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Felicetti T, Sarnari C, Gaito R, Tabarrini O, Manfroni G. Recent Progress toward the Discovery of Small Molecules as Novel Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Agents. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11543-11579. [PMID: 38970494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) stands as the foremost cause of infant hospitalization globally, ranking second only to malaria in terms of infant mortality. Although three vaccines have recently been approved for the prophylaxis of adults aged 60 and above, and pregnant women, there is currently no effective antiviral drug for treating RSV infections. The only preventive measure for infants at high risk of severe RSV disease is passive immunization through monoclonal antibodies. This Perspective offers an overview of the latest advancements in RSV drug discovery of small molecule antivirals, with particular focus on the promising findings from agents targeting the fusion and polymerase proteins. A comprehensive reflection on the current state of RSV research is also given, drawing inspiration from the lessons gleaned from HCV and HIV, while also considering the impact of the recent approval of the three vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo, 1-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sarnari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo, 1-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Gaito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo, 1-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo, 1-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Del Liceo, 1-06123, Perugia, Italy
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Viberg A, Byström B. Frequency and Outcome of Emergency Penetrating Keratoplasty in Infectious Keratitis in Sweden During the 21st Century. Cornea 2024:00003226-990000000-00634. [PMID: 39046831 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the frequency over time and outcome of penetrating keratoplasty (PK), "keratoplasty à chaud," in patients with infectious keratitis with 2-year follow-up data. METHODS This register-based study included keratitis cases that had undergone PK in Sweden between 2001 and 2020 and reported to the Swedish Corneal Transplant Register. RESULTS During the study period, 69 eyes were subjected to acute PK due to progressive infectious keratitis. The number increased from 2 annual procedures in the first half of the study period to 5 in the second half (P = 0.01). Preoperative corneal perforation was present in 43.5% (n = 30) of the eyes. Two years after surgery, follow-up data were completed in the register for 53 eyes; of these, 62.3% (n = 33) were considered to have functioning grafts, and 20.8% (n = 11) had experienced a rejection episode. The visual acuity improved from hand motion to counting fingers (P = 0.002), and the proportion of eyes with a visual acuity of ≤1.0 logMAR increased from 5.7% (n = 3) before the surgery to 45.3% (n = 24) at the 2-year follow-up (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The number of active infectious keratitis cases undergoing keratoplasty à chaud increased in Sweden during the 21st century. Most of the cases were successful regarding the structural integrity of the bulb, that is, "had a saved eye" and even a functioning graft 2 years after corneal transplantation. The visual gain was distinct, albeit modest. In cases with severe infectious keratitis, and even a concomitant perforation in the cornea due to the infection, corneal transplantation should continue to be an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Viberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Hassane Dan Karami NO, Greder K, Bao J, Kim D, Russell D. Vaccine Uptake and Perspectives Among Latina Immigrant Mothers in Rural Communities in a Midwestern State. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241266609. [PMID: 39033309 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241266609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine the prevalence of and characteristics related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. DESIGN Quantitative and qualitative data collected at two-time points via phone interviews. SETTING Rural Midwestern communities. SAMPLE 109 Latina mothers with incomes < 185% FPL, at least one child < age 12 recruited from a Midwestern state based on two previous studies. MEASURES Mothers responded to the following variables through a survey: Vaccine uptake measured by responses to, Have you received a vaccination shot for COVID-19. Tested predictors of vaccine uptake included: income, gender, education, immigration status, confidence in vaccine, belief the pandemic is over). Mothers' perspectives regarding the vaccine explored via responses to Why haven't you received COVID-19 vaccine?. ANALYSIS Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted. Demographic variables and attitudes toward the vaccine served as predictors of mothers' vaccine uptake. Qualitative data were analyzed to shed light on mothers' perspectives on receiving the vaccine. RESULTS Mother's confidence in the vaccine predicted vaccine uptake in 2021 (aOR=1.332, 95% CI: 1.07-1.65) and 2022 (aOR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.11-1.97). In 2021, income also predicted vaccine uptake (aOR=1; 95% CI: 1-1.002). Overarching themes: "vaccination is not necessary","mistrust of the vaccine", and "vaccine as protector". CONCLUSION Vaccinated mothers viewed the vaccine as a protection from being infected or gravely ill. For unvaccinated mothers, messages are needed that communicate the vaccine can protect them from virus transmission from household members who unknowingly are infected, as well as from different virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Bao
- University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Dahee Kim
- University of Central Florida, Storrs, CT, USA
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Karimi Afshar M, Behniafar M, Abbaszadeh E, Parizi MT, Karimi Afshar M. Knowledge about dental care in patients with head and neck cancer among senior dental school students: a cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:776. [PMID: 39030591 PMCID: PMC11264978 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dentist's central role in treating head and neck cancer patients is to care for the patient's oral cavity before, during, and after radio/chemotherapy. This research aimed to determine dental students' knowledge about head and neck cancer patients' dental care. METHODS One hundred and four fifth and sixth-year dental students participated in this cross-sectional descriptive study. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that collected demographic information (gender, year of study) and four questions consisting of attendance to courses or workshops, passing a dedicated course at the university, willing to participate in a course or workshop on the treatment of head and neck cancer patients and self-evaluating information about the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. Final part 36 questions about oral and dental care for head and neck cancer patients before, after, and during treatment. The data were analyzed with SPSS 26 statistical software and using t-tests, ANOVA, and linear regression at the 0.05 significance level. RESULTS Most of the participants were in their sixth year (48.9%). A total of 48.1% of the people reported that their information about dental treatments in patients with head and neck cancer was bad. 85% of participants agreed with the necessity of evaluating the patient's mouth and teeth before starting the treatment. The lowest percentage of correct answers was related to the ideal duration of tooth extraction and a poor prognosis before the start of cancer treatment. The regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between years of education, willingness to participate in courses, and students' knowledge evaluation and knowledge. CONCLUSION The findings showed that students' awareness of oral and dental treatment and care for patients with head and neck cancer is insufficient. It is recommended that teaching staff pay more attention to the lack of knowledge and effort to educate students by holding special courses and workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Karimi Afshar
- Orthodontics, Medical Education, Orthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Milad Behniafar
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Private Practice, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Abbaszadeh
- Oral Medicine, Oral Disease Department, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Molook Torabi Parizi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Medical Education, Oral and Maxillofacial Department, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Karimi Afshar
- Prosthodontics, Medical Education, Prosthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Zhu Y, Nan P, Zhu Z, Ji Y, Zhuo B, Xu W, Ge Y. Pseudonectria keratitis-emerging pathogenic fungi in the eye. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:64. [PMID: 39026348 PMCID: PMC11264510 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious keratitis, a significant contributor to blindness, with fungal keratitis accounting for nearly half of cases, poses a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to its delayed clinical presentation, prolonged culture times, and the limited availability of effective antifungal medications. Furthermore, infections caused by rare fungal strains warrant equal attention in the management of this condition. CASE PRESENTATION A case of fungal keratitis was presented, where corneal scraping material culture yielded pink colonies. Lactophenol cotton blue staining revealed distinctive spore formation consistent with the Fusarium species. Further analysis using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identified the causative agent as Fusarium proliferatum. However, definitive diagnosis of Pseudonectria foliicola infection was confirmed through ITS sequencing. The patient's recovery was achieved with a combination therapy of voriconazole eye drops and itraconazole systemic treatment. CONCLUSION Pseudonectria foliicola is a plant pathogenic bacterium that has never been reported in human infections before. Therefore, ophthalmologists should consider Pseudonectria foliicola as a possible cause of fungal keratitis, as early identification and timely treatment can help improve vision in most eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongze Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Peng Nan
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Youqi Ji
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Bingqian Zhuo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yumei Ge
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Head and Neck Cancers of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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Yılmaz Y, Güleç S, Sarıçam H. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the aftermath of the Turkey earthquake: exploring the role of demographics, level of exposure, and personality traits. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38988060 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2024.2376611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an important mental disorder that can develop after mass traumas such as earthquakes. In our study, we aimed to investigate the development of PTSD after the Turkey earthquake (6 February 2023) and its association with some demographic variables, personality traits, and psychological vulnerability. METHOD 547 participants completed assessments of personality, disaster exposure, and PTSD symptoms. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify predictors of PTSD symptoms. RESULTS PTSD scores were higher in women, single people, those with low educational level, those who witnessed someone else's injury or death, those who were injured, and those whose homes were destroyed. Physical injury, conscientiousness, marital status, income, and agreeableness predicted PTSD. Among these variables, physical injury was the strongest predictor of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Psychological vulnerability, conscientiousness, physical injury, employment, witnessing someone else's injury, gender, and emotional stability predicted PTSD score in a significant way. Physical injury, conscientiousness, marital status, income, agreeableness predicted PTSD in a significant way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Yılmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sezen Güleç
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sarıçam
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Masih M, Wagstaff C, Kaur-Aujla H. The global psychological and physical effects of domestic abuse and violence on South Asian women: a qualitative systematic review. Front Glob Womens Health 2024; 5:1365883. [PMID: 39045141 PMCID: PMC11263282 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1365883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this review is to systematically extract and analyse global academic literature to determine the physical and psychological effects of domestic abuse and violence on South Asian women. Design This review employs a qualitative systematic approach and thematic analysis to synthesize the narratives of affected women found in the literature. Given that domestic violence is often concealed and downplayed by various social factors, statistical reports and prevalence data offer only a limited view of the issue due to underreporting. Therefore, qualitative literature is deemed more dependable in this subjective domain as it captures and interprets the experiences and meanings within this under-studied group. Data sources Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Web Of Science, MEDLINE, and ASSIA were searched. Review methods All included studies were critically appraised using the CASP tool for qualitative research. Thematic analysis was conducted to develop six themes. Studies excluded did not address the research question, although intersecting population issues could be valuable topics for further research. Results The literature indicates severe mental and physical health consequences of domestic violence and abuse, with some traits persisting long-term. The analysis underscores the significant role of resilience, suggesting that individuals can overcome traumatic social experiences without enduring lifelong labels or a deficit model. Conclusion The findings provide support for future interventions aimed at recognizing signs of abuse and preventing severe psychological and physical consequences, particularly among South Asian women. Further research is needed to understand the impact on children and other family members affected by the victim's abuse, which falls beyond the scope of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harjinder Kaur-Aujla
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Birmingham Edgbaston, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Hill J, Massey E, Gullo H. Understanding the experience of community-based fitness professionals supporting people with disability to engage in sport and exercise: a national survey. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:3086-3096. [PMID: 37578127 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2246890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The benefits of sport and exercise participation for people with disability are well acknowledged. However, people with disability report numerous barriers to participating in sport and exercise, including negative interactions with fitness professionals. Limited research is available from the perspective of fitness professionals. This study aimed to understand the experience of fitness professionals supporting people with disability to engage in sport and exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional survey study was used to gather quantitative and qualitative data on community-based fitness professionals from Australia, with or without experience working with a person with disability. RESULTS A total of 72 fitness professionals took part in the study with most reporting experience and confidence in working with people with disabilities. Several barriers were identified with participants highlighting the lack of disability-specific training. Participants also identified potential facilitators, including effective collaboration with allied health professionals. CONCLUSION There is emerging interest for fitness professionals to support people with disability to engage in sport and exercise. However, changes are required within the education provided to fitness professionals and with the current collaborative model with allied health professionals to better support the participation of people with disability in sport and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hill
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elise Massey
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah Gullo
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Marshall DA, Suryaprakash N, Lavallee DC, McCarron TL, Zelinsky S, Barker KL, MacKean G, Santana MJ, Moayyedi P, Bryan S. Studying How Patient Engagement Influences Research: A Mixed Methods Study. THE PATIENT 2024; 17:379-395. [PMID: 38488995 PMCID: PMC11189989 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-024-00685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence supporting the value of patient engagement (PE) in research to patients and researchers. However, there is little research evidence on the influence of PE throughout the entire research process as well as the outcomes of research engagement. The purpose of our study is to add to this evidence. METHODS We used a convergent mixed method design to guide the integration of our survey data and observation data to assess the influence of PE in two groups, comprising patient research partners (PRPs), clinicians, and researchers. A PRP led one group (PLG) and an academic researcher led the other (RLG). Both groups were given the same research question and tasked to design and conduct an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related patient preference study. We administered validated evaluation tools at three points and observed PE in the two groups conducting the IBD study. RESULTS PRPs in both groups took on many operational roles and influenced all stages of the IBD-related qualitative study: launch, design, implementation, and knowledge translation. PRPs provided more clarity on the study design, target population, inclusion-exclusion criteria, data collection approach, and the results. PRPs helped operationalize the project question, develop study material and data collection instruments, collect data, and present the data in a relevant and understandable manner to the patient community. The synergy of collaborative partnership resulted in two projects that were patient-centered, meaningful, understandable, legitimate, rigorous, adaptable, feasible, ethical and transparent, timely, and sustainable. CONCLUSION Collaborative and meaningful engagement of patients and researchers can influence all stages of qualitative research including design and approach, and outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Marshall
