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de Oliveira Neves F, Salgado EG, de Figueiredo EC, Sampaio P, Marafão FP. Prediction of pollutant emission characteristics in ISO50001 energy management in the Americas: Uni and multivariate machine learning approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174797. [PMID: 39038677 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The American continent is experiencing significant economic and industrial development driven by sustainability principles. In this context, discussions on improving energy consumption have become increasingly frequent and dynamic across various sectors of civil society, including the implementation of energy efficiency measures as advocated by the ISO50001 energy management standard. However, there is a pressing need to investigate which socioeconomic aspects are responsible for the issuance of this certification in the Americas and how these factors relate to characteristic industrial emissions, especially particulate matter. This study aims to evaluate the socioeconomic factors influencing ISO50001 standard issuance and how these adjusted factors correlate with particulate matter of 2.5 μm and 10 μm dimensions. To achieve this, machine learning techniques were employed, considering the complex nature and risk of data overfitting. Model fitting was performed through multiple lasso regression, and the relationship between the adjusted factors was examined through cross-correlation analysis. The analyses indicate a strong correlation of adjusted macroeconomic indicators, especially with PM2.5, suggesting an association with cardiorespiratory problems and methane-related origins. This work is of great relevance to academia as it proposes new concepts regarding the interaction between energy efficiency standards and particulate matter. For the industrial sector, the adjusted factors provide guidance for standard implementation while also helping to mitigate health issues. Additionally, for the government, these results can assist in formulating policies to address specific health problems related to this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio de Oliveira Neves
- Exact Science Institute, Environmental Science Department, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Gomes Salgado
- Exact Science Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Sampaio
- Department of University of Minho, School of Engineering, ALGORITMI Research Centre, Portugal
| | - Fernando Pinhabel Marafão
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil
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2
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Behera DK, Viswanathan PK, Mishra S. Effects of air pollution on global health: evidence from the global burden of disease study in the BRICS countries. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024:10.1007/s00420-024-02087-7. [PMID: 38995431 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Considering the dynamic influence of environmental, social, economic, and political factors in the emergence and growth of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) over the years and pre-existing differences, the adverse effects of air pollution on the health and well-being of the people have remained major areas of academic inquiry and policy interventions. The present study examines the global trend of deaths and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) attributable to air pollution with particular reference to the BRICS countries for the period 1990 to 2019. METHODS This study has used the global burden of disease estimates by using different rounds of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study report published by the Institute of Health Metrics Evaluation. This study has calculated the cause of death and DALYs due to environmental risk factors (i.e. Air pollution). Data analysis has been done by using the standard formula for the calculation of death (mortality) rate and DALYs rate. Similarly, we calculated the age and gender-wise death and DALYs rate by using the appropriate numerator and denominator. RESULTS The study discovered a significant shift in disease patterns over this period, as communicable diseases like respiratory infections and tuberculosis were replaced by non-communicable diseases such as ischemic heart disease (17.2 million), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.59 million), and stroke (17.02 million) as the primary causes of air pollution-related deaths in 2019 at the global level. Additionally, the study identified a worrying increase in deaths linked to neonatal disorders and respiratory infections caused by ambient particulate matter pollution in South Africa, India, and Brazil. The impact of air pollution on public health is evident across different age groups and genders, with people aged 50-69 years, those aged 70 and above, and children under 5 years being more vulnerable. Furthermore, the male population is disproportionately affected by communicable and noncommunicable diseases caused by air pollution. CONCLUSION The study highlights the need for policymakers to implement evidence-based interventions to tackle this global health problem. The interventions should aim to reduce the emerging crisis of non-communicable diseases related to air pollution, particularly among vulnerable age groups and the male population, ultimately improving public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Behera
- Department of Economics and Finance, The Business School, RMIT International University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | | | - Sanghamitra Mishra
- School of Public Health, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India
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Wen L, Kang N, Wang L, Wei Q, Zhang H, Shen J, Yue D, Zhai Y, Lin W. High-Resolution Spatiotemporal Modeling for PM 2.5 Major Components in the Pearl River Delta and Its Implications for Epidemiological Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10920-10931. [PMID: 38861590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c11091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Distinguishing the effects of different fine particulate matter components (PMCs) is crucial for mitigating their effects on human health. However, the sparse distribution of locations where PM is collected for component analysis makes it challenging to investigate the relevant health effects. This study aimed to investigate the agreement between data-fusion-enhanced exposure assessment and site monitoring data in estimating the effects of PMCs on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We first improved the spatial resolution and accuracy of exposure assessment for five major PMCs (EC, OM, NO3-, NH4+, and SO42-) in the Pearl River Delta region by a data fusion model that combined inputs from multiple sources using a random forest model (10-fold cross-validation R2: 0.52 to 0.61; root mean square error: 0.55 to 2.26 μg/m3). Next, we compared the associations between exposures to PMCs during pregnancy and GDM in a hospital-based cohort of 1148 pregnant women in Heshan, China, using both site monitoring data and data-fusion model estimates. The comparative analysis showed that the data-fusion-based exposure generated stronger estimates of identifying statistical disparities. This study suggests that data-fusion-enhanced estimates can improve exposure assessment and potentially mitigate the misclassification of population exposure arising from the utilization of site monitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ning Kang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (PKU), School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiannan Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hedi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianling Shen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dingli Yue
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Yuhong Zhai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Alshuwaikhat HM, Basheer MA, AlAtiq LT. A GIS-based approach to determining optimal location for decentralized inner city smart filters: Toward net zero cities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31645. [PMID: 38841451 PMCID: PMC11152958 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change has already begun to take visible effect globally in recent years. Given the climate change paradox and urbanization trends, cities' success would not only depend on smartness and sustainability, but also resilience to all forthcoming economic, environmental, or behavioral changes. Numerous technologies have surfaced and proved effective in CO2 removal from the local environment. However, the optimal placement of these smart filters is a complex task and require logical and strategic decision-making. Determining the optimal location is one of the key factors for establishing a network of smart air filters. This study used a GIS-based suitability analysis for identifying optimal locations for smart filters based on pollution hotspots (population and spatial proximity to industry, commercial centers, roads, high-traffic areas, and intersections). The spatial analysis involves the determination and preparation of input layers, ranking layers, assigning weights to each criterion, and generation of a suitability map. The sites with a higher suitability score (7 or above) are optimum sites for air filters. The sites are spatially distributed over different regions. The findings revealed that GIS-based suitability analysis can be an effective technique for placing smart filters within an urban environment. These findings can help decision-makers to prioritize the location considering environmental constraints. The proposed solution aims to pave the way for fostering resilient, smart, and sustainable cities through a community sensing platform targeting hotspots within spatial variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib M. Alshuwaikhat
- Department of Architecture and City Design, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aamir Basheer
- Department of Architecture and City Design, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain T. AlAtiq
- Department of Architecture and City Design, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Hu Y, Chavez T, Eckel SP, Yang T, Chen X, Vigil M, Pavlovic N, Lurmann F, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Grubbs B, Al-Marayati L, Toledo-Corral C, Johnston J, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Habre R, Breton C, Bastain TM. Joint effects of traffic-related air pollution and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on maternal postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00692-9. [PMID: 38822090 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been linked to postpartum depression. However, few studies have investigated the effects of traffic-related NOx on postpartum depression and whether any pregnancy-related factors might increase susceptibility. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between traffic-related NOx and postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms, and effect modification by pregnancy-related hypertension. METHODS This study included 453 predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latina women in the MADRES cohort. Daily traffic-related NOx concentrations by road class were estimated using the California LINE-source dispersion model (CALINE4) at participants' residential locations and averaged across pregnancy. Postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated by a validated questionnaire (Postpartum Distress Measure, PDM) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Multivariate linear regressions were performed to estimate the associations at each timepoint. Interaction terms were added to the linear models to assess effect modification by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs). Repeated measurement analyses were conducted by using mixed effect models. RESULTS We found prenatal traffic-related NOx was associated with increased PDM scores. Specifically, mothers exposed to an IQR (0.22 ppb) increase in NOx from major roads had 3.78% (95% CI: 0.53-7.14%) and 5.27% (95% CI: 0.33-10.45%) significantly higher 3-month and 12-month PDM scores, respectively. Similarly, in repeated measurement analyses, higher NOx from major roads was associated with 3.06% (95% CI: 0.43-5.76%) significantly higher PDM scores across the first year postpartum. Effect modification by HDPs was observed: higher freeway/highway and total NOx among mothers with HDPs were associated with significantly higher PDM scores at 12 months postpartum compared to those without HDPs. IMPACT This study shows that prenatal traffic-related air pollution was associated with postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms. The study also found novel evidence of greater susceptibility among women with HDPs, which advances the understanding of the relationships between air pollution, maternal cardiometabolic health during pregnancy and postpartum mental health. Our study has potential implications for clinical intervention to mitigate the effects of traffic-related pollution on postpartum mental health disorders. The findings can also offer valuable insights into urban planning strategies concerning the implementation of emission control measures and the creation of green spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Hu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinci Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario Vigil
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Toledo-Corral
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Jill Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Jiang M, Hu CJ, Rowe CL, Kang H, Gong X, Dagucon CP, Wang J, Lin Y, Sood A, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Alexis NE, Gilliland FD, Belinsky SA, Yu X, Leng S. Application of artificial intelligence in quantifying lung deposition dose of black carbon in people with exposure to ambient combustion particles. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:529-537. [PMID: 37848612 PMCID: PMC11021374 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding lung deposition dose of black carbon is critical to fully reconcile epidemiological evidence of combustion particles induced health effects and inform the development of air quality metrics concerning black carbon. Macrophage carbon load (MaCL) is a novel cytology method that quantifies lung deposition dose of black carbon, however it has limited feasibility in large-scale epidemiological study due to the labor-intensive manual counting. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between MaCL and episodic elevation of combustion particles; to develop artificial intelligence based counting algorithm for MaCL assay. METHODS Sputum slides were collected during episodic elevation of ambient PM2.5 (n = 49, daily PM2.5 > 10 µg/m3 for over 2 weeks due to wildfire smoke intrusion in summer and local wood burning in winter) and low PM2.5 period (n = 39, 30-day average PM2.5 < 4 µg/m3) from the Lovelace Smokers cohort. RESULTS Over 98% individual carbon particles in macrophages had diameter <1 µm. MaCL levels scored manually were highly responsive to episodic elevation of ambient PM2.5 and also correlated with lung injury biomarker, plasma CC16. The association with CC16 became more robust when the assessment focused on macrophages with higher carbon load. A Machine-Learning algorithm for Engulfed cArbon Particles (MacLEAP) was developed based on the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network. MacLEAP algorithm yielded excellent correlations with manual counting for number and area of the particles. The algorithm produced associations with ambient PM2.5 and plasma CC16 that were nearly identical in magnitude to those obtained through manual counting. IMPACT STATEMENT Understanding lung black carbon deposition is crucial for comprehending health effects of combustion particles. We developed "Machine-Learning algorithm for Engulfed cArbon Particles (MacLEAP)", the first artificial intelligence algorithm for quantifying airway macrophage black carbon. Our study bolstered the algorithm with more training images and its first use in air pollution epidemiology. We revealed macrophage carbon load as a sensitive biomarker for heightened ambient combustion particles due to wildfires and residential wood burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Jiang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Chelin Jamie Hu
