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Gógl G, Biri-Kovács B, Durbesson F, Jane P, Nomine Y, Kostmann C, Bilics V, Simon M, Reményi A, Vincentelli R, Trave G, Nyitray L. Rewiring of RSK-PDZ Interactome by Linear Motif Phosphorylation. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1234-1249. [PMID: 30726710 PMCID: PMC6424611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of short linear peptide motifs is a widespread process for the dynamic regulation of protein-protein interactions. However, the global impact of phosphorylation events on the protein-protein interactome is rarely addressed. The disordered C-terminal tail of ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) binds to PDZ domain-containing scaffold proteins, and it harbors a phosphorylatable PDZ-binding motif (PBM) responsive to epidermal growth factor stimulation. Here, we examined binding of two versions of the RSK1 PBM, either phosphorylated or unphosphorylated at position -3, to almost all (95%) of the 266 PDZ domains of the human proteome. PBM phosphorylation dramatically altered the PDZ domain-binding landscape of RSK1, by strengthening or weakening numerous interactions to various degrees. The RSK-PDZome interactome analyzed in this study reveals how linear motif-based phospho-switches convey stimulus-dependent changes in the context of related network components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Gógl
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fabien Durbesson
- Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Aix-Marseille Universite, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France
| | - Pau Jane
- Equipe Labellisee Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Universite de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Yves Nomine
- Equipe Labellisee Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Universite de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Camille Kostmann
- Equipe Labellisee Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Universite de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Viktória Bilics
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Reményi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Aix-Marseille Universite, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Trave
- Equipe Labellisee Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Universite de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, F-67404 Illkirch, France.
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Leinhos L, Peters J, Krull S, Helbig L, Vogler M, Levay M, van Belle GJ, Ridley AJ, Lutz S, Katschinski DM, Zieseniss A. Hypoxia suppresses myofibroblast differentiation by changing RhoA activity. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs223230. [PMID: 30659117 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts show a high range of phenotypic plasticity, including transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts are responsible for generation of the contraction forces that are important for wound healing and scar formation. Overactive myofibroblasts, by contrast, are involved in abnormal scarring. Cell stretching and extracellular signals such as transforming growth factor β can induce the myofibroblastic program, whereas microenvironmental conditions such as reduced tissue oxygenation have an inhibitory effect. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on myofibroblastic properties and linked this to RhoA activity. Hypoxia reversed the myofibroblastic phenotype of primary fibroblasts. This was accompanied by decreased αSMA (ACTA2) expression, alterations in cell contractility, actin reorganization and RhoA activity. We identified a hypoxia-inducible induction of ARHGAP29, which is critically involved in myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) signaling, the differentiation state of myofibroblasts and modulates RhoA activity. This novel link between hypoxia and MRTF-A signaling is likely to be important for ischemia-induced tissue remodeling and the fibrotic response.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Leinhos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Peters
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Krull
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Helbig
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Vogler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magdolna Levay
- Experimental Pharmacology, European Center of Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gijsbert J van Belle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Susanne Lutz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Zieseniss
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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203
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Chen Y, Tian Y. Influence of miR-26b on hepatic cirrhosis and portal pressure in rats with cirrhotic portal hypertension by targeting hENT1 depending on RhoA/ROCK-1 pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23:1668-1673. [PMID: 30840291 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201902_17128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the regulatory effect of micro ribonucleic acid-26b (miR-26b) on rat models of cirrhotic portal hypertension and the underlying mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Common bile duct ligation (BDL) was applied to establish rat models. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group), operation group (BDL group) and miR-26b intervention group (miR-26b mimic group). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining assay was performed to detect pathological characteristics of rat liver tissues in each group. The portal venous pressure in each group was then determined. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in rat serum were measured via serological test. Kits were used to detect serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen III peptide (PCIII) and laminin (LN) in rats. Western blotting was utilized to detect the protein levels of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinase protein-1 (Rock-1). RESULTS In comparison with Sham group, BDL group had significantly increased portal venous pressure and protein levels of hENT1, RhoA and ROCK-1, and elevated levels of AST, ALT, HA, PCIII and LN in rats. Compared with those in BDL group, the portal venous pressure and protein levels of hENT1, RhoA and ROCK-1 were overtly reduced, while the levels of AST, ALT, HA, PCIII and LN declined in miR-26b mimic group. CONCLUSIONS MiR-26b mimics played a role in the treatment of rats with cirrhotic portal hypertension by targeting hENT1 to inhibit the RhoA/ROCK-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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204
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Abstract
In vertebrate cells, the Golgi apparatus is located in close proximity to the centriole. The architecture of the Golgi/centriole complex depends on a multitude of factors, including the actin filament cytoskeleton. In turn, both the Golgi and centriole act as the actin nucleation centers. Actin organization and polymerization also depend on the small GTPase RhoA pathway. In this chapter, we summarize the most current knowledge on how the genetic, magnetic, or pharmacologic interference with RhoA pathway and actin cytoskeleton directly or indirectly affects architecture, structure, and function of the Golgi/centriole complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ahmed Uosef
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jarek Wosik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Cell Cycle Group, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Univ Rennes, UMR 6290, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Rafik Mark Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Egiz M, Usui T, Ishibashi M, Zhang X, Shigeta S, Toyoshima M, Kitatani K, Yaegashi N. La-Related Protein 4 as a Suppressor for Motility of Ovarian Cancer Cells. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2019; 247:59-67. [PMID: 30686809 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.247.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The La-related proteins (LARPs) are a family of RNA binding proteins that control the degradation and stabilization of RNAs. As emerging research reveals the biology of each LARP, it is evident that LARPs are dysregulated in some types of cancer. Upregulation of cell motility potentiates the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells; however, the roles of LARPs in cell motility remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of LARPs in the progression of ovarian cancer using SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells and a public database that integrates microarray-based gene expression data and clinical data. To explore the involvement of LARPs in the cell motility, we performed RNA interference screening for LARP mRNAs in SKOV3 cells. The screening identified LARP4 as a potential suppressor of the formation of lamellipodia. Conversely, enforced expression of LARP4 suppressed the formation of lamellipodia. Moreover, cell migration was significantly increased in LARP4-depleted SKOV3 cells. Mechanistically, LARP4 depletion was associated with the decrease in RhoA protein expression. These results suggest that LARP4 may limit RhoA-dependent cell motility. In a mouse xenograft model with SKOV3 cells, LARP4 depletion potentiated peritoneal metastasis. Upon analysis of a public database of patients with ovarian cancer, the LARP4 mRNA-high expression group (n = 166) showed longer overall survival compared with the LARP4 mRNA-low expression group (n = 489), implying a positive correlation of LARP4 mRNA levels in ovarian cancer tissues with patient prognosis. Taken together, we propose that LARP4 could suppress motility and metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahy Egiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menoufia University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshinori Usui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Masumi Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Shogo Shigeta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Masafumi Toyoshima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Kazuyuki Kitatani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
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206
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Sarker MAK, Aki S, Yoshioka K, Kuno K, Okamoto Y, Ishimaru K, Takuwa N, Takuwa Y. Class II PI3Ks α and β Are Required for Rho-Dependent Uterine Smooth Muscle Contraction and Parturition in Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:235-248. [PMID: 30476019 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Class II phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β, are highly homologous and distinct from class I and class III PI3Ks in catalytic products and domain structures. In contrast to class I and class III PI3Ks, physiological roles of PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β are not fully understood. Because we previously demonstrated that PI3K-C2α is involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction, we studied the phenotypes of smooth muscle-specific knockout (KO) mice of PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β. The pup numbers born from single PI3K-C2α-KO and single PI3K-C2β-KO mothers were similar to those of control mothers, but those from double KO (DKO) mothers were smaller compared with control mice. However, the number of intrauterine fetuses in pregnant DKO mothers was similar to that in control mice. Both spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contraction of isolated uterine smooth muscle (USM) strips was diminished in DKO mice but not in either of the single KO mice, compared with control mice. Furthermore, contraction of USM of DKO mice was less sensitive to a Rho kinase inhibitor. Mechanistically, the extent of oxytocin-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation was greatly reduced in USM from DKO mice compared with control mice. The oxytocin-induced rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in USM was similar in DKO and control mice. However, Rho activation in the intracellular compartment was substantially attenuated in DKO mice compared with control mice, as evaluated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging technique. These data indicate that both PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2β are required for normal USM contraction and parturition mainly through their involvement in Rho activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sho Aki
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshioka
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuno
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Takuwa
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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207
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Schaffer TB, Smith JE, Cook EK, Phan T, Margolis SS. PKCε Inhibits Neuronal Dendritic Spine Development through Dual Phosphorylation of Ephexin5. Cell Rep 2018; 25:2470-2483.e8. [PMID: 30485813 PMCID: PMC6371982 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanisms promote synaptic function in the mature brain. However, the roles of PKC signaling during synapse development remain largely unknown. Investigating each brain-enriched PKC isoform in early neuronal development, we show that PKCε acutely and specifically reduces the number of dendritic spines, sites of eventual synapse formation on developing dendrites. This PKCε-mediated spine suppression is temporally restricted to immature neurons and mediated through the phosphorylation and activation of Ephexin5, a RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and inhibitor of hippocampal synapse formation. Our data suggest that PKCε acts as an early developmental inhibitor of dendritic spine formation, in contrast to its emerging pro-synaptic roles in mature brain function. Moreover, we identify a substrate of PKCε, Ephexin5, whose early-elevated expression in developing neurons may in part explain the mechanism by which PKCε plays seemingly opposing roles that depend on neuronal maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Schaffer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jaclyn E Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily K Cook
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thao Phan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth S Margolis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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208
