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Powers MJ, Martz LD, Burton RS, Hill GE, Weaver RJ. Evidence for hybrid breakdown in production of red carotenoids in the marine invertebrate Tigriopus californicus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259371. [PMID: 34748608 PMCID: PMC8575244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine copepod, Tigriopus californicus, produces the red carotenoid pigment astaxanthin from yellow dietary precursors. This ‘bioconversion’ of yellow carotenoids to red is hypothesized to be linked to individual condition, possibly through shared metabolic pathways with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Experimental inter-population crosses of lab-reared T. californicus typically produces low-fitness hybrids is due in large part to the disruption of coadapted sets nuclear and mitochondrial genes within the parental populations. These hybrid incompatibilities can increase variability in life history traits and energy production among hybrid lines. Here, we tested if production of astaxanthin was compromised in hybrid copepods and if it was linked to mitochondrial metabolism and offspring development. We observed no clear mitonuclear dysfunction in hybrids fed a limited, carotenoid-deficient diet of nutritional yeast. However, when yellow carotenoids were restored to their diet, hybrid lines produced less astaxanthin than parental lines. We observed that lines fed a yeast diet produced less ATP and had slower offspring development compared to lines fed a more complete diet of algae, suggesting the yeast-only diet may have obscured effects of mitonuclear dysfunction. Astaxanthin production was not significantly associated with development among lines fed a yeast diet but was negatively related to development in early generation hybrids fed an algal diet. In lines fed yeast, astaxanthin was negatively related to ATP synthesis, but in lines fed algae, the relationship was reversed. Although the effects of the yeast diet may have obscured evidence of hybrid dysfunction, these results suggest that astaxanthin bioconversion may still be related to mitochondrial performance and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Powers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MJP); (LDM)
| | - Lucas D. Martz
- University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MJP); (LDM)
| | - Ronald S. Burton
- University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Weaver
- Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
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252
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Klein HU, Trumpff C, Yang HS, Lee AJ, Picard M, Bennett DA, De Jager PL. Characterization of mitochondrial DNA quantity and quality in the human aged and Alzheimer's disease brain. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:75. [PMID: 34742335 PMCID: PMC8572491 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is a feature of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Changes in the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and increased mitochondrial DNA mutation burden have both been associated with neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. This study aims to systematically identify which common brain pathologies in the aged human brain are associated with mitochondrial recalibrations and to disentangle the relationship between these pathologies, mtDNAcn, mtDNA heteroplasmy, aging, neuronal loss, and cognitive function. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing data from n = 1361 human brain samples from 5 different regions were used to quantify mtDNAcn as well as heteroplasmic mtDNA point mutations and small indels. Brain samples were assessed for 10 common pathologies. Annual cognitive test results were used to assess cognitive function proximal to death. For a subset of samples, neuronal proportions were estimated from RNA-seq profiles, and mass spectrometry was used to quantify the mitochondrial protein content of the tissue. RESULTS mtDNAcn was 7-14% lower in AD relative to control participants. When accounting for all 10 common neuropathologies, only tau was significantly associated with lower mtDNAcn in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In the posterior cingulate cortex, TDP-43 pathology demonstrated a distinct association with mtDNAcn. No changes were observed in the cerebellum, which is affected late by pathologies. Neither age nor gender was associated with mtDNAcn in the studied brain regions when adjusting for pathologies. Mitochondrial content and mtDNAcn independently explained variance in cognitive function unaccounted by pathologies, implicating complex mitochondrial recalibrations in cognitive decline. In contrast, mtDNA heteroplasmy levels increased by 1.5% per year of life in the cortical regions, but displayed no association with any of the pathologies or cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS We studied mtDNA quantity and quality in relation to mixed pathologies of aging and showed that tau and not amyloid-β is primarily associated with reduced mtDNAcn. In the posterior cingulate cortex, the association of TDP-43 with low mtDNAcn points to a vulnerability of this region in limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy. While we found low mtDNAcn in brain regions affected by pathologies, the absence of associations with mtDNA heteroplasmy burden indicates that mtDNA point mutations and small indels are unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Klein
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Hyun-Sik Yang
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Annie J. Lee
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Merritt Center and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
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253
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Szczerbinski L, Taylor MA, Puchta U, Konopka P, Paszko A, Citko A, Szczerbinski K, Goscik J, Gorska M, Larsen S, Kretowski A. The Response of Mitochondrial Respiration and Quantity in Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue to Exercise in Humans with Prediabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113013. [PMID: 34831236 PMCID: PMC8616473 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, but its contribution to the early stages of dysglycemia remains poorly understood. By collecting a high-resolution stage-based spectrum of dysglycemia, our study fills this gap by evaluating derangement in both the function and quantity of mitochondria. We sampled mitochondria in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues of subjects with progressive advancement of dysglycemia under a three-month exercise intervention. Methods: We measured clinical metabolic parameters and gathered skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies before and after the three-month exercise intervention. We then assayed the number of mitochondria via citrate synthase (CS) activity and functional parameters with high-resolution respirometry. Results: In muscle, there were no differences in mitochondrial quantity or function at baseline between normoglycemics and prediabetics. However, the intervention caused improvement in CS activity, implying an increase in mitochondrial quantity. By contrast in adipose tissue, baseline differences in CS activity were present, with the lowest CS activity coincident with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance (IFG + IGT). Finally, CS activity, but few of the functional metrics, improved under the intervention. Conclusions: We show that in prediabetes, no differences in the function or amount of mitochondria (measured by CS activity) in skeletal muscle are apparent, but in adipose tissue of subjects with IFG + IGT, a significantly reduced activity of CS was observed. Finally, metabolic improvements under the exercise correlate to improvements in the amount, rather than function, of mitochondria in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-831-8150
| | - Mark Alan Taylor
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, 1450 3rd St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Urszula Puchta
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Paulina Konopka
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Adam Paszko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Karol Szczerbinski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Steen Larsen
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
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254
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Marchant ED, Marchant ND, Hyldahl RD, Gifford JR, Smith MW, Hancock CR. Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function after a 100-km Ultramarathon: A Case Study in Monozygotic Twins. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2363-2373. [PMID: 34107508 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Very little research has investigated the effects of ultraendurance exercise on the bioenergetic status of muscle. The primary objective of this case study was to characterize the changes that occur in skeletal muscle mitochondria in response to a 100-km ultramarathon in monozygotic twins. A second objective was to determine whether mitochondrial function is altered by consuming a periodized low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet during training compared with a high-carbohydrate diet. METHODS One pair of male monozygotic twins ran 100 km on treadmills after 4 wk of training on either a high-carbohydrate or periodized low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. Muscle biopsies were collected 4 wk before the run, as well as 4 and 52 h postrun. Blood draws were also performed immediately before as well as 4 and 52 h after the run. RESULTS Four hours postrun, respiratory capacity, citrate synthase activity, and mitochondrial complex protein content were decreased. Two days later, both twins showed signs of rapid recovery in several of these measures. Furthermore, blood levels of creatine phosphokinase, C-reactive protein, and aspartate transaminase were elevated 4 h after the run but partially recovered 2 d later. CONCLUSION Although there were some differences between the twins, the primary finding is that there is significant mitochondrial impairment induced by running 100 km, which rapidly recovers within 2 d. These results provide ample rationale for future investigations of the effects of ultraendurance activity on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Marchant
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Nathan D Marchant
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | | | | | - Michael W Smith
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Chad R Hancock
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
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Liu Y, Yu S, Xing X, Qiao J, Yin Y, Wang J, Liu M, Zhang W. Ginsenoside Rh2 stimulates the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and induces apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transfer chain complex. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:873. [PMID: 34713297 PMCID: PMC8569524 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is a monomeric compound that extracted from ginseng and possesses anti-cancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. Previously, we reported that G-Rh2 induces apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells and that the process was related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the upstream mechanisms of G-Rh2, along with its cellular targets, remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry and Hoechst staining revealed that G-Rh2 significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. However, G-Rh2 was demonstrated to be non-toxic to End1/e6e7 cells. JC-1, rhodamine 123 staining, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis capacity assays demonstrated that G-Rh2 exposure caused an immediate decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential due to its inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, as well as glycolysis, both of which reduced cellular ATP production. Western blotting and electron transport chain (ETC) activity assays revealed that G-Rh2 significantly inhibited the activity of ETC complexes I, III and V. Overexpression of ETC complex III partially significantly restored mitochondrial ROS and inhibited the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells induced by G-Rh2. The predicted results of binding energy in molecular docking, confirmed that G-Rh2 was highly likely to induce mitochondrial ROS production and promote cell apoptosis by targeting the ETC complex, especially for ETC complex III. Taken together, the present results revealed the potential anti-cervical cancer activity of G-Rh2 and provide direct evidence for the contribution of impaired ETC complex activity to cervical cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Shiting Yu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xing
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Juhui Qiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Yiqiu Yin
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Scientific Research Department, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
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256
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Latham CM, Owen RN, Dickson EC, Guy CP, White-Springer SH. Skeletal Muscle Adaptations to Exercise Training in Young and Aged Horses. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:708918. [PMID: 35822026 PMCID: PMC9261331 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.708918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In aged humans, low-intensity exercise increases mitochondrial density, function and oxidative capacity, decreases the prevalence of hybrid fibers, and increases lean muscle mass, but these adaptations have not been studied in aged horses. Effects of age and exercise training on muscle fiber type and size, satellite cell abundance, and mitochondrial volume density (citrate synthase activity; CS), function (cytochrome c oxidase activity; CCO), and integrative (per mg tissue) and intrinsic (per unit CS) oxidative capacities were evaluated in skeletal muscle from aged (n = 9; 22 ± 5 yr) and yearling (n = 8; 9.7 ± 0.7 mo) horses. Muscle was collected from the gluteus medius (GM) and triceps brachii at wk 0, 8, and 12 of exercise training. Data were analyzed using linear models with age, training, muscle, and all interactions as fixed effects. At wk 0, aged horses exhibited a lower percentage of type IIx (p = 0.0006) and greater percentage of hybrid IIa/x fibers (p = 0.002) in the GM, less satellite cells per type II fiber (p = 0.03), lesser integrative and intrinsic (p≤ 0.04) CCO activities, lesser integrative oxidative phosphorylation capacity with complex I (PCI; p = 0.02) and maximal electron transfer system capacity (ECI+II; p = 0.06), and greater intrinsic PCI, ECI+II, and electron transfer system capacity with complex II (ECII; p≤ 0.05) than young horses. The percentage of type IIx fibers increased (p < 0.0001) and of type IIa/x fibers decreased (p = 0.001) in the GM, and the number of satellite cells per type II fiber increased (p = 0.0006) in aged horses following exercise training. Conversely, the percentage of type IIa/x fibers increased (p ≤ 0.01) and of type IIx fibers decreased (p ≤ 0.002) in young horses. Integrative maximal oxidative capacity (p ≤ 0.02), ECI+II (p ≤ 0.07), and ECII (p = 0.0003) increased for both age groups from wk 0 to 12. Following exercise training, aged horses had a greater percentage of IIx (p ≤ 0.002) and lesser percentage of IIa/x fibers (p ≤ 0.07), and more satellite cells per type II fiber (p = 0.08) than young horses, but sustained lesser integrative and intrinsic CCO activities (p≤ 0.04) and greater intrinsic PCI, ECI+II, and ECII (p≤ 0.05). Exercise improved mitochondrial measures in young and aged horses; however, aged horses showed impaired mitochondrial function and differences in adaptation to exercise training.
