regulator of insulin sensitivity, and an approximately 70% increase in plasma PGD2 concentration. Muscle insulin signaling, AMPK activation, and tissue perfusion were unchanged. Although GLUT4 content was unchanged, SRC1 ASO increased the cleavage of tether-containing UBX domain for GLUT4, a regulator of GLUT4 translocation. These studies point to a novel role of adipose SRC1 as a regulator of insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cantley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naoki Kumashiro
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | | | - Arijeet K Gattu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | - Louis Ragolia
- Vascular Biology Institute, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | - Christopher E Hall
- Vascular Biology Institute, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | | | | | - Jonathan S Bogan
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Varman T Samuel
- Departments of Internal Medicine and West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut;
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40
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Laos S, Caimari A, Crescenti A, Lakkis J, Puiggròs F, Arola L, del Bas JM. Long-term intake of soyabean phytosterols lowers serum TAG and NEFA concentrations, increases bile acid synthesis and protects against fatty liver development in dyslipidaemic hamsters. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:663-73. [PMID: 24932972 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various human trials and pre-clinical studies have suggested that dietary plant sterols possess hypotriacylglycerolaemic properties apart from their cholesterol-lowering properties. We hypothesised that phytosterols (PS) might attenuate triacylglycerolaemia by interfering with the deleterious effects of cholesterol overload in the liver. In the present study, twenty hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) with diet-induced combined hyperlipidaemia were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, n 10) or a HFD supplemented with soyabean PS (n 10) for 40 d. In parallel, a healthy group was fed a standard diet (n 10). PS normalised fasting plasma cholesterol concentrations completely after 20 d and were also able to normalise serum TAG and NEFA concentrations after 40 d. HFD feeding caused microvesicular steatosis and impaired the expression of key genes related to fatty acid oxidation such as PPARA, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-Iα (CPT1A) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) in the liver. PS treatment completely protected against HFD-induced steatosis and resulted in a normalised hepatic gene expression profile. The protection of the hepatic function by PS was paralleled by increased faecal cholesterol excretion along with a 2-fold increase in the biliary bile acid (BA):cholesterol ratio. The present study supports the conclusion that long-term consumption of PS can reduce serum TAG and NEFA concentrations and can protect against the development of fatty liver via different mechanisms, including the enhancement of BA synthesis. The results of the present study place these compounds as promising hepatoprotective agents against fatty liver and its derived pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirle Laos
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS),TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat 1,43204Reus, Tarragona,Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS),TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat 1,43204Reus, Tarragona,Spain
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS),TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat 1,43204Reus, Tarragona,Spain
| | | | - Francesc Puiggròs
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS),TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat 1,43204Reus, Tarragona,Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS),TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat 1,43204Reus, Tarragona,Spain
| | - Josep Maria del Bas
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS),TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat 1,43204Reus, Tarragona,Spain
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Takagi K, Asano K, Haneishi A, Ono M, Komatsu Y, Yamamoto T, Tanaka T, Ueno H, Ogawa W, Tomita K, Noguchi T, Yamada K. Insulin stimulates the expression of the SHARP-1 gene via multiple signaling pathways. Horm Metab Res 2014; 46:397-403. [PMID: 24446161 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The rat enhancer of split- and hairy-related protein-1 (SHARP-1) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. An issue of whether SHARP-1 is an insulin-inducible transcription factor was examined. Insulin rapidly increased the level of SHARP-1 mRNA both in vivo and in vitro. Then, signaling pathways involved with the increase of SHARP-1 mRNA by insulin were determined in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells. Pretreatments with LY294002, wortmannin, and staurosporine completely blocked the induction effect, suggesting the involvement of both phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. In fact, overexpression of a dominant negative form of atypical protein kinase C lambda (aPKCλ) significantly decreased the induction of the SHARP-1 mRNA. In addition, inhibitors for the small GTPase Rac or Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) also blocked the induction of SHARP-1 mRNA by insulin. Overexpression of a dominant negative form of Rac1 prevented the activation by insulin. Furthermore, actinomycin D and cycloheximide completely blocked the induction of SHARP-1 mRNA by insulin. Finally, when a SHARP-1 expression plasmid was transiently transfected with various reporter plasmids into H4IIE cells, the promoter activity of PEPCK reporter plasmid was specifically decreased. Thus, we conclude that insulin induces the SHARP-1 gene expression at the transcription level via a both PI 3-K/aPKCλ/JNK- and a PI 3-K/Rac/JNK-signaling pathway; protein synthesis is required for this induction; and that SHARP-1 is a potential repressor of the PEPCK gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takagi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Nagano-, Japan
