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Plattard N, Dupuis A, Migeot V, Haddad S, Venisse N. An overview of the literature on emerging pollutants: Chlorinated derivatives of Bisphenol A (Cl xBPA). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 153:106547. [PMID: 33831741 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous contaminant with endocrine-disrupting effects in mammals. During chlorination treatment of drinking water, aqueous BPA can react with chlorine to form chlorinated derivatives of BPA (mono, di, tri and tetra-chlorinated derivatives) or ClxBPA. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to summarize and present the state of knowledge on human toxicological risk assessment of ClxBPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search on ClxBPA in the PubMed database was performed based on studies published between 2002 and 2021. Forty-nine studies on chlorinated derivatives of BPA were found. Available information on their sources and levels of exposure, their effects, their possible mechanisms of action and their toxicokinetics data was extracted and presented. RESULTS ClxBPA have been essentially detected in environmental aqueous media. There is evidence in toxicological and epidemiological studies that ClxBPA also have endocrine-disrupting capabilities. These emerging pollutants have been found in human urine, serum, breast milk, adipose and placental tissue and can constitute a risk to human health. However, in vitro and in vivo toxicokinetic data on ClxBPA are scarce and do not allow characterization of the disposition kinetics of these compounds. CONCLUSION More research to assess their health risks, specifically in vulnerable populations, is needed. Some water chlorination processes are particularly hazardous, and it is important to evaluate their chlorination by-products from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Plattard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, CresP, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM CIC1402, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, HEDEX Research Group, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - A Dupuis
- INSERM CIC1402, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, HEDEX Research Group, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, CHU de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86201 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - V Migeot
- INSERM CIC1402, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, HEDEX Research Group, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - S Haddad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, CresP, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Venisse
- INSERM CIC1402, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, HEDEX Research Group, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, CHU de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86201 Poitiers Cedex, France.
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Kim S, Reed E, Monti S, Schlezinger JJ. A Data-Driven Transcriptional Taxonomy of Adipogenic Chemicals to Identify White and Brite Adipogens. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:77006. [PMID: 34323617 PMCID: PMC8320370 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals in disparate structural classes activate specific subsets of the transcriptional programs of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) to generate adipocytes with distinct phenotypes. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to a) establish a novel classification method to predict PPARγ ligands and modifying chemicals; and b) create a taxonomy to group chemicals on the basis of their effects on PPARγ's transcriptome and downstream metabolic functions. We tested the hypothesis that environmental adipogens highly ranked by the taxonomy, but segregated from therapeutic PPARγ ligands, would induce white but not brite adipogenesis. METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated in the presence of 76 chemicals (negative controls, nuclear receptor ligands known to influence adipocyte biology, potential environmental PPARγ ligands). Differentiation was assessed by measuring lipid accumulation. mRNA expression was determined by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A novel classification model was developed using an amended random forest procedure. A subset of environmental contaminants identified as strong PPARγ agonists were analyzed by their effects on lipid handling, mitochondrial biogenesis, and cellular respiration in 3T3-L1 cells and human preadipocytes. RESULTS We used lipid accumulation and RNA-Seq data to develop a classification system that a) identified PPARγ agonists; and b) sorted chemicals into likely white or brite adipogens. Expression of Cidec was the most efficacious indicator of strong PPARγ activation. 3T3-L1 cells treated with two known environmental PPARγ ligands, tetrabromobisphenol A and triphenyl phosphate, which sorted distinctly from therapeutic ligands, had higher expression of white adipocyte genes but no difference in Pgc1a and Ucp1 expression, and higher fatty acid uptake but not mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, cells treated with two chemicals identified as highly ranked PPARγ agonists, tonalide and quinoxyfen, induced white adipogenesis without the concomitant health-promoting characteristics of brite adipocytes in mouse and human preadipocytes. DISCUSSION A novel classification procedure accurately identified environmental chemicals as PPARγ ligands distinct from known PPARγ-activating therapeutics. CONCLUSION The computational and experimental framework has general applicability to the classification of as-yet uncharacterized chemicals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6886.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Reed
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Schlezinger
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts, USA
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Yao L, Wang Y, Shi J, Liu Y, Guo H, Yang X, Liu Y, Ma J, Li D, Wang Z, Li Z, Luo Q, Fu J, Zhang Q, Qu G, Wang Y, Jiang G. Toxicity of Tetrabromobisphenol A and Its Derivative in the Mouse Liver Following Oral Exposure at Environmentally Relevant Levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8191-8202. [PMID: 34086441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As typical brominated flame retardants (BFRs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivative TBBPA-bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPA-BDBPE) are ubiquitous in various environmental compartments. However, the potential health risk posed by these compounds, especially at environmentally relevant levels, remains unclear. In this study, using adult male mice, we investigated the toxicity of orally administered TBBPA and TBBPA-BDBPE at an environmentally relevant dose (57 nmol/kg body weight). After a single exposure and daily exposure, we assessed lipid metabolism homeostasis, the transcriptome, and immune cell components in the liver. We found that the single exposure to TBBPA or TBBPA-BDBPE alone increased the number of hepatic macrophages, induced alterations in the levels of lipids, including triacylglycerol and free fatty acids, and caused transcriptome perturbation. The results from the daily administration groups showed that TBBPA and TBBPA-BDBPE both significantly increased the triacylglycerol content; however, the elevation of hepatic macrophages was observed only in the TBBPA-BDBPE treatment group. This study confirmed that environmentally relevant levels of TBBPA and TBBPA-BDBPE are toxic to the liver. Our findings revealed that dysfunction of the liver is a health concern, following exposure to BFRs, even at very low concentrations. The chronic effects induced by TBBPA and its derivatives should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Danyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziniu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zikang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wang Z, Chen J, Hong H. Developing QSAR Models with Defined Applicability Domains on PPARγ Binding Affinity Using Large Data Sets and Machine Learning Algorithms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6857-6866. [PMID: 33914508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals may cause adverse effects on human health through binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Hence, binding affinity is useful for evaluating chemicals with potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) regression models with defined applicability domains (ADs) are important to enable efficient screening of chemicals with PPARγ binding activity. However, lack of large data sets hindered the development of QSAR models. In this study, based on PPARγ binding affinity data sets curated from various sources, 30 QSAR models were developed using molecular fingerprints, two-dimensional descriptors, and five machine learning algorithms. Structure-activity landscapes (SALs) of the training compounds were described by network-like similarity graphs (NSGs). Based on the NSGs, local discontinuity scores were calculated and found to be positively correlated with the cross-validation absolute prediction errors of the models using the different training sets, descriptors, and algorithms. Moreover, innovative ADs were defined based on pairwise similarities between compounds and were found to outperform some conventional ADs. The curated data sets and developed regression models could be useful for evaluating PPARγ-involved adverse effects of chemicals. The SAL analysis and the innovative ADs could facilitate understanding of prediction results from QSAR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
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55
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Bisphenols and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of the Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) are environmental contaminants that have been associated with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Two organs that are often implicated in the development of insulin resistance are the skeletal muscle and the adipose tissue, however, seldom studies have investigated the effects of bisphenols on their metabolism. In this review we discuss metabolic perturbations that occur in both the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue affected with insulin resistance, and how exposure to BPA or BPS has been linked to these changes. Furthermore, we highlight the possible effects of BPA on the cross-talk between the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
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Houck KA, Simha A, Bone A, Doering JA, Vliet SMF, LaLone C, Medvedev A, Makarov S. Evaluation of a multiplexed, multispecies nuclear receptor assay for chemical hazard assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105016. [PMID: 33049310 PMCID: PMC11267479 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment varies across species and is influenced by sequence conservation of their nuclear receptor targets. Here, we evaluated a multiplexed, in vitro assay testing receptors relevant to endocrine and metabolic disruption from five species. The TRANS-FACTORIAL™ system of human nuclear receptors was modified to include additional species: mouse (Mus musculus), frog (Xenopus laevis), zebrafish (Danio rerio), chicken (Gallus gallus), and turtle (Chrysemys picta). Receptors regulating endocrine function and xenobiotic recognition were included, specifically: ERα, ERβ, AR, TRα, TRβ, PPARγ and PXR. The assay, ECOTOX-FACTORIAL™, was evaluated with 191 chemicals enriched with known receptor ligands. Hierarchical clustering of potency values demonstrated strong coherence of receptor families. Interspecies comparisons of responses within a receptor family showed moderate to high concordance for potencies under 50 μM. PPARγ showed high concordance between mammalian species, 89%, but only 63% between mammalian and zebrafish. For chemicals with potencies below 1 μM, concordances were 89-100% for all receptors except PXR. Concordance showed a strong positive relationship to ligand-binding domain sequence similarity and critical amino acid residues obtained by the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility (SeqAPASS) tool. In combination with SeqAPASS, ECOTOX-FACTORIAL may provide efficient screening of important receptors to identify species of high priority for effects monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Houck
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Anita Simha
- ORAU, Contractor to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the National Student Services Contract, United States
| | - Audrey Bone
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Jon A Doering
- National Research Council, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Sara M F Vliet
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Ecology, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Carlie LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, United States of America
| | - Alex Medvedev
- Attagene, Inc., 7030 Kit Creek Rd, Morrisville, NC 27560, United States of America
| | - Sergei Makarov
- Attagene, Inc., 7030 Kit Creek Rd, Morrisville, NC 27560, United States of America
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Utilizing systems biology to reveal cellular responses to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand exposure. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:169-178. [PMID: 34345858 PMCID: PMC8320640 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human (HepG2) cells were exposed to PPARγ ligands to induce systems-level effects. Ciglitazone decreases HepG2 cell viability while GW 9662 had no effect. Ciglitazone and GW 9662 increase neutral lipids as a function of concentration. Cholesterol biosynthesis transcripts are affected by ciglitazone and GW 9662. Ciglitazone alters lipid profiles but GW 9662 was similar to vehicle-exposed cells.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that, upon activation by ligands, heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor (RXR), binds to PPAR response elements (PPREs), and activates transcription of downstream genes. As PPARγ plays a central role in adipogenesis, fatty acid storage, and glucose metabolism, PPARγ-specific pharmaceuticals (e.g., thiazolidinediones) have been developed to treat Type II diabetes and obesity within human populations. However, to our knowledge, no prior studies have concurrently assessed the effects of PPARγ ligand exposure on genome-wide PPARγ binding as well as effects on the transcriptome and lipidome within human cells at biologically active, non-cytotoxic concentrations. In addition to quantifying concentration-dependent effects of ciglitazone (a reference PPARγ agonist) and GW 9662 (a reference PPARγ antagonist) on human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell viability, PPARγ abundance in situ, and neutral lipids, HepG2 cells were exposed to either vehicle (0.1% DMSO), ciglitazone, or GW 9662 for up to 24 h, and then harvested for 1) chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify PPARγ-bound regions across the entire genome, 2) mRNA-sequencing (mRNA-seq) to identify potential impacts on the transcriptome, and 3) lipidomics to identify potential alterations in lipid profiles. Following exposure to ciglitazone and GW 9662, we found that PPARγ levels were not significantly different after 2–8 h of exposure. While ciglitazone and GW 9662 resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in neutral lipids, the magnitude and localization of PPARγ-bound regions across the genome (as identified by ChIP-seq) did not vary by treatment. However, mRNA-seq and lipidomics revealed that exposure of HepG2 cells to ciglitazone and GW 9662 resulted in significant, treatment-specific effects on the transcriptome and lipidome. Overall, our findings suggest that exposure of human cells to PPARγ ligands at biologically active, non-cytotoxic concentrations results in toxicity that may be driven by a combination of both PPARγ-dependent and PPARγ-independent mechanisms.