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257
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Rausser S, Trumpff C, McGill MA, Junker A, Wang W, Ho SH, Mitchell A, Karan KR, Monk C, Segerstrom SC, Reed RG, Picard M. Mitochondrial phenotypes in purified human immune cell subtypes and cell mixtures. eLife 2021; 10:70899. [PMID: 34698636 PMCID: PMC8612706 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a high-throughput mitochondrial phenotyping platform to quantify multiple mitochondrial features among molecularly defined immune cell subtypes, we quantify the natural variation in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), citrate synthase, and respiratory chain enzymatic activities in human neutrophils, monocytes, B cells, and naïve and memory T lymphocyte subtypes. In mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the same individuals, we show to what extent mitochondrial measures are confounded by both cell type distributions and contaminating platelets. Cell subtype-specific measures among women and men spanning four decades of life indicate potential age- and sex-related differences, including an age-related elevation in mtDNAcn, which are masked or blunted in mixed PBMCs. Finally, a proof-of-concept, repeated-measures study in a single individual validates cell type differences and also reveals week-to-week changes in mitochondrial activities. Larger studies are required to validate and mechanistically extend these findings. These mitochondrial phenotyping data build upon established immunometabolic differences among leukocyte subpopulations, and provide foundational quantitative knowledge to develop interpretable blood-based assays of mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Rausser
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Marlon A McGill
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Alex Junker
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Siu-Hong Ho
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Anika Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Kalpita R Karan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
| | | | - Rebecca G Reed
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Neurology, Merritt Center and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States
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258
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Hoene M, Kappler L, Kollipara L, Hu C, Irmler M, Bleher D, Hoffmann C, Beckers J, Hrabě de Angelis M, Häring HU, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Sickmann A, Xu G, Lehmann R, Weigert C. Exercise prevents fatty liver by modifying the compensatory response of mitochondrial metabolism to excess substrate availability. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101359. [PMID: 34695608 PMCID: PMC8671118 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Liver mitochondria adapt to high-calorie intake. We investigated how exercise alters the early compensatory response of mitochondria, thus preventing fatty liver disease as a long-term consequence of overnutrition. Methods We compared the effects of a steatogenic high-energy diet (HED) for six weeks on mitochondrial metabolism of sedentary and treadmill-trained C57BL/6N mice. We applied multi-OMICs analyses to study the alterations in the proteome, transcriptome, and lipids in isolated mitochondria of liver and skeletal muscle as well as in whole tissue and examined the functional consequences by high-resolution respirometry. Results HED increased the respiratory capacity of isolated liver mitochondria, both in sedentary and in trained mice. However, proteomics analysis of the mitochondria and transcriptomics indicated that training modified the adaptation of the hepatic metabolism to HED on the level of respiratory complex I, glucose oxidation, pyruvate and acetyl-CoA metabolism, and lipogenesis. Training also counteracted the HED-induced glucose intolerance, the increase in fasting insulin, and in liver fat by lowering diacylglycerol species and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in the livers of trained HED-fed mice, two mechanisms that can reverse hepatic insulin resistance. In skeletal muscle, the combination of HED and training improved the oxidative capacity to a greater extent than training alone by increasing respiration of isolated mitochondria and total mitochondrial protein content. Conclusion We provide a comprehensive insight into the early adaptations of mitochondria in the liver and skeletal muscle to HED and endurance training. Our results suggest that exercise disconnects the HED-induced increase in mitochondrial substrate oxidation from pyruvate and acetyl-CoA-driven lipid synthesis. This could contribute to the prevention of deleterious long-term effects of high fat and sugar intake on hepatic mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. High-energy diet promotes mitochondrial respiration in liver independent of training. High-energy diet combined with training disconnects substrate oxidation from lipid synthesis. High-energy diet combined with training reduces complex I formation in the liver. Trained skeletal muscle unburdens the liver from substrate overload. Comprehensive resource of mitochondrial adaptations to high-energy diet and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hoene
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Kappler
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Laxmikanth Kollipara
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Chunxiu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Martin Irmler
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Bleher
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoffmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, 85354, Freising, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, 85354, Freising, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät, Medizinische Proteom-Center (MPC), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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259
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Yamada T, Kimura I, Ashida Y, Tamai K, Fusagawa H, Tohse N, Westerblad H, Andersson DC, Sato T. Larger improvements in fatigue resistance and mitochondrial function with high- than with low-intensity contractions during interval training of mouse skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21988. [PMID: 34665879 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101204r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interval training (IT) results in improved fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle mainly due to an increased aerobic capacity, which involves increased muscle mitochondrial content and/or improved mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that IT with high-intensity contractions is more effective in increasing mitochondrial function, and hence fatigue resistance, than low-intensity contractions. To study this hypothesis without interference from differences in muscle fiber recruitment obliged to occur during voluntary contractions, IT was performed with in situ supramaximal electrical stimulation where all muscle fibers are recruited. We compared the effect of IT with repeated low-intensity (20 Hz stimulation, IT20) and high-intensity (100 Hz stimulation, IT100) contractions on fatigue resistance and mitochondrial content and function in mouse plantar flexor muscles. Muscles were stimulated every other day for 4 weeks. The averaged peak torque during IT bouts was 4.2-fold higher with IT100 than with IT20. Both stimulation protocols markedly improved in situ fatigue resistance, although the improvement was larger with IT100. The citrate synthase activity, a biomarker of mitochondrial content, was similarly increased with IT20 and IT100. Conversely, increased expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes I, III, and IV was only observed with IT100 and this was accompanied by increases in MRC supercomplex formation and pyruvate-malate-driven state 3 respiration in isolated mitochondria. In conclusion, the IT-induced increase in fatigue resistance is larger with high-intensity than with low-intensity contractions and this is linked to improved mitochondrial function due to increased expression of MRC complexes and assembly of MRC supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Iori Kimura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ashida
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Japan Society for Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tamai
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyori Fusagawa
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Tohse
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel C Andersson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Heart, Vascular and Neurology Theme, Cardiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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260
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Buss LA, Hock B, Merry TL, Ang AD, Robinson BA, Currie MJ, Dachs GU. Effect of immune modulation on the skeletal muscle mitochondrial exercise response: An exploratory study in mice with cancer. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258831. [PMID: 34665826 PMCID: PMC8525738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer causes mitochondrial alterations in skeletal muscle, which may progress to muscle wasting and, ultimately, to cancer cachexia. Understanding how exercise adaptations are altered by cancer and cancer treatment is important for the effective design of exercise interventions aimed at improving cancer outcomes. We conducted an exploratory study to investigate how tumor burden and cancer immunotherapy treatment (anti-PD-1) modify the skeletal muscle mitochondrial response to exercise training in mice with transplantable tumors (B16-F10 melanoma and EO771 breast cancer). Mice remained sedentary or were provided with running wheels for ~19 days immediately following tumor implant while receiving no treatment (Untreated), isotype control antibody (IgG2a) or anti-PD-1. Exercise and anti-PD-1 did not alter the growth rate of either tumor type, either alone or in combination therapy. Untreated mice with B16-F10 tumors showed increases in most measured markers of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content following exercise training, as did anti-PD-1-treated mice, suggesting increased mitochondrial content following exercise training in these groups. However, mice with B16-F10 tumors receiving the isotype control antibody did not exhibit increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial content following exercise. In untreated mice with EO771 tumors, only citrate synthase activity and complex IV activity were increased following exercise. In contrast, IgG2a and anti-PD-1-treated groups both showed robust increases in most measured markers following exercise. These results indicate that in mice with B16-F10 tumors, IgG2a administration prevents exercise adaptation of skeletal muscle mitochondria, but adaptation remains intact in mice receiving anti-PD-1. In mice with EO771 tumors, both IgG2a and anti-PD-1-treated mice show robust skeletal muscle mitochondrial exercise responses, while untreated mice do not. Taken together, we postulate that immune modulation may enhance skeletal muscle mitochondrial response to exercise in tumor-bearing mice, and suggest this as an exciting new avenue for future research in exercise oncology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Citrate (si)-Synthase/metabolism
- Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immunoglobulin G/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/methods
- Random Allocation
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Buss
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Barry Hock
- Hematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Troy L. Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Abel D. Ang
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Bridget A. Robinson
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Canterbury Regional Cancer and Hematology Service, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Margaret J. Currie
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabi U. Dachs
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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261
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Ruple BA, Godwin JS, Mesquita PHC, Osburn SC, Sexton CL, Smith MA, Ogletree JC, Goodlett MD, Edison JL, Ferrando AA, Fruge AD, Kavazis AN, Young KC, Roberts MD. Myofibril and Mitochondrial Area Changes in Type I and II Fibers Following 10 Weeks of Resistance Training in Previously Untrained Men. Front Physiol 2021; 12:728683. [PMID: 34630147 PMCID: PMC8497692 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.728683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training increases muscle fiber hypertrophy, but the morphological adaptations that occur within muscle fibers remain largely unresolved. Fifteen males with minimal training experience (24±4years, 23.9±3.1kg/m2 body mass index) performed 10weeks of conventional, full-body resistance training (2× weekly). Body composition, the radiological density of the vastus lateralis muscle using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained 1week prior to and 72h following the last training bout. Quantification of myofibril and mitochondrial areas in type I (positive for MyHC I) and II (positive for MyHC IIa/IIx) fibers was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. Relative myosin heavy chain and actin protein abundances per wet muscle weight as well as citrate synthase (CS) activity assays were also obtained on tissue lysates. Training increased whole-body lean mass, mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area, mean and type II fiber cross-sectional areas (fCSA), and maximal strength values for leg press, bench press, and deadlift (p<0.05). The intracellular area occupied by myofibrils in type I or II fibers was not altered with training, suggesting a proportional expansion of myofibrils with fCSA increases. However, our histological analysis was unable to differentiate whether increases in myofibril number or girth occurred. Relative myosin heavy chain and actin protein abundances also did not change with training. IHC indicated training increased mitochondrial areas in both fiber types (p=0.018), albeit CS activity levels remained unaltered with training suggesting a discordance between these assays. Interestingly, although pQCT-derived muscle density increased with training (p=0.036), suggestive of myofibril packing, a positive association existed between training-induced changes in this metric and changes in mean fiber myofibril area (r=0.600, p=0.018). To summarize, our data imply that shorter-term resistance training promotes a proportional expansion of the area occupied by myofibrils and a disproportional expansion of the area occupied by mitochondria in type I and II fibers. Additionally, IHC and biochemical techniques should be viewed independently from one another given the lack of agreement between the variables assessed herein. Finally, the pQCT may be a viable tool to non-invasively track morphological changes (specifically myofibril density) in muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Ruple
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Joshua S Godwin
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Shelby C Osburn
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Casey L Sexton
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Morgan A Smith
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Michael D Goodlett
- Athletics Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Geriatrics, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Joseph L Edison
- Athletics Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Geriatrics, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Arny A Ferrando
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, United States
| | - Andrew D Fruge
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Kaelin C Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Geriatrics, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Department of Geriatrics, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
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262
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Bucher M, Kadam L, Ahuna K, Myatt L. Differences in Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration between Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast In-Vitro: Evidence for Sexual Dimorphism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910875. [PMID: 34639216 PMCID: PMC8509198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the placenta the proliferative cytotrophoblast cells fuse into the terminally differentiated syncytiotrophoblast layer which undertakes several energy-intensive functions including nutrient uptake and transfer and hormone synthesis. We used Seahorse glycolytic and mitochondrial stress tests on trophoblast cells isolated at term from women of healthy weight to evaluate if cytotrophoblast (CT) and syncytiotrophoblast (ST) have different bioenergetic strategies, given their different functions. Whereas there are no differences in basal glycolysis, CT have significantly greater glycolytic capacity and reserve than ST. In contrast, ST have significantly higher basal, ATP-coupled and maximal mitochondrial respiration and spare capacity than CT. Consequently, under stress conditions CT can increase energy generation via its higher glycolytic capacity whereas ST can use its higher and more efficient mitochondrial respiration capacity. We have previously shown that with adverse in utero conditions of diabetes and obesity trophoblast respiration is sexually dimorphic. We found no differences in glycolytic parameters between sexes and no difference in mitochondrial respiration parameters other than increases seen upon syncytialization appear to be greater in females. There were differences in metabolic flexibility, i.e., the ability to use glucose, glutamine, or fatty acids, seen upon syncytialization between the sexes with increased flexibility in female trophoblast suggesting a better ability to adapt to changes in nutrient supply.