| | - K Asano
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Nagano-, Japan
| | - A Haneishi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Nagano-, Japan
| | - M Ono
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Y Komatsu
- Matsumoto University Graduate School of Health Science, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani -University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani -University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Ueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathophysiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, -Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - W Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Division of Diabetes and -Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of -Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani -University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Noguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani -University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Yamada
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Matsumoto, Nagano-, Japan
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42
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Fernandes GW, Ueta CB, Fonseca TL, Gouveia CHA, Lancellotti CL, Brum PC, Christoffolete MA, Bianco AC, Ribeiro MO. Inactivation of the adrenergic receptor β2 disrupts glucose homeostasis in mice. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:381-90. [PMID: 24868110 PMCID: PMC4976625 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three types of beta adrenergic receptors (ARβ1-3) mediate the sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), the key thermogenic site for mice which is also present in adult humans. In this study, we evaluated adaptive thermogenesis and metabolic profile of a mouse with Arβ2 knockout (ARβ2KO). At room temperature, ARβ2KO mice have normal core temperature and, upon acute cold exposure (4 °C for 4 h), ARβ2KO mice accelerate energy expenditure normally and attempt to maintain body temperature. ARβ2KO mice also exhibited normal interscapular BAT thermal profiles during a 30-min infusion of norepinephrine or dobutamine, possibly due to marked elevation of interscapular BAT (iBAT) and of Arβ1, and Arβ3 mRNA levels. In addition, ARβ2KO mice exhibit similar body weight, adiposity, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides when compared with WT controls, but exhibit marked fasting hyperinsulinemia and elevation in hepatic Pepck (Pck1) mRNA levels. The animals were fed a high-fat diet (40% fat) for 6 weeks, ARβ2KO mice doubled their caloric intake, accelerated energy expenditure, and induced Ucp1 expression in a manner similar to WT controls, exhibiting a similar body weight gain and increase in the size of white adipocytes to the WT controls. However, ARβ2KO mice maintain fasting hyperglycemia as compared with WT controls despite very elevated insulin levels, but similar degrees of liver steatosis and hyperlipidemia. In conclusion, inactivation of the ARβ2KO pathway preserves cold- and diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis but disrupts glucose homeostasis possibly by accelerating hepatic glucose production and insulin secretion. Feeding on a high-fat diet worsens the metabolic imbalance, with significant fasting hyperglycemia but similar liver structure and lipid profile to the WT controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo W Fernandes
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Cintia B Ueta
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Tatiane L Fonseca
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Cecilia H A Gouveia
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Carmen L Lancellotti
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Brum
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Christoffolete
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Miriam O Ribeiro
- Presbyterian University Mackenzie - Biological ScienceCCBS, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Science Biomedical - Morpho-Functional SciencesAv. Prof. Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, SP 04310-000, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Developmental BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, BrazilSanta Casa - AFIP and PathologySchool of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BrazilFederal University of ABC - Human and Natural Sciences CenterRua Catequese, 242, Santo Andre, SP 09090-400, BrazilDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USACiências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - PPGDD - CCBS, Rua da Consolação, 930 prédio 16, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP 01302-907, Brazil
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43
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Martinez-Arguelles DB, Campioli E, Lienhart C, Fan J, Culty M, Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V. In utero exposure to the endocrine disruptor di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces long-term changes in gene expression in the adult male adrenal gland. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1667-78. [PMID: 24564399 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used to add flexibility to polyvinylchloride polymers and as a component of numerous consumer and medical products. DEHP and its metabolites have been detected in amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood, suggesting fetal exposure. In the present study, we used an in utero exposure model in which pregnant rat dams were exposed to 1- to 300-mg DEHP/kg·d from gestational day 14 until birth. We previously reported that this window of exposure to environmentally relevant doses of DEHP resulted in reduced levels of serum testosterone and aldosterone in adult male offspring and that the effects on aldosterone were sustained in elderly rats and resulted in decreased blood pressure. Here, we characterized the long-term effects of in utero DEHP exposure by performing global gene expression analysis of prepubertal (postnatal d 21) and adult (postnatal d 60) adrenal glands. We found that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and lipid metabolism pathways were affected by DEHP exposure. Expression of 2 other DEHP targets, hormone-sensitive lipase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1), correlated with reduced aldosterone levels and may account for the inhibitory effect of DEHP on adrenal steroid formation. The angiotensin II and potassium pathways were up-regulated in response to DEHP. In addition, the potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel Kcnn2 and 2-pore-domain potassium channel Knck5 were identified as DEHP targets. Based on this gene expression analysis, we measured fatty acid-binding protein 4 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in sera from control and DEHP-exposed rats and identified both proteins as putative serum biomarkers of in utero DEHP exposure. These results shed light on molecular targets that mediate DEHP long-term effects and, in doing so, provide means by which to assess past DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Martinez-Arguelles
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (M.C.); Departments of Medicine (D.B.M.-A., E.C., C.L., J.F., M.C., V.P.), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (D.B.M.-A., E.C., C.L., J.F., M.C., V.P.), and Biochemistry (V.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A4; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B.R.Z.), Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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44
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Santos GA, Moura RF, Vitorino DC, Roman EAFR, Torsoni AS, Velloso LA, Torsoni MA. Hypothalamic AMPK activation blocks lipopolysaccharide inhibition of glucose production in mice liver. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 381:88-96. [PMID: 23916575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxic hypoglycaemia has an important role in the survival rates of septic patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (hyp-AMPK) activity is sufficient to modulate glucose homeostasis. However, the role of hyp-AMPK in hypoglycaemia associated with endotoxemia is unknown. The aims of this study were to examine hyp-AMPK dephosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice and to determine whether pharmacological hyp-AMPK activation could reduce the effects of endotoxemia on blood glucose levels. LPS-treated mice showed reduced food intake, diminished basal glycemia, increased serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels and increased hypothalamic p-TAK and TLR4/MyD88 association. These effects were accompanied by hyp-AMPK/ACC dephosphorylation. LPS-treated mice also showed diminished liver expression of PEPCK/G6Pase, reduction in p-FOXO1, p-AMPK, p-STAT3 and p-JNK level and glucose production. Pharmacological hyp-AMPK activation blocked the effects of LPS on the hyp-AMPK phosphorylation, liver PEPCK expression and glucose production. Furthermore, the effects of LPS were TLR4-dependent because hyp-AMPK phosphorylation, liver PEPCK expression and fasting glycemia were not affected in TLR4-mutant mice. These results suggest that hyp-AMPK activity may be an important pharmacological target to control glucose homeostasis during endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Santos
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fang J, Sukumaran S, DuBois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Meta-modeling of methylprednisolone effects on glucose regulation in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81679. [PMID: 24312573 PMCID: PMC3847111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A retrospective meta-modeling analysis was performed to integrate previously reported data of glucocorticoid (GC) effects on glucose regulation following a single intramuscular dose (50 mg/kg), single intravenous doses (10, 50 mg/kg), and intravenous infusions (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg/h) of methylprednisolone (MPL) in normal and adrenalectomized (ADX) male Wistar rats. A mechanistic pharmacodynamic (PD) model was developed based on the receptor/gene/protein-mediated GC effects on glucose regulation. Three major target organs (liver, white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle) together with some selected intermediate controlling factors were designated as important regulators involved in the pathogenesis of GC-induced glucose dysregulation. Assessed were dynamic changes of food intake and systemic factors (plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA) and leptin) and tissue-specific biomarkers (cAMP, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA and enzyme activity, leptin mRNA, interleukin 6 receptor type 1 (IL6R1) mRNA and Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) mRNA) after acute and chronic dosing with MPL along with the GC receptor (GR) dynamics in each target organ. Upon binding to GR in liver, MPL dosing caused increased glucose production by stimulating hepatic cAMP and PEPCK activity. In adipose tissue, the rise in leptin mRNA and plasma leptin caused reduction of food intake, the exogenous source of glucose input. Down-regulation of IRS-1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle inhibited the stimulatory effect of insulin on glucose utilization further contributing to hyperglycemia. The nuclear drug-receptor complex served as the driving force for stimulation or inhibition of downstream target gene expression within different tissues. Incorporating information such as receptor dynamics, as well as the gene and protein induction, allowed us to describe the receptor-mediated effects of MPL on glucose regulation in each important tissue. This advanced mechanistic model provides unique insights into the contributions of major tissues and quantitative hypotheses for the multi-factor control of a complex metabolic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Siddharth Sukumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Debra C. DuBois