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Hill LJ, Mead B, Thomas CN, Foale S, Feinstein E, Berry M, Blanch RJ, Ahmed Z, Logan A. TGF-β-induced IOP elevations are mediated by RhoA in the early but not the late fibrotic phase of open angle glaucoma. Mol Vis 2018; 24:712-726. [PMID: 30429640 PMCID: PMC6205807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP) are associated with the development of glaucoma and loss of sight. High transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 1 levels in the eye's anterior chamber can lead to dysfunctional contractions through RhoA signaling in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and IOP spikes. Sustained high TGF-β levels leads to TM fibrosis and sustained increases in IOP. We investigated whether inhibiting RhoA, using a siRNA-mediated RhoA (siRhoA), controls IOP by altering TM expression of fibrosis and contractility-related proteins in a rodent model of glaucoma. Methods TGF-β was injected intracamerally twice a week into adult Sprague Dawley rats, and IOP was recorded with tonometry. Animals were euthanized on day 7 and 35 with TM expression of fibrosis and contractility-related proteins, as well as survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) assessed with immunohistochemistry. siRNA against RhoA or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was also injected intracamerally into select animals. Successful RhoA knockdown was determined with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, and the effects of the knockdown on the parameters above analyzed. Results TGF-β caused increased TM contractile proteins and IOP spikes by day 7, sustained increases in IOP from day 15, and TM fibrosis at day 35. siRhoA abolished the transient 7 day IOP rise but not the later sustained IOP increase (due to fibrosis). At 35 days, TGF-β-related RGC loss was not prevented with siRhoA treatment. Conclusions We conclude that RhoA signaling mediates the early IOP rise induced by TM cellular changes associated with contractility but not the sustained IOP elevation caused by TM fibrosis. Thus, RhoA therapies offer a clinically relevant opportunity for IOP management, likely through the modulation of TM contractility, but appear to be ineffective in the amelioration of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Hill
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Mead
- Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe N Thomas
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Foale
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Feinstein
- Research Division, Quark Pharmaceuticals, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Martin Berry
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Blanch
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Logan
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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209
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Wu WM, Liao YC. Downregulation of C-Terminal Tensin-Like Protein (CTEN) Suppresses Prostate Cell Proliferation and Contributes to Acinar Morphogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103190. [PMID: 30332774 PMCID: PMC6214133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal tensin-like protein (CTEN) is a member of tensin family, which is crucial for the assembly of cell-matrix adhesome. Unlike other tensins, CTEN is selectively expressed only in a few tissues such as the prostate. However, the biological relevance of CTEN in normal prostate is poorly understood. In this study, we revealed that CTEN is selectively expressed in the prostate epithelial cells and enriched in the basal compartment. Knockdown of CTEN in RWPE-1 cells suppresses cell proliferation and results in G1/S cell cycle arrest as well as the accumulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, p21 and p27. Moreover, the expression of CTEN is decreased during acinar morphogenesis using Matrigel-based three-dimensional (3D) culture. In the course of acinar formation, induction of CTEN reactivates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) Y397 phosphorylation and disrupts the acini structure. This study, to our knowledge, is the first report demonstrating that downregulation of CTEN is required for luminal differentiation and acinar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chun Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Acharya BR, Nestor-Bergmann A, Liang X, Gupta S, Duszyc K, Gauquelin E, Gomez GA, Budnar S, Marcq P, Jensen OE, Bryant Z, Yap AS. A Mechanosensitive RhoA Pathway that Protects Epithelia against Acute Tensile Stress. Dev Cell 2018; 47:439-452.e6. [PMID: 30318244 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adherens junctions are tensile structures that couple epithelial cells together. Junctional tension can arise from cell-intrinsic application of contractility or from the cell-extrinsic forces of tissue movement. Here, we report a mechanosensitive signaling pathway that activates RhoA at adherens junctions to preserve epithelial integrity in response to acute tensile stress. We identify Myosin VI as the force sensor, whose association with E-cadherin is enhanced when junctional tension is increased by mechanical monolayer stress. Myosin VI promotes recruitment of the heterotrimeric Gα12 protein to E-cadherin, where it signals for p114 RhoGEF to activate RhoA. Despite its potential to stimulate junctional actomyosin and further increase contractility, tension-activated RhoA signaling is necessary to preserve epithelial integrity. This is explained by an increase in tensile strength, especially at the multicellular vertices of junctions, that is due to mDia1-mediated actin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipul R Acharya
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander Nestor-Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Xuan Liang
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shafali Gupta
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kinga Duszyc
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Estelle Gauquelin
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR 7592, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75205, France
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Srikanth Budnar
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philippe Marcq
- Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Sorbonne Universite, PSL Research University, Paris and CNRS UMR 168, Paris 75005, France
| | - Oliver E Jensen
- School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zev Bryant
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Ting PC, Lee WR, Huo YN, Hsu SP, Lee WS. Folic acid inhibits colorectal cancer cell migration. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:157-164. [PMID: 30393128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that folic acid (FA) could decrease the proliferation rate of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and reduce the volume of COLO-205 tumor in vivo. Since cancer cell proliferation and migration are two major events during cancer development, we further examined whether FA could also affect the migration of colorectal cancer cells. Transwell invasion assays demonstrated that FA reduced the invasion ability of colorectal cancer cell lines, COLO-205, LoVo and HT-29. Using COLO-205 as a cell model, we further delineated the molecular mechanism underlying FA-inhibited colorectal cancer cell invasion. Western blot analyses showed that FA (10 μM) activated cSrc, ERK1/2, NFκB, and p27 at serine 10 (Ser10), and up-regulated p53, p27, and KIS protein. Subcellular fractionation illustrated that FA treatment increased cytosolic translocation of p27, formation of the p27-RhoA complex, and RhoA degradation. The FA-induced migration inhibition in COLO-205 was abolished by blockade of the cSrc or ERK1/2 activity, knockdown of p27 or KIS using the siRNA technique, or over-expression of a constitutive active RhoA cDNA. Our results suggest that FA up-regulated p27 through increasing the cSrc/ERK1/2/NFκB/p53-mediated pathway. In the nucleus, FA up-regulated KIS, which in turn increased p27 phosphorylation at serine 10 (Ser10), subsequently resulting in cytosolic translocation of p27 and forming the p27-RhoA complex, thereby causing RhoA degradation, and eventually inhibited COLO-205 cell migration. Together with our previous findings suggest that FA reduced colorectal cancer development through inhibiting colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Ting
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Woan-Ruoh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nien Huo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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212
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Ma TJ, Zhang ZW, Lu YL, Zhang YY, Tao DC, Liu YQ, Ma YX. CLOCK and BMAL1 stabilize and activate RHOA to promote F-actin formation in cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-15. [PMID: 30287810 PMCID: PMC6172197 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian genes control most of the physiological functions in cancer cells, including cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The CLOCK and BMAL1 complex plays a central role in circadian rhythms. Previous studies have shown that circadian genes may act as oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes. In addition, F-actin, regulated by RHOA, has been shown to participate in tumor progression. However, the roles of the CLOCK and BMAL1 genes in the regulation of tumor progression via the RHOA-ROCK-CFL pathway remain largely unclear. Here we first indicate that the rearrangement of F-actin is regulated by CLOCK and BMAL1. We found that CLOCK and BMAL1 can upregulate RHOA expression by inhibiting CUL3-mediated ubiquitination and activate RHOA by reducing the interaction between RHOA and RhoGDI. Consequently, CLOCK and BMAL1 control the expression of the components of the RHOA-ROCK-CFL pathway, which alters the dynamics of F-actin/G-actin turnover and promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, our research proposes a novel insight into the role of CLOCK and BMAL1 in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Jiao Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Lu Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Da-Chang Tao
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Xin Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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213
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Abstract
Understanding cell-material interactions is a prerequisite for the development of bio-inspired materials for tissue regeneration. While nanofibrous biomaterials have been widely used in tissue regeneration, the effects of nanofibrous architecture on stem cell behaviors are largely ambiguous because the previous biomaterial systems used for nanofiber-cell interactions could not exclude the interference of cell-cell interactions. In this study, we developed a unique micropatterning technology to confine one single stem cell in a microisland of the nanofibrous micropatterned matrix; therefore, eliminating any potential intercellular communications. The nanofibrous micropatterned matrix, which mimicked both the physical architecture and chemical composition of natural extracellular matrix, was fabricated by a combination of electrospinning, chemical crosslinking, and UV-initiated photolithography. Compared to the non-nanofibrous architecture, a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) cultured on the nanofibrous microisland exhibited a more in vivo-like morphology, a smaller spreading area, less focal adhesion, and fewer stress fibers. The BMSC cultured on the nanofibrous microisland also had higher alkaline phosphatase activity, indicating nanofibrous architecture promoted BMSC differentiation. A mechanistic study reveals that nanofibers regulate single BMSC osteogenesis via the FAK/RhoA/YAP1 pathway. The nanofibrous micropatterned matrix developed in this study is an excellent platform to promote the fundamental understanding of cell-matrix interactions, ultimately provide valuable insights for the development of novel bio-inspired scaffolds for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States
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214
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Huang Z, Peng Y, Yu H, Yu X, Zhou J, Xiao J. RhoA protects the podocytes against high glucose-induced apoptosis through YAP and plays critical role in diabetic nephropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:949-956. [PMID: 30220545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongshun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Yonghua Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Jialin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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215
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Feng S, Zou L, Wang H, He R, Liu K, Zhu H. RhoA/ROCK-2 Pathway Inhibition and Tight Junction Protein Upregulation by Catalpol Suppresses Lipopolysaccaride-Induced Disruption of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092371. [PMID: 30227623 PMCID: PMC6225311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccaride (LPS) directly or indirectly injures brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and damages the intercellular tight junction that gives rise to altered blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Catalpol plays a protective role in LPS-induced injury, but whether catalpol protects against LPS-caused damage of BBB permeability and the underlying mechanism remain to be delineated. Prophylactic protection with catalpol (5 mg/kg, i.v.) consecutively for three days reversed the LPS-induced damage of BBB by decreased Evans Blue (EB) leakage and restored tight junctions in C57 mice. Besides, catalpol co-administrated with LPS increased BMECs survival, decreased their endothelin-1, TNF-Α and IL-6 secretion, improved transmembrane electrical resistance in a time-dependent manner, and in addition increased the fluorescein sodium permeability coefficient of BMECs. Also, transmission electron microscopy showed catalpol protective effects on tight junctions. Fluorescence staining displayed that catalpol reversed the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton protein F-actin and upregulated the tight junction protein of claudin-5 and ZO-1, which have been further demonstrated by the mRNA and protein expression levels of ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, claudin-5, and occludin. Moreover, catalpol concurrently downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of RhoA, and ROCK2, the critical proteins in the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway. This study thus indicated that catalpol, via inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway, reverses the disaggregation of cytoskeleton actin in BMECs and prevents down-regulation of junctional proteins, such as claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1, and decreases endothelin-1 and inflammatory cytokine secretion, eventually alleviating the increase in LPS-induced BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2# Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Li Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2# Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Hongjin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2# Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ran He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2# Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ke Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2# Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2# Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China.