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico College of Nursing, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cassie L Rowe
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Huining Kang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Jialiang Wang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Miners Colfax Medical Center, Raton, NM, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yiliang Zhu
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Yu
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico College of Nursing, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Vardoulakis S, Johnston FH, Goodman N, Morgan GG, Robinson DL. Wood heater smoke and mortality in the Australian Capital Territory: a rapid health impact assessment. Med J Aust 2024; 220:29-34. [PMID: 38030130 PMCID: PMC10952137 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the number of deaths and the cost of deaths attributable to wood heater smoke in the Australian Capital Territory. STUDY DESIGN Rapid health impact assessment, based on fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) data from three outdoor air pollution monitors and published exposure-response functions for natural cause mortality attributed to PM2.5 exposure. SETTING Australian Capital Territory (population, 2021: 454 000), 2016-2018, 2021, and 2022 (2019 and 2020 excluded because of the impact of extreme bushfires on air quality). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of PM2.5 exposure attributable to wood heaters; numbers of deaths and associated cost of deaths (based on the value of statistical life: $5.3 million) attributable to wood heater smoke. RESULTS Wood heater emissions contributed an estimated 1.16-1.73 μg/m3 to the annual mean PM2.5 concentration during the three colder years (2017, 2018, 2021), or 17-25% of annual mean exposure, and 0.72 μg/m3 (15%) or 0.89 μg/m3 (13%) during the two milder years (2016, 2022). Using the most conservative exposure-response function, the estimated annual number of deaths attributable to wood heater smoke was 17-26 during the colder three years and 11-15 deaths during the milder two years. Using the least conservative exposure-response function, an estimated 43-63 deaths per year (colder years) and 26-36 deaths per year (milder years) were attributable to wood heater smoke. The estimated annual equivalent cost of deaths was $57-136 million (most conservative exposure-response function) and $140-333 million (least conservative exposure-response function). CONCLUSIONS The estimated annual number of deaths in the ACT attributable to wood heater PM2.5 pollution is similar to that attributed to the extreme smoke of the 2019-20 Black Summer bushfires. The number of wood heaters should be reduced by banning new installations and phasing out existing units in urban and suburban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Vardoulakis
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population HealthAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT
- Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research NetworkAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT
- Centre for Safe AirUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTAS
| | - Fay H Johnston
- Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research NetworkAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT
- Centre for Safe AirUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTAS
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTAS
| | - Nigel Goodman
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population HealthAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT
- Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research NetworkAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT
- Centre for Safe AirUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTAS
| | - Geoffrey G Morgan
- Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research NetworkAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT
- Centre for Safe AirUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTAS
- Sydney School of Public HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW
- University Centre for Rural HealthUniversity of SydneyLismoreNSW
| | - Dorothy L Robinson
- Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research NetworkAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT
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Fortes WMPA, Souza IDC, Azevedo VC, Griboff J, Monferrán MV, Wunderlin DA, Matsumoto ST, Fernandes MN. Metal/metalloid bioconcentration dynamics in fish and the risk to human health due to water contamination with atmospheric particulate matter from a metallurgical industrial area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166119. [PMID: 37567312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Settleable atmospheric particulate matter (SeAPM) containing a mixture of metals, including metallic nanoparticles, has increased throughout the world, and caused environmental and biota contamination. The metal bioconcentration pattern in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated during a 30-day exposure to 1 g L-1 SeAPM and assessed the human health risk from consuming fish fillets (muscle) based on the estimated daily intake (EDI). SeAPM was collected surrounding an iron ore processing and steel industrial complex in Vitória city (Espírito Santo, Brazil) area. Water samples were collected daily for physicochemical analyses, and every 3 days for multi-elemental analyses. Metal bioconcentrations were determined in the viscera and fillet of fish every 3 days. The elements B, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ba, Bi, W, Ti, Zr, Y, La, Nb, and Ce were analyzed in SeAPM, water, and fish using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The metal concentration in SeAPM-contaminated water was higher than in control water. Most metals bioconcentrated preferentially in the fish viscera, except for the Hg and Rb, which bioconcentrated mostly in the fillet. The bioconcentration pattern was Fe > Al > Mn > Pb > V > La > Ce > Y > Ni > Se > As > W > Bi in the viscera; it was higher than the controls throughout the 30-day exposure. Ti, Zr, Nb, Rb, Cd, Hg, B, and Cr showed different bioconcentration patterns. The Zn, Cu, Sr, Sn, Ag, and Ta did not differ from controls. The differences in metal bioconcentration were attributed to diverse metal bioavailability in water and the dissimilar ways fish can cope with each metal, including inefficient excretion mechanisms. The EDI calculation indicated that the consumption of the studied fish is not safe for children, because the concentrations of As, La, Zr, and Hg exceed the World Health Organization's acceptable daily intake for these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Manuel Pereira Antunes Fortes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DCF/UFSCar), Rod Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara da Costa Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DCF/UFSCar), Rod Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Julieta Griboff
- Departamento Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Victoria Monferrán
- Departamento Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia Tamie Matsumoto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DCB/UFES), Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DCF/UFSCar), Rod Washington Luiz, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Davis CD, Frazier C, Guennouni N, King R, Mast H, Plunkett EM, Quirk ZJ. Community Health Impacts From Natural Gas Pipeline Compressor Stations. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2023GH000874. [PMID: 37915956 PMCID: PMC10616731 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Compressor stations maintain pressure along natural gas pipelines to sustain gas flow. Unfortunately, they present human health concerns as they release chemical pollutants into the air, sometimes at levels higher than national air quality standards. Further, compressor stations are often placed in rural areas with higher levels of poverty and/or minority populations, contributing to environmental justice concerns. In this paper we investigate what chemical pollutants are emitted by compressor stations, the impacts of emitted pollutants on human health, and local community impacts. Based on the information gained from these examinations, we provide the following policy recommendations with the goal of minimizing harm to those affected by natural gas compressor stations: the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and relevant state agencies must increase air quality monitoring and data transparency; the EPA should direct more resources to monitoring programs specifically at compressor stations; the EPA should provide free indoor air quality monitoring to homes near compressor stations; the EPA needs to adjust its National Ambient Air Quality Standards to better protect communities and assess cumulative impacts; and decision-makers at all levels must pursue meaningful involvement from potentially affected communities. We find there is substantial evidence of negative impacts to strongly support these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis D. Davis
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Clara Frazier
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Nihal Guennouni
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceWilliam and MaryWilliamsburgVAUSA
| | - Rachael King
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceWilliam and MaryWilliamsburgVAUSA
| | - Hannah Mast
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Emily M. Plunkett
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Department of ChemistryVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Zack J. Quirk
- Virginia Scientist‐Community Interface
- Department of Earth & Environmental SciencesUniversity of Michigan Ann ArborAnn ArborMIUSA
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10
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Han X, Cao M, Pan Z, Guo J, Huang D, Sun W, Mi J, Li P, Liu Y, Xue T, Guan T. Association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 constituents and electrocardiographic abnormality: A nationwide longitudinal study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108130. [PMID: 37572496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities are known to have prognostic value for heart conditions, while evidence on the relationship between long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities is limited. This study aimed to quantify the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents and changes in ECG diagnoses. METHODS We designed a longitudinal study among participants with repeated records of ECG examination based on the China National Stroke Screening Survey 2013-2018. Logistic regressions with multiple adjustment, estimated by the generalized estimating equation to incorporate repeated measurements, were used to assess the associations between the occurrence of any physician-diagnosed ECG abnormalities and long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents. RESULTS We included 61,094 participants with 132,249 visits. All five constituents (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic matter, and black carbon) were significantly associated with an increased risk of ECG abnormalities. The excess risk of ECG abnormalities per interquartile-range increase in exposure was the highest for sulfate (26%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 23-29%), followed by ammonium (22%, 19-26%), nitrate (21%, 17-24%), black carbon (16%, 13-10%) and organic matter (9%,6%-11%). We also found that atrial fibrillation patients might be susceptible to the adverse effects of PM2.5 constituents on ECG. CONCLUSION Differential associations between various constituents of PM2.5 and ECG abnormalities were found. The unequal toxicities for different chemical constituents of ambient particles on cardiovascular electrophysiological endpoints should be taken into consideration when considering the biological pathways linking PM2.5 and cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Han
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Man Cao
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhaoyang Pan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dengmin Huang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jiarun Mi
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/ National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/ National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Tianjia Guan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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11
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Alahmad B, Li J, Achilleos S, Al-Mulla F, Al-Hemoud A, Koutrakis P. Burden of fine air pollution on mortality in the desert climate of Kuwait. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00565-7. [PMID: 37322149 PMCID: PMC10403355 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle Eastern desert countries like Kuwait are known for intense dust storms and enormous petrochemical industries affecting ambient air pollution. However, local health authorities have not been able to assess the health impacts of air pollution due to limited monitoring networks and a lack of historical exposure data. OBJECTIVE To assess the burden of PM2.5 on mortality in the understudied dusty environment of Kuwait. METHODS We analyzed the acute impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on daily mortality in Kuwait between 2001 and 2016. To do so, we used spatiotemporally resolved estimates of PM2.5 in the region. Our analysis explored factors such as cause of death, sex, age, and nationality. We fitted quasi-Poisson time-series regression for lagged PM2.5 adjusted for time trend, seasonality, day of the week, temperature, and relative humidity. RESULTS There was a total of 70,321 deaths during the study period of 16 years. The average urban PM2.5 was estimated to be 46.2 ± 19.8 µg/m3. A 10 µg/m3 increase in a 3-day moving average of urban PM2.5 was associated with 1.19% (95% CI: 0.59, 1.80%) increase in all-cause mortality. For a 10 µg/m3 reduction in annual PM2.5 concentrations, a total of 52.3 (95% CI: 25.7, 79.1) deaths each year could be averted in Kuwait. That is, 28.6 (95% CI: 10.3, 47.0) Kuwaitis, 23.9 (95% CI: 6.4, 41.5) non-Kuwaitis, 9.4 (95% CI: 1.2, 17.8) children, and 20.9 (95% CI: 4.3, 37.6) elderly deaths each year. IMPACT STATEMENT The overwhelming prevalence of devastating dust storms and enormous petrochemical industries in the Gulf and the Middle East has intensified the urgency to address air pollution and its detrimental health effects. Alarmingly, the region's epidemiological research lags behind, hindered by a paucity of ground monitoring networks and historical exposure data. In response, we are harnessing the power of big data to generate predictive models of air pollution across time and space, providing crucial insights into the mortality burden associated with air pollution in this under-researched yet critically impacted area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Environmental & Occupational Health Department, College of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Souzana Achilleos