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard R. Almon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - William J. Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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Park EY, Lee CH, Lee EK, Kim JH, Cova A, Lee SK, Cho SC, Kwak CS, Song KY, Park SC, Jun HS, Kim KT. HNF4α contributes to glucose formation in aged rat hepatocytes. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1518-25. [PMID: 24177414 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging-dependent physiological conditions are attributed to parenchymal structural changes to cellular functions in aged organisms. Compared to the young animals, the primary hepatocytes from old rats showed a higher glucose output and a higher expression of the key gluconeogenesis-regulating enzyme, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). The primary hepatocytes from old rats showed a higher glucose output and a higher expression of the key gluconeogenesis-regulating enzyme, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), compared with those from the young animals. The in situ hybridization study showed increased PEPCK mRNA expression in the aged liver tissues. The livers from old rats showed loosened hexagonal hepatic lobular structures, increased collagen accumulation, and high expression of the hypoxia marker hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). Hypoxia increased the PEPCK mRNA and protein expression levels in accordance with the HIF1α expression. PEPCK promoter luciferase reporter assay showed that hypoxia increased PEPCK through transcriptional activation. Furthermore, the hepatocyte nuclear factor α (HNF4α) protein, but not the HNF4α mRNA level, increased in parallel with the PEPCK mRNA expression under hypoxic conditions. Glucose production increased under hypoxic conditions, but this increment diminished by HNF4α siRNA in young hepatocytes. Moreover, increased glucose production from old rat hepatocytes was reversed by the down-regulation of HNF4α through a specific siRNA. This study suggests that the mild hypoxic conditions in response to aging-dependent hepatic structural changes may contribute to the induction of the gluconeogenic enzyme PEPCK through HNF4α protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 406-840, South Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
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Abstract
Mice deficient for general control nondepressible-2 (Gcn2) either globally or specifically in the liver display reduced capacity to maintain glucose homeostasis during fasting, suggesting the hypothesis that GCN2 may regulate gluconeogenesis (GNG), which normally plays a key role maintaining peripheral glucose homeostasis. Gcn2-deficient mice exhibit normal insulin sensitivity and plasma insulin but show reduced GNG when administered pyruvate, a gluconeogenic substrate. The basal expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a rate-limiting enzyme in GNG, is abnormally elevated in Gcn2 knockout (KO) mice in the fed state but fails to be further induced during fasting. The level of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, including malate and oxaloacetate, and the NADH-to-NAD(+) ratio are perturbed in the liver of Gcn2 KO mice either in the fed or fasted state, which may directly impinge upon GNG. Additionally, the expression of the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) in the liver fails to be induced in Gcn2 KO mice after 24 h fasting, and the liver-specific Cebpβ KO mice show reduced fasting GNG similar to that seen in Gcn2-deficient mice. Our study demonstrates that GCN2 is important in maintaining GNG in the liver, which is likely to be mediated through regulation of C/EBPβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Department of Biology, Center for Cellular Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Vo TX, Revesz A, Sohi G, Ma N, Hardy DB. Maternal protein restriction leads to enhanced hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression in adult male rat offspring due to impaired expression of the liver X receptor. J Endocrinol 2013; 218:85-97. [PMID: 23633563 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrate that the link between impaired fetal development and glucose intolerance in later life is exacerbated by postnatal catch-up growth. Maternal protein restriction (MPR) during pregnancy and lactation in the rat has been previously demonstrated to lead to impaired glucose tolerance in adulthood, however the effects of protein restoration during weaning on glucose homeostasis are largely unknown. Recent in vitro studies have identified that the liver X receptor α (LXRα) maintains glucose homeostasis by inhibiting critical genes involved in gluconeogenesis including G6pase (G6pc), 11β-Hsd1 (Hsd11b1) and Pepck (Pck1). Therefore, we hypothesized that MPR with postnatal catch-up growth would impair LXRα in vivo, which in turn would lead to augmented gluconeogenic LXRα-target gene expression and glucose intolerance. To examine this hypothesis, pregnant Wistar rats were fed a control (20%) protein diet (C) or a low (8%) protein diet during pregnancy and switched to a control diet at birth (LP). At 4 months, the LP offspring had impaired glucose tolerance. In addition, LP offspring had decreased LXRα expression, while hepatic expression of 11β-HSD1 and G6Pase was significantly higher. This was concomitant with decreased binding of LXRα to the putative LXRE on 11β-Hsd1 and G6pase. Finally, we demonstrated that the acetylation of histone H3 (K9,14) surrounding the transcriptional start site of hepatic Lxrα (Nr1h3) was decreased in LP offspring, suggesting MPR-induced epigenetic silencing of the Lxrα promoter. In summary, our study demonstrates for the first time the important role of LXRα in mediating enhanced hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression and consequent glucose intolerance in adult MPR offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thin Xuan