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Gutierrez-Larruscain D, Krüger M, Abeyawardana OAJ, Belz C, Dobrev PI, Vaňková R, Eliášová K, Vondráková Z, Juříček M, Štorchová H. The high concentrations of abscisic, jasmonic, and salicylic acids produced under long days do not accelerate flowering in Chenopodium ficifolium 459. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111279. [PMID: 35643618 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The survival and adaptation of angiosperms depends on the proper timing of flowering. The weedy species Chenopodium ficifolium serves as a useful diploid model for comparing the transition to flowering with the important tetraploid crop Chenopodium quinoa due to the close phylogenetic relationship. The detailed transcriptomic and hormonomic study of the floral induction was performed in the short-day accession C. ficifolium 459. The plants grew more rapidly under long days but flowered later than under short days. The high levels of abscisic, jasmonic, and salicylic acids at long days were accompanied by the elevated expression of the genes responding to oxidative stress. The increased concentrations of stress-related phytohormones neither inhibited the plant growth nor accelerated flowering in C. ficifolium 459 at long photoperiods. Enhanced content of cytokinins and the stimulation of cytokinin and gibberellic acid signaling pathways under short days may indicate the possible participation of these phytohormones in floral initiation. The accumulation of auxin metabolites suggests the presence of a dynamic regulatory network in C. ficifolium 459.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gutierrez-Larruscain
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Manuela Krüger
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oushadee A J Abeyawardana
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Claudia Belz
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radomíra Vaňková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Eliášová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Vondráková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Juříček
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Štorchová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ahmad I, Zhu G, Zhou G, Song X, Hussein Ibrahim ME, Ibrahim Salih EG, Hussain S, Younas MU. Pivotal Role of Phytohormones and Their Responsive Genes in Plant Growth and Their Signaling and Transduction Pathway under Salt Stress in Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137339. [PMID: 35806344 PMCID: PMC9266544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of phyto-hormones in plants at relatively low concentrations plays an indispensable role in regulating crop growth and yield. Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting cotton production. It has been reported that exogenous phyto-hormones are involved in various plant defense systems against salt stress. Recently, different studies revealed the pivotal performance of hormones in regulating cotton growth and yield. However, a comprehensive understanding of these exogenous hormones, which regulate cotton growth and yield under salt stress, is lacking. In this review, we focused on new advances in elucidating the roles of exogenous hormones (gibberellin (GA) and salicylic acid (SA)) and their signaling and transduction pathways and the cross-talk between GA and SA in regulating crop growth and development under salt stress. In this review, we not only focused on the role of phyto-hormones but also identified the roles of GA and SA responsive genes to salt stress. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the performance of GA and SA and their responsive genes under salt stress, assisting in the further elucidation of the mechanism that plant hormones use to regulate growth and yield under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (I.A.); (M.E.H.I.); (E.G.I.S.)
| | - Guanglong Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (I.A.); (M.E.H.I.); (E.G.I.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (I.A.); (M.E.H.I.); (E.G.I.S.)
- Key Lab of Crop Genetics & Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xudong Song
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong 226541, China;
| | - Muhi Eldeen Hussein Ibrahim
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (I.A.); (M.E.H.I.); (E.G.I.S.)
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 13311, Sudan
| | - Ebtehal Gabralla Ibrahim Salih
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (I.A.); (M.E.H.I.); (E.G.I.S.)
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Muhammad Usama Younas
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
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Chen P, Yang R, Bartels D, Dong T, Duan H. Roles of Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins in Stem/Root Tuber Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094955. [PMID: 35563355 PMCID: PMC9102914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Root and tuber crops are of great importance. They not only contribute to feeding the population but also provide raw material for medicine and small-scale industries. The yield of the root and tuber crops is subject to the development of stem/root tubers, which involves the initiation, expansion, and maturation of storage organs. The formation of the storage organ is a highly intricate process, regulated by multiple phytohormones. Gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA), as antagonists, are essential regulators during stem/root tuber development. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the roles of GA and ABA during stem/root tuber development in various tuber crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.C.); (R.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Ruixue Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.C.); (R.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Tianyu Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.C.); (R.Y.); (T.D.)
| | - Hongying Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.C.); (R.Y.); (T.D.)
- Correspondence:
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WRKY Gene Family Drives Dormancy Release in Onion Bulbs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071100. [PMID: 35406664 PMCID: PMC8997782 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important bulb crop grown worldwide. Dormancy in bulbous plants is an important physiological state mainly regulated by a complex gene network that determines a stop of vegetative growth during unfavorable seasons. Limited knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that regulate dormancy in onion were available until now. Here, a comparison between uninfected and onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV)-infected onion bulbs highlighted an altered dormancy in the virus-infected plants, causing several symptoms, such as leaf striping, growth reduction, early bulb sprouting and rooting, as well as a lower abscisic acid (ABA) level at the start of dormancy. Furthermore, by comparing three dormancy stages, almost five thousand four hundred (5390) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in uninfected bulbs, while the number of DEGs was significantly reduced (1322) in OYDV-infected bulbs. Genes involved in cell wall modification, proteolysis, and hormone signaling, such as ABA, gibberellins (GAs), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and brassinosteroids (BRs), that have already been reported as key dormancy-related pathways, were the most enriched ones in the healthy plants. Interestingly, several transcription factors (TFs) were up-regulated in the uninfected bulbs, among them three genes belonging to the WRKY family, for the first time characterized in onion, were identified during dormancy release. The involvement of specific WRKY genes in breaking dormancy in onion was confirmed by GO enrichment and network analysis, highlighting a correlation between AcWRKY32 and genes driving plant development, cell wall modification, and division via gibberellin and auxin homeostasis, two key processes in dormancy release. Overall, we present, for the first time, a detailed molecular analysis of the dormancy process, a description of the WRKY-TF family in onion, providing a better understanding of the role played by AcWRKY32 in the bulb dormancy release. The TF co-expressed genes may represent targets for controlling the early sprouting in onion, laying the foundations for novel breeding programs to improve shelf life and reduce postharvest.
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Panda D, Mohanty S, Das S, Sah RP, Kumar A, Behera L, Baig MJ, Tripathy BC. The role of phytochrome-mediated gibberellic acid signaling in the modulation of seed germination under low light stress in rice ( O. sativa L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:585-605. [PMID: 35465204 PMCID: PMC8986944 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seed germination plays cardinal roles in seedling establishment and their successive growth. However, seed germination is retarded by far-red (FR) enrichment under low light stress, and the inhibitory signalling mechanism remains ambiguous. Our results indicated that low light treatment, both in the open and growth chamber conditions, inhibits rice seed germination by decreasing the gibberellin (GA) contents. To explore the mechanism of GA-deficiency under low light stress, differential expression profiling of GA-anabolic, -catabolic, ABA -anabolic, -catabolic, and SLR1 was investigated, revealing that expression of ABA- anabolic, GA-catabolic genes and SLR1 was upregulated with a simultaneous downregulation of ABA-catabolic and GA-anabolic genes under low light treatment. These results suggested that FR-induced GA inadequacy is resulted by upregulation of SLR1 and GA-catabolism genes consequently increase DELLA that further subsided GA-responses in the germinating rice seeds. Moreover, we provided evidence that FR-induced GA inadequacy demotes rice seed germination by decreasing amylase activity, eventually decreasing the carbohydrate solubilization in the germinating seeds. Finally, we suggest that under low light stress, due to a retarded conversion of phytochrome A to their bioactive form, the ABA-catabolic genes were eventually upregulated with a simultaneous downregulation of GA-anabolic genes. Consequently, a lower GA pool fails to leverage the GA-dependent DELLA degradation, further shutting down the expected GA responses that reduce germination efficiency under FR-enriched light. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01167-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Panda
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - Soumya Mohanty
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - Swagatika Das
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | | | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
| | - Lambodar Behera
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha India
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Othibeng K, Nephali L, Myoli A, Buthelezi N, Jonker W, Huyser J, Tugizimana F. Metabolic Circuits in Sap Extracts Reflect the Effects of a Microbial Biostimulant on Maize Metabolism under Drought Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040510. [PMID: 35214843 PMCID: PMC8877938 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of microbial biostimulants in the agricultural sector is increasingly gaining momentum and drawing scientific attention to decode the molecular interactions between the biostimulants and plants. Although these biostimulants have been shown to improve plant health and development, the underlying molecular phenomenology remains enigmatic. Thus, this study is a metabolomics work to unravel metabolic circuits in sap extracts from maize plants treated with a microbial biostimulant, under normal and drought conditions. The biostimulant, which was a consortium of different Bacilli strains, was applied at the planting stage, followed by drought stress application. The maize sap extracts were collected at 5 weeks after emergence, and the extracted metabolites were analyzed on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platforms. The acquired data were mined using chemometrics and bioinformatics tools. The results showed that under both well-watered and drought stress conditions, the application of the biostimulant led to differential changes in the profiles of amino acids, hormones, TCA intermediates, phenolics, steviol glycosides and oxylipins. These metabolic changes spanned several biological pathways and involved a high correlation of the biochemical as well as structural metabolic relationships that coordinate the maize metabolism. The hypothetical model, postulated from this study, describes metabolic events induced by the microbial biostimulant for growth promotion and enhanced defences. Such understanding of biostimulant-induced changes in maize sap pinpoints to the biochemistry and molecular mechanisms that govern the biostimulant-plant interactions, which contribute to ongoing efforts to generate actionable knowledge of the molecular and physiological mechanisms that define modes of action of biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgalaletso Othibeng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (K.O.); (L.N.); (A.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Lerato Nephali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (K.O.); (L.N.); (A.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Akhona Myoli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (K.O.); (L.N.); (A.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Nombuso Buthelezi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (K.O.); (L.N.); (A.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Willem Jonker
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Johannesburg 2021, South Africa; (W.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Johan Huyser
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Johannesburg 2021, South Africa; (W.J.); (J.H.)
