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Xu Z, Wang G, Zhu Y, Liu R, Song J, Ni Y, Sun H, Yang B, Hou M, Chen L, Ji M, Fu Z. PPAR-γ agonist ameliorates liver pathology accompanied by increasing regulatory B and T cells in high-fat-diet mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:581-590. [PMID: 28150448 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ plays critical roles in human metabolic disorders. However, the mechanism remains incompletely understood. Regulatory cells contribute to these metabolic improvements; therefore, whether PPAR-γ agonist regulates regulatory cells was investigated. METHODS C57BL/6J mice received a normal or high-fat diet (HFD) with or without pioglitazone treatment. Mice were sacrificed for detecting the metabolic parameters. Lymphocytes from spleen and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were collected and analyzed for ST2+ Tregs and Bregs by flow cytometry. IL-10 in the liver or VAT was detected by immunofluorescence and ELISA. Correlation analysis between IL-10 and liver weight or serum total cholesterol was made by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS Pioglitazone increased VAT weight but reduced serum total cholesterol, hepatic steatosis, and cholesterol crystallization formation. Pioglitazone treatment enhanced ST2+ Tregs and Bregs in the VAT and spleen of HFD-fed mice (all P < 0.05). Pioglitazone treatment increased IL-10 in the livers or VAT of HFD-fed mice (all P < 0.05). The expression of IL-10 in the liver was significantly negatively correlated with liver weight or serum total cholesterol in pioglitazone-treated HFD-fed mice (r2 = 0.74, P < 0.05; r2 = 0.58, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PPAR-γ signaling plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolic disorders through promoting regulatory cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Common Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiao Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Song
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yangyue Ni
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bingya Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zan Fu
- Department of Common Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Li R, Guo E, Yang J, Li A, Yang Y, Liu S, Liu A, Jiang X. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 attenuates hepatic steatosis by inducing autophagy in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:561-571. [PMID: 28145056 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1,25(OH)2 D3 has been reported to attenuate liver steatosis; however, its exact mechanism of action remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether 1,25(OH)2 D3 can attenuate hepatic steatosis by inducing autophagy. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were injected with 1,25(OH)2 D3 for 4 weeks. These mice were given 3-methyladenine (3-MA) to inhibit autophagy. HepG2 cells were preincubated with a free fatty acid (FFA) and then treated with 1,25(OH)2 D3 . Vitamin D receptor (VDR) shRNA and autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) siRNA were used for VDR knockdown or ATG16L1 silencing, respectively. RESULTS 1,25(OH)2 D3 diminished HFD-induced liver damage and steatosis, changes accompanied by autophagy and ATG16L1 expression upregulation. Inhibition of 1,25(OH)2 D3 -induced autophagy mediated by 3-MA blocked the protective effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 on hepatic steatosis. Additionally, 1,25(OH)2 D3 -induced autophagy appeared to play a role in anti-inflammation and lipid metabolism modulation in the liver. In HepG2 cells, 1,25(OH)2 D3 reduced lipid accumulation and increased autophagy and ATG16L1 expression; however, this effect was abrogated after VDR knockdown. The protective effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 -mediated autophagy against lipid accumulation were abolished by 3-MA. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated ATG16L1 knockdown prevented 1,25(OH)2 D3 -induced autophagy, resulting in increased fat accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that 1,25(OH)2 D3 may ameliorate hepatic steatosis by inducing autophagy by upregulating ATG16L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlong Li
- Graduate School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Enshuang Guo
- Graduate School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiankun Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anyi Li
- Animal Experimental Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenpei Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anding Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Graduate School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
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Seo M, Goo TW, Chung MY, Baek M, Hwang JS, Kim MA, Yun EY. Tenebrio molitor Larvae Inhibit Adipogenesis through AMPK and MAPKs Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030518. [PMID: 28264489 PMCID: PMC5372534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in insect-based bioactive products, the biological activities of these products are rarely studied adequately. Larvae of Tenebrio molitor, the yellow mealworm, have been eaten as a traditional food and provide many health benefits. Therefore, we hypothesized that T. molitor larvae might influence adipogenesis and obesity-related disorders. In the present study, we investigated the anti-adipogenic and antiobesity effects of T. molitor larvae in vitro and in vivo. The lipid accumulation and triglyceride content in mature adipocytes was reduced significantly (up to 90%) upon exposure to an ethanol extract of T. molitor larvae, without a reduction in cell viability. Exposure also resulted in key adipogenic and lipogenic transcription factors. Additionally, in adipogenic differentiation medium the extract induced phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Daily oral administration of T. molitor larvae powder to obese mice fed high-fat diet attenuated body weight gain. We also found that the powder efficiently reduced hepatic steatosis as well as aspartate and alanine transaminase enzyme levels in mice fed a high-fat diet. Our results suggest that T. molitor larvae extract has an antiobesity effect when administered as a food supplement and has potential as a therapeutic agent for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Tae-Won Goo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Korea.
| | - Mi Yeon Chung
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Minhee Baek
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Jae-Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Mi-Ae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Eun-Young Yun
- Graduate School of Integrated Bioindustry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
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Li JY, Cao HY, Sun L, Sun RF, Wu C, Bian YQ, Dong S, Liu P, Sun MY. Therapeutic mechanism of Yīn-Chén-Hāo decoction in hepatic diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1125-1138. [PMID: 28275293 PMCID: PMC5323438 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i7.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Yīn-Chén-Hāo decoction (YCHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula composed of capillaris (Artemisia capillaris), gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides), and rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) that is used for the treatment of damp-heat jaundice. In modern clinics, YCHD is mostly used for hepatic diseases. This review summarizes the biological activities of YCHD and its medical applications. The main active compounds of YCHD are chlorogenic acid, rhein, geniposide, emodin, and scoparone. The pharmacological actions of YCHD include inhibition of hepatic steatosis, apoptosis, necrosis, anti-inflammation, and immune regulation. YCHD could be developed as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hepatic diseases.
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Salomone F, Galvano F, Li Volti G. Molecular Bases Underlying the Hepatoprotective Effects of Coffee. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010085. [PMID: 28124992 PMCID: PMC5295129 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is the most consumed beverage worldwide. Epidemiological studies with prospective cohorts showed that coffee intake is associated with reduced cardiovascular and all-cause mortality independently of caffeine content. Cohort and case-control studies reported an inverse association between coffee consumption and the degree of liver fibrosis as well as the development of liver cancer. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of coffee have been recently confirmed by large meta-analyses. In the last two decades, various in vitro and in vivo studies evaluated the molecular determinants for the hepatoprotective effects of coffee. In the present article, we aimed to critically review experimental evidence regarding the active components and the molecular bases underlying the beneficial role of coffee against chronic liver diseases. Almost all studies highlighted the beneficial effects of this beverage against liver fibrosis with the most solid results indicating a pivot role for both caffeine and chlorogenic acids. In particular, in experimental models of fibrosis, caffeine was shown to inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation by blocking adenosine receptors, and emerging evidence indicated that caffeine may also favorably impact angiogenesis and hepatic hemodynamics. On the other side, chlorogenic acids, potent phenolic antioxidants, suppress liver fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis by reducing oxidative stress and counteract steatogenesis through the modulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis in the liver. Overall, these molecular insights may have translational significance and suggest that coffee components need clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Salomone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale di Acireale, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Haczeyni F, Poekes L, Wang H, Mridha AR, Barn V, Geoffrey Haigh W, Ioannou GN, Yeh MM, Leclercq IA, Teoh NC, Farrell GC. Obeticholic acid improves adipose morphometry and inflammation and reduces steatosis in dietary but not metabolic obesity in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:155-165. [PMID: 27804232 PMCID: PMC5849463 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the outcome of interactions between overnutrition, energy metabolism, and adipose function. Obeticholic acid (OCA) improves steatosis in patients but for unknown reasons does not resolve NASH pathology. This study therefore investigated OCA effects in Wt mice, which develop obesity with atherogenic dietary feeding, and appetite-dysregulated, Alms1 mutant foz/foz mice fed the same diet, which develop metabolic obesity and diabetes. METHODS OCA (1 mg/kg) was administered orally to female foz/foz mice and Wt littermates from weaning until 28 weeks. Adipose indices, glucose tolerance, and fatty liver pathology were studied. Experiments were repeated with OCA 10 mg/kg. RESULTS OCA reduced body weight and hepatic lipids and improved glucose disposal only in Wt mice. OCA limited Wt adipose expansion, altered morphometry in favor of small adipocytes, enhanced expression of genes indicating adipose browning, and reduced crown-like structure number in visceral adipose tissue. foz/foz mice showed more crown-like structures in all compartments; OCA failed to alter adipose morphometry, browning, inflammation, or improve NASH severity, even at 10 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS OCA improved adipose indices, glucose tolerance, and steatosis in a milder metabolic phenotype but failed to improve these factors in morbidly obese diabetic mice. These results help explain OCA's limited efficacy to reverse human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahrettin Haczeyni
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Laurence Poekes
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans Wang
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Auvro R Mridha
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Vanessa Barn
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - W Geoffrey Haigh
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - George N Ioannou
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew M Yeh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Narcissus C Teoh
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Geoffrey C Farrell
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at the Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Wang X, He H, Liang LB, Zhang M, Li SY, Li SQ, An ZM, Huang HJ. [The Preliminary Investigation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist on Liver Steatosis in Obese Mice]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2017; 48:28-32. [PMID: 28612554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, exenatide, on liver function and steatosis in obese mice. METHODS Male c57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were divided into high-fat-diet group (for obesity model construction) and chow diet group. 12 weeks later, mice of high-fat diet group were randomly divided into high-dose exenatide group [H group, intraperitoneal injection 0.02 μg/ (g·d) , high-fat-diet], low-dose exenatide group [L group, intraperitoneal injection 0.01 μg/ (g·d) , high-fat-diet], saline group (NS group, intraperitoneal injection of saline, high-fat-diet) , diet control group (D group, shifted to chow diet) and high-fat control group (M group, high-fat-diet) for 4-week treatments , respectively. The body mass and serum biochemical indicators of were detected. Liver tissues were stained with HE, and steatosis score was measured. RESULTS After 4-week treatments, H group showed more body mass loss than L group and D group ( P<0.05). The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level of NG group was higher than that of H, L, M, and NS groups ( P<0.05). Serum cholesterol and triglyceride declined to normal levels by diet intervention or drug treatment. High-dose exenatide treatment ran a risk of increasing serum uric acid level. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipase, and amylase had no significant differences between groups (P>0.05). Hepatic steatosis score was reduced by diet intervention or drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS High-dose exenatide treatment can effectively reduce body mass of obese mice, but it has little difference when compared with dietary intervention in improving blood fat and liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - He He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li-Bo Liang
- Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - She-Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Li
- Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhen-Mei An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Heng-Jian Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Чопей ІВ, Івачевська ВВ, Чубірко КІ, Гряділь ТІ, Гечко ММ. [Pathogenetic substantiation of complex treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and steatosis in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes]. Wiad Lek 2017; 70:169-173. [PMID: 28511152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thesis is devoted to the optimization of complex treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and steatosis in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes by acting on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as providing hepatoprotection. AIM Optimization of diagnostics and treatment in patients treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and steatosis in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Examination and treatment of 117 patients with NAFLD and pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes was performed. RESULTS It has been proved that the use of a therapeutic scheme that includes a balanced diet, taking into account the daily requirement in proteins, fats and carbohydrates, daily 30-minute walks at a brisk pace, rosuvastatin 10 mg/d, omega-3 PUFA 1000 mg/d and ursodeoxycholic acid 10 mg/kg/d in patients with NAFLD and pre-diabetes facilitates regression of signs of steatosis. In patients with NAFLD and type 2 diabetes the above mentioned therapeutic scheme including sitagliptin 100 mg/d promotes regression of steatohepatitis in steatosis. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver steatosis in patients with pre-diabetes has been studied. It has been proved that patients with NAFLD and pre-diabetes belong to the group with high cardiovascular risk. The features of metabolic disorders in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes were researched. Differentiated treatment schemes of nonalcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes have been approved for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Іван В Чопей
- ДВНЗ ≪УЖГОРОДСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ≫, ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ ТА ДОУНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ, КАФЕДРА ТЕРАПІЇ ТА СІМЕЙНОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ, УЖГОРОД, УКРАЇНА, е-mail.:
| | - Віталіна В Івачевська
- ДВНЗ ≪УЖГОРОДСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ≫, ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ ТА ДОУНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ, КАФЕДРА ТЕРАПІЇ ТА СІМЕЙНОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ, УЖГОРОД, УКРАЇНА
| | - Ксенія І Чубірко
- ДВНЗ ≪УЖГОРОДСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ≫, ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ ТА ДОУНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ, КАФЕДРА ТЕРАПІЇ ТА СІМЕЙНОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ, УЖГОРОД, УКРАЇНА
| | - Тарас І Гряділь
- ДВНЗ ≪УЖГОРОДСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ≫, ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ ТА ДОУНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ, КАФЕДРА ТЕРАПІЇ ТА СІМЕЙНОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ, УЖГОРОД, УКРАЇНА
| | - Михайло М Гечко
- ДВНЗ ≪УЖГОРОДСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ≫, ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ ТА ДОУНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ, КАФЕДРА ТЕРАПІЇ ТА СІМЕЙНОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ, УЖГОРОД, УКРАЇНА
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Chang YY, Su HM, Chen SH, Hsieh WT, Chyuan JH, Chao PM. Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Bitter Melon Seed Oil-Corrected Lipid Disorders and Conversion of α-Eleostearic Acid into Rumenic Acid in C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8120805. [PMID: 27973445 PMCID: PMC5188460 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that bitter melon seed oil (BMSO) was an effective anti-steatosis and antiobesity agent. Since the major fatty acid α-eleostearic acid (α-ESA) in BMSO is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activator, the objective was to investigate the role of PPARα in BMSO-modulated lipid disorders and α-ESA metabolism. C57BL/6J wild (WD) and PPARα knockout (KO) mice were fed a high-fat diet containing BMSO (15% soybean oil + 15% BMSO, HB) or not (30% soybean oil, HS) for 5 weeks. The HB diet significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride concentrations and increased acyl-CoA oxidase activity in WD, but not in KO mice. However, regardless of genotype, body fat percentage was lowered along with upregulated protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and tyrosine hydroxylase, as well as signaling pathway of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase in the white adipose tissue of HB-treated groups compared to HS cohorts. In WD-HB and KO-HB groups, white adipose tissue had autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and browning characteristics. Without PPARα, in vivo reduction of α-ESA into rumenic acid was slightly but significantly lowered, along with remarkable reduction of hepatic retinol saturase (RetSat) expression. We concluded that BMSO-mediated anti-steatosis depended on PPARα, whereas the anti-adiposity effect was PPARα-independent. In addition, PPARα-dependent enzymes may participate in α-ESA conversion, but only have a minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yuan Chang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Min Su
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Szu-Han Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Ho Chyuan
- Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Hualien 973, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Min Chao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Maithilikarpagaselvi N, Sridhar MG, Swaminathan RP, Sripradha R, Badhe B. Curcumin inhibits hyperlipidemia and hepatic fat accumulation in high-fructose-fed male Wistar rats. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:2857-2863. [PMID: 27241764 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1187179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Curcumin, an active principal of Curcuma longa Linn. (Zingiberaceae), has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of curcumin on hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in high-fructose-fed Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups with 10 rats in each. Two groups were fed with standard rodent diet and the other two with 60% high-fructose diet for 10 weeks. Curcumin (200 mg/kg body weight) was administered along with the diets simultaneously to each of the aforementioned diet groups. After 10 weeks of experiment, blood samples were collected from tail vein. Liver, adipose and epididymal tissues were collected after sacrifice of the animals and stored for further analyses. RESULTS Administration of curcumin reduced body weight (280.6 ± 7.4 g), liver weight (2.5 ± 0.2 g/100 g BW), adipose weight (1.4 ± 0.3 g/100 g BW), plasma levels of TAG (86.1 ± 13.5 mg/dL), VLDL-C (17.2 ± 2.7 mg/dL), lipid ratios and increased HDL-C (28.4 ± 4.5 mg/dL) in fructose-fed rats. Curcumin supplementation significantly lowered TAG content and decreased the protein expression of LXR-α (43%) and SREBP1c (59%) in the liver. Furthermore, curcumin suppressed the expression of lipogenic enzymes, ACLY (95%), ACC (50%) and FAS (77%) in rats fed with high-fructose diet. No significant change was found in the expression of PPAR-α. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Curcumin prevented the high-fructose induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magadi Gopalakrishna Sridhar
- a Department of Biochemistry , Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research , Pondicherry , India
| | | | - Ramalingam Sripradha
- a Department of Biochemistry , Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research , Pondicherry , India
| | - Bhawana Badhe
- c Department of Pathology , Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research , Pondicherry , India
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211
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Guo Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhu T. Silymarin improved diet-induced liver damage and insulin resistance by decreasing inflammation in mice. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:2995-3000. [PMID: 27387273 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1199042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Silymarin is the main flavonoid extracted from milk thistle, which has been used to treat liver diseases. OBJECTIVE The in vivo effect of silymarin on HFD-induced insulin resistance and fatty liver in mice was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and insulin resistance and treated with 30, 60 mg/kg silymarin for 18 days. Food intake, body weight and the content/histology of epididymal fat and liver tissue were examined; the content of lipids, AST, ALT and inflammatory cytokines in serum were estimated. RESULTS Administration of silymarin caused bodyweight loss in diet induced obesity (DIO) mice (HFD group: 47.7 g, 60 mg/kg group: 43.0 g) while the food intake remain unchanged. Silymarin (60 mg/kg) significantly reduced the epididymal fat mass (from 1.75 g to 1.12 g). Elevated plasma lipids (TC 6.1 mM, TG 1.3 mM, LDL 1.2 mM) in DIO mice were all suppressed by silymarin (TC 4.5 mM, TG 0.89 mM, LDL 0.9 mM), as well as insulin (5.1 ng/ml in HFD group to 2.0 ng/ml (60 mg/kg silymarin). Examination of cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in each group proved that silymarin treatment significantly decreased inflammation in DIO mice. Finally, silymarin effectively protected liver from HFD-induced injury as evidenced by decreasing histological damage and reducing ALT and AST levels, as follows: ALT; 47.4 U/L in HFD group to 28.4 U/L (60 mg/kg silymarin); AST; 150.1 U/L in HFD group to 88.1 U/L (60 mg/kg silymarin) in serum. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results suggested that silymarin-induced alleviation of inflammatory response could be a mechanism responsible for its benefits against liver damage and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- a Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , PR China
- b Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force Medical College , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Suli Wang
- b Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force Medical College , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- b Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force Medical College , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Tiehong Zhu
- a Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , PR China
- b Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force Medical College , Tianjin , PR China
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212
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Kim DH, Lee B, Kim MJ, Park MH, An HJ, Lee EK, Chung KW, Park JW, Yu BP, Choi JS, Chung HY. Molecular Mechanism of Betaine on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism: Inhibition of Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) Binding to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ). J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:6819-6825. [PMID: 27546313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Betaine is a major water-soluble component of Lycium chinensis. Although there are reports about the protective effects of betaine on hepatic steatosis, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used db/db mice and HepG2 cells to examine the mechanism underlying betaine-mediated protection against hepatic steatosis. Here, we showed increased hepatic lipid accumulation in db/db mice, which is associated with increased activation of lipogenic transcription factors including forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), whereas betaine administration by oral gavage reversed these characteristics. We investigated whether betaine ameliorates hepatic steatosis by inhibiting FoxO1/PPARγ signaling in HepG2 cells. Although adenovirus-mediated FoxO1 overexpression notably increased mRNA expression levels of PPARγ and its target genes including FAS and ACC, betaine treatment reversed them. Furthermore, betaine inhibited FoxO1 binding to the PPARγ promoter and PPARγ transcriptional activity in HepG2 cells, which was previously shown to induce hepatic steatosis. We concluded that betaine ameliorates hepatic steatosis, at least in part, by inhibiting the FoxO1 binding to PPARγ and their downstream lipogenic signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jo Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hi Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin An
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - June Whoun Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University , Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Bolze F, Bast A, Mocek S, Morath V, Yuan D, Rink N, Schlapschy M, Zimmermann A, Heikenwalder M, Skerra A, Klingenspor M. Treatment of diet-induced lipodystrophic C57BL/6J mice with long-acting PASylated leptin normalises insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis by promoting lipid utilisation. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2005-12. [PMID: 27272237 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recombinant leptin offers a viable treatment for lipodystrophy (LD) syndromes. However, due to its short plasma half-life, leptin replacement therapy requires at least daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injections. Here, we optimised this treatment strategy in LD mice by using a novel leptin version with extended plasma half-life using PASylation technology. METHODS A long-acting leptin version was prepared by genetic fusion with a 600 residue polypeptide made of Pro, Ala and Ser (PASylation), which enlarges the hydrodynamic volume and, thus, retards renal filtration, allowing less frequent injection. LD was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding a diet supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Chronic and acute effects of leptin treatment were assessed by evaluating plasma insulin levels, insulin tolerance, histological liver sections, energy expenditure, energy intake and body composition. RESULTS In a cohort of female mice, 4 nmol PAS-leptin (applied via four s.c. injections every 3 days) successfully alleviated the CLA-induced LD phenotype, which was characterised by hyperinsulinaemia, insulin intolerance and hepatosteatosis. The same injection regimen had no measurable effect when unmodified recombinant leptin was administered at an equivalent dose. In a cohort of LD males, a single s.c. injection of PAS-leptin did not affect energy expenditure but inhibited food intake and promoted a shift in fuel selection towards preferential fat oxidation, which mechanistically substantiates the metabolic improvements. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The excellent pharmacological properties render PASylated leptin an agent of choice for refining both animal studies and therapeutic strategies in the context of LD syndromes and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bolze
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Ernährungsmedizin and Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Science (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
| | - Andrea Bast
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Ernährungsmedizin and Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Science (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
| | - Sabine Mocek
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Ernährungsmedizin and Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Science (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
| | - Volker Morath
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
| | - Detian Yuan
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Rink
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Ernährungsmedizin and Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Science (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
| | - Martin Schlapschy
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
| | - Anika Zimmermann
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Ernährungsmedizin and Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Science (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Skerra
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany.