Vo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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Méndez-Lucas A, Duarte J, Sunny NE, Satapati S, He T, Fu X, Bermúdez J, Burgess SC, Perales JC. PEPCK-M expression in mouse liver potentiates, not replaces, PEPCK-C mediated gluconeogenesis. J Hepatol 2013; 59:105-13. [PMID: 23466304 PMCID: PMC3910155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic gluconeogenesis helps maintain systemic energy homeostasis by compensating for discontinuities in nutrient supply. Liver-specific deletion of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) abolishes gluconeogenesis from mitochondrial substrates, deregulates lipid metabolism and affects TCA cycle. While the mouse liver almost exclusively expresses PEPCK-C, humans equally present a mitochondrial isozyme (PEPCK-M). Despite clear relevance to human physiology, the role of PEPCK-M and its gluconeogenic potential remain unknown. Here, we test the significance of PEPCK-M in gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle function in liver-specific PEPCK-C knockout and WT mice. METHODS The effects of the overexpression of PEPCK-M were examined by a combination of tracer studies and molecular biology techniques. Partial PEPCK-C re-expression was used as a positive control. Metabolic fluxes were evaluated in isolated livers by NMR using (2)H and (13)C tracers. Gluconeogenic potential, together with metabolic profiling, was investigated in vivo and in primary hepatocytes. RESULTS PEPCK-M expression partially rescued defects in lipid metabolism, gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle function impaired by PEPCK-C deletion, while ∼10% re-expression of PEPCK-C normalized most parameters. When PEPCK-M was expressed in the presence of PEPCK-C, the mitochondrial isozyme amplified total gluconeogenic capacity, suggesting autonomous regulation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate fluxes by the individual isoforms. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that PEPCK-M has gluconeogenic potential per se, and cooperates with PEPCK-C to adjust gluconeogenic/TCA flux to changes in substrate or energy availability, hinting at a role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in the human liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Méndez-Lucas
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Duarte
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8568, USA
| | - Nishanth E. Sunny
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8568, USA
| | - Santhosh Satapati
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8568, USA
| | - TianTeng He
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8568, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8568, USA
| | - Jordi Bermúdez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shawn C. Burgess
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8568, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8568, USA
- Corresponding Authors. José C. Perales, Ph.D Associate Professor Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Biophysics, University of Barcelona Feixa Llarga, s/n 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain +34 934024295 +34 934024268 (fax) , Shawn C. Burgess, Ph.D Associate Professor Department of Pharmacology and The Advanced Imaging Research Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, Texas 75390-8568 +1 (214)645-2728 +1 (214)645-2744 (fax)
| | - Jose C. Perales
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding Authors. José C. Perales, Ph.D Associate Professor Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Biophysics, University of Barcelona Feixa Llarga, s/n 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain +34 934024295 +34 934024268 (fax) , Shawn C. Burgess, Ph.D Associate Professor Department of Pharmacology and The Advanced Imaging Research Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, Texas 75390-8568 +1 (214)645-2728 +1 (214)645-2744 (fax)
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Haney S, Zhao J, Tiwari S, Eng K, Guey LT, Tien E. RNAi screening in primary human hepatocytes of genes implicated in genome-wide association studies for roles in type 2 diabetes identifies roles for CAMK1D and CDKAL1, among others, in hepatic glucose regulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64946. [PMID: 23840313 PMCID: PMC3688709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have described a large number of new candidate genes that contribute to of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). In some cases, small clusters of genes are implicated, rather than a single gene, and in all cases, the genetic contribution is not defined through the effects on a specific organ, such as the pancreas or liver. There is a significant need to develop and use human cell-based models to examine the effects these genes may have on glucose regulation. We describe the development of a primary human hepatocyte model that adjusts glucose disposition according to hormonal signals. This model was used to determine whether candidate genes identified in GWA studies regulate hepatic glucose disposition through siRNAs corresponding to the list of identified genes. We find that several genes affect the storage of glucose as glycogen (glycolytic response) and/or affect the utilization of pyruvate, the critical step in gluconeogenesis. Of the genes that affect both of these processes, CAMK1D, TSPAN8 and KIF11 affect the localization of a mediator of both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis regulation, CRTC2, to the nucleus in response to glucagon. In addition, the gene CDKAL1 was observed to affect glycogen storage, and molecular experiments using mutant forms of CDK5, a putative target of CDKAL1, in HepG2 cells show that this is mediated by coordinate regulation of CDK5 and PKA on MEK, which ultimately regulates the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, a critical step in the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Haney
- Target Generation Unit, Pfizer Research Technology Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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