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (K.O.); (L.N.); (A.M.); (N.B.)
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Johannesburg 2021, South Africa; (W.J.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +27-011-559-7784
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Li BW, Gao S, Yang ZM, Song JB. The F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase AtSDR is involved in salt and drought stress responses in Arabidopsis. Gene 2022; 809:146011. [PMID: 34655724 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
F-box protein genes have been shown to play vital roles in plant development and stress respones. In Arabidopsis, there are more than 600 F-box proteins, and most of their functions are unclear. The present study shows that the F-box (SKP1-Cullin/CDC53-F-box) gene At5g15710 (Salt and Drought Responsiveness, SDR) is involved in abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis. SDR is expressed in all tissues of Arabidopsis and is upregulated by salt and heat stresses and ABA treatment but downregulated by drought stress. Subcellular localization analysis shows that the SDR protein colocalizes with the nucleus. 35S:AntiSDR plants are hypersensitive to salt stress, but 35S:SDR plants display a salt-tolerant phenotype. Furthermore, 35S:SDR plants are hypersensitive to drought stress, while 35S:AntiSDR plants are significantly more drought tolerant. Overall, our results suggest that SDR is involved in salt and drought stress responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou 213003 , PR China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Zhi Min Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jian Bo Song
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
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58
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Differences in Environmental and Hormonal Regulation of Growth Responses in Two Highly Productive Hybrid Populus Genotypes. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, in response to adverse conditions, determines plant productivity and survival. The aim of this study was to test if two highly productive Populus genotypes, characterised by different in vitro etiolation patterns, differ also in their responses to hormones gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA), and to a GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PBZ). The experiments on shoot cultures of ‘Hybrida 275′ (abbr. H275; Populus maximowiczii × P. trichocarpa) and IBL 91/78 (Populus tremula × P. alba) were conducted by either modulating the physical in vitro environment or by adding specific chemicals to the nutrient medium. Our results revealed two main sets of differences between the studied genotypes in environmental and hormonal regulation of growth responses. First, the genotype H275 responded to darkness with PBZ-inhibitable shoot elongation; in contrast, the elongation of IBL 91/78 shoots was not affected either by darkness or PBZ treatment. Secondly, the explants of H275 were unable to recover their growth if it was inhibited with ABA; in contrast, those of IBL 91/78 recovered so well after the temporal inhibition by ABA that, when rooted subsequently, they developed longer shoots and roots than without a previous ABA treatment. Our results indicate that GA catabolism and repressive signalling provide an important pathway to control growth and physiological adaptation in response to immediate or impending adverse conditions. These observations can help breeders define robust criteria for identifying genotypes with high resistance and productivity and highlight where genotypes exhibit susceptibility to stress.
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Nizam A, Meera SP, Kumar A. Genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying mangrove adaptations to intertidal environments. iScience 2022; 25:103547. [PMID: 34988398 PMCID: PMC8693430 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangroves are halophytic plants belonging to diverse angiosperm families that are adapted to highly stressful intertidal zones between land and sea. They are special, unique, and one of the most productive ecosystems that play enormous ecological roles and provide a large number of benefits to the coastal communities. To thrive under highly stressful conditions, mangroves have innovated several key morphological, anatomical, and physio-biochemical adaptations. The evolution of the unique adaptive modifications might have resulted from a host of genetic and molecular changes and to date we know little about the nature of these genetic and molecular changes. Although slow, new information has accumulated over the last few decades on the genetic and molecular regulation of the mangrove adaptations, a comprehensive review on it is not yet available. This review provides up-to-date consolidated information on the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular regulation of mangrove adaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashifa Nizam
- Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Suraj Prasannakumari Meera
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Kannur University, Palayad, Kerala 670661, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
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Ali F, Qanmber G, Li F, Wang Z. Updated role of ABA in seed maturation, dormancy, and germination. J Adv Res 2022; 35:199-214. [PMID: 35003801 PMCID: PMC8721241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional ABA biosynthesis genes show specific roles for ABA accumulation at different stages of seed development and seedling establishment. De novo ABA biosynthesis during embryogenesis is required for late seed development, maturation, and induction of primary dormancy. ABA plays multiple roles with the key LAFL hub to regulate various downstream signaling genes in seed and seedling development. Key ABA signaling genes ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5 play important multiple functions with various cofactors during seed development such as de-greening, desiccation tolerance, maturation, dormancy, and seed vigor. The crosstalk between ABA and other phytohormones are complicated and important for seed development and seedling establishment.
Background Seed is vital for plant survival and dispersion, however, its development and germination are influenced by various internal and external factors. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the most important phytohormones that influence seed development and germination. Until now, impressive progresses in ABA metabolism and signaling pathways during seed development and germination have been achieved. At the molecular level, ABA biosynthesis, degradation, and signaling genes were identified to play important roles in seed development and germination. Additionally, the crosstalk between ABA and other hormones such as gibberellins (GA), ethylene (ET), Brassinolide (BR), and auxin also play critical roles. Although these studies explored some actions and mechanisms by which ABA-related factors regulate seed morphogenesis, dormancy, and germination, the complete network of ABA in seed traits is still unclear. Aim of review Presently, seed faces challenges in survival and viability. Due to the vital positive roles in dormancy induction and maintenance, as well as a vibrant negative role in the seed germination of ABA, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of various ABA regulators that are involved in seed dormancy and germination with the updated knowledge and draw a better network for the underlying mechanisms of the ABA, which would advance the understanding and artificial modification of the seed vigor and longevity regulation. Key scientific concept of review Here, we review functions and mechanisms of ABA in different seed development stages and seed germination, discuss the current progresses especially on the crosstalk between ABA and other hormones and signaling molecules, address novel points and key challenges (e.g., exploring more regulators, more cofactors involved in the crosstalk between ABA and other phytohormones, and visualization of active ABA in the plant), and outline future perspectives for ABA regulating seed associated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Ali
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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Lu HP, Wang JJ, Wang MJ, Liu JX. Roles of plant hormones in thermomorphogenesis. STRESS BIOLOGY 2021; 1:20. [PMID: 37676335 PMCID: PMC10441977 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has great impacts on plant growth and development, as well as ecological distribution. Plants constantly perceive environmental temperatures and adjust their growth and development programs accordingly to cope with the environment under non-lethal warm temperature conditions. Plant hormones are endogenous bioactive chemicals that play central roles in plant growth, developmental, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we summarize the important roles of plant hormones, including auxin, brassinosteroids (BRs), Gibberellins (GAs), ethylene (ET), and jasmonates (JAs), in regulating plant growth under warm temperature conditions. This provides a picture on how plants sense and transduce the warm temperature signals to regulate downstream gene expression for controlling plant growth under warm temperature conditions via hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mei-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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ain-Ali QU, Mushtaq N, Amir R, Gul A, Tahir M, Munir F. Genome-wide promoter analysis, homology modeling and protein interaction network of Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) gene family in Solanum tuberosum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261215. [PMID: 34914734 PMCID: PMC8675703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) regulates the expression of numerous stress-responsive genes, and hence plays a pivotal role in abiotic stress responses and tolerance in plants. The study aimed to develop a complete overview of the cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) present in S. tuberosum DREB gene promoters. A total of one hundred and four (104) cis-regulatory elements (CREs) were identified from 2.5kbp upstream of the start codon (ATG). The in-silico promoter analysis revealed variable sets of cis-elements and functional diversity with the predominance of light-responsive (30%), development-related (20%), abiotic stress-responsive (14%), and hormone-responsive (12%) elements in StDREBs. Among them, two light-responsive elements (Box-4 and G-box) were predicted in 64 and 61 StDREB genes, respectively. Two development-related motifs (AAGAA-motif and as-1) were abundant in StDREB gene promoters. Most of the DREB genes contained one or more Myeloblastosis (MYB) and Myelocytometosis (MYC) elements associated with abiotic stress responses. Hormone-responsive element i.e. ABRE was found in 59 out of 66 StDREB genes, which implied their role in dehydration and salinity stress. Moreover, six proteins were chosen corresponding to A1-A6 StDREB subgroups for secondary structure analysis and three-dimensional protein modeling followed by model validation through PROCHECK server by Ramachandran Plot. The predicted models demonstrated >90% of the residues in the favorable region, which further ensured their reliability. The present study also anticipated pocket binding sites and disordered regions (DRs) to gain insights into the structural flexibility and functional annotation of StDREB proteins. The protein association network determined the interaction of six selected StDREB proteins with potato proteins encoded by other gene families such as MYB and NAC, suggesting their similar functional roles in biological and molecular pathways. Overall, our results provide fundamental information for future functional analysis to understand the precise molecular mechanisms of the DREB gene family in S. tuberosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurat-ul ain-Ali
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Mushtaq
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Amir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Munir
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wang L, Chandrasekaran U, Luo X, Wei S, Shu K. Parental Shading Regulates Subsequent Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748760. [PMID: 34819940 PMCID: PMC8606882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Mishra P, Mishra J, Arora NK. Plant growth promoting bacteria for combating salinity stress in plants - Recent developments and prospects: A review. Microbiol Res 2021; 252:126861. [PMID: 34521049 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity has emerged as a great threat to the agricultural ecosystems throughout the globe. Many continents of the globe are affected by salinity and crop productivity is severely affected. Anthropogenic activities leading to the degradation of agricultural land have also accelerated the rate of salinization in arid and semi-arid regions. Several approaches are being evaluated for remediating saline soil and restoring their productivity. Amongst these, utilization of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) has been marked as a promising tool. This greener approach is suitable for simultaneous reclamation of saline soil and improving the productivity. Salt-tolerant PGPB utilize numerous mechanisms that affect physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses in plants to cope with salt stress. These mechanisms include osmotic adjustment by ion homeostasis and osmolyte accumulation, protection from free radicals by the formation of free radicals scavenging enzymes, oxidative stress responses and maintenance of growth parameters by the synthesis of phytohormones and other metabolites. As salt-tolerant PGPB elicit better plant survival under salinity, they are the potential candidates for enhancing agricultural productivity. The present review focuses on the various mechanisms used by PGPB to improve plant health under salinity. Recent developments and prospects to facilitate better understanding on the functioning of PGPB for ameliorating salt stress in plants are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, 226025, India.