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Ali Al-Hemoud
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Bessa MJ, Sarmento B, Oliveira M, Rodrigues F. In vitro data for fire pollutants: contribution of studies using human cell models towards firefighters' occupational. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:238-255. [PMID: 36883725 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2187909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Firefighters are the principal line of defense against fires, being at elevated risk of exposure to health-relevant pollutants released during fires and burning processes. Although many biomonitoring studies exist, only a limited number of human in vitro investigations in fire risk assessment are currently available. In vitro studies stand out as valuable tools to assess the toxicity mechanisms involved following exposure to fire pollutants at a cellular level. The aim of the present review was to contextualize existing in vitro studies using human cell models exposed to chemicals emitted from fire emissions and wood smoke and discuss the implications of the observed toxic outcomes on adverse health effects detected in firefighters. Most of the reported in vitro investigations focused on monocultures respiratory models and exposure to particulate matter (PM) extracts collected from fire effluents. Overall, (1) a decrease in cellular viability, (2) enhanced oxidative stress, (3) increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and (4) elevated cell death frequencies were noted. However, limited information remains regarding the toxicity mechanisms initiated by firefighting activities. Hence, more studies employing advanced in vitro models and exposure systems using human cell lines are urgently needed taking into consideration different routes of exposure and health-related pollutants released from fires. Data are needed to establish and define firefighters' occupational exposure limits and to propose mitigation strategies to promote beneficial human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bessa
- UNIPRO - Unidade de Investigação em Patologia e Reabilitação Oral, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- UNIPRO - Unidade de Investigação em Patologia e Reabilitação Oral, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnique of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Chung CS, Lane KJ, Black-Ingersoll F, Kolaczyk E, Schollaert C, Li S, Simon MC, Levy JI. Assessing the impact of aircraft arrival on ambient ultrafine particle number concentrations in near-airport communities in Boston, Massachusetts. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115584. [PMID: 36868447 PMCID: PMC10079358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aircraft emissions contribute to overall ambient air pollution, including ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations. However, accurately ascertaining aviation contributions to UFP is challenging due to high spatiotemporal variability along with intermittent aviation emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of arrival aircraft on particle number concentration (PNC), a proxy for UFP, across six study sites 3-17 km from a major arrival aircraft flight path into Boston Logan International Airport by utilizing real-time aircraft activity and meteorological data. Ambient PNC at all monitoring sites was similar at the median but had greater variation at the 95th and 99th percentiles with more than two-fold increases in PNC observed at sites closer to the airport. PNC was elevated during the hours with high aircraft activity with sites closest to the airport exhibiting stronger signals when downwind from the airport. Regression models indicated that the number of arrival aircraft per hour was associated with measured PNC at all six sites, with a maximum contribution of 50% of total PNC at a monitor 3 km from the airport during hours with arrival activity on the flight path of interest (26% across all hours). Our findings suggest strong but intermittent contributions from arrival aircraft to ambient PNC in communities near airports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe S Chung
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eric Kolaczyk
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire Schollaert
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew C Simon
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Muruganandam N, Mahalingam S, Narayanan R, Rajadurai E. Meandered and muddled: a systematic review on the impact of air pollution on ocular health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64872-64890. [PMID: 37097565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
From the years 1970-2023, a systematic overview of the diverse consequences of particulate matter on eye health and a disease classification according to acute, chronic, and genetic are presented using the PubMed, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. Various studies on medical aspects correlate with the eye and health. However, from an application perspective, there is limited research on the ocular surface and air pollution. The main objective of the study is to uncover the relationship between eye health and air pollution, particularly particulate matter, along with other external factors acting as aggravators. The secondary goal of the work is to examine the existing models for mimicking human eyes. The study is followed by a questionnaire survey in a workshop, in which the exposure-based investigation was tagged based on their activity. This paper establishes a relationship between particulate matter and its influence on human health, leading to numerous eye diseases like dry eyes, conjunctivitis, myopia, glaucoma, and trachoma. The results of the questionnaire survey indicate that about 68% of the people working in the workshop are symptomatic with tears, blurred vision, and mood swings, while 32% of the people were asymptomatic. Although there are approaches for conducting experiments, the evaluation is not well defined; empirical and numerical solutions for particle deposition on the eye are needed. There prevails a broad gap in the arena of ocular deposition modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niveditha Muruganandam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha Mahalingam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramsundram Narayanan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Flanagan E, Malmqvist E, Rittner R, Gustafsson P, Källén K, Oudin A. Exposure to local, source-specific ambient air pollution during pregnancy and autism in children: a cohort study from southern Sweden. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3848. [PMID: 36890287 PMCID: PMC9995328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of air pollution exposure, namely, ambient particulate matter (PM), during pregnancy and an increased risk of autism in children is growing; however, the unique PM sources that contribute to this association are currently unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate local, source-specific ambient PM exposure during pregnancy and its associations with childhood autism, specifically, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as a group. A cohort of 40,245 singleton births from 2000 to 2009 in Scania, Sweden, was combined with data on locally emitted PM with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5). A flat, two-dimensional dispersion model was used to assess local PM2.5 concentrations (all-source PM2.5, small-scale residential heating- mainly wood burning, tailpipe exhaust, and vehicle wear-and-tear) at the mother's residential address during pregnancy. Associations were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Exposure to local PM2.5 during pregnancy from each of the investigated sources was associated with childhood autism in the fully adjusted models. For ASD, similar, but less pronounced, associations were found. The results add to existing evidence that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of childhood autism. Further, these findings suggest that locally produced emissions from both residential wood burning and road traffic-related sources (tailpipe exhaust and vehicle wear-and-tear) contribute to this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Flanagan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ebba Malmqvist
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ralf Rittner
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peik Gustafsson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Källén
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Oudin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Holm SM, Balmes JR, Gunier RB, Kogut K, Harley KG, Eskenazi B. Cognitive Development and Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure in the CHAMACOS Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:37007. [PMID: 36913239 PMCID: PMC10010399 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because fine particulate matter [PM, with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5)] is a ubiquitous environmental exposure, small changes in cognition associated with PM2.5 exposure could have great societal costs. Prior studies have demonstrated a relationship between in utero PM2.5 exposure and cognitive development in urban populations, but it is not known whether these effects are similar in rural populations and whether they persist into late childhood. OBJECTIVES In this study, we tested for associations between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and both full-scale and subscale measures of IQ among a longitudinal cohort at age 10.5 y. METHODS This analysis used data from 568 children enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), a birth cohort study in California's agricultural Salinas Valley. Exposures were estimated at residential addresses during pregnancy using state of the art, modeled PM2.5 surfaces. IQ testing was performed by bilingual psychometricians in the dominant language of the child. RESULTS A 3-μg/m3 higher average PM2.5 over pregnancy was associated with -1.79 full-scale IQ points [95% confidence interval (CI): -2.98, -0.58], with decrements specifically in Working Memory IQ (WMIQ) and Processing Speed IQ (PSIQ) subscales [WMIQ -1.72 (95% CI: -2.98, -0.45) and PSIQ -1.19 (95% CI: -2.54, 0.16)]. Flexible modeling over the course of pregnancy illustrated mid-to-late pregnancy (months 5-7) as particularly susceptible times, with sex differences in the timing of susceptible windows and in which subscales were most affected [Verbal Comprehension IQ (VCIQ) and WMIQ in males; and PSIQ in females]. DISCUSSION We found that small increases in outdoor PM2.5 exposure in utero were associated with slightly lower IQ in late childhood, robust to many sensitivity analyses. In this cohort there was a larger effect of PM2.5 on childhood IQ than has previously been observed, perhaps due to differences in PM composition or because developmental disruption could alter the cognitive trajectory and thus appear more pronounced as children get older. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Holm
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John R. Balmes
- Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robert B. Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kim G. Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Ma H, Chen W, Zhang Q, Wan C, Mo Y, Liu F, Dong G, Zeng X, Chen D, Yu Z, Li J, Zhang G. Pollution source and chemicals structure of the water-soluble fractions in PM 2.5 that induce apoptosis in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107820. [PMID: 36842384 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Identify risk drivers is the key condition in air pollution control, and biological effect-directed analysis is the most commented method for combing chemical identify and human health. The water-soluble organic matter contained in PM2.5 plays an important role in human health, while it is also the most difficult to identify its chemical information. Exploring the structural characteristics and pollution sources of its key toxic components is the optimized strategy to meet this question. In this study, the induction of apoptosis by the water-soluble fractions (WSF) of PM2.5 samples collected in 10 major cities in China over a period of 1 year was observed in vitro in Beas-2b cells. Organic carbon structures were examined using nuclear magnetic resonance; air potential sources were identified using δ13C and 14C isotopic markers. Apoptosis induction by WSF in PM2.5 was generally stronger in northern cities than in southern cities, and in winter than in summer. Organic compounds with aromatic and double-bond carbon structures from secondary products of motor vehicle exhausts, coal-derived emissions, and emissions derived from the burning of core residues may be primarily responsible for apoptosis induction by PM2.5. Our results will contribute to understanding the toxic substances contained in WSF and provide basic data for accurate pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wenjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangzhi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Duohong Chen
- Department of Air Quality Forecasting and Early Warning, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Morales-Zamudio L, Fierro-Cabo A, Rahman MS, Dominguez-Crespo MA. Metal contents in house geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from industrial and urban areas of southern Tamaulipas, Mexico and western Andalucía, Spain, may reflect airborne metal pollution. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:103-118. [PMID: 36734348 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2170941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