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Khazaee M, Christie E, Cheng W, Michalsen M, Field J, Ng C. Perfluoroalkyl Acid Binding with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors α, γ, and δ, and Fatty Acid Binding Proteins by Equilibrium Dialysis with a Comparison of Methods. TOXICS 2021; 9:45. [PMID: 33652875 PMCID: PMC7996760 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological impacts of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are linked to their protein interactions. Existing research has largely focused on serum albumin and liver fatty acid binding protein, and binding affinities determined with a variety of methods show high variability. Moreover, few data exist for short-chain PFAS, though their prevalence in the environment is increasing. We used molecular dynamics (MD) to screen PFAS binding to liver and intestinal fatty acid binding proteins (L- and I-FABPs) and peroxisome proliferator activated nuclear receptors (PPAR-α, -δ and -γ) with six perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and three perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs). Equilibrium dissociation constants, KDs, were experimentally determined via equilibrium dialysis (EqD) with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for protein-PFAS pairs. A comparison was made between KDs derived from EqD, both here and in literature, and other in vitro approaches (e.g., fluorescence) from literature. EqD indicated strong binding between PPAR-δ and perfluorobutanoate (0.044 ± 0.013 µM) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (0.035 ± 0.0020 µM), and between PPAR-α and perfluorohexanoate (0.097 ± 0.070 µM). Unlike binding affinities for L-FABP, which increase with chain length, KDs for PPARs showed little chain length dependence by either MD simulation or EqD. Compared with other in vitro approaches, EqD-based KDs consistently indicated higher affinity across different proteins. This is the first study to report PPARs binding with short-chain PFAS with KDs in the sub-micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoochehr Khazaee
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (M.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Emerson Christie
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; (E.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Weixiao Cheng
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (M.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Mandy Michalsen
- U.S. Army Engineer Research Development Center—Environmental Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA;
| | - Jennifer Field
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; (E.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Carla Ng
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (M.K.); (W.C.)
- Secondary Appointment, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Niu Y, Wang B, Yang R, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Li C, Zhang J, Xing Y, Shao B. Bisphenol Analogues and Their Chlorinated Derivatives in Breast Milk in China: Occurrence and Exposure Assessment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1391-1397. [PMID: 33480683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues (together with their chlorinated derivatives are referred to as BPs) were measured in 181 breastmilk samples collected from 9 provinces in China in 2014. Twelve BP types were found. The BP concentrations ranged from not detected to 5.912 μg/L. BPA was the predominant BP, followed by bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). The mean BPA, BPF, and BPS levels were 0.444, 0.107, and 0.027 μg/L, respectively. Other BPs were sporadically detected in breastmilk samples. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in BPA, BPF, BPS, or total BP levels in the urban and rural regions or the northern and southern regions. BPA accounted for approximately 70% of the BPs and BPF accounted for more than 20% of the BPs in breast milk samples. The high contribution of BPF indicated that BPA analogues, not only BPA, should receive attention. The upper-bound daily intakes of BPs for infants 0-6 months old were 0.044-1.291 μg/kg bw/day. Despite the absence of tolerable daily intake data, attention should be paid not only on BPA but also BPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Comprehensive Test Center, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Runhui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Cuizhi Li
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company Limited Share Ltd, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yang Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
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Amato AA, Wheeler HB, Blumberg B. Obesity and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R87-R105. [PMID: 33449914 PMCID: PMC7983487 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is now a worldwide pandemic. The usual explanation given for the prevalence of obesity is that it results from consumption of a calorie dense diet coupled with physical inactivity. However, this model inadequately explains rising obesity in adults and in children over the past few decades, indicating that other factors must be important contributors. An endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) is an exogenous chemical, or mixture that interferes with any aspect of hormone action. EDCs have become pervasive in our environment, allowing humans to be exposed daily through ingestion, inhalation, and direct dermal contact. Exposure to EDCs has been causally linked with obesity in model organisms and associated with obesity occurrence in humans. Obesogens promote adipogenesis and obesity, in vivo, by a variety of mechanisms. The environmental obesogen model holds that exposure to obesogens elicits a predisposition to obesity and that such exposures may be an important yet overlooked factor in the obesity pandemic. Effects produced by EDCs and obesogen exposure may be passed to subsequent, unexposed generations. This "generational toxicology" is not currently factored into risk assessment by regulators but may be another important factor in the obesity pandemic as well as in the worldwide increases in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases that plague populations everywhere. This review addresses the current evidence on how obesogens affect body mass, discusses long-known chemicals that have been more recently identified as obesogens, and how the accumulated knowledge can help identify EDCs hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Amorim Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hailey Brit Wheeler
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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61
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Long Z, Fan J, Wu G, Liu X, Wu H, Liu J, Chen Y, Su S, Cheng X, Xu Z, Su H, Cao M, Zhang C, Hai C, Wang X. Gestational bisphenol A exposure induces fatty liver development in male offspring mice through the inhibition of HNF1b and upregulation of PPARγ. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:65-84. [PMID: 32623698 PMCID: PMC7851022 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effects of gestational BPA exposure on hepatic lipid accumulation in offspring are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the sex-dependent effects of gestational BPA exposure on hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in the offspring of mice to reveal the mechanisms underlying gestational BPA exposure-associated NAFLD. Pregnant mice were administered gavage with or without 1 μg kg-1 day-1 BPA at embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5)-E16.5. Hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism were evaluated in these models. Both male and female offspring mice exhibited hepatic fatty liver after BPA treatment. Lipid accumulation and dysfunction of glucose metabolism were observed in male offspring. We revealed abnormal expression of lipid regulators in the liver and that inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) repressed hepatic lipid accumulation induced by gestational BPA exposure. We also found a sex-dependent decrease of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b (HNF1b) expression in male offspring. The transcriptional repression of PPARγ by HNF1b was confirmed in L02 cells. Downregulation of HNF1b, upregulation of PPARγ, and subsequent upregulation of hepatic lipid accumulation were essential for NAFLD development in male offspring gestationally exposed to BPA as well as BPA-exposed adult male mice. Dysregulation of the HNF1b/PPARγ pathway may be involved in gestational BPA exposure-induced NAFLD in male offspring. These data provide new insights into the mechanism of gestational BPA exposure-associated sex-dependent glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction. Graphical abstract Schematic of the mechanism of gestational BPA exposure-induced glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Long
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junshu Fan
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guangyuan Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuhao Su
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhongrui Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongfei Su
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Yang R, Liu S, Liang X, Yin N, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Faiola F. TBBPA, TBBPS, and TCBPA disrupt hESC hepatic differentiation and promote the proliferation of differentiated cells partly via up-regulation of the FGF10 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123341. [PMID: 32653787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), including Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), Tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS), and Tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), are widely applied in the manufacturing industry to improve fire safety and can be detected in pregnant women's serum at nanomolar levels. Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to the three HFR potential development toxicity, which has not been conclusively addressed yet. The liver is the main organ that detoxifies our body; TBBPA exposure may lead to increased liver weight in rodents. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the developmental hepatic toxicity of the three HFRs with a human embryonic stem cell hepatic differentiation-based system and transcriptomics analyses. We mostly evaluated lineage fate alterations and demonstrated the three HFRs may have common disruptive effects on hepatic differentiation, with TCBPA being significantly more potent. More specifically, the three HFRs up-regulated genes related to cell cycle and FGF10 signaling, at late stages of the hepatic differentiation. This indicates the three chemicals promoted hepatoblast proliferation likely via up-regulating the FGF10 cascade. At the same time, we also presented a powerful way to combine in vitro differentiation and in silico transcriptomic analyses, to efficiently evaluate hazardous materials' adverse effects on lineage fate decisions during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Xiaoxing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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63