| | - Jitendra Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, 226025, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, 226025, India.
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Yu Y, Yu J, Wang Q, Wang J, Zhao G, Wu H, Zhu Y, Chu C, Fang J. Overexpression of the rice ORANGE gene OsOR negatively regulates carotenoid accumulation, leads to higher tiller numbers and decreases stress tolerance in Nipponbare rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110962. [PMID: 34315587 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ORANGE (OR) gene has been reported to regulate chromoplast differentiation and enhance carotenoid biosynthesis in many dicotyledonous plants. However, the function of the OR gene in monocotyledons, especially rice, is poorly known. Here, the OR gene from rice, OsOR, was isolated and characterized by generating overexpressing and genome editing mutant lines. The OsOR-overexpressing plants exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes, such as alternating transverse green and white sectors on leaves at the early tillering stage, that were due to changes in thylakoid development and reduced carotenoid content. In addition, the number of tillers significantly increased in OsOR-overexpressing plants but decreased in osor mutant lines, a result similar to that previously reported for the carotenoid isomerase mutant mit3. The expression of the DWARF3 and DWARF53 genes that are involved in the strigolactone signalling pathway were similarly downregulated in OsOR-overexpressing plants but upregulated in osor mutants. Moreover, the OsOR-overexpressing plants exhibited greater sensitivity to salt and cold stress, and had lower total chlorophyll and higher MDA contents. All results suggest that the OsOR gene plays an important role not only in carotenoid accumulation but also in tiller number regulation and in responses to environmental stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China; Quality and Safety Institute of Agriculture Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guangxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Li X, Zhong M, Qu L, Yang J, Liu X, Zhao Q, Liu X, Zhao X. AtMYB32 regulates the ABA response by targeting ABI3, ABI4 and ABI5 and the drought response by targeting CBF4 in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110983. [PMID: 34315599 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana R2R3-MYB transcription factor AtMYB32 and its homologs AtMYB4 and AtMYB7 play crucial roles in the regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism. In addition, AtMYB4 and AtMYB7 are involved in the response to abiotic stress. However, the function of AtMYB32 remains unclear. In this study, we found that AtMYB32 is induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and repressed by drought stress. AtMYB32 positively regulates ABA-mediated seed germination and early seedling development. The expression of ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3), ABI4 and ABI5, which encode key positive regulators of ABA signaling, was upregulated in response to ABA in AtMYB32-overexpressing plants and downregulated in the atmyb32-1 mutant. In addition, we found that the atmyb32-1 mutant was drought resistant. Consistent with the drought-resistant phenotype, the transcript levels of C-repeat binding factor 4 (CBF4) were higher in the atmyb32-1 mutant in response to drought stress. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that AtMYB32 binds directly to the ABI3, ABI4, ABI5 and CBF4 promoters both in vitro and in vivo. Genetically, ABI4 was found to be epistatic to AtMYB32 for ABA-induced inhibition of seed germination and early seedling development. Taken together, our findings revealed that AtMYB32 regulates the ABA response by directly promoting ABI3, ABI4 and ABI5 expression and that the drought stress response likely occurs because of repression of CBF4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Lina Qu
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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Abstract
Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) has become a global concern and has resulted from the intensification of industrial activities. This has created a serious environmental issue; therefore, there is a need to find solutions, including application of efficient remediation technologies or improvement of current techniques. Rhizoremediation is a green technology that has received global attention as a cost-effective and possibly efficient remediation technique for PHC-polluted soil. Rhizoremediation refers to the use of plants and their associated microbiota to clean up contaminated soils, where plant roots stimulate soil microbes to mineralize organic contaminants to H2O and CO2. However, this multipartite interaction is complicated because many biotic and abiotic factors can influence microbial processes in the soil, making the efficiency of rhizoremediation unpredictable. This review reports the current knowledge of rhizoremediation approaches that can accelerate the remediation of PHC-contaminated soil. Recent approaches discussed in this review include (1) selecting plants with desired characteristics suitable for rhizoremediation; (2) exploiting and manipulating the plant microbiome by using inoculants containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or hydrocarbon-degrading microbes, or a combination of both types of organisms; (3) enhancing the understanding of how the host–plant assembles a beneficial microbiome, and how it functions, under pollutant stress. A better understanding of plant–microbiome interactions could lead to successful use of rhizoremediation for PHC-contaminated soil in the future.
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Li X, Sun S, Guo S, Hu X. Identifying the Phytotoxicity and Defense Mechanisms Associated with Graphene-Based Nanomaterials by Integrating Multiomics and Regular Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9938-9948. [PMID: 34232619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) has attracted global attention in various fields, and understanding defense mechanisms against the phytotoxicity of GBNs is crucial for assessing their environmental risks and safe-by-design. However, the related information is lacking, especially for edible vegetable crops. In the present study, GBNs (0.25, 2.5, and 25 mg/kg plant fresh weight) were injected into the stems of pepper plants. The results showed that the plant defense was regulated by reducing the calcium content by 21.7-48.3%, intercellular CO2 concentration by 12.0-35.2%, transpiration rate by 8.7-40.2%, and stomatal conductance by 16.9-50.5%. The defense pathways of plants in response to stress were further verified by the downregulation of endocytosis and transmembrane transport proteins, leading to a decrease in the nanomaterial uptake. The phytohormone gibberellin and abscisic acid receptor PYL8 were upregulated, indicating the activation of defense systems. However, reduced graphene oxide and graphene oxide quantum dots trigger stronger oxidative stress (e.g., H2O2 and malondialdehyde) than graphene oxide in fruits due to the breakdown of antioxidant defense systems (e.g., cytochrome P450 86A22 and P450 77A1). Both nontargeted proteomics and metabolomics consistently demonstrated that the downregulation of carbohydrate and upregulation of amino acid metabolism were the main mechanisms underlying the phytotoxicity and defense mechanisms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Kongdin M, Mahong B, Lee SK, Shim SH, Jeon JS, Ketudat Cairns JR. Action of Multiple Rice β-Glucosidases on Abscisic Acid Glucose Ester. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7593. [PMID: 34299210 PMCID: PMC8303963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of phytohormones with glucose is a means of modulating their activities, which can be rapidly reversed by the action of β-glucosidases. Evaluation of previously characterized recombinant rice β-glucosidases found that nearly all could hydrolyze abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE). Os4BGlu12 and Os4BGlu13, which are known to act on other phytohormones, had the highest activity. We expressed Os4BGlu12, Os4BGlu13 and other members of a highly similar rice chromosome 4 gene cluster (Os4BGlu9, Os4BGlu10 and Os4BGlu11) in transgenic Arabidopsis. Extracts of transgenic lines expressing each of the five genes had higher β-glucosidase activities on ABA-GE and gibberellin A4 glucose ester (GA4-GE). The β-glucosidase expression lines exhibited longer root and shoot lengths than control plants in response to salt and drought stress. Fusions of each of these proteins with green fluorescent protein localized near the plasma membrane and in the apoplast in tobacco leaf epithelial cells. The action of these extracellular β-glucosidases on multiple phytohormones suggests they may modulate the interactions between these phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manatchanok Kongdin
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Bancha Mahong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (B.M.); (S.-K.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
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Schumacher C, Thümecke S, Schilling F, Köhl K, Kopka J, Sprenger H, Hincha DK, Walther D, Seddig S, Peters R, Zuther E, Haas M, Horn R. Genome-Wide Approach to Identify Quantitative Trait Loci for Drought Tolerance in Tetraploid Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116123. [PMID: 34200118 PMCID: PMC8201130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought represents a major abiotic stress factor negatively affecting growth, yield and tuber quality of potatoes. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses were performed in cultivated potatoes for drought tolerance index DRYM (deviation of relative starch yield from the experimental median), tuber starch content, tuber starch yield, tuber fresh weight, selected transcripts and metabolites under control and drought stress conditions. Eight genomic regions of major interest for drought tolerance were identified, three representing standalone DRYM QTL. Candidate genes, e.g., from signaling pathways for ethylene, abscisic acid and brassinosteroids, and genes encoding cell wall remodeling enzymes were identified within DRYM QTL. Co-localizations of DRYM QTL and QTL for tuber starch content, tuber starch yield and tuber fresh weight with underlying genes of the carbohydrate metabolism were observed. Overlaps of DRYM QTL with metabolite QTL for ribitol or galactinol may indicate trade-offs between starch and compatible solute biosynthesis. Expression QTL confirmed the drought stress relevance of selected transcripts by overlaps with DRYM QTL. Bulked segregant analyses combined with next-generation sequencing (BSAseq) were used to identify mutations in genes under the DRYM QTL on linkage group 3. Future analyses of identified genes for drought tolerance will give a better insight into drought tolerance in potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schumacher