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216
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Oda Y, Sasaki H, Miura T, Takanashi T, Furuya Y, Yoshinari M, Yajima Y. Bone marrow stromal cells from low-turnover osteoporotic mouse model are less sensitive to the osteogenic effects of fluvastatin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202857. [PMID: 30142209 PMCID: PMC6108483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of fluvastatin on the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) compared with that in the normal senescence-accelerated-resistant mouse (SAMR1) model. SAMP strains arose spontaneously from the AKR/J background and display shortened life span and an array of signs of accelerated aging, compared with control SAMR strains. The dose effects of fluvastatin were also evaluated. BMSCs were cultured with/without fluvastatin (0 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, and 1.0 μM). WST-1-based colorimetry was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. To evaluate cell differentiation, gene expression levels of bmp2 and runx2 were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and protein expression levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BMP2) and immunofluorescence staining (BMP2 and Runx2). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and histochemical detection were determined; the effect of noggin, a BMP-specific antagonist, was examined using ALP histochemical detection. To assess for mature osteogenic marker, gene expression levels of bglap2 were determined by qRT-PCR and mineralization was determined by alizarin red staining. RhoA activity was also examined by Western blotting. In SAMP6, BMP2, Runx2 and Bglap2 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly increased by fluvastatin, and ALP activity was increased by BMP2 action. RhoA activity was also inhibited by fluvastatin. The concentration of fluvastatin sufficient to increase BMP2 and Runx2 expression and ALP activity was 0.5 μM in SAMP6 and 0.1 μM in SAMR1. In conclusion, the present study revealed that fluvastatin promoted BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts by RhoA-BMP2 pathway in SAMP6. BMSCs of SAMP6 are less sensitive to the osteogenic effects of fluvastatin than SAMR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Oda
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hodaka Sasaki
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Miura
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takanashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Furuya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Yoshinari
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yajima
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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217
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Xuan B, Ghosh D, Cheney EM, Clifton EM, Dawson MR. Dysregulation in Actin Cytoskeletal Organization Drives Increased Stiffness and Migratory Persistence in Polyploidal Giant Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11935. [PMID: 30093656 PMCID: PMC6085392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyploidal giant cancer cells (PGCCs) have been observed by pathologists in patient tumor samples and are especially prominent in late stage, high grade disease or after chemotherapy. However, they are often overlooked due to their apparent dormancy. Recent research has shown PGCCs to be chemoresistant and express stem-like features, traits associated with disease progression and relapse. Here, we show the preferential survival of PGCCs during Paclitaxel (PTX) treatment and used multiple particle tracking analysis to probe their unique biophysical phenotype. We show that PGCCs have higher inherent cytoplasmic and nuclear stiffness in order to withstand the mechanical stress associated with their increased size and the chemical stress from PTX treatment. Inhibitor studies show the involvement of a dysregulated RhoA-Rock1 pathway and overall actin cytoskeletal network as the underlying mechanism for the altered biophysical phenotype of PGCCs. Furthermore, PGCCs exhibit a slow but persistent migratory phenotype, a trait commonly associated with metastatic dissemination and invasiveness. This work demonstrates the clinical relevance and the need to study this subpopulation, in order to devise therapeutic strategies to combat disease relapse. By highlighting the unique biophysical phenotype of PGCCs, we hope to provide unique avenues for therapeutic targeting of these cells in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botai Xuan
- Brown University, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Providence, 02912, USA
| | - Deepraj Ghosh
- Brown University, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Providence, 02912, USA
| | - Emily M Cheney
- Brown University, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Providence, 02912, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Clifton
- Brown University, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Providence, 02912, USA
| | - Michelle R Dawson
- Brown University, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Providence, 02912, USA.
- Brown University, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Providence, 02912, USA.
- Brown University, School of Engineering, Providence, 02912, USA.
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218
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Kapfhamer J, Waite C, Ascoli M. The Gα q/11-provoked induction of Akr1c18 in murine luteal cells is mediated by phospholipase C. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 470:179-187. [PMID: 29107092 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Towards the end of gestation prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) stimulates the expression of Akr1c18 in the murine corpus luteum. Akr1c18 codes for 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, an enzyme that precipitates parturition by catabolizing progesterone. Previous results from our laboratory have shown that this effect of PGF2α is mediated by the activation of Gαq/11, but the downstream effector(s) of Gαq/11 that elicit the increase in Akr1c18 expression have not been identified. The physiological effects of Gαq/11 are mediated by its ability to interact with phospholipase Cβ, p63RhoGEF, and PKCζ. In the experiments described herein we used biochemical and pharmacological approaches, as well as adenoviral-mediated expression of a constitutively active form of Gαq and mutants thereof, to examine the role of each of these effectors as potential mediators of the increased expression of luteal Akr1c18. By measuring the effects of PGF2α on the activation of RhoA (activated by p63RhoGEF) and the effects of activators and inhibitors of RhoA on the PGF2α-induced expression of luteal Akr1c18, we determined that RhoA is neither activated by PGF2α or involved in the PGF2α-induced expression of luteal Akr1c18. The potential involvement of PKCζ was ruled out by the inability of a mutant of a constitutively active Gαq that prevents PKCζ binding to block the increased expression of Akr1c18. Furthermore, PGF2α does not increase the phosphorylation of ERK-5, the only known downstream target of PKCζ. On the other hand, three different mutants of a constitutively active Gαq that prevent phospholipase C activation blocked the induction of luteal Akr1c18. We conclude that the induction of luteal Akr1c18 by Gαq/11 is mediated by the activation of phospholipase C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kapfhamer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, United States
| | - Courtney Waite
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, United States; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, United States
| | - Mario Ascoli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, United States; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, United States.
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219
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Zhao T, Li R, Tan X, Zhang J, Fan C, Zhao Q, Deng Y, Xu A, Lukong KE, Genth H, Xiang J. Simulated Microgravity Reduces Focal Adhesions and Alters Cytoskeleton and Nuclear Positioning Leading to Enhanced Apoptosis via Suppressing FAK/RhoA-Mediated mTORC1/NF-κB and ERK1/2 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071994. [PMID: 29986550 PMCID: PMC6073227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simulated-microgravity (SMG) promotes cell-apoptosis. We demonstrated that SMG inhibited cell proliferation/metastasis via FAK/RhoA-regulated mTORC1 pathway. Since mTORC1, NF-κB, and ERK1/2 signaling are important in cell apoptosis, we examined whether SMG-enhanced apoptosis is regulated via these signals controlled by FAK/RhoA in BL6-10 melanoma cells under clinostat-modelled SMG-condition. We show that SMG promotes cell-apoptosis, alters cytoskeleton, reduces focal adhesions (FAs), and suppresses FAK/RhoA signaling. SMG down-regulates expression of mTORC1-related Raptor, pS6K, pEIF4E, pNF-κB, and pNF-κB-regulated Bcl2, and induces relocalization of pNF-κB from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In addition, SMG also inhibits expression of nuclear envelope proteins (NEPs) lamin-A, emerin, sun1, and nesprin-3, which control nuclear positioning, and suppresses nuclear positioning-regulated pERK1/2 signaling. Moreover, rapamycin, the mTORC1 inhibitor, also enhances apoptosis in cells under 1 g condition via suppressing the mTORC1/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, the FAK/RhoA activator, toxin cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 (CNF1), reduces cell apoptosis, restores the cytoskeleton, FAs, NEPs, and nuclear positioning, and converts all of the above SMG-induced changes in molecular signaling in cells under SMG. Therefore, our data demonstrate that SMG reduces FAs and alters the cytoskeleton and nuclear positioning, leading to enhanced cell apoptosis via suppressing the FAK/RhoA-regulated mTORC1/NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways. The FAK/RhoA regulatory network may, thus, become a new target for the development of novel therapeutics for humans under spaceflight conditions with stressed physiological challenges, and for other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Rong Li
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Xin Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Cuihong Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Qin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Aizhang Xu
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Kiven Erique Lukong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Harald Genth
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jim Xiang
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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220
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Dorn T, Kornherr J, Parrotta EI, Zawada D, Ayetey H, Santamaria G, Iop L, Mastantuono E, Sinnecker D, Goedel A, Dirschinger RJ, My I, Laue S, Bozoglu T, Baarlink C, Ziegler T, Graf E, Hinkel R, Cuda G, Kääb S, Grace AA, Grosse R, Kupatt C, Meitinger T, Smith AG, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A. Interplay of cell-cell contacts and RhoA/MRTF-A signaling regulates cardiomyocyte identity. EMBO J 2018; 37:e98133. [PMID: 29764980 PMCID: PMC6003642 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions guide organ development and homeostasis by controlling lineage specification and maintenance, but the underlying molecular principles are largely unknown. Here, we show that in human developing cardiomyocytes cell-cell contacts at the intercalated disk connect to remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the RhoA-ROCK signaling to maintain an active MRTF/SRF transcriptional program essential for cardiomyocyte identity. Genetic perturbation of this mechanosensory pathway activates an ectopic fat gene program during cardiomyocyte differentiation, which ultimately primes the cells to switch to the brown/beige adipocyte lineage in response to adipogenesis-inducing signals. We also demonstrate by in vivo fate mapping and clonal analysis of cardiac progenitors that cardiac fat and a subset of cardiac muscle arise from a common precursor expressing Isl1 and Wt1 during heart development, suggesting related mechanisms of determination between the two lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Dorn
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Kornherr
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira I Parrotta
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dorota Zawada
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harold Ayetey
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Mastantuono
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Sinnecker
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Goedel
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf J Dirschinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilaria My
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Laue
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tarik Bozoglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tilman Ziegler
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- IPEK Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Klinikum der Universität München - Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München - Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew A Grace
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Grosse
- Pharmacology Institute, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Austin G Smith