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Health Research Innovation Centre (HRIC) Building, Room 3C58, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- IMAGINE SPOR Chronic Disease Network, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Nitya Suryaprakash
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Tamara L McCarron
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Health Research Innovation Centre (HRIC) Building, Room 3C58, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Sandra Zelinsky
- Alberta Strategy for Patient Oriented Research (SPOR) Support Unit, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karis L Barker
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Health Research Innovation Centre (HRIC) Building, Room 3C58, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Gail MacKean
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Health Research Innovation Centre (HRIC) Building, Room 3C58, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Maria J Santana
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- IMAGINE SPOR Chronic Disease Network, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stirling Bryan
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Health Research, British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Digmayer Romero VH, Signori C, Uehara JLS, Montagner AF, van de Sande FH, Maydana GS, Chaves ET, Schwendicke F, Braga MM, Huysmans MC, Mendes FM, Cenci MS. Diagnostic Strategies for Restorations Management: A 70-Month RCT. J Dent Res 2024; 103:697-704. [PMID: 38752325 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241247773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the impact of 2 visual diagnostic strategies for assessing secondary caries and managing permanent posterior restorations on long-term survival. We conducted a diagnostic cluster-randomized clinical trial with 2 parallel groups using different diagnostic strategies: (C+AS) based on caries assessment, marginal adaptation, and marginal staining aspects of the FDI (World Dental Federation) criteria and (C) based on caries assessment using the Caries Associated with Restorations or Sealants (CARS) criteria described by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The treatment for the restoration was conducted based on the decision made following the allocated diagnostic strategy. The restorations were then clinically reevaluated for up to 71 mo. The primary outcome was restoration failure (including tooth-level failure: pain, endodontic treatment, and extraction). Cox regression analyses with shared frailty were conducted in the intention-to-treat population, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were derived. We included 727 restorations from 185 participants and reassessed 502 (69.1%) restorations during follow-up. The evaluations occurred between 6 and 71 mo. At baseline, C led to almost 4 times fewer interventions compared with the C+AS strategy. A total of 371 restorations were assessed in the C group, from which 31 (8.4%) were repaired or replaced. In contrast, the C+AS group had 356 restorations assessed, from which 113 (31.7%) were repaired or replaced. During follow-up, 34 (9.2%) failures were detected in the restorations allocated to the C group and 30 (8.4%) allocated to the C+AS group in the intention-to-treat population, with no significant difference between the groups (HR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.51 to 1.38; P = 0.435, C+AS as reference). In conclusion, a diagnostic strategy focusing on marginal defects results in more initial interventions but does not improve longevity over the caries-focused strategy, suggesting the need for more conservative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Digmayer Romero
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Signori
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Uniavan University Center, Balneário Camboriú, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - J L S Uehara
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - A F Montagner
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F H van de Sande
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - G S Maydana
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - E T Chaves
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F Schwendicke
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M M Braga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M-C Huysmans
- Department of Dentistry, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F M Mendes
- Department of Dentistry, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Cenci
- Department of Dentistry, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sambol S, Dadswell K, Hanlon C. Beyond stereotypes: The role of exposure in reshaping Children's biases towards women as coaches in sports. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 73:102634. [PMID: 38554927 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The underrepresentation of women in sports coaching, linked to discrimination and bias may, according to contact theory, be mitigated by increasing the visibility of women coaches, especially among children. Our study examined whether young athletes exposed to women coaches affected their explicit and implicit biases compared to unexposed peers. Seventy-five children aged between 4 and 17 years were evaluated using two explicit attitude measures and an Implicit Association Task. Results indicated that participants with women coach experience were more explicitly satisfied with woman coaches, preferred them more as potential coaches, and associated men with sports less than those without such exposure. Whilst exposure and implicit bias significantly predicted explicit satisfaction, exposure did not moderate the bias relationship. This suggests that exposure to women coaches reduces negative attitudes in young athletes but does not significantly affect the underlying influence of implicit biases, indicating a need for more comprehensive strategies to address gender inequalities in sports coaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stjepan Sambol
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kara Dadswell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Hanlon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Brust M, Gebhardt WA, Ter Hoeve N, Numans ME, Kiefte-de Jong JC. Exploring timing and delivery of lifestyle advice following an acute cardiac event hospitalization: The cardiac patient's perspective. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 124:108279. [PMID: 38565073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the perspective of cardiac patients regarding the timing and manner of delivering lifestyle advice following an acute cardiac event hospitalization. METHODS Dutch cardiac patients who experienced a cardiac event hospitalization participated in a semi-structured interview (n = 14) or a cross-sectional survey study (n = 119). RESULTS Our findings indicate that cardiac patients are receptive to lifestyle advice throughout the care trajectory. Advice delivered by a cardiologist had the highest self-reported impact. Furthermore, receiving advice at multiple phases during the care trajectory was associated with a greater intention to change lifestyle (B = 0.37, CI = 0.17 - 0.57). Patients favored clear-cut, feasible, and friendly but confronting advice. Moreover, they stressed the importance of advice being aligned with their identity and beliefs about the causes of their disease. CONCLUSION The period following an acute cardiac event provides a unique opportunity to offer tailored and patient-centered lifestyle advice. This "teachable window" for lifestyle change, when used wisely, may improve health outcomes for cardiac patients. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Healthcare professionals should initiate lifestyle advice already during hospitalization and continue during follow-up appointments and cardiac rehabilitation. Advice should be feasible and empathy-based, as well as tailored to the patient's needs, values, and perceptions of the causes of their cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Brust
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care/ Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Winifred A Gebhardt
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
| | - Nienke Ter Hoeve
- Capri Cardiac Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus University Medical Centre, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mattijs E Numans
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care/ Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care/ Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands.
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Patel SE, Chesnut SR. Relationships Among Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Pain, Daily Activities, and Quality of Life. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2024; 53:416-426. [PMID: 38599242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine women's experiences of pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) pain. DESIGN Descriptive, cross-sectional. SETTING Online questionnaires in a Facebook PCS support group. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of 143 women who self-identified as being diagnosed with PCS. METHODS We recruited women through a social media support group and invited them to participate in a self-reported questionnaire. We collected demographic information and used the McGill Pain Questionnaire to elicit responses related to pain quality, pain intensity, quality of life, and satisfaction with health care. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients. RESULTS Respondents characterized their PCS pain as exhausting, stabbing, sharp, shooting, and tender. Respondents indicated that 19 of 24 daily activities increased PCS pain, whereas only 5 reduced PCS pain. Pain intensity was negatively related to the quality of life, health satisfaction, sleep, and sexual relationships. CONCLUSION Chronic pelvic pain from PCS severely affected quality of life among respondents. These findings suggest a difference in the presentation of PCS from historical pain depictions and further highlight the need to identify pain profiles to increase timely and precise diagnosis. Further research is needed to evaluate interventions to increase the quality of life for women with PCS.
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14
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Matava CT, Bordini M, Sullivan BO, Garcia-Tejedor GA, Gai N, Petroz G, Donnell CM, Alam F, Brazel K, Caldeira-Kulbakas M. Virtual parental presence with coaching for reducing preoperative anxiety in children: a feasibility and pilot randomized controlled trial. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY (ELSEVIER) 2024; 74:844533. [PMID: 38942079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2024.844533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative anxiety in children causes negative postoperative outcomes. Parental presence at induction is a non-pharmacological strategy for relieving anxiety; nevertheless, it is not always possible or effective, namely when parents are overly anxious. Parental presence via video has been demonstrated to be useful in other contexts (divorce, criminal court). This study reports the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of video parental presence and parental coaching at induction on preoperative anxiety. METHODS The study was a randomized, 2 × 2 factorial design trial examining parental presence (virtual vs. physical) and coaching (provided vs. not provided). Feasibility was assessed by enrollment rate, attrition rate, compliance, and staff satisfaction with virtual method with the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and System Usability Scale (SUS). For the children's anxiety and postoperative outcomes, the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) and Post-Hospitalization Behavioral Questionnaire (PHBQ) were used. Parental anxiety was evaluated with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 41 parent/patient dyads were recruited. The enrollment rate was 32.2%, the attrition rate 25.5%. Compliance was 87.8% for parents and 85% for staff. The SUS was 67.5/100 and 63.5/100 and NASA-TLX was 29.2 (21.5-36.8) and 27.6 (8.2-3.7) for the anesthesiologists and induction nurses, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in mYPAS, PHBQ and STAI. CONCLUSION A randomized controlled trial to explore virtual parental presence effect on preoperative anxiety is feasible. Further studies are needed to investigate its role and the role of parent coaching in reducing preoperative anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyde T Matava
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Martina Bordini
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Ben O' Sullivan
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nan Gai
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy Petroz
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conor Mc Donnell
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fahad Alam
- University of Toronto, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie Brazel
- Hospital for Sick Children, Child Life Department, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Akrong GB, Hiadzi RA, Donkor AB, Anafo DK. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Ghana: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305993. [PMID: 38917063 PMCID: PMC11198846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The propensity to accept vaccines and factors that affect vaccine acceptance and hesitancy will determine the overall success of the COVID-19 vaccination program. Therefore, countries need to understand the factors that influence vaccine acceptance and hesitancy to prevent further future shocks, and it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of these factors. As a result, this study aims to review selected published works in the study's domain and conduct valuable analysis to determine the most influential factors in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Ghana. The review also explored the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccines in Ghana. We selected published works from 2021 to April 2023 and extracted, analyzed, and summarized the findings based on the key factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Ghana, the acceptance rate in Ghana, the demographic factors that are often examined, and the study approach used to examine these factors. The study found that positive vaccination perception, safety, belief in vaccine efficacy, knowledge of COVID-19, and a good vaccine attitude influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Ghana. The negative side effects of the vaccines, mistrust in the vaccine, lack of confidence in the vaccine's safety, fear, and spiritual and religious beliefs all played significant roles in influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. For this study, the COVID-19 acceptance rates observed in the reviewed articles ranged from 17.5% to 82.6%. The demographic parameters frequently included in these studies that have a significant impact include educational attainment, gender, religious affiliation, age, and marital status. The positive perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and concerns about its negative effects influenced Ghanaians' acceptance and hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Banafo Akrong
- Management Science and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Information Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Daniel Kwasi Anafo
- Office of Research, Innovation and Development (ORID), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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16
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Raheem MA, Rahim MA, Gul I, Reyad-Ul-Ferdous M, Zhang CY, Yu D, Pandey V, Du K, Wang R, Han S, Han Y, Qin P. COVID-19: Post infection implications in different age groups, mechanism, diagnosis, effective prevention, treatment, and recommendations. Life Sci 2024:122861. [PMID: 38925222 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious pathogen that predominantly caused the COVID-19 pandemic. The persistent effects of COVID-19 are defined as an inflammatory or host response to the virus that begins four weeks after initial infection and persists for an undetermined length of time. Chronic effects are more harmful than acute ones thus, this review explored the long-term effects of the virus on various human organs, including the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological, reproductive, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, endocrine, and lymphoid systems and found that SARS-CoV-2 adversely affects these organs of older adults. Regarding diagnosis, the RT-PCR is a gold standard method of diagnosing COVID-19; however, it requires specialized equipment and personnel for performing assays and a long time for results production. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, artificial intelligence employed in imaging and microfluidics technologies is the most promising in diagnosing COVID-19. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies are the most effective treatment for reducing the persistent impacts of COVID-19 by providing immunity to post-COVID-19 patients by reducing cytokine release syndrome, improving the T cell response, and increasing the circulation of activated natural killer and CD8 T cells in blood and tissues, which ultimately reduces fever, nausea, fatigue, and muscle weakness and pain. Vaccines such as inactivated viral, live attenuated viral, protein subunit, viral vectored, mRNA, DNA, or nanoparticle vaccines significantly reduce the adverse long-term virus effects in post-COVID-19 patients; however, no vaccine was reported to provide lifetime protection against COVID-19; consequently, protective measures such as physical separation, mask use, and hand cleansing are promising strategies. This review provides a comprehensive knowledge of the persistent effects of COVID-19 on people of varying ages, as well as diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and future preventative measures against the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akmal Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ajwad Rahim
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ahnui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ijaz Gul
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Md Reyad-Ul-Ferdous
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Runming Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Sanyang Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Yuxing Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China.