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.S.); (S.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Susanne Thümecke
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.S.); (S.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Florian Schilling
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.S.); (S.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Karin Köhl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Dirk Karl Hincha
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Sylvia Seddig
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, 18190 Sanitz, Germany;
| | - Rolf Peters
- Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen, Dethlingen 14, 29633 Munster, Germany;
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Manuela Haas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (K.K.); (J.K.); (H.S.); (D.K.H.); (D.W.); (E.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Renate Horn
- Department of Plant Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (C.S.); (S.T.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms of Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins Functions in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116080. [PMID: 34199940 PMCID: PMC8200236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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In Arabidopsis thaliana Cd differentially impacts on hormone genetic pathways in the methylation defective ddc mutant compared to wild type. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10965. [PMID: 34040101 PMCID: PMC8154917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in modulating plant growth plasticity in response to stress, but mechanisms involved in such control need further investigation. We used drm1 drm2 cmt3 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, defective in DNA methylation, to explore metabolic pathways downstream epigenetic modulation under cadmium (Cd) stress. To this aim, a transcriptomic analysis was performed on ddc and WT plants exposed to a long-lasting (21 d) Cd treatment (25/50 µM), focusing on hormone genetic pathways. Growth parameters and hormones amount were also estimated. Transcriptomic data and hormone quantification showed that, under prolonged Cd treatment, level and signalling of growth-sustaining hormones (auxins, CKs, GAs) were enhanced and/or maintained, while a decrease was detected for stress-related hormones (JA, ABA, SA), likely as a strategy to avoid the side effects of their long-lasting activation. Such picture was more effective in ddc than WT, already at 25 µM Cd, in line with its better growth performance. A tight relationship between methylation status and the modulation of hormone genetic pathways under Cd stress was assessed. We propose that the higher genome plasticity conferred to ddc by DNA hypomethylated status underlies its prompt response to modulate hormones genetic pathways and activity and assure a flexible growth.
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Zhu K, Sun Q, Chen H, Mei X, Lu S, Ye J, Chai L, Xu Q, Deng X. Ethylene activation of carotenoid biosynthesis by a novel transcription factor CsERF061. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3137-3154. [PMID: 33543285 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chromoplast-specific lycopene β-cyclase (LCYb2) is a critical carotenogenic enzyme, which controls the massive accumulation of downstream carotenoids, especially provitamin A carotenoids, in citrus. Its regulatory metabolism is largely unknown. Here, we identified a group I ethylene response factor, CsERF061, in citrus by yeast one-hybrid screen with the promoter of LCYb2. The expression of CsERF061 was induced by ethylene. Transcript and protein levels of CsERF061 were increased during fruit development and coloration. CsERF061 is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator, which directly binds to the promoter of LCYb2 and activates its expression. Overexpression of CsERF061 in citrus calli and tomato fruits enhanced carotenoid accumulation by increasing the expression of key carotenoid pathway genes, and increased the number of chromoplasts needed to sequester the elevated concentrations of carotenoids, which was accompanied by changes in the concentrations of abscisic acid and gibberellin. Electrophoretic mobility shift and dual-luciferase assays verified that CsERF061 activates the promoters of nine other key carotenoid pathway genes, PSY1, PDS, CRTISO, LCYb1, BCH, ZEP, NCED3, CCD1, and CCD4, revealing the multitargeted regulation of CsERF061. Collectively, our findings decipher a novel regulatory network of carotenoid enhancement by CsERF061, induced by ethylene, which will be useful for manipulating carotenoid accumulation in citrus and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuehan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Chai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of MOE (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Linden KJ, Hsia MM, Chen YT, Callis J. The Arabidopsis thaliana E3 Ubiquitin Ligase BRIZ Functions in Abscisic Acid Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641849. [PMID: 33796126 PMCID: PMC8008127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin system is essential for multiple hormone signaling pathways in plants. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana E3 ligase BRIZ, a heteromeric ligase that consists minimally of BRIZ1 and BRIZ2 proteins, functions in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling or response. briz1 and briz2 homozygous mutants either fail to germinate or emerge later than wild-type seedlings, with little cotyledon expansion or root elongation and no visible greening. Viability staining indicates that briz1 and briz2 embryos are alive but growth-arrested. Germination of briz mutants is improved by addition of the carotenoid biosynthetic inhibitor fluridone or gibberellic acid (GA3), and briz mutants have improved development in backgrounds deficient in ABA synthesis (gin1-3/aba2) or signaling (abi5-7). Endogenous ABA is not higher in briz2 seeds compared to wild-type seeds, and exogenous ABA does not affect BRIZ mRNAs in imbibed seeds. These results indicate that briz embryos are hypersensitive to ABA and that under normal growth conditions, BRIZ acts to suppress ABA signaling or response. ABA signaling and sugar signaling are linked, and we found that briz1 and briz2 mutants excised from seed coats are hypersensitive to sucrose. Although briz single mutants do not grow to maturity, we were able to generate mature briz2-3 abi5-7 double mutant plants that produced seeds. These seeds are more sensitive to exogenous sugar and are larger than seeds from sibling abi5-7 BRIZ2/briz2-3 plants, suggesting that BRIZ has a parental effect on seed development. From these data, we propose a model in which the BRIZ E3 ligase suppresses ABA responses during seed maturation and germination and early seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J. Linden
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Integrated Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mon Mandy Hsia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yi-Tze Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Judy Callis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Integrated Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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75
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Fatiukha A, Deblieck M, Klymiuk V, Merchuk-Ovnat L, Peleg Z, Ordon F, Fahima T, Korol A, Saranga Y, Krugman T. Genomic Architecture of Phenotypic Plasticity in Response to Water Stress in Tetraploid Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041723. [PMID: 33572141 PMCID: PMC7915520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is one of the main mechanisms of adaptation to abiotic stresses via changes in critical developmental stages. Altering flowering phenology is a key evolutionary strategy of plant adaptation to abiotic stresses, to achieve the maximum possible reproduction. The current study is the first to apply the linear regression residuals as drought plasticity scores while considering the variation in flowering phenology and traits under non-stress conditions. We characterized the genomic architecture of 17 complex traits and their drought plasticity scores for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, using a mapping population derived from a cross between durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and wild emmer wheat (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides). We identified 79 QTLs affected observed traits and their plasticity scores, of which 33 reflected plasticity in response to water stress and exhibited epistatic interactions and/or pleiotropy between the observed and plasticity traits. Vrn-B3 (TaTF1) residing within an interval of a major drought-escape QTL was proposed as a candidate gene. The favorable alleles for most of the plasticity QTLs were contributed by wild emmer wheat, demonstrating its high potential for wheat improvement. Our study presents a new approach for the quantification of plant adaptation to various stresses and provides new insights into the genetic basis of wheat complex traits under water-deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Fatiukha
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (A.F.); (V.K.); (T.F.); (A.K.)
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Mathieu Deblieck
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany; (M.D.); (F.O.)
| | - Valentyna Klymiuk
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (A.F.); (V.K.); (T.F.); (A.K.)
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Lianne Merchuk-Ovnat
- R. H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (L.M.-O.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zvi Peleg
- R. H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (L.M.-O.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
| | - Frank Ordon
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany; (M.D.); (F.O.)
| | - Tzion Fahima
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (A.F.); (V.K.); (T.F.); (A.K.)
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Abraham Korol
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (A.F.); (V.K.); (T.F.); (A.K.)