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263
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Apostolopoulou M, Mastrototaro L, Hartwig S, Pesta D, Straßburger K, de Filippo E, Jelenik T, Karusheva Y, Gancheva S, Markgraf D, Herder C, Nair KS, Reichert AS, Lehr S, Müssig K, Al-Hasani H, Szendroedi J, Roden M. Metabolic responsiveness to training depends on insulin sensitivity and protein content of exosomes in insulin-resistant males. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi9551. [PMID: 34623918 PMCID: PMC8500512 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi9551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), but its impact on metabolism remains unclear. We hypothesized that 12-week HIIT increases insulin sensitivity in males with or without type 2 diabetes [T2D and NDM (nondiabetic humans)]. However, despite identically higher VO2max, mainly insulin-resistant (IR) persons (T2D and IR NDM) showed distinct alterations of circulating small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) along with lower inhibitory metabolic (protein kinase Cε activity) or inflammatory (nuclear factor κB) signaling in muscle of T2D or IR NDM, respectively. This is related to the specific alterations in SEV proteome reflecting down-regulation of the phospholipase C pathway (T2D) and up-regulated antioxidant capacity (IR NDM). Thus, SEV cargo may contribute to modulating the individual metabolic responsiveness to exercise training in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Apostolopoulou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Straßburger
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elisabetta de Filippo
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tomas Jelenik
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yanislava Karusheva
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sofiya Gancheva
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Markgraf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K. Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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264
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Mallard J, Hucteau E, Hureau TJ, Pagano AF. Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Current Knowledge and Insights From Other Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:719643. [PMID: 34595171 PMCID: PMC8476809 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.719643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the most commonly diagnosed cancer while neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies are extensively used in order to reduce tumor development and improve disease-free survival. However, chemotherapy also leads to severe off-target side-effects resulting, together with the tumor itself, in major skeletal muscle deconditioning. This review first focuses on recent advances in both macroscopic changes and cellular mechanisms implicated in skeletal muscle deconditioning of breast cancer patients, particularly as a consequence of the chemotherapy treatment. To date, only six clinical studies used muscle biopsies in breast cancer patients and highlighted several important aspects of muscle deconditioning such as a decrease in muscle fibers cross-sectional area, a dysregulation of protein turnover balance and mitochondrial alterations. However, in comparison with the knowledge accumulated through decades of intensive research with many different animal and human models of muscle atrophy, more studies are necessary to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the cellular processes implicated in breast cancer-mediated muscle deconditioning. This understanding is indeed essential to ultimately lead to the implementation of efficient preventive strategies such as exercise, nutrition or pharmacological treatments. We therefore also discuss potential mechanisms implicated in muscle deconditioning by drawing a parallel with other cancer cachexia models of muscle wasting, both at the pre-clinical and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Mallard
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elyse Hucteau
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas J Hureau
- Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allan F Pagano
- Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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265
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Larsen S, Dam Søndergård S, Eg Sahl R, Frandsen J, Morville T, Dela F, Helge JW. Acute erythropoietin injection increases muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity in young men: a double-blinded randomized crossover trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1340-1347. [PMID: 34498946 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00995.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate if acute recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) injection had an effect on mitochondrial function and if exercise would have an additive effect. Furthermore, to investigate if in vitro incubation with rHuEPO had an effect on muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Eight healthy young men were recruited for this double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. rHuEPO (400 IU/kg body wt) or saline injection was given intravenously, before an acute bout of exercise. Resting metabolic rate and fat oxidation were measured. Biopsies were obtained at baseline, 120 min after injection, and right after the acute exercise bout. Mitochondrial function (mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 emission) was measured in permeabilized skeletal muscle using high-resolution respirometry and fluorometry. Specific gene expression and enzyme activity were measured. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity was measured with and without incubation with rHuEPO. Fat oxidation at rest increased after rHuEPO injection, but no difference was found in fat oxidation during exercise. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was increased after rHuEPO injection when pyruvate was in the assay, which was not the case when saline was injected. No changes were seen in H2O2 emission after rHuEPO injection or acute exercise. Incubation of skeletal muscle fibers in vitro with rHuEPO increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Acute rHuEPO injection increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity when pyruvate was used in the assay. No statistical difference was found in H2O2 emission capacity, although a numerical increase was seen after rHuEPO injection. In vitro incubation of the skeletal muscle sample with rHuEPO increases mitochondrial respiratory capacity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The effect of an acute rHuEPO injection on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function was investigated in young healthy male subjects. rHuEPO has an acute effect on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity in humans, where an increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity was seen. This could be the first step leading to increased mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stine Dam Søndergård
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronni Eg Sahl
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Frandsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Morville
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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266
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Dayanidhi S, Buckner EH, Redmond RS, Chambers HG, Schenk S, Lieber RL. Skeletal muscle maximal mitochondrial activity in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:1194-1203. [PMID: 33393083 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare skeletal muscle mitochondrial enzyme activity and mitochondrial content between independently ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developing children. METHOD Gracilis biopsies were obtained from 12 children during surgery (n=6/group, children with CP: one female, five males, mean age 13y 4mo, SD 5y 1mo, 4y 1mo-17y 10mo; typically developing children: three females, three males, mean age 16y 5mo, SD 1y 4mo, 14y 6mo-18y 2mo). Spectrophotometric enzymatic assays were used to evaluate the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes. Mitochondrial content was evaluated using citrate synthase assay, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and immunoblots for specific respiratory chain proteins. RESULTS Maximal enzyme activity was significantly (50-80%) lower in children with CP versus typically developing children, for complex I (11nmol/min/mg protein, standard error of the mean [SEM] 1.7 vs 20.7nmol/min/mg protein, SEM 4), complex II (6.9nmol/min/mg protein, SEM 1.2 vs 21nmol/min/mg protein, SEM 2.7), complex III (31.9nmol/min/mg protein, SEM 7.4 vs 72.7nmol/min/mg protein, SEM 7.2), and complex I+III (7.4nmol/min/mg protein, SEM 2.5 vs 31.8nmol/min/mg protein, SEM 9.3). Decreased electron transport chain activity was not the result of lower mitochondrial content. INTERPRETATION Skeletal muscle mitochondrial electron transport chain enzymatic activity but not mitochondrial content is reduced in independently ambulatory children with CP. Decreased mitochondrial oxidative capacity might explain reported increased energetics of movement and fatigue in ambulatory children with CP. What this paper adds Skeletal muscle mitochondrial electron transport chain enzymatic activity is reduced in independently ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP). Mitochondrial content appears to be similar between children with CP and typically developing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Dayanidhi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.,Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elisa H Buckner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Henry G Chambers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Lieber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.,Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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267
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Dayanidhi S. Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Physiology in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Considerations for Healthy Aging. Front Neurol 2021; 12:735009. [PMID: 34589051 PMCID: PMC8473886 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.735009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contractile proteins require a constant supply of energy to produce force needed for movement. Energy (ATP) is primarily produced by mitochondrial organelles, located within and around muscle fibers, by oxidative phosphorylation that couples electron flux through the electron transport chain to create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that is in turn used by the ATP synthase. Mitochondrial networks increase in size by biogenesis to increase mitochondrial abundance and activity in response to endurance exercise, while their function and content reduce with constant inactivity, such as during muscle atrophy. During healthy aging, there is an overall decline in mitochondrial activity and abundance, increase in mitochondrial DNA mutations, potential increase in oxidative stress, and reduction in overall muscular capacity. Many of these alterations can be attenuated by consistent endurance exercise. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have significantly increased energetics of movement, reduced endurance capacity, and increased perceived effort. Recent work in leg muscles in ambulatory children with CP show a marked reduction in mitochondrial function. Arm muscles show that mitochondrial protein content and mitochondria DNA copy number are lower, suggesting a reduction in mitochondrial abundance, along with a reduction in markers for mitochondrial biogenesis. Gene expression networks are reduced for glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways and share similarities with gene networks with aging and chronic inactivity. Given the importance of mitochondria for energy production and changes with aging, future work needs to assess changes in mitochondria across the lifespan in people with CP and the effect of exercise on promoting metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Dayanidhi
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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268
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Maunder E, Plews DJ, Wallis GA, Brick MJ, Leigh WB, Chang WL, Stewart T, Watkins CM, Kilding AE. Peak fat oxidation is positively associated with vastus lateralis CD36 content, fed-state exercise fat oxidation, and endurance performance in trained males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:93-102. [PMID: 34562114 PMCID: PMC8475903 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whole-body fat oxidation during exercise can be measured non-invasively during athlete profiling. Gaps in understanding exist in the relationships between fat oxidation during incremental fasted exercise and skeletal muscle parameters, endurance performance, and fat oxidation during prolonged fed-state exercise. METHODS Seventeen endurance-trained males underwent a (i) fasted, incremental cycling test to assess peak whole-body fat oxidation (PFO), (ii) resting vastus lateralis microbiopsy, and (iii) 30-min maximal-effort cycling time-trial preceded by 2-h of fed-state moderate-intensity cycling to assess endurance performance and fed-state metabolism on separate occasions within one week. RESULTS PFO (0.58 ± 0.28 g.min-1) was associated with vastus lateralis citrate synthase activity (69.2 ± 26.0 μmol.min-1.g-1 muscle protein, r = 0.84, 95% CI 0.58, 0.95, P < 0.001), CD36 abundance (16.8 ± 12.6 μg.g-1 muscle protein, rs = 0.68, 95% CI 0.31, 1.10, P = 0.01), pre-loaded 30-min time-trial performance (251 ± 51 W, r = 0.76, 95% CI 0.40, 0.91, P = 0.001; 3.2 ± 0.6 W.kg-1, r = 0.62, 95% CI 0.16, 0.86, P = 0.01), and fat oxidation during prolonged fed-state cycling (r = 0.83, 95% CI 0.57, 0.94, P < 0.001). Addition of PFO to a traditional model of endurance (peak oxygen uptake, power at 4 mmol.L-1 blood lactate concentration, and gross efficiency) explained an additional ~ 2.6% of variation in 30-min time-trial performance (adjusted R2 = 0.903 vs. 0.877). CONCLUSION These associations suggest non-invasive measures of whole-body fat oxidation during exercise may be useful in the physiological profiling of endurance athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Maunder
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Daniel J Plews
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gareth A Wallis
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew J Brick
- Orthosports North Harbour, AUT Millennium, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren B Leigh
- Orthosports North Harbour, AUT Millennium, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wee-Leong Chang
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tom Stewart
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Casey M Watkins
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew E Kilding
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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269
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Impact of Silibinin A on Bioenergetics in PC12APP sw Cells and Mitochondrial Membrane Properties in Murine Brain Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101520. [PMID: 34679655 PMCID: PMC8533090 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related multifactorial diseases, such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer’s disease (AD), still remain a challenge to today’s society. One mechanism associated with AD and aging in general is mitochondrial dysfunction (MD). Increasing MD is suggested to trigger other pathological processes commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Silibinin A (SIL) is the main bioactive compound of the Silymarin extract from the Mediterranean plant Silybum marianum (L.) (GAERTN/Compositae). It is readily available as a herbal drug and well established in the treatment of liver diseases as a potent radical scavenger reducing lipid peroxidation and stabilize membrane properties. Recent data suggest that SIL might also act on neurological changes related to MD. PC12APPsw cells produce low levels of human Aβ and thus act as a cellular model of early AD showing changed mitochondrial function. We investigated whether SIL could affect mitochondrial function by measuring ATP, MMP, as well as respiration, mitochondrial mass, cellular ROS and lactate/pyruvate concentrations. Furthermore, we investigated its effects on the mitochondrial membrane parameters of swelling and fluidity in mitochondria isolated from the brains of mice. In PC12APPsw cells, SIL exhibits strong protective effects by rescuing MMP and ATP levels from SNP-induced mitochondrial damage and improving basal ATP levels. However, SIL did not affect mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial content. SIL significantly reduced cellular ROS and pyruvate concentrations. Incubation of murine brain mitochondria with SIL significantly reduces Ca2+ induced swelling and improves membrane fluidity. Although OXPHOS activity was unaffected at this early stage of a developing mitochondrial dysfunction, SIL showed protective effects on MMP, ATP- after SNP-insult and ROS-levels in APPsw-transfected PC12 cells. Results from experiments with isolated mitochondria imply that positive effects possibly result from an interaction of SIL with mitochondrial membranes and/or its antioxidant activity. Thus, SIL might be a promising compound to improve cellular health when changes to mitochondrial function occur.