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Ojiaku CA, Cao G, Zhu W, Yoo EJ, Shumyatcher M, Himes BE, An SS, Panettieri RA. TGF-β1 Evokes Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Shortening and Hyperresponsiveness via Smad3. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:575-584. [PMID: 28984468 PMCID: PMC5946330 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0247oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine whose levels are elevated in the airways of patients with asthma, perpetuates airway inflammation and modulates airway structural cell remodeling. However, the role of TGF-β1 in excessive airway narrowing in asthma, or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), remains unclear. In this study, we set out to investigate the direct effects of TGF-β1 on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell shortening and hyperresponsiveness. The dynamics of AHR and single-cell excitation-contraction coupling were measured in human precision-cut lung slices and in isolated HASM cells using supravital microscopy and magnetic twisting cytometry, respectively. In human precision-cut lung slices, overnight treatment with TGF-β1 significantly augmented basal and carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction. In isolated HASM cells, TGF-β1 increased basal and methacholine-induced cytoskeletal stiffness in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TGF-β1-induced single-cell contraction was corroborated by concomitant increases in myosin light chain and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 phosphorylation levels, which were attenuated by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Smad3 and pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase. Strikingly, these physiological effects of TGF-β1 occurred through a RhoA-independent mechanism, with little effect on HASM cell [Ca2+]i levels. Together, our data suggest that TGF-β1 enhances HASM excitation-contraction coupling pathways to induce HASM cell shortening and hyperresponsiveness. These findings reveal a potential link between airway injury-repair responses and bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma, and define TGF-β1 signaling as a potential target to reduce AHR in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A. Ojiaku
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Gaoyuan Cao
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Wanqu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and
| | - Edwin J. Yoo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Maya Shumyatcher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven S. An
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
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Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI) in mammals, severed axons fail to regenerate, due to both extrinsic inhibitory factors, e.g., the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and myelin-associated growth inhibitors (MAIs), and a developmental loss of intrinsic growth capacity. The latter is suggested by findings in lamprey that the 18 pairs of individually identified reticulospinal neurons vary greatly in their ability to regenerate their axons through the same spinal cord environment. Moreover, those neurons that are poor regenerators undergo very delayed apoptosis, and express common molecular markers after SCI. Thus the signaling pathways for retrograde cell death might converge with those inhibiting axon regeneration. Many extrinsic growth-inhibitory molecules activate RhoA, whereas inhibiting RhoA enhances axon growth. Whether RhoA also is involved in retrograde neuronal death after axotomy is less clear. Therefore, we cloned lamprey RhoA and correlated its mRNA expression and activation state with apoptosis signaling in identified reticulospinal neurons. RhoA mRNA was expressed widely in normal lamprey brain, and only slightly more in poorly-regenerating neurons than in good regenerators. However, within a day after spinal cord transection, RhoA mRNA was found in severed axon tips. Beginning at 5 days post-SCI RhoA mRNA was upregulated selectively in pre-apoptotic neuronal perikarya, as indicated by labelling with fluorescently labeled inhibitors of caspase activation (FLICA). After 2 weeks post-transection, RhoA expression decreased in the perikarya, and was translocated anterogradely into the axons. More striking than changes in RhoA mRNA levels, RhoA was continuously active selectively in FLICA-positive neurons through 9 weeks post-SCI. At that time, almost no neurons whose axons had regenerated were FLICA-positive. These findings are consistent with a role for RhoA activation in triggering retrograde neuronal death after SCI, and suggest that RhoA may be a point of convergence for inhibition of both axon regeneration and neuronal survival after axotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Zhang
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), USA
| | - Jianli Hu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), USA
| | - William Rodemer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), USA
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), USA; Dept. Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael E Selzer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), USA; Dept. of Neurology, USA.
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223
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Kim HJ, Lee WH, Kim MJ, Shin S, Jang B, Park JB, Wasco W, Buxbaum JD, Kim YS, Choi EK. Calsenilin, a Presenilin Interactor, Regulates RhoA Signaling and Neurite Outgrowth. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041196. [PMID: 29652865 PMCID: PMC5979497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsenilin modulates A-type potassium channels, regulates presenilin-mediated γ-secretase activity, and represses prodynorphin and c-fos genes expression. RhoA is involved in various cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, migration, transcription, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Although recent studies demonstrate that calsenilin can directly interact with RhoA and that RhoA inactivation is essential for neuritogenesis, it is uncertain whether there is a link between calsenilin and RhoA-regulated neuritogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of calsenilin in RhoA-regulated neuritogenesis using in vitro and in vivo systems. We found that calsenilin induced RhoA inactivation, which accompanied RhoA phosphorylation and the reduced phosphorylation levels of LIM kinase (LIMK) and cofilin. Interestingly, PC12 cells overexpressing either full-length (FL) or the caspase 3-derived C-terminal fragment (CTF) of calsenilin significantly inactivated RhoA through its interaction with RhoA and p190 Rho GTPase-activating protein (p190RhoGAP). In addition, cells expressing FL and the CTF of calsenilin had increased neurite outgrowth compared to cells expressing the N-terminal fragment (NTF) of calsenilin or vector alone. Moreover, Tat-C3 and Y27632 treatment significantly increased the percentage of neurite-bearing cells, neurite length, and the number of neurites in cells. Finally, calsenilin deficiency in the brains of calsenilin-knockout mice significantly interfered with RhoA inactivation. These findings suggest that calsenilin contributes to neuritogenesis through RhoA inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
| | - Won-Haeng Lee
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea.
| | - Mo-Jong Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea.
| | - Sunmee Shin
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
| | - Byungki Jang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea.
| | - Wilma Wasco
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Graduate School of Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea.
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224
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Li JR, Zhao YS, Chang Y, Yang SC, Guo YJ, Ji ES. Fasudil improves endothelial dysfunction in rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia through RhoA/ROCK/NFATc3 pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195604. [PMID: 29641598 PMCID: PMC5895022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is one of the main pathological changes in Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway is associated with endothelial dysfunction. However, the interaction between ROCK and nuclear factor of activated T cells isoform c3 (NFATc3) in the development of this pathological response under chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is unclear. To simulate the OSA model, we established a moderate CIH rat model by administering the fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) from 21% to 9%, 20 times/h, 8 h/day for 3 weeks. Fasudil (ROCK inhibitor, 8 mg/kg/d, i.p.) was administrated in the rats exposed to CIH for 3 weeks. Our results demonstrated that CIH caused significantly endothelial dysfunction, accompanying with increased ET-1 level, decreased eNOS expression and NO production, which reduced ACh-induced vascular relaxation responses. Moreover, RhoA/ROCK-2/NFATc3 expressions were up-regulated. Fasudil significantly improved CIH induced endothelial dysfunction. Data suggested that the ROCK activation is necessary for endothelial dysfunction during CIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ru Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Shuo Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yue Chang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Chang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jing Guo
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - En-Sheng Ji
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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225
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Dada O, Gutowski S, Brautigam CA, Chen Z, Sternweis PC. Direct regulation of p190RhoGEF by activated Rho and Rac GTPases. J Struct Biol 2018; 202:13-24. [PMID: 29196061 PMCID: PMC5835413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rho family GTPases regulate a wide range of cellular processes. This includes cellular dynamics where three subfamilies, Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, are known to regulate cell shape and migration though coordinate action. Activation of Rho proteins largely depends on Rho Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (RhoGEFs) through a catalytic Dbl homology (DH) domain linked to a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that subserves various functions. The PH domains from Lbc RhoGEFs, which specifically activate RhoA, have been shown to bind to activated RhoA. Here, p190RhoGEF is shown to also bind Rac1·GTP. Crystal structures reveal that activated Rac1 and RhoA use their effector-binding surfaces to associate with the same hydrophobic surface on the PH domain. Both activated RhoA and Rac1 can stimulate exchange of nucleotide on RhoA by localization of p190RhoGEF to its substrate, RhoA·GDP, in vitro. The binding of activated RhoA provides a mechanism for positive feedback regulation as previously proposed for the family of Lbc RhoGEFs. In contrast, the novel interaction between activated Rac1 and p190RhoGEF reveals a potential mechanism for cross-talk regulation where Rac can directly effect stimulation of RhoA. The greater capacity of Rac1 to stimulate p190RhoGEF among the Lbc RhoGEFs suggests functional specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbenga Dada
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Stephen Gutowski
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Chad A Brautigam
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Paul C Sternweis
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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226
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Pan Y, Jiang S, Hou Q, Qiu D, Shi J, Wang L, Chen Z, Zhang M, Duan A, Qin W, Zen K, Liu Z. Dissection of Glomerular Transcriptional Profile in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy: SRGAP2a Protects Podocyte Structure and Function. Diabetes 2018; 67:717-730. [PMID: 29242313 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes play a pivotal role in maintaining glomerular filtration function through their interdigitated foot processes. However, the mechanisms that govern the podocyte cytoskeletal rearrangement remain unclear. Through analyzing the transcriptional profile of renal biopsy specimens from patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and control donors, we identify SLIT-ROBO ρGTPase-activating protein 2a (SRGAP2a) as one of the main hub genes strongly associated with proteinuria and glomerular filtration in type 2 DN. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis revealed that human and mouse SRGAP2a is primarily localized at podocytes and largely colocalized with synaptopodin. Moreover, podocyte SRGAP2a is downregulated in patients with DN and db/db mice at both the mRNA and the protein level. SRGAP2a reduction is observed in cultured podocytes treated with tumor growth factor-β or high concentrations of glucose. Functional and mechanistic studies show that SRGAP2a suppresses podocyte motility through inactivating RhoA/Cdc42 but not Rac1. The protective role of SRGAP2a in podocyte function also is confirmed in zebrafish, in which knockdown of SRGAP2a, a SRGAP2 ortholog in zebrafish, recapitulates podocyte foot process effacement. Finally, increasing podocyte SRGAP2a levels in db/db mice through administration of adenovirus-expressing SRGAP2a significantly mitigates podocyte injury and proteinuria. The results demonstrate that SRGAP2a protects podocytes by suppressing podocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Hou
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingsong Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiping Duan