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Saranga
- R. H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (L.M.-O.); (Z.P.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tamar Krugman
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (A.F.); (V.K.); (T.F.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-04-8240783
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76
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Osnato M, Cereijo U, Sala J, Matías-Hernández L, Aguilar-Jaramillo AE, Rodríguez-Goberna MR, Riechmann JL, Rodríguez-Concepción M, Pelaz S. The floral repressors TEMPRANILLO1 and 2 modulate salt tolerance by regulating hormonal components and photo-protection in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:7-21. [PMID: 33111454 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the plant specific RAV family of transcription factors regulate several developmental and physiological processes. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the RAV TEMPRANILLO 1 (TEM1) and TEM2 control important phase changes such as the juvenile to adult and the vegetative to reproductive transitions. Besides their known regulatory function in plant development, a transcriptomics analysis of transgenic plants overexpressing TEM1 also revealed overrepresentation of Gene Ontology (GO) categories related to abiotic stress responses. Therefore, to investigate the biological relevance of these TEM-dependent transcriptomic changes and elucidate whether TEMs contribute to the modulation of plant growth in response to salinity, we analyzed the behavior of TEM gain and loss of function mutants subjected to mild and high salt stresses at different development stages. With respect to increasing salinity, TEM overexpressing plants were hypersensitive whereas the tem1 tem2 double mutants were more tolerant. Precisely, tem1 tem2 mutants germinated and flowered faster than the wild-type plants under salt stress conditions. Also, tem1 tem2 plants showed a delay in salt-induced leaf senescence, possibly as a consequence of downregulation of jasmonic acid biosynthesis genes. Besides a shorter life cycle and delayed senescence, tem1 tem2 mutants appeared to be better suited to withstand oxidative stress as they accumulated higher levels of α-tocopherol (an important antioxidant metabolite) and displayed a slower degradation of photosynthetic pigments. Taken together, our studies suggest novel and crucial roles for TEM in adaptive growth as they modulate plant development in response to environmental changes such as increasing soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Osnato
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Unai Cereijo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Jan Sala
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Luis Matías-Hernández
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Andrea E Aguilar-Jaramillo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Riechmann
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | | | - Soraya Pelaz
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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77
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Hassan MJ, Geng W, Zeng W, Raza MA, Khan I, Iqbal MZ, Peng Y, Zhu Y, Li Z. Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate Priming Ameliorates Seed Germination via Involvement in Hormonal Changes, Osmotic Adjustment, and Dehydrins Accumulation in White Clover Under Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709187. [PMID: 34394164 PMCID: PMC8358406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a serious outcome of climate change reducing the productivity of forage species under arid and semi-arid conditions worldwide. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), a novel plant growth regulator, has proven to be involved in the amelioration of critical physiological functions in many agricultural crops under various abiotic stresses, but the role of the DA-6 in improving seed germination has never been investigated under drought stress. The present study was carried out to elucidate the impact of the DA-6 priming on seeds germination of white clover under drought stress. Results showed that seed priming with the DA-6 significantly mitigated the drought-induced reduction in germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index, seed vigor index, root length, shoot length, and fresh weight after 7 days of seed germination. The DA-6 significantly increased the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin, and cytokinin content with marked reduction in abscisic acid content in seedlings under drought stress. In addition, the DA-6 significantly accelerated starch catabolism by enhancing the activities of hydrolases contributing toward enhanced soluble sugars, proline content and ameliorated the antioxidant defense system to enhance the ability of reactive oxygen species scavenging under drought stress. Furthermore, exogenous DA-6 application significantly increased dehydrins accumulation and upregulated transcript levels of genes encoding dehydrins (SK2, Y2SK, or DHNb) during seeds germination under water deficient condition. These findings suggested that the DA-6 mediated seeds germination and drought tolerance associated with changes in endogenous phytohormones resulting in increased starch degradation, osmotic adjustment, antioxidants activity, and dehydrins accumulation during seed germination under water deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan Geng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihang Zeng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Zafar Iqbal
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqun Zhu
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqun Zhu,
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Zhou Li,
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78
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Wang Q, Wang L, Chandrasekaran U, Luo X, Zheng C, Shu K. ABA Biosynthesis and Signaling Cascades Under Hypoxia Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661228. [PMID: 34249032 PMCID: PMC8264288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Umashankar Chandrasekaran
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Shu
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79
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Qian J, Zhang X, Yan Y, Wang N, Ge W, Zhou Q, Yang Y. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of abscisic acid-mediated drought-stress alleviation in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:211-218. [PMID: 33120112 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), a fruit tree of great economic and nutritional importance, is sensitive to drought stress, which largely affects its transplantation survival rate, fruit yield and quality. Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment can reduce the drought-induced adverse impacts on plants. However, our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms behind ABA-mediated drought tolerance in pomegranates is still limited. In this study, we treated the pomegranates under drought stress with exogenous ABA of different concentrations (30, 60 and 90 μM) and found that, compared to those without treatment, ABA can improve pomegranate's growth condition and related physiological responding processes. We also performed comparative transcriptome analysis between the ABA-treated and untreated pomegranates to reveal the ABA-induced mechanisms in response to drought-stress. Our results showed that exogenous ABA application substantially enhanced pomegranate drought resistance by strengthening some metabolic pathways, such as brassinosteroid synthesis, peroxisome biogenesis, photosynthesis and hemicelluloses synthesis. Furthermore, the over-dose treatment of exogenous ABA was found to trigger ABA degradation process and a feedback loop in pomegranate to balances the ABA accumulation that exceeds the optimal ABA requirement, at the cost of suppressed growth process and stress resistance. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular regulation mechanisms underlying the ABA-mediated drought-stress resistance in pomegranates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, China
| | - Xueping Zhang
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, China
| | - Yan Yan
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Huaiyuan China-Israel Agro-Tech Co., Ltd., Bengbu, Anhui, 233400, China
| | - Weiqiang Ge
- Huaiyuan China-Israel Agro-Tech Co., Ltd., Bengbu, Anhui, 233400, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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80
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Okazawa A, Wakabayashi T, Muranaka T, Sugimoto Y, Ohta D. The effect of nojirimycin on the transcriptome of germinating Orobanche minor seeds. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2020; 45:230-237. [PMID: 33304192 PMCID: PMC7691558 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d20-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Orobanchaceae root parasitic weeds cause serious agricultural damage worldwide. Although numerous studies have been conducted to establish an effective control strategy for the growth and spread of root parasitic weeds, no practical method has been developed so far. Previously, metabolomic analyses were conducted on germinating seeds of a broomrape, Orobanche minor, to find novel targets for its selective control. Interestingly, planteose metabolism was identified as a possible target, and nojirimycin (NJ) selectively inhibited the germination of O. minor by intercepting planteose metabolism, although its precise mode of action was unclear. Here, transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq was conducted to obtain molecular insight into the effects of NJ on germinating O. minor seeds. Differential gene expression analysis results suggest that NJ alters sugar metabolism and/or signaling, which is required to promote seed germination. This finding will contribute to understanding the effect of NJ and establishing a novel strategy for parasitic weed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okazawa
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Takatoshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kobe University
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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81
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Oleńska E, Małek W, Wójcik M, Swiecicka I, Thijs S, Vangronsveld J. Beneficial features of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for improving plant growth and health in challenging conditions: A methodical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140682. [PMID: 32758827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
New eco-friendly approaches are required to improve plant biomass production. Beneficial plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria may be exploited as excellent and efficient biotechnological tools to improve plant growth in various - including stressful - environments. We present an overview of bacterial mechanisms which contribute to plant health, growth, and development. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can interact with plants directly by increasing the availability of essential nutrients (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus, iron), production and regulation of compounds involved in plant growth (e.g. phytohormones), and stress hormonal status (e.g. ethylene levels by ACC-deaminase). They can also indirectly affect plants by protecting them against diseases via competition with pathogens for highly limited nutrients, biocontrol of pathogens through production of aseptic-activity compounds, synthesis of fungal cell wall lysing enzymes, and induction of systemic responses in host plants. The potential of PGPR to facilitate plant growth is of fundamental importance, especially in case of abiotic stress, where bacteria can support plant fitness, stress tolerance, and/or even assist in remediation of pollutants. Providing additional evidence and better understanding of bacterial traits underlying plant growth-promotion can inspire and stir up the development of innovative solutions exploiting PGPR in times of highly variable environmental and climatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleńska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Wanda Małek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Swiecicka
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, B-3590, Belgium.
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, B-3590, Belgium.