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270
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Zuccarelli L, Baldassarre G, Magnesa B, Degano C, Comelli M, Gasparini M, Manferdelli G, Marzorati M, Mavelli I, Pilotto A, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Grassi B. Peripheral impairments of oxidative metabolism after a 10-day bed rest are upstream of mitochondrial respiration. J Physiol 2021; 599:4813-4829. [PMID: 34505290 PMCID: PMC9293208 DOI: 10.1113/jp281800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract In order to identify peripheral biomarkers of impaired oxidative metabolism during exercise following a 10‐day bed rest, 10 males performed an incremental exercise (to determine peak pulmonary V̇O2 (V̇O2p)) and moderate‐intensity exercises, before (PRE) and after (POST) bed rest. Blood flow response was evaluated in the common femoral artery by Eco‐Doppler during 1 min of passive leg movements (PLM). The intramuscular matching between O2 delivery and O2 utilization was evaluated by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Mitochondrial respiration was evaluated ex vivo by high‐resolution respirometry in isolated muscle fibres, and in vivo by NIRS by the evaluation of skeletal muscle V̇O2 (V̇O2m) recovery kinetics. Resting V̇O2m was estimated by NIRS. Peak V̇O2p was lower in POST vs. PRE. The area under the blood flow vs. time curve during PLM was smaller (P = 0.03) in POST (274 ± 233 mL) vs. PRE (427 ± 291). An increased (P = 0.03) overshoot of muscle deoxygenation during a metabolic transition was identified in POST. Skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity was not different (P = 0.11) in POST (131 ± 16 nmol min–1 mg–1) vs. PRE (138 ± 19). Maximal ADP‐stimulated mitochondrial respiration (66 ± 18 pmol s–1 mg–1 (POST) vs. 72 ± 14 (PRE), P = 0.41) was not affected by bed rest. Apparent Km for ADP sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration was reduced in POST vs. PRE (P = 0.04). The V̇O2m recovery time constant was not different (P = 0.79) in POST (22 ± 6 s) vs. PRE (22 ± 6). Resting V̇O2m was reduced by 25% in POST vs. PRE (P = 0.006). Microvascular‐endothelial function was impaired following a 10‐day bed rest, whereas mitochondrial mass and function (both in vivo and ex vivo) were unaffected or slightly enhanced. Key points Ten days of horizontal bed rest impaired in vivo oxidative function during exercise. Microvascular impairments were identified by different methods. Mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial function (evaluated both in vivo and ex vivo) were unchanged or even improved (i.e. enhanced mitochondrial sensitivity to submaximal [ADP]). Resting muscle oxygen uptake was significantly lower following bed rest, suggesting that muscle catabolic processes induced by bed rest/inactivity are less energy‐consuming than anabolic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marina Comelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Manferdelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Marzorati
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Mavelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Pilotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Porcelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Letizia Rasica
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute of Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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271
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Kuefner MS, Stephenson E, Savikj M, Smallwood HS, Dong Q, Payré C, Lambeau G, Park EA. Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A) augments adipose tissue thermogenesis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21881. [PMID: 34478587 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002481rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A) hydrolyzes glycerophospholipids at the sn-2 position resulting in the release of fatty acids and lysophospholipids. C57BL/6 mice do not express Pla2g2a due to a frameshift mutation (wild-type [WT] mice). We previously reported that transgenic expression of human PLA2G2A in C57BL/6 mice (IIA+ mice) protects against weight gain and insulin resistance, in part by increasing total energy expenditure. Additionally, we found that brown and white adipocytes from IIA+ mice have increased expression of mitochondrial uncoupling markers, such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator, and PR domain containing 16, suggesting that the energy expenditure phenotype might be due to an increased thermogenic capacity in adipose tissue. Here, we further characterize the impact of PLA2G2A on thermogenic mechanisms in adipose tissue. Metabolic analysis of WT and IIA+ mice revealed that even when housed within their thermoneutral zone, IIA+ mice have elevated energy expenditure compared to WT littermates. Increased energy expenditure in IIA+ mice is associated with increased citrate synthase activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increased mitochondrial respiration in both brown and white adipocytes. We also observed that direct addition of recombinant PLA2G2A enzyme to in vitro cultured adipocytes results in the marked induction of UCP1 protein expression. Finally, we report that PLA2G2A induces the expression of numerous transcripts related to energy substrate transport and metabolism in BAT, suggestive of an increase in substrate flux to fuel BAT activity. These data demonstrate that PLA2G2A enhances adipose tissue thermogenesis, in part, through elevated substrate delivery and increased mitochondrial content in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Kuefner
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erin Stephenson
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies and Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
| | - Mladen Savikj
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qingming Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christine Payré
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Edwards A Park
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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272
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Picard M. Blood mitochondrial DNA copy number: What are we counting? Mitochondrion 2021; 60:1-11. [PMID: 34157430 PMCID: PMC8464495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is growing scientific interest to develop scalable biological measures that capture mitochondrial (dys)function. Mitochondria have their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). It has been proposed that the number of mtDNA copies per cell (mtDNA copy number; mtDNAcn) reflects mitochondrial health. The common availability of stored DNA material or existing DNA sequencing data, especially from blood and other easy-to-collect samples, has made its quantification a popular approach in clinical and epidemiological studies. However, the interpretation of mtDNAcn is not univocal, and either a reduction or elevation in mtDNAcn can indicate dysfunction. The major determinants of blood-derived mtDNAcn are the heterogeneous cell type composition of leukocytes and platelet abundance, which can change with time of day, aging, and with disease. Hematopoiesis is a likely driver of blood mtDNAcn. Here we discuss the rationale and available methods to quantify mtDNAcn, the influence of blood cell type variations, and consider important gaps in knowledge that need to be resolved to maximize the scientific value around the investigation of blood mtDNAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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273
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Tsilingiris D, Tzeravini E, Koliaki C, Dalamaga M, Kokkinos A. The Role of Mitochondrial Adaptation and Metabolic Flexibility in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Insulin Resistance: an Updated Overview. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:191-213. [PMID: 33840072 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The term "metabolic flexibility" denotes the dynamic responses of the cellular oxidative machinery in order to adapt to changes in energy substrate availability. A progressive loss of this adaptive capacity has been implicated in the development of obesity-related comorbidities. Mitochondria are dynamic intracellular organelles which play a fundamental role in energy metabolism, and the mitochondrial adaptation to environmental challenges may be viewed as the functional component of metabolic flexibility. Herein, we attempt to comprehensively review the available evidence regarding the role of mitochondrial adaptation and metabolic flexibility in the pathogenesis of obesity and related morbidities, namely insulin resistance states and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RECENT FINDINGS Overall, there is a concrete body of evidence to support the presence of impaired mitochondrial adaptation as a principal component of systemic metabolic inflexibility in conditions related to obesity. There are still many unresolved questions regarding the relationship between the gradual loss of mitochondrial adaptability and the progression of obesity-related complications, such as causality issues, the timely appearance and reversibility of the described disturbances, and the generalizability of the findings to the mitochondrial content of every affected tissue or organ. The evidence regarding the causality between the observed associations remains inconclusive, although most of the available data points towards a bidirectional, potentially mutually amplifying relationship. The spectrum of NAFLD is of particular interest, since functional and pathological changes in the course of its development closely mirror the progression of dysmetabolism, if not constituting a dynamic component of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Evangelia Tzeravini
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysi Koliaki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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274
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Davies KL, Camm EJ, Smith DJ, Vaughan OR, Forhead AJ, Murray AJ, Fowden AL. Glucocorticoid maturation of mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle before birth. J Endocrinol 2021; 251:53-68. [PMID: 34321363 PMCID: PMC8428072 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In adults, glucocorticoids act to match the supply and demand for energy during physiological challenges, partly through actions on tissue mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity. However, little is known about the role of the natural prepartum rise in fetal glucocorticoid concentrations in preparing tissues for the increased postnatal energy demands. This study examined the effect of manipulating cortisol concentrations in fetal sheep during late gestation on mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity of two skeletal muscles with different postnatal locomotive functions. Mitochondrial content, biogenesis markers, respiratory rates and expression of proteins and genes involved in the electron transfer system (ETS) and OXPHOS efficiency were measured in the biceps femoris (BF) and superficial digital flexor (SDF) of fetuses either infused with cortisol before the prepartum rise or adrenalectomised to prevent this increment. Cortisol infusion increased mitochondrial content, biogenesis markers, substrate-specific respiration rates and abundance of ETS complex I and adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT1) in a muscle-specific manner that was more pronounced in the SDF than BF. Adrenalectomy reduced mitochondrial content and expression of PGC1α and ANT1 in both muscles, and ETS complex IV abundance in the SDF near term. Uncoupling protein gene expression was unaffected by cortisol manipulations in both muscles. Gene expression of the myosin heavy chain isoform, MHCIIx, was increased by cortisol infusion and reduced by adrenalectomy in the BF alone. These findings show that cortisol has a muscle-specific role in prepartum maturation of mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity with important implications for the health of neonates born pre-term or after intrauterine glucocorticoid overexposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Davies
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E J Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - D J Smith
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - O R Vaughan
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - A J Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - A J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to A L Fowden:
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275
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Mao X, Gu Y, Sui X, Shen L, Han J, Wang H, Xi Q, Zhuang Q, Meng Q, Wu G. Phosphorylation of Dynamin-Related Protein 1 (DRP1) Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics and Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673618. [PMID: 34422804 PMCID: PMC8375307 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle atrophy, and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Recent research studies have shed light on a noteworthy link between mitochondrial dynamics and muscle physiology. In the present study, we investigate the role of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a pivotal factor of mitochondrial dynamics, in myotube atrophy during cancer-associated cachexia. Methods Seventy-six surgical patients, including gastrointestinal tumor and benign disease, were enrolled in the study and divided to three groups: control, non-cachexia, and cancer-associated cachexia. Demographic data were collected. Their rectus abdominis samples were acquired intraoperatively. Muscle fiber size, markers of ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), mitochondrial ultrastructure, and markers of mitochondrial function and dynamics were assayed. A cachexia model in vitro was established via coculturing a C2C12 myotube with media from C26 colon cancer cells. A specific DRP1 inhibitor, Mdivi-1, and a lentivirus of DRP1 knockdown/overexpression were used to regulate the expression of DRP1. Muscle diameter, mitochondrial morphology, mass, reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane potential, and markers of UPS, mitochondrial function, and dynamics were determined. Results Patients of cachexia suffered from a conspicuous worsened nutrition status and muscle loss compared to patients of other groups. Severe mitochondrial swelling and enlarged area were observed, and partial alterations in mitochondrial function were found in muscle. Analysis of mitochondrial dynamics indicated an upregulation of phosphorylated DRP1 at the ser616 site. In vitro, cancer media resulted in the atrophy of myotube. This was accompanied with a prominent unbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, as well as enhanced mitochondrial ROS and decreased mitochondrial function and membrane potential. However, certain concentrations of Mdivi-1 and DRP1 knockdown rebalanced the mitochondrial dynamics, mitigating this negative phenotype caused by cachexia. Moreover, overexpression of DRP1 aggravated these phenomena. Conclusion In clinical patients, cachexia induces abnormal mitochondrial changes and possible fission activation for the atrophied muscle. Our cachexia model in vitro further demonstrates that unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics contributes to this atrophy and mitochondrial impairment, and rebuilding the balance by regulating of DRP1 could ameliorate these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Mao