- XL-protein GmbH, Freising, Germany.
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Ernährungsmedizin and Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany.
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Science (ZIEL), Technische Universität München, Freising (Weihenstephan), Germany.
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Wu BN, Kuo KK, Chen YH, Chang CT, Huang HT, Chai CY, Dai ZK, Chen IJ. Theophylline-Based KMUP-1 Improves Steatohepatitis via MMP-9/IL-10 and Lipolysis via HSL/p-HSL in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081345. [PMID: 27548140 PMCID: PMC5000741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
KMUP-1 (7-[2-[4-(2-chlorobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylxanthine) has been reported to cause hepatic fat loss. However, the action mechanisms of KMUP-1 in obesity-induced steatohepatitis remains unclear. This study elucidated the steatohepatitis via matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and related lipolysis via hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) by KMUP-1. KMUP-1 on steatohepatitis-associated HSL/p-HSL/ATGL/MMP-9/TNFα/interleukin-10 (IL-10) and infiltration of M1/M2 macrophages in obese mice were examined. KMUP-1 was administered by oral gavage from weeks 1–14 in high-fat diet (HFD)-supplemented C57BL/6J male mice (protection group) and from weeks 8–14, for 6 weeks, in HFD-induced obese mice (treatment group). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of tissues, oil globules number and size, infiltration and switching of M1/M2 macrophages were measured to determine the effects on livers. IL-10 and MMP-9 proteins were explored to determine the effects of KMUP-1 on M1/M2 macrophage polarization in HFD-induced steatohepatitis. Long-term administration of KMUP-1 reversed HFD-fed mice increased in body weight, sGOT/sGPT, triglyceride (TG) and glucose. Additionally, KMUP-1 decreased MMP-9 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased HSL/p-HSL and IL-10 in HFD mice livers. In conclusion, KMUP-1, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDEI), was shown to reduce lipid accumulation in liver tissues, suggesting that it could be able to prevent or treat steatohepatitis induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Kung-Kai Kuo
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chain-Ting Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Tu Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 900, Taiwan.
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Zhou L, Zheng Y, Li Z, Bao L, Dou Y, Tang Y, Zhang J, Zhou J, Liu Y, Jia Y, Li X. Compound K Attenuates the Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) Mice via LXRα Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071054. [PMID: 27399689 PMCID: PMC4964430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is a fundamental pathological process responded to some serious cardiovascular events. Although the cholesterol-lowering drugs are widely prescribed for atherosclerosis therapy, it is still the leading cause of death in the developed world. Here we measured the effects of compound K in atherosclerosis formation and investigated the probably mechanisms of the anti-antherosclerosis roles of compound K. Methods: We treated the atherosclerotic model animals (apoE−/− mice on western diet) with compound K and measured the size of atherosclerotic lesions, inflammatory cytokine levels and serum lipid profile. Peritoneal macrophages were collected in vitro for the foam cell and inflammasome experiments. Results: Our results show that treatment with compound K dose-dependently attenuates the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by 55% through activation of reverse cholesterol transport pathway, reduction of systemic inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of local inflammasome activity. Compound K increases the cholesterol efflux of macrophage-derived foam cells, and reduces the inflammasome activity in cholesterol crystal stimulated macrophages. The activation of LXRα may contribute to the athero-protective effects of compound K. Conclusion: These observations provide evidence for an athero-protective effect of compound K via LXRα activation, and support its further evaluation as a potential effective modulator for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Department of pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Zhuoying Li
- Department of Outpatient, Logistical Engineering University of PLA, Shapingba, Chongqing 401311, China.
| | - Lingxia Bao
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yin Dou
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yuan Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jianzhi Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Ya Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yi Jia
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Yan J, Yue Q, Jia Z, Chen J, Zhang L. [Effects of bamboo charcoal powder on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidaemic rats fed high fat diet]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2016; 45:631-636. [PMID: 29903335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate of bamboo charcoal powder( BCP) on the lipid profile and mechanism in hyperlipidaemia model rats. METHODS 40 male Sprague-Dawley( SD) animals of 4 weeks old were randomly assigned into five groups: the control group fed with low-fat diet; the model control group and the test group( 2. 81, 5. 62, 11. 24 g /kg). Each group gived BCP or distilled water correspondingly, the total administration duration was 90 consecutive days. After the blood samples were collected, liver, kidneys, and white adipose around bilateral epididymis and kidneys were excised and weighed. Serum biomarkers of liver and kidney function were detected. The activities of TC, TGand MDA, T-AOC, CAT, SOD of liver were determined by corresponding test kits according to the manufacturer's protocols. Livers were also further detected by macroscopic and microscopic examinations. RESULTS After 90 days of treatment, the weight of rats more than 4 weeks, liver weight and percentage of body fat, serum AST, TG and VLDL, hepatic MDA, TG, TC and liver steatosis in the model control group was all increased compared with the negative control group, indicating that the model has been successfully built. It showed that the weight of rats, liver weight and white adipose weight, serum AST, TG and VLDL, hepatic MDA, TC and liver steatosis in the three dose group was all decreased. The hepatic SOD, CAT, T-AOC in the three dose groups were all increased. CONCLUSION The BCP could reduce the accumulation of body fat, inmprove blood lipid and hepatic steatosis in hyperlipidemia model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuming Yan
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianlan Yue
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhenchao Jia
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wang YP, Wat E, Koon CM, Wong CW, Cheung DWS, Leung PC, Zhao QS, Fung KP, Lau CBS. The beneficial potential of polyphenol-enriched fraction from Erigerontis Herba on metabolic syndrome. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 187:94-103. [PMID: 27125589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Erigerontis Herba is a Chinese herb that is traditionally used to treat cardiovascular disease. Recent literatures suggested that it could exert beneficial effects on various cardiovascular metabolic risk factors including hypertension and hyperlipidemia in order to exert its cardio-protective effects. AIM Erigerontis Herba contains a variety of flavonoids and polyphenols that are bioactive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardio-protective effects of the total polyphenols of Erigerontis Herba (EHP), particularly on the metabolic parameters which could contribute to metabolic syndrome including obesity, hepatic steatosis, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57Bl/6 metabolic syndrome mice model was used to determine the effects of EHP on metabolic syndrome. High-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in C57Bl/6 mice is an animal model which mimics human metabolic syndrome. The model is achieved by high-fat diet feeding to C57Bl/6 mice for 8 weeks. In our study, the mice were divided into 3 groups and fed for 8 weeks with: 1) normal chow (N); 2) high-fat diet (HF); or 3) high-fat diet supplemented with 2% EHP (HF+EHP). Various parameters such as body weight, adipose tissue weight and liver weight were measured. Liver and plasma lipid levels were also determined. In addition, the effect of EHP on vasodilation in Sprague Dawley rats was also determined using ex vivo aortic ring model. RESULTS Various types of adipose tissues weights were significantly lowered in HF+EHP vs HF mice. Hepatic lipid levels were also significantly decreased by EHP vs HF. For plasma lipid (including TC and TG), EHP exerted no significant effects on plasma lipid levels. To understand the mechanisms as to how EHP regulated lipid metabolism via liver, various hepatic gene expressions were also measured using real-time PCR. The results showed that EHP regulated the expressions of Cyp7α1, CD36 and PPAR-γ. EHP showed significant vasodilative effects in both intact aortas and endothelium-removed aortas. Further mechanistic studies indicated that EHP dilated aorta endothelium-dependently through nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway, and endothelium-independently through BKca, Kv and Kir channels. In addition to the vasodilative effects, EHP could also inhibit aorta contraction through Ca(2+) channel. CONCLUSIONS EHP exerted promising effects on diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in C57Bl/6 mice model. It also exerted significant vasodilative effect ex vivo, suggesting the potential of EHP to be developed as a dietary supplement for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Elaine Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Chi Man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Chun Wai Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - David Wing Shing Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Qin Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Kwok Pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Ejaz A, Martinez-Guino L, Goldfine AB, Ribas-Aulinas F, De Nigris V, Ribó S, Gonzalez-Franquesa A, Garcia-Roves PM, Li E, Dreyfuss JM, Gall W, Kim JK, Bottiglieri T, Villarroya F, Gerszten RE, Patti ME, Lerin C. Dietary Betaine Supplementation Increases Fgf21 Levels to Improve Glucose Homeostasis and Reduce Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:902-12. [PMID: 26858359 PMCID: PMC4806659 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Identifying markers of human insulin resistance may permit development of new approaches for treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes. To this end, we analyzed the fasting plasma metabolome in metabolically characterized human volunteers across a spectrum of insulin resistance. We demonstrate that plasma betaine levels are reduced in insulin-resistant humans and correlate closely with insulin sensitivity. Moreover, betaine administration to mice with diet-induced obesity prevents the development of impaired glucose homeostasis, reduces hepatic lipid accumulation, increases white adipose oxidative capacity, and enhances whole-body energy expenditure. In parallel with these beneficial metabolic effects, betaine supplementation robustly increased hepatic and circulating fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)21 levels. Betaine administration failed to improve glucose homeostasis and liver fat content in Fgf21(-/-) mice, demonstrating that Fgf21 is necessary for betaine's beneficial effects. Together, these data indicate that dietary betaine increases Fgf21 levels to improve metabolic health in mice and suggest that betaine supplementation merits further investigation as a supplement for treatment or prevention of type 2 diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ejaz
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Allison B Goldfine
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Francesc Ribas-Aulinas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria De Nigris
- Diabetes and Obesity Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Ribó
- Endocrinology Section, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Franquesa
- Diabetes and Obesity Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo M Garcia-Roves
- Diabetes and Obesity Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain Department of Physiological Sciences II, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Li
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | | | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mary-Elizabeth Patti
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carles Lerin
- Endocrinology Section, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