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17
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Bawa SG, Haldeman L. Fathers Nutrition Knowledge and Child Feeding Practices Associated with Childhood Overweight and Obesity: A Scoping Review of Literature From 2000 to 2023. Glob Pediatr Health 2024; 11:2333794X241263199. [PMID: 38911680 PMCID: PMC11193348 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x241263199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective. Childhood overweight/obesity is a serious global public health issue, demanding parental involvement to reverse trends. Despite fathers' crucial parenting roles, research on fathers and childhood overweight/obesity is limited. This scoping review examines the literature on fathers' nutrition knowledge and feeding practices with childhood overweight/obesity. Methods. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and Arksey and O'Malley (2005) framework, multiple databases were searched. Eligible father-child related studies focused on fathers' nutrition knowledge, feeding practices, and childhood overweight/obesity. Results. Of 26 eligible articles, 52% originated from the United States, and 44% focused on father-child dyads. Most studies were cross-sectional (64%) and survey-based (68%). Further, 11.5% assessed fathers' nutrition knowledge, and child feeding practices (53.4%). Conclusion. Literature on fathers' nutrition knowledge and feeding practices concerning childhood overweight/obesity is limited. Scaling-up fathers' inclusion in childhood nutrition research is encouraged for the design of holistic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Haldeman
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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18
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Khachab Y, Saab A, El Morr C, El-Lahib Y, Sokhn ES. Identifying the panorama of potential pandemic pathogens and their key characteristics: a systematic scoping review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38900695 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2360407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The globe has recently seen several terrifying pandemics and outbreaks, underlining the ongoing danger presented by infectious microorganisms. This literature review aims to explore the wide range of infections that have the potential to lead to pandemics in the present and the future and pave the way to the conception of epidemic early warning systems. A systematic review was carried out to identify and compile data on infectious agents known to cause pandemics and those that pose future concerns. One hundred and fifteen articles were included in the review. They provided insights on 25 pathogens that could start or contribute to creating pandemic situations. Diagnostic procedures, clinical symptoms, and infection transmission routes were analyzed for each of these pathogens. Each infectious agent's potential is discussed, shedding light on the crucial aspects that render them potential threats to the future. This literature review provides insights for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers in their quest to identify potential pandemic pathogens, and in their efforts to enhance pandemic preparedness through building early warning systems for continuous epidemiological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Khachab
- Laboratory Department, Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui-University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antoine Saab
- Quality and Safety Department, Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui-UMC, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christo El Morr
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yahya El-Lahib
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Elie Salem Sokhn
- Laboratory Department, Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui-University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Molecular Testing Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
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19
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Knowles LM, Grewal M, Drever SA, Hoffman JM, Friedly JL, Herring TE. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a telemedicine psychosocial intervention to improve symptom management in adults with long COVID: the COPE study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:93. [PMID: 38886814 PMCID: PMC11181592 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long COVID is a serious public health concern due to its high prevalence and potentially debilitating symptoms. Symptoms may include fatigue, dyspnea, cognitive problems, insomnia, anxiety, and depression. There is currently no cure for long COVID, and the average length of recovery and proportion of patients who fully recover are still unknown. Subsequently, there is a critical need to improve function. Research in other chronic conditions suggests that psychosocial self-management interventions reduce symptom severity and interference with functioning. We describe the design of our study to examine the feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness, and preliminary efficacy of an intervention designed to improve symptom management and coping in adults with long COVID. METHODS This pilot trial (N = 50) uses a pragmatic, randomized two-group parallel design set within the University of Washington Post-COVID Rehabilitation and Recovery Clinic. The self-management intervention is a 6-week, group-based telemedicine intervention that teaches evidence-based strategies to manage common symptoms and improve stress management as well as communication and self-advocacy. The comparator is a wait-list control. Participants complete self-report measures of the primary and secondary outcomes at baseline and post-treatment/wait-list. Primary outcomes include intervention feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness. Secondary outcomes include Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System measures of fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive difficulties, self-efficacy, pain interference, depression and anxiety symptoms, and a measure of long COVID symptoms and impression of change. At post-intervention, intervention participants also complete a qualitative interview to inform intervention refinement. Quantitative data will be examined using descriptive and statistical analysis including t-tests and chi-square tests to compare the intervention and wait-list groups on secondary outcomes. Qualitative data will be analyzed using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction technique (RADaR). DISCUSSION Results of this pilot randomized controlled trial will characterize the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of the self-management intervention and inform intervention refinement necessary prior to further testing. Long COVID is a public health concern, and rehabilitation approaches that equip patients to manage symptoms may improve patient function and quality of life and reduce burden on the health care system. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05658536. December 16, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Knowles
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
| | | | - Sydney A Drever
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Jeanne M Hoffman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Janna L Friedly
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Tracy E Herring
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
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20
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Costa ICP, do Nascimento MC, Treviso P, Chini LT, Roza BDA, Barbosa SDFF, Mendes KDS. Using the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer in academic writing in health: a scoping review. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2024; 32:e4194. [PMID: 38922265 PMCID: PMC11182606 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.7133.4194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to map the scientific literature regarding the use of the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, ChatGPT, in academic writing in health. METHOD this was a scoping review, following the JBI methodology. Conventional databases and gray literature were included. The selection of studies was applied after removing duplicates and individual and paired evaluation. Data were extracted based on an elaborate script, and presented in a descriptive, tabular and graphical format. RESULTS the analysis of the 49 selected articles revealed that ChatGPT is a versatile tool, contributing to scientific production, description of medical procedures and preparation of summaries aligned with the standards of scientific journals. Its application has been shown to improve the clarity of writing and benefits areas such as innovation and automation. Risks were also observed, such as the possibility of lack of originality and ethical issues. Future perspectives highlight the need for adequate regulation, agile adaptation and the search for an ethical balance in incorporating ChatGPT into academic writing. CONCLUSION ChatGPT presents transformative potential in academic writing in health. However, its adoption requires rigorous human supervision, solid regulation, and transparent guidelines to ensure its responsible and beneficial use by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrícia Treviso
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Escola de Saúde, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karina Dal Sasso Mendes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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21
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Gad D, Leone P. Productive use of energy of women-owned micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises: Insights from food and textile businesses in selected African countries. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32313. [PMID: 38961915 PMCID: PMC11219329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a descriptive study focusing on the productive energy use of women-owned micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises that operate in Africa's food and textile sectors. Through a multidisciplinary approach, combining primary and secondary data collection methods, and integrating quantitative and qualitative tools, this study examines the relationship between the gender-based ownership structure of enterprises (i.e., sole female, female-female, and female-male) and energy consumption patterns, including demand levels, carrier use, access type (on-grid or off-grid), and expenditure. Despite limitations in scope and sample size, the findings shed light on gender-specific productive use practices. Findings show that female-owned businesses primarily rely on single or dual energy carriers, contrasting with female-male enterprises, which typically employ two or more energy carriers. Fuel usage varies among ownership structures, with diesel, biomass, and liquified petroleum gas being notable choices. Increasing diversity in ownership correlates with heightened awareness of energy metrics and monthly demand for electric and mechanical power, with some of the latter correlation also observed for thermal energy. Moreover, as ownership diversity increases, energy expenditure per kilogramme of production output decreases. Some sole female-owned enterprises surpass 100 USD/kg/month, female-female partnerships may reach 100 USD/kg/month, whereas female-male co-owned enterprises remain below 10 USD/kg/month. Beyond contributing to understanding gendered productive energy practices, this research also emphasises the importance of gender mainstreaming in productive use and energy access interventions. It highlights the need for renewable energy solutions, capacity-building programmes, and further research to address efficiency and accessibility challenges faced by women entrepreneurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djalila Gad
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Energy (DENERG), Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Leone
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Energy (DENERG), Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin, Italy
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22
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Mangla B, Mittal P, Kumar P, Aggarwal G. Multifaceted role of erlotinib in various cancer: nanotechnology intervention, patent landscape, and advancements in clinical trials. Med Oncol 2024; 41:173. [PMID: 38864966 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Erlotinib (ELB) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the activity of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) protein found in both healthy and cancerous cells. It binds reversibly to the ATP-binding site of the EGFR tyrosine kinase. ELB was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment in patients who relapsed after at least one other therapy. It was authorized for use with gemcitabine in 2005 for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. In addition to lung cancer, ELB has shown promising results in the treatment of other cancers, including breast, prostate, colon, pancreatic, cervical, ovarian, and head and neck cancers. However, its limited water solubility, as a BCS class II drug, presents biopharmaceutical problems. Nanoformulations have been developed to overcome these issues, including increased solubility, controlled release, enhanced stability, tumor accumulation, reduced toxicity, and overcoming drug resistance. In older patients, ELB management should involve individualized dosing based on age-related changes in drug metabolism and close monitoring for adverse effects. Regular assessments of renal and hepatic functions are essential. This review provides an overview of ELB's role of ELB in treating various cancers, its associated biopharmaceutical issues, and the latest developments in ELB-related nanotechnology interventions. It also covers ELB patents granted in previous years and the ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Mangla