House geckos share living quarters with humans in the tropical and subtropical regions inhabited by these reptiles. Gecko behavior, biological traits, continuous exposure to suspended particulate matter 0 µm in diameter (PM10) and dust, as well as status as exotic species, motivated the choice of these species to examine environmental exposure to ambient air pollutants, in particular metals, and subsequent accumulation in these organisms. One part of the study was conducted in Tamaulipas (Mexico) where Hemydactylus frenatus is abundant in urban and industrial environments, the other part was conducted in Andalucia (Spain) where Tarentola mauritanica is found in similar environments. Adult geckos were collected on buildings in locations affected by various air pollution sources. For both species, higher metal contents were observed in whole-body (including digestive tracts) analysis and were markedly different between collection sites. Contents in tails, digestive tracts, and carcasses without digestive tracts were not correlated. Based on contamination factor values, bioaccumulation in H. frenatus tissues occurred for 12 of the 15 metals analyzed. Data suggest that H. frenatus might serve as a biomonitor for Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, Li, and V, whereas T. mauritanica might be a biomonitor for Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cr. To our knowledge, metal contents for H. frenatus are reported here for the first time. House gecko data could be integrated into a highly representative monitoring system and health risk assessments related to air quality in residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisiana Morales-Zamudio
- Investigación y Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA-Altamira, Altamira, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Fierro-Cabo
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Miguel Antonio Dominguez-Crespo
- Investigación y Posgrado, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA-Altamira, Altamira, Tamaulipas, Mexico
- Departamento de Materiales Nanoestructurados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Zhang X, Chen X, Yue Y, Wang S, Zhao B, Huang X, Li T, Sun Q, Wang J. Ecological Study on Global Health Effects due to Source-Specific Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1278-1291. [PMID: 36607898 PMCID: PMC9879273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution of fine particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with millions of premature deaths per year, recognized as a leading global health concern. The dose-response relation between ambient PM2.5 exposure and mortality risk is the most fundamental information for assessments of the health effects of PM2.5. The existing dose-response relations were generally developed based on the assumption of equal contribution to toxicity from various sources. However, the sources of PM2.5 may significantly influence health effects. In this study, we conducted an ecological study to investigate the global long-term correlation between source-specific PM2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality risk (SPECM) based on the regional aggregate data of the publically available official health databases from 528 regions worldwide with a total registered population of 3.2 billion. The results provided preliminary epidemiological evidence for differing chronic health effects across various sources. The relative mortality risks of lung cancer and circulatory diseases were closely correlated with the primary emissions from industrial and residential combustion sources. Chronic lower respiratory diseases were mostly associated with the mass concentration of particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Zhang
- Institute
of Environmental Engineering (IfU), ETH
Zürich, ZürichCH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute
of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute
of Environmental Engineering (IfU), ETH
Zürich, ZürichCH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Yang Yue
- Institute
of Environmental Engineering (IfU), ETH
Zürich, ZürichCH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Institute
of Environmental Engineering (IfU), ETH
Zürich, ZürichCH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Tiantian Li
- China
CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National
Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese
Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing100021, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- China
CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National
Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese
Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing100021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute
of Environmental Engineering (IfU), ETH
Zürich, ZürichCH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
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20
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In 't Veld M, Pandolfi M, Amato F, Pérez N, Reche C, Dominutti P, Jaffrezo J, Alastuey A, Querol X, Uzu G. Discovering oxidative potential (OP) drivers of atmospheric PM 10, PM 2.5, and PM 1 simultaneously in North-Eastern Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159386. [PMID: 36240941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) is a major contributor to air pollution, leading to adverse health effects on the human population. It has been suggested that the oxidative potential (OP, as a tracer of oxidative stress) of PM is a possible determinant of its health impact. In this study, samples of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were collected roughly every four days from January 2018 until March 2019 at a Barcelona urban background site and Montseny rural background site in northeastern Spain. We determined the chemical composition of samples, allowing us to perform source apportionment using positive matrix factorization. The OP of PM was determined by measuring reactive oxygen species using dithiothreitol and ascorbic acid assays. Finally, to link the sources with the measured OP, both a Pearson's correlation and a multiple linear regression model were applied to the dataset. The results showed that in Barcelona, the OP of PM10 was much higher than those of PM2.5 and PM1, whereas in Montseny results for all PM sizes were in the same range, but significantly lower than in Barcelona. In Barcelona, several anthropogenic sources were the main drivers of OP in PM10 (Combustion + Road Dust + Heavy Oil + OC-rich) and PM2.5 (Road Dust + Combustion). In contrast, PM1 -associated OP was driven by Industry, with a much lower contribution to PM10 and PM2.5 mass. Meanwhile, Montseny exhibited no clear drivers for OP evolution, likely explaining the lack of a significant difference in OP between PM10, PM2.5, and PM1. Overall, this study indicates that size fraction matters for OP, as a function of the environment typology. In an urban context, OP is driven by the PM10 and PM1 size fractions, whereas only the PM1 fraction is involved in rural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten In 't Veld
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - M Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - F Amato
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - N Pérez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - C Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - P Dominutti
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Jaffrezo
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - X Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - G Uzu
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), 38000 Grenoble, France
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21
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Du P, Du H, Lu K, He MZ, Feng D, He M, Liu T, Hu J, Li T. Traffic-related PM 2.5 and its specific constituents on circulatory mortality: A nationwide modelling study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107652. [PMID: 36446182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and increased circulatory mortality have been well documented. However, there are inconsistent findings on mortality effects of traffic-related pollutants from the perspective of sources or constituents. Few studies have examined such associations using source and constituents simultaneously, and even less are based on large-scale, nationally representative data. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis to investigate source- and constituent-specific mortality effects due to traffic-related PM2.5 pollution in China. METHODS We extracted daily mortality data in 280 counties from the China Disease Surveillance Points system (DSPs) from January 2013 to December 2018. Daily concentrations of traffic-related PM2.5 and specific constituents were simulated using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The downscaling and adjustment methods were carried out to generate a refined exposure assessment. We estimated the circulatory mortality risk using a standard two-stage approach, combining generalized linear model (GLM) with a quasi-Poisson distribution and random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We observed that traffic-related PM2.5 and specific constituents were significantly associated with increased circulatory mortality. An increase of interquartile range of traffic-related PM2.5, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and nitrate (NO3-) were associated with elevated circulatory mortality risks of 1.80 % (95 % confidence interval, CI: 1.27, 2.33), 1.85 % (1.33, 2.37), 1.42 % (0.90, 1.94), and 1.10 % (0.55, 1.66) at 3-day moving average (lag 0-2 days), respectively. We also found relatively high associations between traffic-related PM2.5 and EC exposures and cardiovascular mortality, and OC exposure and cerebrovascular mortality. Moreover, our stratified analysis demonstrated such mortality risks tended to be stronger in males, individuals age 65 years or older, and during the cold season. CONCLUSION Our findings provided robust evidence on significant associations of traffic-related PM2.5 and specific constituents with circulatory mortality. Further emissions abatement from the transportation sector and corresponding pollutants should merit a particular focus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hang Du
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Kailai Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Mike Z He
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Da Feng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Miao He
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China; School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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22
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Aslam I, Roeffaers MBJ. Carbonaceous Nanoparticle Air Pollution: Toxicity and Detection in Biological Samples. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12223948. [PMID: 36432235 PMCID: PMC9698098 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Among the different air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is of great concern due to its abundant presence in the atmosphere, which results in adverse effects on the environment and human health. The different components of PM can be classified based on their physicochemical properties. Carbonaceous particles (CPs) constitute a major fraction of ultrafine PM and have the most harmful effects. Herein, we present a detailed overview of the main components of CPs, e.g., carbon black (CB), black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC), from natural and anthropogenic sources. The emission sources and the adverse effects of CPs on the environment and human health are discussed. Particularly, we provide a detailed overview of the reported toxic effects of CPs in the human body, such as respiratory effects, cardiovascular effects, neurodegenerative effects, carcinogenic effects, etc. In addition, we also discuss the challenges faced by and limitations of the available analytical techniques for the qualitative and quantitative detection of CPs in atmospheric and biological samples. Considering the heterogeneous nature of CPs and biological samples, a detailed overview of different analytical techniques for the detection of CPs in (real-exposure) biological samples is also provided. This review provides useful insights into the classification, toxicity, and detection of CPs in biological samples.
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23
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Chen H, Oliver BG, Pant A, Olivera A, Poronnik P, Pollock CA, Saad S. Effects of air pollution on human health - Mechanistic evidence suggested by in vitro and in vivo modelling. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113378. [PMID: 35525290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) comprises both solid and liquid particles, including carbon, sulphates, nitrate, and toxic heavy metals, which can induce oxidative stress and inflammation after inhalation. These changes occur both in the lung and systemically, due to the ability of the small-sized PM (i.e. diameters ≤2.5 μm, PM2.5) to enter and circulate in the bloodstream. As such, in 2016, airborne PM caused ∼4.2 million premature deaths worldwide. Acute exposure to high levels of airborne PM (eg. during wildfires) can exacerbate pre-existing illnesses leading to hospitalisation, such as in those with asthma and coronary heart disease. Prolonged exposure to PM can increase the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases affecting the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney, although the latter is less well studied. Given the breadth of potential disease, it is critical to understand the mechanisms underlying airborne PM exposure-induced disorders. Establishing aetiology in humans is difficult, therefore, in-vitro and in-vivo studies can provide mechanistic insights. We describe acute health effects (e.g. exacerbations of asthma) and long term health effects such as the induction of chronic inflammatory lung disease, and effects outside the lung (e.g. liver and renal change). We will focus on oxidative stress and inflammation as this is the common mechanism of PM-induced disease, which may be used to develop effective treatments to mitigate the adverse health effect of PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Anushriya Pant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annabel Olivera
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip Poronnik
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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24
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Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in the Province of Lecce: Results from the PROTOS Case–Control Study in Salento (Southern Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148775. [PMID: 35886627 PMCID: PMC9324751 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the province of Lecce (southern Italy), a higher incidence of lung cancer (LC) among men compared to regional and national data was reported. In a sub-area in the center of the province (cluster area), the incidence and mortality for LC was even higher. PROTOS is a case–control study aimed at investigating possible risk factors for LC in the province area. A total of 442 patients with LC and 1326 controls matched by sex and age living in the province of Lecce for at least 10 years were enrolled and georeferenced; they filled in a questionnaire with their personal information and exposures. For each risk factor, an Odds Ratio adjusted for all the other variables was calculated. The risk of LC increased with excessive use of alcohol in women, for those subjects with a family cancer history, for each increase in pack/year of cigarettes, for men more exposed considering the industrial district in the cluster area, and for those using pesticides in agriculture without wearing personal protective equipment. The higher incidence of adenocarcinoma in both sexes suggests that, in addition to cigarette smoking, concurrent exposures to other environmental, occupational, and life-style factors may play a role in increased cancer risk and should be more deeply explored.