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weisong Qin
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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227
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Antoniellis Silveira AA, Dominical VM, Morelli Vital D, Alves Ferreira W, Trindade Maranhão Costa F, Werneck CC, Ferreira Costa F, Conran N. Attenuation of TNF-induced neutrophil adhesion by simvastatin is associated with the inhibition of Rho-GTPase activity, p50 activity and morphological changes. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:160-165. [PMID: 29604489 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil adhesion to the vasculature in response to potent inflammatory stimuli, such as TNF-α (TNF), can contribute to atheroprogression amongst other pathophysiological mechanisms. Previous studies have shown that simvastatin, a statin with known pleiotropic anti-inflammatory properties, can partially abrogate the effects of TNF-induced neutrophil adhesion, in association with the modulation of β2-integrin expression. We aimed to further characterize the effects of this statin on neutrophil and leukocyte adhesive mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. A microfluidic assay confirmed the ability of simvastatin to inhibit TNF-induced human neutrophil adhesion to fibronectin ligand under conditions of shear stress, while intravital imaging microscopy demonstrated an abrogation of leukocyte recruitment by simvastatin in the microvasculature of mice that had received a TNF stimulus. This inhibition of neutrophil adhesion was accompanied by the inhibition of TNF-induced RhoA activity in human neutrophils, and alterations in cell morphology and β2-integrin activity. Additionally, TNF augmented the activity of the p50 NFκB subunit in human neutrophils and TNF-induced neutrophil adhesion and β2-integrin activity could be abolished using pharmacological inhibitors of NFκB translocation, BAY11-7082 and SC514. Accordingly, the TNF-induced elevation of neutrophil p50 activity was abolished by simvastatin. In conclusion, our data provide further evidence of the ability of simvastatin to inhibit neutrophil adhesive interactions in response to inflammatory stimuli, both in vivo and in vitro. Simvastatin appears to inhibit neutrophil adhesion by interfering in TNF-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements, in association with the inhibition of Rho A activity, NFκB translocation and, consequently, β2-integrin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venina Marcela Dominical
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daiana Morelli Vital
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Alves Ferreira
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Trindade Maranhão Costa
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases - Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology (IB), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Claudio C Werneck
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicola Conran
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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228
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Abstract
Our previous study have reported that 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) suppresses seawater aspiration-induced ALI in vitro and in vivo. We also have confirmed that treatment with calcitriol ameliorates seawater aspiration-induced inflammation and pulmonary edema via the inhibition of NF-κB and RhoA/Rho kinase pathway activation. In our further work, we investigated the effect of calcitriol on nuclear translocation of NF-κB and membrane translocation of RhoA in vitro. A549 cells and rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (RPMVECs) were cultured with calcitriol or not for 48 h and then stimulated with 25% seawater for 40 min. After these treatments, cells were collected and performed with immunofluorescent staining to observe the translocation of NF-κB and RhoA and the cytoskeleton remodeling. In vitro, seawater stimulation activates nuclear translocation of NF-κB and membrane translocation of RhoA in A549 cells. In addition, seawater administration also induced cytoskeleton remodeling in A549 cells and RPMVECs. However, pretreatment with calcitriol significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB and RhoA/Rho kinase pathways, as demonstrated by the reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and membrane translocation of RhoA in A549 cells. Meanwhile, treatment of calcitriol also regulated the cytoskeleton remodeling in both A549 cells and RPMVECs. These results demonstrated that treatment with calcitriol ameliorates seawater aspiration-induced ALI via inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-κB and membrane translocation of RhoA and protection of alveolar epithelial and pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlong Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Faguang Jin
- Department of Respiration, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China.
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229
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Pagnin E, Ravarotto V, Maiolino G, Naso E, Davis PA, Calò LA. Gαq/p63RhoGEF interaction in RhoA/Rho kinase signaling: investigation in Gitelman's syndrome and implications with hypertension. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:351-356. [PMID: 28840514 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gitelman's syndrome (GS) presents normo-hypotension and absence of cardiovascular-renal remodeling despite high angiotensin II (Ang II), activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and is a human model of endogenous antagonism of Ang II signaling, opposite to hypertension. GS's clinical presentation leads to questions regarding what features might be responsible. One area of investigation involves Ang II signaling. In hypertensive patients, RhoA/Rho kinase (RhoA/ROCK) pathway activation by Ang II is involved in hypertension development/maintenance and induction of long-term consequences (cardiovascular-renal remodeling), while GS has reduced p63RhoGEF gene and protein levels and ROCK activity. Ang II signaling is mediated by Gαq, which interacts with p63RhoGEF via the α6-αN linker connecting p63RhoGEF's DH and PH domains acting as a conformational switch to activate RhoA/ROCK signaling. METHODS We have investigated in GS patients, the presence of mutations in either p63RhoGEF's α6-αN linker domain and in Gαq's Ala253, Trp263, and Tyr356 residues, crucial for p63RhoGEF-Gαq interplay. RESULTS No mutations have been found in specific aminoacids of p63RhoGEF α6-αN linker and Gαq, key for p63RhoGEF/Gαq interplay. CONCLUSIONS Gitelman's syndrome normo/hypotension and lack of cardiovascular-renal remodeling are not due to mutations of p63RhoGEF α6-αN linker and Gαq interactions. This opens the way for investigations on different coding and no-coding regions (p63RhoGEF and Gαq promoters) and on altered transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulation. Clarification of how these biochemical/molecular mechanisms work/interact would provide insights into mechanisms involved in the GS's Ang II signaling fine tuning, in human physiology/pathophysiology in general and could also identify significant targets for intervention in the treatments of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pagnin
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - V Ravarotto
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - G Maiolino
- Hypertension, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - E Naso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - P A Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - L A Calò
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Nephrology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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García-Mariscal A, Li H, Pedersen E, Peyrollier K, Ryan KM, Stanley A, Quondamatteo F, Brakebusch C. Loss of RhoA promotes skin tumor formation and invasion by upregulation of RhoB. Oncogene 2018; 37:847-860. [PMID: 29059167 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular movement is controlled by small GTPases, such as RhoA. Although migration is crucial for cancer cell invasion, the specific role of RhoA in tumor formation is unclear. Inducing skin tumors in mice with a keratinocyte-restricted loss of RhoA, we observed increased tumor frequency, growth and invasion. In vitro invasion assays revealed that in the absence of RhoA cell invasiveness is increased in a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) activation and cell contraction-dependent manner. Surprisingly, loss of RhoA causes increased Rho signaling via overcompensation by RhoB because of reduced lysosomal degradation of RhoB in Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP)+ autophagosomes and endosomes. In the absence of RhoA, RhoB relocalized to the plasma membrane and functionally replaced RhoA with respect to invasion, clonogenic growth and survival. Our data demonstrate for the first time that RhoA is a tumor suppressor in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate skin carcinogenesis and identify Rho signaling dependent on RhoA and RhoB as a potent driver of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Mariscal
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Li
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Pedersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Peyrollier
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - A Stanley
- Skin and Extracellular Matrix Research Group, Anatomy, NUI, Galway, Ireland
| | - F Quondamatteo
- Skin and Extracellular Matrix Research Group, Anatomy, NUI, Galway, Ireland
| | - C Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cortes JR, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Couronné L, Quinn SA, Kim CS, da Silva Almeida AC, West Z, Belver L, Martin MS, Scourzic L, Bhagat G, Bernard OA, Ferrando AA, Palomero T. RHOA G17V Induces T Follicular Helper Cell Specification and Promotes Lymphomagenesis. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:259-273.e7. [PMID: 29398449 PMCID: PMC5811310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive tumor derived from malignant transformation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. AITL is characterized by loss-of-function mutations in Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 (TET2) epigenetic tumor suppressor and a highly recurrent mutation (p.Gly17Val) in the RHOA small GTPase. Yet, the specific role of RHOA G17V in AITL remains unknown. Expression of Rhoa G17V in CD4+ T cells induces Tfh cell specification; increased proliferation associated with inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) upregulation and increased phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Moreover, RHOA G17V expression together with Tet2 loss resulted in development of AITL in mice. Importantly, Tet2-/-RHOA G17V tumor proliferation in vivo can be inhibited by ICOS/PI3K-specific blockade, supporting a driving role for ICOS signaling in Tfh cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Cortes
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Lucile Couronné
- Department of Adult Hematology, Necker Hospital, Paris 75993, France; INSERM U 1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Institut Imagine, Paris 75015, France; Paris Descartes University, Paris 75006, France
| | - S Aidan Quinn
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christine S Kim
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Zachary West
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Laurianne Scourzic
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; INSERM U1170, Villejuif 94805, France; Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, ICRC-401B, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Olivier A Bernard
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; INSERM U1170, Villejuif 94805, France; Université Paris-Sud, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, ICRC-401B, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Teresa Palomero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, ICRC-401B, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Pelleieux S, Picard C, Lamarre-Théroux L, Dea D, Leduc V, Tsantrizos YS, Poirier J. Isoprenoids and tau pathology in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 65:132-139. [PMID: 29476987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway has been described to play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) physiopathology. Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) are nonsterol isoprenoids derived from mevalonate, which serve as precursors to numerous human metabolites. They facilitate protein prenylation; hFPP and hGGPP synthases act as gateway enzymes to the prenylation of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)ase proteins such as RhoA and cdc42 that have been shown to facilitate phospho-tau (p-Tau, i.e., protein tau phosphorylated) production in the brain. In this study, a significant positive correlation was observed between the synthases mRNA prevalence and disease status (FPPS, p < 0.001, n = 123; GGPPS, p < 0.001, n = 122). The levels of mRNA for hFPPS and hGGPPS were found to significantly correlate with the amount of p-Tau protein levels (p < 0.05, n = 34) and neurofibrillary tangle density (p < 0.05, n = 39) in the frontal cortex. Interestingly, high levels of hFPPS and hGGPPS mRNA prevalence are associated with earlier age of onset in AD (p < 0.05, n = 58). Together, these results suggest that accumulation of p-Tau in the AD brain is related, at least in part, to increased levels of neuronal isoprenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pelleieux