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Gu
- Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Sui
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiulei Xi
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiulin Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohao Wu
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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276
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Tardo-Dino PE, Taverny C, Siracusa J, Bourdon S, Baugé S, Koulmann N, Malgoyre A. Effect of heat acclimation on metabolic adaptations induced by endurance training in soleus rat muscle. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14686. [PMID: 34405575 PMCID: PMC8371354 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic training leads to well‐known systemic metabolic and muscular alterations. Heat acclimation may also increase mitochondrial muscle mass. We studied the effects of heat acclimation combined with endurance training on metabolic adaptations of skeletal muscle. Thirty‐two rats were divided into four groups: control (C), trained (T), heat‐acclimated (H), and trained with heat acclimation (H+T) for 6 weeks. Soleus muscle metabolism was studied, notably by the in situ measurement of mitochondrial respiration with pyruvate (Pyr) or palmitoyl‐coenzyme A (PCoA), under phosphorylating conditions (V˙max) or not (V˙0). Aerobic performance increased, and retroperitoneal fat mass decreased with training, independently of heat exposure (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Citrate synthase and hydroxyl‐acyl‐dehydrogenase activity increased with endurance training (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), without any effect of heat acclimation. Training induced an increase of the V˙0 and V˙max for PCoA (p < .001 and p < .01, respectively), without interference with heat acclimation. The training‐induced increase of V˙0 (p < 0.01) for pyruvate oxidation was limited when combined with heat acclimation (−23%, p < 0.01). Training and heat acclimation independently increased the V˙max for pyruvate (+60% p < 0.001 and +50% p = 0.01, respectively), without an additive effect of the combination. Heat acclimation doubled the training effect on muscle glycogen storage (p < 0.001). Heat acclimation did not improve mitochondrial adaptations induced by endurance training in the soleus muscle, possibly limiting the alteration of carbohydrate oxidation while not facilitating fatty‐acid utilization. Furthermore, the increase in glycogen storage observed after HA combined with endurance training, without the improvement of pyruvate oxidation, appears to be a hypoxic metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Tardo-Dino
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.,EDISS 205, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Cindy Taverny
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Julien Siracusa
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Stéphanie Bourdon
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Stéphane Baugé
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Nathalie Koulmann
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.,EDISS 205, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
| | - Alexandra Malgoyre
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France.,LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 91025, France
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277
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The Role of Mitochondrial Function in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Insights from Translational Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168478. [PMID: 34445191 PMCID: PMC8395190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrates an involvement of impaired mitochondrial function in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) development. Specific impairments have been assessed by different methodological in-vivo (near-infrared spectroscopy, 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy), as well as in-vitro approaches (Western blotting of mitochondrial proteins and enzymes, assays of mitochondrial function and content). While effects differ with regard to disease severity, chronic malperfusion impacts subcellular energy homeostasis, and repeating cycles of ischemia and reperfusion contribute to PAD disease progression by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and impairing mitochondrial function. With the leading clinical symptom of decreased walking capacity due to intermittent claudication, PAD patients suffer from a subsequent reduction of quality of life. Different treatment modalities, such as physical activity and revascularization procedures, can aid mitochondrial recovery. While the relevance of these modalities for mitochondrial functional recovery is still a matter of debate, recent research indicates the importance of revascularization procedures, with increased physical activity levels being a subordinate contributor, at least during mild stages of PAD. With an additional focus on the role of revascularization procedures on mitochondria and the identification of suitable mitochondrial markers in PAD, this review aims to critically evaluate the relevance of mitochondrial function in PAD development and progression.
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278
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Jacobs RA, Aboouf MA, Koester-Hegmann C, Muttathukunnel P, Laouafa S, Arias-Reyes C, Thiersch M, Soliz J, Gassmann M, Schneider Gasser EM. Erythropoietin promotes hippocampal mitochondrial function and enhances cognition in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:938. [PMID: 34354241 PMCID: PMC8342552 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) improves neuronal mitochondrial function and cognition in adults after brain injury and in those afflicted by psychiatric disorders. However, the influence of EPO on mitochondria and cognition during development remains unexplored. We previously observed that EPO stimulates hippocampal-specific neuronal maturation and synaptogenesis early in postnatal development in mice. Here we show that EPO promotes mitochondrial respiration in developing postnatal hippocampus by increasing mitochondrial content and enhancing cellular respiratory potential. Ultrastructurally, mitochondria profiles and total vesicle content were greater in presynaptic axon terminals, suggesting that EPO enhances oxidative metabolism and synaptic transmission capabilities. Behavioural tests of hippocampus-dependent memory at early adulthood, showed that EPO improves spatial and short-term memory. Collectively, we identify a role for EPO in the murine postnatal hippocampus by promoting mitochondrial function throughout early postnatal development, which corresponds to enhanced cognition by early adulthood. Robert Jacobs, Mostafa Aboouf, et al. examined the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) in hippocampal mitochondrial function and memory in two mouse models: one overexpressing EPO in the brain, and juvenile mice treated during three days with a high dose of intraperitoneal EPO. Their results suggest that erythropoietin in the neonatal brain may impact spatial memory by increasing mitochondrial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Jacobs
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Human Physiology & Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIPH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christina Koester-Hegmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Muttathukunnel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sofien Laouafa
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Arias-Reyes
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIPH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIPH), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edith M Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
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279
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van der Zwaard S, Brocherie F, Jaspers RT. Under the Hood: Skeletal Muscle Determinants of Endurance Performance. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:719434. [PMID: 34423293 PMCID: PMC8371266 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.719434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, researchers have extensively studied (elite) athletes' physiological responses to understand how to maximize their endurance performance. In endurance sports, whole-body measurements such as the maximal oxygen consumption, lactate threshold, and efficiency/economy play a key role in performance. Although these determinants are known to interact, it has also been demonstrated that athletes rarely excel in all three. The leading question is how athletes reach exceptional values in one or all of these determinants to optimize their endurance performance, and how such performance can be explained by (combinations of) underlying physiological determinants. In this review, we advance on Joyner and Coyle's conceptual framework of endurance performance, by integrating a meta-analysis of the interrelationships, and corresponding effect sizes between endurance performance and its key physiological determinants at the macroscopic (whole-body) and the microscopic level (muscle tissue, i.e., muscle fiber oxidative capacity, oxygen supply, muscle fiber size, and fiber type). Moreover, we discuss how these physiological determinants can be improved by training and what potential physiological challenges endurance athletes may face when trying to maximize their performance. This review highlights that integrative assessment of skeletal muscle determinants points toward efficient type-I fibers with a high mitochondrial oxidative capacity and strongly encourages well-adjusted capillarization and myoglobin concentrations to accommodate the required oxygen flux during endurance performance, especially in large muscle fibers. Optimisation of endurance performance requires careful design of training interventions that fine tune modulation of exercise intensity, frequency and duration, and particularly periodisation with respect to the skeletal muscle determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan van der Zwaard
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Franck Brocherie
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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280
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Esselun C, Theyssen E, Eckert GP. Effects of Urolithin A on Mitochondrial Parameters in a Cellular Model of Early Alzheimer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158333. [PMID: 34361099 PMCID: PMC8347929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ellagitannins are natural products occurring in pomegranate and walnuts. They are hydrolyzed in the gut to release ellagic acid, which is further metabolized by the microflora into urolithins, such as urolithin A (UA). Accumulation of damaged mitochondria is a hallmark of aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective activity of the metabolite UA against mitochondrial dysfunction in a cellular model of early Alzheimer disease (AD). (2) Methods: In the present study we used SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells and its corresponding controls (SH-SY5Ymock) to assess UA’s effect on mitochondrial function. Using these cells we investigated mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, autophagy and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells treated with UA. Furthermore, we assessed UA’s effect on the expression of genes related to mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). (3) Results: Treatment of SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells suggests changes to autophagy corresponding with qRT-PCR results. However, LC3B-I, LC3B-II, and p62 levels were unchanged. UA (10 µM) reduced MMP, and ATP-levels. Treatment of cells with UA (1 µM) for 24 h did not affect ROS production or levels of Aβ, but significantly increased expression of genes for mitochondrial biogenesis and OXPHOS. Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A (TFAM) expression was specifically increased in SH-SY5Y-APP695. Both cell lines showed unaltered levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), which is commonly associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. Results imply that biogenesis might be facilitated by estrogen-related receptor (ESRR) genes. (4) Conclusion: Urolithin A shows no effect on autophagy in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells and its effect on mitochondrial function is limited. Instead, data suggests that UA treatment induces hormetic effects as it induces transcription of several genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis.