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Priya Mittal
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Sun J, Yuan B, Sun Z, Zhu J, Deng Y, Gong Y, Chen Y. MpoxNet: dual-branch deep residual squeeze and excitation monkeypox classification network with attention mechanism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1397316. [PMID: 38912211 PMCID: PMC11190078 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1397316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
While the world struggles to recover from the devastation wrought by the widespread spread of COVID-19, monkeypox virus has emerged as a new global pandemic threat. In this paper, a high precision and lightweight classification network MpoxNet based on ConvNext is proposed to meet the need of fast and safe detection of monkeypox classification. In this method, a two-branch depth-separable convolution residual Squeeze and Excitation module is designed. This design aims to extract more feature information with two branches, and greatly reduces the number of parameters in the model by using depth-separable convolution. In addition, our method introduces a convolutional attention module to enhance the extraction of key features within the receptive field. The experimental results show that MpoxNet has achieved remarkable results in monkeypox disease classification, the accuracy rate is 95.28%, the precision rate is 96.40%, the recall rate is 93.00%, and the F1-Score is 95.80%. This is significantly better than the current mainstream classification model. It is worth noting that the FLOPS and the number of parameters of MpoxNet are only 30.68% and 31.87% of those of ConvNext-Tiny, indicating that the model has a small computational burden and model complexity while efficient performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Sun
- School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation, The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of High Precision Industrial Intelligent Vision Measurement Technology, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
| | - Baoxi Yuan
- School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation, The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of High Precision Industrial Intelligent Vision Measurement Technology, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhaocheng Sun
- School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuxin Deng
- School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Gong
- School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuhe Chen
- School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
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24
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Brudenell EL, Pohare MB, Zafred D, Phipps J, Hornsby HR, Darby JF, Dai J, Liggett E, Cain KM, Barran PE, de Silva TI, Sayers JR. Efficient overexpression and purification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid proteins in Escherichia coli. Biochem J 2024; 481:669-682. [PMID: 38713013 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid protein (Ncap), its use in diagnostic assays and its potential application as a vaccine component have received considerable attention since the outbreak of the Covid19 pandemic in late 2019. Here we report the scalable expression and purification of soluble, immunologically active, SARS-CoV-2 Ncap in Escherichia coli. Codon-optimised synthetic genes encoding the original Ncap sequence and four common variants with an N-terminal 6His affinity tag (sequence MHHHHHHG) were cloned into an inducible expression vector carrying a regulated bacteriophage T5 synthetic promoter controlled by lac operator binding sites. The constructs were used to express Ncap proteins and protocols developed which allow efficient production of purified Ncap with yields of over 200 mg per litre of culture media. These proteins were deployed in ELISA assays to allow comparison of their responses to human sera. Our results suggest that there was no detectable difference between the 6His-tagged and untagged original Ncap proteins but there may be a slight loss of sensitivity of sera to other Ncap isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Brudenell
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids and Florey Institute, Section of Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Manoj B Pohare
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids and Florey Institute, Section of Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Domen Zafred
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids and Florey Institute, Section of Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Janine Phipps
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids and Florey Institute, Section of Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Hailey R Hornsby
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids and Florey Institute, Section of Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - John F Darby
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids and Florey Institute, Section of Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Junxiao Dai
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Ellen Liggett
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Kathleen M Cain
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Perdita E Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Thushan I de Silva
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids and Florey Institute, Section of Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Jon R Sayers
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids and Florey Institute, Section of Infection and Immunity, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
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25
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Nakaggwa F, Kimuli D, Namuwenge N, Nsubuga RN, Nayebare H, Kaboine L, Baseka I, Kasule K, Nyakwezi S, Sevume S, Mubiru N, Amuron B, Bukenya D. Prevalence, patterns, and determinants of breastfeeding cessation among mothers of children under 24 months in Uganda. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1512. [PMID: 38840094 PMCID: PMC11155002 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding duration is a critical component of infant and child nutrition, providing immediate and long-term benefits to both children and their mothers. This study uses data from the lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) survey to examine the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of breastfeeding cessation in Uganda. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of data collected by the cross-sectional LQAS surveys in 2021 and 2022 covering 77 districts in Uganda. The LQAS survey methodology employs a systematic sampling approach to assess whether predefined quality standards are met within specific subgroups of a population. The study employed spatial analysis, bivariate analysis and logistic regression, both with and without clustering, to explore associations between independent variables and breastfeeding cessation. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS Overall, the study analysed 26,377 records of mothers with children under 24 months old. The mothers' mean age was 27.9 years while that of their children was 11.0 months. While the general breastfeeding cessation rate was 17.7%, cessation was highest (49.7%) among mothers of children 18-23 months. Factors associated with increased odds of breastfeeding cessation included older child's age, older mother's age, using modern family planning, being pregnant and having an unknown pregnancy status. Lower odds of breastfeeding cessation were observed among mothers who; were married, lived in larger households, lived in rural residences, whose children received vitamin A supplementation and among all other regions compared to Kampala. CONCLUSION One in five mothers cessed breastfeeding before their child reached 2 years, with a significant increase in cessation odds among mothers of older children. These findings underscore the importance of interventions to promote breastfeeding continuation and adequate nutrition for non-breastfed infants, particularly in regions with high cessation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Nakaggwa
- United States Agency for International Development, Strategic Information Technical Support (SITES) Activity, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, DLH Holdings company, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Derrick Kimuli
- United States Agency for International Development, Strategic Information Technical Support (SITES) Activity, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, DLH Holdings company, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Norah Namuwenge
- United States Agency for International Development, Strategic Information Technical Support (SITES) Activity, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, DLH Holdings company, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rebecca N Nsubuga
- United States Agency for International Development, Strategic Information Technical Support (SITES) Activity, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, DLH Holdings company, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hellen Nayebare
- United States Agency for International Development, Strategic Information Technical Support (SITES) Activity, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, DLH Holdings company, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Louis Kaboine
- United States Agency for International Development, Strategic Information Technical Support (SITES) Activity, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, DLH Holdings company, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Immaculate Baseka
- United States Agency for International Development, Strategic Information Technical Support (SITES) Activity, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, DLH Holdings company, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kenneth Kasule
- United States Agency for International Development, Strategic Information Technical Support (SITES) Activity, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, DLH Holdings company, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sheila Nyakwezi
- The United States Agency for International Development Uganda, US Mission Compound-South Wing, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Solome Sevume
- The United States Agency for International Development Uganda, US Mission Compound-South Wing, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Norbert Mubiru
- The United States Agency for International Development Uganda, US Mission Compound-South Wing, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Barbara Amuron
- United States Agency for International Development, Strategic Information Technical Support (SITES) Activity, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, DLH Holdings company, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Daraus Bukenya
- United States Agency for International Development, Strategic Information Technical Support (SITES) Activity, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc, DLH Holdings company, Kampala, Uganda
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26
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Chai HH, Dao QK, Hoang TH, Gao SS, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Silver Diamine Fluoride among Dentists in Vietnam. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:169. [PMID: 38920870 PMCID: PMC11202812 DOI: 10.3390/dj12060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical solution used for managing dental caries. The mixed-methods study consists of a quantitative study (questionnaire survey) and a qualitative study (in-depth interview) to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards SDF among dentists in Vietnam. A descriptive approach and a thematic approach were performed to analyze data, respectively. The questionnaire survey invited 436 licensed dentists registered for the national annual dental meeting and 226 dentists participated (response rate: 52%). Among them, 174 (77%, 174/226) dentists knew SDF, and 69 (40%, 69/174) dentists used SDF for caries management. Most of them considered SDF therapy as non-invasive (84%, 146/174) and simple (80%, 140/174). However, most of them expressed concern that SDF could discolor the tooth (74%, 128/174). Their most preferred teeth for SDF therapy were primary posterior teeth (92%, 160/174). The in-depth interview consulted 16 dentists to reach data saturation. They learned about SDF from outside curriculum resources as an effective anti-caries agent. They understood the advantages (simple, non-invasive, timesaving) and disadvantages (tooth discoloring, ammonia odor) of SDF. They used SDF to arrest caries in uncooperative children in the clinic and people living in rural areas in outreach services. Most dentists in Vietnam are supportive of SDF therapy, and they know its advantages and disadvantages for caries management. The results addressed the aim of the study to investigate Vietnamese dentists' perspectives towards SDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollis Haotian Chai
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.G.); (E.C.M.L.)
| | - Quang Khai Dao
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 72714, Vietnam;
| | - Trong Hung Hoang
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 72714, Vietnam;
| | - Sherry Shiqian Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.G.); (E.C.M.L.)
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.G.); (E.C.M.L.)
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (H.H.C.); (S.S.G.); (E.C.M.L.)