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Mohajer N, Du CY, Checkcinco C, Blumberg B. Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:780888. [PMID: 34899613 PMCID: PMC8655100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult and childhood obesity have reached pandemic level proportions. The idea that caloric excess and insufficient levels of physical activity leads to obesity is a commonly accepted answer for unwanted weight gain. This paradigm offers an inconclusive explanation as the world continually moves towards an unhealthier and heavier existence irrespective of energy balance. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that resemble natural hormones and disrupt endocrine function by interfering with the body's endogenous hormones. A subset of EDCs called obesogens have been found to cause metabolic disruptions such as increased fat storage, in vivo. Obesogens act on the metabolic system through multiple avenues and have been found to affect the homeostasis of a variety of systems such as the gut microbiome and adipose tissue functioning. Obesogenic compounds have been shown to cause metabolic disturbances later in life that can even pass into multiple future generations, post exposure. The rising rates of obesity and related metabolic disease are demanding increasing attention on chemical screening efforts and worldwide preventative strategies to keep the public and future generations safe. This review addresses the most current findings on known obesogens and their effects on the metabolic system, the mechanisms of action through which they act upon, and the screening efforts through which they were identified with. The interplay between obesogens, brown adipose tissue, and the gut microbiome are major topics that will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mohajer
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Chrislyn Y. Du
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christian Checkcinco
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bruce Blumberg,
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64
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McIlwraith EK, Belsham DD. Hypothalamic reproductive neurons communicate through signal transduction to control reproduction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110971. [PMID: 32750397 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus coordinate fertility and puberty. In order to achieve successful reproductive capacity, they receive signals from the periphery and from other hypothalamic neurons that coordinate energy homeostasis. Hormones, such as estradiol, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin, act directly or indirectly on GnRH and its associated reproductive neurons. Nutrients like glucose and fatty acids can also affect reproductive neurons to signal nutrient availability. Additionally, acute and chronic inflammation is reported to detrimentally affect GnRH and kisspeptin expression. All of these cues activate signal transduction pathways within neurons that lead to the changes in GnRH neuronal function. The signalling pathways can also be dysregulated by endocrine disrupting chemicals, which impair fertility by misappropriating common signalling pathways. The complex mechanisms controlling the levels of GnRH during the reproductive cycle rely on a carefully orchestrated set of signal transduction events to regulate the positive and negative feedback arms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. If these signalling events are dysregulated, this will result is a downregulatory event leading to hypogonadal hypogonadism with decreased or absent fertility. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms involved in distinct neuronal signalling could provide an advantage to inform therapeutic interventions for infertility and reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K McIlwraith
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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65
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Naderi M, Kwong RWM. A comprehensive review of the neurobehavioral effects of bisphenol S and the mechanisms of action: New insights from in vitro and in vivo models. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106078. [PMID: 32911243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The normal brain development and function are delicately driven by an ever-changing milieu of steroid hormones arising from fetal, placental, and maternal origins. This reliance on the neuroendocrine system sets the stage for the exquisite sensitivity of the central nervous system to the adverse effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common EDCs which has been a particular focus of environmental concern for decades due to its widespread nature and formidable threat to human and animal health. The heightened regulatory actions and the scientific and public concern over the adverse health effects of BPA have led to its replacement with a suite of structurally similar but less known alternative chemicals. Bisphenol S (BPS) is the main substitute for BPA that is increasingly being used in a wide array of consumer and industrial products. Although it was considered to be a safe BPA alternative, mounting evidence points to the deleterious effects of BPS on a wide range of neuroendocrine functions in animals. In addition to its reproductive toxicity, recent experimental efforts indicate that BPS has a considerable potential to induce neurotoxicity and behavioral dysfunction. This review analyzes the current state of knowledge regarding the neurobehavioral effects of BPS and discusses its potential mode of actions on several aspects of the neuroendocrine system. We summarize the role of certain hormones and their signaling pathways in the regulation of brain and behavior and discuss how BPS induces neurotoxicity through interactions with these pathways. Finally, we review potential links between BPS exposure and aberrant neurobehavioral functions in animals and identify key knowledge gaps and hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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66
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ji Z, Wang F, Zhang L, Song M, Li H. Oxidative damage mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells exposed to tetrachlorobisphenol A. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103507. [PMID: 33007436 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) can promote intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. However, limited attention has been given to mechanisms underlying TCBPA exposure-associated ROS accumulation. Here, such mechanisms were explored in the simple eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to multiple concentrations of TCBPA. Addition of diphenyleneiodonium, a specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, blocked TCBPA treatment-associated intracellular ROS accumulation. NADPH oxidase can be activated by calcineurin, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and tyrosine kinase. Therefore, corresponding specific inhibition respectively on these three kinases was performed and results suggested that the Ca2+ signaling pathway, MAPK pathway, and tyrosine kinase pathway all contributed to the TCBPA exposure-associated intracellular ROS accumulation. In addition, TCBPA exposure-associated up-regulation of genes involved in ROS production and down-regulation of catalase promoted ROS accumulation in S. cerevisiae. To sum up, our current results provide insights into the understanding of TCBPA exposure-associated ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yaxian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhihua Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Fengbang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Maoyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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67
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Küblbeck J, Niskanen J, Honkakoski P. Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals and the Constitutive Androstane Receptor CAR. Cells 2020; 9:E2306. [PMID: 33076503 PMCID: PMC7602645 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR; NR1I3) has emerged as a master activator of drug- and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and transporters that govern the clearance of both exogenous and endogenous small molecules. Recent studies indicate that CAR participates, together with other nuclear receptors (NRs) and transcription factors, in regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, hepatocyte communication, proliferation and toxicity, and liver tumor development in rodents. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) constitute a wide range of persistent organic compounds that have been associated with aberrations of hormone-dependent physiological processes. Their adverse health effects include metabolic alterations such as diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease in animal models and humans exposed to EDCs. As numerous xenobiotics can activate CAR, its role in EDC-elicited adverse metabolic effects has gained much interest. Here, we review the key features and mechanisms of CAR as a xenobiotic-sensing receptor, species differences and selectivity of CAR ligands, contribution of CAR to regulation hepatic metabolism, and evidence for CAR-dependent EDC action therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Küblbeck
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Jonna Niskanen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7569, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7569, USA
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68
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Neale PA, Grimaldi M, Boulahtouf A, Leusch FDL, Balaguer P. Assessing species-specific differences for nuclear receptor activation for environmental water extracts. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116247. [PMID: 32758789 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro bioassays are increasingly applied to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in environmental waters. Most studies use human nuclear receptor assays, but this raises questions about their relevance for evaluating ecosystem health. The current study aimed to assess species-specific differences in the activation or inhibition of a range of human and zebrafish nuclear receptors by different water extracts. Wastewater and surface water extracts were run in transactivation assays indicative of the estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), progesterone receptor (PR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). The transactivation assays were complemented with competitive binding assays for human AR, GR, PR and MR. In most cases, both human and zebrafish nuclear receptor activity were detected in the water extracts. Only some species-specific differences in potency and activity were observed. Water extracts were more active in zebrafish PXR compared to human PXR whereas the opposite was observed for PPARγ. Further, all water extracts inhibited zebrafish PR, while only one extract showed weak anti-progestagenic activity for human PR. Due to these observed differences, zebrafish nuclear receptor assays may be preferable over human nuclear receptor assays to assess the potential risks of EDCs to aquatic organisms. However, recognizing issues with availability of zebrafish nuclear receptor assays and the relatively small differences in responsiveness for many of the human and zebrafish nuclear receptors, including the widely studied ER, the current study supports the continued use of human nuclear receptor assays for water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia.