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Garcés-Rimón M, González C, Uranga JA, López-Miranda V, López-Fandiño R, Miguel M. Pepsin Egg White Hydrolysate Ameliorates Obesity-Related Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Steatosis in Zucker Fatty Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151193. [PMID: 26985993 PMCID: PMC4795625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the administration of egg white hydrolysates on obesity-related disorders, with a focus on lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress, in Zucker fatty rats. Obese Zucker rats received water, pepsin egg white hydrolysate (750 mg/kg/day) or Rhizopus aminopeptidase egg white hydrolysate (750 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Lean Zucker rats received water. Body weight, solid and liquid intakes were weekly measured. At the end of the study, urine, faeces, different organs and blood samples were collected. The consumption of egg white hydrolysed with pepsin significantly decreased the epididymal adipose tissue, improved hepatic steatosis, and lowered plasmatic concentration of free fatty acids in the obese animals. It also decreased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and reduced oxidative stress. Pepsin egg white hydrolysate could be used as a tool to improve obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Garcés-Rimón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - C. González
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. A. Uranga
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - V. López-Miranda
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Liu Q, Li X, Li C, Zheng Y, Wang F, Li H, Peng G. 1-Deoxynojirimycin Alleviates Liver Injury and Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism in db/db Mice. Molecules 2016; 21:279. [PMID: 26927057 PMCID: PMC6274115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) on liver injury and hepatic glucose metabolism in db/db mice. Mice were divided into five groups: normal control, db/db control, DNJ-20 (DNJ 20 mg·kg−1·day−1), DNJ-40 (DNJ 40 mg·kg−1·day−1) and DNJ-80 (DNJ 80 mg·kg−1·day−1). All doses were treated intravenously by tail vein for four weeks. DNJ was observed to significantly reduce the levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and liver TG, as well as activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST); DNJ also alleviated macrovesicular steatosis and decreased tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in liver tissue. Furthermore, DNJ treatment significantly increased hepatic glycogen content, the activities of hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK) in liver tissue, and decreased the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), glycogen phosphorylase (GP), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Moreover, DNJ increased the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) on p85, protein kinase B (PKB) on Ser473, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) on Ser9, and inhibited phosphorylation of glycogen synthase (GS) on Ser645 in liver tissue of db/db mice. These results demonstrate that DNJ can increase hepatic insulin sensitivity via strengthening of the insulin-stimulated PKB/GSK-3β signal pathway and by modulating glucose metabolic enzymes in db/db mice. Moreover, DNJ also can improve lipid homeostasis and attenuate hepatic steatosis in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cunyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hongyang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Guoping Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Wat E, Ng CF, Wong ECW, Koon CM, Lau CP, Cheung DWS, Fung KP, Lau CBS, Leung PC. The hepatoprotective effect of the combination use of Fructus Schisandrae with statin--A preclinical evaluation. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 178:104-114. [PMID: 26666731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Schisandrae is traditionally used as a liver-toning Chinese herb. Recent studies suggested Fructus Schisandrae could prevent high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis as well as improving anti-oxidative status within the liver, which is a proposed mechanism against statin-induced liver toxicity. AIM The aim of the present study was to determine if the combination use of Atorvastatin (AS) and Fructus Schisandrae aqueous extract (FSE) could (a) exert potent therapeutic effects not only on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia, but also on hepatomegaly (enlarge of liver size) and hepatic steatosis (fatty liver); and (b) reduce side effects caused by intake of statin alone including increased incidence of elevated liver enzymes and liver toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 5 groups of Sprague Dawley rats that were given the following treatment for 8 weeks: (i) Normal-chow diet; (ii) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% cholesterol); (iii) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% cholesterol)+0.3% Atorvastatin; (iv) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% cholesterol)+0.45% FSE; (v) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% cholesterol)+0.3% Atorvastatin+0.45% FSE. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight, adipose tissue and liver mass were measured, and liver and plasma lipid levels were determined to evaluate to effect of FSE with or without AS treatment on diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Liver enzyme activities, anti-oxidative status and membrane permeability transition were also assessed to determine if FSE could reduce the side effects induced by AS. RESULTS From the results, FSE treatment alone resulted in significant inhibitory effect on diet-induced increase in: (a) body weight; (b) fat pad mass (epididymal, perirenal and inguinal fat); (c) liver weight; (d) total liver lipid; (e) liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels; and (f) plasma lipid levels, suggesting FSE has a potential preventive beneficial effect on weight control and lipid metabolism in Sprague Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity. However, FSE supplementation exerted no further beneficial effect on diet-induced metabolic syndrome when it is combined with AS treatment, compared with rats given AS-treatment alone. At the dose of 0.45%, dietary FSE supplementation resulted in: (a) reduced liver enzymes (ALT and AST) levels; (b) reduced macrophage infiltration (CD68); (c) improved liver glutathione levels (anti-oxidative status); (d) reduced liver reactive oxidative species; (e) a trend to reduce calcium-induced membrane permeability transition within the liver. Most importantly, these improvements induced by FSE treatment were not only observed in the livers of rats given high-fat-diet, but also in high-fat-fed rats with atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggested FSE has a potential beneficial effect on weight control and lipid metabolism in Sprague Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity, and the combination use of FSE with AS could significantly prevent liver toxicity and anti-oxidative status induced by AS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chun Fai Ng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Eric Chun Wai Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chi Man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ching Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - David Wing Shing Cheung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kwok Pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Reso urces in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Zheng J, Peng C, Ai Y, Wang H, Xiao X, Li J. Docosahexaenoic Acid Ameliorates Fructose-Induced Hepatic Steatosis Involving ER Stress Response in Primary Mouse Hepatocytes. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010055. [PMID: 26805874 PMCID: PMC4728666 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in fructose consumption is considered to be a risk factor for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on hepatic lipid metabolism in fructose-treated primary mouse hepatocytes, and the changes of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways in response to DHA treatment. The hepatocytes were treated with fructose, DHA, fructose plus DHA, tunicamycin (TM) or fructose plus 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) for 24 h. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining. The mRNA expression levels and protein levels related to lipid metabolism and ER stress response were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. Fructose treatment led to obvious TG accumulation in primary hepatocytes through increasing expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), two key enzymes in hepatic de novo lipogenesis. DHA ameliorates fructose-induced TG accumulation by upregulating the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT-1α) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1). DHA treatment or pretreatment with the ER stress inhibitor PBA significantly decreased TG accumulation and reduced the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), total inositol-requiring kinase 1 (IRE1α) and p-IRE1α. The present results suggest that DHA protects against high fructose-induced hepatocellular lipid accumulation. The current findings also suggest that alleviating the ER stress response seems to play a role in the prevention of fructose-induced hepatic steatosis by DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zheng
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Chuan Peng
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yanbiao Ai
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jibin Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Varatharajalu R, Garige M, Leckey LC, Reyes-Gordillo K, Shah R, Lakshman MR. Protective Role of Dietary Curcumin in the Prevention of the Oxidative Stress Induced by Chronic Alcohol with respect to Hepatic Injury and Antiatherogenic Markers. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016; 2016:5017460. [PMID: 26881029 PMCID: PMC4736425 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5017460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, an antioxidant compound found in Asian spices, was evaluated for its protective effects against ethanol-induced hepatosteatosis, liver injury, antiatherogenic markers, and antioxidant status in rats fed with Lieber-deCarli low menhaden (2.7% of total calories from ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)) and Lieber-deCarli high menhaden (13.8% of total calories from ω-3 PUFA) alcohol-liquid (5%) diets supplemented with or without curcumin (150 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Treatment with curcumin protected against high ω-3 PUFA and ethanol-induced hepatosteatosis and increase in liver injury markers, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Curcumin upregulated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) mRNA and caused significant increase in serum PON1 and homocysteine thiolactonase activities as compared to high ω-3 PUFA and ethanol group. Moreover, treatment with curcumin protected against ethanol-induced oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant glutathione and decreasing the lipid peroxidation adduct 4-hydroxynonenal. These results strongly suggest that chronic ethanol in combination with high ω-3 PUFA exacerbated hepatosteatosis and liver injury and adversely decreases antiatherogenic markers due to increased oxidative stress and depletion of glutathione. Curcumin supplementation significantly prevented these deleterious actions of chronic ethanol and high ω-3 PUFA. Therefore, we conclude that curcumin may have therapeutic potential to protect against chronic alcohol-induced liver injury and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Varatharajalu
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Mamatha Garige
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Leslie C. Leckey
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Karina Reyes-Gordillo
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20422, USA
| | - M. Raj Lakshman
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20422, USA
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Maksimov VA, Buntin ES, Buntina BG, Mysenkova EE, Samartsev KN, Vostokovf GV, Burdenko NN. THE INFLUENCE OF PLACENTAL DRUG LAENNEC ON MOTOR FUNCTION OF THE BILIARY TRACT IN PATIENTS WITH FATTY DEGENERATION OF LIVER. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2016:100-103. [PMID: 29889453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine - is the subject of numerous studies, causing interest of different medical specialists This paper presents our own experience of supervision of patients with fatty degeneration of liver on the background of the application of human placenta extract - Laennec. We treated 11 patients with fatty degeneration of the liver and examined the motor-evacuation function of the hepa- tobiliary tract before and after treatment. The control group consisted of 50 healthy subject aged between 19 to 21 years. Laennec was administered intramuscularly to 2 ml a day, a course of 20 injections. Usage of placental drug Laennec has a stimulating influence on the processes of choleresis and bile secretion in patients with fatty degeneration of the liver, and normalizes the motility of the sphincter and contractility of the gall bladder.