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27
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Ghimire S, Singh DR, McLaughlin SJ, Nath D, McCarren H, Subedi J. Adult Children's Migration and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older Nepali Adults. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2024; 39:137-149. [PMID: 38345727 PMCID: PMC11093780 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-024-09500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, adult children have served as primary caretakers and providers for older Nepali adults. However, out-migration of adult children for employment and other opportunities is increasing. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older Nepali adults in general and in the context of adult children's migration is poorly understood. This study aims to assess HRQOL of older Nepali adults and its relationship with adult children's migration. We used existing cross-sectional survey data on 260 older adults from Krishnapur municipality, which has witnessed a high rate of adult migration. HRQOL, quantified using the SF-12 scale, is expressed in terms of a physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health component. A higher PCS and MCS score, each ranging from 0 to 100, indicates better physical and mental health, respectively. The correlates of HRQOL were assessed in simple and multiple linear regression. Participants had suboptimal HRQOL [mean (± SD): PCS = 40.4 ± 9.2 and MCS = 45.2 ± 7.7]. After adjusting for covariates, adult children's migration was associated with lower MCS scores (β: -2.33, 95%CI: -4.21, -0.44). Individuals with more than one child had higher MCS scores (β: 2.14, 95%CI: 0.19, 4.09). Females (β: -3.64, 95%CI: -7.21, -0.06) and those with a history of unemployment (β: -6.36, 95%CI: -10.57, -2.15) had lower PCS scores than their respective counterparts. The presence of chronic conditions was associated with significantly lower PCS and MCS scores. Our findings suggest that adult children's migration may negatively affect HRQOL among older Nepali adults, specifically their psychological well-being. Further research investigating potential moderating factors that may serve as important buffers is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, 375 Upham Hall, 100 Bishop Circle, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
- Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
| | - Devendra Raj Singh
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Sara J McLaughlin
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, 375 Upham Hall, 100 Bishop Circle, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
- Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Dhirendra Nath
- Southeast Asia Development Actions Network (SADAN), Lalitpur, Nepal
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Hannah McCarren
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, 375 Upham Hall, 100 Bishop Circle, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Janardan Subedi
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, 375 Upham Hall, 100 Bishop Circle, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
- Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
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28
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Kang N, Kim SH, Kim J, Kim S, Jang J, Yoon H, Lee J, Kim M, Kim YS, Kwon JS. Association between initial clozapine titration and pneumonia risk among patients with schizophrenia in a Korean tertiary hospital. Schizophr Res 2024; 268:107-113. [PMID: 37770376 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a significant adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with clozapine, characterized by high mortality and potential linkage with other inflammatory responses. Despite the critical nature, research regarding the development of pneumonia during initial clozapine titration remains limited. This retrospective study included 1408 Korean inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Data were collected from January 2000 to January 2023. Pneumonia developed in 3.5 % of patients within 8 weeks of clozapine initiation. Patients who developed pneumonia were taking a greater number and higher dose of antipsychotics at baseline (2.14 vs. 1.58, p < 0.001; 25.64 vs. 19.34, p = 0.012). The average onset occurred 17.24 days after initiation, on an average dose of 151.28 mg/day. Titration was either paused or slowed in most of these patients, with no reported fatalities. The types of pneumonia included aspiration pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, and COVID-19 pneumonia. Myocarditis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, and urinary tract infections were also identified. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a greater number of concomitant antipsychotics (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, p = 0.027) and concomitant benzodiazepine use (OR = 2.33, p = 0.005) at baseline were associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. Overall, pneumonia development during clozapine titration is linked with other inflammatory ADRs, suggesting a shared immunological mechanism. Close monitoring is recommended, especially for patients taking multiple antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. Further studies involving repeated measures of clozapine concentrations at trough and steady state, along with a more detailed description of pneumonia types, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuree Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jayoun Kim
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeok Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Manna S, Rathnam U, Udayaraj A, Rajesh, Shree T. Groundwater Hardness and Alkalinity As Risk Factors for Kidney Stone Disease in Alwar, India: An Ecological Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e62272. [PMID: 39015852 PMCID: PMC11250269 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rajasthan is a semi-arid state in India where people still use groundwater for drinking purposes. However, the quality of groundwater as compared to standards have not been studied in any details. This ecological study was done to study the groundwater quality parameters in the stone-belt states, compare the quality of groundwater in Alwar with the rest of Rajasthan, and study the morbidity profile of surgical in-patients in the same district, with special emphasis on kidney stone disease (KSDs). METHODS The morbidity profile of patients coming to the surgery department of a tertiary teaching hospital between January 2002 and June 2023 was obtained from the medical records department, and water quality data was obtained from the publicly available Water Resources Information System (WRIS) groundwater dataset for the year 2023. The dataset provided detailed information on the chemical parameters of water samples throughout the country that were evaluated to estimate the quality of groundwater. RESULTS It was found that the groundwater in Alwar is non-potable due to the presence of iron, alkalinity, magnesium, and total dissolved solids (TDS). Iron was estimated to be much higher than the acceptable limit of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) drinking-water quality guidelines (0.3 mg/L). Similarly, most of the chemical parameters in the groundwaters of Rajasthan significantly exceeded the national average. The median electrical conductivity, fluoride, magnesium, sodium, hardness, alkalinity, and turbidity were found to be 1680 μS/cm, 1.05 parts per million (PPM), 41 PPM, 233 PPM, 330 PPM, 310 PPM, 988 PPM, respectively, which are above the WHO recommendations for drinking water guidelines. CONCLUSIONS The levels of iron and total alkalinity were significantly higher in the study district as compared to the rest of the state. Also, magnesium hardness and TDS levels were very high in the groundwater of the entire state of Rajasthan, making the population vulnerable to KSDs in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Manna
- Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Usharani Rathnam
- General Surgery, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College & Hospital, Alwar, IND
| | - Arun Udayaraj
- Internal Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College & Hospital, Alwar, IND
| | - Rajesh
- Dermatology, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College & Hospital, Alwar, IND
| | - Tuhina Shree
- Community Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College & Hospital, Alwar, IND
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30
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Schaake R, Leopold I, Sandberg A, Zenk B, Shafer L, Yu D, Lu X, Theingi S, Udongwo A, Cohen GS, Maresky HS. Virtual Reality for the Management of Pain and Anxiety for IR Procedures: A Prospective, Randomized, Pilot Study on Digital Sedation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2024; 35:825-833. [PMID: 38484911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the analgesic and anxiolytic effects of virtual reality (VR) augmentation in patients undergoing peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement or fine-needle aspiration thyroid biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective, single-center randomized controlled trial with 107 patients enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive standard of care (SOC) or SOC+VR during PICC or thyroid biopsy procedures. Pain and anxiety were individually measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) before and after the procedure. Vital signs including heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded. One-way analysis of variance test and Games-Howell post hoc analysis were used to assess effect size and statistical significance between SOC and SOC+VR measures. RESULTS The PICC cohort consisted of 59 patients (33 in SOC+VR and 26 in SOC), with a median age of 53.1 years (interquartile range [IQR], 38.3-62.7 years). The thyroid biopsy cohort consisted of 48 patients (26 in SOC+VR and 22 in SOC), with a median age of 60.1 years (IQR, 49.0-67.2 years). One-way analysis of individuals undergoing thyroid biopsies with adjunctive VR revealed an effect size of -1.74 points (SE ± 0.71; P = .018) on VAS pain scale when compared with SOC. Analysis of individuals undergoing PICC placements revealed an effect size of -1.60 points (SE ± 0.81; P = .053) on VAS anxiety when compared with SOC. CONCLUSIONS VR as a nonpharmacologic adjunct reduced some procedure-related pain and anxiety without increasing the procedural duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Schaake
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Ian Leopold
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Sandberg
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brianna Zenk
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - London Shafer
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daohai Yu
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaoning Lu
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shunn Theingi
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela Udongwo
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary S Cohen
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hillel S Maresky
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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31
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Markström I, Falk-Brynhildsen K, Bachrack-Lindström M, Hollman Frisman G, Mernelius S, Bjerså K. Impact of postoperative skin disinfection with chlorhexidine on bacterial colonisation following shoulder arthroplasty surgery: a controlled randomised study. Infect Prev Pract 2024; 6:100365. [PMID: 38765917 PMCID: PMC11098957 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical site infections are a significant threat to patient safety. Shoulder arthroplasty carries an increased risk due to foreign implants. Skin preparation in general is a key preoperative preventive intervention, and the use of chlorhexidine can have a prolonged effect on bacterial colonisation. There is a lack of evidence regarding whether postoperative disinfection has an impact on bacterial colonisation during the first 48 hours after surgery. Our hypothesis was that applying postoperative antiseptic with 5 mg/ml chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol would lead to reduced bacterial colonisation with Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococcus and Cutibacterium acnes around the surgical wound within the initial 48 hours after elective shoulder surgery, compared with the use of sodium chloride. Methods A single-blinded, controlled study was conducted at a county hospital in Sweden. Swabs from the skin were collected four times: at baseline, preoperatively, after the intervention and after 48 hours. Results Our hypothesis was not confirmed. Although not statistically significant, the chlorhexidine group had a higher prevalence of bacterial colonisation of clinically relevant bacteria. Conclusions Our study could not confirm that postoperative disinfection with chlorhexidine reduces bacterial colonisation compared with sodium chloride. The results highlight the complexity of SSIs and the importance of evidence-based preventive skin preparation to ensure patient safety. Further research is needed, considering the study's limitations, to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of different skin cleansing solutions and preventive strategies in diverse surgical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Markström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Falk-Brynhildsen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Margareta Bachrack-Lindström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Hollman Frisman
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sara Mernelius
- Laboratory Medicine, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Bjerså
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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32
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Patwary MM, Bardhan M, Haque MA, Moniruzzaman S, Gustavsson J, Khan MMH, Koivisto J, Salwa M, Mashreky SR, Rahman AKMF, Tasnim A, Islam MR, Alam MA, Hasan M, Harun MAYA, Nyberg L, Islam MA. Impact of extreme weather events on mental health in South and Southeast Asia: A two decades of systematic review of observational studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118436. [PMID: 38354890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Extreme weather events in South and Southeast Asia exert profound psychosocial impacts, amplifying the prevalence of mental illness. Despite their substantial consequences, there is a dearth of research and representation in the current literature. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies published between January 1, 2000, and January 20, 2024, to examine the impact of extreme weather events on the mental health of the South and Southeast Asian population. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality appraisal checklist. The search retrieved 70 studies that met the inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Most were from India (n = 22), and most used a cross-sectional study design (n = 55). Poor mental health outcomes were associated with six types of extreme weather events: floods, storm surges, typhoons, cyclones, extreme heat, and riverbank erosion. Most studies (n = 41) reported short-term outcome measurements. Findings included outcomes with predictable symptomatology, including post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, general psychological distress, emotional distress and suicide. Limited studies on long-term effects showed higher mental disorders after floods and typhoons, while cyclone-exposed individuals had more short-term distress. Notably, the review identified over 50 risk factors influencing mental health outcomes, categorized into six classes: demographic, economic, health, disaster exposure, psychological, and community factors. However, the quantitative evidence linking extreme weather events to mental health was limited due to a lack of longitudinal data, lack of control groups, and the absence of objective exposure measurements. The review found some compelling evidence linking extreme weather events to adverse mental health in the South and Southeast Asia region. Future research should focus on longitudinal study design to identify the specific stressors and climatic factors influencing the relationship between climate extremes and mental health in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mondira Bardhan
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh; Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, USA
| | - Md Atiqul Haque
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden.
| | - Syed Moniruzzaman
- Department of Political, Historical and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Gustavsson
- Department of Political, Historical and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden
| | - Md Maruf Haque Khan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jenni Koivisto
- Department of Political, Historical and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden; Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science (CNDS), c/o Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, UPPSALA, Sweden
| | - Marium Salwa
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saidur Rahman Mashreky
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, (CIPRB), Bangladesh; Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Fazlur Rahman
- Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden; Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, (CIPRB), Bangladesh
| | - Anika Tasnim
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Redwanul Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive, Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Political, Historical and Cultural Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden; Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science (CNDS), c/o Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, UPPSALA, Sweden
| | - Md Atikul Islam
- Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh; Center for Societal Risk Research (CSR), Karlstad University, Sweden.