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25
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Gong Y, Zou D, Zhong Z, Xing W. High-performance mullite fibrous ceramic filter enhanced by composite sintering aids for dust-laden gas filtration. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Colonna KJ, Koutrakis P, Kinney PL, Cooke RM, Evans JS. Mortality Attributable to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter: Insights from the Epidemiologic Evidence for Understudied Locations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6799-6812. [PMID: 35442648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic cohort studies have consistently demonstrated that long-term exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) is associated with mortality. Nevertheless, extrapolating results to understudied locations may involve considerable uncertainty. To explore this issue, this review discusses the evidence for (i) the associated risk of mortality, (ii) the shape of the concentration-response function, (iii) a causal interpretation, and (iv) how the source mix/composition of PM2.5 and population characteristics may alter the effect. The accumulated evidence suggests the following: (i) In the United States, the change in all-cause mortality risk per μg/m3 is about 0.8%. (ii) The concentration-response function appears nonlinear. (iii) Causation is overwhelmingly supported. (iv) Fossil fuel combustion-related sources are likely more toxic than others, and age, race, and income may modify the effect. To illustrate the use of our findings in support of a risk assessment in an understudied setting, we consider Kuwait. However, given the complexity of this relationship and the heterogeneity in reported effects, it is unreasonable to think that, in such circumstances, point estimates can be meaningful. Consequently, quantitative probabilistic estimates, which cannot be derived objectively, become essential. Formally elicited expert judgment can provide such estimates, and this review provides the evidence to support an elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Colonna
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Roger M Cooke
- Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NL 2628 XE, Netherlands
| | - John S Evans
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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27
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Hu J, Chen W, Li L, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Liu W, Yin P. Residential proximity to major roadway and progression in physical disability in older adults in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:36616-36625. [PMID: 35064490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of a connection between living near major roadway and adverse health outcome has come to light. However, little is known about the effect of residential traffic exposure on aging-related physical disability and whether this effect can be modified. We used data derived from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Surveys in 2018, with a total of 15,771 participants aged ≥ 65. Residential proximity to major roadway was used as a surrogate for traffic-related air pollution and physical function was measured using basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Logistic regression models were adopted for the analyses. Compared with those living > 300 m from major road, participants living within 200 m had higher risk of poorer physical functioning. The peak odds ratio was observed in severe disability caused by 101-200 m distance (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.66). And this association got stronger with longer duration of living close to major road. In dichotomized analyses using 200 m as a cutoff point, the effect associated with living close to major road was greater in male and current smoker. Specially, poor physical function appears earlier in female, but less severe than that in male. The result emphasizes the adverse effect of residential proximity to major roadways to aging-related declines in health-especially for basic living ability. This association was more pronounced in male and current smokers, which cannot be reversed by lowering the indoor air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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28
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Zhang N, Geng C, Xu J, Zhang L, Li P, Han J, Gao S, Wang X, Yang W, Bai Z, Zhang W, Han B. Characteristics, Source Contributions, and Source-Specific Health Risks of PM 2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Senior Citizens during the Heating Season in Tianjin, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4440. [PMID: 35457316 PMCID: PMC9030979 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have carcinogenic impacts on human health. However, limited studies are available on the characteristics, sources, and source-specific health risks of PM2.5-bound PAHs based on personal exposure data, and comparisons of the contributions of indoor and outdoor sources are also lacking. We recruited 101 senior citizens in the winter of 2011 for personal PM2.5 sample collection. Fourteen PAHs were analyzed, potential sources were apportioned using positive matrix factorization (PMF), and inhalational carcinogenic risks of each source were estimated. Six emission sources were identified, including coal combustion, gasoline emission, diesel emission, biomass burning, cooking, and environmental tobacco smoking (ETS). The contribution to carcinogenic risk of each source occurred in the following sequence: biomass burning > diesel emission > gasoline emission > ETS > coal combustion > cooking. Moreover, the contributions of biomass burning, diesel emission, ETS, and indoor sources (sum of cooking and ETS) to PAH-induced carcinogenic risk were higher than those to the PAH mass concentration, suggesting severe carcinogenic risk per unit contribution. This study revealed the contribution of indoor and outdoor sources to mass concentration and carcinogenic risk of PM2.5-bound PAHs, which could act as a guide to mitigate the exposure level and risk of PM2.5-bound PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (N.Z.); (C.G.); (J.X.); (X.W.); (W.Y.); (Z.B.)
| | - Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (N.Z.); (C.G.); (J.X.); (X.W.); (W.Y.); (Z.B.)
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (N.Z.); (C.G.); (J.X.); (X.W.); (W.Y.); (Z.B.)
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China;
| | - Jinbao Han
- School of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
| | - Shuang Gao
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (N.Z.); (C.G.); (J.X.); (X.W.); (W.Y.); (Z.B.)
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (N.Z.); (C.G.); (J.X.); (X.W.); (W.Y.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (N.Z.); (C.G.); (J.X.); (X.W.); (W.Y.); (Z.B.)
| | - Wenge Zhang
- Particle Laboratory, Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (N.Z.); (C.G.); (J.X.); (X.W.); (W.Y.); (Z.B.)
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29
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Not Only Trees Matter—Traffic-Related PM Accumulation by Vegetation of Urban Forests. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In terms of the process of air purification, a lot of attention has been devoted to trees and shrubs. Little attention has been paid to herbaceous vegetation from the lower forest layers. Urban forests are often located on the outskirts of cities and surround exit roads where there is heavy traffic, generating particulate matter (PM) pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the spread of PM from the road traffic in the air and to investigate how individual layers of urban forests accumulate PM. We conducted comparative analyses of PM accumulation on plants in five zones away from the road, into the forest, in the air, and in four vegetation layers: mosses, herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees. The results show that all forest layers accumulate PM. We show that PM is very efficiently accumulated by herbaceous plants growing along roadsides, and that the PM that was not deposited on herbaceous plants was accumulated by trees and shrubs. With increasing distance from the road into the forest, the PM content on herbaceous plants decreased and the accumulation on trees and shrubs increased. We estimated that PM concentration in the air dropped significantly in the front line of the trees, but it was still detectable up to 50 m into the forest. The results presented herein show that meadow vegetation and urban forests play a very important role in air purification. Our results provide a better understanding of the complexity of urban forest interactions and provide the basis for better planning of urban greenery.
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Masselot P, Sera F, Schneider R, Kan H, Lavigne É, Stafoggia M, Tobias A, Chen H, Burnett RT, Schwartz J, Zanobetti A, Bell ML, Chen BY, Guo YLL, Ragettli MS, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Åström C, Forsberg B, Íñiguez C, Garland RM, Scovronick N, Madureira J, Nunes B, De la Valencia Cruz C, Diaz MH, Honda Y, Hashizume M, Ng CFC, Samoli E, Katsouyanni K, Schneider A, Breitner S, Ryti NR, Jaakkola JJ, Maasikmets M, Orru H, Guo Y, Ortega NV, Correa PM, Tong S, Gasparrini A. Differential Mortality Risks Associated With PM2.5 Components: A Multi-Country, Multi-City Study. Epidemiology 2022; 33:167-175. [PMID: 34907973 PMCID: PMC7612311 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality widely differs between as well as within countries. Differences in PM2.5 composition can play a role in modifying the effect estimates, but there is little evidence about which components have higher impacts on mortality. METHODS We applied a 2-stage analysis on data collected from 210 locations in 16 countries. In the first stage, we estimated location-specific relative risks (RR) for mortality associated with daily total PM2.5 through time series regression analysis. We then pooled these estimates in a meta-regression model that included city-specific logratio-transformed proportions of seven PM2.5 components as well as meta-predictors derived from city-specific socio-economic and environmental indicators. RESULTS We found associations between RR and several PM2.5 components. Increasing the ammonium (NH4+) proportion from 1% to 22%, while keeping a relative average proportion of other components, increased the RR from 1.0063 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.0030, 1.0097) to 1.0102 (95% CI = 1.0070, 1.0135). Conversely, an increase in nitrate (NO3-) from 1% to 71% resulted in a reduced RR, from 1.0100 (95% CI = 1.0067, 1.0133) to 1.0037 (95% CI = 0.9998, 1.0077). Differences in composition explained a substantial part of the heterogeneity in PM2.5 risk. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to the identification of more hazardous emission sources. Further work is needed to understand the health impacts of PM2.5 components and sources given the overlapping sources and correlations among many components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Masselot
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications “G. Parenti”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rochelle Schneider
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast, Reading, UK
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Éric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bing-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Liang Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | | | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christofer Åström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research. Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Ciberesp, Madrid. Spain
| | - Rebecca M. Garland
- Natural Resources and the Environment Unit, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Noah Scovronick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health. Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Joana Madureira
- Department of Environmental Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - César De la Valencia Cruz
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Magali Hurtado Diaz
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Cheng Ng
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE-Chair of Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Niilo R.I. Ryti
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni J.K. Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hans Orru
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health and Institute of Environment and Human Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Kumar S, Jain MK. Interrelationship of Indoor Particulate Matter and Respiratory Dust Depositions of Women in the Residence of Dhanbad City, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:4668-4689. [PMID: 34414538 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Women spend relatively more time in indoor environments in developing countries. Exposure to various indoor air pollutants leads them to higher health risks according to household air quality in which they reside. Particulate matter (PM) exposure with their exposure duration inside the household plays a significant role in women's respiratory problems. This study measured size-segregated particulate matter concentrations in 63 residences at different locations. Respiratory dust depositions (RDDs) for 118 women in their different respiratory regions like head airway (HD), tracheobronchial (TB), and alveolar (AL) regions for the three PM size fractions (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) were investigated. For different positions like light exercise and the sitting condition, RDDs values found for AL region were 0.091 μgmin-1 (SD: 0.067, 0.012-0.408) and 0.028 μgmin-1 (SD: 0.021, 0.003-0.126) for PM10, 0.325 μgmin-1 (SD: 0.254, 0.053-1.521) and 0.183 μgmin-1 (SD: 0.143, 0.031-0.857) for PM2.5, 0.257 μgmin-1 (SD: 0.197, 0.043-1.04) and 0.057 μgmin-1 (SD: 0.044, 0.009-0.233) respectively for PM1 to females. RDDs values in the AL region significantly increase as PM10 (11%), PM2.5 (68%), and PM1 (21%), confirming that for women, the AL region is the most prominent affected zone by fine particles (PM2.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Manish Kumar Jain
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