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Mehtiyev SN, Mehtiyeva OA. [[New Paradigm Challenges of Steatosis Treatment in the Practice Therapist].]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2016:51-57. [PMID: 28614645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in polymorbid patients with fatty hepatosis in the practice of general practitioner. The medical tactics of treatment of polymorbidit patient with fatty liver, is considered in regards of the course of concomitant diseases, especially the cardiovascular system. Substantiates the necessity of determination of, in relation to the patient's prognosis, not only the degree of steatosis, but also the liver fibrosis stage changes, developing due to apoptosis of hepatocytes that leads to the progression of endothelial dysfunction A working version of the treatment of hepatic steatosis, designed to reduce progression of fatty degeneration, reducing the risk of steatohepatitis and fibrosis body changes is proposed in the paper. Ursodeoxycholic acid and glycyrrhizin are the most promising medication.
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Haga Y, Kanda T, Sasaki R, Nakamura M, Nakamoto S, Yokosuka O. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic cirrhosis: Comparison with viral hepatitis-associated steatosis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12989-12995. [PMID: 26675364 PMCID: PMC4674717 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i46.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is globally increasing and has become a world-wide health problem. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with hepatic steatosis. Viral hepatitis-associated hepatic steatosis is often caused by metabolic syndrome including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidemia. It has been reported that HCV genotype 3 exerts direct metabolic effects that lead to hepatic steatosis. In this review, the differences between NAFLD/NASH and viral hepatitis-associated steatosis are discussed.
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228
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Kikuchi M, Ushida Y, Shiozawa H, Umeda R, Tsuruya K, Aoki Y, Suganuma H, Nishizaki Y. Sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract improves hepatic abnormalities in male subjects. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12457-12467. [PMID: 26604653 PMCID: PMC4649129 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate effects of dietary supplementation of sulforaphane (SF)-rich broccoli sprout (BS) extract on hepatic abnormalities in Japanese male participants.
METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind trial, male participants with fatty liver received either BS capsules containing glucoraphanin [GR; a precursor of SF (n = 24)] or placebo (n = 28) for 2 mo. Liver function markers, serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT, respectively) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) and an oxidative stress marker, urinary levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), were measured and compared in participants before and after the trial period. In an animal model, chronic liver failure was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by successive intraperitoneal injection with N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) for 4 wk. Concomitantly, rats received AIN-76 diets supplemented with or without BS extract. Thereafter, rats were sacrificed, and their sera and livers were collected to measure serum liver function markers and hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, a prototypical phase 2 antioxidant enzyme.
RESULTS: Dietary supplementation with BS extract containing SF precursor GR for 2 mo significantly decreased serum levels of liver function markers, ALT [median (interquartile range), before: 54.0 (34.5-79.0) vs after supplementation: 48.5 (33.3-65.3) IU/L, P < 0.05] and γ-GTP [before: 51.5 (40.8-91.3) vs after: 50.0 (37.8-85.3) IU/L, P < 0.05], as well as the alkali phosphatase activity. Placebo showed no significant effects on the markers. The urinary level of 8-OHdG, an established oxidative stress marker, was significantly reduced in participants who had received BS capsules but not the placebo [before: 6.66 (5.51-9.03) vs after: 5.49 (4.89-6.66) ng/mg-creatinine, P < 0.05]. The reduction of urinary 8-OHdG was significantly correlated with decreased levels of both ALT and γ-GTP [∆8-OHdG and ∆ALT: Spearman r (r) 0.514 and P = 0.012, ∆8-OHdG and ∆γ-GTP: r = 0.496 and P = 0.016]. Intake of BS extract prevented NDMA-induced chronic liver failure in rats, which was attributable to the suppression of the increase in TBARS through induction of hepatic phase 2 antioxidant enzymes including hepatic GST (86.6 ± 95.2 vs 107.8 ± 7.7 IU/g, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Dietary supplementation with BS extract containing the SF precursor GR is likely to be highly effective in improving liver function through reduction of oxidative stress.
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Jang MK, Han YR, Nam JS, Han CW, Kim BJ, Jeong HS, Ha KT, Jung MH. Protective Effects of Alisma orientale Extract against Hepatic Steatosis via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26151-65. [PMID: 26540043 PMCID: PMC4661803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. Alisma orientale Juzepzuk is a traditional medicinal herb for diuretics, diabetes, hepatitis, and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of methanol extract of the tuber of Alisma orientale (MEAO) against ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis in vitro and in vivo. MEAO inhibited the tunicamycin-induced increase in luciferase activity of ER stress-reporter constructs containing ER stress response element and ATF6 response element. MEAO significantly inhibited tunicamycin-induced ER stress marker expression including GRP78, CHOP, and XBP-1 in tunicamycin-treated Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and the livers of tunicamycin-injected mice. It also inhibited tunicamycin-induced accumulation of cellular triglyceride. Similar observations were made under physiological ER stress conditions such as in palmitate (PA)-treated HepG2 cells and the livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. MEAO repressed hepatic lipogenic gene expression in PA-treated HepG2 cells and the livers of HFD obese mice. Furthermore, MEAO repressed very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) expression and improved ApoB secretion in the livers of tunicamycin-injected mice or HFD obese mice as well as in tunicamycin or PA-treated HepG2 cells. Alismol, a guaiane-type sesquiterpenes in Alisma orientale, inhibited GRP78 expression in tunicamycin-treated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, MEAO attenuates ER stress and prevents hepatic steatosis pathogenesis via inhibition of expression of the hepatic lipogenic genes and VLDLR, and enhancement of ApoB secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Jang
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Yu-Ran Han
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Jeong Soo Nam
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Chang Woo Han
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Han-Sol Jeong
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (M.-K.J.); (Y.-R.H.); (J.S.N.); (B.J.K.)
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 626-870, Korea; (C.W.H.); (H.-S.J.); (G.-T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8468; Fax: +82-51-510-8437
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Choi DG, Kim EK, Yang JW, Song JS, Kim YM. Nectandrin B, a lignan isolated from nutmeg, inhibits liver X receptor-α-induced hepatic lipogenesis through AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Pharmazie 2015; 70:733-739. [PMID: 26790190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is recognized as the most commonly occurring chronic liver disease. Liver X receptor α (LXRα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c play a central role in de novo fatty acid synthesis. This study investigated pharmacological effects of nectandrin B, a lignan isolated from nutmeg extract, on hepatic lipogenesis stimulated by LXRα-SREBP-1c-mediated pathway and the possible molecular basis. The reporter gene assay revealed that nectandrin B completely represses LXRα activity enhanced by a synthetic LXRα ligand (T0901317) in HepG2 cells. The inhibitory effect was further supported by the suppression of mRNA expression of LXRα target genes, SREBP-1c and LXRα itself. Nectandrin B also inhibited the increase in SREBP-1c expression promoted by insulin plus high glucose, major contributors to hepatic lipid accumulation. LXRα-SREBP-1c-mediated induction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and fatty acid synthase, major genes for de novo lipogenesis, was suppressed by nectandrin B. Moreover, Oil Red O staining showed that nectandrin B notably attenuates LXRα-induced lipid accumulation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits the activities of LXRα and SREBP-1c. Nectandrin B strongly activated AMPK signaling in HepG2 cells. Taken together, the suppressive effects of nectandrin B on lipogenic gene expression and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes may be due to its inhibitory effect on the LXRα-SREBP-1c pathway presumably via AMPK activation. These results suggest the potential of nectandrin B as a therapeutic candidate for fatty liver disease.