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier 1, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34290 Montpellier, France
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier 1, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34290 Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université Montpellier 1, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34290 Montpellier, France
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69
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Medvedev AV, Medvedeva LA, Martsen E, Moeser M, Gorman KL, Lin B, Blackwell B, Villeneuve DL, Houck KA, Crofton KM, Makarov SS. Harmonized Cross-Species Assessment of Endocrine and Metabolic Disruptors by Ecotox FACTORIAL Assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12142-12153. [PMID: 32901485 PMCID: PMC11285471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a threat to humans and wildlife species. Of particular concern are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). An important target of EDCs is nuclear receptors (NRs) that control endocrine and metabolic responses through transcriptional regulation. Owing in part to structural differences of NRs, adverse effects of EDCs vary significantly among species. Here, we describe a multiplexed reporter assay (the Ecotox FACTORIAL) enabling parallel assessment of compounds' effects on estrogen, androgen, thyroid, and PPARγ receptors of representative mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. The Ecotox FACTORIAL is a single-well assay comprising a set of species-specific, one-hybrid GAL4-NR reporter constructs transiently transfected into test cells. To harmonize cross-species assessments, we used a combination of two approaches. First, we used the same type of test cells for all reporters; second, we implemented a parallel detection of reporter RNAs. The assay demonstrated excellent quality, reproducibility, and insignificant intra-assay variability. Importantly, the EC50 values for NR ligands were consistent with those reported for conventional assays. Using the assay allowed ranking the hazard potential of environmental pollutants (e.g., bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and synthetic progestins) across species. Furthermore, the assay permitted detecting taxa-specific effects of surface water samples. Therefore, the Ecotox FACTORIAL enables harmonized assessment of the endocrine and metabolic disrupting activity of chemicals and surface water in humans as well as in wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brett Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN 55804
| | - Keith A. Houck
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
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Rahmani S, Vakhshiteh F, Hodjat M, Sahranavardfard P, Hassani S, Ghafour Broujerdi E, Rahimifard M, Gholami M, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Gene-Environmental Interplay in Bisphenol A Subchronic Animal Exposure: New Insights into the Epigenetic Regulation of Pancreatic Islets. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2338-2350. [PMID: 32701268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA), which is widely used in the plastic industry, have recently been considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. The present study aimed to examine the potentially detrimental effects of BPA on glucose and energy metabolism at the epigenetic level. The blood glucose profile of Wistar rats receiving different oral doses of BPA over 28 days was assessed. At the end of the treatment, the islets of Langerhans were isolated and purified, and their RNA content was extracted. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling was evaluated using the next generation sequencing (NGS) method. After performing bioinformatic analysis of the NGS data, the gene ontology and data enrichment in terms of significantly disturbed miRNAs were evaluated through different databases, including Enrichr and DIANA tools. Additionally, the DNA methylation and the level of expression of two critical genes in glucose metabolism (PPARγ, Pdx1) were assessed. Subchronic BPA exposure (406 mg/kg/day) disturbed the blood glucose profile (fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance) of Wistar rats and resulted in considerable cytotoxicity. NGS data analyses revealed that the expression of some crucial miRNAs involved in β-cell metabolism and diabetes occurrence and development, including miR-375, miR-676, miR-126-a, and miR-340-5p, was significantly disrupted. According to the DNA methylation evaluation, both PPARγ and Pdx1 genes underwent changes in the methylation level at particular loci on the gene's promoter. The expression levels of these genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Overall, subchronic BPA exposure could cause epigenetic dysregulation at the gene level and interfere with the expression of key miRNAs and the methylation process of genes involved in glucose homeostasis. Understanding the exact underlying mechanisms by which BPA and other EDCs induce endocrine disturbance could be of great importance in the way of finding new preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Rahmani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Parisa Sahranavardfard
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Elmira Ghafour Broujerdi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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71
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Nguyen HT, Yamamoto K, Iida M, Agusa T, Ochiai M, Guo J, Karthikraj R, Kannan K, Kim EY, Iwata H. Effects of prenatal bisphenol A exposure on the hepatic transcriptome and proteome in rat offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137568. [PMID: 32145629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with liver dysfunction and diseases in adulthood. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of prenatal BPA exposure on the hepatic transcriptome and proteome in female and male offspring and to understand adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) to observed phenotypic effects. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to 50 or 5000 μg BPA/kg bw/day, or 17β-estradiol (E2, 50 μg/kg bw/day) from embryonic day 3 to 18. The liver transcriptome and proteome profiles were analyzed in the newborn (postnatal day 1; PND1) and weaning (PND21) rat offspring. Based on the differentially expressed genes/proteins derived from transcriptome and proteome profiles, we performed pathway, transcription factor, and disease enrichment analyses. A principal component analysis of transcriptome data demonstrated that prenatal BPA exposure caused masculinization of the hepatic transcriptome in females. Both of transcriptomic and proteomic data showed that prenatal BPA exposure led to the disruption of cell cycle, lipid homeostasis, and hormone balance in offspring. Most of the effects at the transcript level were extended from newborn to weaning in males, but were moderated until weaning in females. The alterations at the transcript and protein levels were accordant with the observation of increases in body weight and anogenital distance and changes in hepatosomatic index in the offspring. Collectively, we constructed AOPs with evidence of sex- and age-specific actions of prenatal BPA exposure in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thanh Nguyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kimika Yamamoto
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Midori Iida
- Graduate School of Computer Science and System Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-0067, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Agusa
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Mari Ochiai
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Jiahua Guo
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, United States
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.
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72
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Evaluation of the Effect of Selected Brominated Flame Retardants on Human Serum Albumin and Human Erythrocyte Membrane Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113926. [PMID: 32486253 PMCID: PMC7312639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been using to reduce the flammability of plastics contained in many products, such as household articles, furniture, mattresses, textiles or insulation. Considering the fact that these compounds may be released into the environment leading to the exposure of living organisms, it is necessary to study their possible effects and mechanisms of action. Proteins play a crucial role in all biological processes. For this reason, a simple model of human serum albumin (HSA) was chosen to study the mechanism of BFRs’ effect on proteins. The study determined interactions between selected BFRs, i.e., tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS), 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) and pentabromophenol (PBP), and HSA by measurement of fluorescence of intrinsic tryptophan and absorbance of circular dichroism (CD). In addition, in order to understand the possible effect of these compounds in their native environment, the effect of BFRs on membrane proteins of human erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs) was also assessed. Among bromophenols, PBP had the strongest oxidative effect on RBC membrane, and 2,4-DBP demonstrated the weakest fluorescence-quenching effect of both membrane tryptophan and HSA. By contrast to PBP, 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP caused spatial changes of HSA. We have observed that among all analyzed BFRs, TBBPA caused the strongest oxidation of RBC membrane proteins and the model HSA protein, causing reduction of fluorescence of tryptophan contained in them. TBBPA also changed albumin conformation properties, leading to impairment of the α-helix structure. However, TBBPS had the weakest oxidative effect on proteins among studied BFRs and did not affect the secondary structure of HSA.
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73
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Andrews FV, Kim SM, Edwards L, Schlezinger JJ. Identifying adipogenic chemicals: Disparate effects in 3T3-L1, OP9 and primary mesenchymal multipotent cell models. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104904. [PMID: 32473317 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes are used commonly to identify new adipogens, but this cell line has been shown to produce variable results. Here, potential adipogenic chemicals (identified in the ToxCast dataset using the Toxicological Priority Index) were tested for their ability to induce adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, OP9 cells and primary mouse bone marrow multipotent stromal cells (BM-MSC). Ten of the 36 potential adipogens stimulated lipid accumulation in at least one model (novel: fenthion, quinoxyfen, prallethrin, allethrin, pyrimethanil, tebuconzaole, 2,4,6-tris (tert-butyl)phenol; known: fentin, pioglitazone, 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A). Only prallethrin and pioglitazone enhanced lipid accumulation in all models. OP9 cells were significantly more sensitive to chemicals known to activate PPARγ through RXR than the other models. Coordinate effects on adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation were investigated further in BM-MSCs. Lipid accumulation was correlated with the ability to stimulate expression of the PPARγ target gene, Plin1. Induction of lipid accumulation also was associated with reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity. Allethrin, prallethrin, and quinoxyfen strongly suppressed osteogenic gene expression. BM-MSCs were useful in coordinately investigating pro-adipogenic and anti-osteogenic effects. Overall, the results show that additional models should be used in conjunction with 3T3-L1 cells to identify a broader spectrum of adipogens and their coordinate effects on osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye V Andrews
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lariah Edwards
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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74
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Liu QS, Sun Z, Ren X, Ren Z, Liu A, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Chemical Structure-Related Adipogenic Effects of Tetrabromobisphenol A and Its Analogues on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6262-6271. [PMID: 32314580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), the most widely used brominated flame retardant, is reported to potentially possess risks in inducing obesity or obesity-related metabolic diseases. Considering the increasing environmental contamination of TBBPA analogues and their high structural similarities to the parent compound, whether they could influence adipogenesis or not remains to be elucidated. In this study, two of the most prevalent TBBPA derivatives [i.e., TBBPA bis(allyl ether) (TBBPA-BAE) and TBBPA bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPA-BDBPE)] and their byproducts [i.e., TBBPA mono(allyl ether) (TBBPA-MAE) and TBBPA mono(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPA-MDBPE)], together with TBBPA, were screened for their capacities in activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the key nuclear receptors involved in adipogenesis, and their structure-related effects on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were explored. The results indicated that the binding affinities of TBBPA and its analogues for the PPARγ ligand-binding domain (PPARγ-LBD) and GR, as well as their effects on PPARγ transactivation, followed the order of TBBPA > TBBPA-MAE > TBBPA-MDBPE > TBBPA-BAE, TBBPA-BDBPE. Nevertheless, TBBPA-MAE and TBBPA-MDBPE showed higher potentials in promoting adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells than did TBBPA, as evidenced by intracellular triglyceride contents and adipogenic biomarkers at both protein and transcriptional levels. The etherified group at position 4 of TBBPA phenolic rings was crucial in chemical-induced adipogenic effects, which was related with the recruitment of PPARγ and GR-mediated networks and some other unidentified signaling pathways. The findings on the disturbance of TBBPA analogues on adipogenesis revealed their potential risk in causing obesity and other lipid metabolism-related human health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Department of POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, P.R. China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, P.R. China
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75
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Legler J, Zalko D, Jourdan F, Jacobs M, Fromenty B, Balaguer P, Bourguet W, Munic Kos V, Nadal A, Beausoleil C, Cristobal S, Remy S, Ermler S, Margiotta-Casaluci L, Griffin JL, Blumberg B, Chesné C, Hoffmann S, Andersson PL, Kamstra JH. The GOLIATH Project: Towards an Internationally Harmonised Approach for Testing Metabolism Disrupting Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3480. [PMID: 32423144 PMCID: PMC7279023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this project report is to introduce the European "GOLIATH" project, a new research project which addresses one of the most urgent regulatory needs in the testing of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), namely the lack of methods for testing EDCs that disrupt metabolism and metabolic functions. These chemicals collectively referred to as "metabolism disrupting compounds" (MDCs) are natural and anthropogenic chemicals that can promote metabolic changes that can ultimately result in obesity, diabetes, and/or fatty liver in humans. This project report introduces the main approaches of the project and provides a focused review of the evidence of metabolic disruption for selected EDCs. GOLIATH will generate the world's first integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA) specifically tailored to MDCs. GOLIATH will focus on the main cellular targets of metabolic disruption-hepatocytes, pancreatic endocrine cells, myocytes and adipocytes-and using an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework will provide key information on MDC-related mode of action by incorporating multi-omic analyses and translating results from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models and assays to adverse metabolic health outcomes in humans at real-life exposures. Given the importance of international acceptance of the developed test methods for regulatory use, GOLIATH will link with ongoing initiatives of the Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) for test method (pre-)validation, IATA, and AOP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Legler
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Daniel Zalko
- INRAE Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Metabolism and Xenobiotics (MeX) Team, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (D.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- INRAE Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Metabolism and Xenobiotics (MeX) Team, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (D.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Miriam Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton OXON. OX11 0RQ, UK;
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) INSERM UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, Université de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - William Bourguet
- Center for Structural Biochemistry (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Angel Nadal
- IDiBE and CIBERDEM, Universitas Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain;
| | - Claire Beausoleil
- ANSES, Direction de l’Evaluation des Risques, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort CEDEX, France;
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Sylvie Remy
- Sustainable Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO, 2400 Mol, Belgium;
| | - Sibylle Ermler
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.E.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.E.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, 2011 BioSci 3, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA;
| | - Christophe Chesné
- Biopredic International, Parc d’Activité de la Bretèche Bâtiment A4, 35760 Saint Grégoire, France;
| | | | | | - Jorke H. Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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76
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Martínez R, Navarro-Martín L, van Antro M, Fuertes I, Casado M, Barata C, Piña B. Changes in lipid profiles induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in zebrafish eleutheroembryos during the yolk sac absorption stage. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125704. [PMID: 31887487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA; 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol) has been shown to act as an obesogen and to disrupt lipid metabolism in zebrafish eleutheroembryos (ZE). To characterize the consequences of this disruption, we performed a detailed lipidomic study using ZE exposed to different BPA concentrations (0, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L of BPA) from day 2 to up to day 6 post fertilization (dpf). Total lipids at 4, 5 and 6 dpf were extracted by Folch method and analyzed by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) as wide-range preliminary screening. Selected conditions (0 and 6 mg/L of BPA) were used to obtain a high-quality lipid profile using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOFMS). BPA exposed ZE exhibited increased amounts of triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG), phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylinositols (PI), regarding the control group. Analysis of time- and BPA exposure-related patterns of specific lipid species showed a clear influence of unsaturation degree (mostly in DG and PC) and/or fatty acid chain length (mostly in TG and PC derivatives) on their response to the presence of BPA. A decreased yolk-sac and energy consumption in exposed individuals appeared as the main reason for the observed BPA-driven effects. Integration of these results with previous morphological, biochemical, transcriptomic, metabolomic and behavioral data suggests a disruption of different signalling pathways by BPA that starts at very low BPA concentrations, whose effects propagate across different organization levels, and that cannot be only explained by the relatively weak estrogenic effect of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, 08007, Spain.