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82
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Shohat H, Illouz-Eliaz N, Kanno Y, Seo M, Weiss D. The Tomato DELLA Protein PROCERA Promotes Abscisic Acid Responses in Guard Cells by Upregulating an Abscisic Acid Transporter. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:518-528. [PMID: 32576645 PMCID: PMC7479916 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants reduce transpiration through stomatal closure to avoid drought stress. While abscisic acid (ABA) has a central role in the regulation of stomatal closure under water-deficit conditions, we demonstrated in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) that a gibberellin response inhibitor, the DELLA protein PROCERA (PRO), promotes ABA-induced stomatal closure and gene transcription in guard cells. To study how PRO affects stomatal closure, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis of isolated guard cells and identified the ABA transporters ABA-IMPORTING TRANSPORTER1 1 (AIT1 1) and AIT1 2, also called NITRATE TRANSPORTER1/PTR TRANSPORTER FAMILY4 6 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), as being upregulated by PRO. Tomato has four AIT1 genes, but only AIT1 1 and AIT1 2 were upregulated by PRO, and only AIT1 1 exhibited high expression in guard cells. Functional analysis of AIT1 1 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) confirmed its activity as an ABA transporter, possibly an importer. A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9-derived ait1 1 mutant exhibited an increased transpiration, a larger stomatal aperture, and a reduced stomatal response to ABA. Moreover, ait1 1 suppressed the promoting effects of PRO on ABA-induced stomatal closure and gene expression in guard cells, suggesting that the effects of PRO on stomatal aperture and transpiration are AIT1.1-dependent. Previous studies suggest a negative crosstalk between gibberellin and ABA that is mediated by changes in hormone biosynthesis and signaling. The results of this study suggest this crosstalk is also mediated by changes in hormone transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Shohat
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Natanella Illouz-Eliaz
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yuri Kanno
- Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- Dormancy and Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - David Weiss
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Iftikhar A, Rizwan M, Adrees M, Ali S, Ur Rehman MZ, Qayyum MF, Hussain A. Effect of gibberellic acid on growth, biomass, and antioxidant defense system of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under cerium oxide nanoparticle stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:33809-33820. [PMID: 32535824 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently nanoparticles (NPs) are ubiquitous in the environment because they have unique characteristics which are the reason of their wide use in various fields. The release of NPs into various environmental compartments mainly ends up in the soil through water bodies which is a serious threat to living things especially plants. When present in soil, NPs may cause toxicity in plants which increase significance to minimize NPs stress in plants. Although gibberellic acid (GA) is one of the phytohormones that has the potential to alleviate abiotic/biotic stresses in crops plant, GA-mediated alleviation of cerium oxide (CeO2) NPs in plants is still unknown, despite the large-scale application of CeO2-NPs in various fields. The present study was performed to highlight the ability of foliar-applied GA in reducing CeO2-NPs toxicity in wheat under soil exposure of CeO2-NPs. We observed that CeO2-NPs alone adversely affected the dry weights, chlorophyll contents, and nutrients and caused oxidative stress in plants, thereby reducing plant yield. GA coupled with CeO2-NPs reversed the changes caused by CeO2-NPs alone as indicated by the increase in plant growth, chlorophylls, nutrients, and yield. Furthermore, GA alleviated the oxidative stress in plants by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities under CeO2-NPs exposure than the NPs alone which further provided the evidence of reduction in oxidative damage in plants by GA. Overall, evaluating the potential of GA in reducing CeO2-NPs toxicity in wheat could provide important information for improving food safety under CeO2-NPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azka Iftikhar
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Department of the Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Yang Y, Zheng C, Chandrasekaran U, Yu L, Liu C, Pu T, Wang X, Du J, Liu J, Yang F, Yong T, Yang W, Liu W, Shu K. Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of the GmDOG1-Like Family in Soybean and Investigation of Their Expression in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080937. [PMID: 32722147 PMCID: PMC7465105 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination is one of the most important stages during plant life cycle, and DOG1 (Delay of germination1) plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed dormancy and germination. In this study, we have identified the DOG1-Like (DOG1L) family in soybean (Glycine max), a staple oil crop worldwide, and investigated their chromosomal distribution, structure and expression patterns. The results showed that the GmDOG1L family is composed of 40 members, which can be divided into six subgroups, according to their evolutionary relationship with other known DOG1-Like genes. These GmDOG1Ls are distributed on 18 of 20 chromosomes in the soybean genome and the number of exons for all the 40 GmDOG1Ls varied greatly. Members of the different subgroups possess a similar motif structure composition. qRT-PCR assay showed that the expression patterns of different GmDOG1Ls were significantly altered in various tissues, and some GmDOG1Ls expressed primarily in soybean seeds. Gibberellic acid (GA) remarkably inhibited the expression of most of GmDOG1Ls, whereas Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibited some of the GmDOG1Ls expression while promoting others. It is speculated that some GmDOG1Ls regulate seed dormancy and germination by directly or indirectly relating to ABA and GA pathways, with complex interaction networks. This study provides an important theoretical basis for further investigation about the regulatory roles of GmDOG1L family on soybean seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzeng Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
| | | | - Liang Yu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Tian Pu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Junbo Du
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Jiang Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Feng Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.S.)
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85
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Bai Y, Xiao S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Sun H, Zhang K, Wang X, Bai Z, Li C, Liu L. Melatonin improves the germination rate of cotton seeds under drought stress by opening pores in the seed coat. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9450. [PMID: 32704446 PMCID: PMC7346864 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The germination of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seeds is affected by drought stress; however, little is known about the physiological mechanism affecting germination and the effect of melatonin (MT) on cotton seed germination under drought stress. Therefore, we studied the effects of exogenous MT on the antioxidant capacity and epidermal microstructure of cotton under drought stress. The results demonstrated a retarded water absorption capacity of testa under drought stress, significantly inhibiting germination and growth in cotton seeds. Drought stress led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and osmoregulatory substances (e.g., proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugars); it also decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and α-amylase. Drought stress inhibited gibberellin acid (GA3) synthesis and increased abscisic acid (ABA) content, seriously affecting seed germination. However, seeds pre-soaked with MT (100 µM) showed a positive regulation in the number and opening of stomata in cotton testa. The exogenous application of MT increased the germination rate, germination potential, radical length, and fresh weight, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and α-amylase. In addition, MT application increased the contents of organic osmotic substances by decreasing the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2 -), and MDA levels under drought stress. Further analysis demonstrated that seeds pre-soaked with MT alleviated drought stress by affecting the ABA and GA3 contents. Our findings show that MT plays a positive role in protecting cotton seeds from drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Bai
- College of Agronomy, HeBei Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei Province, China, Baoding, China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- College of Agronomy, HeBei Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei Province, China, Baoding, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- College of Agronomy, HeBei Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei Province, China, Baoding, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- College of Agronomy, HeBei Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei Province, China, Baoding, China
| | - Hongchun Sun
- College of Agronomy, HeBei Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei Province, China, Baoding, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Agronomy, HeBei Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei Province, China, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhiying Bai
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, China
| | - Cundong Li
- College of Agronomy, HeBei Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei Province, China, Baoding, China
| | - Liantao Liu
- College of Agronomy, HeBei Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/ Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei Province, China, Baoding, China
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86
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C Machin
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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87
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Ben Saad R, Ben Romdhane W, Mihoubi W, Ben Hsouna A, Brini F. A Lobularia maritima LmSAP protein modulates gibberellic acid homeostasis via its A20 domain under abiotic stress conditions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233420. [PMID: 32428039 PMCID: PMC7237032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) are favorable targets to improve stress tolerance in plants, owing to their roles in developmental processes and stress responses. However, the role of SAPs and the molecular mechanisms by which they regulate plant stress responses remain poorly understood. Previously, it was reported that LmSAP expression was upregulated by various abiotic stressors in Lobularia maritima, and that transgenic tobacco lines with constitutively expressed LmSAPΔA20 and LmSAPΔA20-ΔAN1 showed dwarf phenotypes due to the deficiency of cell elongation under salt and osmotic stresses. In this study, we examined the function of A20 domain in the GA pathway in response to abiotic stresses. Transient expression of acGFP-LmSAPΔA20 and acGFP-LmSAPΔA20-ΔAN1 in onion epidermal cells demonstrated that these fused proteins were localized in the nucleo–cytoplasm. However, the truncated form acGFP-LmSAPΔAN1 was localized in the nucleus. Moreover, comparison of native and truncated LmSAP showed dramatic structural changes caused by the deletion of the A20 domain, leading to loss of function and localization. Interestingly, overexpression LmSAP and truncated LmSAPΔAN1 led to up-regulation of GA biosynthetic genes and increased total gibberellins (GAs) content, corresponding with accelerated development in transgenic tobacco plants. Moreover, the dwarf phenotype of the transgenic lines that express LmSAPΔA20 and LmSAPΔA20-ΔAN1 under stress conditions was fully restored by the application of exogenous GA3. These findings improve our understanding of the role of LmSAP in regulating GA homeostasis, which is important for regulating plant development under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Mihoubi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Faical Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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88
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A selective autophagy cargo receptor NBR1 modulates abscisic acid signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7778. [PMID: 32385330 PMCID: PMC7211012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant selective autophagy cargo receptor neighbour of breast cancer 1 gene (NBR1) has been scarcely studied in the context of abiotic stress. We wanted to expand this knowledge by using Arabidopsis thaliana lines with constitutive ectopic overexpression of the AtNBR1 gene (OX lines) and the AtNBR1 Knock-Out (KO lines). Transcriptomic analysis of the shoots and roots of one representative OX line indicated differences in gene expression relative to the parental (WT) line. In shoots, many differentially expressed genes, either up- or down-regulated, were involved in responses to stimuli and stress. In roots the most significant difference was observed in a set of downregulated genes that is mainly related to translation and formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes. The link between AtNBR1 overexpression and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling was suggested by an interaction network analysis of these differentially expressed genes. Most hubs of this network were associated with ABA signalling. Although transcriptomic analysis suggested enhancement of ABA responses, ABA levels were unchanged in the OX shoots. Moreover, some of the phenotypes of the OX (delayed germination, increased number of closed stomata) and the KO lines (increased number of lateral root initiation sites) indicate that AtNBR1 is essential for fine-tuning of the ABA signalling pathway. The interaction of AtNBR1 with three regulatory proteins of ABA pathway (ABI3, ABI4 and ABI5) was observed in planta. It suggests that AtNBR1 might play role in maintaining the balance of ABA signalling by controlling their level and/or activity.