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cynthia Picard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Doris Dea
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valérie Leduc
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Youla S Tsantrizos
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Center for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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233
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Ulu A, Oh W, Zuo Y, Frost JA. Stress-activated MAPKs and CRM1 regulate the subcellular localization of Net1A to control cell motility and invasion. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs204644. [PMID: 29361525 PMCID: PMC5826041 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1A (Net1A, an isoform of Net1) is a RhoA subfamily guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that localizes to the nucleus in the absence of stimulation, preventing it from activating RhoA. Once relocalized in the cytosol, Net1A stimulates cell motility and extracellular matrix invasion. In the present work, we investigated mechanisms responsible for the cytosolic relocalization of Net1A. We demonstrate that inhibition of MAPK pathways blocks Net1A relocalization, with cells being most sensitive to JNK pathway inhibition. Moreover, activation of the JNK or p38 MAPK family pathway is sufficient to elicit Net1A cytosolic localization. Net1A relocalization stimulated by EGF or JNK activation requires nuclear export mediated by CRM1. JNK1 (also known as MAPK8) phosphorylates Net1A on serine 52, and alanine substitution at this site prevents Net1A relocalization caused by EGF or JNK activation. Glutamic acid substitution at this site is sufficient for Net1A relocalization and results in elevated RhoA signaling to stimulate myosin light chain 2 (MLC2, also known as MYL2) phosphorylation and F-actin accumulation. Net1A S52E expression stimulates cell motility, enables Matrigel invasion and promotes invadopodia formation. These data highlight a novel mechanism for controlling the subcellular localization of Net1A to regulate RhoA activation, cell motility, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wonkyung Oh
- DNA Repair Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Zuo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Frost
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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234
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Schrade K, Tröger J, Eldahshan A, Zühlke K, Abdul Azeez KR, Elkins JM, Neuenschwander M, Oder A, Elkewedi M, Jaksch S, Andrae K, Li J, Fernandes J, Müller PM, Grunwald S, Marino SF, Vukićević T, Eichhorst J, Wiesner B, Weber M, Kapiloff M, Rocks O, Daumke O, Wieland T, Knapp S, von Kries JP, Klussmann E. An AKAP-Lbc-RhoA interaction inhibitor promotes the translocation of aquaporin-2 to the plasma membrane of renal collecting duct principal cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191423. [PMID: 29373579 PMCID: PMC5786306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of renal collecting duct principal cells with antidiuretic hormone (arginine-vasopressin, AVP) results in inhibition of the small GTPase RhoA and the enrichment of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the plasma membrane. The membrane insertion facilitates water reabsorption from primary urine and fine-tuning of body water homeostasis. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with RhoA, catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP and thereby activate the GTPase. However, GEFs involved in the control of AQP2 in renal principal cells are unknown. The A-kinase anchoring protein, AKAP-Lbc, possesses GEF activity, specifically activates RhoA, and is expressed in primary renal inner medullary collecting duct principal (IMCD) cells. Through screening of 18,431 small molecules and synthesis of a focused library around one of the hits, we identified an inhibitor of the interaction of AKAP-Lbc and RhoA. This molecule, Scaff10-8, bound to RhoA, inhibited the AKAP-Lbc-mediated RhoA activation but did not interfere with RhoA activation through other GEFs or activities of other members of the Rho family of small GTPases, Rac1 and Cdc42. Scaff10-8 promoted the redistribution of AQP2 from intracellular vesicles to the periphery of IMCD cells. Thus, our data demonstrate an involvement of AKAP-Lbc-mediated RhoA activation in the control of AQP2 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schrade
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Tröger
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Adeeb Eldahshan
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Zühlke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan M. Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andreas Oder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohamed Elkewedi
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Jaksch
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jinliang Li
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Joao Fernandes
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Markus Müller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Grunwald
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen F. Marino
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Vukićević
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Eichhorst
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Wiesner
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kapiloff
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States of America
| | - Oliver Rocks
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- DKTK (German Cancer Center Network), partner site Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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235
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Zhang Q, Nguyen PD, Shi S, Burrell JC, Xu Q, Cullen KD, Le AD. Neural Crest Stem-Like Cells Non-genetically Induced from Human Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Facial Nerve Regeneration in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6965-6983. [PMID: 29372546 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-genetic induction of somatic cells into neural crest stem-like cells (NCSCs) is promising for potential cell-based therapies for post-traumatic peripheral nerve regeneration. Here, we report that human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) could be reproducibly and readily induced into NCSCs via non-genetic approaches. Compared to parental GMSCs, induced NCSC population had increased expression in NCSC-related genes and displayed robust differentiation into neuronal and Schwann-like cells. Knockdown of the expression of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a critical mechanosensor and mechanotransducer, attenuated the expression of NCSC-related genes; specific blocking of RhoA/ROCK activity and non-muscle myosin II (NM II)-dependent contraction suppressed YAP1 and NCSC-related genes and concurrently abolished neural spheroid formation in NCSCs. Using a rat model of facial nerve defect, implantation of NCSC-laden nerve conduits promoted functional regeneration of the injured nerve. These promising findings demonstrate that induced NCSCs derived from GMSCs represent an easily accessible and promising source of neural stem-like cells for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Phuong D Nguyen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shihong Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Justin C Burrell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3320 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qilin Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kacy D Cullen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3320 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anh D Le
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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236
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Zainal NS, Gan CP, Lau BF, Yee PS, Tiong KH, Abdul Rahman ZA, Patel V, Cheong SC. Zerumbone targets the CXCR4-RhoA and PI3K-mTOR signaling axis to reduce motility and proliferation of oral cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2018; 39:33-41. [PMID: 29433681 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CXCR4-RhoA and PI3K-mTOR signaling pathways play crucial roles in the dissemination and tumorigenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Activation of these pathways have made them promising molecular targets in the treatment of OSCC. Zerumbone, a bioactive monocyclic sesquiterpene isolated from the rhizomes of tropical ginger, Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. has displayed promising anticancer properties with the ability to modulate multiple molecular targets involved in carcinogenesis. While the anticancer activities of zerumbone have been well explored across different types of cancer, the molecular mechanism of action of zerumbone in OSCC remains largely unknown. PURPOSE Here, we investigated whether OSCC cells were sensitive towards zerumbone treatment and further determined the molecular pathways involved in the mechanism of action. METHODS Cytotoxicity, anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects of zerumbone were tested on a panel of OSCC cell lines. The mechanism of action of zerumbone was investigated by analysing the effects on the CXCR4-RhoA and PI3K-mTOR pathways by western blotting. RESULTS Our panel of OSCC cells was broadly sensitive towards zerumbone with IC50 values of less than 5 µM whereas normal keratinocyte cells were less responsive with IC50 values of more than 25 µM. Representative OSCC cells revealed that zerumbone inhibited OSCC proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, zerumbone treatment inhibited migration and invasion of OSCC cells, with concurrent suppression of endogenous CXCR4 protein expression in a time and dose-dependent manner. RhoA-pull down assay showed reduction in the expression of RhoA-GTP, suggesting the inactivation of RhoA by zerumbone. In association with this, zerumbone also inhibited the PI3K-mTOR pathway through the inactivation of Akt and S6 proteins. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that zerumbone could inhibit the activation of CXCR4-RhoA and PI3K-mTOR signaling pathways leading to the reduced cell viability of OSCC cells. Our results suggest that zerumbone is a promising phytoagent for development of new therapeutics for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syafinaz Zainal
- Cancer Research Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan SS12/1A, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chai Phei Gan
- Cancer Research Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan SS12/1A, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Beng Fye Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei San Yee
- Cancer Research Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan SS12/1A, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kai Hung Tiong
- Cancer Research Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan SS12/1A, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Oral Cancer Research and Co-ordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman
- Oral Cancer Research and Co-ordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Dept of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan SS12/1A, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Cancer Research Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan SS12/1A, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Dept of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Abstract
Blood flow regulation of normal cerebral arteries is a critical and important factor to supply the brain tissue with nutrients and oxygen. Stroke insult results in a disruption or reduction in cerebral arteries' blood flow with subsequent brain tissue damage. Hemorrhagic stroke is one type of stroke and accounts for about 13 % of all of stroke insults. In this type of stroke, the cerebral artery breaks open and causes bleeding in or surrounding the brain. Subsequently, this bleeding causes blood vessels to constrict in a process called vasospasm, in which the vessels narrow and impede the blood flow to brain tissue. Hemorrhagic stroke is the major cause of prolonged constriction of cerebral arteries. This leads to partial brain damage and sometimes death in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Among the key delicate techniques to assess small blood vessel functionality is the wire myograph, which can be utilized in several cerebral injury models including stroke. The wire myograph is a device that provides information about the reactivity, stiffness, and elasticity of small blood vessels under isometric conditions. In this book chapter, we describe the techniques involved in wire myography assessment and the different measures and parameters recorded; we describe the utility of this technique in evaluating the effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage on basilar artery sensitivity to different agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Ghantous
- Department of Anatomy, Cell biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, DTS-255, 11-0236, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Azrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Abdel Rahman
- Department of Anatomy, Cell biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, DTS-255, 11-0236, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hana A Itani
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, DTS-255, 11-0236, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.