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281
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Jacques M, Landen S, Alvarez Romero J, Yan X, Garnham A, Hiam D, Siegwald M, Mercier E, Hecksteden A, Eynon N, Voisin S. Individual physiological and mitochondrial responses during 12 weeks of intensified exercise. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14962. [PMID: 34327858 PMCID: PMC8322753 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Observed effects of exercise are highly variable between individuals, and subject-by-training interaction (i.e., individual response variability) is often not estimated. Here, we measured mitochondrial (citrate synthetase, cytochrome-c oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial copy-number), performance markers (Wpeak , lactate threshold [LT], and VO2peak ), and fiber type proportions/expression (type I, type IIa, and type IIx) in multiple time points during 12-week of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to investigate effects of exercise at the individual level. METHODS Sixteen young (age: 33.1 ± 9.0 years), healthy men (VO2peak 35-60 ml/min/kg and BMI: 26.4 ± 4.2) from the Gene SMART study completed 12-week of progressive HIIT. Performance markers and muscle biopsies were collected every 4 weeks. We used mixed-models and bivariate growth models to quantify individual response and to estimate correlations between variables. RESULTS All performance markers exhibited significant (Wpeak 0.56 ± 0.33 p = 0.003, LT 0.37 ± 0.35 p = 0.007, VO2peak 3.81 ± 6.13 p = 0.02) increases overtime, with subject-by-training interaction being present (95% CI: Wpeak 0.09-0.24, LT 0.06-0.18, VO2peak 0.27-2.32). All other measurements did not exhibit significant changes. Fiber type IIa proportions at baseline was significantly associated with all physiological variables (p < 0.05), and citrate synthetase and cytochrome-c oxidase levels at baseline and overtime (i.e., intercept and slope) presented significant covariance (p < 0.05). Finally, low correlations between performance and mitochondrial markers were observed. CONCLUSION We identified a significant subject-by-training interaction for the performance markers. While for all other measures within-subject variability was too large and interindividual differences in training efficacy could not be verified. Changes in measurements in response to exercise were not correlated, and such disconnection should be further investigated by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)MelbourneAustralia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | | | | | - Anne Hecksteden
- Institute of Sports and Preventive MedicineSaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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282
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Costa JSR, Fonseca GFAC, Ottone NCDS, Silva PA, Antonaccio RF, Silva G, Rocha MDSA, Coimbra CC, Esteves EA, Mang ZA, Amorim FT, Magalhães FDC. Strength training improves insulin resistance and differently affects mitochondria in skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in high-fat fed mice. Life Sci 2021; 278:119639. [PMID: 34043987 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Strength training (ST) improves insulin resistance and glucose tolerance by yet unknown mechanisms. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of ST on mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, on heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in skeletal muscle, and on visceral adipocyte size in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Balb/c mice were divided into sedentary control-chow (C-chow), strength trained-chow (ST-chow), sedentary control-HFD (C-HFD) and strength trained-HFD (ST-HFD). Diet was provided for 12 weeks, while ladder climbing ST was performed for the final six weeks of the study at a frequency of three days per week. KEY FINDINGS Strength training led to increased strength, muscular endurance, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Compared to the C-HFD group, mice in the ST-HFD group decreased their whole-body insulin resistance, improved their glucose tolerance, and had higher activation of the insulin pathway in skeletal muscle. ST increased citrate synthase (CS) activity in skeletal muscle, but this increase was blunted in ST-HFD. Conversely, HFD reduced adipose tissue CS activity regardless of training status. Hsp72 content was reduced in C-HFD, but returned to control levels in ST-HFD. Finally, reduced epididymal adipocyte size was observed in ST-HFD. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the improvement in insulin resistance induced by ST is related to mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle, but not in adipose tissue. Moreover, this improvement might be related to increased skeletal muscle Hsp72 and reduced epididymal adipocyte size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sales Rodrigues Costa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Graciene Fernandes Araújo Campos Fonseca
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Natielle Cecília Dos Santos Ottone
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Patrick Almeida Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Romulo Fernandes Antonaccio
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Maíra da Silva Almeida Rocha
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Candido Celso Coimbra
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Zachary A Mang
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.
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283
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Sirtuin 5 depletion impairs mitochondrial function in human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15510. [PMID: 34330933 PMCID: PMC8324880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia is a major cause of kidney damage. Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are highly susceptible to ischemic insults that frequently cause acute kidney injury (AKI), a potentially life-threatening condition with high mortality. Accumulating evidence has identified altered mitochondrial function as a central pathologic feature of AKI. The mitochondrial NAD+-dependent enzyme sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a key regulator of mitochondrial form and function, but its role in ischemic renal injury (IRI) is unknown. SIRT5 expression was increased in murine PTECs after IRI in vivo and in human PTECs (hPTECs) exposed to an oxygen/nutrient deprivation (OND) model of IRI in vitro. SIRT5-depletion impaired ATP production, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and provoked mitochondrial fragmentation in hPTECs. Moreover, SIRT5 RNAi exacerbated OND-induced mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and swelling, and increased degradation by mitophagy. These findings suggest SIRT5 is required for normal mitochondrial function in hPTECs and indicate a potentially important role for the enzyme in the regulation of mitochondrial biology in ischemia.
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284
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Dumont AA, Dumont L, Zhou D, Giguère H, Pileggi C, Harper ME, Blondin DP, Scott MS, Auger-Messier M. Cardiomyocyte-specific Srsf3 deletion reveals a mitochondrial regulatory role. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21544. [PMID: 33819356 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002293rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Serine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) was recently reported as being necessary to preserve RNA stability via an mTOR mechanism in a cardiac mouse model in adulthood. Here, we demonstrate the link between Srsf3 and mitochondrial integrity in an embryonic cardiomyocyte-specific Srsf3 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model. Fifteen-day-old Srsf3 cKO mice showed dramatically reduced (below 50%) survival and reduced the left ventricular systolic performance, and histological analysis of these hearts revealed a significant increase in cardiomyocyte size, confirming the severe remodeling induced by Srsf3 deletion. RNA-seq analysis of the hearts of 5-day-old Srsf3 cKO mice revealed early changes in expression levels and alternative splicing of several transcripts related to mitochondrial integrity and oxidative phosphorylation. Likewise, the levels of several protein complexes of the electron transport chain decreased, and mitochondrial complex I-driven respiration of permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers from the left ventricle was impaired. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy analysis showed disordered mitochondrial length and cristae structure. Together with its indispensable role in the physiological maintenance of mouse hearts, these results highlight the previously unrecognized function of Srsf3 in regulating the mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey-Ann Dumont
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lauralyne Dumont
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Delong Zhou
- Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Chantal Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Département de Biochimie et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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285
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Zhou Z, Vidales J, González-Reyes JA, Shibata B, Baar K, Rutkowsky JM, Ramsey JJ. A 1-Month Ketogenic Diet Increased Mitochondrial Mass in Red Gastrocnemius Muscle, but Not in the Brain or Liver of Middle-Aged Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082533. [PMID: 34444693 PMCID: PMC8401881 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in markers of mitochondrial content with ketogenic diets (KD) have been reported in tissues of rodents, but morphological quantification of mitochondrial mass using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the gold standard for mitochondrial quantification, is needed to further validate these findings and look at specific regions of interest within a tissue. In this study, red gastrocnemius muscle, the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, and the liver left lobe were used to investigate the impact of a 1-month KD on mitochondrial content in healthy middle-aged mice. The results showed that in red gastrocnemius muscle, the fractional area of both subsarcolemmal (SSM) and intermyofibrillar (IMM) mitochondria was increased, and this was driven by an increase in the number of mitochondria. Mitochondrial fractional area or number was not altered in the liver, prefrontal cortex, or hippocampus following 1 month of a KD. These results demonstrate tissue-specific changes in mitochondrial mass with a short-term KD and highlight the need to study different muscle groups or tissue regions with TEM to thoroughly determine the effects of a KD on mitochondrial mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.V.)
| | - Jocelyn Vidales
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.V.)
| | - José A. González-Reyes
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Bradley Shibata
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Jennifer M. Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.R.); (J.J.R.)
| | - Jon J. Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.R.); (J.J.R.)
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286
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Nord A, Metcalfe NB, Page JL, Huxtable A, McCafferty DJ, Dawson NJ. Avian red blood cell mitochondria produce more heat in winter than in autumn. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21490. [PMID: 33829547 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100107r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endotherms in cold regions improve heat-producing capacity when preparing for winter. We know comparatively little about how this change is fueled by seasonal adaptation in cellular respiration. Thus, we studied the changes of mitochondrial function in red blood cells in sympatric Coal (Periparus ater), Blue (Cyanistes caeruleus), and Great (Parus major) tits between autumn and winter. These species differ more than twofold in body mass and in several aspects of their foraging ecology and social dominance, which could require differential seasonal adaptation of energy expenditure. Coal and Great tits in particular upregulated the mitochondrial respiration rate and mitochondrial volume in winter. This was not directed toward ATP synthesis, instead reflecting increased uncoupling of electron transport from ATP production. Because uncoupling is exothermic, this increased heat-producing capacity at the sub-cellular level in winter. This previously unexplored the route of thermogenesis in birds should be addressed in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Nord
- Department of Biology, Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer L Page
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, UK
| | - Anna Huxtable
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, UK
| | - Dominic J McCafferty
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, UK
| | - Neal J Dawson
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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287
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Davies KL, Smith DJ, El-Bacha T, Stewart ME, Easwaran A, Wooding PFP, Forhead AJ, Murray AJ, Fowden AL, Camm EJ. Development of cerebral mitochondrial respiratory function is impaired by thyroid hormone deficiency before birth in a region-specific manner. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21591. [PMID: 33891344 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100075r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones regulate adult metabolism partly through actions on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). They also affect neurological development of the brain, but their role in cerebral OXPHOS before birth remains largely unknown, despite the increase in cerebral energy demand during the neonatal period. Thus, this study examined prepartum development of cerebral OXPHOS in hypothyroid fetal sheep. Using respirometry, Complex I (CI), Complex II (CII), and combined CI&CII OXPHOS capacity were measured in the fetal cerebellum and cortex at 128 and 142 days of gestational age (dGA) after surgical thyroidectomy or sham operation at 105 dGA (term ~145 dGA). Mitochondrial electron transfer system (ETS) complexes, mRNA transcripts related to mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production, and mitochondrial density were quantified using molecular techniques. Cerebral morphology was assessed by immunohistochemistry and stereology. In the cortex, hypothyroidism reduced CI-linked respiration and CI abundance at 128 dGA and 142 dGA, respectively, and caused upregulation of PGC1α (regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis) and thyroid hormone receptor β at 128 dGA and 142 dGA, respectively. In contrast, in the cerebellum, hypothyroidism reduced CI&II- and CII-linked respiration at 128 dGA, with no significant effect on the ETS complexes. In addition, cerebellar glucocorticoid hormone receptor and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT1) were downregulated at 128 dGA and 142 dGA, respectively. These alterations in mitochondrial function were accompanied by reduced myelination. The findings demonstrate the importance of thyroid hormones in the prepartum maturation of cerebral mitochondria and have implications for the etiology and treatment of the neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with human prematurity and congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Davies
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Danielle J Smith
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tatiana El-Bacha
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Max E Stewart
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Akshay Easwaran
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter F P Wooding
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison J Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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288
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Brandão SR, Reis-Mendes A, Domingues P, Duarte JA, Bastos ML, Carvalho F, Ferreira R, Costa VM. Exploring the aging effect of the anticancer drugs doxorubicin and mitoxantrone on cardiac mitochondrial proteome using a murine model. Toxicology 2021; 459:152852. [PMID: 34246718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current cancer therapies are successfully increasing the lifespan of cancer patients. Nevertheless, cardiotoxicity is a serious chemotherapy-induced adverse side effect. Doxorubicin (DOX) and mitoxantrone (MTX) are cardiotoxic anticancer agents, whose toxicological mechanisms are still to be identified. This study focused on DOX and MTX's cardiac mitochondrial damage and their molecular mechanisms. As a hypothesis, we also sought to compare the cardiac modulation caused by 9 mg/kg of DOX or 6 mg/kg of MTX in young adult mice (3 months old) with old control mice (aged control, 18-20 months old) to determine if DOX- and MTX-induced damage had common links with the aging process. Cardiac homogenates and enriched mitochondrial fractions were prepared from treated and control animals and analyzed by immunoblotting and enzymatic assays. Enriched mitochondrial fractions were also characterized by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Data obtained showed a decrease in mitochondrial density in young adults treated with DOX or MTX and aged control, as assessed by citrate synthase (CS) activity. Furthermore, aged control had increased expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC1α) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Regarding the enriched mitochondrial fractions, DOX and MTX led to downregulation of proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, amino acid metabolic process, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. MTX had a greater impact on malate dehydrogenase (MDH2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit α (PDHA1). No significant proteomic changes were observed in the enriched mitochondrial fractions of aged control when compared to young control. To conclude, DOX and MTX promoted changes in several mitochondrial-related proteins in young adult mice, but none resembling the aged phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Reis Brandão
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Reis-Mendes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Portugal; TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Maria Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal.