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Morgane van Antro
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, University of Namur, Namur, B5000, Belgium.
| | - Inmaculada Fuertes
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Marta Casado
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
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77
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Suyama K, Kaneko S, Kesamaru H, Liu X, Matsushima A, Kakuta Y, Okubo T, Kasatani K, Nose T. Evaluation of the Influence of Halogenation on the Binding of Bisphenol A to the Estrogen-Related Receptor γ. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:889-902. [PMID: 32105061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Halogenation of organic compounds is one the most important transformations in chemical synthesis and is used for the production of various industrial products. A variety of halogenated bisphenol analogs have recently been developed and are used as alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA), which is a raw material of polycarbonate that has adverse effects in animals. However, limited information is available on the potential toxicity of the halogenated BPA analogs. In the present study, to assess the latent toxicity of halogenated BPA analogs, we evaluated the binding and transcriptional activities of halogenated BPA analogs to the estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), a nuclear receptor that contributes to the growth of nerves and sexual glands. Fluorinated BPA analogs demonstrated strong ERRγ binding potency, and inverse antagonistic activity, similar to BPA. X-ray crystallography and fragment molecular orbital (FMO) calculation revealed that a fluorine-substituted BPA analog could interact with several amino acid residues of ERRγ-LBD, strengthening the binding affinity of the analogs. The ERRγ binding affinity and transcriptional activity of the halogenated BPAs decreased with the increase in the size and number of halogen atom(s). The IC50 values, determined by the competitive binding assay, correlated well with the binding energy obtained from the docking calculation, suggesting that the docking calculation could correctly estimate the ERRγ binding potency of the BPA analogs. These results confirmed that ERRγ has a ligand binding pocket that fits very well to BPA. Furthermore, this study showed that the binding affinity of the BPA analogs can be predicted by the docking calculation, indicating the importance of the calculation method in the risk assessment of halogenated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Suyama
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kesamaru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ayami Matsushima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kakuta
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takashi Okubo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kasatani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeru Nose
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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78
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Cambien G, Venisse N, Migeot V, Rabouan S, Belmouaz M, Binson G, Albouy-Llaty M, Ayraud-Thevenot S, Dupuis A. Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and its chlorinated derivatives in human plasma: Development, validation and application of a UHPLC-MS/MS method. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125236. [PMID: 31896187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known ubiquitous chemical found in polycarbonate, polysulfone and epoxy resins, used in mass production for many consumer products. BPA exhibits endocrine disruptor properties that can potentially induce adverse health effects. In aquatic environments, it can react with chlorine to produce chlorinated derivatives (ClxBPAs). ClxBPAs exhibit oestrogenic activity 10 to 105 times higher than BPA itself. Assessing human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals is mandatory to assess health risk. Blood, as well as urine matrix, are commonly used to perform human biomonitoring. We therefore developed, fully validated and applied a method based on Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography couples to a Triple Quad Mass Spectrometer to determine BPA, monochlorobisphenol A (MCBPA), dichlorobisphenol A (DCBPA), trichlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) and tetrachlorobisphenol A (TTCBPA) in human blood plasma. The European Medicines Agency guidelines for bioanalytical method validation have been applied. Precision and trueness of the method were <15% at medium and high levels of quality control and <20% at the limits of quantification (LOQs). The LOQs were settled at 0.1 ng/mL for BPA, 0.02 ng/mL for TTCBPA and 0.005 ng/mL for MCBPA, DCBPA, and TCBPA. The analytical method was applied to ten patients suffering from end stage renal disease. BPA was quantified in all ten patients while MCBPA, DCBPA and TTCBPA were determined in three and TCBPA in four. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a highly sensitive method to determine BPA and ClxBPAs in human plasma. Thanks to this method, for the first time, we could demonstrate ClxBPAs occurrence in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Cambien
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de La Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France.
| | - Nicolas Venisse
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de La Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France.
| | - Virginie Migeot
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de La Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France.
| | - Sylvie Rabouan
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France.
| | - Mohamed Belmouaz
- Digestiv, Urology, Nephrology, Endocrinology Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de La Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France.
| | - Guillaume Binson
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de La Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France.
| | - Marion Albouy-Llaty
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de La Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France.
| | - Sarah Ayraud-Thevenot
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de La Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France.
| | - Antoine Dupuis
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de La Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers CEDEX, France; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France.
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79
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Egusquiza RJ, Blumberg B. Environmental Obesogens and Their Impact on Susceptibility to Obesity: New Mechanisms and Chemicals. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa024. [PMID: 32067051 PMCID: PMC7060764 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has reached an all-time high, and this increase is observed worldwide. There is a growing need to understand all the factors that contribute to obesity to effectively treat and prevent it and associated comorbidities. The obesogen hypothesis proposes that there are chemicals in our environment termed obesogens that can affect individual susceptibility to obesity and thus help explain the recent large increases in obesity. This review discusses current advances in our understanding of how obesogens act to affect health and obesity susceptibility. Newly discovered obesogens and potential obesogens are discussed, together with future directions for research that may help to reduce the impact of these pervasive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riann Jenay Egusquiza
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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80
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González-Casanova JE, Pertuz-Cruz SL, Caicedo-Ortega NH, Rojas-Gomez DM. Adipogenesis Regulation and Endocrine Disruptors: Emerging Insights in Obesity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7453786. [PMID: 32149131 PMCID: PMC7049431 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7453786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are defined as environmental pollutants capable of interfering with the functioning of the hormonal system. They are environmentally distributed as synthetic fertilizers, electronic waste, and several food additives that are part of the food chain. They can be considered as obesogenic compounds since they have the capacity to influence cellular events related to adipose tissue, altering lipid metabolism and adipogenesis processes. This review will present the latest scientific evidence of different EDs such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, "nonpersistent" phenolic compounds, triclosan, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and smoke-derived compounds (benzo -alpha-pyrene) and their influence on the differentiation processes towards adipocytes in both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Liliana Pertuz-Cruz
- Programa de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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81
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Wang Z, Chen J, Hong H. Applicability Domains Enhance Application of PPARγ Agonist Classifiers Trained by Drug-like Compounds to Environmental Chemicals. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1382-1388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States
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82
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Ullah A, Pirzada M, Jahan S, Ullah H, Razak S, Rauf N, Khan MJ, Mahboob SZ. Prenatal BPA and its analogs BPB, BPF, and BPS exposure and reproductive axis function in the male offspring of Sprague Dawley rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 38:1344-1365. [PMID: 31514588 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119862335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research in the past has indicated associated long-term and low levels of exposure of bisphenol A (BPA) in early life and neuroendocrine disorders, such as obesity, precocious puberty, diabetes, and hypertension. BPA and its analogs bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) have been reported to have similar or even more toxic effect as compared to BPA. Exposure of rats to BPA and its analogs BPB, BPF, and BPS resulted in decreased sperm production, testosterone secretion, and histological changes in the reproductive tissues of male rats. In the present study, BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS were administered in drinking water at concentrations of (5, 25, and 50 μg/L) from pregnancy day (PD) 1 to PD 21. Body weight (BW), hormonal concentrations, antioxidant enzymes, and histological changes were determined in the reproductive tissues. BPA and its analogs prenatal exposure to female rats induced significant statistical difference in the antioxidant enzymes, plasma testosterone, and estrogen concentrations in the male offspring when compared with the control. Histological parameters of both testis and epididymis revealed prominent changes in the reproductive tissues. The present study suggests that BPA and its analogs BPB, BPF, and BPS different concentrations led to marked alterations in the development of the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ullah
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Pirzada
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H Ullah
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Razak
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - N Rauf
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M J Khan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Z Mahboob
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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83
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Crawford KA, Clark BW, Heiger-Bernays WJ, Karchner SI, Hahn ME, Nacci DE, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin disrupts fin development in Fundulus heteroclitus from both PCB-sensitive and resistant populations: Investigations of potential interactions between AHR and PPARγ. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 218:105334. [PMID: 31743820 PMCID: PMC6935467 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants that are highly toxic to fish and co-occur in New Bedford Harbor (NBH), an estuarine Superfund site located in Massachusetts, USA. Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) that reside in NBH (and other highly contaminated sites along the east coast of the United States) have developed resistance to activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway and the toxicity of dioxin-like chemicals, such as 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, PCB126. In many biological systems, TBT disregulates adipose and bone development via the PPARγ-RXR pathway; AHR activation also disrupts adipose and bone homeostasis, potentially through molecular crosstalk between AHR and PPARγ. However, little is known about how co-exposure and the interaction of these pathways modulate the toxicological effects of these contaminants. Here, we tested the hypotheses that TBT would induce teratogenesis in killifish via activation of PPARγ and that PCB126 co-exposure would suppress PPARγ pathway activation in PCB-sensitive killifish from a reference site (Scorton Creek, SC, PCB-sensitive) but not in PCB-tolerant NBH killifish. Killifish embryos from both populations exposed to TBT (50 and 100 nM) displayed caudal fin deformities. TBT did not change the expression of pparg or its target genes related to adipogenesis (fabp11a and fabp1b) in either population. However, expression of osx/sp7, an osteoblast marker gene, and col2a1b, a chondroblast marker gene, was significantly suppressed by TBT only in SC killifish. An RXR-specific agonist, but not a PPARγ-specific agonist, induced caudal fin deformities like those observed in TBT-treated embryos. PCB126 did not induce caudal fin deformities and did not exacerbate TBT-induced fin deformities. Further, PCB126 increased expression of pparg in SC embryos and not NBH embryos, but did not change the expression of fabp1b. Taken together, these results suggest that in killifish embryos the PPARγ pathway is regulated in part by AHR, but is minimally active at least in this early life stage. In killifish, RXR activation, rather than PPARγ activation, appears to be the mechanism by which TBT induces caudal fin teratogenicity, which is not modulated by AHR responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Crawford
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - B W Clark
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - W J Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - S I Karchner
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - M E Hahn
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - D E Nacci
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - J J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA.