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Hoffmann A, Ebert T, Klöting N, Dokas J, Jeromin F, Jessnitzer B, Burkhardt R, Fasshauer M, Kralisch S. Leptin dose-dependently decreases atherosclerosis by attenuation of hypercholesterolemia and induction of adiponectin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:113-20. [PMID: 26521149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conflicting evidence concerning leptin in atherosclerosis has been published. Furthermore, dose-dependent effects of leptin on atherogenesis have not been studied. METHODS Leptin-deficient low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout (LDLR(-/-);ob/ob) mice were treated with saline, 0.1, 0.5, or 3.0mg/kg body weight (BW)/d recombinant leptin over 12weeks starting at 8weeks of age. Aortic root and brachiocephalic artery (BCA) atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed by oil red O staining. Furthermore, glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and liver function including tissue studies were assessed in all animals. RESULTS Leptin treatment dose-dependently decreased BW in LDLR(-/-);ob/ob mice as compared to saline. Mice in the 0.1 and 0.5mg/kgBW/d groups remained heavier (i.e. subphysiological leptin dose) and in the 3.0mg/kgBW/d group had similar weight (i.e. physiological leptin dose) as compared to non-leptin-deficient LDLR(-/-) animals. Recombinant leptin dose-dependently reduced plaque area in the aortic root and the BCA by 36% and 58%, respectively. Leptin-mediated reductions of plasma total and LDL-cholesterol (Chol) remained independent predictors for aortic root plaque area. Chol content in liver, as well as hepatic expression of key lipid and proinflammatory genes, were dose-dependently regulated by leptin. Furthermore, leptin treatment increased circulating levels and adipose tissue mRNA expression of the adipokine adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Leptin administration within the subphysiological to physiological range diminishes atherosclerotic lesions. Leptin appears to mediate its antiatherogenic effects indirectly through reduction of hypercholesterolemia and liver steatosis, as well as upregulation of insulin-sensitizing and atheroprotective adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Hoffmann
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janine Dokas
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Jeromin
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Jessnitzer
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susan Kralisch
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Qi ZG, Zhao X, Zhong W, Xie ML. Osthole improves glucose and lipid metabolism via modulation of PPARα/γ-mediated target gene expression in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in fatty liver rats. Pharm Biol 2015; 54:882-888. [PMID: 26455539 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1089295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Osthole may be a dual agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α/γ and ameliorate the insulin resistance (IR), but its mechanisms are not yet understood completely. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of osthole on PPARα/γ-mediated target genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in fatty liver and IR rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model was established by orally feeding high-fat and high-sucrose emulsion for 9 weeks. The experimental rats were treated with osthole 5-10 mg/kg by gavage after feeding the emulsion for 6 weeks, and were sacrificed 4 weeks after administration. RESULTS After treatment with osthole 5-10 mg/kg for 4 weeks, the lipid levels in serum and liver were decreased by 37.9-67.2% and 31.4-38.5% for triglyceride, 33.1-47.5% and 28.5-31.2% for free fatty acid, respectively, the fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of IR were also decreased by 17.2-22.7%, 25.9-26.7%, and 37.5-42.8%, respectively. Osthole treatment might simultaneously decrease the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and fatty acid synthase mRNA expressions in liver and adipose tissue, and increase the carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A mRNA expression in liver and glucose transporter-4 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle, especially in the osthole 10 mg/kg group (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Osthole can improve glucose and lipid metabolism in fatty liver and IR rats, and its mechanisms may be associated with synergic modulation of PPARα/γ-mediated target genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Qi
- a Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Jiangsu Province , China
- b Department of Pharmacy , Wuxi People's Hospital , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Xi Zhao
- a Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Jiangsu Province , China
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Laboratory , School of Pharmacy, Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu Province , China , and
| | - Wen Zhong
- a Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Jiangsu Province , China
- d Department of Pharmacy , the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Mei-Lin Xie
- a Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University , Jiangsu Province , China
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Wong WY, Ward LC, Fong CW, Yap WN, Brown L. Anti-inflammatory γ- and δ-tocotrienols improve cardiovascular, liver and metabolic function in diet-induced obese rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:133-150. [PMID: 26446095 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that γ- and δ-tocotrienols are more effective than α-tocotrienol and α-tocopherol in attenuating the signs of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. METHODS Five groups of rats were fed a corn starch-rich (C) diet containing 68 % carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other five groups were fed a diet (H) high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25 % fructose in drinking water, total 68 %) and fats (beef tallow, total 24 %) for 16 weeks. Separate groups from each diet were supplemented with either α-, γ-, δ-tocotrienol or α-tocopherol (85 mg/kg/day) for the final 8 of the 16 weeks. RESULTS H rats developed visceral obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling and fatty liver. α-Tocopherol, α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols reduced collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart. Only γ- and δ-tocotrienols improved cardiovascular function and normalised systolic blood pressure compared to H rats. Further, δ-tocotrienol improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and abdominal adiposity. In the liver, these interventions reduced lipid accumulation, inflammatory infiltrates and plasma liver enzyme activities. Tocotrienols were measured in heart, liver and adipose tissue showing that chronic oral dosage delivered tocotrienols to these organs despite low or no detection of tocotrienols in plasma. CONCLUSION In rats, δ-tocotrienol improved inflammation, heart structure and function, and liver structure and function, while γ-tocotrienol produced more modest improvements, with minimal changes with α-tocotrienol and α-tocopherol. The most important mechanism of action is likely to be reduction in organ inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng-Yew Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signalling, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Chee Wai Fong
- Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19 Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Wei Ney Yap
- Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19 Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
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Qamar A, Siddiqui A, Kumar H. Fresh garlic amelioration of high-fat-diet induced fatty liver in albino rats. J PAK MED ASSOC 2015; 65:1102-1107. [PMID: 26440842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of fresh garlic on high-fat-diet-induced fatty liver changes. METHODS The experimental study was conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from October to November 2008, and comprised adult albino rats weighing 200-240g each. The rats were divided into 5 groups according to dietary regimen for eight weeks each. Group A received control diet; Group B received high saturated fat diet; Group C received high unsaturated fat diet; Group D received high saturated fat diet with fresh garlic; and Group E received high unsaturated fat diet with garlic for 8 weeks. Liver tissue slides were stained with Oil red-O and haematoxylin and Periodic acid-Schiff-haematoxylin. RESULTS The 50 rats in the study were divided into five groups of 10(20%) each. There was marked deposition of fat in hepatocyte along with marked decrease in glycogen content in liver of rats in Groups B and C, with Group B showing more marked changes. The changes in fat and glycogen content were reversed and ameliorated close to Group A in rats belonging to Groups D and E. CONCLUSIONS Fresh garlic minimised the high-fat-diet-induced fatty liver changes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Qamar
- Department of Anatomy, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi
| | - Asma Siddiqui
- Department of Anatomy, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Hamdard University, Karachi
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Li XJ, Mu YM, Li TT, Yang YL, Zhang MT, Li YS, Zhang WK, Tang HB, Shang HC. Gynura procumbens Reverses Acute and Chronic Ethanol-Induced Liver Steatosis through MAPK/SREBP-1c-Dependent and -Independent Pathways. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:8460-8471. [PMID: 26345299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of action of Gynura procumbens on acute and chronic ethanol-induced liver injuries. Ethanol extract from G. procumbens stems (EEGS) attenuated acute ethanol-induced serum alanine aminotransferase levels and hepatic lipid accumulation. Therefore, EEGS was successively extracted by petroleum, ethyl acetate, and n-butyl alcohol. The results showed that the n-butyl alcohol extract was the active fraction of EEGS, and hence it was further fractionated on a polyamide glass column. The 60% ethanol-eluted fraction that contained 13.6% chlorogenic acid was the most active fraction, and its effect was further evaluated using a chronic model. Both the n-butyl alcohol extract and the 60% ethanol-eluted fraction inhibited chronic ethanol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating lipid metabolism-related regulators through MAPK/SREBP-1c-dependent and -independent signaling pathways and ameliorated liver steatosis. Our findings suggest that EEGS and one of its active ingredients, chlorogenic acid, may be developed as potential effective agents for ethanol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities , No. 182, Minyuan Road, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Mei Mu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities , No. 182, Minyuan Road, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities , No. 182, Minyuan Road, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Ling Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities , No. 182, Minyuan Road, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Mei-Tuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities , No. 182, Minyuan Road, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Sang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities , No. 182, Minyuan Road, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Kevin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities , No. 182, Minyuan Road, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - He-Bin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities , No. 182, Minyuan Road, 430074 Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Cai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of MOE and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , 100700 Beijing, China
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Liu HW, Chan YC, Wang MF, Wei CC, Chang SJ. Dietary (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Supplementation Counteracts Aging-Associated Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance and Fatty Liver in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:8407-8417. [PMID: 26152236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by pathophysiological changes including insulin resistance and fatty liver. Dietary supplementation with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates fatty liver disease. We hypothesized that EGCG could effectively modulate aging-associated changes in glucose and lipid metabolism in senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) prone 8 (SAMP8). Higher levels of glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid, inhibited Akt activity, and decreased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression were observed in SAMP8 mice compared to the normal aging group, SAM resistant 1 mice. EGCG supplementation for 12 weeks successfully decreased blood glucose and insulin levels via restoring Akt activity and GLUT4 expression and stimulating AMPKα activation in skeletal muscle. EGCG up-regulated genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and subsequently restored mitochondrial DNA copy number in skeletal muscle of SAMP8 mice. Decreased adipose triglyceride lipase and increased sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1c (SREBP-1c) and carbohydrate responsive element binding protein at mRNA levels were observed in SAMP8 mice in accordance with hepatocellular ballooning and excess lipid accumulation. The pevention of hepatic lipid accumulation by EGCG was mainly attributed to down-regulation of mTOR and SREBP-1c-mediated lipid biosynthesis via suppression of the positive regulator, Akt, and activation of the negative regulator, AMPKα, in the liver. EGCG beneficially modulates glucose and lipid homeostasis in skeletal muscle and liver, leading to alleviation of aging-associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ching Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chun Wei
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Joan Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
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Choi YH, Bae JK, Chae HS, Kim YM, Sreymom Y, Han L, Jang HY, Chin YW. α-Mangostin Regulates Hepatic Steatosis and Obesity through SirT1-AMPK and PPARγ Pathways in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:8399-8406. [PMID: 26368128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that α-mangostin (α-MG) suppresses intracellular fat accumulation and stimulation of lipolysis in in vitro systems. Together with the relatively high distribution of α-MG in liver and fat, these observations made it possible to propose a plausible hypothesis that an α-MG supplement may regulate hepatic steatosis and obesity. An α-MG supplement (50 mg/kg) reduced the body weight gain (13.8%) and epidymal and retroperitoneal fat mass accumulation (15.0 and 11.3%, respectively), as well as the biochemical serum profiles such as cholesterol [TC (26.9%), LDL-C (39.1%), and HDL-C (15.3%)], glucose (30.2%), triglyceride (29.7%), and fatty acid (30.3%) levels in high-fat fed mice compared with the high-fat diet-treated group, indicating that α-MG may regulate lipid metabolism. In addition, an α-MG supplement up-regulated hepatic AMPK, SirT1, and PPARγ levels compared with the high-fat diet states, suggesting that α-MG regulates hepatic steatosis and obesity through the SirT1-AMPK and PPARγ pathways in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Yim Sreymom
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Ling Han
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
| | - Ha Young Jang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , 80 Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-310, South Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and BK21Plus R-Find Team, Dongguk University-Seoul , 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, South Korea
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Tamaki N, Kurosaki M, Higuchi M, Takada H, Nakakuki N, Yasui Y, Suzuki S, Tsuchiya K, Nakanishi H, Itakura J, Takahashi Y, Ogawa S, Tanaka Y, Asahina Y, Izumi N. Genetic Polymorphisms of IL28B and PNPLA3 Are Predictive for HCV Related Rapid Fibrosis Progression and Identify Patients Who Require Urgent Antiviral Treatment with New Regimens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137351. [PMID: 26352693 PMCID: PMC4564246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of individual risk of fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C is an unmet clinical need. Recent genome-wide association studies have highlighted several genetic alterations as predictive risk factors of rapid fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C. However, most of these results require verification, and whether the combined use of these genetic predictors can assess the risk of fibrosis progression remains unclear. Therefore, genetic risk factors associated with fibrosis progression were analyzed in 176 chronic hepatitis C patients who did not achieve sustained virological response by interferon-based therapy and linked to the fibrosis progression rate (FPR). FPR was determined in all patients by paired liver biopsy performed before and after therapy (mean interval: 6.2 years). Mean FPR in patients with IL28B (rs8099917) TG/GG and PNPLA3 (rs738409) CG/GG were significantly higher than in those with IL28B TT (FPR: 0.144 vs. 0.034, P < 0.001) and PNPLA3 CC (FPR: 0.10 vs. 0.018, P = 0.005), respectively. IL28B TG/GG [hazard ratio (HR): 3.9, P = 0.001] and PNPLA3 CG/GG (HR: 3.1, P = 0.04) remained independent predictors of rapid fibrosis progression upon multivariate analysis together with average alanine aminotransferase after interferon therapy ≥40 IU/l (HR: 4.2, P = 0.002). Based on these data, we developed a new clinical score predicting the risk of fibrosis progression (FPR-score). The FPR-score identified subgroups of patients with a low (FPR: 0.005), intermediate (FPR: 0.103, P < 0.001), and high (FPR: 0.197, P < 0.001) risk of fibrosis progression. In conclusion, IL28B and PNPLA3 genotypes are associated with rapid fibrosis progression, and the FPR-score identifies patients who has a high risk of fibrosis progression and require urgent antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Tamaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurosaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayu Higuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nakakuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Itakura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Asahina
- Department of Hepatitis Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Szabo G, Iracheta-Vellve A. Inflammasome activation in the liver: Focus on alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39 Suppl 1:S18-23. [PMID: 26216030 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of the inflammatory cascade is a major element both in the progression of steatohepatitis to severe alcoholic hepatitis as well as in the progression of NASH to advanced NASH with fibrosis. The mechanisms underpinning these changes are only partially understood. Activation of the inflammatory cascade requires multiple stimuli and in this report, we discuss the role of inflammasomes that activate IL-1β as well as the sterile and pathogen-derived danger signals that results in inflammasome activation and inflammation in alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The dynamics of inflammasome activation, the cell types involved and the trigger signals appear to be somewhat different between ASH and NASH. Further studies are needed to dissect the pathology-related differences between these two major forms of steatohepatitis. Clinical and therapeutic implications of inflammasome activation in steatohepatitis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyongyi Szabo
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, LRB 215, 364, Plantation Street, 01605 Worcester, United States.