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Weber MM, Faris R, van Schaik EJ, Samuel JE. Identification and characterization of arginine finger-like motifs, and endosome-lysosome basolateral sorting signals within the Coxiella burnetii type IV secreted effector protein CirA. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:302-307. [PMID: 29331581 PMCID: PMC6021133 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular pathogen that replicates in an endolysosome-like compartment termed the Coxiella-containing vacuole (CCV). Formation of this unique replicative niche requires delivery of bacterial effector proteins into the host cytosol where they mediate crucial interactions with the host. We previously identified an essential Dot/Icm effector, CirA that is required for intracellular replication and CCV formation. Furthermore, CirA was shown to stimulate the GTPase activity of RhoA in vitro. In the current study, we used a bioinformatics-guided approach and identified three arginine finger-like motifs, often found in Rho GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and endosome-lysosome basolateral sorting signals associated with vesicle trafficking. When expressed in mammalian cells, mutation of either endosome-lysosome-basolateral sorting signals or the arginine finger-like motifs rescued stress phenotypes and decreased plasma membrane localization of ectopically expressed CirA. We further demonstrate that endosome-lysosome sorting signals are required for co-localization with Rab5 and Rab7. Collectively our data indicate that arginine finger-like motifs and endosome-lysosome-basolateral sorting signals within CirA are essential for interaction with the host cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Weber
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Robert Faris
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Erin J van Schaik
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - James E Samuel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
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Abstract
Rho GTPases such as the canonical Rac1 and RhoA are embedded within complex networks requiring the precise spatiotemporal balance of GEFs, GAPs, upstream regulators, growth factors, and downstream effectors. A modeling approach based on Boolean logical networks is becoming an increasingly relied-upon tool to harness this complexity and elucidate further details regarding Rho GTPase signaling. In this methods chapter we describe how to initially create appropriately sized networks based on literature evidence; formalize these networks with reactions based on Boolean logical operators; implement the network into appropriate simulation software (CellNetAnalyzer); and finally perform simulations and make novel, testable predictions via in silico knockouts. Given this predictive power, the Boolean approach may ultimately help to highlight potential future avenues of experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H R Hetmanski
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Yan Z, Shen D, Liao J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Shi G, Gao F. Hypoxia Suppresses TGF-B1-Induced Cardiac Myocyte Myofibroblast Transformation by Inhibiting Smad2/3 and Rhoa Signaling Pathways. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 45:250-257. [PMID: 29357322 DOI: 10.1159/000486771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hypoxia modulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)- β-induced signaling during myofibroblast transformation is dependent on the specific cell type. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of hypoxia on myofibroblast transformation of TGF-β1-induced cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells. METHODS H9c2 cells were cultured for intermittent hypoxia treatment and TGF-β1 treatment. α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was examined by western blotting and immunofluorescence after treatment. To further explore the possible mechanism for this effect, the effects of hypoxia on three early TGF-β-dependent signaling pathways, i.e. the Smad2/3, RhoA and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, were screened by western blotting. RESULTS Intermittent hypoxia induced TGF-β1 expression, but had no effect on α-SMA expression. Exogenous TGF-β1 alone upregulated α-SMA expression in H9c2 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. α-SMA expression declined with the duration of hypoxia after intermittent hypoxia and exogenous TGF-β1 co-treatment. Phospho-JNK and phospho-p38 levels were not significantly altered after TGF-β1 and hypoxia treatment. However, levels of phospho-ERK increased after TGF-β1 treatment and continued to increase after hypoxia co-treatment. The activation of phospho-Smad2/3 and phospho-RhoA induced by TGFβ1 was significantly reduced after hypoxia co-treatment. CONCLUSION Hypoxia can inhibit TGF-β1-induced H9c2 myofibroblast transformation, based on inhibition of α-SMA expression by suppressing signaling downstream of TGF-β1, Smad2/3 and RhoA. It suggested that TGF-β-mediated cardiomyocyte transformation is not involved in hypoxia-mediated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhankui Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Daifei Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jilin Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Fenfei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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241
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Dopeso H, Rodrigues P, Bilic J, Bazzocco S, Cartón-García F, Macaya I, de Marcondes PG, Anguita E, Masanas M, Jiménez-Flores LM, Martínez-Barriocanal Á, Nieto R, Segura MF, Schwartz Jr S, Mariadason JM, Arango D. Mechanisms of inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene RHOA in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:106-116. [PMID: 29206819 PMCID: PMC5765235 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced RHOA signalling has been shown to increase the growth/metastatic potential of colorectal tumours. However, the mechanisms of inactivation of RHOA signalling in colon cancer have not been characterised. METHODS A panel of colorectal cancer cell lines and large cohorts of primary tumours were used to investigate the expression and activity of RHOA, as well as the presence of RHOA mutations/deletions and promoter methylation affecting RHOA. Changes in RHOA expression were assessed by western blotting and qPCR after modulation of microRNAs, SMAD4 and c-MYC. RESULTS We show here that RHOA point mutations and promoter hypermethylation do not significantly contribute to the large variability of RHOA expression observed among colorectal tumours. However, RHOA copy number loss was observed in 16% of colorectal tumours and this was associated with reduced RHOA expression. Moreover, we show that miR-200a/b/429 downregulates RHOA in colorectal cancer cells. In addition, we found that TGF-β/SMAD4 upregulates the RHOA promoter. Conversely, RHOA expression is transcriptionally downregulated by canonical Wnt signalling through the Wnt target gene c-MYC that interferes with the binding of SP1 to the RHOA promoter in colon cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a complex pattern of inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene RHOA in colon cancer cells through genetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Higinio Dopeso
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Paulo Rodrigues
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Josipa Bilic
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Sarah Bazzocco
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Fernando Cartón-García
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Irati Macaya
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Priscila Guimarães de Marcondes
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Estefanía Anguita
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Marc Masanas
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Lizbeth M Jiménez-Flores
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Águeda Martínez-Barriocanal
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Rocío Nieto
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Miguel F Segura
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Simo Schwartz Jr
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona 08035, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - John M Mariadason
- La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Diego Arango
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona 08035, Spain
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Abstract
SummaryInhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase are widely used in the management and prevention of cardiovascular disease. In addition to its major activity, plasma lipid lowering, statins have shown a wide spectrum of additional effects that may contribute to their benefits in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to study whether treatment with a statin, pravastatin, could reduce thrombosis triggered by damaged vessels without changing plasma cholesterol levels. A cholesterol-clamp animal model was developed by feeding swine for 100 days on an hypercholesterolemic (HL) diet; in the last 50 days, they were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (HLC) or pravastatin (5mg . kg−1. day−1) (HLP) in addition to the hypercholesterolemic diet. A normocholesterolemic control group (NLC) was simultaneously studied. There were no significant differences in total cholesterol, LDL and HDL plasma levels between the two groups; however, mural thrombosis triggered by both an eroded and disrupted vessel wall was significantly inhibited by pravastatin (P<0.05). Axial dependence analysis of platelet deposition revealed that pravastatin treatment reduced the increase in platelet deposition associated to the shear rate increase at the stenosis. Additionally, pravastatin treatment significantly reduced platelet membrane RhoA expression (P <0.05) and vascular wall tissue factor (TF) protein expression (P <0.05). In addition to its lipid lowering effects, pravastatin can reduce blood thrombogenicity by mechanisms independent of plasma cholesterol lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Chen MC, Tsai YC, Tseng JH, Liou JJ, Horng S, Wen HC, Fan YC, Zhong WB, Hsu SP. Simvastatin Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration in Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122690. [PMID: 29236027 PMCID: PMC5751292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant human anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is pertinacious to conventional therapies. The present study investigated the anti-cancer activity of simvastatin and its underlying regulatory mechanism in cultured ATC cells. Simvastatin (0–20 μM) concentration-dependently reduced cell viability and relative colony formation. Depletions of mevalonate (MEV) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp) by simvastatin induced G1 arrest and increased apoptotic cell populations at the sub-G1 phase. Adding MEV and GGpp prevented the simvastatin-inhibited cell proliferation. Immunoblotting analysis illustrated that simvastatin diminished the activation of RhoA and Rac1 protein, and this effect was prevented by pre-treatment with MEV and GGpp. Simvastatin increased the levels of p21cip and p27kip proteins and reduced the levels of hyperphosphorylated-Rb, E2F1 and CCND1 proteins. Adding GGpp abolished the simvastatin-increased levels of p27kip protein, and the GGpp-caused effect was abolished by Skp2 inhibition. Introduction of Cyr61 siRNA into ATC cells prevented the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-enhanced cell migration. The EGF-induced increases of Cyr61 protein expression and cell migration were prevented by simvastatin. Taken together, these results suggest that simvastatin induced ATC proliferation inhibition through the deactivation of RhoA/Rac1 protein and overexpression of p21cip and p27kip, and migration inhibition through the abrogation of Cyr61 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chieh Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Chin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Ho Tseng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jr-Jiun Liou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Steve Horng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Heng-Ching Wen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ching Fan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Bin Zhong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Katrancha SM, Wu Y, Zhu M, Eipper BA, Koleske AJ, Mains RE. Neurodevelopmental disease-associated de novo mutations and rare sequence variants affect TRIO GDP/GTP exchange factor activity. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4728-4740. [PMID: 28973398 PMCID: PMC5886096 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability are complex neurodevelopmental disorders, debilitating millions of people. Therapeutic progress is limited by poor understanding of underlying molecular pathways. Using a targeted search, we identified an enrichment of de novo mutations in the gene encoding the 330-kDa triple functional domain (TRIO) protein associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. By generating multiple TRIO antibodies, we show that the smaller TRIO9 isoform is the major brain protein product, and its levels decrease after birth. TRIO9 contains two guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domains with distinct specificities: GEF1 activates both Rac1 and RhoG; GEF2 activates RhoA. To understand the impact of disease-associated de novo mutations and other rare sequence variants on TRIO function, we utilized two FRET-based biosensors: a Rac1 biosensor to study mutations in TRIO (T)GEF1, and a RhoA biosensor to study mutations in TGEF2. We discovered that one autism-associated de novo mutation in TGEF1 (K1431M), at the TGEF1/Rac1 interface, markedly decreased its overall activity toward Rac1. A schizophrenia-associated rare sequence variant in TGEF1 (F1538Intron) was substantially less active, normalized to protein level and expressed poorly. Overall, mutations in TGEF1 decreased GEF1 activity toward Rac1. One bipolar disorder-associated rare variant (M2145T) in TGEF2 impaired inhibition by the TGEF2 pleckstrin-homology domain, resulting in dramatically increased TGEF2 activity. Overall, genetic damage to both TGEF domains altered TRIO catalytic activity, decreasing TGEF1 activity and increasing TGEF2 activity. Importantly, both GEF changes are expected to decrease neurite outgrowth, perhaps consistent with their association with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Katrancha
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program
- Department of Neuroscience
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Minsheng Zhu
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Department of Neuroscience
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program
- Department of Neuroscience