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Veld MI', Alastuey A, Pandolfi M, Amato F, Pérez N, Reche C, Via M, Minguillón MC, Escudero M, Querol X. Compositional changes of PM 2.5 in NE Spain during 2009-2018: A trend analysis of the chemical composition and source apportionment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148728. [PMID: 34328931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, time-series analyses of the chemical composition and source contributions of PM2.5 from an urban background station in Barcelona (BCN) and a rural background station in Montseny (MSY) in northeastern Spain from 2009 to 2018 were investigated and compared. A multisite positive matrix factorization analysis was used to compare the source contributions between the two stations, while the trends for both the chemical species and source contributions were studied using the Theil-Sen trend estimator. Between 2009 and 2018, both stations showed a statistically significant decrease in PM2.5 concentrations, which was driven by the downward trends of levels of chemical species and anthropogenic source contributions, mainly from heavy oil combustion, mixed combustion, industry, and secondary sulfate. These source contributions showed a continuous decrease over the study period, signifying the continuing success of mitigation strategies, although the trends of heavy oil combustion and secondary sulfate have flattened since 2016. Secondary nitrate also followed a significant decreasing trend in BCN, while secondary organic aerosols (SOA) very slightly decreased in MSY. The observed decreasing trends, in combination with the absence of a trend for the organic aerosols (OA) at both stations, resulted in an increase in the relative proportion of OA in PM2.5 by 12% in BCN and 9% in MSY, mostly from SOA, which increased by 7% in BCN and 4% in MSY. Thus, at the end of the study period, OA accounted for 40% and 50% of the annual mean PM2.5 at BCN and MSY, respectively. This might have relevant implications for air quality policies aiming at abating PM2.5 in the study region and for possible changes in toxicity of PM2.5 due to marked changes in composition and source apportionment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten In 't Veld
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Andres Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Marco Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Fulvio Amato
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Noemi Pérez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Cristina Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Marta Via
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - María Cruz Minguillón
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Miguel Escudero
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Academia General Militar, Zaragoza 50090, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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Pikula K, Tretyakova M, Zakharenko A, Johari SA, Ugay S, Chernyshev V, Chaika V, Kalenik T, Golokhvast K. Environmental Risk Assessment of Vehicle Exhaust Particles on Aquatic Organisms of Different Trophic Levels. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100261. [PMID: 34678957 PMCID: PMC8539507 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vehicle emission particles (VEPs) represent a significant part of air pollution in urban areas. However, the toxicity of this category of particles in different aquatic organisms is still unexplored. This work aimed to extend the understanding of the toxicity of the vehicle exhaust particles in two species of marine diatomic microalgae, the planktonic crustacean Artemia salina, and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. These aquatic species were applied for the first time in the risk assessment of VEPs. Our results demonstrated that the samples obtained from diesel-powered vehicles completely prevented egg fertilization of the sea urchin S. intermedius and caused pronounced membrane depolarization in the cells of both tested microalgae species at concentrations between 10 and 100 mg/L. The sample with the highest proportion of submicron particles and the highest content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) had the highest growth rate inhibition in both microalgae species and caused high toxicity to the crustacean. The toxicity level of the other samples varied among the species. We can conclude that metal content and the difference in the concentrations of PAHs by itself did not directly reflect the toxic level of VEPs, but the combination of both a high number of submicron particles and high PAH concentrations had the highest toxic effect on all the tested species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Pikula
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.T.); (S.U.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
- Federal Research Center the Yakut Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Petrovskogo Str., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariya Tretyakova
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.T.); (S.U.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Alexander Zakharenko
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SFSCA RAS, P.O. Box 267, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.C.)
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, The National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran St, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | - Sergey Ugay
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.T.); (S.U.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Valery Chernyshev
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.T.); (S.U.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Vladimir Chaika
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SFSCA RAS, P.O. Box 267, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Tatiana Kalenik
- Institute of Life Science and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.T.); (S.U.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
- Federal Research Center the Yakut Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Petrovskogo Str., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, The National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Gupta A, Sasse SK, Gruca MA, Sanford L, Dowell RD, Gerber AN. Deconvolution of multiplexed transcriptional responses to wood smoke particles defines rapid aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling dynamics. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101147. [PMID: 34520756 PMCID: PMC8517214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of respirable particulates and compounds complicates our understanding of transcriptional responses to air pollution. Here, we address this by applying precision nuclear run-on sequencing and the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing to measure nascent transcription and chromatin accessibility in airway epithelial cells after wood smoke particle (WSP) exposure. We used transcription factor enrichment analysis to identify temporally distinct roles for ternary response factor-serum response factor complexes, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and NFκB in regulating transcriptional changes induced by WSP. Transcription of canonical targets of the AHR, such as CYP1A1 and AHRR, was robustly increased after just 30 min of WSP exposure, and we discovered novel AHR-regulated pathways and targets including the DNA methyltransferase, DNMT3L. Transcription of these genes and associated enhancers rapidly returned to near baseline by 120 min after exposure. The kinetics of AHR- and NFκB-regulated responses to WSP were distinguishable based on the timing of both transcriptional responses and chromatin remodeling, with induction of several cytokines implicated in maintaining NFκB-mediated responses through 120 min of exposure. In aggregate, our data establish a direct and primary role for AHR in mediating airway epithelial responses to WSP and identify crosstalk between AHR and NFκB signaling in controlling proinflammatory gene expression. This work also defines an integrated genomics-based strategy for deconvoluting multiplexed transcriptional responses to heterogeneous environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Gupta
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah K Sasse
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Margaret A Gruca
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Lynn Sanford
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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Lei X, Chen R, Li W, Cheng Z, Wang H, Chillrud S, Yan B, Ying Z, Cai J, Kan H. Personal exposure to fine particulate matter and blood pressure: Variations by particulate sources. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130602. [PMID: 34162067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a complex mixture of components which has been associated with various cardiovascular effects, such as elevated blood pressure (BP). However, evidences on specific sources behind these effects remain uncertain. Based on 140 72-h personal measurements among a panel of 36 health college students in Shanghai, China, we assessed associations between source-apportioned PM2.5 exposure and BP changes. Based on personal filter samples, PM2.5 source apportionment was conducted using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to evaluate associations of source-specific PM2.5 exposure with BP changes. Seven sources were identified in PMF analysis. Among them, secondary sulfate (41%) and nitrate (24%) sources contributed most to personal PM2.5, followed by industrial emissions (15%), traffic-related source (10%), coal combustion (6.2%), dust (2.4%) and aged sea salt (1.1%). We found nitrate, traffic-related source and coal combustion were significantly associated with increased BP. For example, an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 from traffic-related source was significantly associated with increase in systolic BP [1.5 (95% CI: 0.26, 2.7) mmHg], diastolic BP [1.2 (95% CI: 0.10, 2.2) mmHg] and mean arterial pressure [1.2 (95% CI: 0.15, 2.2) mmHg]. This is the first investigation linking personal PM2.5 source profile and BP changes. This study provides evidence that several anthropogenic emissions (especially traffic-related emission) may be particularly responsible for BP increases, and highlights that the importance of development of health-oriented PM2.5 source control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Lei
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai Institute of Planned Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven Chillrud
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Zhekang Ying
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Population and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai Institute of Planned Research, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Malig BJ, Fairley D, Pearson D, Wu X, Ebisu K, Basu R. Examining fine particulate matter and cause-specific morbidity during the 2017 North San Francisco Bay wildfires. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147507. [PMID: 35142610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent increases in wildfire frequency and severity necessitate better understanding of health effects of wildfire smoke to protect affected populations. OBJECTIVES We examined relationships between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and morbidity during wildfires in California, and whether those relationships differed during the fire compared to a similar non-fire period. METHODS For nine San Francisco Bay Area counties, daily county-level diagnosis-specific counts of emergency department visits (EDVs) and hospitalizations were linked with county-level estimates of daily mean PM2.5 during the October 2017 Northern California wildfires and similar October days in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Associations were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS The median difference between county PM2.5 during the fire versus the non-fire period was 23.4 μg/m3, with days exceeding 80 μg/m3 in some counties. Over the entire study period, PM2.5 was most consistently linked to EDVs for respiratory disease (RREDV(lag0) per 23.4 μg/m3 increase: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.30), asthma, chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD; RREDV(lag0): 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.27), and acute myocardial infarction (RREDV(lag0): 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.25). Increases in acute upper respiratory infections and decreases in mental/behavioral EDVs were observed but were sensitive to model specification, specifically the inclusion of time-related covariates. Comparing fire and non-fire period EDV associations, we observed indications that PM2.5 during the fire was more strongly associated with asthma (RRlag0: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.55) compared to non-fire period PM2.5 (RRlag0: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.08), and the opposite observed for dysrhythmia, with the asthma difference being particularly robust to model choice. For hospitalizations, the most robust PM2.5 relationships were positive associations with respiratory, CLRD, and diabetes, and inverse associations with pneumonia. Respiratory and CLRD effect estimates were generally similar or smaller than for EDVs. CONCLUSIONS Elevated short-term PM2.5 levels from wildfire smoke appears to impact respiratory and other health domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Malig
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - David Fairley
- Bay Area Air Quality Management District, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dharshani Pearson
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Xiangmei Wu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Keita Ebisu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rupa Basu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