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89
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Sun M, Tuan PA, Izydorczyk MS, Ayele BT. Ethylene regulates post-germination seedling growth in wheat through spatial and temporal modulation of ABA/GA balance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1985-2004. [PMID: 31872216 PMCID: PMC7094081 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of ethylene in regulating germination and seedling growth in wheat by combining pharmacological, molecular, and metabolomics approaches. Our study showed that ethylene does not affect radicle protrusion but controls post-germination endospermic starch degradation through transcriptional regulation of specific α-amylase and α-glucosidase genes, and this effect is mediated by alteration of endospermic bioactive gibberellin (GA) levels, and GA sensitivity via expression of the GA signaling gene, TaGAMYB. Our data implicated ethylene as a positive regulator of embryo axis and coleoptile growth through transcriptional regulation of specific TaEXPA genes. These effects were associated with modulation of GA levels and sensitivity, through expression of GA metabolism (TaGA20ox1, TaGA3ox2, and TaGA2ox6) and signaling (TaGAMYB) genes, respectively, and/or the abscisic acid (ABA) level and sensitivity, via expression of specific ABA metabolism (TaNCED2 or TaCYP707A1) and signaling (TaABI3) genes, respectively. Ethylene appeared to regulate the expression of TaEXPA3 and thereby root growth through its control of coleoptile ABA metabolism, and root ABA signaling via expression of TaABI3 and TaABI5. These results show that spatiotemporal modulation of ABA/GA balance mediates the role of ethylene in regulating post-germination storage starch degradation and seedling growth in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Sun
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marta S Izydorczyk
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Belay T Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, 222 Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Corresponding author:
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90
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Zhou W, Chen F, Meng Y, Chandrasekaran U, Luo X, Yang W, Shu K. Plant waterlogging/flooding stress responses: From seed germination to maturation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 148:228-236. [PMID: 31981875 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is strongly associated with variations in precipitation and flooding events. Flooding usually causes submergence- or partial submergence stress in plants, which significantly has a negative influence on agricultural production, from seed germination to vegetative and reproductive growth. Flooding stress results in crop growth under low oxygen conditions and thus, negatively affects the developmental periods of plant lifecycle. The survival strategies of different plant species under this stressful condition are distinct, whereas the perception pathways associated with flooding stress are similar at the molecular level. Plants respond to flooding stress by mediating changes in their architecture, energy metabolism, photosynthesis, respiration and endogenous phytohormone biosynthesis/signaling, because aerobic respiration is inhibited under flooding stress, the decrease of energy metabolism further constrains plant development. Consequently, to acclimate under these unfavorable conditions, the anaerobic respiration cascade must be promoted. In this updated review, we primarily focus on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to flooding stress. We summarize the functions of the flooding response factors involved in energy metabolism and phytohormone biosynthesis/signaling cascades. Finally, the current understanding of how plants circumvent flooding stress, and the potential challenges for future research, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yongjie Meng
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
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91
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Zhou W, Chen F, Luo X, Dai Y, Yang Y, Zheng C, Yang W, Shu K. A matter of life and death: Molecular, physiological, and environmental regulation of seed longevity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:293-302. [PMID: 31675441 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both seed germination and early seedling establishment are important biological processes in a plant's lifecycle. Seed longevity is a key trait in agriculture, which directly influences seed germination and ultimately determines crop productivity and hence food security. Numerous studies have demonstrated that seed deterioration is regulated by complex interactions between diverse endogenous genetically controlled factors and exogenous environmental cues, including temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen partial pressure during seed storage. The endogenous factors, including the chlorophyll concentration, the structure of the seed coat, the balance of phytohormones, the concentration of reactive oxygen species, the integrity of nucleic acids and proteins and their associated repair systems, are also involved in the control of seed longevity. A precise understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying seed longevity is becoming a hot topic in plant molecular biology. In this review, we describe recent research into the regulation of seed longevity and the interactions between the various environmental and genetic factors. Based on this, the current state-of-play regarding seed longevity regulatory networks will be presented, particularly with respect to agricultural seed storage, and the research challenges to be faced in the future will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguan Zhou
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Dai
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingzeng Yang
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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92
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Guo J, Lu C, Zhao F, Gao S, Wang B. Improved reproductive growth of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa under salinity is correlated with altered phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:170-183. [PMID: 31941563 DOI: 10.1071/fp19215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are essential for plant reproductive growth. Salinity limits crop reproductive growth and yield, but improves reproductive growth of euhalophytes. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying salinity's effects on plant reproductive growth. To elucidate the role of plant hormones in flower development of the euhalophyte Suaeda salsa under saline conditions, we analysed endogenous gibberellic acid (GA3,4), indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) during flowering in control (0 mM) and NaCl-treated (200 mM) plants. At the end of vegetative growth, endogenous GA3, GA4, ABA and BR contents in stems of NaCl-treated plants were significantly higher than those in controls. During flowering, GA3, GA4, IAA and ZR contents showed the most significant enhancement in flower organs of plants treated with NaCl when compared with controls. Additionally, genes related to ZR, IAA, GA, BR and ABA biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, such as those encoding CYP735A, CYP85A, GID1, NCED, PIF4, AHP, TCH4, SnRK2 and ABF, were upregulated in S. salsa flowers from NaCl-treated plants. These results suggest that coordinated upregulation of genes involved in phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction contributes to the enhanced reproductive growth of S. salsa under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Chaoxia Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Fangcheng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250014, PR China; and Corresponding author.
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93
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Bonini P, Rouphael Y, Miras-Moreno B, Lee B, Cardarelli M, Erice G, Cirino V, Lucini L, Colla G. A Microbial-Based Biostimulant Enhances Sweet Pepper Performance by Metabolic Reprogramming of Phytohormone Profile and Secondary Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:567388. [PMID: 33224160 PMCID: PMC7674627 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.567388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial-based biostimulants can improve crop productivity by modulating cell metabolic pathways including hormonal balance. However, little is known about the microbial-mediated molecular changes causing yield increase. The present study elucidates the metabolomic modulation occurring in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves at the vegetative and reproductive phenological stages, in response to microbial-based biostimulants. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizoglomus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae, as well as Trichoderma koningii, were used in this work. The application of endophytic fungi significantly increased total fruit yield by 23.7% compared to that of untreated plants. Multivariate statistics indicated that the biostimulant treatment substantially altered the shape of the metabolic profile of pepper. Compared to the untreated control, the plants treated with microbial biostimulants presented with modified gibberellin, auxin, and cytokinin patterns. The biostimulant treatment also induced secondary metabolism and caused carotenoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds to accumulate in the plants. Differential metabolomic signatures indicated diverse and concerted biochemical responses in the plants following the colonization of their roots by beneficial microorganisms. The above findings demonstrated a clear link between microbial-mediated yield increase and a strong up-regulation of hormonal and secondary metabolic pathways associated with growth stimulation and crop defense to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bonini
- Next Generation Agronomics Laboratory (NGAlab), La Riera de Gaia, Tarragona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Paolo Bonini,
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Byungha Lee
- Next Generation Agronomics Laboratory (NGAlab), La Riera de Gaia, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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94
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Ahmad RM, Cheng C, Sheng J, Wang W, Ren H, Aslam M, Yan Y. Interruption of Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis Causes Differential Responses in the Roots and Shoots of Maize Seedlings against Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246202. [PMID: 31835299 PMCID: PMC6969903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) together with jasmonic acid and its offshoots are lipid-derived endogenous hormones that play key roles in both developmental processes and different defense responses in plants. JAs have been studied intensively in the past decades for their substantial roles in plant defense comebacks against diverse environmental stresses among model plants. However, the role of this phytohormone has been poorly investigated in the monocotyledonous species against abiotic stresses. In this study, a JA biosynthesis mutant opr7opr8 was used for the investigation of JA roles in the salt stress responses of maize seedlings, whose roots were exposed to 0 to 300 mM NaCl. Foliar stomatal observation showed that opr7opr8 had a larger stomatal aperture than wild type (WT) (B73) under salinity stress, indicating that JA positively regulates guard cell movement under salt stress. The results regarding chlorophyll content and leaf senescence showed that opr7opr8 exhibited delayed leaf senescence under salt stress as compared to WT, indicating that JA plays a role in salt-inducing cell death and subsequent leaf senescence. Moreover, the morphological parameters, including the length of the shoots and roots, and the fresh and dry weights of the shoots and roots, showed that after 7 days of salt treatment, opr7opr8 had heavier and longer shoots than WT but slighter and shorter roots than WT. In addition, ion analysis showed that opr7opr8 accumulated less sodium but more potassium in the leaves than WT but more sodium and less potassium in the roots than WT, suggesting that JA deficiency causes higher salt stress to the roots but less stress to the leaves of the seedlings. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis showed that opr7opr8 produced less H2O2 than WT in the leaves but more H2O2 in the roots under salt treatment, and correspondingly, ROS-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed a similar variation, i.e., opr7opr8 has lower enzymatic activities in the shoots but higher activities in the roots than WT under salt treatment. For osmotic adjustment, opr7opr8 produced less proline in the shoots at 100 and 300 mM NaCl treatments but more in the roots than the WT roots under all salt treatments. In addition, the gene expression for abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis under salt stress was investigated. Results showed that the expression levels of four key enzymes of ABA biosynthesis, ZEP1, NCED5, AO1, and VP10, were significantly downregulated in the shoots as compared to WT under salt treatment. Putting all the data together, we concluded that JA-deficiency in maize seedlings reduced the salt-stress responses in the shoots but exaggerated the responses in the roots. In addition, endogenous JA acted as a positive regulator for the transportation of sodium ions from the roots to the shoots because the mutant opr7opr8 had a higher level of sodium in the roots but a significantly lower level in the shoots than WT. Furthermore, JA may act as a positive regulator for ABA biosynthesis in the leaves under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramala Masood Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.M.A.); (C.C.); (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.M.A.); (C.C.); (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.M.A.); (C.C.); (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (W.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Hong Ren
- Guizhou Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (W.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Yuanxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.M.A.); (C.C.); (J.S.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence:
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95
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CRK5 Protein Kinase Contributes to the Progression of Embryogenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246120. [PMID: 31817249 PMCID: PMC6941128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine tuning of hormone (e.g., auxin and gibberellin) levels and hormone signaling is required for maintaining normal embryogenesis. Embryo polarity, for example, is ensured by the directional movement of auxin that is controlled by various types of auxin transporters. Here, we present pieces of evidence for the auxin-gibberellic acid (GA) hormonal crosstalk during embryo development and the regulatory role of the Arabidopsis thaliana Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase-Related Kinase 5 (AtCRK5) in this regard. It is pointed out that the embryogenesis of the Atcrk5-1 mutant is delayed in comparison to the wild type. This delay is accompanied with a decrease in the levels of GA and auxin, as well as the abundance of the polar auxin transport (PAT) proteins PIN1, PIN4, and PIN7 in the mutant embryos. We have previously showed that AtCRK5 can regulate the PIN2 and PIN3 proteins either directly by phosphorylation or indirectly affecting the GA level during the root gravitropic and hypocotyl hook bending responses. In this manuscript, we provide evidence that the AtCRK5 protein kinase can in vitro phosphorylate the hydrophilic loops of additional PIN proteins that are important for embryogenesis. We propose that AtCRK5 can govern embryo development in Arabidopsis through the fine tuning of auxin-GA level and the accumulation of certain polar auxin transport proteins.