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289
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Platelet Apoptotic Response May Be Associated With the Capacity of Aspirin to Inhibit Platelets. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:584-591. [PMID: 33170592 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An inadequate platelet response to aspirin (ASA) has been identified in some patients under chronic ASA treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze if ASA-sensitive and ASA-resistant platelets have differences in their apoptotic capability. Clinically stable ischemic coronary patients who had been taking ASA (100 mg/d) for at least 9 months before inclusion were divided into ASA-resistant (n = 11) and ASA-sensitive (n = 13) groups as defined by the PFA-100 test. Platelets from ASA-sensitive patients showed higher expression of the proapoptotic proteins Bak and Bax than those from ASA-resistant patients, although only Bak protein remained different when the results were adjusted by age. In resting platelets, neither caspase-3 activity nor cytosolic cytochrome C levels were different between both experimental groups. Stimulation of platelets with calcium ionophore (10 nmol/L, A23187) increased caspase-3 activity (1.91-fold higher; P < 0.05) and cytosolic cytochrome C levels (1.84-fold higher; P < 0.05) to a higher degree in ASA-sensitive than in ASA-resistant platelets. In conclusion, ASA-sensitive platelets seem to be better prepared to undergo apoptosis during robust platelet activation.
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290
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Rodrigues AC, Spagnol AR, Frias FDT, de Mendonça M, Araújo HN, Guimarães D, Silva WJ, Bolin AP, Murata GM, Silveira L. Intramuscular Injection of miR-1 Reduces Insulin Resistance in Obese Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:676265. [PMID: 34295259 PMCID: PMC8290840 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.676265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs in metabolic diseases has been recognized and modulation of them could be a promising strategy to treat obesity and obesity-related diseases. The major purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that intramuscular miR-1 precursor replacement therapy could improve metabolic parameters of mice fed a high-fat diet. To this end, we first injected miR-1 precursor intramuscularly in high-fat diet-fed mice and evaluated glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and adiposity. miR-1-treated mice did not lose weight but had improved insulin sensitivity measured by insulin tolerance test. Next, using an in vitro model of insulin resistance by treating C2C12 cells with palmitic acid (PA), we overexpressed miR-1 and measured p-Akt content and the transcription levels of a protein related to fatty acid oxidation. We found that miR-1 could not restore insulin sensitivity in C2C12 cells, as indicated by p-Akt levels and that miR-1 increased expression of Pgc1a and Cpt1b in PA-treated cells, suggesting a possible role of miR-1 in mitochondrial respiration. Finally, we analyzed mitochondrial oxygen consumption in primary skeletal muscle cells treated with PA and transfected with or without miR-1 mimic. PA-treated cells showed reduced basal respiration, oxygen consumption rate-linked ATP production, maximal and spare capacity, and miR-1 overexpression could prevent impairments in mitochondrial respiration. Our data suggest a role of miR-1 in systemic insulin sensitivity and a new function of miR-1 in regulating mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Spagnol
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Toledo Frias
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Mendonça
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hygor N Araújo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dimitrius Guimarães
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - William J Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anaysa Paola Bolin
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Department of Medical Clinics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Silveira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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291
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Hansen C, Olsen K, Pilegaard H, Bangsbo J, Gliemann L, Hellsten Y. High metabolic substrate load induces mitochondrial dysfunction in rat skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14855. [PMID: 34288561 PMCID: PMC8290479 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of glucose and palmitic acid (PA) on mitochondrial respiration and emission of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was determined in skeletal muscle-derived microvascular endothelial cells. Measurements were assessed in intact and permeabilized (cells treated with 0.025% saponin) low passage endothelial cells with acute-or prolonged (3 days) incubation with regular (1.7 mM) or elevated (2.2 mM) PA concentrations and regular (5 mM) or elevated (11 mM) glucose concentrations. In intact cells, acute incubation with 1.7 mM PA alone or with 1.7 mM PA + 5 mM glucose (p < .001) led to a lower mitochondrial respiration (p < 0.01) and markedly higher H2 O2 /O2 emission (p < 0.05) than with 5 mM glucose alone. Prolonged incubation of intact cells with 1.7 mM PA +5 mM glucose led to 34% (p < 0.05) lower respiration and 2.5-fold higher H2 O2 /O2 emission (p < 0.01) than incubation with 5 mM glucose alone. Prolonged incubation of intact cells with elevated glucose led to 60% lower (p < 0.05) mitochondrial respiration and 4.6-fold higher H2 O2 /O2 production than incubation with 5 mM glucose in intact cells (p < 0.001). All effects observed in intact cells were present also in permeabilized cells (State 2). In conclusion, our results show that acute and prolonged lipid availability, as well as prolonged hyperglycemia, induces mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by lower mitochondrial respiration and enhanced H2 O2/ O2 emission. Elevated plasma substrate availability may lead to microvascular dysfunction in skeletal muscle by impairing endothelial mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsCardiovascular Physiology GroupSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Karina Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsCardiovascular Physiology GroupSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Department of BiologySection of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsCardiovascular Physiology GroupSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsCardiovascular Physiology GroupSection of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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292
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Philp AM, Saner NJ, Lazarou M, Ganley IG, Philp A. The influence of aerobic exercise on mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2021; 599:3463-3476. [PMID: 33369731 DOI: 10.1113/jp279411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, intricately designed to meet cellular energy requirements. To accommodate alterations in energy demand, mitochondria have a high degree of plasticity, changing in response to transient activation of numerous stress-related pathways. This adaptive response is particularly relevant in highly metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle, where mitochondria support numerous biological processes related to metabolism, growth and regeneration. Aerobic exercise is a potent stimulus for skeletal muscle remodelling, leading to alterations in substrate utilisation, fibre-type composition and performance. Underlying these physiological responses is a change in mitochondrial quality control (MQC), a term encompassing the co-ordination of mitochondrial synthesis (biogenesis), remodelling (dynamics) and degradation (mitophagy) pathways. Understanding of MQC in skeletal muscle and the regulatory role of aerobic exercise of this process are rapidly advancing, as are the molecular techniques allowing the study of MQC in vivo. Given the emerging link between MQC and the onset of numerous non-communicable diseases, understanding the molecular regulation of MQC, and the role of aerobic exercise in this process, will have substantial future impact on therapeutic approaches to manipulate MQC and maintain mitochondrial function across health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M Philp
- Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Saner
- Sports Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G Ganley
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew Philp
- Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
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293
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Decker ST, Kwon OS, Zhao J, Hoidal JR, Heuckstadt T, Richardson RS, Sanders KA, Layec G. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations induced by long-term cigarette smoke exposure. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E80-E89. [PMID: 34121449 PMCID: PMC8321829 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00544.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Because patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often physically inactive, it is still unclear whether the lower respiratory capacity in the locomotor muscles of these patients is due to cigarette smoking per se or is secondary to physical deconditioning. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine mitochondrial alterations in the quadriceps muscle of 10 mice exposed to 8 mo of cigarette smoke, a sedentary mouse model of emphysema, and 9 control mice, using immunoblotting, spectrophotometry, and high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized muscle fibers. Mice exposed to smoke displayed a twofold increase in the oxidative stress marker, 4-HNE, (P < 0.05) compared with control mice. This was accompanied by significant decrease in protein expression of UCP3 (65%), ANT (58%), and mitochondrial complexes II-V (∼60%-75%). In contrast, maximal ADP-stimulated respiration with complex I and II substrates (CON: 23.6 ± 6.6 and SMO: 19.2 ± 8.2 ρM·mg-1·s-1) or octanoylcarnitine (CON: 21.8 ± 9.0 and SMO: 16.5 ± 6.6 ρM·mg-1·s-1) measured in permeabilized muscle fibers, as well as citrate synthase activity, were not significantly different between groups. Collectively, our findings revealed that sedentary mice exposed to cigarette smoke for 8 mo, which is typically associated with pulmonary inflammation and emphysema, exhibited a preserved mitochondrial respiratory capacity for various substrates, including fatty acid, in the skeletal muscle. However, the mitochondrial adaptations induced by cigarette smoke favored the development of chronic oxidative stress, which can indirectly contribute to augment the susceptibility to muscle fatigue and exercise intolerance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is unclear whether the exercise intolerance and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction observed in patients with COPD is due to cigarette smoke exposure, per se, or if they are secondary consequences to inactivity. Herein, while long-term exposure to cigarette smoke induces oxidative stress and an altered skeletal muscle phenotype, cigarette smoke does not directly contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. With this evidence, we demonstrate the critical role of physical inactivity in cigarette smoke-related skeletal muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Decker
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Oh-Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- UConn Center on Aging and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jia Zhao
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John R Hoidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Thomas Heuckstadt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Karl A Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Institute of Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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294
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Skeletal muscle of torpid Richardson's ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii) exhibits a less active form of citrate synthase associated with lowered lysine succinylation. Cryobiology 2021; 101:28-37. [PMID: 34186087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hibernation is a metabolic/physiological strategy employed by many mammals to cope with periods when energy usage is greater than its input. Animals undergoing hibernation need to greatly reduce their metabolic rate and reshape their catabolic processes to survive on stored triglycerides. Citrate synthase (CS) is one of only two irreversible steps in the citric acid cycle (CAC) and forms an important regulatory checkpoint that gates the entry of acetyl-CoA formed in glycolysis or fatty acid catabolism into this critical central metabolic hub. This study investigated the regulation of citrate synthase in the muscle tissue of a small mammalian hibernator through comparison of functional and structural properties. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the Vmax of purified torpid CS compared to the control euthermic enzyme (1.2-1.7 fold greater in the control) that was evident over a wide range of temperatures (8, 22 and 37 °C) that are encountered by the enzyme in hibernation. This was also reflected in the specific activity of the enzyme in crude muscle protein extracts. Analyzing the purified CS through immunoblotting demonstrated that the enzyme contained noticeably less lysine succinylation in the torpid state (about 50% of euthermic levels) and this was correlated with an increase in total levels of SIRT5, the enzyme responsible for mediating desuccinylation in the mitochondria (2.2 fold increase). Taken together, the results of this study support the idea that CS is inhibited during hibernation in the ground squirrel skeletal muscle and that this alteration could be mediated by decreases in succinylation.