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Yoo EJ, Cao G, Koziol‐White CJ, Ojiaku CA, Sunder K, Jude JA, Michael JV, Lam H, Pushkarsky I, Damoiseaux R, Di Carlo D, Ahn K, An SS, Penn RB, Panettieri RA. Gα 12 facilitates shortening in human airway smooth muscle by modulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mediated activation in a RhoA-dependent manner. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4383-4395. [PMID: 28921504 PMCID: PMC5715591 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE PI3K-dependent activation of Rho kinase (ROCK) is necessary for agonist-induced human airway smooth muscle cell (HASMC) contraction, and inhibition of PI3K promotes bronchodilation of human small airways. The mechanisms driving agonist-mediated PI3K/ROCK axis activation, however, remain unclear. Given that G12 family proteins activate ROCK pathways in other cell types, their role in M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-stimulated PI3K/ROCK activation and contraction was examined. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gα12 coupling was evaluated using co-immunoprecipitation and serum response element (SRE)-luciferase reporter assays. siRNA and pharmacological approaches, as well as overexpression of a regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins were applied in HASMCs. Phosphorylation levels of Akt, myosin phosphatase targeting subunit-1 (MYPT1), and myosin light chain-20 (MLC) were measured. Contraction and shortening were evaluated using magnetic twisting cytometry (MTC) and micro-pattern deformation, respectively. Human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS) were utilized to evaluate bronchoconstriction. KEY RESULTS Knockdown of M3 receptors or Gα12 attenuated activation of Akt, MYPT1, and MLC phosphorylation. Gα12 coimmunoprecipitated with M3 receptors, and p115RhoGEF-RGS overexpression inhibited carbachol-mediated induction of SRE-luciferase reporter. p115RhoGEF-RGS overexpression inhibited carbachol-induced activation of Akt, HASMC contraction, and shortening. Moreover, inhibition of RhoA blunted activation of PI3K. Lastly, RhoA inhibitors induced dilation of hPCLS. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Gα12 plays a crucial role in HASMC contraction via RhoA-dependent activation of the PI3K/ROCK axis. Inhibition of RhoA activation induces bronchodilation in hPCLS, and targeting Gα12 signaling may elucidate novel therapeutic targets in asthma. These findings provide alternative approaches to the clinical management of airway obstruction in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J Yoo
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health InstituteRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Gaoyuan Cao
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health InstituteRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Cynthia J Koziol‐White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health InstituteRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Christie A Ojiaku
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health InstituteRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Krishna Sunder
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health InstituteRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Joseph A Jude
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health InstituteRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - James V Michael
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung CenterThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Hong Lam
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Ivan Pushkarsky
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medicinal PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kwangmi Ahn
- National Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Steven S An
- Department of Environmental Health and EngineeringJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung CenterThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health InstituteRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
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Ito S, Okuda S, Abe M, Fujimoto M, Onuki T, Nishimura T, Takeichi M. Induced cortical tension restores functional junctions in adhesion-defective carcinoma cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1834. [PMID: 29184140 PMCID: PMC5705652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal epithelial cells are stably connected to each other via the apical junctional complex (AJC). AJCs, however, tend to be disrupted during tumor progression, and this process is implicated in cancer dissemination. Here, using colon carcinoma cells that fail to form AJCs, we investigated molecular defects behind this failure through a search for chemical compounds that could restore AJCs, and found that microtubule-polymerization inhibitors (MTIs) were effective. MTIs activated GEF-H1/RhoA signaling, causing actomyosin contraction at the apical cortex. This contraction transmitted force to the cadherin-catenin complex, resulting in a mechanosensitive recruitment of vinculin to cell junctions. This process, in turn, recruited PDZ-RhoGEF to the junctions, leading to the RhoA/ROCK/LIM kinase/cofilin-dependent stabilization of the junctions. RhoGAP depletion mimicked these MTI-mediated processes. Cells that normally organize AJCs did not show such MTI/RhoA sensitivity. Thus, advanced carcinoma cells require elevated RhoA activity for establishing robust junctions, which triggers tension-sensitive reorganization of actin/adhesion regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Ito
- Laboratory for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Patterning, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Satoru Okuda
- Laboratoty for In Vitro Histogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masako Abe
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, Drug Discovery Platforms Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mari Fujimoto
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, Drug Discovery Platforms Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Onuki
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, Drug Discovery Platforms Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tamako Nishimura
- Laboratory for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Patterning, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeichi
- Laboratory for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Patterning, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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Reinhard NR, Mastop M, Yin T, Wu Y, Bosma EK, Gadella TWJ, Goedhart J, Hordijk PL. The balance between Gα i-Cdc42/Rac and Gα 12/ 13-RhoA pathways determines endothelial barrier regulation by sphingosine-1-phosphate. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3371-3382. [PMID: 28954861 PMCID: PMC5687037 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioactive sphingosine-1-phosphatephosphate (S1P) is present in plasma, bound to carrier proteins, and involved in many physiological processes, including angiogenesis, inflammatory responses, and vascular stabilization. S1P can bind to several G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activating a number of different signaling networks. At present, the dynamics and relative importance of signaling events activated immediately downstream of GPCR activation are unclear. To examine these, we used a set of fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensors for different RhoGTPases (Rac1, RhoA/B/C, and Cdc42) as well as for heterotrimeric G-proteins in a series of live-cell imaging experiments in primary human endothelial cells. These experiments were accompanied by biochemical GTPase activity assays and transendothelial resistance measurements. We show that S1P promotes cell spreading and endothelial barrier function through S1PR1-Gαi-Rac1 and S1PR1-Gαi-Cdc42 pathways. In parallel, a S1PR2-Gα12/13-RhoA pathway is activated that can induce cell contraction and loss of barrier function, but only if Gαi-mediated signaling is suppressed. Our results suggest that Gαq activity is not involved in S1P-mediated regulation of barrier integrity. Moreover, we show that early activation of RhoA by S1P inactivates Rac1 but not Cdc42, and vice versa. Together, our data show that the rapid S1P-induced increase in endothelial integrity is mediated by a S1PR1-Gαi-Cdc42 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie R Reinhard
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Molecular Cell Biology and
- University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre-Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke Mastop
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taofei Yin
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Yi Wu
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Esmeralda K Bosma
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theodorus W J Gadella
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Molecular Cell Biology and
- University of Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre-Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Free University Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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248
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Kim JG, Choi KC, Hong CW, Park HS, Choi EK, Kim YS, Park JB. Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA GTPase promotes tumorigenesis through nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:69-83. [PMID: 28712859 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms for ROS in tumorigenesis have not been well established. In this study, hydrogen peroxide activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and RhoA GTPase. In particular, we found that hydrogen peroxide lead to phosphorylation of RhoA at Tyr42 via tyrosine kinase Src. Phospho-Tyr42 (p-Tyr42) residue of RhoA is a binding site for Vav2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which then activates p-Tyr42 form of RhoA. P-Tyr42 RhoA then binds to IκB kinase γ (IKKγ), leading to IKKβ activation. Furthermore, RhoA WT and phospho-mimic RhoA, RhoA Y42E, both promoted tumorigenesis, whereas the dephospho-mimic RhoA, RhoA Y42F suppressed it. In addition, hydrogen peroxide induced NF-κB activation and cell proliferation, along with expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1 in the presence of RhoA WT and RhoA Y42E, but not RhoA Y42F. Indeed, levels of p-Tyr42 Rho, p-Src, and p-65 are significantly increased in human breast cancer tissues and show correlations between each of the two components. Conclusively, the posttranslational modification of as RhoA p-Tyr42 may be essential for promoting tumorigenesis in response to generation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chuncheon Sacred Hospital Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwee-Seon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14066, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Differentiation and Ageing, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.
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249
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Bischof J, Brand CA, Somogyi K, Májer I, Thome S, Mori M, Schwarz US, Lénárt P. A cdk1 gradient guides surface contraction waves in oocytes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:849. [PMID: 29021609 PMCID: PMC5636809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface contraction waves (SCWs) in oocytes and embryos lead to large-scale shape changes coupled to cell cycle transitions and are spatially coordinated with the cell axis. Here, we show that SCWs in the starfish oocyte are generated by a traveling band of myosin II-driven cortical contractility. At the front of the band, contractility is activated by removal of cdk1 inhibition of the RhoA/RhoA kinase/myosin II signaling module, while at the rear, contractility is switched off by negative feedback originating downstream of RhoA kinase. The SCW's directionality and speed are controlled by a spatiotemporal gradient of cdk1-cyclinB. This gradient is formed by the release of cdk1-cyclinB from the asymmetrically located nucleus, and progressive degradation of cyclinB. By combining quantitative imaging, biochemical and mechanical perturbations with mathematical modeling, we demonstrate that the SCWs result from the spatiotemporal integration of two conserved regulatory modules, cdk1-cyclinB for cell cycle regulation and RhoA/Rok/NMYII for actomyosin contractility.Surface contraction waves (SCWs) are prominent shape changes coupled to cell cycle transitions in oocytes. Here the authors show that SCWs are patterned by the spatiotemporal integration of two conserved modules, cdk1-cyclinB for cell cycle regulation and RhoA/Rok/NMYII for actomyosin contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bischof
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph A Brand
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 19, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kálmán Somogyi
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Imre Májer
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Thome
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Masashi Mori
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 19, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Péter Lénárt
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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250
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Liu X, Chen D, Liu J, Chu Z, Liu D. Blocking Modification of Eukaryotic Initiation 5A2 Antagonizes Cervical Carcinoma via Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK Signal Transduction Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017; 16:630-638. [PMID: 27609633 PMCID: PMC5665154 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616666722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death for female worldwide. Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A family and is proposed to be a key factor involved in the development of diverse cancers. In the current study, a series of in vivo and in vitro investigations were performed to characterize the role of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 in oncogenesis and metastasis of cervical carcinoma. The expression status of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 in 15 cervical carcinoma patients was quantified. Then, the effect of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 knockdown on in vivo tumorigenicity ability, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and cell mobility of HeLa cells was measured. To uncover the mechanism driving the function of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 in cervical carcinoma, expression of members within RhoA/ROCK pathway was detected, and the results were further verified with an RhoA overexpression modification. The level of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 in cervical carcinoma samples was significantly higher than that in paired paratumor tissues ( P < .05). And the in vivo tumorigenic ability of HeLa cells was reduced by inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2. Knockdown of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 in HeLa cells decreased the cell viability compared with normal cells and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest ( P < .05). Moreover, the cell migration ability of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 knockdown cells was dramatically inhibited. Associated with alterations in phenotypes, RhoA, ROCK I, and ROCK II were downregulated. The above-mentioned changes in eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 knockdown cells were alleviated by the overexpression of RhoA. The major findings outlined in the current study confirmed the potential of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 as a promising prognosis predictor and therapeutic target for cervical carcinoma treatment. Also, our data inferred that eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 might function in carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma through an RhoA/ROCK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangtao Chu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongli Liu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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