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84
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Chernis N, Masschelin P, Cox AR, Hartig SM. Bisphenol AF promotes inflammation in human white adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C63-C72. [PMID: 31596606 PMCID: PMC6985838 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00175.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals interact with transcription factors essential for adipocyte differentiation. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals corresponds with elevated risks of obesity, but the effects of these compounds on human cells remain largely undefined. Widespread use of bisphenol AF (BPAF) as a bisphenol A (BPA) alternative in the plastics industry presents unknown health risks. To this end, we discovered that BPAF interferes with the metabolic function of mature human adipocytes. Although 4-day exposures to BPAF accelerated adipocyte differentiation, we observed no effect on mature fat cell marker genes. Additional gene and protein expression analysis showed that BPAF treatment during human adipocyte differentiation failed to suppress the proinflammatory transcription factor STAT1. Microscopy and respirometry experiments demonstrated that BPAF impaired mitochondrial function and structure. To test the hypothesis that BPAF fosters vulnerabilities to STAT1 activation, we treated mature adipocytes previously exposed to BPAF with interferon-γ (IFNγ). BPAF increased IFNγ activation of STAT1 and exposed mitochondrial vulnerabilities that disrupt adipocyte lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Collectively, our data establish that BPAF activates inflammatory signaling pathways that degrade metabolic activity in human adipocytes. These findings suggest how the BPA alternative BPAF contributes to metabolic changes that correspond with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Chernis
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Masschelin
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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85
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Kim JJ, Kumar S, Kumar V, Lee YM, Kim YS, Kumar V. Bisphenols as a Legacy Pollutant, and Their Effects on Organ Vulnerability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:E112. [PMID: 31877889 PMCID: PMC6982222 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenols are widely used in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and thermal paper, which are used in manufacturing items of daily use. Packaged foods and drinks are the main sources of exposure to bisphenols. These chemicals affect humans and animals by disrupting the estrogen, androgen, progesterone, thyroid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor functions. Bisphenols exert numerous harmful effects because of their interaction with receptors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell signal alterations. Both cohort and case-control studies have determined an association between bisphenol exposure and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, reproductive abnormalities, obesity, and diabetes. Prenatal exposure to bisphenols results in developmental disorders in animals. These chemicals also affect the immune cells and play a significant role in initiating the inflammatory response. Exposure to bisphenols exhibit age, gender, and dose-dependent effects. Even at low concentrations, bisphenols exert toxicity, and hence deserve a critical assessment of their uses. Since bisphenols have a global influence on human health, the need to discover the underlying pathways involved in all disease conditions is essential. Furthermore, it is important to promote the use of alternatives for bisphenols, thereby restricting their uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Joo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea; (J.-J.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh 758307, Vietnam;
| | - Yun-Mi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea; (J.-J.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - You-Sam Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea; (J.-J.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea; (J.-J.K.); (Y.-M.L.); (Y.-S.K.)
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86
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Sharma S, Ahmad S, Afjal MA, Habib H, Parvez S, Raisuddin S. Dichotomy of bisphenol A-induced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in hepatic and testicular tissues in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124264. [PMID: 31319301 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and dietary exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and its toxicological consequences are extensively reported. BPA has multiple cellular targets. One of the mechanisms of action of BPA involves interaction with and activation of nuclear receptors (NRs) including peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors (PPARs). PPARs regulate genes involved in adipogenesis, and metabolism of glucose, lipid and cholesterol. Study of tissue and dose specific PPAR expression may decipher the toxicity outcome of BPA exposure. We studied expression of three forms of PPARs in mouse liver and testes exposed to BPA for 14 days. mRNA and protein expression of all forms of PPAR increased linearly (monotonic) with the dose in the liver while non-monotonic but dose specific effects were observed in the testes showing a differential pattern of expression. However, histopathological study showed a dose-dependent pattern of changes in liver as well as testes demonstrating a monotonic effect. These findings imply that other PPAR-independent mechanisms may play a role in BPA-induced pathological changes. The present study warrants exploration of the role of PPARs in BPA-induced effects on male reproductive functions and offers an insight into the peculiar response of BPA at low subchronic levels which may be helpful in designing appropriate risk assessment framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Sharma
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Amir Afjal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Haroon Habib
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
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87
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Sun Z, Yang X, Liu QS, Li C, Zhou Q, Fiedler H, Liao C, Zhang J, Jiang G. Butylated hydroxyanisole isomers induce distinct adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120794. [PMID: 31238218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) isomers, as the widely used anthropogenic antioxidants in food, have been revealed to induce endocrine disrupting effects, while the mechanism how BHA isomers regulate the lipogenic differentiation remains to be elucidated. Using 3T3-L1 differentiation model, the effects of BHA isomers, including 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (2-BHA), 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (3-BHA) and their mixture (BHA), on adipogenesis were tested. The results showed that 3-BHA and BHA promoted adipocyte differentiation and enhanced the cellular lipid accumulation through the regulation of the transcriptional and protein levels of the adipogenetic biomarkers, while 2-BHA had no effect. The effective window for 3-BHA induced lipogenesis was the first four days during 3T3-L1 differentiation. BHA isomers showed no binding affinities for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Instead, the upstream of PPARγ signaling pathway, i.e. the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), upregulation of CAAT/enhancer-binding proteins β (C/EBPβ) and elevated cell proliferation during postconfluent mitosis stage were induced by 3-BHA exposure. Altogether, this study revealed the adipogenic effect of 3-BHA through interference with the upstream events of the PPARγ signaling pathway. The authorized usage of BHA as food additives and its occurrence in human sera can potentially contribute to the incidence of obesity, which is of high concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Heidelore Fiedler
- Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; UN Environment (UNEP), Chemicals Branch, CH-1219 Châtelaine GE, Switzerland
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Department of POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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88
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Barbosa MAG, Capela R, Rodolfo J, Fonseca E, Montes R, André A, Capitão A, Carvalho AP, Quintana JB, Castro LFC, Santos MM. Linking chemical exposure to lipid homeostasis: A municipal waste water treatment plant influent is obesogenic for zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109406. [PMID: 31288122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a risk factor for the development of type-2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hepatic steatosis and some cancers, has been ranked in the top 10 health risk in the world by the World Health Organization. Despite the growing body of literature evidencing an association between the obesity epidemic and specific chemical exposure across a wide range of animal taxa, very few studies assessed the effects of chemical mixtures and environmental samples on lipid homeostasis. Additionally, the mode of action of several chemicals reported to alter lipid homeostasis is still poorly understood. Aiming to fill some of these gaps, we combined an in vivo assay with the model species zebrafish (Danio rerio) to screen lipid accumulation and evaluate expression changes of key genes involved in lipid homeostasis, alongside with an in vitro transactivation assay using human and zebrafish nuclear receptors, retinoid X receptor α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Zebrafish larvae were exposed from 4 th day post-fertilization until the end of the experiment (day 18), to six different treatments: experimental control, solvent control, tributyltin at 100 ng/L Sn and 200 ng/L Sn (positive control), and wastewater treatment plant influent at 1.25% and 2.5%. Exposure to tributyltin and to 2.5% influent led to a significant accumulation of lipids, with white adipose tissue deposits concentrating in the perivisceral area. The highest in vitro tested influent concentration (10%) was able to significantly transactivate the human heterodimer PPARγ/RXRα, thus suggesting the presence in the influent of HsPPARγ/RXRα agonists. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of complex environmental samples from a municipal waste water treatment plant influent to induce lipid accumulation in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Audrey Gomes Barbosa
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Capela
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Rodolfo
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elza Fonseca
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana André
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Capitão
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - António Paulo Carvalho
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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89
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Park SY, Choi EM, Suh KS, Kim HS, Chin SO, Rhee SY, Kim DY, Oh S, Chon S. Tetrabromobisphenol A Promotes the Osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 Cells Induced by Receptor Activator of NF-kappa B Ligand In Vitro. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e267. [PMID: 31650720 PMCID: PMC6813422 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), one of the most widely used brominated flame-retardants, is a representative persistent organic pollutants group. Studies on TBBPA toxicity have been conducted using various target cells; however, few studies have investigated TBBPA toxicity in bone cells. Therefore, this study investigated the in vitro effects of TBBPA on osteoclasts, a cell type involved in bone metabolism. METHODS RAW264.7 cells were cultured in medium containing 50 ng/mL receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and varying concentrations of TBBPA. To evaluate the effects of TBBPA on the differentiation and function of osteoclasts, osteoclast-specific gene expression, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, bone resorbing activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial superoxide were measured. RESULTS The presence of 20 μ TBBPA significantly increased TRAP activity in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, the bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts, and the gene expression of Akt2, nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1, and chloride channel voltage-sensitive 7. However, TBBPA treatment caused no change in the expression of carbonic anhydrase II, cathepsin K, osteopetrosis-associated transmembrane protein 1, Src, extracellular signal-related kinase, GAB2, c-Fos, or matrix metalloproteinase 9. Furthermore, 20 μ TBBPA caused a significant decrease in MMP and a significant increase in mitochondrial superoxide production. CONCLUSION This study suggests that TBBPA promotes osteoclast differentiation and activity. The mechanism of TBBPA-stimulated osteoclastogenesis might include increased expression of several genes involved in osteoclast differentiation and reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Park
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deog Yoon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjoon Oh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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90