| | - Arvin Iracheta-Vellve
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Medicine, LRB 215, 364, Plantation Street, 01605 Worcester, United States
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240
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Hamza N, Berke B, Cheze C, Marais S, Lorrain S, Abdouelfath A, Lassalle R, Carles D, Gin H, Moore N. Effect of Centaurium erythraea Rafn, Artemisia herba-alba Asso and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. on liver fat accumulation in C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 171:4-11. [PMID: 26023031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Centaurium erythraea Rafn (CE), Artemisia herba-alba Asso (AHA) and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (TFG) are traditionally used to treat type 2 diabetes in Algeria, previous studies have found that extracts of these plants were effective to treat or prevent experimental diabetes induced by high-fat diet (HFD). AIM OF THE STUDY Describe the additional effects of these extracts on lipid tissue deposition in HFD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD to induce type 2 Diabetes. Groups of mice were given plant extracts orally at 2g/kg/bodyweight daily for 20 weeks during establishment of diabetes, or for 18 weeks after confirmation of diabetes at the 17th week. Liver and other tissue samples were stained with Oil Red O. RESULTS Liver steatosis was confirmed with HFD. CE, AHA and TFG extracts improved liver steatosis by the end of the preventive (20 weeks) and curative periods (35 weeks). This was most marked for CE extract (p<0.05), less so with TFG and AHA. No steatosis was found in other tissues. CONCLUSION CE extract had a clear hepatoprotective effect in this mouse model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes. AHA and TFG had a minimal or no significant effect on steatosis. Beyond its effect as an antidiabetic agent, CE may also be promising to prevent or treat non-alcoholic liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Hamza
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Département de Nutrition, Université des frères Mentouri, INATAA, Constantine, Algerie.
| | - Bénédicte Berke
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Cheze
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Marais
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Simon Lorrain
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Regis Lassalle
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dominique Carles
- Unité de pathologie fœtoplacentaire, Université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Henri Gin
- Service de Nutrition Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU de Bordeaux, Haut-Levèque, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicholas Moore
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Kesavanarayanan KS, Priya RJ, Selvakkumar C, Kavimani S, Prathiba D. Herbal formulation, DIA-2 and Rosiglitazone ameliorates hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetic rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:3107-3117. [PMID: 26367735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
DIA-2 is a herbal mixture containing standardized extract of Allium sativum and Lagerstroemia speciosa. Recently we have reported the anti-diabetic effect of DIA-2 in high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of DIA-2 with Rosiglitazone (RG) on plasma biomarkers of hepatocellular injury, liver carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, glycogen content, oxidant/antioxidant status and histopathological changes in T2D rats. ALT and ALP levels were significantly decreased after DIA-2 and RG treatment compared to T2D rats. Total protein and albumin remained unaltered in all the groups. Significant decrease in AST levels were observed after DIA-2 (125 mg/kg) and RG treatment. Hepatic hexokinase activity was significantly increased after RG and DIA-2 treatment and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase activity were inversely correlated with hexokinase activity. Hepatic gucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced after DIA-2 (62.5 mg/kg) and RG treatment. Lipid peroxides levels was significantly decreased in the liver of DIA-2 (62.5; p < 0.01 & 125 mg/kg; p < 0.05) treated animals. Hepatic glycogen content (p < 0.05) and antioxidant enzymes [SOD (p < 0.01; 62.5 mg/kg); GPx and GSH (125 mg/kg; p < 0.01)] were significantly increased after DIA-2 treatment. RG treatment on hepatic glycogen, GPx (p < 0.01) and SOD, GSH (p < 0.05) levels were significant when compared to T2D rats. These biochemical parameters were also correlated with histopathological evaluation. The above findings revealed that administration of DIA-2 could ameliorate the biochemical and histopathological changes in liver of T2D rats indicating the protective role of DIA-2 against HFD/STZ induced diabetes. In addition, DIA-2 and RG treatment resulted in amelioration of hepatic steatosis in T2D rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kesavanarayanan
- Centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
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242
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Komori T, Tanaka M, Furuta H, Akamizu T, Miyajima A, Morikawa Y. Oncostatin M is a potential agent for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders: a study in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1868-76. [PMID: 25972231 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity and insulin resistance are closely associated with adipose tissue dysfunction caused by the abnormal recruitment of inflammatory cells, including macrophages. Oncostatin M (OSM), a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, plays important roles in a variety of biological functions including the regulation of inflammatory responses. In previous reports, we have demonstrated that mice deficient in the OSM receptor β subunit show obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, all of which are exacerbated by feeding the mice a high-fat diet. These results prompted us to test the therapeutic effects of OSM on obesity-induced metabolic disorders using mouse models of obesity. METHODS In diet-induced obese and ob/ob mice, metabolic variables were assessed physiologically, histologically and biochemically after the intraperitoneal injection of recombinant mouse OSM twice a day for 1 week. RESULTS Treatment with OSM improved obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in both mouse models. Although OSM reduced food intake, such therapeutic effects of OSM were observed even under pair-feeding conditions. Functionally, OSM directly changed the phenotype of adipose tissue macrophages from M1 type (inflammatory) to M2 type (anti-inflammatory). In the liver, OSM suppressed the expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and increased the expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, OSM decreased lipid absorption and increased the expression of active glucagon-like peptide-1 in the intestine. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We showed that OSM is a novel candidate to act as a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Komori
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
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243
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Kato H, Nagai Y, Ohta A, Tenjin A, Nakamura Y, Tsukiyama H, Sasaki Y, Fukuda H, Ohshige T, Terashima Y, Sada Y, Kondo A, Sasaoka T, Tanaka Y. Effect of sitagliptin on intrahepatic lipid content and body fat in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:199-205. [PMID: 25934525 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin on intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content and body fat in overweight Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A prospective, 24-week, single-center, open-label comparative study enrolled 20 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (male: 11, female: 9) with a BMI≥25 kg/m(2) or fatty liver. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive treatment with sitagliptin (25 mg titrated up to 50 mg: S) or glimepiride (0.5 mg titrated up to 1 mg: G). After starting each treatment, IHL and total fat mass were evaluated by (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), respectively at baseline and at 12 weeks and 24 weeks. RESULTS After 24 weeks, HbA1c levels showed a similar significant decrease in both groups from 7.2 (7.0, 7.5) to 6.6 (6.4, 6.8)%, (54 (53, 56) to 48(47, 49) mmol/mol) with S and 7.3(6.8, 7.4) to 6.6 (6.3, 6.7)%, (55 (51, 56) to 48 (46, 49) mmol/mol) with G, median (interquartile range), p<0.05 vs. baseline, with no significant differences between the two groups. The IHL and total body fat mass were decreased in S group from 24.5(18.9, 36.6) to 20.5 (14.6, 28.5)% (p=0.009) and 22.5 (20.6, 33.7) to 21.6 (19.7, 32.4)kg (p=0.028), respectively, but not in G group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that sitagliptin and glimepiride achieved similar glycemic control, but only sitagliptin reduced IHL and total body fat (UMIN: 000013356).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nagai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Akio Ohta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tenjin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tsukiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hisashi Fukuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ohshige
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yuko Terashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yukiyoshi Sada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University School of Toyama, 930-0194 Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
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Tagawa H, Irie J, Itoh A, Kusumoto Y, Kato M, Kobayashi N, Tanaka K, Morinaga R, Fujita M, Nakajima Y, Morimoto K, Sugizaki T, Kawano Y, Yamada S, Kawai T, Watanabe M, Itoh H. Bile acid binding resin improves hepatic insulin sensitivity by reducing cholesterol but not triglyceride levels in the liver. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:85-94. [PMID: 25981325 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Bile acid binding resin (BAR) improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Although the mechanism is hypothesised to involve the clearance of excess hepatic triglyceride, this hypothesis has not been examined in appropriately designed studies. Therefore, we investigated whether reduced hepatic triglyceride deposition is involved in BAR-mediated improvements in glycaemic control in spontaneous fatty liver diabetic mice without dietary interventions. METHODS Male 6-week-old fatty liver Shionogi (FLS) mice were fed a standard diet without or with 1.5% BAR (colestilan) for 6 weeks. Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, hepatic lipid content, and gene expression were assessed. A liver X receptor (LXR) agonist was also administered to activate the LXR pathway. We also retrospectively analysed the medical records of 21 outpatients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with colestilan for ≥6 months. RESULTS BAR enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in FLS mice without altering fat mass. BAR improved hepatic insulin sensitivity, increased IRS2 expression, and decreased SREBP expression. BAR reduced hepatic cholesterol levels but not hepatic triglyceride levels. BAR also reduced the expression of LXR target genes, and LXR activation abolished the BAR-mediated improvements in glycaemic control. Colestilan significantly lowered serum cholesterol levels and improved glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS BAR improved hepatic insulin resistance in FLS mice by reducing hepatic cholesterol without affecting hepatic triglyceride levels or body fat distribution. Our study revealed that BAR improves glycaemic control at least in part by downregulating the hepatic cholesterol-LXR-IRS2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsune Tagawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Junichiro Irie
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Arata Itoh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukie Kusumoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mari Kato
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nana Kobayashi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tanaka
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Rieko Morinaga
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Fujita
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Nakajima
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kohkichi Morimoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Taichi Sugizaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Kawano
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Diabetes Center, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo 108-8642, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kawai