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Aslam I, Roeffaers MBJ. Unique emissive behavior of combustion-derived particles under illumination with femtosecond pulsed near-infrared laser light. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5355-5362. [PMID: 36132640 PMCID: PMC9417851 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to combustion-derived particles (CDPs), such as carbonaceous particulate matter (PM), has adverse effects on human health. Hence, selective detection of these particles in biological environments is required to understand their toxicity. The optical detection of carbonaceous PM is possible in biological samples based on white light (WL) emission under illumination with a femtosecond (fs) pulsed near-infrared (NIR) laser. However, it is unclear if common non-CDPs in ambient PM, such as silica and metal oxides, can interfere with CDP detection when illuminated using a fs-pulsed NIR laser. Here, we show that WL emission, when illuminated with a fs-pulsed NIR laser, is observed only for CDPs amongst other common air pollution particles. We report that the intense WL emission from CDPs spanning over the whole visible spectrum is not observed from non-CDPs. This observation is made for four different CDPs and five different, relevant non-CDPs, in wet and dried samples using biologically relevant imaging conditions. This investigation confirms the uniqueness of WL emission as a selective detection mechanism of CDPs using a multiphoton microscopy platform, commonly available in research laboratories. Furthermore, some relevant signatures for the non-CDPs are provided that could potentially lead to the selective monitoring of pollution related nanoparticles (NPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Aslam
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Maarten B J Roeffaers
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
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Ahn K. Intervention of Particulate Matter: What Can We Do for Asthmatic Patients? ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:677-680. [PMID: 34486253 PMCID: PMC8419650 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.5.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangmo Ahn
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Martin WK, Padilla S, Kim YH, Hunter DL, Hays MD, DeMarini DM, Hazari MS, Gilmour MI, Farraj AK. Zebrafish irritant responses to wildland fire-related biomass smoke are influenced by fuel type, combustion phase, and byproduct chemistry. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:674-688. [PMID: 34006202 PMCID: PMC8237130 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1925608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to wildfire-derived particulate matter (PM) is linked to adverse health outcomes; however, little is known regarding the influence of biomass fuel type and burn conditions on toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess the irritant potential of extractable organic material (EOM) of biomass smoke condensates from five fuels (eucalyptus, pine, pine needle, peat, or red oak), representing various fire-prone regions of the USA, burned at two temperatures each [flaming (approximately 640°C) or (smoldering approximately 500°C)] using a locomotor assay in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. It was postulated that locomotor responses, as measures of irritant effects, might be dependent upon fuel type and burn conditions and that these differences relate to combustion byproduct chemistry. To test this, locomotor activity was tracked for 60 min in 6-day-old zebrafish larvae (25-32/group) immediately after exposure to 0.4% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle or EOM from the biomass smoke condensates (0.3-30 µg EOM/ml; half-log intervals). All EOM samples produced concentration-dependent irritant responses. Linear regression analysis to derive rank-order potency indicated that on a µg PM basis, flaming pine and eucalyptus were the most irritating. In contrast, on an emission-factor basis, which normalizes responses to the amount of PM produced/kg of fuel burned, smoldering smoke condensates induced greater irritant responses (>100-fold) than flaming smoke condensates, with smoldering pine being the most potent. Importantly, irritant responses significantly correlated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content, but not with organic carbon or methoxyphenols. Data indicate that fuel type and burn condition influence the quantity and chemical composition of PM as well as toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kyle Martin
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, UNC-Chapel Hill, USA
| | - S Padilla
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - Y H Kim
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, US
| | - D L Hunter
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - M D Hays
- Air Methods & Characterization Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - D M DeMarini
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - M S Hazari
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - M I Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
| | - A K Farraj
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Us Epa, Rtp, NC, US
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Rutherford JW, Larson T, Gould T, Seto E, Novosselov IV, Posner JD. Source Apportionment of Environmental Combustion Sources using Excitation Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Machine Learning. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2021; 259:118501. [PMID: 34321954 PMCID: PMC8312701 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The link between particulate matter (PM) air pollution and negative health effects is well-established. Air pollution was estimated to cause 4.9 million deaths in 2017 and PM was responsible for 94% of these deaths. In order to inform effective mitigation strategies in the future, further study of PM and its health effects is important. Here, we present a method for identifying sources of combustion generated PM using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning (ML) algorithms. PM samples were collected during a health effects exposure assessment panel study in Seattle. We use archived field samples from the exposure study and the associated positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment based on X-ray fluorescence and light absorbing carbon measurements to train convolutional neural network and principal component regression algorithms. We show EEM spectra from cyclohexane extracts of the archived filter samples can be used to accurately apportion mobile and vegetative burning sources but were unable to detect crustal dust, Cl-rich, secondary sulfate and fuel oil sources. The use of this EEM-ML approach may be used to conduct PM exposure studies that include source apportionment of combustion sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W. Rutherford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Timothy Larson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Timothy Gould
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Igor V. Novosselov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Posner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
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Danek T, Zaręba M. The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, Poland. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21155208. [PMID: 34372442 PMCID: PMC8347555 DOI: 10.3390/s21155208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the public data provided by low-cost sensors (LCS), which were used for spatial and temporal studies of air quality in Krakow. A PM (particulate matter) dataset was obtained in spring in 2021, during which a fairly strict lockdown was in force as a result of COVID-19. Therefore, we were able to separate the effect of solid fuel heating from other sources of background pollution, mainly caused by urban transport. Moreover, we analyzed the historical data of PM2.5 from 2010 to 2019 to show the effect of grassroots efforts and pro-clean-air legislation changes in Krakow. We designed a unique workflow with a time-spatial analysis of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, and temperature data from Airly(c) sensors located in Krakow and its surroundings. Using geostatistical methods, we showed that Krakow's neighboring cities are the main sources of air pollution from solid fuel heating in the city. Additionally, we showed that the changes in the law in Krakow significantly reduced the PM concentration as compared to neighboring municipalities without a fossil fuel prohibition law. Moreover, our research demonstrates that informative campaigns and education are important initiating factors in order to bring about cleaner air in the future.
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Jalaludin B, Garden FL, Chrzanowska A, Haryanto B, Cowie CT, Lestari F, Morgan G, Mazumdar S, Metcalf K, Marks GB. Associations Between Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Cognitive Function in Indonesian Children Living in Forest Fire-Prone Provinces. Asia Pac J Public Health 2021; 34:96-105. [PMID: 34243677 DOI: 10.1177/10105395211031735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Smoke from forest fires can reach hazardous levels for extended periods of time. We aimed to determine if there is an association between particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and living in a forest fire-prone province and cognitive function. We used data from the Indonesian Family and Life Survey. Cognitive function was assessed by the Ravens Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM). We used regression models to estimate associations between PM2.5 and living in a forest fire-prone province and cognitive function. In multivariable models, we found very small positive relationships between PM2.5 levels and RCPM scores (PM2.5 level at year of survey: β = 0.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01% to 0.19%). There were no differences in RCPM scores for children living in forest fire-prone provinces compared with children living in non-forest fire-prone provinces (mean difference = -1.16%, 95% CI = -2.53% to 0.21%). RCPM scores were lower for children who had lived in a forest fire-prone province all their lives compared with children who lived in a non-forest fire-prone province all their life (β = -1.50%; 95% CI = -2.94% to -0.07%). Living in a forest fire-prone province for a prolonged period of time negatively affected cognitive scores after adjusting for individual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jalaludin
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances L Garden
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Agata Chrzanowska
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Christine T Cowie
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Soumya Mazumdar
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kasey Metcalf
- Liverpool Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy B Marks
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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Ventilation-Associated Particulate Matter Is a Potential Reservoir of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Health Facilities. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070639. [PMID: 34209235 PMCID: PMC8307074 DOI: 10.3390/life11070639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) develop due to the colonisation of patients and healthcare workers by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). Here, we investigated whether the particulate matter from the ventilation systems (Vent-PM) of health facilities can harbour MDRO and other microbes, thereby acting as a potential reservoir of HCAIs. Dust samples collected in the ventilation grilles and adjacent air ducts underwent a detailed analysis of physicochemical properties and biodiversity. All Vent-PM samples included ultrafine PM capable of reaching the alveoli. Strikingly, >70% of Vent-PM samples were contaminated, mostly by viruses (>15%) or multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing bacterial strains (60% and 48% of all bacteria-contaminated specimens, respectively). Total viable count at 1 m from the ventilation grilles was significantly increased after opening doors and windows, indicating an association between air flow and bacterial contamination. Both chemical and microbial compositions of Vent-PM considerably differed across surgical vs. non-surgical and intensive vs. elective care units and between health facilities located in coal and chemical districts. Reduced diversity among MDRO and increased prevalence ratio in multidrug-resistant to the total Enterococcus spp. in Vent-PM testified to the evolving antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, we suggest Vent-PM as a previously underestimated reservoir of HCAI-causing pathogens in the hospital environment.
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Source Analysis and Human Health Risk Assessment Based on Entropy Weight Method Modification of PM2.5 Heavy Metal in an Industrial Area in the Northeast of China. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12070852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, PM2.5 was analyzed for heavy metals at two sites in industrial northeast China to determine their sources and human health risks during heating and non-heating periods. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model determined sources, and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and entropy weight methods were used to assess human health risk. PM2.5 heavy metal concentrations were higher in the heating period than in the non-heating period. In the heating period, coal combustion (59.64%) was the primary heavy metal source at Huagong Hospitals, and the contribution rates of industrial emissions and traffic emissions were 21.06% and 19.30%, respectively. Industrial emissions (42.14%) were the primary source at Xinqu Park, and the contribution rates of coal combustion and traffic emissions were 34.03% and 23.83%, respectively. During the non-heating period, coal combustion (45.29%) and industrial emissions 45.29% and 44.59%, respectively, were the primary sources at Huagong Hospital, and the traffic emissions were 10.12%. Industrial emissions (43.64%) were the primary sources at Xinqu Park, where the coal combustion and traffic emissions were 25.35% and 31.00%, respectively. In the heating period, PM2.5 heavy metals at Xinqu Park had noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, and the hazard index of children (5.74) was higher than that of adult males (5.28) and females (4.49). However, adult males and females had the highest lifetime carcinogenic risk (1.38 × 10−3 and 1.17 × 10−3) than children (3.00 × 10−4). The traditional USEPA and entropy weight methods both produced reasonable results. However, when there is a difference between the two methods, the entropy weight method is recommended to assess noncarcinogenic health risks.