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Lewis BR, Spicer OJ, McLaughlin WS, Moons K. Survey of National Health Service (NHS) orthodontic practitioners in Wales, UK. Part 1: working patterns 2021-2022. J Orthod 2024; 51:137-146. [PMID: 38282526 DOI: 10.1177/14653125231224459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the working patterns of the NHS orthodontic workforce in Wales and any possible future changes. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS NHS orthodontic practitioners in Wales. METHODS An anonymised email distributed an electronic two-part survey of the Welsh NHS orthodontic workforce. The survey consisted of three sections: (1) demographic information; (2) respondents' working pattern (part 1); and (3) perceptions of professional satisfaction (part 2). RESULTS Part 1 of the survey yielded a 70.5% response rate (n = 79); 65.8% of the respondents were women. Of the respondents, 45.6% (n = 36) worked full time (F/T), 39.2% (n = 31) worked less than F/T and 15.2% (n = 12) worked more than F/T. Of the male respondents, 81.5% (n = 22) worked 10 sessions or more compared to 50% (n = 26) of women. The respondents undertook 508.5 orthodontic clinical sessions per week within Wales; of these sessions, 87.6% (n = 445.5) delivered NHS orthodontic care. Of the respondents, 8.4% (n = 7) were planning to increase their orthodontic clinical time within the next 2 years, 24.1% (n = 19) were planning to decrease it and 20.3% (n = 16) were unsure. One-quarter of respondents indicated that they were planning to stop clinical orthodontic activity within the next 5 years, including 53.3% (n = 8) of DwSIs, 37% (n = 10) of primary care specialists and 13.3% (n = 2) of consultants. The pandemic was an influencing factor for 80% of these clinicians. CONCLUSIONS Part 1 of the survey suggested that the majority of the orthodontic workforce was female, were working full time or more, and spent most sessions delivering NHS care. One-quarter of respondents were planning to cease undertaking orthodontic activity within the next 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rk Lewis
- Orthodontic Department, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Bodelwyddan, UK
- Orthodontic Depertment, Department 8, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, UK
| | - Olivia J Spicer
- Health Education and Improvement Wales, Nantgarw, Rhondda Cynon Taff, UK
| | | | - Kirstie Moons
- Health Education and Improvement Wales, Nantgarw, Rhondda Cynon Taff, UK
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Na X, Zhang J, Xie C, Zeng H, Wu L, Fan D, Yang H, Shi X, Zhou Y, Yu H, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Zhao A. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary behaviors among school-age children, adolescents, and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae050. [PMID: 38820346 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on food security and nutrition, both in the short and long term. The influence on school-age children, adolescents, and young adults may be particularly significant and long-lasting. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary habits among school-age children, adolescents, and young adults worldwide. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to October 5, 2023. DATA EXTRACTION We included observational studies published in English that reported dietary quality scores and dietary intake quantities during and before the COVID-19 pandemic among school-age children, adolescents, and young adults. We included a total of 22 cohort studies and 20 cross-sectional studies of high or moderate quality. DATA ANALYSIS We conducted a meta-analysis, expressing dietary quality scores and dietary intake quantities as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For studies with low heterogeneity, we used a fixed-effects model; otherwise, we applied a random-effects model. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was employed by 2 reviewers independently to evaluate methodological quality. The analysis indicated that, overall, juice intake increased (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.20), while alcohol consumption reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic (SMD = -0.28, 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.08). However, the age-stratified results varied. Among school-age children, intake of fruit, dairy products, sugar, and juice increased. Adolescents showed an increase in meal frequency and vegetable intake. Young adults showed reduced carbohydrate and alcohol intakes, while protein and dairy product intakes increased, based on limited included studies. CONCLUSION Dietary changes in school-age children from before to during the pandemic were mixed, while dietary behavior changes in adolescents and young adults tended to be more positive. Considering the lasting effects of negative dietary behaviors, attention should be given to addressing the increased sugar and juice intakes. It is also crucial that caregivers and researchers monitor whether positive dietary behaviors will rebound after returning to normal study and life. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023420923.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Na
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junhan Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenyou Xie
- School of Arts & Sciences, University of Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Huatang Zeng
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, China
| | - Liqun Wu
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, China
| | - Dongying Fan
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haibing Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiguo Zhou
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuefeng Tan
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Haque T, Imtiaz SH, Hossain MI, Khan SH, Alam MM, Alam Z, Rokonuzzaman SM, Pulock OS, Pinky SD, Arbi AK, Murshid HB, Homaira N, Hassan MZ. The portrayal of antimicrobial resistance in Bangladeshi newspapers during 2010-2021: Toward understanding the narrative. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304582. [PMID: 38820494 PMCID: PMC11142656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health crisis and around the last decade, newspapers were one of the main sources of public dissemination of information for so. This study highlights how Bangladeshi mainstream newspapers represented AMR-related news and how they created the narrative of AMR in Bangladesh. METHODS We conducted both quantitative and qualitative content analysis on 275 AMR-related news articles published in the twelve highest circulated dailies (January 2010 to September 2021). We divided the articles into report, opinion, and editorials and analyzed how their contents built the narrative of AMR in Bangladesh. RESULTS Bangladeshi newspapers reported misuse of antibiotics by the consumers the most (32.2%), followed by selling without prescriptions (29%), and over-prescription by the health providers (26.1%). There were hardly any news reports describing the impact of pharmaceutical companies in prescribing and selling antibiotics. Around 45% of the news articles were event-oriented. Moreover, they suggested inadequate recommendations to battle AMR. CONCLUSION Valid, consistent, and reliable AMR news coverage can play a crucial role in creating mass awareness, making providers accountable, and supporting national action plan in mitigating AMR threat. The Bangladeshi journalists interested in reporting AMR-issues should focus on disseminating more Bangla articles with scientific information, and reporting causes and recommendations responsibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Hassan Imtiaz
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Imran Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sazzad Hossain Khan
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahfuj Alam
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zahidul Alam
- Department of Surgery, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Rokonuzzaman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Orindom Shing Pulock
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Dey Pinky
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ataul Karim Arbi
- Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Haroon Bin Murshid
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Homaira
- Discipline of Pediatrics, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Md. Zakiul Hassan
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Elgedawy GA, Samir M, Elabd NS, Elsaid HH, Enar M, Salem RH, Montaser BA, AboShabaan HS, Seddik RM, El-Askaeri SM, Omar MM, Helal ML. Metabolic profiling during COVID-19 infection in humans: Identification of potential biomarkers for occurrence, severity and outcomes using machine learning. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302977. [PMID: 38814977 PMCID: PMC11139268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After its emergence in China, the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has swept the world, leading to global health crises with millions of deaths. COVID-19 clinical manifestations differ in severity, ranging from mild symptoms to severe disease. Although perturbation of metabolism has been reported as a part of the host response to COVID-19 infection, scarce data exist that describe stage-specific changes in host metabolites during the infection and how this could stratify patients based on severity. METHODS Given this knowledge gap, we performed targeted metabolomics profiling and then used machine learning models and biostatistics to characterize the alteration patterns of 50 metabolites and 17 blood parameters measured in a cohort of 295 human subjects. They were categorized into healthy controls, non-severe, severe and critical groups with their outcomes. Subject's demographic and clinical data were also used in the analyses to provide more robust predictive models. RESULTS The non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients experienced the strongest changes in metabolite repertoire, whereas less intense changes occur during the critical phase. Panels of 15, 14, 2 and 2 key metabolites were identified as predictors for non-severe, severe, critical and dead patients, respectively. Specifically, arginine and malonyl methylmalonyl succinylcarnitine were significant biomarkers for the onset of COVID-19 infection and tauroursodeoxycholic acid were potential biomarkers for disease progression. Measuring blood parameters enhanced the predictive power of metabolic signatures during critical illness. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic signatures are distinctive for each stage of COVID-19 infection. This has great translation potential as it opens new therapeutic and diagnostic prospective based on key metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamalat A. Elgedawy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Samir
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Zoonoses, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Naglaa S. Elabd
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hala H. Elsaid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Enar
- Al Mahala Elkobra Fever Hospital, Al Mahala Elkobra, Egypt
| | - Radwa H. Salem
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Belal A. Montaser
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hind S. AboShabaan
- Ph.D. of Biochemistry, National Liver Institute Hospital, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Randa M. Seddik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Shimaa M. El-Askaeri
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Marwa L. Helal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
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Mahfufah U, Sya'ban Mahfud MA, Saputra MD, Abd Azis SB, Salsabila A, Asri RM, Habibie H, Sari Y, Yulianty R, Alsayed AR, Pamornpathomkul B, Mir M, Permana AD. Incorporation of Inclusion Complexes in the Dissolvable Microneedle Ocular Patch System for the Efficiency of Fluconazole in the Therapy of Fungal Keratitis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:25637-25651. [PMID: 38728098 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Fluconazole (FNL) is one of the first-line treatments for fungal keratitis as it is an effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial commonly administered orally or topically. However, FNL has a very low water solubility, limiting its drug formulation, therapeutic application, and bioavailability through tissues. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to develop FNL inclusion complexes (FNL-IC) with cyclodextrin (α-cyclodextrin, sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl-γ cyclodextrin) and incorporate it into a dissolvable microneedle (DMN) system to improve solubility and drug penetration. FNL-IC was evaluated for saturation solubility, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, in vitro release, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and time-killing assay. DMN-FNL-IC was evaluated for mechanical and insertion properties, surface pH, moisture absorption ability, water vapor transmission, and drug content recovery. Moreover, ocular kinetic, ex vivo antimicrobial, in vivo antifungal, and chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assays were conducted to assess the overall performance of the formulation. Mechanical strength and insertion properties revealed that DMN-FNL-IC has great mechanical and insertion properties. The in vitro release of FNL-IC was significantly improved, exhibiting a 9-fold increase compared to pure FNL. The ex vivo antifungal activity showed significant inhibition of Candida albicans from 6.54 to 0.73 log cfu/mL or 100-0.94%. In vivo numbers of colonies of 0.87 ± 0.13 log cfu/mL (F2), 4.76 ± 0.26 log cfu/mL (FNL eye drops), 3.89 ± 0.24 log cfu/mL (FNL ointments), and 8.04 ± 0.58 log cfu/mL (control) showed the effectiveness of DMN preparations against other standard commercial preparations. The HET-CAM assay showed that DMN-FNL-IC (F2) did not show any vascular damage. Finally, a combination of FNL-IC and DMN was developed appropriately for ocular delivery of FNL, which was safe and increased the effectiveness of treatments for fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulfah Mahfufah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Azimah Salsabila
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Habibie Habibie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Yessie Sari
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Risfah Yulianty
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad R Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | | | - Maria Mir
- Department of Pharmacy, Iqra University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
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Hahn EE, Munoz-Plaza CE, Jensen CD, Ghai NR, Pak K, Amundsen BI, Contreras R, Cannizzaro N, Chubak J, Green BB, Skinner CS, Halm EA, Schottinger JE, Levin TR. Patterns of Care Following a Positive Fecal Blood Test for Colorectal Cancer: A Mixed Methods Study. J Gen Intern Med 2024:10.1007/s11606-024-08764-0. [PMID: 38771535 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-024-08764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Multilevel barriers to colonoscopy after a positive fecal blood test for colorectal cancer (CRC) are well-documented. A less-explored barrier to appropriate follow-up is repeat fecal testing after a positive test. We investigated this phenomenon using mixed methods. DESIGN This sequential mixed methods study included quantitative data from a large cohort of patients 50-89 years from four healthcare systems with a positive fecal test 2010-2018 and qualitative data from interviews with physicians and patients. MAIN MEASURES Logistic regression was used to evaluate whether repeat testing was associated with failure to complete subsequent colonoscopy and to identify factors associated with repeat testing. Interviews were coded and analyzed to explore reasons for repeat testing. KEY RESULTS A total of 316,443 patients had a positive fecal test. Within 1 year, 76.3% received a colonoscopy without repeat fecal testing, 3% repeated testing and then received a colonoscopy, 4.4% repeated testing without colonoscopy, and 16.3% did nothing. Among repeat testers (7.4% of total cohort, N = 23,312), 59% did not receive a colonoscopy within 1 year. In adjusted models, those with an initial positive test followed by a negative second test were significantly less likely to receive colonoscopy than those with two successive positive tests (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.35-0.40). Older age (65-75 vs. 50-64 years: OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.33-1.41) and higher comorbidity score (≥ 4 vs. 0: OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.67-1.83) were significantly associated with repeat testing compared to those who received colonoscopy without repeat tests. Qualitative interview data revealed reasons underlying repeat testing, including colonoscopy avoidance, bargaining, and disbelief of positive results. CONCLUSIONS Among patients in this cohort, 7.4% repeated fecal testing after an initial positive test. Of those, over half did not go on to receive a colonoscopy within 1 year. Efforts to improve CRC screening must address repeat fecal testing after a positive test as a barrier to completing colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Hahn
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Corrine E Munoz-Plaza
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Nirupa R Ghai
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Pak
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Britta I Amundsen
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Richard Contreras
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Cannizzaro
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Chubak
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beverly B Green
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Celette Sugg Skinner
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ethan A Halm
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joanne E Schottinger
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Theodore R Levin
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
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Paul M, Ghosh B, Biswas S. F127/chlorin e6-nanomicelles to enhance Ce6 solubility and PDT-efficacy mitigating lung metastasis in melanoma. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01619-5. [PMID: 38755500 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a promising paradigm for treating cancer, especially superficial cancers, including skin and oral cancers. However, the effectiveness of PDT is hindered by the hydrophobicity of photosensitizers. Here, chlorin e6 (Ce6), a hydrophobic photosensitizer, was loaded into pluronic F127 micelles to enhance solubility and improve tumor-specific targeting efficiency. The resulting Ce6@F127 Ms demonstrated a significant increase in solubility and singlet oxygen generation (SOG) efficiency in aqueous media compared to free Ce6. The confocal imaging and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis confirmed the enhanced internalization rate of Ce6@F127 Ms in murine melanoma cell lines (B16F10) and human oral carcinoma cell lines (FaDu). Upon laser irradiation (666 nm), the cellular phototoxicity of Ce6@F127 Ms against B16F10 and FaDu was approximately three times higher than the free Ce6 treatment. The in vivo therapeutic investigations conducted on a murine model of skin cancer demonstrated the ability of Ce6@F127 Ms, when combined with laser treatment, to penetrate solid tumors effectively, which resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volume compared to free Ce6. Further, the Ce6@F127 Ms demonstrated upregulation of TUNEL-positive cells, downregulation of proliferation markers in tumor tissues, and prevention of lung metastasis with insignificant levels of proliferating cells and collagenase, as validated through immunohistochemistry. Subsequent analysis of serum and blood components affirmed the safety and efficacy of Ce6@F127 Ms in mice. Consequently, the developed Ce6@F127 Ms exhibits significant potential for concurrently treating solid tumors and preventing metastasis. The photodynamic formulation holds great clinical translation potential for treating superficial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Paul
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India.