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Watanabe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Aroor AR, Habibi J, Ford DA, Nistala R, Lastra G, Manrique C, Dunham MM, Ford KD, Thyfault JP, Parks EJ, Sowers JR, Rector RS. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition ameliorates Western diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance through hepatic lipid remodeling and modulation of hepatic mitochondrial function. Diabetes 2015; 64:1988-2001. [PMID: 25605806 PMCID: PMC4439570 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel therapies are needed for treating the increasing prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Western populations. In this regard, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have recently been reported to attenuate the development of hepatic steatosis, but the potential mechanisms remain poorly defined. In the current study, 4-week-old C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high-fat/high-fructose Western diet (WD) or a WD containing the DPP-4 inhibitor, MK0626, for 16 weeks. The DPP-4 inhibitor prevented WD-induced hepatic steatosis and reduced hepatic insulin resistance by enhancing insulin suppression of hepatic glucose output. WD-induced accumulation of hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) content was significantly attenuated with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment. In addition, MK0626 significantly reduced mitochondrial incomplete palmitate oxidation and increased indices of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, TCA cycle flux, and hepatic TAG secretion. Furthermore, DPP-4 inhibition rescued WD-induced decreases in hepatic PGC-1α and CPT-1 mRNA expression and hepatic Sirt1 protein content. Moreover, plasma uric acid levels in mice fed the WD were decreased after MK0626 treatment. These studies suggest that DPP-4 inhibition ameliorates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by suppressing hepatic TAG and DAG accumulation through enhanced mitochondrial carbohydrate utilization and hepatic TAG secretion/export with a concomitant reduction of uric acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Javad Habibi
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Guido Lastra
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Camila Manrique
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Merlow M Dunham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kaitlin D Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - John P Thyfault
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
| | - Elizabeth J Parks
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
| | - James R Sowers
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - R Scott Rector
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
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246
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Murata S, Ogawa K, Matsuzaka T, Chiba M, Nakayama K, Iwasaki K, Kurokawa T, Sano N, Tanoi T, Ohkohchi N. 1,8-Cineole Ameliorates Steatosis of Pten Liver Specific KO Mice via Akt Inactivation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12051-63. [PMID: 26023714 PMCID: PMC4490428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte-specific Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten)-knockout (KO) mice exhibit hepatic lesions analogous to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 1,8-cineole is a monoterpene oxide and it has several biological effects including hepatoprotective effects. In this study we revealed that 1,8-cineole ameliorates NASH of Pten KO mice. Pten KO mice were assigned to a control group without any medication or to a 1,8-cineole group injected with 50 mg/kg i.p. twice per week for eight weeks. At eight weeks, livers from each group were processed to measure triglyceride (TG) content, gene expression analysis, western blot analysis, and histological examination including Oil red O staining. 1,8-cineole ameliorated hepatic steatosis in Pten KO mice, revealed by TG content and Oil red O staining. Moreover, 1,8-cineole downregulated collagen 1a1 expression and improved liver fibrosis. Thus, 1,8-cineole has potential as a candidate to treat NASH by inactivating the Akt/PI3-kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Murata
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Koichi Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Ken Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Iwasaki
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Kurokawa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Naoki Sano
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Tomohito Tanoi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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247
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Yang MY, Chan KC, Lee YJ, Chang XZ, Wu CH, Wang CJ. Sechium edule Shoot Extracts and Active Components Improve Obesity and a Fatty Liver That Involved Reducing Hepatic Lipogenesis and Adipogenesis in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:4587-4596. [PMID: 25912298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Excess fat accumulation in the liver increases the risk of developing progressive liver injuries ranging from a fatty liver to hepatocarcinoma. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the polyphenol components of Sechium edule shoots attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of the extract of S. edule shoots (SWE) to modulate fat accumulation in a high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced animal model. In this study, we found that the SWE can reduce the body weight, adipose tissue fat, and regulate hepatic lipid contents (e.g., triglyceride and cholesterol). Additionally, treatment of caffeic acid (CA) and hesperetin (HPT), the main ingredients of SWE, also inhibited oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. SWE enhanced the activation of AMP-activating protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased numerous lipogenic-related enzymes, such as sterol regulator element-binding proteins (SREBPs), e.g., SREBP-1 and SREBP-2, and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCoR) proteins, which are critical regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism. Taken together, the results demonstrated that SWE can prevent a fatty liver and attenuate adipose tissue fat by inhibiting lipogenic enzymes and stimulating lipolysis via upregulating AMPK. It was also demonstrated that the main activation components of SWE are both CA and HPT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cheng-Hsun Wu
- #Department of Anatomy, China Medical University, Taichung 40401, Taiwan
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248
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Hsiao WC, Shia KS, Wang YT, Yeh YN, Chang CP, Lin Y, Chen PH, Wu CH, Chao YS, Hung MS. A novel peripheral cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist, BPR0912, reduces weight independently of food intake and modulates thermogenesis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:495-504. [PMID: 25656402 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the in vivo metabolic effects of treatment with BPR0912, a novel and potent peripheral cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist, on both normal mice and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. METHODS The acute peripheral effects of BPR0912 administration on gastrointestinal transit and energy metabolism in normal mice were investigated. The effects of chronic BPR0912 treatment were compared with those of rimonabant using DIO mice. Alterations to body weight and biochemical and metabolic variables were determined. RESULTS Acute treatment with BPR0912 did not alter food intake or energy metabolism, but efficiently reversed CB1R-mediated gastrointestinal delay. Chronic treatment of DIO mice with BPR0912 showed that BPR0912 exerts a food intake-independent mechanism, which contributes to weight loss. Genes involved in β-oxidation and thermogenesis were upregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) in addition to increased lipolytic activity, whereas Ucp1 expression was induced in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and body temperature was elevated. Expression of the β2-adrenoceptor was specifically elevated in both WAT and BAT in a manner dependent on the BPR0912 dose. Lastly, chronic BPR0912 treatment was more efficacious than rimonabant in reducing hepatic triglycerides in DIO mice. CONCLUSION BPR0912 exhibits significant in vivo efficacy in inducing food intake-independent weight loss in DIO mice, while tending to reduce their hepatic steatosis. The thermogenic effects of BPR0912, as well as its modulation of protein and gene expression patterns in WAT and BAT, may enhance its efficacy as an anti-obesity agent. The results of the present study support the benefits of the use of peripheral CB1R antagonists to combat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Hsiao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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249
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Hu C, Wang Y, Fan Y, Li H, Wang C, Zhang J, Zhang S, Han X, Wen C. Lipidomics revealed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-induced hepatic lipid disorders corrected with treatment of baicalin in a murine model. AAPS J 2015; 17:711-22. [PMID: 25762447 PMCID: PMC4406959 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease. The current standard treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) leads to many adverse effects, and its effectiveness is questionable. Thus, it is critical and urgent to find new drug(s) for treatment of IPF. Baicalin (BAI) is an attractive candidate for this purpose. Herein, utilizing shotgun lipidomics, we revealed that IPF could lead to a lipid disorder of the liver in an animal model induced by bleomycin and confirmed through histopathological studies of the lung. Lipidomics further demonstrated that this disorder could virtually be corrected after treatment with BAI, but not with dexamethasone (DEX) (a commonly used GC for treatment of IPF). In contrast, the treatment with DEX did not improve IPF but led to tremendous alterations in hepatic lipidomes and accumulation of fat in the liver, which was very different from the lipid disorder induced by IPF. The underpinning mechanisms of the IPF-resultant lipid disorder and DEX-induced lipotoxicity as revealed by shotgun lipidomics were extensively discussed. Taken together, the current study showed that IPF could lead to hepatic lipid disorder, which can be treated with BAI, and demonstrated that lipidomics could be a powerful tool for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Hu
- />College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053 China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- />Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053 China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- />College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053 China
| | - Haichang Li
- />College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053 China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- />Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida 32827 USA
| | - Jida Zhang
- />College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053 China
| | - Shuijuan Zhang
- />Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053 China
| | - Xianlin Han
- />College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053 China
- />Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida 32827 USA
| | - Chengping Wen
- />College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bingwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053 China
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Araujo-Vilar D, Sánchez-Iglesias S, Guillín-Amarelle C, Castro A, Lage M, Pazos M, Rial JM, Blasco J, Guillén-Navarro E, Domingo-Jiménez R, del Campo MR, González-Méndez B, Casanueva FF. Recombinant human leptin treatment in genetic lipodystrophic syndromes: the long-term Spanish experience. Endocrine 2015; 49:139-47. [PMID: 25367549 PMCID: PMC4412649 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are a group of diseases mainly characterized by a loss of adipose tissue and frequently associated with insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic steatosis. In uncommon lipodystrophies, these complications frequently are difficult to control with conventional therapeutic approaches. This retrospective study addressed the effectiveness of recombinant methionyl leptin (metreleptin) for improving glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and hepatic steatosis in patients with genetic lipodystrophic syndromes. We studied nine patients (five females and four males) with genetic lipodystrophies [seven with Berardinelli-Seip syndrome, one with atypical progeroid syndrome, and one with type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD)]. Six patients were children under age 9 years, and all patients had baseline triglycerides levels >2.26 mmol/L and hepatic steatosis; six had poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Metreleptin was self-administered subcutaneously daily at a final dose that ranged between 0.05 and 0.24 mg/(kg day) [median: 0.08 mg/(kg day)] according to the body weight. The duration of treatment ranged from 9 months to 5 years, 9 months (median: 3 years). Plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c), lipid profile, plasma insulin and leptin, and hepatic enzymes were evaluated at baseline and at least every 6 months. Except for the patient with FPLD, metreleptin replacement significantly improved metabolic control (Hb A1c: from 10.4 to 7.1 %, p < 0.05). Plasma triglycerides were reduced 76 % on average, and hepatic enzymes decreased more than 65 %. This study extends knowledge about metreleptin replacement in genetic lipodystrophies, bearing out its effectiveness for long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Araujo-Vilar
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain,
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