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Pini L, Giordani J, Concoreggi C, Zanardini E, Pini A, Perger E, Bargagli E, Di Bona D, Ciarfaglia M, Tantucci C. Effects of short-term exposure to particulate matter on emergency department admission and hospitalization for asthma exacerbations in Brescia district. J Asthma 2021; 59:1290-1297. [PMID: 33980121 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1929310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising pollution plays a crucial role in worsening several respiratory diseases. Particulate Matter (PM)-induced asthma exacerbations are one of the most dangerous events. OBJECTIVES To assess the correlation between progressive particulate matter short-term exposure and asthma exacerbations, we investigated the role of PM levels on Emergency Department (ED) admissions and hospitalizations for these events in Brescia, an important industrial city located in northern Italy with high yearly levels of air pollution. METHODS We analyzed 1050 clinical records of ED admissions for suspected asthma exacerbation, starting from January 2014 to December 2017. Daily PM levels were collected from the Environmental Protection Regional Agency. We performed a time-series analysis using a Poisson regression model with single and multiple day-lag. Results were expressed as Relative Risk (RR) and Excess of Relative Risk (ERR) of severe asthma exacerbation over a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10 and PM2.5 concentration. RESULTS We selected and focused our analysis on 543 admissions for indisputable asthma exacerbation in ED and hospital. The time-series study showed an increase of the RR (CI95%) for asthma exacerbation-related ED admissions of 1.24 with an ERR of 24.2% for PM2.5 at lag0-1 (p < 0.05). We also estimated for PM2.5 a RR (CI95%) of 1.12 with an ERR of 12.5% at lag0-5 (p ≤ 0.05). Again, for PM2.5, an increase of the RR (CI95%) for asthma exacerbation-related hospitalizations of 1.31 with an ERR of 30.7% at lag0-1 (p < 0.05) has been documented. These findings were confirmed and even reinforced considering only the population living in the city. CONCLUSIONS Short-term PM exposure, especially for PM2.5, plays a critical role in inducing asthma exacerbation events leading to ED admission or hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pini
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, ASST - Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jordan Giordani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Concoreggi
- Emergency Department, ASST - Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Zanardini
- Post-Graduate School of Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Departement de épidemiologie d'Intervention et Formation, Epicentre, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Perger
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuela Ciarfaglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudio Tantucci
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, ASST - Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Magni LF, Castro LN, Rendina AE. Evaluation of heavy metal contamination levels in river sediments and their risk to human health in urban areas: A case study in the Matanza-Riachuelo Basin, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:110979. [PMID: 33711323 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic contamination of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in riverbed sediments of the Pampean area (Matanza-Riachuelo Basin, MRB), Argentina, was evaluated using various indices: Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (Cf), Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Contamination Degree (Cdeg). A database based on previous samplings of heavy metal concentrations at different sites in the Upper, Middle and Lower MRB was used. The Igeo and Cf values are calculated using selected local background (Pristine Pampean loess, LZB), and global average shale values (ASTW). Paired Igeo and Cf results with LZB and ASTW fall in dissimilar classes, especially in respect of Cd. In turn, MPI, PLI and Cdeg show similar results, as they do not have the same degree of confidence as Igeo and Cf. The Upper Basin, mainly rural, shows the following profile of sediment contamination: Cd > Ni > Cu ≫ Pb > Zn > Cr. The Middle Basin, which is at the periphery of a very industrialised and urban area, displays the following contamination profile for both Igeo and Cf: Cu > Pb > Zn > Ni > Cd > Cr. Conversely, in the Lower Basin, where land-use is urban/industrial, the levels of metal contamination are higher and appear in this order: Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cd. Cadmium, Cu, Ni and Zn have shown no significant oral and/or dermal HQ nor carcinogenic risk but the potential risk posed by Cr and Pb must be taken into account. Maximum and mean values of Cr total carcinogenic risk (TCR) as well as Ni TCR also point to a health risk to children in the Lower Basin Area. All the data analysed confirm that industrial and urban growth without land-use planning, and a poor environmental legislation until the beginning of the 21st century, have not provided the necessary framework for sustainable development in the MRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Francisco Magni
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Av. San Martín, 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Norma Castro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Av. San Martín, 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas-IGEBA (Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires). Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alicia Elena Rendina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente. Cátedra de Química Inorgánica y Analítica. Av. San Martín, 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Shehab M, Pope FD, Delgado-Saborit JM. The contribution of cooking appliances and residential traffic proximity to aerosol personal exposure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:307-318. [PMID: 34150237 PMCID: PMC8172705 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Indoor and outdoor factors affect personal exposure to air pollutants. Type of cooking appliance (i.e. gas, electricity), and residential location related to traffic are such factors. This research aims to investigate the effect of cooking with gas and electric appliances, as an indoor source of aerosols, and residential traffic as outdoor sources, on personal exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and ultrafine particles (UFP). METHODS Forty subjects were sampled for four consecutive days measuring personal exposures to three aerosol pollutants, namely PM2.5, BC, and UFP, which were measured using personal sensors. Subjects were equally distributed into four categories according to the use of gas or electric stoves for cooking, and to residential traffic (i.e. houses located near or away from busy roads). RESULTS/CONCLUSION Cooking was identified as an indoor activity affecting exposure to aerosols, with mean concentrations during cooking ranging 24.7-50.0 μg/m3 (PM2.5), 1.8-4.9 μg/m3 (BC), and 1.4 × 104-4.1 × 104 particles/cm3 (UFP). This study also suggest that traffic is a dominant source of exposure to BC, since people living near busy roads are exposed to higher BC concentrations than those living further away from traffic. In contrast, the contribution of indoor sources to personal exposure to PM2.5 and UFP seems to be greater than from outdoor traffic sources. This is probably related to a combination of the type of building construction and a varying range of activities conducted indoors. It is recommended to ensure a good ventilation during cooking to minimize exposure to cooking aerosols. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-020-00604-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shehab
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), Shuwaikh Industrial, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - F. D. Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - J. M. Delgado-Saborit
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang B, Chen H, Xenaki D, Liao J, Cowie C, Oliver BG. Differential inflammatory and toxic effects in-vitro of wood smoke and traffic-related particulate matter from Sydney, Australia. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129616. [PMID: 33482518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that PM2.5 generated by traffic or burning wood is pro-inflammatory and induces various adverse health outcomes in humans. In Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, the main anthropogenic contributors to particulate matter (PM) air pollution are wood combustion heaters, on-road vehicles, and coal-fired power stations. However, the relative toxicity of these local sources has not to date been investigated. METHOD PM2.5 was collected on filters from the same sampling site in Liverpool, one suburb of Sydney. According to the positive matrix factorisation and collection season, filters were representative of either day with high traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), wood smoke, or both TRAP and woodsmoke (mixed air pollution). The elemental composition of the PM was assessed by accelerator-based ion beam analysis techniques (i.e. PIXE & PIGE) and size by Dynamic Light Scattering. Toxicity and inflammation were assessed in-vitro in human bronchial epithelial cells by measuring interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) release, and MTT. RESULTS Mixed air pollution (TRAP/wood smoke) PM had more nanometer (nm) sized PM than the other two groups. Using an in-vitro model of the lungs, the mixed air pollution PM was the most toxic, whereas the PM from woodsmoke induced greater IL-6 release than TRAP PM. There was no difference in the induction of IL-8 between the three sources of PM. CONCLUSION Marked differences occur in the cellular response to PM from different sources, with differences in both toxicity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dia Xenaki
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiayan Liao
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Christine Cowie
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; South West Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Chen H, Oliver BG, Pant A, Olivera A, Poronnik P, Pollock CA, Saad S. Particulate Matter, an Intrauterine Toxin Affecting Foetal Development and Beyond. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050732. [PMID: 34066412 PMCID: PMC8148178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is the 9th cause of the overall disease burden globally. The solid component in the polluted air, particulate matters (PMs) with a diameter of 2.5 μm or smaller (PM2.5) possess a significant health risk to several organ systems. PM2.5 has also been shown to cross the blood–placental barrier and circulate in foetal blood. Therefore, it is considered an intrauterine environmental toxin. Exposure to PM2.5 during the perinatal period, when the foetus is particularly susceptible to developmental defects, has been shown to reduce birth weight and cause preterm birth, with an increase in adult disease susceptibility in the offspring. However, few studies have thoroughly studied the health outcome of foetuses due to intrauterine exposure and the underlying mechanisms. This perspective summarises currently available evidence, which suggests that intrauterine exposure to PM2.5 promotes oxidative stress and inflammation in a similar manner as occurs in response to direct PM exposure. Oxidative stress and inflammation are likely to be the common mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of multiple systems, offering potential targets for preventative strategies in pregnant mothers for an optimal foetal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Anushriya Pant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Annabel Olivera
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (B.G.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Philip Poronnik
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.S.)
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Wang T, Rovira J, Sierra J, Blanco J, Chen SJ, Mai BX, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Characterization of airborne particles and cytotoxicity to a human lung cancer cell line in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110953. [PMID: 33667474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution by airborne particles is a serious health problem worldwide. The present study was aimed at investigating the concentrations and composition of total suspended particles (TSPs) and PM2.5 at various industrial/commercial sites of Guangzhou, a megacity of Southern China. Major and trace elements, ions and carbonaceous fraction were determined and main components were calculated. In addition, in order to assess the potential toxic on the respiratory system of these PM, cytotoxicity of size-fractionated particles (PM10-5.6, PM5.6-3.3, PM3.3-1.1, PM1.1-0.43) for a human lung cancer cell line (A549) was also investigated. Correlations between PM constituents and toxicity were assessed. Median levels of TSPs and PM2.5 in industrial/commercial sites were 206 and 57.7 μg/m3, respectively. Nickel, Cu, Mo, Mn, Pb, and Ti were the most abundant metals in TSPs and PM2.5. Industrial activities and coal combustion were the most important sources of carbonaceous particles in the zone. MTT assays showed that PM10-5.6 and PM1.1-0.43 had the highest and the lowest cytotoxicity to A549 cell lines, respectively. Inhalable particles around the manufacturing of metal facilities and formal waste treatment plants showed a high cytotoxicity to A549 cell lines. In general terms, no significant correlations were found between main components of PM and toxicity. However, W showed a significant correlation with cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament D'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament D'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII S/n, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - She-Jun Chen
- Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament D'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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