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Ifejube OJ, Kuriakose SL, Anish TS, van Westen C, Blanford JI. Analysing the outbreaks of leptospirosis after floods in Kerala, India. Int J Health Geogr 2024; 23:11. [PMID: 38741103 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-024-00372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have linked the incidence of leptospirosis with the occurrence of flood events. Nevertheless, the interaction between flood and leptospirosis has not been extensively studied to understand the influence of flood attributes in inducing new cases. This study reviews leptospirosis cases in relation to multiple flood occurrences in Kerala, India. Leptospirosis data were obtained for three years: 2017 (non-flood year) and two years with flooding-2018 (heavy flooding) and 2019 (moderate flooding). We considered the severity of flood events using the discharge, duration and extent of each flooding event and compared them with the leptospirosis cases. The distribution of cases regarding flood discharge and duration was assessed through descriptive and spatiotemporal analyses, respectively. Furthermore, cluster analyses and spatial regression were completed to ascertain the relationship between flood extent and the postflood cases. This study found that postflood cases of leptospirosis can be associated with flood events in space and time. The total cases in both 2018 and 2019 increased in the post-flood phase, with the increase in 2018 being more evident. Unlike the 2019 flood, the flood of 2018 is a significant spatial indicator for postflood cases. Our study shows that flooding leads to an increase in leptospirosis cases, and there is stronger evidence for increased leptospirosis cases after a heavy flood event than after a moderate flooding event. Flood duration may be the most important factor in determining the increase in leptospirosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi John Ifejube
- Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Sekhar L Kuriakose
- Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - T S Anish
- Government Medical College, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Cees van Westen
- Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Justine I Blanford
- Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Basmadjian RB, O’Sullivan DE, Quan ML, Lupichuk S, Xu Y, Cheung WY, Brenner DR. The Association between Mutational Signatures and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Early-Onset Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:592. [PMID: 38790221 PMCID: PMC11121604 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-onset breast cancer (EoBC), defined by a diagnosis <40 years of age, is associated with poor prognosis. This study investigated the mutational landscape of non-metastatic EoBC and the prognostic relevance of mutational signatures using 100 tumour samples from Alberta, Canada. The MutationalPatterns package in R/Bioconductor was used to extract de novo single-base substitution (SBS) and insertion-deletion (indel) mutational signatures and to fit COSMIC SBS and indel signatures. We assessed associations between these signatures and clinical characteristics of disease, in addition to recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Five SBS and two indel signatures were extracted. The SBS13-like signature had higher relative contributions in the HER2-enriched subtype. Patients with higher than median contribution tended to have better RFS after adjustment for other prognostic factors (HR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.08-1.06). An unsupervised clustering algorithm based on absolute contribution revealed three clusters of fitted COSMIC SBS signatures, but cluster membership was not associated with clinical variables or survival outcomes. The results of this exploratory study reveal various SBS and indel signatures may be associated with clinical features of disease and prognosis. Future studies with larger samples are required to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings of disease progression and treatment response in EoBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Basmadjian
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Dylan E. O’Sullivan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - May Lynn Quan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Sasha Lupichuk
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Winson Y. Cheung
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Darren R. Brenner
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
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Kumar D, Rohilla KK, Gupta P, Kalyani VC, Kumar R. Impact of the heartfulness program on stress and sleep among healthcare professionals: Pre experimental study. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1734-1738. [PMID: 38948578 PMCID: PMC11213363 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1434_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare professionals (HCPs) worldwide suffer from stress and poor sleep and the COVID-19 pandemic has further raised these issues. This study sought to determine whether HCPs had reduced stress and increased sleep quality while participating in a heartfulness meditation program. Subjects and Methods For a 2-month (8 weeks) heartfulness meditation program, we included 41 individuals in a prospective one-group pretest post-test intervention design from February 2023 to April 2023. Scores on the Perceived Stress Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were gathered at baseline and 8 weeks. Forty-one (76%) of the 54 participants completed this study for 8 weeks. Results Results showed a substantial decline in stress (preintervention mean ± standard deviation [SD] = 20.54 ± 4.46; postintervention mean ± SD = 18.42 ± 6.14; t-value = -1.947 [0.05*]) and improvement in sleep quality (preintervention mean ± SD = 6.63 ± 3.82; postintervention mean ± SD = 5.29 ± 2.44) among HCPs after following this 8-week heartfulness meditation program. In the end, a substantial decrease in perceived stress score and an improvement in the sleep quality index was found. Conclusion Additionally, practicing heartfulness meditation may aid in developing the traits of empathy, acceptance, and inner serenity. We draw the conclusion that more extensive research is required to fully understand the impact of heartfulness meditation practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of PMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kusum K. Rohilla
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vasantha C. Kalyani
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
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Yosefof E, Tsur N, Zavdy O, Kurman N, Dudkiewicz D, Yehuda M, Bachar G, Shpitzer T, Mizrachi A, Tzelnick S. Prognostic Significance of Regional Disease in Young Patients with Oral Cancer: A Comparative Study. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2212-2220. [PMID: 37965942 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regional metastases are considered the most important prognostic factor in OSCC patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of regional disease among different age groups with OSCC. METHODS A retrospective comparison between patients 40 years old or younger, 41-69 years old, and 70 years or older treated for OSCC between 2000 and 2020 in a tertiary-care center. RESULTS 279 patients were included. The mean age was 65 ± 17.7 and 133 were male (47.7%). Thirty-six (12.9%) were 40 years old or younger, 101 (36.2%) were 41-69 years and 142 (50.9%) were 70 years or older. Five-year overall survival and disease-specific survival (DSS) were significantly better among patients younger than 40 compared to the mid-age group and patients 70 years or older (76.7% vs. 69.4% vs.48.2%, Log-rank p < 0.001, and 76.7% vs. 75.3% vs. 46.5%, Log-rank p < 0.001, respectively). While an association between regional spread and overall survival and DSS was demonstrated among all age groups, the odds ratio (OR) for death of any cause and death of disease regarding cervical metastasis was much higher among patients younger than 40 compared with the 41-69 and 70+ age groups (death of any cause-OR = 23, p-value = 0.008, OR = 2.6, p-value = 0.026, OR = 2.4, p-value = 0.13, respectively. Death of disease-OR = 23, p-value = 0.008, OR = 2.3, p-value = 0.082, OR = 4.1, p-value = 0.001, respectively). In univariate analysis, regional metastasis was associated with disease-free survival only among patients younger than 40 (p-value = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Regional metastases correspond with worse prognosis in young patients compared to older patients. These patients may benefit from a comprehensive treatment approach with close post-treatment follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:2212-2220, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Yosefof
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Tsur
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofir Zavdy
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noga Kurman
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Dean Dudkiewicz
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Yehuda
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Bachar
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas Shpitzer
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviram Mizrachi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Tzelnick
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Gruver B, Kieck D, Casciole M, Everett N, Kline L, Ference K. Perceptions of near-peer teaching in a pharmacy skills-based laboratory. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2024; 88:100695. [PMID: 38583718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2024.100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the perception of students, faculty, and previous lab coaches on a near-peer teaching model integrated into a skills-based laboratory. METHODS As part of a longitudinal near-peer teaching experience, third professional year students are utilized as lab coaches in a skills-based laboratory course. Lab coaches deliver lectures, provide feedback, facilitate activities, and assist with class preparation spanning 2 semesters for first and second professional year students. Students enrolled in the courses received an anonymous 12-question survey to assess the comfort and helpfulness of feedback when working with a lab coach and faculty during the 2021-2022 academic year. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics for survey questions, and thematic analysis for open-ended responses. Semi-structured interviews with previous lab coaches and faculty were conducted, and thematic analysis was utilized for the responses. RESULTS The student survey had an 81.4% response rate (n = 114). Students were significantly more comfortable working with and asking questions to a lab coach than a faculty instructor (mean [SD] of 4.78 [0.66] vs 4.44 [0.75]). Nine (75%) previous lab coaches and 6 (43%) faculty members were also interviewed. A total of 6 themes regarding perceptions of the lab coach position emerged: positive impact on personal and professional development; relationship building; rewarding experience recommended to others; robust teaching experience; struggles and challenges faced by both faculty and lab coaches; appreciation of the position by faculty. CONCLUSION Implementing near-peer teachers into a pharmacy skills-based laboratory was very well received by students, previous lab coaches, and faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gruver
- Wilkes University Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA.