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295
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Hesperetin Nanocrystals Improve Mitochondrial Function in a Cell Model of Early Alzheimer Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071003. [PMID: 34201544 PMCID: PMC8300699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a hallmark of both brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer disease (AD). AD-related mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by an impaired electron transport chain (ETC), subsequent decreased adenosine triphoshpate (ATP) levels, and elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The bioactive citrus flavanone hesperetin (Hst) is known to modulate inflammatory response, to function as an antioxidant, and to provide neuroprotective properties. The efficacy in improving mitochondrial dysfunction of Hst nanocrystals (HstN) with increased bioavailability has not yet been investigated. Human SH-SY5Y cells harboring neuronal amyloid precursor protein (APP695) acted as a model for the initial phase of AD. MOCK-transfected cells served as controls. The energetic metabolite ATP was determined using a luciferase-catalyzed bioluminescence assay. The activity of mitochondrial respiration chain complexes was assessed by high-resolution respirometry using a Clarke electrode. Expression levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex genes were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The levels of amyloid β-protein (Aβ1-40) were measured using homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF). ROS levels, peroxidase activity, and cytochrome c activity were determined using a fluorescence assay. Compared to pure Hst dissolved in ethanol (HstP), SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells incubated with HstN resulted in significantly reduced mitochondrial dysfunction: ATP levels and respiratory chain complex activity significantly increased. Gene expression levels of RCC I, IV, and V were significantly upregulated. In comparison, the effects of HstN on SY5Y-MOCK control cells were relatively small. Pure Hst dissolved in ethanol (HstP) had almost no effect on both cell lines. Neither HstN nor HstP led to significant changes in Aβ1-40 levels. HstN and HstP were both shown to lower peroxidase activity significantly. Furthermore, HstN significantly reduced cytochrome c activity, whereas HstP had a significant effect on reducing ROS in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells. Thus, it seems that the mechanisms involved may not be linked to altered Aβ production. Nanoflavonoids such as HstN have the potential to prevent mitochondria against dysfunction. Compared to its pure form, HstN showed a greater effect in combatting mitochondrial dysfunction. Further studies should evaluate whether HstN protects against age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and thus may contribute to late-onset AD.
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296
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Mannelli M, Gamberi T, Magherini F, Fiaschi T. A Metabolic Change towards Fermentation Drives Cancer Cachexia in Myotubes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060698. [PMID: 34203023 PMCID: PMC8234377 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a disorder associated with several pathologies, including cancer. In this paper, we describe how cachexia is induced in myotubes by a metabolic shift towards fermentation, and the block of this metabolic modification prevents the onset of the cachectic phenotype. Cachectic myotubes, obtained by the treatment with conditioned medium from murine colon carcinoma cells CT26, show increased glucose uptake, decreased oxygen consumption, altered mitochondria, and increased lactate production. Interestingly, the block of glycolysis by 2-deoxy-glucose or lactate dehydrogenase inhibition by oxamate prevents the induction of cachexia, thus suggesting that this metabolic change is greatly involved in cachexia activation. The treatment with 2-deoxy-glucose or oxamate induces positive effects also in mitochondria, where mitochondrial membrane potential and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity became similar to control myotubes. Moreover, in myotubes treated with interleukin-6, cachectic phenotype is associated with a fermentative metabolism, and the inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by oxamate prevents cachectic features. The same results have been achieved by treating myotubes with conditioned media from human colon HCT116 and human pancreatic MIAPaCa-2 cancer cell lines, thus showing that what has been observed with murine-conditioned media is a wide phenomenon. These findings demonstrate that cachexia induction in myotubes is linked with a metabolic shift towards fermentation, and inhibition of lactate formation impedes cachexia and highlights lactate dehydrogenase as a possible new tool for counteracting the onset of this pathology.
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297
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McGlynn ML, Schnitzler H, Shute R, Ruby B, Slivka D. The Acute Effects of Exercise and Temperature on Regional mtDNA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6382. [PMID: 34204828 PMCID: PMC8296217 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to genomic DNA (mtDNA:gDNA), has been linked with dysfunctional mitochondria. Exercise can acutely induce mtDNA damage manifested as a reduced copy number. However, the influence of a paired (exercise and temperature) intervention on regional mtDNA (MINor Arc and MAJor Arc) are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of exercise in cold (7 °C), room temperature (20 °C), and hot (33 °C) ambient temperatures, on regional mitochondrial copy number (MINcn and MAJcn). Thirty-four participants (24.4 ± 5.1 yrs, 87.1 ± 22.1 kg, 22.3 ± 8.5 %BF, and 3.20 ± 0.59 L·min-1 VO2peak) cycled for 1 h (261.1 ± 22.1 W) in either 7 °C, 20 °C, or 33 °C ambient conditions. Muscle biopsy samples were collected from the vastus lateralis to determine mtDNA regional copy numbers via RT-qPCR. mtDNA is sensitive to the stressors of exercise post-exercise (MIN fold change, -1.50 ± 0.11; MAJ fold change, -1.70 ± 0.12) and 4-h post-exercise (MIN fold change, -0.82 ± 0.13; MAJ fold change, -1.54 ± 0.11). The MAJ Arc seems to be more sensitive to heat, showing a temperature-trend (p = 0.056) for a reduced regional copy number ratio after exercise in the heat (fold change -2.81 ± 0.11; p = 0.019). These results expand upon our current knowledge of the influence of temperature and exercise on the acute remodeling of regional mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. McGlynn
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Halee Schnitzler
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Robert Shute
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Brent Ruby
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;
| | - Dustin Slivka
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (M.L.M.); (H.S.); (R.S.)
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298
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Cardinale DA, Gejl KD, Petersen KG, Nielsen J, Ørtenblad N, Larsen FJ. Short-term intensified training temporarily impairs mitochondrial respiratory capacity in elite endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:388-400. [PMID: 34110230 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00829.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of healthy and functional mitochondria is the result of a complex mitochondrial turnover and herein quality-control program that includes both mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy of mitochondria. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an intensified training load on skeletal muscle mitochondrial quality control in relation to changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity, maximal oxygen consumption, and performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Elite endurance athletes (n = 27) performed high-intensity interval exercise followed by moderate-intensity continuous exercise 3 days per week for 4 wk in addition to their usual volume of training. Mitochondrial oxidative capacity, abundance of mitochondrial proteins, markers of autophagy, and antioxidant capacity of skeletal muscle were assessed in skeletal muscle biopsies before and after the intensified training period. The intensified training period increased several autophagy markers suggesting an increased turnover of mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins. In permeabilized muscle fibers, mitochondrial respiration was ∼20% lower after training although some markers of mitochondrial density increased by 5%-50%, indicative of a reduced mitochondrial quality by the intensified training intervention. The antioxidative proteins UCP3, ANT1, and SOD2 were increased after training, whereas we found an inactivation of aconitase. In agreement with the lower aconitase activity, the amount of mitochondrial LON protease that selectively degrades oxidized aconitase was doubled. Together, this suggests that mitochondrial respiratory function is impaired during the initial recovery from a period of intensified endurance training whereas mitochondrial quality control is slightly activated in highly trained skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that mitochondrial respiration is temporarily impaired after a period of intensified exercise training in elite athletes. In parallel, proteins involved in the antioxidative response including SOD2, UCP3, and ANT2 were upregulated, whereas mitochondrial biogenesis was slightly activated. Despite the mitochondrial respiratory impairments, physical performance was improved a few days after the intense training period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele A Cardinale
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden.,Elite Performance Centre, Bosön-Swedish Sports Confederation, Lidingö, Sweden
| | - Kasper D Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristine G Petersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
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299
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Gratl A, Pesta D, Gruber L, Speichinger F, Raude B, Omran S, Greiner A, Frese JP. The effect of revascularization on recovery of mitochondrial respiration in peripheral artery disease: a case control study. J Transl Med 2021; 19:244. [PMID: 34088309 PMCID: PMC8178834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is accompanied by myopathy characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of revascularization procedures on mitochondrial function in ischemic and non-ischemic muscle. Methods Muscle biopsies from patients with symptomatic stage IIB/III PAD caused by isolated pathologies of the superficial femoral artery were obtained from muscle regions within the chronic ischemic muscle (gastrocnemius) and from non-ischemic muscle (vastus lateralis) before and 6 weeks after invasive revascularization. High-resolution respirometry was used to investigate mitochondrial function and results were normalized to citrate synthase activity (CSA). Results are given in absolute values and fold over basal (FOB). Results Respiratory states (OXPHOS (P) and electron transfer (E) capacity) normalized to CSA decreased while CSA was increased in chronic ischemic muscle after revascularization. There were no changes in in non-ischemic muscle. The FOB of chronic ischemic muscle was significantly higher for CSA (chronic ischemic 1.37 (IQR 1.10–1.64) vs. non-ischemic 0.93 (IQR 0.69–1.16) p = 0.020) and significantly lower for respiratory states normalized to CSA when compared to the non-ischemic muscle (P per CSA chronic ischemic 0.64 (IQR 0.46–0.82) vs non-ischemic 1.16 (IQR 0.77–1.54) p = 0.011; E per CSA chronic ischemic 0.61 (IQR 0.47–0.76) vs. non-ischemic 1.02 (IQR 0.64–1.40) p = 0.010). Conclusions Regeneration of mitochondrial content and function following revascularization procedures only occur in muscle regions affected by malperfusion. This indicates that the restoration of blood and oxygen supply are important mediators aiding mitochondrial recovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02908-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gratl
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Sports Science, Medical Section, Innsbruck, Austria.,German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Leonhard Gruber
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fiona Speichinger
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ben Raude
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Safwan Omran
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Paul Frese
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
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300
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Lim C, Dunford EC, Valentino SE, Oikawa SY, McGlory C, Baker SK, Macdonald MJ, Phillips SM. Both Traditional and Stair Climbing-based HIIT Cardiac Rehabilitation Induce Beneficial Muscle Adaptations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1114-1124. [PMID: 33394901 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a lack of knowledge as to how different exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programming affects skeletal muscle adaptations in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. We first characterized the skeletal muscle from adults with CAD compared with a group of age- and sex-matched healthy adults. We then determined the effects of a traditional moderate-intensity continuous exercise program (TRAD) or a stair climbing-based high-intensity interval training program (STAIR) on skeletal muscle metabolism in CAD. METHODS Sixteen adults (n = 16, 61 ± 7 yr), who had undergone recent treatment for CAD, were randomized to perform (3 d·wk-1) either TRAD (n = 7, 30 min at 60%-80% of peak heart rate) or STAIR (n = 9, 3 × 6 flights) for 12 wk. Muscle biopsies were collected at baseline in both CAD and healthy controls (n = 9), and at 4 and 12 wk after exercise training in CAD patients undertaking TRAD or STAIR. RESULTS We found that CAD had a lower capillary-to-fiber ratio (C/Fi, 35% ± 25%, P = 0.06) and capillary-to-fiber perimeter exchange (CFPE) index (23% ± 29%, P = 0.034) in Type II fibers compared with healthy controls. However, 12 wk of cardiac rehabilitation with either TRAD or STAIR increased C/Fi (Type II, 23% ± 14%, P < 0.001) and CFPE (Type I, 10% ± 23%, P < 0.01; Type II, 18% ± 22%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Cardiac rehabilitation via TRAD or STAIR exercise training improved the compromised skeletal muscle microvascular phenotype observed in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyun Lim
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CANADA
| | - Emily C Dunford
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CANADA
| | | | - Sara Y Oikawa
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CANADA
| | - Chris McGlory
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queens University, Kingston, ON, CANADA
| | - Steve K Baker
- Department of Neurology, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CANADA
| | | | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CANADA
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