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Sargis RM, Simmons RA. Environmental neglect: endocrine disruptors as underappreciated but potentially modifiable diabetes risk factors. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1811-1822. [PMID: 31451869 PMCID: PMC7462102 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes prevalence is increasing dramatically across the globe, imposing a tremendous toll on individuals and healthcare systems. Reversing these trends requires comprehensive approaches to address both classical and emerging diabetes risk factors. Recently, environmental toxicants acting as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have emerged as novel metabolic disease risk factors. EDCs implicated in diabetes pathogenesis include various inorganic and organic molecules of both natural and synthetic origin, including arsenic, bisphenol A, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides. Indeed, evidence implicates EDC exposures across the lifespan in metabolic dysfunction; moreover, specific developmental windows exhibit enhanced sensitivity to EDC-induced metabolic disruption, with potential impacts across generations. Importantly, differential exposures to diabetogenic EDCs likely also contribute to racial/ethnic and economic disparities. Despite these emerging links, clinical practice guidelines fail to address this underappreciated diabetes risk factor. Comprehensive approaches to stem the tide of diabetes must include efforts to address its environmental drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Suite E625; M/C 640, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- ChicAgo Center for Health and EnvironmenT (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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91
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Andújar N, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Zafra-Gómez A, Rodrigo L, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Aguilera M, Monteagudo C, Rivas AA. Bisphenol A Analogues in Food and Their Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092136. [PMID: 31500194 PMCID: PMC6769843 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most well-known compound from the bisphenol family. As BPA has recently come under pressure, it is being replaced by compounds very similar in structure, but data on the occurrence of these BPA analogues in food and human matrices are limited. The main objective of this work was to investigate human exposure to BPA and analogues and the associated health effects. We performed a literature review of the available research made in humans, in in vivo and in vitro tests. The findings support the idea that exposure to BPA analogues may have an impact on human health, especially in terms of obesity and other adverse health effects in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Andújar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Jesús Álvarez-Cubero
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology III, University of Granada, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- GENYO, Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Celia Monteagudo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - And Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18016 Granada, Spain
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92
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Hu C, Schöttker B, Venisse N, Limousi F, Saulnier PJ, Albouy-Llaty M, Dupuis A, Brenner H, Migeot V, Hadjadj S. Bisphenol A, Chlorinated Derivatives of Bisphenol A and Occurrence of Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Nested Case-Control Studies in Two European Cohorts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9876-9883. [PMID: 31310111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A positive association between Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and coronary heart disease has been shown, but not in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). During the treatment of drinking water, chlorination leads to the formation of chlorinated derivatives of Bisphenol A (ClxBPA), that have higher estrogenic activity than BPA. No evidence exists for a relationship between exposure to ClxBPA and myocardial infarction in patients with T2D. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between exposure to BPA, ClxBPA and the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with T2D. Two nested case-control studies in two independent European cohorts were performed. Each case with incident MI during follow-up was matched to one control on age, sex, and personal cardiovascular history in the same cohort. Association between baseline urine concentrations of BPA and of ClxBPA and incident MI was determined. Exposure to BPA was 31% in the ESTHER cohort and 18% in the SURDIAGENE cohort. In a meta-analysis of the two studies, occurrence of MI was significantly associated with urine BPA detection: adjusted OR = 1.97 (1.05-3.70), p = 0.04. Exposure to ClxBPA significantly differed in the SURDIAGENE and ESTHER studies: 24% and 8%, respectively (p = 0.0003). It was very strongly associated with MI in the SURDIAGENE cohort with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 14.15 (2.77-72.40) but this association was not replicated in the ESTHER study: adjusted OR: 0.17 (0.02-1.23). Whether these results may be explained by different water chlorination processes in France and Germany, resulting in different ClxBPA exposure levels, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Hu
- CHU Poitiers , Department of Public Health , F-86021 Poitiers , France
- Université de Poitiers , School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Poitiers , F-86073 Poitiers , France
- INSERM CIC 1402 , CHU Poitiers , F-86021 Poitiers , France
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Division of Preventive Oncology , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Network Aging Research , D-69115 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Nicolas Venisse
- INSERM CIC 1402 , CHU Poitiers , F-86021 Poitiers , France
- CHU Poitiers , Department of Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics , F-86021 Poitiers , France
| | - Frédérike Limousi
- CHU Poitiers , Department of Public Health , F-86021 Poitiers , France
- Université de Poitiers , School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Poitiers , F-86073 Poitiers , France
- INSERM CIC 1402 , CHU Poitiers , F-86021 Poitiers , France
| | - Pierre Jean Saulnier
- Université de Poitiers , School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Poitiers , F-86073 Poitiers , France
- INSERM CIC 1402 , CHU Poitiers , F-86021 Poitiers , France
| | - Marion Albouy-Llaty
- CHU Poitiers , Department of Public Health , F-86021 Poitiers , France
- Université de Poitiers , School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Poitiers , F-86073 Poitiers , France
- INSERM CIC 1402 , CHU Poitiers , F-86021 Poitiers , France
| | - Antoine Dupuis
- Université de Poitiers , School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Poitiers , F-86073 Poitiers , France
- INSERM CIC 1402 , CHU Poitiers , F-86021 Poitiers , France
- CHU Poitiers , Department of Pharmacy , F-86021 Poitiers , France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Division of Preventive Oncology , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Network Aging Research , D-69115 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Virginie Migeot
- CHU Poitiers , Department of Public Health , F-86021 Poitiers , France
- Université de Poitiers , School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Poitiers , F-86073 Poitiers , France
- INSERM CIC 1402 , CHU Poitiers , F-86021 Poitiers , France
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- Université de Poitiers , School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Poitiers , F-86073 Poitiers , France
- INSERM CIC 1402 , CHU Poitiers , F-86021 Poitiers , France
- CHU Poitiers , Department of Endocrinology , F-86021 Poitiers , France
- L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS , Univ Nantes, CHU Nantes , F-44093 Nantes , France
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93
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Balaguer P, Delfosse V, Bourguet W. Mechanisms of endocrine disruption through nuclear receptors and related pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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94
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Wen Q, Xie X, Zhao C, Ren Q, Zhang X, Wei D, Emanuelli B, Du Y. The brominated flame retardant PBDE 99 promotes adipogenesis via regulating mitotic clonal expansion and PPARγ expression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:67-77. [PMID: 30903904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
"Obesogens" have been widely accepted as chemicals that promote obesity, and there are many environmental pollutants that were functionally identified as obesogens. PBDE 99 is one of the most abundant PBDE congeners detected in human. However, its obesogenic effects are poorly understood. Here, we explore the in vitro effects of PBDE 99 on adipogenesis, which is a key process in obesogenesis. We observed an increase in adipogenesis when differentiating cells were exposed to PBDE 99. Further, the promoting effects of PBDE 99 on adipogenesis were most efficient during the first 4 days of 3T3-L1 differentiation. Consistent with this, early transcriptional factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins β (C/EBPβ) was upregulated at Days 1 and 2 during differentiation, which is accompanied with the acceleration of mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) and the upregulation of terminal transcriptional factors C/EBPα and PPARγ2 from Day 2 or Day 4. Additionally, bisulfite genomic sequencing analysis revealed that PBDE 99 decreased methylation status of the CpG sites at PPARγ promoter region. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PBDE 99 may be a potential environmental obesogen by promoting adipogenesis through facilitating MCE progression at early differentiation stage and upregulating key adipogenic factor PPARγ2 expression both in direct transcriptional and epigenetic regulation dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qidong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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95
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Hoepner LA. Bisphenol a: A narrative review of prenatal exposure effects on adipogenesis and childhood obesity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:54-68. [PMID: 30897403 PMCID: PMC10637253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is significant evidence of globally ubiquitous prenatal exposures to bisphenol A (BPA). Childhood obesity as an epidemic has been a global concern for over a decade. Experimental models and epidemiological evidence suggest that BPA may act as an obesogen during adipogenesis. Results from stem cell models and birth cohort studies support the developmental origins of health and disease theory. While literature reviews have presented a variety of potential mechanisms of BPA action during adipogenesis, there remains no consensus. This review is the first to explore the proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mechanism in detail. This review will also examine the obesogenic effect of prenatal exposure to BPA during critical windows of vulnerability. Although vast experimental literature exists, there is limited epidemiological evidence to support the hypothesis for the obesogenic effect of BPA. The primary goal of this review is to provide researchers with a roadmap of existing research and suggestions for future directions for analyzing the relationship between prenatal BPA exposures and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Downstate Medical Center School of Public Health, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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96
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Venisse N, Cambien G, Robin J, Rouillon S, Nadeau C, Charles T, Rabouan S, Migeot V, Dupuis A. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and its chlorinated derivatives in adipose tissue. Talanta 2019; 204:145-152. [PMID: 31357276 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its chlorinated derivatives (Clx-BPA) are environmental pollutants exhibiting endocrine-disrupting (ED) properties suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast and prostate cancers. Due to their lipophilic properties, they may accumulate in adipose tissue which could therefore be a suitable matrix to assess long-term exposure to these compounds and relationships with the tumorigenesis of these cancers. An LC-MS/MS assay for the determination of BPA and Clx-BPA in adipose tissue samples was developed and fully validated according to current bioanalytical validation guidelines. Ionization was achieved using an electrospray source operating in the negative mode and quantification of target analytes was obtained in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Both standard and quality control (QC) samples were prepared in blank adipose tissue samples. Linearity was demonstrated over the ranges 0.125 to 8.000 and 0.0125-0.8000 ng/mL for BPA and Clx-BPA, respectively. Accuracy and precision were demonstrated over the whole concentration range: intra and inter-day bias values were in the 85-114% range and imprecision of the method did not exceed 14%. Lower limits of quantification were validated using QCs at 0.1250 and 0.0125 ng/mL for BPA and Clx-BPA, respectively. Internal standard-corrected matrix effects were comparable in breast and prostate adipose tissues, demonstrating that this method could be used to reliably assay BPA and Clx-BPA in both tissues. The method was sensitive enough to determine BPA and Clx-BPA in breast adipose tissue obtained from women undergoing breast surgery, enabling identification of different patterns of exposure to these ED chemicals. The method enables the reliable quantification of BPA and Clx-BPA in adipose tissue and could be used to assess long-term exposure to these compounds and potential associations with hormone-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Venisse
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France.