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96
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Killiny N, Nehela Y. Abscisic acid deficiency caused by phytoene desaturase silencing is associated with dwarfing syndrome in citrus. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:965-980. [PMID: 31055623 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In citrus, abscisic acid-deficiency was associated with a dwarfing phenotype, slow growth, small leaves, decreased fresh weight, and faster water loss. ABA supplementation reversed the dwarfing phenotype and enhanced growth. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a ubiquitously distributed phytohormone, which is almost produced by all living kingdoms. In plants, ABA plays pleiotropic physiological roles in growth, development, and stress responses. We explored the hidden relationship between ABA deficiency, and citrus dwarfing. We used targeted-HPLC, targeted-GC-MS, molecular genetics, immunoassays, and gene expression techniques to investigate the effects of the silencing of phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene on the ABA-biosynthetic pathway, endogenous ABA content, and other phytohormones. Silencing of PDS directly suppressed the carotenoids compounds involved in ABA biosynthesis, altered phytohormonal profile, and caused phytoene accumulation and ABA deficiency. The reduction of ABA presumably due to the limited availability of its precursor, zeaxanthin. The ABA-deficient citrus cuttings displayed photobleaching, a dwarf phenotype with impaired growth characteristics that included slow growth, small leaves, decreased fresh weight, and faster water loss. ABA supplementation enhanced the growth and reversed the dwarfing phenotype of the ABA-deficient cuttings. Our data demonstrate that ABA-deficiency may lead to dwarfing phenotype and impaired growth in citrus cuttings. The negative influence of ABA-deficiency on growth rate is the result of altered water relations. Addition of ABA to the CTV-tPDS roots restored shoot growth and reversed the dwarfing phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
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97
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Płażek A, Słomka A, Kopeć P, Dziurka M, Hornyák M, Sychta K, Pastuszak J, Dubert AF. Effects of High Temperature on Embryological Development and Hormone Profile in Flowers and Leaves of Common Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071705. [PMID: 30959807 PMCID: PMC6480298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common buckwheat is a valuable crop, mainly due to the beneficial chemical composition of its seeds. However, buckwheat cultivation is limited because of unstable seed yield. The most important reasons for the low yield include embryo and flower abortion. The aim of this work is to verify whether high temperature affects embryological development in this plant species. The experiment was conducted on plants of a Polish cultivar ‘Panda’ and strain PA15, in which the percentage of degenerating embryo sacs was previously determined and amounted to 32% and 10%, respectively. The plants were cultivated in phytotronic conditions at 20 °C (control), and 30 °C (thermal stress). The embryological processes and hormonal profiles in flowers at various developmental stages (buds, open flowers, and wilted flowers) and in donor leaves were analyzed in two-month-old plants. Significant effects of thermal stress on the defective development of female gametophytes and hormone content in flowers and leaves were observed. Ovules were much more sensitive to high temperature than pollen grains in both genotypes. Pollen viability remained unaffected at 30 °C in both genotypes. The effect of temperature on female gametophyte development was visible in cv. Panda but not in PA15 buds. A drastic reduction in the number of properly developed embryo sacs was clear in open flowers at 30 °C in both genotypes. A considerable increase in abscisic acid in open flowers ready for fertilization may serve as a signal inducing flower senescence observed in the next few days. Based on embryological analyses and hormone profiles in flowers, we conclude that cv. ‘Panda’ is more sensitive to thermal stress than strain PA15, mainly due to a much earlier response to thermal stress involving impairment of embryological processes already in the flower buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Płażek
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aneta Słomka
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30⁻387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Kopeć
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marta Hornyák
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Sychta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30⁻387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jakub Pastuszak
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - And Franciszek Dubert
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
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98
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Liu X, Wang J, Yu Y, Kong L, Liu Y, Liu Z, Li H, Wei P, Liu M, Zhou H, Bu Q, Fang J. Identification and characterization of the rice pre-harvest sprouting mutants involved in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:275-285. [PMID: 30471121 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In cereal crops, ABA deficiency during seed maturation phase causes pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), and molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) is required for ABA biosynthesis. Here, two rice PHS mutants F254 and F5-1 were characterized. In addition to the PHS, these mutants showed pleiotropic phenotypes such as twisting and slender leaves, and then died when the seedling developed to four or five leaves. Map-based cloning showed that OsCNX6 and OsCNX1 encoding homologs of MoaE and MoeA were responsible for F254 and F5-1 mutants, respectively. Genetic complementation indicated that OsCNX6 not only rescued the PHS and seedling lethal phenotype of the cnx6 mutant, but also recovered the MoCo-dependent enzyme activities such as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), aldehyde oxidase (AO), nitrate reductase (NR) and sulfite oxidase (SO). Expression pattern showed that OsCNX6 was richly expressed in seed during embryo maturation by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and RNA in situ hybridization. Furthermore, the OsCNX6 overexpression plants can significantly enhance the MoCo-dependent enzyme activities, and improved the osmotic and salt stress tolerance without unfavorable phenotypes. Collectively, these data indicated that OsCNX6 participated in MoCo biosynthesis, and is essential for rice development, especially for seed dormancy and germination, and OsCNX6 could be an effective target for improving abiotic stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lina Kong
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yimei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Piwei Wei
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 644005, China
| | - Minglong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingyun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
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99
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Wang F, Zhang L, Chen X, Wu X, Xiang X, Zhou J, Xia X, Shi K, Yu J, Foyer CH, Zhou Y. SlHY5 Integrates Temperature, Light, and Hormone Signaling to Balance Plant Growth and Cold Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:749-760. [PMID: 30563923 PMCID: PMC6426432 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During the transition from warm to cool seasons, plants experience decreased temperatures, shortened days, and decreased red/far-red (R/FR) ratios of light. The mechanism by which plants integrate these environmental cues to maintain plant growth and adaptation remains poorly understood. Here, we report that low temperature induced the transcription of PHYTOCHROME A and accumulation of LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (SlHY5, a basic Leu zipper transcription factor) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants, especially under short day conditions with low R/FR light ratios. Reverse genetic approaches and physiological analyses revealed that silencing of SlHY5 increased cold susceptibility in tomato plants, whereas overexpression of SlHY5 enhanced cold tolerance. SlHY5 directly bound to and activated the transcription of genes encoding a gibberellin-inactivation enzyme, namely GIBBERELLIN2-OXIDASE4, and an abscisic acid biosynthetic enzyme, namely 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE6 (SlNCED6). Thus, phytochrome A-dependent SlHY5 accumulation resulted in an increased abscisic acid/gibberellin ratio, which was accompanied by growth cessation and induction of cold response. Furthermore, silencing of SlNCED6 compromises short day- and low R/FR-induced tomato resistance to cold stress. These findings provide insight into the molecular genetic mechanisms by which plants integrate environmental stimuli with hormones to coordinate their growth with impending cold temperatures. Moreover, this work reveals a molecular mechanism that plants have evolved for growth and survival in response to seasonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Luyue Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xun Xiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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100
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Sun LR, Zhao ZJ, Hao FS. NADPH oxidases, essential players of hormone signalings in plant development and response to stresses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1657343. [PMID: 31431139 PMCID: PMC6804714 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1657343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs), also named respiratory burst oxidase homologues (Rbohs), are critical generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which as signal molecules regulate growth and development, and adaptation to various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. NOXs-dependent ROS production is frequently induced by diverse phytohormones. The ROS commonly function downstream of, and interplay with hormone signalings, coordinately modulating plant development and stress tolerance. In this review, we summarize recent advances on the roles and molecular mechanisms of Rbohs in mediating signalings of multiple hormones including auxin, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene and brassinosteroids in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Rong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhi Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fu Shun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- CONTACT Fu Shun Hao State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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