| | - Danielle Kieck
- Wilkes University Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Morgan Casciole
- Wilkes University Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Natalie Everett
- Wilkes University Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Laura Kline
- Wilkes University Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Ference
- Wilkes University Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
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Bedward A, Kaur J, Seedat S, Donohue H, Kow CS, Rasheed MK, Javed A, Hasan SS. Pharmacological interventions to improve sleep in people with Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:527-539. [PMID: 38597219 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2341004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving pharmacological interventions for improving sleep in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A systematic literature search in eight databases from January 2000 to July 2023 focusing on RCTs that compared a pharmacological intervention with a placebo for enhancing sleep in people with AD. The authors registered the study protocol at Prospero, followed the PRISMA guidelines, and produced the pooled estimates using random-effect or IVhet models. RESULTS Eight different interventions and 29 different sleep outcomes were examined in 14 RCTs included in this review. Eszopiclone positively affected sleep efficiency, as did orexin antagonists. However, there was no difference when melatonin was used. The interventions demonstrated low discontinuation rates and a few adverse drug reactions. CONCLUSION Although melatonin was the most investigated intervention, the evidence for its efficacy is inconclusive. On the other hand, trazodone and orexin receptor antagonists showed promising results; however, more RCTs are needed for definite answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bedward
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jasmine Kaur
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Sadiyah Seedat
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Holly Donohue
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Chia Siang Kow
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Kamran Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amaan Javed
- University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shahzad Hasan
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK
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Zeidan RS, Martenson M, Tamargo JA, McLaren C, Ezzati A, Lin Y, Yang JJ, Yoon HS, McElroy T, Collins JF, Leeuwenburgh C, Mankowski RT, Anton S. Iron homeostasis in older adults: balancing nutritional requirements and health risks. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100212. [PMID: 38489995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Iron plays a crucial role in many physiological processes, including oxygen transport, bioenergetics, and immune function. Iron is assimilated from food and also recycled from senescent red blood cells. Iron exists in two dietary forms: heme (animal based) and non-heme (mostly plant based). The body uses iron for metabolic purposes, and stores the excess mainly in splenic and hepatic macrophages. Physiologically, iron excretion in humans is inefficient and not highly regulated, so regulation of intestinal absorption maintains iron homeostasis. Iron losses occur at a steady rate via turnover of the intestinal epithelium, blood loss, and exfoliation of dead skin cells, but overall iron homeostasis is tightly controlled at cellular and systemic levels. Aging can have a profound impact on iron homeostasis and induce a dyshomeostasis where iron deficiency or overload (sometimes both simultaneously) can occur, potentially leading to several disorders and pathologies. To maintain physiologically balanced iron levels, reduce risk of disease, and promote healthy aging, it is advisable for older adults to follow recommended daily intake guidelines and periodically assess iron levels. Clinicians can evaluate body iron status using different techniques but selecting an assessment method primarily depends on the condition being examined. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the forms, sources, and metabolism of dietary iron, associated disorders of iron dyshomeostasis, assessment of iron levels in older adults, and nutritional guidelines and strategies to maintain iron balance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola S Zeidan
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew Martenson
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Javier A Tamargo
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christian McLaren
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Armin Ezzati
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jae Jeong Yang
- UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hyung-Suk Yoon
- UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taylor McElroy
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - James F Collins
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Anton
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Vazirani R, Feltes G, Hoyo RSD, Viana-Llamas MC, Raposeiras-Roubín S, Romero R, Alfonso-Rodríguez E, Uribarri A, Santoro F, Becerra-Muñoz V, Pepe M, Castro-Mejía AF, Signes-Costa J, Gonzalez A, Marín F, Lopez-País J, Cerrato E, Vázquez-Cancela O, Espejo-Paeres C, López Masjuan Á, Velicki L, El-Battrawy I, Ramakrishna H, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Nuñez-Gil IJ. Elevated Troponins after COVID-19 Hospitalization and Long-Term COVID-19 Symptoms: Incidence, Prognosis, and Clinical Outcomes-Results from a Multi-Center International Prospective Registry (HOPE-2). J Clin Med 2024; 13:2596. [PMID: 38731127 PMCID: PMC11084489 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute cardiac injury (ACI) after COVID-19 has been linked with unfavorable clinical outcomes, but data on the clinical impact of elevated cardiac troponin on discharge during follow-up are scarce. Our objective is to elucidate the clinical outcome of patients with elevated troponin on discharge after surviving a COVID-19 hospitalization. Methods: We conducted an analysis in the prospective registry HOPE-2 (NCT04778020). Only patients discharged alive were selected for analysis, and all-cause death on follow-up was considered as the primary endpoint. As a secondary endpoint, we established any long-term COVID-19 symptoms. HOPE-2 stopped enrolling patients on 31 December 2021, with 9299 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, of which 1805 were deceased during the acute phase. Finally, 2382 patients alive on discharge underwent propensity score matching by relevant baseline variables in a 1:3 fashion, from 56 centers in 8 countries. Results: Patients with elevated troponin experienced significantly higher all-cause death during follow-up (log-rank = 27.23, p < 0.001), and had a higher chance of experiencing long-term COVID-19 cardiovascular symptoms. Specifically, fatigue and dyspnea (57.7% and 62.8%, with p-values of 0.009 and <0.001, respectively) are among the most common. Conclusions: After surviving the acute phase, patients with elevated troponin on discharge present increased mortality and long-term COVID-19 symptoms over time, which is clinically relevant in follow-up visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vazirani
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.V.); (A.F.-O.)
| | - Gisela Feltes
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Vithas Arturo Soria, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rafael Sánchez-del Hoyo
- Research Methodological Support Unit and Preventive Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María C. Viana-Llamas
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain;
| | | | - Rodolfo Romero
- Emergency Department, Hospital Isabel Zendal, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Emilio Alfonso-Rodríguez
- Cardiology Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Aitor Uribarri
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Becerra-Muñoz
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Martino Pepe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (D.I.M.), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alex F. Castro-Mejía
- Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS “Los Ceibos”, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador;
| | - Jaime Signes-Costa
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Adelina Gonzalez
- Anesthesiology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia, 28702 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco Marín
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERCV, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Javier Lopez-País
- Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, 32004 Orense, Spain;
| | - Enrico Cerrato
- Cardiology Department, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano and Rivoli Infermi Hospital, 10098 Rivoli, Italy;
| | - Olalla Vázquez-Cancela
- Preventive Department, Hospital Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Carolina Espejo-Paeres
- Cardiology and Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Álvaro López Masjuan
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Juan Ramón Jimenez, 21005 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Lazar Velicki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Vojvodina, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL),Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Ivan J. Nuñez-Gil
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.V.); (A.F.-O.)
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
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Chakraborty LS, Le Maitre CL, Chahine NO, Fields AJ, Gawri R, Giers MB, Smith LJ, Tang SY, Zehra U, Haglund L, Samartzis D, Martin JT. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the productivity and career prospects of musculoskeletal researchers. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38678396 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Academic researchers faced a multitude of challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, including widespread shelter-in-place orders, workplace closures, and cessation of in-person meetings and laboratory activities. The extent to which these challenges impacted musculoskeletal researchers, specifically, is unknown. We developed an anonymous web-based survey to determine the pandemic's impact on research productivity and career prospects among musculoskeletal research trainees and faculty. There were 116 musculoskeletal (MSK) researchers with varying demographic backgrounds who completed the survey. Of respondents, 48.3% (n = 56) believed that musculoskeletal funding opportunities decreased because of COVID-19, with faculty members more likely to hold this belief compared to nonfaculty researchers (p = 0.008). Amongst MSK researchers, 88.8% (n = 103) reported research activity was limited by COVID-19, and 92.2% (n = 107) of researchers reported their research was not able to be refocused on COVID-19-related topics, with basic science researchers less likely to be able to refocus their research compared to clinical researchers (p = 0.030). Additionally, 47.4% (n = 55) reported a decrease in manuscript submissions since the onset of the pandemic. Amongst 51 trainee researchers, 62.8% (n = 32) reported a decrease in job satisfaction directly attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. In summary, study findings indicated that MSK researchers struggled to overcome challenges imposed by the pandemic, reporting declines in funding opportunities, research productivity, and manuscript submission. Trainee researchers experienced significant disruptions to critical research activities and worsening job satisfaction. Our findings motivate future efforts to support trainees in developing their careers and target the recovery of MSK research from the pandemic stall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Chakraborty
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nadeen O Chahine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aaron J Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rahul Gawri
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morgan B Giers
- School of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Lachlan J Smith
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon Y Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Uruj Zehra
- Department of Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dino Samartzis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John T Martin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Jahangir T, Dahn C, Devakottai R, Livingston MD, Woods-Jaeger B. "There's room to do more": a mixed-methods study of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) diversion program and intimate partner violence in Georgia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1326467. [PMID: 38741914 PMCID: PMC11090040 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1326467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a risk factor for homicides and suicides. As poverty is both a predictor and a consequence of IPV, interventions that alleviate poverty-related stressors could mitigate IPV-related harms. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), a monthly cash assistance program, is one such potential intervention. In the state of Georgia, the TANF diversion program, which provides a non-recurrent lump-sum payment to deter individuals from monthly TANF benefits, is an understudied component of TANF that may influence the effectiveness of state TANF programs in supporting IPV survivors. Aim This study quantifies and qualifies the role of Georgia's TANF diversion program in shaping IPV-related mortality. Methods This study relies on a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. Using data from the Georgia Violent Death Reporting System (GA-VDRS), an interrupted time series analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of TANF diversion on IPV-related homicides and suicides. Semi-structured interviews were then administered with TANF policy experts and advocates, welfare caseworkers, and benefit recipients (n = 20) to contextualize the quantitative findings. Results The interrupted time series analysis revealed three fewer IPV-related deaths per month after implementing TANF diversion, compared to pre-diversion forecasts (coefficient = -3.003, 95%CI [-5.474, -0.532]). However, the qualitative interviews illustrated three themes regarding TANF diversion: (1) it is a "band-aid" solution to the access barriers associated with TANF, (2) it provides short-term relief to recipients making hard choices, and (3) its limitations reveal avenues for policy change. Discussion While diversion has the potential to reduce deaths from IPV, it may be an insufficient means of mitigating the poverty-related contributors to IPV harms. Its limitations unveil the need for improved programs to better support IPV survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasfia Jahangir
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Pierre SD, Ramos MC, Shimizu HE. What Are the Best Practices for Nursing Care during an Earthquake? A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:535. [PMID: 38791751 PMCID: PMC11120831 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Among natural disasters, earthquakes have a considerable impact and are among the ten deadliest, with an extreme impact on the healthcare sector. This study aimed to analyze the best practices in nursing care for earthquake victims. An in-depth analysis was carried out by using a scoping review, a method used in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR recommendations, to identify best nursing practice in these circumstances based on searches of eight databases: MEDLINE via PubMed; Cochrane Library; Embase; VHL; PDQ-Evidence; Scopus; ProQuest; and Google Scholar. Twenty-one studies were selected. The nursing practices identified were grouped into two distinct dimensions, each subdivided into four subcategories: (i) care practices: (a) immediate care, (b) intermediate care, (c) psychosocial care, and (d) ethical care; (ii) care management and coordination practices, which cover (a) care coordination, (b) victim care network organization, (c) teamwork, and (d) training. By analyzing these nursing practices during care and relief operations for earthquake victims, this study identified the various actions carried out, the nursing skills to be developed, and the reinforcement of these advanced practices through the systematization of nurses' skills, in order to promote victims' rehabilitation, minimize their suffering, and improve their quality of life during and after an earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherley Dorothie Pierre
- Postgraduate Programme in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Maíra Catharina Ramos
- Postgraduate Programme in Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Helena Eri Shimizu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
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