| | - Guillaume Cambien
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Julien Robin
- Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Steeve Rouillon
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Nadeau
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Charles
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Rabouan
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Virginie Migeot
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Dupuis
- INSERM, University Hospital of Poitiers, University of Poitiers, CIC1402, HEDEX Research Group, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Biology-Pharmacy-Public Health Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, TSA 51115, 86073, Poitiers Cedex, France
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97
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Heintz MM, Kumar R, Rutledge MM, Baldwin WS. Cyp2b-null male mice are susceptible to diet-induced obesity and perturbations in lipid homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:125-137. [PMID: 31202118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an endemic problem in the United States and elsewhere, and data indicate that in addition to overconsumption, exposure to specific chemicals enhances obesity. CYP2B metabolizes multiple endo- and xenobiotics, and recent data suggests that repression of Cyp2b activity increases dyslipidemia and age-onset obesity, especially in males. To investigate the role played by Cyp2b in lipid homeostasis and obesity, we treated wildtype and Cyp2b-null mice with a normal (ND) or 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks and determined metabolic and molecular changes. Male HFD-fed Cyp2b-null mice weigh 15% more than HFD-fed wildtype mice, primarily due to an increase in white adipose tissue (WAT); however, Cyp2b-null female mice did not demonstrate greater body mass or WAT. Serum parameters indicate increased ketosis, leptin and cholesterol in HFD-fed Cyp2b-null male mice compared to HFD-fed wildtype mice. Liver triglycerides and liver:serum triglyceride ratios were higher than their similarly treated wildtype counterparts in Cyp2b-null male mice, indicating a role for Cyp2b in fatty acid metabolism regardless of diet. Furthermore, RNAseq demonstrates that hepatic gene expression in ND-fed Cyp2b-null male mice is similar to HFD-fed WT male mice, suggestive of fatty liver disease progression and a role for Cyp2b in lipid homeostasis. Females did not show as demonstrative changes in liver health, and significantly fewer changes in gene expression, as well as gene expression associated with liver disease. Overall our data indicates that the repression or inhibition of CYP2B may exacerbate metabolic disorders and cause obesity by perturbing fatty acid metabolism, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Heintz
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Ramiya Kumar
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | | | - William S Baldwin
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634; Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634.
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98
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Hernández Avila R, Palacios-Arreola MI, Nava-Castro KE, Morales-Montor J, Ostoa-Saloma P. Neonatal Bisphenol A Exposure Affects the IgM Humoral Immune Response to 4T1 Breast Carcinoma Cells in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1784. [PMID: 31137569 PMCID: PMC6571564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor of estrogenic nature. During the early stages of development, any exposure to BPA can have long-term effects. In this work, we study the potential alterations to the humoral antitumor immune (IgM) response in adult life after a single neonatal exposure to BPA. Female syngeneic BALB/c mice were exposed to a single dose of BPA of 250 μg/kg. Once sexual maturity was reached, a breast tumor was induced. After 25 days, the serum was obtained, and the populations of B cells in the spleen and lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The reactivity of IgM was evaluated by 2D immunoblots. No significant changes were found in the B cell populations in the peripheral lymph nodes and the spleen. The level of ERα expression was not significantly different. However, the IgM reactivity was affected. In individuals treated with BPA, a decrease in the number of IgMs that recognize tumor antigens was observed. The possibility that these antibodies are the high affinity products of the adaptive response is discussed. The recognition of IgG was also evaluated but a null recognition was found in the controls as in the individuals treated with the 4T1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Hernández Avila
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, AP 70228, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - Margarita I Palacios-Arreola
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - Karen E Nava-Castro
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, AP 70228, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, AP 70228, Ciudad de Mexico CP 04510, Mexico.
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99
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Edwards L, Watt J, Webster TF, Schlezinger JJ. Assessment of total, ligand-induced peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ ligand activity in serum. Environ Health 2019; 18:45. [PMID: 31072366 PMCID: PMC6506953 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are exposed to a complex mixture of environmental chemicals that impact bone and metabolic health, and traditional exposure assessments struggle to capture these exposure scenarios. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is an essential regulator of metabolic and bone homeostasis, and its inappropriate activation by environmental chemicals can set the stage for adverse health effects. Here, we present the development of the Serum PPARγ Activity Assay (SPAA), a simple and cost-effective method to measure total ligand activity in small volumes of serum. METHODS First, we determined essential components of the bioassay. Cos-7 cells were transfected with combinations of expression vectors for human PPARγ and RXRα, the obligate DNA-binding partner of PPARγ, along with PPRE (DR1)-driven luciferase and control eGFP reporter constructs. Transfected cells were treated with rosiglitazone, a synthetic PPARγ ligand and/or LG100268, a synthetic RXR ligand, to characterize the dose response and determine the simplest and most efficacious format. Following optimization of the bioassay, we assessed the cumulative activation of PPARγ by ligands in serum from mice treated with a PPARγ ligand and commercial human serum samples. RESULTS Cos-7 cells endogenously express sufficient RXR to support efficacious activation of transfected PPARγ. Co-transfection of an RXR expression vector with the PPARγ expression vector did not increase PPRE transcriptional activity induced by rosiglitazone. Treatment with an RXR ligand marginally increased PPRE transcriptional activity in the presence of transfected PPARγ, and co-treatment with an RXR ligand reduced rosiglitazone-induced PPRE transcriptional activity. Therefore, the final bioassay protocol consists of transfecting Cos-7 cells with a PPARγ expression vector along with the reporter vectors, applying rosiglitazone standards and/or 10 μL of serum, and measuring luminescence and fluorescence after a 24 h incubation. Sera from mice dosed with rosiglitazone induced PPRE transcriptional activity in the SPAA in a dose-dependent and PPARγ-dependent manner. Additionally, human serum from commercial sources induced a range of PPRE transcriptional activities in a PPARγ-dependent manner, demonstrating the ability of the bioassay to detect potentially low levels of ligands. CONCLUSIONS The SPAA can reliably measure total PPRE transcriptional activity in small volumes of serum. This system provides a sensitive, straightforward assay that can be reproduced in any cell culture laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lariah Edwards
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - James Watt
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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100
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Routti H, Berg MK, Lille-Langøy R, Øygarden L, Harju M, Dietz R, Sonne C, Goksøyr A. Environmental contaminants modulate the transcriptional activity of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA). Sci Rep 2019; 9:6918. [PMID: 31061404 PMCID: PMC6502799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alfa (PPARA/NR1C1) is a ligand activated nuclear receptor that is a key regulator of lipid metabolism in tissues with high fatty acid catabolism such as the liver. Here, we cloned PPARA from polar bear liver tissue and studied in vitro transactivation of polar bear and human PPARA by environmental contaminants using a luciferase reporter assay. Six hinge and ligand-binding domain amino acids have been substituted in polar bear PPARA compared to human PPARA. Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA) and perfluorosulfonic acids induced the transcriptional activity of both human and polar bear PPARA. The most abundant PFCA in polar bear tissue, perfluorononanoate, increased polar bear PPARA-mediated luciferase activity to a level comparable to that of the potent PPARA agonist WY-14643 (~8-fold, 25 μM). Several brominated flame retardants were weak agonists of human and polar bear PPARA. While single exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls did not, or only slightly, increase the transcriptional activity of PPARA, a technical mixture of PCBs (Aroclor 1254) strongly induced the transcriptional activity of human (~8-fold) and polar bear PPARA (~22-fold). Polar bear PPARA was both quantitatively and qualitatively more susceptible than human PPARA to transactivation by less lipophilic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Routti
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Mari K Berg
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lene Øygarden
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mikael Harju
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
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